For Sale. Complete Commodore 128 System. Located in Brooklyn,New York. 
Best Serious Offer. Leave Email [71541,445]  

Commodore 128 Computer
Commodore 1571 Disk Drive
Commodore 1541 Disk drive
Commodore 1902 High Resolution Color Monitor
Commodore 1351 Mouse
Commodore 300 Baud Modem
Okidata 120 Printer
Hearsay 1000
Suncom Animation Station
***********************************************************
***********************************************************
Super Pascal 128               ABACUS                 
CrossBow                       ABSOLUTE               
Echelon                        ACCESS                 
World Class Leader Board       ACCESS                 
Ace Of Aces                    ACCOLADE               
Grand Prix Circuit             ACCOLADE               
Law Of The West                ACCOLADE               
Rack'Em                        ACCOLADE               
Steel Thunder                  ACCOLADE               
Test Drive                     ACCOLADE               
Ghost Busters II               ACTIVISION             
Predator                       ACTIVISION             
The Last Ninja             	  ACTIVISION             
Geos 128                       BERKELEY SOFTWORKS     
Jaws                           BOX OFFICE             
The Print Shop                 BRODERBUND             
Copy II                        CENTRAL POINT          
Super Huey II                  COSMI                  
Commando                       DATA EAST              
Platoon                        DATA EAST              
ArticFox                       DYNAMIX                
A Question Of Scruples         ELECTRONIC AR	        
Chuck Yeager Flt Trainer       ELECTRONIC ARTS        
Project Firestart              ELECTRONIC ARTS        
The Bard's Tale                ELECTRONIC ARTS        
PHM Pegasus                    ELECTRONICC ARTS       
Califonia Games                EPYX                    
Create A Calendar              EPYX                    
Destroyer                      EPYX                    
L.A. Crackdown                 EPYX                    
Techno Cop                     EPYX                    
T	 Eidolon                    EPYX                    
Hollywood Squares              GAME TEK                
Super Zaxxon                   HESWARE                 
Zork III                       INFOCOM                 
Maniac Mansion                 LUCASFILM GAMES         
Shogun                         MASTERTRONIC            
Airborne Ranger                MICROPROSE              
Gunship                        MICROPROSE              
Project Steath Fighter         MICROPROSE              
Silent Se	ice                 MICROPROSE              
Top Gunner Collection          MICROPROSE              
Indoor Sports                  MINDSCAPE               
Family Fued                    SHARE DATA              
Jeopardy                       SHARE DATA              
Wheel of Fortune               SHAREDATA               
Star Trek                      SIMON & SCHUSTER SOF    
Dragon's Lair                  SOFTWARE PROJECTS       
Kick...Butt...& Slam           THUNDER MOUNTAIN        
Top Gun          	            THUNDER MOUNTAIN        
The Money Manager              TIMEWORKS               
Word Writer 128                TIMEWORKS               
Strike Force: Cobra            UXB                     
  




       
   This is a summary of some commands for the Commodore 128. I will be documenting things as I figure them out (since Commodore doesn't be rushing along with the programmers reference mannual).



DISK COMMNADS

Header "Diskname",I23              - Formats a new disk
Run "Program"                      - Loads and runs a program
Dverify "Program"                  - Verifys a disk program

PROGRAMMING COMMANDS-LOOPING

Do                                 - Begins the loop parameter
Loop                               - Ends the loop parameter
While                              - Keeps the loop in effect only while
                                     condition is true
Exit                               - When the loop encounters this is it exits                                       to the next statement after the loop
Else                               - Tells the computer how to respond if the
                                     condition of the If-Then statement is
                                     false
Begin/Bend                         - Similar to the Do and Loop statements

PROGRAMMING COMMANDS

Sleep n                      	    - Indicates the number of seconds that you                                        want the computer to delay
Getkey a$                          - Tells the computer to wait for a string

PROGRAMMING AIDS

Auto x                             - Does your line numbering by the increment
                                     that you choose
Renumber x,,y                      - Tells the computer to renumber line y in
                                     increments of 10
Delete x-y                         - 	letes the range between x and y
Help                               - Finds sytax errors (not logic errors)
Trap x                             - Tells the computer to go to line x on an
                                     error condition
Tron/Troff                         - Starts and stops the tracing of your logic
Fast                               - Blanks screen and makes programs run in                                         faster mode
Slow                               - The return to the computer	natural mode

FUNCTION KEYS
F1                                 - Graphic
F2                                 - Dload"
F3                                 - Directory
F4                                 - Scnclr
F5                                 - Dsave"
F6                                 - Run
F7                                 - List
F8                                 - Machine language monitor


         If you're like most owners of the Commodore 1520 Plotter/Printer, you're probably having trouble locating replacement items such as roll paper and pens.  Well, not to worry.  Good ol' Radio Shack comes to the rescue again.

The paper is available in a box of three rolls that are 4 and 1/2 inches (114mm) in width and 2 and 3/4 inches (70mm)in diameter.  It is 15 lb. register bond and has 145-150 feet per roll.  The 1520 manual states that the maximum roll diameter can only be 50mm, so you might have to remove a few layers to use it.  However, the early 1520's had a different arrangement of holding the paper than did the newer 1520's.  Perhaps the earlier models can use 70mm in diameter.  Nevertheless, the Radio Shack P/N is 260-1428 and the selling price is $4.95 for the three rolls.  Compare that to the price of $14.95 from Commodore (with much smaller roll diameters).

The pens are also available, either in groups of three of black pens or one each of red, blue and green.  The pens are not exact matches with those of Commodore; they're actually better.  The pens are much easier to identify by color and they write a lot smoother.  T	 P/N for the black pens is 260-1480 and the P/N for the colors is 260-1481.  Each set is priced at $2.95 for the three.  Again, compare this to the Commodore price of $10 for a set of four plus $3 shipping and handling.

Hope this is of help to you 1520 owners.  Remember, we've got to stick together because we are definetly in the minority.  Those 1520 non-owners don't know what they're missing!
t2
1571 NOTES
==========

COMMAND          FUNCTION
-------          --------
U0>M0            1541 mode

U0>M1            1571 mode
                  Fast bus
                  1328 blocks free
                  Side a: tracks 1-35
                  Side b: tracks 36-70

U0>H0            1541 mode
U0>H1             Select which head to
                  use.
                  Side a: tracks 1-35
                  Side b: tracks 1-35
                  Treat each side as a
                  different disk.

"U0>R"+chr$(10)  Disable head bumping.

"U0>"+chr$(x)    Set device number 8-11
                 x = 8 -> 11.
                 Or use dip switches at
                 rear of drive.

COMMAND FORMAT

     10 open15,8,15:print#15,"u0>m1"

     15 close15

     20 open15,8,15:print#15,"u0>"+chr$(9)

     25 close15

C128 in 64 mode

     With Vic-Tree: SEND"u0>m1

     With DOS 5.1:  @0:u0>m1

     With SYSRES:   @"u0>m1"

=======================================
Jesse Knight
Brazoria, Texas

Earl Hamner/FUNHUG/21 Oct 85
#: 16193 S9/Peripherals
    30-Aug-88  21:44:00
Sb: #1581 sub directories
Fm: Miklos Garamszeghy 72060,1153
To: Gary Farmaner 76703,3050 (X)
 
 The i0 command on the 1581 can be disabled by the following:
 
"m-w"chr$(152)chr$(1)chr$(2)chr$(123)chr$(128)
 
 All 1581 internal commands are sent through indirect vectors in RAM starting
at $0190.  The vector for the i0 command is at m@198
this normally points to the code at 8ec5.  The above program changes
this vector to point to an rts instruction at 807b.  This effectively
kills the command and allows you to use the partition.  Note that the
partition is not retained when you change disks (the init routine for
changed disk log ins also resets the directory to the root.) But if
you keep the disk in the drive you will not have any problems.
 
 I am not sure how you can send this command string from within your
application, but it can be sent before.  As long as the drive does not do a
hard reset or an ui command, then the new vector will be retained.  If you
want to disable ui as well, its vector is at 194 and can be pointed to
the same rts.  Once in your application, you can change the 	b dir
by the normal dos /0:disname command or /0: for the root dir.
 
 One last caution:  be careful about changing vectors.  The order of the
vectors are documented on pages 108 and 109 of the 1581 manual
the code at the first location ($ff00) is jmp (190) etc.
 
Good luck and have fun
 
Miklos G.
      1660 CARRIER DETECT MOD.
      PICTORIAL BY RON GATCHEL
             12/29/85
 
MODIFICATION OF 1660 MODEM TO PROVIDE
CARRIER DETECT SIGNAL BACK
INTO COMPUTER.  CARRIER CAN THEN BE DETECTED
BY TERMINAL PROGRAM AS FOLLOWS:
 
IF(PEEK(56577)AND16)=0THEN [CARRIER IS
PRESENT]
 
THIS MOD HAS BEEN USED WITH
COMM-TERM 7.0, WITH GREAT SUCCESS!
 
NOTE THAT YOU WILL STILL NEED TO SWITCH
MODEM TO ANSWER MODE WHEN ALTERNATING
HI-LO TONES ARE HEARD IN SPEAKER (E.G.
WHEN CALLING A WESTRIDGE MODEM).
 
 
    6777777777777777777777777777777775
    6 O     BACK (FOIL) SIDE       O 5
 6777       OF 1660 MODEM            5
 6 AO O1                             5
 6 BO O2    NOTE THAT PINS G         5
 6 CO O3    AND I DO NOT EXIST       5
 6 DO O4    IN CONNECTOR AT LEFT.    5
 6 EO O5    PIN 9 IS NOT SHOWN FOR   5
 6 FO O6    CLARITY.                 5
 6 HO O7                            5
 6 JO O8   JUMPER WIRE               5
 6 KO------------------.             5
 6 LO O10            1 3      10     5
 6 MO O11            OOOOOOOOOO      5
 6 NO O12               IC1          5
 6///                OOOOOOOOOO      5
     5O             20      	11   O 5
     77777777777777777777777777777777
NOTE:  PRY
MODEM CASE APART CAREFULLY
       WITH LARGE SCREWDRIVER.
       USE LOW WATTAGE IRON AND SMALL
       WIRE.  BE CAREFUL NOT TO LEAVE
       A SOLDER BRIDGE BETWEEN PIN 3 OF
       IC1 AND THE SURROUNDING FOIL.
AT - Attention: indicates to the modem that the following characters are a

command. Begins almost all commands. You must finish with a Return.



<3 plus signs> - Escape: interrupts a session by taking the modem out of

terminal mode and putting it into command mode, where you can issue more

commands or hang up. It does not require the AT prefix, but it must be

preceded and followed by at least one second of no data transmission. The

plus sign can be changed to another character (see Register 2 below).



A - Answer: tells modem to answer a call without waiting for a ring, allows

you to switch from voice to computer.



A<slash> - Again: repeats the previous command, generally used to redial

after getting a busy signal. Doesn't require AT before or Return after.



Cn - Transmitter Carrier: used when more than one modem is connected to the

same phone line. C1 (default) turns it ON fro normal operation iwth one

modem. C0 turns it OFF for setting a RECEIVE ONLY condition of an

additional device sharing the phone line.



D - Dial: indicates to the modem that the following characters are part of

a phone number. Spaces and hyphens are OK. Commands commonly used with D

include: P, T, R, comma and semicolon.



P - Pulse: selects pulse method for dialing. It's the default setting for

the modem.



T - Touchtone: selects touchtone method for dialing. All subsequent

commands will be executed in touchtone. The modem recognizes the # and *.

Dialing speed can be changed (see Register S11).



R - Reverse: allows you to contact "originate only" modems. Placing this

command at the end of a dialing sequence puts your modem in answer mode and

enables you to contact those modems programmed to transmit, but not to

receive calls.



<comma> - Pause: creates a two-second pause in transmission, most often

used in dialing sequences. The length of the pause can be changed (see

Register S8).



<semi-colon> - Return to command mode: returns you to command mode after

dialing. It must be the last character in the dialing sequence.



En - Echo: used only in command mode. When ON (E1, the default), the

characters you type appear on (echo to) the screen. When OFF (E0),

characters don't appear on the screen, but commands are executed anyway.



Fn - Duplex: controls the echo in terminal mode. F1 (default) indicates

full duplex communication, where the local echo is turned OFF and your

characters are echoed back to you from the on-line system. Use F0 to turn

the local echo ON if the system does not echo back characters. (If local

echo is ON and you are transmitting to a system that echoes back,

everything you type appears twice, lliikkee tthhiiss.



Hn - Hook: used to hang up (put ON the hook) or pick up (take OFF the hook)

the phone. When you terminate a call with 3 plus signs, the phone lines are

still open, although the link to the host computer has been broken. H0 (or

just H) hangs up. H1 takes the phone OFF the hook. Default is 0. Note that

you must first issue the Escape command (3 plus signs) becore you issue the

hook command.



In - Inquiry: requests the product code (I0) or the ROM checksum (I1).



Mn - Monitor speaker: enables you to listen in on an attempted connection

or a connection in progress. M1, the default, turns the speaker on during

command mode and off in terminal mode. M2 turns the speaker on all the

time. M0 turns the speaker off completely.



O - Online: returns you to terminal mode (online) from command mode if you

have been issuing commands in the middle of a telecommunication session.

You can use the Escapte code (3 plus signs) to get out of terminal mode

without terminating the session, issue commands, then type ATO to resume

telecommunicating.



S - Set registers: sets the 14 registers that control various elements of

communicating. Registers and their function are listed below.



Sr? - Query register: tells you the current value of register "r".



Xn - Result codes: status reports that are displayed on the screen in

numeric or verbal form (see the V command). YOu can prevent the codes from

being displayed (see the Q command). There are 10 codes divided into three

overlapping groups. X0 selects codes 0 thru 4, X1 selects 0 thru 5, and X2

selects the full set of codes. The following table lists and describes the

codes.



   0  OK            Command being executed

   1  CONNECT       Going online

   2  RING          Incoming call (enters answer mode)

   3  NO CARRIER    You're disconnected

   4  ERROR         Invalid command

   5  CONNECT 1200  Online at 1200 baud

   6  NO DIAL TONE  Returns to command mode

   7  BUSY          The host is busy

  11  RINGING       The host is not busy

  12  VOICE         A person, not a modem, answered



Qn - Quiet: decides whether or not to display result codes. Q0, the

default, displays the codes and Q1 suppresses them.



Vn - Verbal: determines whether result codes are displayed as words (V1,

the default) or code numbers (V0).



Z - Zap: resets modem to all default settings. Has the same effect as

unpluggin, then plugging it in again. Can be used to initiate new DIP

switch settings.



Setting Registers

=================



There are 14 registers, most of which deal with timing, that alter aspects

of the modem's memory to tailor the performance to your needs. All the

commands use the same structure:



ATSr=n  where r is the register number and n is the new value



Reg   Default     Function

===   =======     ==========

S0    DIP 1       Sets number of rings before auto-answering

S1    0           Counts and stores number of rings coming in

S2    43          Redefines the ASCII code for the Escape code character

S3    13          Redefines ASCII code for Carriage Return

S4    10          Redefines ASCII code for Line Feed

S5    8           Redefines ASCII code for Backspace

S6    2           Sets number of seconds to wait for a dial tone.

                  The lowest possible value is 2.

S7    30          Sets number of seconds to wait for carrier

S8    2           Sets duration in seconds for the pause (comma) and the

                  pause between command re-execution for Repeat command.

S10   7           Sets duration in tenths of seconds to wait after loss

                  off carrier before hanging up.

S11   70          Sets duration and spacing, in milliseconds, of

                  touchtones. 50 is the minimum value.

S12   50          Defines guard time in 50ths of second for Escape code

                  sequence.

S16   0           Modem self-test:

                  0=Data mode (no testing)   1=Analog loopback



DIP Switches

============



1     Auto-answer suppressed           DOWN

      Modem answers on 2nd ring        UP

      

2     Carrier detect on pin H-K        DOWN

      No carrier detect signal         UP

      (must be up for Plus/4!)

      

3     Indicate to computer speed of incoming call  DOWN

      Disable speed indicate                       UP



4     DTR (Data Terminal Ready) always on          DOWN

      DTR normal; computer controls DTR            UP



NOTE: When you change a DIP switch setting, the new setting is initiated 

when you plug in the modem. If the modem is already plugged in, initiate 

the new setting by issuing the Zap command (ATZ).



Disabling Auto-Answer on 3-DIP model

====================================



The following text and program for disabling auto-answer on the (older) 

3 DIP switch model of the 1670 is from John Iannetta 73510,2152.



The following BASIC program, when RUN, will create an

89 byte disk file.  Anytime that the file is LOADed "FILENAME",8,1 it will

disable the auto-answer mode.  The file is not to be RUN.  In fact, it may

be used with an existing BASIC program in memory. The BASIC program will

not be corrupted by doing so.  Testing was on a C-64.



10 input"filename";f$

20 open8,8,1,f$

30 fori=1to89:ready

40 print#8,chr$(y);:next

50 close8

100 data173,2,6,65,84,83,48,61,48,13

110 data24,165,34,105,2,133,45,165,35

120 data105,0,133,46,169,1,162,173,160

130 data2,32,189,255,152,170,32,186

140 data255,32,192,255,162,2,32,198

150 data255,162,2,32,201,255,162,249

160 data189,181,1,32,210,255,232,208

170 data247,32,228,255,32,22,231,201

180 data75,208,246,169,2,32,195

190 data255,32,83,228,32,204,255,76

200 data116,164,139,227,181,2



             The program LOADs at $02AD, ending at $0303, where it

overwrites the ready mode and input buffer vectors. The latter is changed

to $02B5, the start of the routine.  After the LOAD, the BASIC goes to the

new vector, where the correct START OF VARIABLES address is put into $2D,

$2E (it had been changed by the LOAD).  Then a 300 baud RS-232 channel is

OPENed, "ATS0=0 <CR>" is sent through it, and the routine waits for the "K"

of "OK" to be received from the modem and printed.  Next, the file is

closed, the original vectors are installed, CLRCHN is called, and the JMP

is made to ready mode.



[This program (tokenized BASIC) is in LIB 12 under the name NOANSR.BIN]

This file will instruct you on how to modify the 1764 RAMTEST program to test all 512K of your REU.  This, of course, would only apply if you have added the additional 256K to the 1764.  Please read 1764.TXT in this library for instructions on that procedure.

First, "1764 RAMTEST.BAS" is a BASIC loader for the program "1764 RAMTEST.BIN" which is a machine language program that does the actual testing of the REU.  Second, I will outline three methods of modifying your program to test the entire 512K.

METHOD ONE - Load the program "1764 RAMTEST.BAS".  List the program and look at line 500 on up.  Make the following changes to your program:

     500 :
     510 REM LINES 520 AND 530 TEST 512K
     520 POKE 33093,7:POKE 33099,33
     530 POKE 36003,53:POKE 36004,49:POKE 36005,50
     540 :
     1000 SYS 32768:  REM  WE WON'T BE COMING BACK!

Then save this new program back to disk by first scratching the old program and then saving the new.  This modification merely pokes new values to the mentioned memory locations after the program "1764 RAMTEST.BIN" has been loaded into memory at location 32768.  The ramtest program will now test a	 eight banks of memory.

METHOD TWO - Using a Disk Editor program (such as Di-Sector) load Track 20, Sector 6 (the 2nd sector of the program) of "1764 RAMTEST.BIN".  Change relative byte 75 from $03 to $07.  Change relative byte 81 from $11 to $21.  Then write this sector back to disk.  Now load Track 20, Sector 15 (the 13th sector of the program) of the same program.  Change relative bytes 191, 192 and 193 from $32 to $35, $35 to $31 and $36 to $32, respectively.  Write this sector back to disk.  There i	no need for the revised pokes in the BASIC loader program if you use this method.  I feel this is a better way to modify this program.

METHOD THREE - Using an Assembler/Monitor load "1764 RAMTEST.BIN" at location 32768.  Then change memory locations as follows:
     POKE 33093 with $07
     POKE 33099 with $21
     POKE 36003 with $35
     POKE 36004 with $31
     POKE 36005 with $32
Then save this program back to disk.

Whichever method you use is your choice.  All three will provide you with the means 	 test all 512K of your expanded 1764 REU.  Good luck!
HOW TO EXPAND YOUR 1764 FROM 256K TO 512K

     The 1764 RAM Expansion Unit (REU) consists of a plug in cartridge and a beefier power supply.  This power supply is required because the original C-64 power supply was not designed to meet the current requirements of the additional IC's in the REU.  The new power supply is rated at 2.5A at 5 VDC and 1A at 9 VAC.  The DC supply was increased for the additional RAM.

     The 1764 REU is merely a printed circuit board (PCB) inside a metal housing which is inside the plastic case.  This assembly plugs into the Expansion Port of the C-64 or 64-C computers.  The PCB is the same board that is used in the 1700 (128K) and the 1750 (512K) Expansions with a couple of differences:

     1)  The 1764 has only one bank of eight 256K Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) IC's.  Each IC holds 256K bits of information; therefore, 8 IC's are needed to obtain 256K bytes.

     2)  There is a empty bank of 8 positions labelled Bank II on the PCB.

     3)  There is a resistor (most likely R4) in the 1700 and the 1750 REU's that was omitted in the 1764, apparently due to a small difference in the Expansion Port of the C-128 and the C-64.  In spite of this difference there are many C-64 users that have installed the 1750 REU without problems.  Please note; you cannot use the original power supply in this manner.  You MUST use a power supply that has more current on the DC side.

     Commodore likely decided to ship the 1764 with only 256K to keep the price of the unit down and make it attractive to as many C-64 owners as possible.  Only by selling a significant quantity of the 1764 would it be possible to entice software companies to support it.  The RAMDISK software included with the 1764 is a nice option, but it is not compatible with many software packages since it only supports the 4 file types (PRG, SEQ, USR and REL).  The RAMDISK does not support direct track-sector access, which many programs use for loading and other functions.

     It is not too difficult for someone with a reasonable knowledge of soldering to install the additional IC's in Bank II on the PCB.  You may want to install IC sockets on the board to avoid damaging the DRAMs.  Bank I is not in sockets.  It is possible to solder the IC's directly into the board without heat damage.  If you feel hesitant about doing so, you will probably want to use the sockets.

     The DRAMs you need to acquire are 256K, 150 ns access time.  The industry part number is 41256-15.  They can be obtained at many electronics parts houses, mail order and Radio Shack.  The Radio Shack P/N is 276-1252.  Their price is $6.95 each.  With the recent embargo on memory IC's look for these to become harder and harder to find.  You will need a quantity of eight.  The following steps should only be undertaken by someone skilled in handling PCB's and soldering.  Some mechanical skill is needed to remove and install the PC board in its housing.

NOTE:  Be careful to avoid ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) damage to your PCB assembly.  If possible, use a wrist strap attached to a grounded metal pipe or such.  Only a few hundred volts of Electrostatic potential can completely ruin your REU.

STEP 1 - The housing of the 1764 must be opened.  There are 4 pins, one in each corner.  Starting at the opening which connects the unit to the computer gently, but firmly, pull the top and bottom apart.  The plastic case will begin to separate.  Continue around the perimeter of the case until the top can be removed from the bottom.

STEP 2 - Remove the metal shield from the plastic case by pulling it out at each corner.  The PCB is inside this metal shell.  Open the shield starting at the connector opening.  You may need a small screwdriver to bend the metal slightly where the two lips meet.  When the shield opens, spread it only as far as needed to remove the PCB.

STEP 3 - Examine the PC board.  Bank I is the row of eight IC's along the top edge of the board.  The RAM Expansion Controller (REC) is the square component in the middle of the board.  The Bank II row is just below Bank I.

STEP 4 - Your PCB was most likely wave soldered.  Therefore, the holes that you must insert the new IC's in are already filled with solder.  The best way to remove this solder and open the holes is with a vacuum desoldering tool.  One can be purchased at Radio Shack (P/N 64-2120) for only $6.95.  Make this investment.  You be glad you did!  Remove the solder from all holes; 128 in all.  Be careful of how much heat you apply during this process.  Do not break or pull up any of the traces attached to the holes that you are desoldering.

STEP 5 - If you are using IC sockets, solder them into the board with the pin 1 end towards Bank I.  Then insert the new IC's into the sockets being careful to engage all pins in the proper sockets.  If you are not using the sockets, solder the actual IC's into the board with the pin 1 end toward Bank II.

STEP 6 - Reassemble the unit in the reverse order of disassembly.  Be sure everything fits properly as it was before you began.

STEP 7 - The REU will now hold twice as much as before.  If you are a GEOS user, you will see that 512K is installed when you use the CONFIGURE file.  You can now shadow two drives, or have one drive shadowed and one RAMDISK.

If the REU is not operating properly please check the following:

     A pin (or pins) is not soldered correctly.

     A trace (or traces) is broken (open) and not making contact.

     A solder bridge exists between two adjacent traces or holes.

     One (or more) IC is defective.  Almost all DRAMs receive 100% testing during manufacturing.  This is an unlikely reason for improper operation.  However it is still a possibility.


Obviuosly, this task is only for those who know how to solder and desolder a PCB.  If you are in doubt about doing this, then DON'T!  You have more to lose than to gain.  If you know someone who is so skilled then ask them to do it.  I will accept no responsibility whatsoever for what losses you may incur.

My REU worked perfectly right off the bat.  If you follow instructions exactly as I have outlined them, then your REU should work too.  Good luck.



                       COMMODORE 64 FILE ARCHIVE UTILITY



                         Documentation for Version 2.20
                       (C) Copyright 1986 - Ampere Metal
                              All rights reserved.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 2


          
               FREEWARE

               User supported  software, or  FREEWARE is an attempt to
          bypass normal  market channels  thereby allowing independant
          software authors  to enter  the market without the high cost
          of conventional  advertising and  promotion. You  benefit by
          having these savings passed on to you, and we benefit by not
          having to  invest in  costly advertising,  fancy manuals and
          packaging. After  all, if  the software  does the  job,  who
          needs the fancy package!

               If the software does not do the job, then simply do not
          use it  and pay  nothing; pass  it on to someone else, maybe
          they will  find it  useful. At  least  it  didn't  cost  you
          anything to experiment.

               On the other hand, if you find yourself still using the
          program after  a couple  of weeks,  then obviously  it is of
          some worth  to you  and you  should send  in a  contribution
          reflecting that worth.

               ARC is distributed as FREEWARE.

               ARC is not FREE softWARE.

               If you  use ARC  regularly, then  you should  send in a
          contribution. If  all you  can afford  is a couple of bucks,
          then send  in a couple of bucks...its better than nothing at
          all. If  you havn't  sent in a contribution, then you should
          not be using ARC.

               Contributions should be sent to:
          
                                  Ampere Metal
                              80 Hale Road unit 4
                               Brampton, Ontario
                                    Canada.
                                    L6W 3M1
          
               A minimum  contribution  of  $10.00  gets  you  printed
          documentation                                     A  minimum
          contribution of  $20.00 gets  you a current program diskette
          as well.  If you  contribute a  minimum of  $20.00, you will
          also be eligible to purchase updates at cost. (Documentation
          at $0.06/page + $2.50 for diskette + $2.50 postage)

               Please be  sure to  include your  correct  address  and
          postal/zip code.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 3


               ARC is  protected by  copyright. This  means  that  the
          original copyright  holder (Ampere Metal or Chris Smeets) is
          the only  person that  may legally  duplicate ARC  or permit
          someone else  to do so. Ampere Metal does however, partially
          waive its rights as copyright holder as outlined below.

               YOU MAY NOT:

               1) Duplicate the PRINTED documentation for ARC either
                  in whole or in part by any means for any purpose.
               2) Charge any fee whatsoever for duplicating the
                  machine readable version of ARC, whether done for
                  profit or otherwise.
               3) Modify ARC or its documentation in any way.
               

               YOU MAY:

               1) Use ARC on a trial basis only. If you intend to use
                  ARC for more than just a trial then you must send in
                  a contribution.
               2) Duplicate the machine readable files associated with
                  ARC provided that this is done free of charge and
                  without modification.
          
               There are  many ways  in which  ARC  can  be  improved.
          Version  1.00   used  only   straight  storage  and  Huffman
          squeezing. Run-length  encoding was  added in  version 1.30.
          Version  2.00  added  Lempel-Zev  compression  and  improved
          Huffman squeezing  by combining  it with  run-length coding.
          Version 2.00  archives can  also be created in a single pass
          for increased speed at the expense of a small amount of disk
          storage.

               Future  improvements   include  making   ARC   routines
          available to  the  BASIC  programmer,  making  ARC  work  on
          various different Commodore computers, fast serial routines,
          random access  archives, the  ability  to  execute  archived
          programs, improving  compressor performance,  the ability to
          extract MS-DOS archives and CP/M squeezed or crunched files.
          The list goes on and on....

               Program development  takes time.  Lots of  it. The more
          support we  get from  you in  the form  of contributions and
          constructive criticism,  the more  motivated we  will be  to
          spend our  time on  improving ARC.  The amount  of time  and
          effort we  will be  putting  into  ARC  will  be  in  direct
          proportion to the amount of user support we get.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 4


          
          Disclaimer
          
          
               Ampere Metal  makes no  warranty, either  expressed  or
          implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties
          of merchantability  or  fitness  for  a  particular  purpose
          regarding these  materials and makes ARC available solely on
          an 'as is' basis.

               In no  event shall  Ampere Metal be be liable to anyone
          for  special,   collateral,  incidental,   or  consequential
          damages in connection with or arising out of purchase or use
          of ARC.  The sole  and exclusive  liability of Ampere Metal,
          regardless of  the form  of action,  shall  not  exceed  the
          purchase price of the materials described herein.

              If you do not agree to these terms, then do not use ARC.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 5


               UPDATES

               The easiest  way to get an update is simply to download
          it by  modem from  our bulletin  board at  (416) 458-0039 in
          Toronto Ontario  Canada. The  board is  a public access FIDO
          system, and  you will  need a  terminal with XMODEM, MODEM7,
          KERMIT, MINITEL,  or TELINK file transfer  protocol in order
          to download  from the  board. The most recent version of ARC
          will always  be posted  where it  can be  easily  found.  In
          addition you  will find  various related  documentation  and
          additional utilities  complementary to  ARC as  they  become
          avaiable. If  you have  any questions,  leave  the  SYSOP  a
          message and we will do our best to answer them.

          The board is currently operating at 300, 1200 and 2400 baud.

               We will  also try  to post  a current version of ARC on
          COMPUSERVE, (GO  CBMPRG and  check the  HIGH  LEVEL  UTILITY
          section with  keyword ARC). You can also check the Commodore
          SIGs of  DELPHI and  GEnie which  should also  have  current
          copies of ARC.  Note:  Also on CompuServe's  GO CBMART in
          Data Library 1 -- Help/Data Library Tools.

               If you  are patient, you can also just wait until it is
          available on a local bulletin board in your area.

               When updating  by one  of the above methods, sufficient
          documentation will  be available  so that you can figure out
          how to  use ARC. Complete documentation is only available in
          printed form to registered users.

               If you  wish to  post ARC  on your  bulletin board  for
          public access, then we would prefer it if you would make the
          most recent  version available and delete previous versions.
          We will  be coming  out with  a number of external utilities
          for ARC  and will be making the assumption that anyone using
          them has a current copy of ARC.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 6


               

               When  updating  ARC,  we  will  try  to  stick  to  the
          following version numbering scheme:

                   ARC version X.YZ

               If Z changes, then a minor change has been made to ARC,
          and it  is probably  not worth  the effort of updating. If Y
          changes, then  a useful  change has  been  made  and  it  is
          probably worth  the effort  to get  an update. If X changes,
          then a  major change  has been  made, and  you will  have to
          update if  your version  of ARC has a lower value of X. X is
          the number  that you  see in  the column marked "V" when you
          list an archive's directory.

               For example,  when we  added the  /w switch to DIR, the
          version changed  from 1.33 to 1.34. When we added ARC/F, the
          version changed  from 2.00  to 2.10. When we added three new
          data compression  techniques, the  version changed from 1.34
          to 2.00.

               Note that  if your version of ARC has the same value of
          X as  the latest  version, you will be able to extract files
          from archives  created by  the newer  version. If X is lower
          than the  most recent  ARC, then  you may  come accross some
          archives which your version of ARC can't handle.

               The actual  ARC program  itself will  be distributed as
          "ARCXYZ.H", where  XYZ is  the version  number, and "H" will
          indicate what  machine the  program runs  on. At present "H"
          can be  "4" for  a standard C-64 and "8" for a C-64 equipped
          with an  80 column  adaptor (BI-80). Hopefully "H" will take
          on values  like "4032",  "8096", or  "128"  in  the  not  to
          distant future.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 7


              Bugs in ARC
              As we  become aware  of them,  we will try to repair any
          bugs which  manifest thier  ugly heads. There are a few bugs
          which managed  to slip by us. Some of them are harmless, and
          some are not. There are a few that you should be aware of.

              ARC 1.00

              Would occasionally  make  an  archive  entry  one  block
          longer than it should be. This extra block would confuse ARC
          when extracting  the archive.  If an  archive created by ARC
          1.00 verifies ok, then it is ok.

              ARC 1.xx ( xx not 00 )

              These versions  had a  bug in  the pack  routine.  If  a
          character repeated  n times with n>255, then it would unpack
          as n+1 bytes. This would usually result in a checksum error,
          but  under   the  right  circumstances  it  would  not.  (in
          particular...in picture  files with  alot  of  empty  space)
          ARCs numbered 2.20 or higher are smart enough to detect this
          problem and will un-pack such an archive properly.

              There was  also another problem with the unpack routines
          and the  checksum calculation.  The last  byte of  the  file
          would occasionally  be included  in the  checksum more  than
          once! This problem was in fact harmless, except for the fact
          that it  fooled is  into thinking  that the previous problem
          was also harmless.

              The pack routines have been completely rewritten in ARCs
          numbered 2.00 or higher, and the checksum calculation is now
          more rigorous  and will  detect errors  that would have gone
          un-noticed by ARCs 1.xx

              ARC 2.10

              In order  to overcome  the problem  of XMODEM padding we
          made ARC 2.10 check for and ignore any padding at the end of
          an archive.  Unfortunately, if  the last entry in an archive
          happens to  be only  one block long, then ARC 2.10 is stupid
          enough to  ignore it  as XMODEM padding. This has been fixed
          in ARC 2.20.

              While we're on the subject of XMODEM padding...ARCs 1.xx
          can not  handle it  properly. The archive will still extract
          ok, but  ARC may  spit out  some garbage  at the end when it
          encounters the  XMODEM padding  and  thinks  it  is  another
          archive entry.

              Bless us  ARC user  for we  have sinned. It has been six
          months since  we first  released ARC 1.00. For these and any
          other bugs we have failed to mention, we are truly sorry.



          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 8


               INTRODUCTION

               ARC was  inspired by the program of the same name which
          has been  available to  MS-DOS users  for some  time now. It
          allows you  to take  several related  files and back them up
          into a  single  archive  file.  The  archive  can  later  be
          extracted to  obtain exact duplicates of the files that went
          into it.  Since ARC  automatically compresses  the files  as
          they are being archived, the resulting archive file takes up
          less disk  storage space  than the  original files.  Savings
          vary  with  the  types  of  files  being  archived,  and  is
          typically 50% for text and 10-30% for program files.

               The primary  advantage of ARC is as a backup tool. Word
          processing files,  assembler source  code,  database  files,
          graphics and  music files compress rather well. In fact, due
          to their  heavy use  of graphics  pictures, even  games  can
          squeeze  down  quit  well  in  some  instances.  Normally  a
          1541/4040 diskette  has a capacity of 664 blocks of storage.
          Using ARC,  you can increase this to the equivalent of about
          800 blocks  for program  disks and 1300 or more for text and
          graphics disks.

               Another big  advantage of  ARC is the fact that several
          files can  be combined  into a single archive. This makes it
          significantly easier  (and faster)  to  transfer information
          from one computer to another via the telephone lines. If the
          bulletin board  you are  calling uses  ARC files,  you  will
          spend less time reading directories and trying to figure out
          which, and  how many  files you  have to download to get the
          program you  want to  work! Not  only this,  but  after  you
          extract the  archive, all of the files will have the correct
          name and filetype so renaming files is not nessessary.

               ARC is also a useful tool for general file maintenance.
          Moving  files   between  drives,   renaming  files,  viewing
          directories, and  the editing of simple text files is rather
          simple with ARC.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 9


               

               When Huffman  coding is  used  to  squeeze  files,  the
          compression  ratio  (the  original  length  divided  by  the
          squeezed length)  is about  1.11 for  programs, 1.6 for text
          files, and  can be 2.0 or more for graphics screens. Huffman
          coded files  show up  as 'squeezed' on an archive directory.
          Run-length     squeezing    ('packing')  is  sometimes  more
          effective, particularly on graphical information.

               Version  2.00   of  ARC   introduced  three   new  data
          compression methods.  'Squashing' combines run-length coding
          with Huffman  squeezing and is generally superior to Huffman
          squeezing alone.  'Crunching' is by far the most interesting
          method used to date in that ARC will choose crunching as the
          most efficient compressor as often as 80 to 90% of the time.
          Crunched  files   are  stored   using  the  Lempel-Zev-Welch
          algorithm and  can result  in  very  impressive  compression
          ratios. A  typically text file will compress to about 45% of
          its original  length, and  word-pro or  paperclip files will
          crunch down  to about  one third  of their  original length.
          Crunching   combines    run-length   and    Lempel-Zev-Welch
          compression and  is unique  in  that  it  can  be  performed
          without requiring  an initial pass through the data file. It
          is now  possible to override ARC's choice of the compressor,
          and crunch  everything in  only one pass! Although this does
          not necessarily ensure the most efficient use of disk space,
          significant time  savings can  be achieved with only a small
          sacrifice in storage.

               In general  ARC makes  two passes  through each  source
          file. On  the first  pass ARC  counts the number of bytes in
          the file  and calculates  a two  byte checksum for each file
          being archived. The checksum is stored in the archive and is
          later used to verify the file's integrity. ARC also prepares
          a frequency  distribution of  the bytes used in the file and
          uses it  to generate  the Huffman  codes. It then calculates
          what the  resultant length  would be using each of the three
          storage methods.  (store, squeeze,  squash, crunch, or pack)
          Pass two  then writes the file to the archive using the most
          efficient of the five methods available.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 10


               In order to achieve some of the flexibility and ease of
          use of  the MS-DOS  version we  had to  do  something  about
          Commodore DOS. After all isn't:

          
                     del a:scrapfile1 c:scrapfile2 <return>
          
                          a heck of a lot easier than:
          
                              open 15,8,15
                              print#15,"s0:scrapfile1"
                              close 15
                              open 15,9,15
                              print#15,"s0:scrapfile2"
                              close 15

          
                                 or what about:
          
                       move a:arc.exe b:arc.asm c:usq f:
          
               That would  take some  doing! And  yet it's the type of
          thing you  want to  do quite easily when you're manipulating
          your disk library.

               In general  drive letters  are  both  easier  and  more
          precise than drive numbers. If  you're familiar  with MS-DOS
          or CP/M you probably  prefer drive letters. If not, they may
          take some  getting used to. What we've done is assigned each
          drive a letter according to the table below:

                    drive letter    device number      drive
                    ------------     -------------     -----
                        a               8                0
                        b               8                1
                        c               9                0
                        d               9                1
                        e               10               0
                        f               10               1
                        g               11               0
                        h               11               1
          
               Thus if  you want  a program on drive 1 of unit 10, you
          can do any one of the following:

                    dload "program",d1 on u10    (basic 4.0)
                    load "1:program",10          (basic 2.0)
                                       or
                    load "f:program"             (with ARC)




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 11


               If you want to load and run the program just type:

                              f:program  <return>

               ARC will load it and run it (or SYS to it if its
          machine language)

               In  any   case  we   felt  that   drive  letters   were
          sufficiently useful  that they  would be worth the bother of
          getting used  to. If  you're still not convinced think about
          this example after you've read on.

                      arc/c d:arcfile a:asm.?? b:ed.?? c:*

               We think  you'll grow to  appreciate the environment in
          which ARC  is available.  Most of the commands that you will
          often require  to view directories, move files about, delete
          files, rename  files, or edit simple text files  are at your
          disposal.  Future  versions  of  ARC  will  have  even  more
          commands. We  felt that this is the environment in which ARC
          would prove most useful.

          
               Anyway without  much further  ado we'll  give you a run
          down of the commands available.....

          
               [square brackets]   indicate optional parameters
               
               <angle  brackets>   indicate required parameters
               
               d:                  is a drive letter
                                   (usually a destination drive)
               
               s:                  is a drive letter
                                   (usually a source drive)




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 12


          1) general DOS commands


           a:

               Selects drive  a  as  the  default  drive.  Whenever  a
          command uses  a drive  letter as  an optional parameter, and
          you do  not specify the drive letter, the default drive will
          be used. Valid drives are the letters a through h


           d:filename

               This will search drive d: for the program specified and
          if it  is found  it will  be run.  If its a machine language
          program, then  ARC will  SYS to  its load address. Note that
          the LOAD  is non relocating. That is .. its the same as LOAD
          with ,8,1


           date dd,mm,yyyy

               This is  used to set the date. dd is the day, mm is the
          month, and  yyyy is  the year.  Since  the  date  is  stored
          internally in  the same  format as  used on  the IBM PC, the
          possible values for yyyy are 1980 through 1980+127.

               If you  enter an  illegal value  for one  of the  above
          parameters, then the date won't change.

               The date  is stored  in the  header  to  every  archive
          entry, and  is a useful way to keep track of which backup is
          more recent  than another.  It is  also useful  when posting
          programs  on  bulletin  boards  for  public  access,  as  it
          indicates how  recent a  particular version of a program is.
          Of course, the date won't always be meaningful. In this case
          we  suggest  you  just  leave  it  set  to  the  default  of
          01jan1980.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 13


           dir[/w] [s:[pattern1]] [s:[pattern2]] ...

               Lists a directory to the screen. Some examples are:
               
               
               dir                    - lists default directory
               
               dir a:                 - list directory of drive a
               
               dir b:???              - list files on drive b whose
                                        names are 3 characters in
                                        length.
               
               dir a*,b*              - list files from the default
                                        drive whose names start with
                                        'a' or 'b'
               
               dir a:t* c:t*          - lists all files on drives a:
                                        and c: whose names begin
                                        with 't'
               
               dir/w                  - lists the default directory,
                                        filenames only.
               
               dir/w a:a* b:b*        - lists filenames only for files
                                        on drive a: whose names begin
                                        with "a" and on drive b:
                                        with "b".




           del [d:]<pattern> [[d:pattern] [d:pattern]....]

               Scratches files from the specified drives. Up to 9
               different patterns may be given, but only one is
               required. Some examples are:
               
               del arc               - delete "arc" from default drive
               
               del a:temp* b:temp*   - delete all files from drive a:
                                       or drive b: whose names start
                                       with "temp"




First look at: GEOS 128 2.0


    GEOS 128 2.0 by Berkeley Softworks is the latest version of the Graphic 
Environment Operating System for the C128 and C128-D.  It is a substantial 
improvement over the original GEOS 128.


    My copy of GEOS 128 2.0 was obtained as part of BSW's upgrade offer to 
registered owners of previous versions of GEOS 128.  There may be differences 
in copies purchased from software vendors.  My hardware consists of a C128, 
1541, 1571, and 1581 drives, 1351 mouse, 1750 REU, Olivetti PR2300 printer, 
and a 40-column color/80 column monochrome display.


What's in the box?

    I was surprised to see that the GEOS 128 2.0 package was shipped without 
a box.  Inside a padded shipping envelope, the materials were simply in a 
thick shrink-wrap material.  I assume that packages purchased from vendors 
will come in a box.  The package contained the following materials:

    : GEOS 2.0 User's Manual - This is identical to the later (no three-hole
      punch) manual for GEOS 64 2.0
    : GEOS 128 2.0 User's Manual Addendum - This 100+ page saddle-bound book
      shows the differences between the 64 and 128 versions.  You'll use it
      in addition to the regular 2.0 User's Manual.
    : GEOS 128 2.0 Manual Roadmap - A three page pamphlet showing how to use
      the above two books.
    : GEOS User's Manual Errata Information.  A single sheet correcting
      some errors in the above manuals, and supplying additional information.
    : An ad for the LaserDirect printing service.
    : An ad for geoWorld magazine.
    : A Q-link subscription kit.
    : An ad for Q-link.
    : Product registration card.
      and, of course,
    : GEOS 128 2.0.


What's on the disks?

    GEOS 128 2.0 is shipped on three `flippy' 5-1/4" diskettes.  As with GEOS 
64 2.0, there are two boot disks, one of which is intended for backup purposes, 
and a variety of applications, desk accessories, and other GEOS necessities.  
These include:

geoWrite 128 2.1, which is the same as the latest version of geoWrite Workshop 
128.  This is the top-of-the-line version.

geoSpell 128, a powerful spell-checker for geoWrite files, with a supplied 
dictionary claimed to contain over 28,000 words, which can be used in 
conjunction with user-created dictionaries.  Words are added to the user 
dictionary during spell checking.

geoMerge, a form-letter `mail merge' program for geoWrite files.

Text Grabber, a program to convert non-GEOS text files to geoWrite format.  
Supported formats are: FleetSystem 4, PaperClip II, WordWriter 128, and two 
`generic 128' formats.

Preference manager, Pad color manager, Alarm clock, Photo manager, 
Text manager, note pad, and calculator desk accessories, which can be used 
directly from the desktop, or while most applications are running.

geoLaser, for printing geoWrite files on an Apple LaserWriter printer.

geoPaint 128, a much-improved version.

Input drivers for Joystick, and two 1351 mouse drivers.  Note that 64 and 128 
input drivers are not interchangeable, as they load at different addresses.

Over 60 print drivers, including new Double-Strike, Quad Strike, and reduced 
size drivers for some printers.

The Paint Drivers application, which allows you to print GEOS files to disk 
as geoPaint files for further manipulation.

Seven conventional fonts, and four special fonts for the Apple LaserWriter 
laser printer, to be used in conjunction with the geoLaser application.

A group of non-interactive `demos' for geoFile, Fontpack plus, geoPublish, 
Deskpack plus, and geoCalc.  These programs various features of these programs.  
geoPublish seems particularly out of place, since BSW has apparently dropped 
plans to produce an 80-column capable geoPublish 128.

And, of course, the GEOS system files themselves.  The deskTop enhancements 
will be discussed below.  For now, suffice it to say they are even more 
powerful than the enhancements to GEOS 64 2.0


Required/recommended hardware:

  According to the documentation, the following is required:

    : Commodore 128 or 128D computer.
    : compatible monitor.  Note that the geoWrite and geoSpell applications
      included with this version are 80-column only.
    : One 5-1/4" disk drive.
    : the package itself.
    : blank 5-1/4" floppies.

  Additionally, the following is recommended:

    : 1750 or 1764 REU
    : additional disk drives (1541, 1571, and/or 1581)
    : GEOS-supported printer.


Enhancements:

  The desktop has received extensive enhancements.  Many will be familiar to 
GEOS 64 2.0 users, but many others will be a pleasant surprise.  Like GEOS 64 
2.0, the printer icon has been moved to the lower left of the screen, to 
minimize the chance of accidentally dropping a file intended for the printer 
into the garbage.  The last file deleted can be recovered, if no other activity 
has taken place since the deletion.
   As with GEOS 64 2.0, the most useful changes to the desktop are the addition 
of many keyboard shortcuts, which can be used in combination with the desktop 
menu, or with other keyboard shortcuts.


Keyboard shortcuts in common with GEOS 64 2.0 are:

   Any number of files on a disk, from one to all, may be selected for `group' 
processing, so that the same action may be taken on all selected files.
   Run the selected application, duplicate selected file(s), rename selected 
file(s), display info on selected file(s), print the selected file, delete 
selected file(s) (if multiple files are selected for deletion, you will be 
prompted to be sure this was what you wanted), and undo the last deletion.
   Open the disk, close the disk, rename the disk, copy the disk, GEOS validate 
the disk, erase the disk (short format), format the disk (full format), open 
drive A, open drive B, reset all drives, swap drive C with A and open, swap 
drive C with B and open, add a new directory page, delete this directory page 
(if there are files on a directory page to be deleted, you will be prompted to 
confirm the deletion)
   Multi-file processing can be halted with the RUN/STOP key.
   You can also navigate thru the directory and select your input driver from 
the keyboard shortcuts.  Input driver selection was the first keyboard 
shortcut, added with desktop 1.3.  It seems to have been a popular item.

In addition, the following 128-only keyboard shortcuts have been added:

   Copy selected files to drive A, copy selected files to drive B, move 
selected files to border, move selected border files to page, and a complete 
set of commands to move the mouse around the desktop menu, and select options 
from it.

  Another useful 128-only desktop enhancement is file selection from the 
View menus.  You do not need to be displaying the file icons in order to 
select a file for any operation.  In addition, even in this mode, 
clicking an Application Data file will cause GEOS to attempt to load the 
appropriate Application, and bring the data file into it.  While this isn't 
quite the Command Line Interface that some had hoped for, it's a very useful 
item.


  As with GEOS 64 2.0, three drives can be used, although only two can be 
active at once.  The swapping commands mentioned in the keyboard shortcut 
discussion above are used to quickly set which two drives will be active at 
any given moment.  Note that this feature can only be used if you have an 
REU.

  Unlike GEOS 64 2.0, an REU is not required for mixed disks.  In GEOS 64 2.0, 
you must have an REU to have an Application on one type of disk access 
Application Data files on a different type of disk.  This is not the case in 
GEOS 128 2.0


Problems:

 While GEOS supports the 1581 drive for all functions except booting, there 
are a couple of annoying limitations to this support.  First, subdirectories 
are not supported.  Second, while the 1581 in GEOS mode has up to 37 
directory pages of up to eight files each (40 sectors minus two BAM sectors 
minus one border sector), GEOS only supports the first 18, as though the 
drive were a 1541 (20 sectors, minus one BAM sector minus one border sector.) 
This is not likely to be a serious limitation, since GEOS files tend to be 
large, but it can restrict an orderly placement of files on the directory, 
and, in the case of a library of relatively small files, fonts, for instance, 
may result in space being wasted.

 No CONVERT program is included.  While this is not a major problem for 
owners of the original GEOS 128, or any version of GEOS 64, it does mean that, 
at present, someone who has purchased GEOS 128 2.0 as their first and only 
GEOS will be unable to take advantage of the large libraries of Public 
Domain and shareware GEOS files on this and other services.  The Sysops of 
CBMART have contacted Berkeley Softworks about this concern.  It remains 
uncertain what will be done about it.  In the interim, owners of GEOS 128 2.0 
who are without any CONVERT program should get in touch with the Sysops of 
this forum.

 Copy protection continues to be used.



In conclusion:

   GEOS 128 2.0 is a substantial improvement over the original.  The desktop 
enhancements and three-drive support alone would make this product worthwhile.  
geoPaint 128 was long overdue for a refurbishing, and it's gotten an 
impressive one.  The presence of geoWrite 128 2.1 and geoSpell 128, along with 
the ancillary programs make this package a very desirable purchase for any 128 
owner with an interest in GEOS.  Marte Brengle, GEOS enthusiast and Sysop on 
the CBMCOM and CBMPRG forums, has described GEOS 2.0 as `GEOS the way it should 
have been from the start.' That is, I think, a rather nice summation.  While 
work remains to be done, this version blows the original into the weeds even 
more convincingly that GEOS 64 2.0 did to GEOS 64 1.3.

Ed Flinn, CBMART Sysop, 76703,4032


Coming soon - First look at: geoChart.
First look at: geoChart


    geoChart v1.0 by Berkeley Softworks is a powerful tool for creating charts 
with GEOS 64 or 40-column mode GEOS 128.  The charts can be printed or exported 
to other GEOS applications as photo scraps.


What's in the box?

    : An ad for Q-link.
    : An ad for geoWorld.
    : An ad for LaserDirect
    : geoChart User's Manual, 116 pages, perfect-bound.
    : geoChart User's Manual Erratum, a single sheet instructing GEOS 128
      owners on how to use the product.
    : Product registration card.
      and, of course,
    : geoChart.

What's on the disk?

    geoChart is distributed on one `flippy' 5-1/4" diskette.  Side One 
contains geoChart v1.0 and Note pad v2.0.  This note pad is identical to the 
one included on the GEOS 64 2.0 package,  and can be used to create text 
scraps.  It is included in geoChart to serve as a quick and easy editor for 
creating text scraps for input to geoChart.  GEOS 128 2.0 users will prefer to 
use the Note pad that came with that package, although the can use either.
    Side Two contains a non-interactive `demo' for GEOS 2.0.  In the past, GEOS 
product disks usually had their reverse side filled with new printer drivers.  
It appears that BSW is now going to use this space for advertising `demos' 
instead.


Required/recommended hardware/software:

    - Commodore 64 or 128, any model.
    - Compatible monitor.  Note that geoChart is a 40 column-only application.
    - One 5-1/4" drive (1541 or 1571).
    - Blank 5-1/4" floppies.
    - Supported GEOS input device.
    - GEOS 64, 1.2 or later,  or GEOS 128, any version.  Both flavors of GEOS
      2.0 work perfectly with this package.

  Additionally, the following is recommended:

    - Any version of geoWrite, geoCalc and/or geoFile.
    - Additional drives (1541, 1571, or 1581, if supported by your GEOS).
    - GEOS supported printer.


Features:

    geoChart accepts input from text scraps.  Any text scrap-creating program 
may be used to create these scraps.  The Note pad 2.0 Desk Accessory is 
included with geoChart to provide a quick and easy means of creating scraps.  
The User's Manual includes specific instructions for creating scraps for 
geoChart with geoCalc, geoWrite, geoFile, and Note pad 2.0.

    geoChart supports any standard font.  MegaFonts are not supported.  Each 
chart may have multiple fonts, the number depending on what type of chart is 
being worked with.  Sizes up to 24 points are supported.  All the familiar 
`styles' are supported.

    A variety of chart types are supported:
    : Area          - Each set of values is represented as an area.  Areas may
                      be transparent, allowing other areas to show thru, or
                      opaque.  Each set of values receives it's own shading
                      pattern.
    : Bar           - Each value is represented by a horizontal bar.  Each set
                      of values receives it's own shading pattern.
    : Column        - Each value is represented by a vertical bar.  Each set
                      of values receives it's own shading pattern.
    : Line          - Each value is represented by a large shaded point.  Lines
                      connect each set of values.  Points are shaded to show
                      group.
    : Pie           - One set of values is represented as a circle, with each
                      individual value presented as a shaded wedge.
    : Point         - Each value is represented as a large point.  Each set of
                      values receives it's own shading pattern.
    : Scatter Point - Each value is represented as a large point.  Each set of
                      values receives it's own shading pattern.  Labels are
                      removed to permit precise determination of X and Y
                      coordinates.
    : Scatter Line  - Similar to Scatter Point, but with lines connecting the
                      points of each set of values.
    : Unibar        - One set of values is represented as a large bar, with
                      each individual value presented as a shaded rectangle.
                      A sort of rectangular pie chart.

    Text may be edited from within geoChart.  Patterns may be assigned to 
different values.  The background grid may be varied.  A wide variety of chart 
display options are provided.  A variety of number formats are supported, 
including dollar amounts and leading-zero suppression.
    The charts may be printed to any supported GEOS printer, or may copied to a 
photo scrap for import into other GEOS applications.  Printed geoCharts take up 
about 1/8th page.  Photo scraps may be copied in three different sizes, due to 
limitations in the size that certain applications will accept.  Supported sizes 
are for geoWrite, geoPaint, and a full-screen size, which is acceptable to 
geoPublish.  The geoWrite and geoPaint sizes are achieved by reducing the size 
of all elements, rather than by reproducing only a portion of the chart.  The 
geoPaint and geoWrite scraps are displayed when created.


Problems:

    No problems were encountered during my "first look".  It would be 
surprising if the first release of any program of this complexity were truly 
bug-free, and I have no doubt that some problems will surface, but this seems 
to be quite a solid program.

Quibbles:

    It seems cruel to criticize this package for this when it supports so many 
different kinds of charts, but an `exploded' option for the pie charts would 
have been a nice touch.
    While not as complex as geoPublish, a geoChart file can have an awful lot 
of graphic elements.  These are redrawn during many operations, resulting in 
the program being slower than it needs to be.  Some attention to avoiding 
redrawing that which has not changed would be a good thing in a future release.
    An option for manual data entry, and editing, would be appreciated.

In conclusion:

    geoChart is a powerful tool for creating charts.  While it is probably of 
greatest use to geoCalc users, it is appropriate for anyone who wishes to chart 
data from GEOS.  It is capable of producing very professional results.  This 
product was rumored, and later announced, some time ago.  It's good to see that 
the wait has, by and large, been worth it.


Ed Flinn, CBMART Sysop, 76703,4032



          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 14


           move <[s:]pattern> [[[s:]pattern]...] <d:>

               Copies files between drives. As many as eight patterns
               may be given as parameters. If either the source or the
               destination drive is omitted, it is assumed to be the
               default drive. Some examples are:
               
               
               move a:arc c:          - move file "arc" on drive 8,0
                                        to drive 9,0
               
               move a:* b:* c:        - move all files from drives a:
                                        and b: to drive c:
               
               move b:test            - moves file "test" on drive b:
                                        to the default drive
               
               move test b:           - moves file "test" on the
                                        default drive to drive b:
               
               NOTE: MOVE won't handle relative files properly.....yet


           ren [d:]oldname newname

               renames a file named 'oldname' to 'newname' on drive d:


           type [s:]<pattern>

               Simply copies  the contents  of the  file named  to the
          screen. Only  the first  file found  will  be  displayed  if
          wildcards are used.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 15


           >disk command

               This should be a familiar command. It is the universal
               wedge, DOS 5.1, DOS wedge, or whatever you want to call
               it. The only difference is that the command always goes
               to the default device. Assuming that a: is the default
               drive, some examples are:
               
               
               >i1                    - initialize drive 1 (b:)
               
               >c0=1                  - copy drive 1 to drive 0 on
                                        unit 8 (dual drive)
               
               >r1:test=text          - renames "text" to "test"
                                        on drive b:
               
               >$0                    - lists directory of drive a:

               
               >$c:                   - lists directory of drive c:


           size [s:]<filename>

               Counts and displays the number of bytes in a file. If
               the file is a program, you may want to deduct two bytes
               from the length since the load address is included in
               the count.


           start [s:]<filename>

               Prints the load address of a program file.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 16


           2) EDITOR COMMANDS.
          
          
               The editor is primarily intended to edit text files. It
          was designed to be a text editor for use in editing assembly
          language source  files, although  it could  be used to  edit
          BASIC programs  as well.  Find, Change,  and Renum, however,
          will not    recognize  BASIC    tokens  or    line    number
          references,   so you   would  be   better off using POWER or
          SYSRES or some  other editor for BASIC  programs.


           text

               This command  puts the  editor in  text mode. Any upper
               case characters  not in  quotes will be forced to lower
               case, and  basic keywords  will not  be tokenized. When
               listing a  Basic program,  you should  set BASIC  mode,
               because in text mode, BASIC tokens are not expanded.


           basic

               Puts the editor in BASIC mode. Lower case is not
               forced, and basic keywords will be tokenized and
               expanded by LIST.


           auto [increment]

               Turns on automatic line numbering. Auto with no
               increment disables auto.


           cold

               Same as sys 64738 on the 64. (COLD START)

               If you have a reset button on your 64, or if you are
               using a C-128, then you can re-enable ARC by typing:
               SYS 12*4096 after a reset.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 17


           change/from/to/, range

               Changes string from to string to. / can be anything not
               included in from or to. range is a range of line
               numbers having the same syntax as LIST.

               For example:

               change/"//                  deletes all quotes from the
                                           text in RAM

               change/$ffd2/chrout/,2000-  changes all occurences of
                                           "$ffd2" to "chrout" in
                                           lines numbered 2000 or
                                           higher.


           delete range

               Deletes a range of lines from memory. Same syntax as
               BASIC's LIST.

               delete -2000                deletes lines up to and
                                           including line 2000

               delete 3010-4030            delete lines 3010 to 4030
               


           find/string/, range

               Prints lines that contain string


           get[/char] [d:]filename [,startline]

                   Similar  to load,  except the  file is a sequential
               text file.  If startline  is given,  then the  file  is
               appended  wiping   out  any  lines  numbered  equal  to
               startline or higher.

                  Since blank lines and upper-case alphabetics tend to
               disrupt  the  scrolling  of  text,  the  /"  switch  is
               included to allow inclusion of a quotation mark (or any
               other character)  at the  beginning of  each line. This
               allows you to manipulate these types of files in RAM.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 18


           kill

               Disables the editor, scroll, and restores standard
               load/save and other vectors.


           renum <from,start,increment>

               Renumbers lines starting with line from. Any lines
               numbered lower than from are not affected. This command
               should not be used on BASIC programs, as it does not
               attempt to update any GOTO or GOSUB references
               accordingly.


           put <[d:]filename> [,range]

               Stores text from memory to disk. If the file exists it
               will be be deleted before the new copy is transferred
               to disk.


           repeat

               Enables program scroll and repeat on all keys.


           off

               Kills repeat and program scroll.


           old

               Recovers from NEW.


           hex number
           hex $hexnumber

               Converts hex to decimal or visa versa.


           #

               Shorthand for:  renum 1,1000,10




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 19


          
           3) ARC
          
          Creating an Archive.
          

           arc/c      <[d:]arcfile[.arc]> <[s:]pattern> [[s:]pattern]]
           arc/cx     <[d:]arcfile[.arc]> <[s:]pattern> [[s:]pattern]]
          

               Creates an archive on drive d: named "arcfile.arc". As
               many as eight patterns may be given. The possible
               values for x are:
               
                         n - no compression; store only
                         p - pack only
                         s - squeeze only
                         q - squash only
                         c - crunch only (two passes)
                         1 - crunch only (one pass)

                 If you choose option x=1 then part of the information
               that ARC  needs to unarchive the file must be stored at
               the end of the archive entry rather than the beginning.
               In particular,  this is  the files  original length and
               the checksum.

                  Unfortunately, ARC  needs to  know a relative file's
               length when  it is at the start of the archive entry so
               that disk  space can  be properly  allocated. Therefore
               ARC will  not allow  the single  pass crunch option for
               relative files.  If you  do select x=1 when archiving a
               group of  files, any relative files encountered will be
               processed as if you had chosen x=c.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 20


               Some examples:

               arc/c a:sq b:sq.* b:usq.*

                  This example  creates an archive named "sq.arc" on
               drive a: which includes all files from drive b: whose
               names begin with "sq." or "usq."

               arc/cs  a:test.arc f:*

                  Archives all files from drive 10,1 to "test.arc" on
               drive 8,0 and squeezes all entries.

               arc/c seq b:*=s

                  Archives all sequential files on drive b: to
               "seq.arc" on the default drive.

               

               Previous versions  of ARC would allow you to encrypt an
          archive by  specifying a  password when creating an archive.
          Unfortunately,  this  creates  a  number  of  problems  when
          crunching files  and had to be eliminated. Besides, we never
          used it anyway. Did anybody else?




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 21


          Appending to an Existing Archive.


          arc/a[x] <[d:]arcfile[.arc]> <[s:]pattern> [[s:]pattern]]

                   This  command is  exactly the  same as  the  create
               archive command,  and all  of the above examples apply.
               The only  difference is  that  the  archive  file  must
               exist, and the new entries are appended to it.

                   If  the archive  does not  exist, a  file not found
               message is issued and the program aborts.

                  Sometimes  the  number  of  blocks  displayed  on  a
               directory listing  does not  agree with  ARC  after  an
               append. This  is a  bug in Commodore DOS, and should be
               harmless. Oddly  enough, if  you try  to  fix  this  by
               validating the  disk, you  will be  wasting  your  time
               since the directory block count will not be affected.

                   Since  ARC can  handle any archive created by lower
               versions of  ARC, it  is ok  to append  to a  version 1
               archive.

                   You  should exercise some caution when appending to
               archives. Every  archive must be an integer multiple of
               254 bytes  in length.  When transferring  archives  via
               modem using  the XMODEM protocol, files are transferred
               in 128  byte blocks.  If the  file is  not  an  integer
               multiple of  128 bytes  in length,  as the  majority of
               files are  not, XMODEM  "pads" the  file with blanks or
               nulls. Consequently, an extra disk sector gets added to
               the end  of an  archive! It is easy to fix this problem
               by using  a disk doctor program. Simply change the link
               for the second last sector in the archive to (0,255).

                   You  should have  no problem  extracting files from
               XMODEM downloaded  archives, because  ARC  will  ignore
               this XMODEM  padding. BEFORE  YOU APPEND to an archive,
               you should fix this problem, or else the files appended
               to the archive will not be able to be de-archived.

                   We  have added  a new  command to  ARC to  check an
               archive for this type of problem. Simply type:

                         arc/f archname[.arc]

                   ARC  will trace  the  track,sector  links  for  the
               archive and  get rid of the last sector in the archive.
               If the  archive is  ok and the link for the last sector
               is already  (0,255) as  it should  be,  then  ARC  does
               nothing and prints the message:

                   archive is ok.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 22


                  If the archive is bad and the link is anything other
               than (0,255) then ARC will go to the second last sector
               in the  archive and  change its  link to  (0,255). This
               drops the extra sector added by the XMODEM padding. ARC
               won't free  up the  deleted sector,  nor will it adjust
               the directory  block count for the archive. If you need
               the extra  block free, then validate the disk to get it
               back.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 23


               

               Extracting Files from an Archive.


           arc/x[d]     <[d:]archfile[.arc]> [pattern1] [pattern2] ...
          

                   This  command is  used to  extract  files  from  an
               archive. If  no patterns  are specified,  then ARC will
               extract all  files from  the archive. When patterns are
               given, then only those files in the archive which match
               one of the patterns will be extracted.

                   Since  ARC no  longer supports  encryption of  data
               files, it  won't be  able to  handle an encrypted file.
               You will  have to  use a  previous version  of ARC. The
               file will de-archive ok but it will still be encrypted.
               This is  the only  exception to  the rule that ARC will
               handle any  archive created  by any previous version of
               ARC. Just  for the  sake of  completeness, however,  we
               will write  a little external utility which can be used
               to un-encrypt  the file once de-archived and include it
               with later versions of ARC.

                  Some examples:

               arc/x a:sq

                  Extracts all files from "sq.arc" on drive 8,0 and
               puts them on the default directory.

               arc/x a:sq *

                  Same as the above

               arc/xf b:temp.arc

                  Extracts all files from "temp.arc" on drive 8,1 and
               puts them on the diskette in drive f: (10,1)

               arc/e c:book030386 chapter1

                  Extracts only the file 'chapter1' from the archive
               'book030386' on drive c:

                  NOTE:  arc/x and arc/e are synonyms




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 24


          Viewing an Archive Directory.


           arc/l <[d:]archname[.arc]>

                   This  is used  to get  a listing of the files in an
               archive. A  typical archive  directory might  look like
               the following:

               arc/l a:archelp
               
               file archive utility version 2.00
               08/86 ... chris smeets
               directory for archive: a:archelp.arc
               
               ======================================================
               filename      type blks now  v stowage  date
               ======================================================
               xarc.typeme      p 129  41   2 crunched 24aug86
               samples          s 22   9    2 crunched 24aug86
               ================   ==== ====
               2 files            151  50

                  The first two columns give the filename and its type
               (p,s,u or  r). The  next two  columns  give  the  files
               length in  disk blocks before and after compression. If
               the file  was relative,  then you  may not see the same
               number  as  you  would  on  the  directory,  since  the
               relative file's side sectors are not needed by ARC.

                  The column labeled "v" is the version number of the
               archive. At present there are three possible versions.
               "1" refers to archives created by ARC programs numbered
               1.xx and "2" stands for archives created by ARC version
               2.xx. In addition, if you are looking at an MS-DOS
               archive, the version will be "I"(1).

                  The next column gives the compression method used to
               store the file. The last column is only displayed if
               you are using the 80 column version of ARC.


          ____________________
          1. ARC/L should handle any MS-DOS archive created by ARC's
          numbered 5.10 or lower. At present this is the only ARC
          function that supports MS-DOS archives.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 25


               

          Taking a Look at What's in an Archive.


          arc/px/y  <[d:]archname[.arc]> [[pattern1] [pattern2]...]

                   This  is used  to print  the specified  files in an
               archive to  the screen.  Syntax is  similar to that for
               ARC/X, except  the output  is to  screen instead  of to
               disk.

                   The  optional switches  x and  y can  take  on  the
               following values:

                  x=p   Converts from standard ASCII to nonstandard
                        Commodore ascii (PETscii).
               
                  x=a   Converts from PETscii to true ASCII.
               
                  y=p   Sends output to the printer rather than
                        to the screen. Before running ARC, you must
                        set the printers device number and secondary
                        address as follows:
                            POKE 2051,device
                            POKE 2052,secondary address
                        If you don't want to do this every time you
                        run ARC, then SAVE ARC before running it.
                        The default values are device=4 SA=0.


                        For Commodore Printers use  SA=7



          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 26


               

           arc/v <[d:]archname[.arc]> [[pattern1] [pattern2]...]

                   This  is used to verify the contents of an archive.
               ARC calculates  a two byte checksum for each file in an
               archive. The  checksum is calculated using the bytes of
               the original  file before  they are  passed on  to  the
               compression routines.  When you  verify an archive, ARC
               actually   de-compresses   each   archive   entry   and
               calculates a  new checksum using the bytes passed to it
               by the decompressor. Both checksums should be the same.
               If they  do not  match, an  error message  is displayed
               indicating that the archive may have been corrupted due
               to a  disk error  or a transmission error during upload
               or downloading.

                  Again the syntax is the same as that for ARC/X.

                   By  now you  must have noticed that ARC/X ARC/P and
               ARC/V are all minor variations of the same thing.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 27



               


           4) MEMORY MAP

               $033c-$03ff        - cassette buffer. used by ARC
               $0801-$0fff        - not used
               $1000-$4fff        - work space for ARC/C and ARC/X
                                    CRUNCH string table is stored here
               $5000-$7fff        - workspace for ARC and MOVE
                                    commands only. All other commands
                                    leave this area alone.
               $8000-$8fff        - used in 80 column version. (ROM)
               $9000-$97ff        - not used
               $9800-$9fff        - 80 column screen.
                                    Not used in 40 column ARC
               $a000-$bfff        - program area. ARC, MOVE, and DIR
               $c000-$cfff        - program area. Editor commands.
                                    (sys 12*4096 to enable ARC after
                                     a KILL)
               $d000-$ffff        - work space for ARC/C and ARC/X
               

                   You  may notice  that there is a rather significant
               jump in  the amount  of workspace  that ARC needs to do
               its job  from previous  versions  of  ARC  (28K  to  be
               exact). This  is due  to the CRUNCH routines, which are
               rather demanding  in terms  of memory.  If you  have  a
               program in memory when archiving or dearchiving a file,
               then it will almost certainly be clobbered by ARC.

                   When  invoking the ARC command, BASICs pointers are
               not changed in any way by ARC. You may have to type NEW
               before running  a program  after using the ARC command.
               (otherwise you may get an ?out of memory error.)




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 28


          THEORY OF OPERATION

               All methods  of  data  compression  take  advantage  of
          redundancy of  one form or another. Run-length coding is one
          of the  simplest, and   often the most effective techniques.
          Graphics files  often contain  long sequences  of  the  same
          byte. Zeros  for blank  space, or 255's for filled in space.
          Run-length coding  recodes  these long  sequences as shorter
          control sequences. For example, a graphical image  stored in
          RAM   may look  something like  the following if viewed with
          the machine language monitor:

               .:2000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
               .:2008 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff 00
               .:2010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
               .:2018 a0 0b ff ff ff ff ff ff     and so on....

               This could be stored on disk as the sequence:

               fe 00 0a fe ff 05 fe 00 09 a0 0b fe ff 06

               The first  byte ($fe)  is a control character. When the
          unsqueeze routine encounters a one of these it gets the next
          two  characters   and     interprets  them  as  a  character
          identifier and  a count.  Thus the  first 3 byte sequence is
          interpreted as 10 zeros, the next 3 byte sequence  as 5 ff's
          and so  on.   When a character is not repeated, it is simply
          coded directly  to the output file. (the $a0 at $2018 above)
          And so the above is  squeezed from  32 bytes down to 14.

                Database  programs often sacrifice disk space in order
          to gain  speed. Relative  files, for  instance, store  their
          data at  the beginning  of each  record, and  pad the record
          with zeros.  Since every  record is the same length, the DOS
          can easily  calculate where  each  record  starts  and  thus
          randomly skip  to any  record in  the file. THE MANAGER, and
          other database  programs pad  their records  with spaces. In
          either case there is a great deal of space to be gained when
          packing this type of file. We have seen some DBASE III files
          in excess  of  1  megabyte  'crunch'  down  to  only  50,000
          characters or so. Most of this is due to packing.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 29


                There  is one slight problem with this method. Suppose
          you are  using   a zero-byte  as the control character. If a
          sequence of only one zero is encountered, you cannot code it
          to the output file since it will be interpreted as a control
          character. You  must send  a three  byte control sequence to
          code the  single zero.   An  example of  this  would  be  as
          follows:

               .:0801 06 08 01 00 8f 00 0c 08
               .:0809 02 00 8f 00 12 08 03 00
               .:0811 8f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00      and so on....

               This would be stored on disk as the sequence:

               06 08 01 00 00 01 8f 00 00 01 0c 08 02 00 00 01
               8f 00 00 01 12 08 03 00 00 01 8f 00 00 07 .....

               We went from 24 bytes to 30! Not much of a savings.

               It  is  because  of  this  problem  with  packing  that
          squeezed files  are occasionally shorter than their squashed
          equivalent.







          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 30


               Huffman coding is somewhat more complex. It is probably
          the most  elegant of  all the  compression methods  used and
          certainly the  most common.  It takes  advantage of the fact
          that some  characters are  used more  often than  others  in
          most files.  Text files  contain   many spaces, and  letters
          like a,e or c are much more common than x, z, or q. Graphics
          files contain  many zeros  or  $ff's  and  machine  language
          programs tend  to contain more LDA's and STA's than EOR's or
          ROR's.

               Suppose now  that a file contains only the characters a
          through z.  Since there  are only 26 characters used, a five
          bit binary  number, which  can take  on 32  possible values,
          would be  more than adequate to represent each character. We
          could assign  a five  bit number to each of the characters a
          to z and gain 3 bits per character or 37.5%

               Huffman coding takes this one step further.

               Suppose also  that some  of the  characters occur  much
          more often  in the  file than  do others. We could gain even
          more space  if  the  frequently  occurring  characters  were
          assigned codes  less than  five  bits  long,  and  the  less
          frequently occurring  characters were  assigned  codes  that
          were five or more bits long. The Huffman algorithm does just
          that.

               The   Huffman  algorithm converts fixed length codes (8
          bit characters) into codes whose length in bits is inversely
          proportional to their probability  of occurrence in the data
          file.   For example, suppose your data file looked something
          like this:




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 31


               

                                  abracadabra

                                        

               The character frequency distribution is as follows:

               

                                            total bits  total bits
          character frequency  huffman code unsqueezed   squeezed
          --------- ---------  ------------ ----------  -----------
             a        5          0          8 * 5 = 40  1 * 5 = 5
             b        2          10         8 * 2 = 16  2 * 2 = 4
             r        2          111        8 * 2 = 16  3 * 2 = 6
             c        1          1100       8 * 1 =  8  4 * 1 = 4
             d        1          1101       8 * 1 =  8  4 * 1 = 4
          all others  0                     ----------  ----------
                              totals:               88         23

               We could represent this information as a binary tree:

                                           c
                                          /
                                a    b   /---- d
                               /    /   /
                           root  --- --- --- r

               To get  the Huffman  code we  code a 0 bit each time we
          traverse a  branch to  the left,  and a  1 bit  each time we
          traverse a branch to the right. Thus the codes are generated
          as in  the table  above and  every character  gets a  unique
          code. The  decompressor simply starts at the root, reads the
          squeezed file  one bit at a time, and moves through the tree
          until  it  reaches  a  terminal  node  and  then  sends  the
          character in that position to the output file.

               The  most  frequently  occurring  characters  are  kept
          closest to  the root and thus have shorter codes. Those with
          lower frequencies  of occurrence  are kept  further away and
          get longer  codes. The   result  is often  a  file  that  is
          significantly shorter  than the original.

               When all  bytes occur  with  about the same  frequency,
          as in  machine language  program files,   then all the codes
          are about the same length and not much is  gained.  In fact,
          since the    de-coding    information  (the  tree)  must  be
          included   in the   output   file, the  result can  often be
          longer, particularly  on short  files.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 32


               For those  of you that are interested in statistics, we
          have included a small utility program with ARC that analyzes
          the frequency  distribution of  the  bytes  in  a  file  and
          graphically displays  the results. On the top portion of the
          screen you  will see the frequency distribution of the bytes
          in  the   file.  On  the  bottom  portion  is  a  bar  graph
          representing the  lengths of  the Huffman codes generated by
          the squeeze algorithm. A huffman code can be anywhere from 0
          to 24  bits in  length. Each  bit in  the  Huffman  code  is
          represented by two pixels on the graphics screen. To run the
          utility you must have ARC in memory and type:

               a:analyze [d:]filename

               The program  will then  read through  'd:filename'  and
          display a frequency distribution for the file.

               

               But how  do we  come up  with the  best tree  to use to
          generate the  Huffman codes? If you sit down and think about
          it you  will realize  that even  if only a dozen or so bytes
          are used, the number of possible trees is quite large.

                Huffman  squeezing gets it name from the man that came
          up with  a solution  to this  problem. We  actually tried to
          figure it  out for  ourselves and  ended up utterly confused
          until we  came across Huffman's article(2). Huffman makes it
          look simple.

               Lets go back to our previous example of "abracadabra".

               We start out with the following frequency distribution:

                      character      frequency
                      ---------      ---------
                          a              5
                          b              2
                          r              2
                          c              1
                          d              1

               We start  by picking off the two lowest frequencies and
          forming a  partial tree with them. In this case "c" and "d".
          This gives us a new table:


          ____________________
          2. Huffman, D.A., "A METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MINIMUM
          REDUNDANCY CODES", Proc. IRE, 40(9), 1098-1101(1952)




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 33


                      character      frequency
                      ---------      ---------
                          a              5
                          b              2
                          r              2
                         c,d             2

               And we have a partial tree:

                                 d
                                /
                             root - c
               
               Now we  repeat the  procedure. This  time, however,  we
          have more  than one  choice. We could choose "b" and "r", or
          "b" and "c,d" or "r" and "c,d". As far as the resulting file
          is concerned,  it makes  no difference  which one we choose.
          The squeezed  files length  will be the same! Lets do it two
          different ways just to see what happens.

               character  frequency      character  frequency
               ---------  ---------      ---------  ---------
                   a          5              a          5
                  b,r         4            c,d,r        4
                  c,d         2              b          2

               Which gives:

                  b           c                  r  d
                 /           /                  /  /
              root - r    root - d          root - - c
          
               

               And again:

               

               character  frequency      character  frequency
               ---------  ---------      ---------  ---------
                c,d,b,r       6           c,d,b,r       6
                   a          5              a          5

               Which gives:

                          d
                         /
                        /--c
                       /
                      /   b      or:            b  r  d
                     /   /                     /  /  /
                 root -- - r              root - - - - c




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 34


               And finally we combine these to get:

               

                            d
                           /
                          /--c
                         /
                    a   /   b      or:           a  b  r  d
                   /   /   /                    /  /  /  /
               root - - - - -r              root - - - - - c
               

               

               We end up with the following tables:

              character  frequency        code1     code2
              ---------  ---------        -----     -----
                  a          5            0         0
                  b          2            110       10
                  r          2            111       110
                  c          1            101       1111
                  d          1            100       1110

               

               If you multiply the code length times the frequency for
          each character  and sum  the results, you will get the files
          squeezed length  in bits.  You will find that it is the same
          in both  cases. ARC  will, however, always choose the option
          which results  in the shortest code lengths. ARC only allows
          a maximum code length of 24 bits. Note also that there are a
          total of only 13 bits on the left, but 14 on the right. This
          also makes  the length  of the encoding table a bit shorter.
          No pun intended.

               Since we  are building  the codes two groups at a time,
          the time  that it  takes to  generate the  codes is directly
          proportional to  the number  of entries  in the table. After
          ARC finishes  its analyze pass, you will notice a delay of a
          second or  two before  ARC actually starts squeezing a file.
          For text  files, the  delay is short because the table isn't
          very  long.  For  programs,  however,  the  delay  is  quite
          noticeable because  all 256 possible byte values are usually
          used.

               

               Trees are an excellent tool to understanding the theory
          behind Huffman squeezing. Oddly enough, ARC doesn't use this
          concept to any advantage at all.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 35


               

               Lempel-Zev-Welch(3), or  LZW  compression  is  used  to
          'crunch' files.  It is  really quite amazing since it almost
          always is chosen as the most efficient compressor and can be
          performed 'on  the fly'  without first  having to  analyze a
          files contents.  It takes advantage of the fact that certain
          sequences of  bytes occur  more often than others in typical
          data files.

               For example,  in an  ascii listing  of a BASIC program,
          the BASIC keywords, INPUT, GOTO, GOSUB and others occur with
          abundance. In  this document,  words like "ARC", "compress",
          "squeeze", or  characters sequences  like ". " or ", " occur
          quite often.  If we  could replace these character sequences
          with shorter  codes, we  would end  up with a shorter output
          file. When  you enter  a  line  of  BASIC  code,  the  BASIC
          interpreter does  just that  by looking  to see  if  any  of
          keywords in  the line  occur in  its keyword table. ARC does
          something similar,  but  prepares  the  keyword  table  from
          scratch for each file it crunches.

               The LZW algorithm reads the input file sequentially and
          remembers  sequences   of  characters   that  have  occurred
          previously in  the file  and replaces subsequent occurrences
          with shorter  codes. It prepares a 'string table' as it goes
          through the file which is used to generate the codes. Again,
          we could  think of the string table as a tree, but this time
          it is  a much more complicated tree since each node can have
          as many as 256 branches!

               Lets take a simplified example.

               Suppose that the alphabet consisted only of the letters
          a,b, and c and our file is "abababacababaa".

               We start  by assigning  a code  to each  letter in  our

          alphabet. Thus a=1 b=2 and c=3.

               The first  character we  encounter is  an "a". It is in
          the string  table, so we save the "a" as a prefix string and
          get another  character which we call the extension. The next
          character is  a "b", so we now have the sequence "ab", which
          is  not   in  the   string  table.   Whenever  the   current
          prefix+extension string  we have  in memory  is not  in  the
          string table,  we do  three things. We send the code for the
          prefix to  the output  file, add the prefix+extension string
          to our  string table, and make the extension the new prefix.
          Thus we  code out a "1" and set the prefix equal to "2", the
          code for "b" and add "ab" to the string table as code 4.

          ____________________
          3. Welch, Terry A., "A TECHNIQUE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE DATA
          COMPRESSION", IEEE COMPUTER, June 1984.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 36


                We  now have  "b" as  the prefix, and read in the next
          character from the input file as our new extension. The next
          character is  an "a". "ba" is not in the string table, so we
          code out  the "b",  add "ba"=5 to the string table, and make
          "a" the new prefix.

               Now is  when it  starts to get interesting. We now have
          "a" as  the prefix  and read  in "b"  as the next extension.
          This time  "ab" is  in the string table, so we make the code
          for "ab"  the new prefix and get another extension. The next
          character is  an "a", "aba" is not in the string table so we
          send the  prefix code  "ab"=4 to  the output  file  and  add
          "aba"=6 to  our string  table. Next  time we  encounter  the
          sequence "aba",  we'll only  have to  send one  code in  the
          place of three characters!

               The prefix  is now  "a". We get the next character "b".
          "ab" is  in the  string table,  so we make "ab"=4 the prefix
          and get  another character.  This time  its an "a". "aba" is
          also in  the string  table, so we we make "aba"=6 our prefix
          and get  another extension.  This time its a "c", so we code
          out the prefix 6 and make "c" the new prefix.

               At this point our string table looks like this:

                    string   code     prefix+extension
                    ------   ----     ----------------
                      a       1       
                      b       2       
                      c       3       
                      ab      4       1+2
                      ba      5       2+1
                      aba     6       4+1
                      abac    7       6+1

                Or if you prefer trees:

                
                
                       a=1 - b=4 - a=6 - c=7
                     /
                root - b=2 - a=5
                     \
                       c=3
                

               This goes  on until  the string table is full. If there
          is enough  repetition in  the input  file, long sequences of
          characters can  be replaced  by short  9-12  bit  codes  and
          significant savings can be achieved.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 37


               ARC starts  out by initializing its string table to 256
          entries; the byte values 0 to 255. Since the first 256 codes
          generated will  take on  values between 256 and 511, we only
          need nine  bits for  the first 256 codes. The next 512 codes
          will be  between 512  and 1023,  so we only need 10 bits for
          the next  512 codes. The size of the code keeps growing like
          this until  it reaches 12 bits and the string table is full.
          This  significantly  improves  the  compression  ratio  when
          crunching small files.

               Once the  string table  is  full,  if  a  character  is
          encountered for  the first  time, it will have to be sent to
          the output  file as a 12 bit code; a 50% loss! We have found
          that the  string table  usually fills  up at about 60-70 CBM
          disk blocks  for text, and at about 40 for machine language.
          You may notice that ML programs of 40 blocks or less usually
          crunch, wheras  longer ML  programs tend  to be squashed. If
          you are  crunching text  files,  the  compression  ratio  is
          usually about  2.00. Once  the string table has become full,
          the compression  ratio will  start to  diminish  because  of
          this.

               ARC reserves  two codes  when it  crunches a file. Code
          256 is  reserved to  indicate  the  end  of  file.  This  is
          necessary since  ARC doesn't know a files length until after
          it has  been archived  using the  single pass crunch option.
          Code 257  is reserved for future versions of ARC, which will
          use it  as a  signal to  tell the  decompressor to reset the
          string table  once the  compression ratio starts to fall off
          on large files.

               Another amazing  thing about crunching is the fact that
          it is  not very  efficient!   No attempt is made to find the
          most often occuring character sequences in the file. The LZW
          approach simply  takes things  as they come. A long and very
          infrequently occuring  character sequence could be taking up
          valuable space  in the  string table,  when other frequently
          occurring sequences  have to  be coded  as individual  codes
          once the table is full. When a file is very long, the string
          table may  have given  a good  compression  ratio  near  the
          beginning of  the file  but the  string table  may no longer
          reflect the files characteristics near the end of the file.

               Despite  the  fact  that  crunching  gives  quite  good
          compression ratios,  there is  lots of room for improvement.
          We could be more selective about the strings we allow in the
          table,  we   could  purge   the   table   periodically   for
          infrequently used  codes, or  we could  simply use  a larger
          string table.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 38


                Archive File Format

                Each archive entry consists of a short header followed
          by the compressed file. If the file is squeezed or squashed,
          the Huffman encoding table appears immediately following the
          header and before the file data. The archive header consists
          of the following bytes:

                  offset  length     description
                  ------  ------     -----------
                    0       1        version  1 for ARC 1.xx
                                              2 for ARC 2.xx
                    1       1        storage. 0=store  1=pack
                                              2=squeez 3=crunch
                                              4=squash 5=1 pass crunch
                    2       2        checksum lo,hi
                    4       3        original length-(bytes) lo,mid,hi
                    7       2        squeezed length-(blocks) lo,hi
                    9       1        file type. s,p,u or r
                   10       1        length of filename
                   11       n        filename

                The following additional bytes occur if version is 2
                or higher.

                   11+n     1        record length if relative file.
                                            (254 otherwise)
                   11+n+1   2        date in MS-DOS format.
                
                                          bits: 0-4 = day
                                                5-8 = month
                                                9-15= year-1980

                The file data follows starting at offset 11+n+2.

                If the  file is  stored,  then  a  copy  of  the  file
          follows. The  number of  bytes are  specified at offset 4 in
          the header.

                If the  file is  packed, then  ARCs numbered 1.xx will
          choose the  byte which occurs least often in the file as the
          control character.  ARCs numbered 2.xx always use 254 as the
          control character. The control character is stored at offset
          11+n+2 in  the header  and is followed by the packed file. A
          control sequence  is <control  char> <count>  <character  to
          repeat>. Count  can be  between 3 and 256, with 0 being 256.
          ARCs numbered less than 2.00 had a bug in the pack routines.
          To compensate  for this  bug, a  count  of  zero  should  be
          replaced by  a count  of 255,  and  the  file  will  un-pack
          properly. This  bug has been corrected in ARCs numbered 2.00
          or higher.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 39


                If the file is squeezed, squashed or crunched, then it
          must be  read one bit at a time from here on in. ARC fills a
          byte from right to left, so the bits will appear differently
          if you  look at  them with  a disk  doctor, but  this is the
          order in which they are written to the file.

                Squeezed file encoding table.

                L0 C0 L1 C1 L2 C2 ... L255 C255

                Since each code can be as long as 24 bits, each length
          is 5  bits long.  Thus L0  is the length of the Huffman code
          for ascii  0, and  C0 is  the actual Huffman code. The total
          length of the encoding table is then:

                (5 * 256) + sum(code lengths)  ...   in bits

                If an ascii value does not occur in the file, its code
          length will  be zero  and the bit immediately following will
          be the length for the next ascii value. This is why when you
          squeeze a  text file,  there are  alot  of  zeros  near  the
          beginning of  the archive  entry. There  are alot  of unused
          ascii values.

                Immediately following  the last  BIT of  the  encoding
          table is the actual file represented by its Huffman codes.

                When unsqueezing  a file, ARC reads in the lengths and
          codes and  inserts them  into tables  so  that  they  remain
          sorted on the code length. If our tree was:

                        e  m p a
                       /  / / /
                   root - - - - r
                
                The tables  would look  like this after reading in the
          encoding table.

                ascii  length code
                -----  ------ ----
                 e      1     00000000 00000000 00000000
                 m      2     00000000 00000000 00000010
                 p      3     00000000 00000000 00000110
                 a      4     00000000 00000000 00001110
                 r      4     00000000 00000000 00001111

                The word "ampere" would be stored on disk as:

                1110 10 110 0 1111 0




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 40


                To read in a Huffman code, reset your test code to all
          zeros, start at the beginning of the table, and shift in one
          bit at a time from the squeezed file into the test code. The
          Huffman input routine would be something like this:

                    test   = 00000000 00000000 00000000
                    offset = 0
                1.0 shift bit into test
                1.1 if length(offset) < length of test then error
                                                   (can't happen)
                    if length(offset) > length of test then 1.0
                    if test=code(offset) then output ascii(offset)
                                                     and exit
                    offset=offset+1
                    if offset > number of codes then error
                                                   (can't happen)
                    goto 1.1
                
                The routine works because no code can be a substring
          of another code. That is, if one of the codes is "01" then
          any other code starting with the bit sequence "01" cannot
          occur.
                
                This isn't the most efficient way to do it, but it
          works! When a Huffman code that has the maximum length comes
          in, the routine has to test each and every one of the codes
          in the table! However, the most frequently occuring
          characters in the file will occur near the beginning of the
          table, so it isn't all that bad.

                When un-squashing a file, you proceed exactly the same
          way, except once you unsqueeze it you have to un-pack it as
          well. The control character for packing is always $fe in
          squashed or crunched files.

                After the  header, the  crunched  file  appears  as  a
          sequence of codes. The codes are originally 9 bits in length
          and grow  to a  length of 12 bits. The special reserved code
          of 256  appears as  the end  of file marker. Files that have
          been crunched  in one  pass are identical to files that have
          been crunched  in two  passes, except  that the files length
          and checksum will appear to be zero in the header for 1 pass
          crunched files.  If the  file was crunched in one pass, then
          the original  length and  checksum follow  the end  of  file
          marker.






    **  Preliminary Instructions  **
                  For
             D U A L  L O G
                   By
            Steve $ Shubitz
              [75125,233]


This program is for use on the 4040
drive or it's dual drive eqivalent. It
is public domain and was originally
wriiten for the PET by an unknown
person. Dual Log is Public Domain and
may not be sold. This program is
designed to keep track of what disks
contain a certain file,disk ID's in use
and the ability to "crunch" your disk
collection.

Please start by Headering a new disk
and then copy Dual Log to this disk
under any name you wish. This disk
should be dicated to Dual Log and not
have any other programs on it. Next
just insert the disk in drive 0 (that's
zero) and Load"DUAL LOG",8. For this
program to work properly all file names
should be in uppercase only and disks
with "funny" directories should be
avoided.

You will know see the first of two
menues. If you select (1) you should
insert the disk to be logged in drive 1
and follow the prompts. The index file
and master file will be written to
drive 0. If you select (3) you may step
through all the disks on file by
	tering "*" at the Enter Disk Name
prompt. If you  select (4) and you are
looking for a program by the name of
"MR T'S SUPPORT" when you are prompted
for the file name to search for you
would enter: MR T'S SUPPORT* . This
rule applies whenever you search even
if you know the exact file name you
must add a "*" as the last character.

If you select (5) from the first menu
you will then see the second menu. If
you select (1) printing will start as
soon as you enter 1. Any key will halt
it and then any key wil	resume it. If
you enter "Q" that will quit this mode.
This same group of rules applies to any
area of the program where you are
printing or have selected a screen
display in lieu of printing.

Here are some ideas you may wish to
use. I only log games that can be
transfered to a disk and the file names
are all visable and in UPPER CASE with
no graphic symbols. This program uses
"seq" files so searches can take some
time. Because of this I don't log all
my disks. Maybe just the 10 or 20 disk
that you normal	 use on a normal
basis. I found manny duplications so I
scratched a number of files. Manny
games and programs became obsolete in
this process. If this program is used
properly you should be able to locate
any file, avoid the use of the same ID
number on two different disks,print
your directories (sorted) and maxamize
disk space.


          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 41


          
          What Makes ARC Tick?

               The following  psuedo-code should  make it fairly clear
          as to  what ARC  is doing  when creating  or  extracting  an
          archive.  We  get  alot  of  questions  along  these  lines.
          Hopefully this section will answer some of them.

               But first  we'll define some of the terminology we will
          be using.

               The general format for the ARC command is:

                 ARC/XY/Z D:ARCNAME D:PARM1 D:PARM2 .....

               The command  line is  the command  that you typed in to
          get ARC  going. It  is simply  a series of character strings
          separated by  spaces. The  first  character  string  on  the
          command line,  ARC/XY, is of course the command. X and Y are
          called switches.  We'll call X switch one, Y switch two, and
          Z switch 3.

               The remaining  strings on  the command  line are called
          parameters. Thus D:ARCHNAME is parameter number one, D:PARM1
          is parameter  number two and so on. ARC allows for a maximum
          of ten  parameters (0-9) including the command itself, which
          is parameter number zero.

               Note that spaces are not allowed within a parameter, as
          ARC will interpret this as being two separate parameters. If
          you want  to specify  a file named "ONE TWO THREE", then you
          can do  one of  two  things.  You  could  specify  it  using
          wildcards as  "ONE?TWO?THREE",  or  you  could  use  shifted
          spaces instead  of spaces  in the  filename; ARC will change
          them to spaces and get the correct file.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 42


               When you hit RETURN, ARC does the following:

               
               
               GET switch 1
               
               TEST switch 1 for valid character... A,C,F,L,P or V
               IF   switch 1 is invalid then abort.
               
               GET  parameter 1
               IF   no parameter 1 THEN
                    abort.
               ELSE
                    add .arc extension to parameter 1 if req'd
                    IF   switch 1 is A or C THEN
                         open archive for write
                    ELSE
                         open archive for read
                    ENDIF
               ENDIF
               
               
               IF  switch 1 is an A or a C   then create archive.
               IF  switch 1 is an X, P, or V then extract archive.
               IF  switch 1 is an L          then archive directory.
               IF  switch 1 is an F          then fix XMODEM padding.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 43


               CREATE ARCHIVE

               WHILE still more parameters (2,3,4,...9)
               
                     Make a directory name ($d:xxxx) out of the
                      parameter and load the directory into RAM.
               
                     FOR  each filename in the directory
                          1) analyze the file
                          2) compress the file using
                             the best compressor.
                     NEXT file
               
                     NEXT parameter
               
               ENDWHILE
               
               Close archive
               STOP




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 44


               
               
               
               Analyze the File.
               
               OPEN the file to be analyzed for read.
               
               SET  stored, packed, squeezed, squashed, and crunched
                    lengths to zero.
               SET  the checksum to zero.
               SET  the squeeze and squash frequency distributions
                    to zero.
               
               FOR  each byte in the file.
                    Increment the stored (original) length.
                    Adjust the checksum.
                    Adjust the squeeze frequency distribution.
                    IF output required for PACK THEN
                       Increment the packed files length.
                       Adjust the squash frequency distribution.
                       IF output required for CRUNCH THEN
                          Adjust the crunched files length.
               NEXT byte
               
               CLOSE input file
               
               Generate the squeeze Huffman codes and calculate
                        the squeezed file length as
                        sum(code length * frequency)+header
               Generate the squash  Huffman codes and calculate
                        the squashed file length as
                        sum(code length * frequency)+header
               
               Calculate which is the shortest length.
                        store, pack, squeeze, squash, or crunch.
               
               DONE analyzing the file.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 45


               
               
               
               Compress the file.
               
               Write the file header.
               
               If the file is packed then write the control character.
                  (always 254 for version 2.xx) Version 1.xx selects
                  the byte which occurs least often in the input file
                  as the control character.
               
               If the file is squeezed or squashed then write the
                  appropriate Huffman encoding table.
               
               OPEN the file to be compressed.
               
               FOR  each byte in the file.
                    GET the byte.
                    Compress the byte using selected method.
               NEXT byte
               
               CLOSE the input file.
               
               IF   crunching file then send end of file marker.
               IF   crunching in one pass then also send original
                    length and checksum. (both of which are not
                    known until now)
               
               
               DONE compressing file. Padd the compressed length to an
                    even multiple of 254 bytes and exit subroutine.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 46


               EXTRACT ARCHIVE
               
               Archive is open for read, so:
               
               WHILE NOT end of file
                     GET  header for this entry.
                     IF   no header, or error in header THEN abort.
                     IF   length of this block is < 254  THEN abort.
                              (this will ignore any XMODEM padding)
               
                     IF name in header matches any parameter 2-9 THEN
                          CALL extract file subroutine
                     ELSE
                          get number of blocks to skip from header
                          and skip that many blocks.
                     ENDIF
               
                     IF header checksum=new checksum THEN
                          PRINT "ok."
                     ELSE
                          PRINT "checksum error."
                     ENDIF
               
               ENDWHILE
               DONE extracting archive.
               
               EXTRACT FILE...Subroutine for EXTRACT ARCHIVE
               
               IF switch 1 is X THEN open file for write
               GET file's original length from archive header
               SET new checksum to zero
               
               WHILE original length > 0 DO
                    DEcompress a byte
                    ADJUST new checksum
               
                    IF switch 1 is X THEN write byte to output file
               
                    IF switch 1 is P THEN
                       IF switch 2 is P THEN convert ascii to petscii
                       IF switch 2 is A THEN convert petscii to ascii
                       IF switch 3 is P THEN
                          output to printer
                       ELSE
                          output to screen
                       ENDIF
                    ENDIF
                    DECrement original length
               END WHILE
               IF file open for write THEN close it
               RETURN from subroutine




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 47


               
               
               FIX XMODEM PADDING
               
               
               Archive is open for read, so we know it exists.
               Close the archive.
               
               GET track,sector where archive starts from the
                   directory.
               
               GET track,sector
               IF  track link <> 0 THEN
                   GET track,sector=link
               ELSE
                   We're at the last block of the file so:
                   IF sector link = 255 THEN
                      PRINT "archive is ok."
                   ELSE
                      GET previous track,sector and change
                          link to 0,255
                      PRINT "archive has been repaired."
                   ENDIF
               ENDIF
               
               DONE fixing archive.




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 48


               
               
               
               ARC TRICKS AND TIPS.

          1) Manipulating Archives.
          
               If you were to use a disk doctor to look at an archive,
          you would  notice that  every file  in the archive begins at
          the beginning  of a CBM disk sector and ends at the end of a
          sector. This  fact can  be used to advantage, and will be in
          future ARCs, in a number of ways.

               First of  all, it makes it possible to break an archive
          up into  a number of smaller archives simply by manipulating
          the directory  and a few track,sector links. Since it is not
          necessary to move any data, this should be a relatively fast
          proceedure. You  could split  an archive  in two with a disk
          doctor as follows:

               1) create a dummy file on the same disk as the archive.
               2) scratch the dummy file.
               3) locate the archive and follow the sector links until
                  you see the filename of the archive entry which is
                  to be the first filename in the second archive.
               4) jot down the track and sector you are looking at.
               5) backup to the previous sector and change the link
                  to 0,255
               6) get back to the directory and locate the dummy
                  file from (1)
               7) change the filetype from (6) to program (130)
               8) change the track,sector to the ones you jotted
                  down in (4)
               
               You now have two separate archives. The block count for
          these files will not be correct in the directory, and should
          be fixed, but no errors should arise if they are not.
               
               A similar proceedure could be used to delete an archive
          entry. Simply manipulate the sector links to point around
          the entry to be deleted and then validate the disk.

               You could also re-arrange the order of the archive
          entries in an archive, append one archive to another,
          transfer an archive entry to another archive and so on and
          so forth... All of this could be done without having to move
          a single byte of data!




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 49


               

          2) Random Access Archives.

               An archive  could be  made random access in each of two
          ways.

               The first  method would  be to  follow the track,sector
          links and read the number of CBM disk blocks in each archive
          entry. This  information could  then be  used  to  calculate
          where each archive entry begins.

               A second  method would  be to  convert the archive to a
          relative  file.   Simply  create   the  archive   by  normal
          proceedures, and  then use  ARC to  archive the  archive you
          just created.  Now load  and run  your favorite  disk sector
          editor and  view the  first sector  of the  archive  of  the
          archive. Change  the file's  type to "R" for RELative in the
          archive header.  (You will  see the  filetype as  a "P"  two
          bytes before  the filename)  Now  all  you  have  to  do  is
          unarchive it  and it will become a relative file with record
          length 254 and can be accessed randomly.

               But  why   would  you  want  a  random  access  archive
          anyway???

               We plan to write a simple un-squash routine that can be
          accessed as  a subroutine  by a  BASIC or  Machine  Language
          programmer. Unfortuneately  the CRUNCH  routines  require  a
          great deal of workspace (about 28K) and would not be of much
          use to  most applications.  However, a  small routine  could
          reside inside  about  2K  bytes  which  would  un-pack,  un-
          squeeze, or un-squash an archive.

               If your application requires a large number of graphics
          screens, or  a great  deal of  text you  could cram at least
          twice as  much information  on a  disk using  random  access
          archives!




          ARC VERSION 2.20                                   PAGE - 50


          Choosing the Compressor Manually

               ARC now lets you choose the method of storage yourself.
          The most  useful option  is when you opt to crunch all files
          in a  single pass.  If disk storage is a consideration, then
          the following  rules of  thumb can be used to decide when to
          choose this option and when to avoid it.

               If you  let ARC  choose the  most efficient compressor,
          then you will find that:

               1) Text files almost always CRUNCH.
               2) Word Pro or Paperclip files almost always CRUNCH.
               3) BASIC programs almost always CRUNCH.
               4) Machine language programs less than 40 blocks will
                  usually CRUNCH and sometimes SQUASH.
               5) Larger ML programs usually SQUASH and occasionally
                  SQUEEZE or PACK.
               6) Graphics images either CRUNCH or SQUASH (50:50)
                  and occasionally PACK
               
               At present  there is  no version  of ARC  for Commodore
          computers other  than the  64. Eventually  there will  be at
          least a  program that will extract archives on a PET, VIC or
          what have you. The CRUNCH routines require a large amount of
          RAM memory  (about 32K  or more),  so if  you are  archiving
          material for a PET or VIC or any other machine that has less
          than 32K RAM, you should avoid CRUNCHing files.




            INTRODUCTION                                               2
                Freeware                                               2
                Disclaimer                                             4
                Updates                                                5
                Version numbers                                        6
                Bugs in ARC                                            7
                Intro to ARC                                           8
                Drive letters                                         10
            General DOS commands                                      12
                Set default drive                                     12
                Execute program                                       12
                Set date                                              12
                Viewing a disk directory                              13
                Scratching files                                      13
                Moving files between drives                           14
                Renaming files                                        14
                Viewing a file's contents                             14
                DOS wedge                                             15
                Size                                                  15
                Start                                                 15
            editor commands.                                          16
                selecting text or BASIC mode.                         16
                Automatic line numbering                              16
                RESET the computer.                                   16
                Change                                                17
                Delete lines                                          17
                Find text                                             17
                Load sequential file                                  17
                Disable ARC                                           18
                Renumber lines                                        18
                Save Sequential file                                  18
                Repeat/Off                                            18
                Un-NEW                                                18
                Hex to Decimal conversions                            18
            ARC                                                       19
                Creating Archives                                     19
                Appending to existing archives                        21
                Notes on XMODEM                                       21
                Extracting files from an archive                      23
                Archive directories                                   24
                Typing a file in an archive                           25
                Printer setup                                         25
                Verifying an archive                                  26
            MEMORY MAP                                                27
            THEORY OF OPERATION                                       28
                Run length coding (packing)                           28
                Huffman coding (squeezing)                            30
                Squeeze example                                       32
                Lempel Zev Compression (crunching)                    35
                Crunch example                                        35
            Archive file format                                       38
                The header                                            38
                Stored Files                                          38
                Packed Files                                          38
                Squeezed or Squashed Files                            39
                Crunched Files                                        40
            ARC Program Flow                                          41
                ARC                                                   42
                Create archive                                        43
                Analyze the file                                      44
                Compress the file                                     45
                Extract the archive                                   46
                Extract a file                                        46
                Fix XMODEM padding                                    47
            ARC TRICKS AND TIPS                                       48
                Manipulating archives                                 48
                Random access archives                                49
                Choosing the compressor manually                      50






                               6485 DOCS (V3.8)

NOTE: THESE DOCS DO NOT DOCUMENT SOME NEWER FEATURES ADDED TO V3.8.

The 6485 BBS V3.8 is a 300/1200 baud BBS for a C-64, that can run with
one drive and still have the following features:

     *  Controlled access, with up to 100 validated users having separate
        passwords, and no BBS files on disk.
     *  Single- and Multi-File transfers, (New Punter Protocol), compatible
        with comm-term 2.7 and up.

By adding several short files on drive 8, you can also have:

     *  Custom screens.
     *  Message base with up to 4 sub-boards, numbered messages with date &
        time, message scan, and forward or reverse read.  User access is
        separately controlled on all sub-boards.

The system is expandable to 4 single drives, or 1 dual drive, also with
controllable access.

                             GETTING ACQUAINTED

To run the program for the first time, you need two files:  '6485 bbs v3.8',
and '6485.ml4'.

Before you can activate the message base, you will need to run '6485 setup',
which will create on disk:  '(boards)', and '(no.)'.

'6485 setup' can also be used to create and edit the screen sequential files,
and to edit and renumber messages.  More on this later.

You may find it helpful to run the BBS and gain some familiarity with it,
before attempting setup or file writing.  Before loading you should cold-
start the computer, with no other existing programs, wedges, etc., residing in
memory.  These can interfere with the operation of the BBS.  The author
suggests you do not use a fast loading cartridge with this program.

Load '6485 bbs v3.8',8,1.  You will be asked if you want to load the user log
and messages.  Type 'n' at each prompt.  Then enter time in 24 hour format,
(i.e. 9:25pm = 2125), followed by inputs for day, month, and date.

The '6485 BBS Configuration' screen will show you options, with the default
settings.  More on this later.

Ready?  Let's take a brief tour.  Shut off your modem so you will not be
receiving garbage from the phone line.  From the configuration screen, hit
'F', for modem type, and choose "1", for 'Vicmodem or LOCAL'.  This defeats
carrier check, and allows operation of the BBS from local keyboard.  Next,
enter BBS mode by hitting 'F1'.  (You may return to the configuration screen at
any time from BBS mode, by hitting 'F7').  The 'Waiting for Call' screen will
be displayed for 2 seconds.  The program will begin and you can log on as a new
caller.  (NOTE:  User from local mode is not recorded in the BBS-log).  This
takes you to the 'Command' prompt.  To see the menu, type '?'.  The menu will
only show the options which were activated in 'Configuration', and which the
user's access level will permit.  More later.

When you are ready to use the BBS on-line, select your modem type, switch on
the modem, and hit 'F1'.  You're in business!  To customize your board,
however, go back to 'Configuration'.  Here's a run-through:

                                     Page 1



                          6485 BBS CONFIGURATION

A.  Time Limit:
     *  New users can be limited to 10-30 minutes.
     *  If you enable the time limit option for validated users, they will be
        incremented 15 minutes for each access level.  Level 6 and level 7 users
       have no time limit.

B.  Sysop:
     *  Your Name.

C.  Name:
     *  BBS Name.

D.  Hours:
     *  Displayed after BBS Name, before log-on.

E.  Disk:
     *  Select Drive Configuration.

F.  Modem:
     *  Select Modem Type.

G.  Message Base:
     *  Toggles ON/OFF.
     *  Before activation, you must load and run '6485 setup', to create the
        necessary files on drive 8:  '(boards)', and '(no.)'.  If these files
        are missing, this option will automatically toggle off when you go to
        BBS or Sysop Mode.

H.  BBS-log Option:
     *  Off, Printer, Disk (8):  Records BBS user activity.

I.  User Feedback Option:
     *  Off, Printer, Disk (8).

J.  Available for Chat:
     *  Toggles YES/NO, which sets the default every time the Configuration
        File is loaded.  May be overridden from 'Waiting for Call' screen.

K.  Uploads From:
     *  Toggles ALL USERS/VALIDATED.  Drive 8 can be closed to uploads.

L.  Disk Access:
     *  Sets user access to drives, according to access level.

M.  Hide Uploads:
     *  Toggle YES/NO.  If 'YES', upload filenames are automatically preceded
        by '('.  They cannot be seen or downloaded by users until sysop
        renames them, without the '('.  You will note that BBS files are all
        hidden in this way.

N.  Save New Configuration:
     *  Creates '(BBS-config.)', on drive 8.  This file automatically loads
        during system boot-up.

O.  Load Configuration File:
     *  Manual command to load from drive 8.




                                     Page 2



                             SYSOP COMMANDS MENU

[$] - Directory
     *  For drive last selected by Sysop Command.

[@] - Disk Commands
     *  Wedge type commands for drive last selected by Sysop Command:
          c0:newname=0:oldname     (Copy a file)
          i0                       (Initialize drive)
          n0:diskname,id           (New, or Format a disk)
          r0:newname=oldname       (Rename a file)
          s0:filename              (Scratch a file)
          v0                       (Validate a disk)

[#] - Change Disk Drives
     *  Will only be seen if multiple drives have been configured.

[E] - E-Mail
     *  This replaces the private message option of 3.3.

[F] - Blocks Free
     *  For drive last selected by Sysop Command.

[L] - Read System Log
     *  This will appear on drive 8 only if BBS-log was sent to disk.

[N] - New User Mail
     *  This feature works the same as E-mail, except that it does not check
        the name of addresse. Be sure to use lower case for user's name.

[S] - Sub-Boards
     *  Same as on user menu, with the addition of the 'D' (Delete Message)
        Sysop command.

[T] - Terminal Mode
     *  Enables you to go online with another BBS, Receive and Transmit Files,
        and View Directory.  Phone line is automatically OFF HOOK when you
        enter Terminal Mode, and ON HOOK when you exit Terminal Mode by hitting
        the '_' key.  NOTE:  File transfers initiated from Terminal Mode will
        address the drive last selected from Sysop Commands.

[U] - User Log
     *  Load user list, List users, Add new user, Delete user, Change access
        level, Save user list.  The last option writes '(BBS-users)' to drive
        8.

                                  BBS COMMANDS
                                (User Main Menu)

The available commands seen by a caller are determined by BBS configuration and
the caller's access level:

[B] - Bulletin
     *  Views '(BBS-b)' sequential file on drive 8.

[C] - Chat Request
     *  Sysop page by user.  Gives visual and audible signal to Sysop for up
        to 15 seconds.  If you do not answer page within that time, caller is
        advised, '(Sysop Name) does not answer page'.  You may ENTER/EXIT Chat
        Mode by hitting 'F1'.  If user has less than 10 minutes remaining when
        exiting chat, the timer will reset to 10 minutes.

                                     Page 3



[D] - Download
     *  New Punter (from selected drive).

[F] - Feedback to (Sysop Name)
     *  Sent to drive 8 or printer, depending on configuration.

[G] - Goodbye
     *  Asks, 'Logoff (Y/N)?'

[I] - Information
     *  Views '(BBS-i)' sequential file on drive 8.

[K] - Blocks Free
     *  For current drive selected.

[M] - Multi-File Transfer
     *  New Punter (to/from selected drive).  Available only to validated
        users.  Compatible with comm-term 2.7 or higher.  You will be prompted:

                U - Upload Multiple Files?
                D - Download Multiple Files?
             Which one (U/D)?

        If you select 'U', you will see:

             Ready to Receive

                   Please start sending files
                      ('A' Aborts)

               They are preparing to send

        If you select 'D', you will see:

             DOWNLOAD Multiple Files

             Y - Yes
             N - No
             S - Start
             A - Abort

        The BBS then reads the directory of the previously selected drive, and
        displays one file at a time, with the prompt:

             Y,N,S,A

        A 'Y' command will select that file for downloading, 'N' rejects it,
        'S' starts downloading of all files selected so far, and 'A' aborts
        from Multi-File Transfer, back to the main BBS Command prompt.  After
        the last file in the directory has been shown, downloading of all
        selected files will begin automatically.  You are prompted:

             Go to Receive Mode (Within 10 Seconds)

[N] - New Baud Rate
     *  User selectable from 300-400 Baud.  (Available to validated users
        only).  When the BBS is running at 1200 baud, this option will not be
        active.




                                     Page 4



[O] - Opening Message
     *  Views '(BBS-n)' sequential file on drive 8.

[S] - Sub-Boards
     *  Takes you to the 'Available Boards' Menu, which displays the Sub-Boards
        available to that user at his access level.  Also shows number of
        messages on file for each Sub-Board.  Prompts for board selection, then
        says, '(Sub-Board Name) Command:'.  Hitting RETURN displays the menu:

        Sub-Board Commands:

        [R] - Read Messages
             *  Forward or Reverse, or input # to read.  'Q' quits to Sub-Board
                Commands Menu.  NOTE:  'X' will exit to the Sub-Board Command
                prompt, without the Menu.

        [W] - Write Messages
             *  Up to 20 lines per message.

        [S] - Scan Messages
             *  Start scan with message #.

        [L] - List Boards

        [A] - Abort to Main Menu

        [G] - Goodbye
             *  Asks, 'Logoff (Y/N)?'

      [1-4] - Boards

[U] - Upload
     *  New Punter (To selected drive).

[#] - Change Drive #
     *  Only seen in a multi-drive configuration.  Only available to authorized
        users, depending on configuration and user access level.  Note the
        current drive # displayed beside the command prompt, i.e. (9).

[$] - Directory
     *  On selected drive.

                           CREATING A MESSAGE BASE

Load '6485 setup',8,1.  Insert the system files disk into drive 8, and select
option # 1, 'Create Sub-Boards'.   It will ask you to select the number of
boards that you wish to create or modify, (0-4).  If the '(boards)' and '(no.)'
files are already on this disk, the previously created information will be
displayed.  In any case, you are prompted 'Edit which board?', 'Name of
Board?', 'Access Level', and 'Highest message #'.  (If this is the first time,
highest message # will not appear).  When you are done, enter 'S' to save
setup.  The necessary files will then be written to drive 8.  Re-load 6485 bbs
v3.5, and re-insert the system files disk with the files you just created.
From the configuration screen, toggle the message base on, by hitting 'G'.  The
program will check the disk for the '(boards)' and '(no.)' files, and then show
the message base to be 'ON'.  Immediately re-save the new Configuration.






                                     Page 5



                      CREATING SCREEN SEQUENTIAL FILES

You can dress up 6485 BBS v3.8 considerably by placing the following sequential
files on drive 8:

     '(BBS-t)' - The Title screen.  Shown before logon.
     '(BBS-n)' - Seen by non-validated users after logon.  Can also be accessed
                 with the '[O]pening Message' command, from the BBS Main Menu.
     '(BBS-v)' - Seen by validated users after logon.
     '(BBS-i)' - System Information file.  Accessed with the 'I' command.
     '(BBS-b)' - System Bulletins.  Accessed with the 'B' command.

Note that these files are in parentheses.  No file beginning with '(' can be
downloaded and is not listed in the directory that a caller sees.  The 'BBS'
part of the filename is shift-B, shift-B, shift-S.  These files can be created
with any sequential file writer, although '6485 setup' is especially suited to
this purpose.  It automatically inserts quotation marks at the beginning of
each line, which you do not see on the screen, but which enables the use of
commas, colons, semi-colons, and opening spaces.  It also allows line-by-line
editing.  If you use another file writer, it is recommended procedure to put
each line in quotes, so you can use the above-mentioned characters, and so that
the lines will be positioned where you want them, instead of left-justified.
With another writer, you must enter a blank line by using " ", not "".
"" will cause an illegal quantity error when it tries to input a null
string.  Again, please NOTE:  When using '6485 setup', do not enter any quotes
in the text.  This is handled automatically.

                            SYSTEM FILES DISK

As mentioned earlier, you can run the BBS with no BBS system files on drive 8.
This would be the 'bare bones approach' to running a board, with no message
base, and no customized screens.  The setup, configuration, user log, and
private messages could be saved to the program disk, and would be automatically
loaded every time you boot up the program.  You would have only upload/download
files on drive 8.

If you want custom screens, system information, and system bulletins, then
those files will need to be on drive 8 as well.  If you activate the message
base, then you will include '(boards)', and '(no.)', and of course the
individual messages will be written to this disk.  Additionally, when the
'(BBS-config.)' and '(BBS-users)'files remain on drive 8, then
the system will re-boot by itself after a crash:  (It will go to the 'Time'
prompt and wait for up to five minutes.  If it receives no input within that
time, the program will go directly to the 'Waiting for Call' mode).

You will probably find it advantageous, then, to place '6485 bbs v3.8' and
'6485.ml4' on a separate disk from the system files, to conserve space on drive
8.  When you load the program, you will be prompted:  'User Log not on disk.
Try Again (Y/N)?'  Remove the program disk and replace it with your System
Files/Upload-Download disk.  Hit 'Y', and the remaining files will load.  Enter
time and date, switch on the modem, hit 'F1' to go to 'Waiting for Call', and
you're all set!

                          SYSOP COMMANDS IN BBS MODE

     F1 - Engage/Exit CHAT Mode

     F2 - Temporary Level Increase

     F3 - Log User Off


                                     Page 6



     F5 - Sysop Available for Chat:  YES/NO

     F7 - Configuration Screen

     F8 - Put Caller on Hold

     C= - Terminate Up/Download

                               OTHER NOTES

If you want to 'go voice' with a user, you can put the caller on hold with 'F8'
and then turn off the modem.  Be sure both modems are turned back on before you
hit 'F1' to re-enter the board.  'F8' will also hold the caller while you go
into Sysop Mode to change password, access level, etc.

If you have a caller on voice line and want to start the board, you can
simulate a ring detect by pressing the fire button of a joystick in port #2.

Message base files can be read from the Sysop Mode, with option to delete.  If
nothing further is done, deleted messages will simply cause a 'message #x not
found'.  Although this causes no particular problem, you will find it useful to
periodically renumber the messages.  This is very simply accomplished using the
'Renumber Messages' option in '6485 setup'.  The process is automatic.

When the BBS is configured to operate with a 300/1200 baud modem, the baud rate
is auto-selected on each incoming call.  In this mode, the caller will see a
blank screen at carrier detect.  The board is waiting for a [RETURN]
from the caller, which it will sense, and switch to the appropriate baud rate.
NOTE:  Only if the user logs on at 300 baud, will he see the option to change
rates between 300-500 baud.  The effectiveness of various rates between 300-500
baud will depend a lot on telephone line conditions at the time.

6485 DOCS V3.8 are provided as a courtesy of Ron Gatchel.  Our thanks go to
Ivory Joe (Bill Jackson) for a very nice BBS program!

******************************** UPDATED NOTES ****************************

  These docs have been hastily updated for V3.8. Here are some added features:

     * There is an option to protect drive 8 from uploads.
     * The (BBS-config.) file has been changed
     * Validated users can be set to level 0 (new user status)
     * Hacking attempts are recorded in (BBS-log)
     * Terminal mode now supports 1200 baud
     * 1650 and Westridge users can use '+' & '-' to take phone off hook
     * The Multi-file transfer section has been completely reworked. Users
        can now download 30 files and upload even more. The problems that
        caused system crashes in earlier versions have been corrected.
     * MANY more small changes and corrections have been made and will be
        documented when this file is updated.
*************************************************************************











                                     Page 7




Here Follows a Brief Description of the 65816 Microprocessor.

The 65C816 contains the following registers:

One 16 bit Accumulator             A
One 16 bit Index Register          X
One 16 bit Index Register          Y
One 16 bit Stack Pointer           S
One 16 bit Program Counter         PC
One Processor Status Register      P
One 16 bit Direct Page             D
One 8 bit Data Bank Register       DBR
One 8 bit Program Bank Register    PBR


*** Special Notes for 16 bit Mode ***

The Program Bank Register is used in conjunction with PC to decide which
of the 256 possible banks your code is located in.

The Data Bank Register is used in conjunction with either of the index
registers X or Y to denote a high order 8 bit offset. It is not used
with the Accumulator.

The Processor sees the Stack only in Zero Bank (i.e.,) the highest 8 bits
of the 24 address lines are zeroed out when the Stack is accessed).

The Direct Page Register is used for adjusting where Zero Page will be
found in the given 64K Bank. The Effective Address is arrived at by adding
the argument of the opcode to D and then zeroing out the high order bits
16 through 23. That way no matter what value is in Direct Page Register,
the resulting Effective Address will remain in the same Bank that you
started with; that is, there's no wrapping over Bank Boundaries.


*** Processor Status Register ***

 Bit  Significance   Flag   The Easy Way of Checking
  0      Carry        C     (test by BCC or BCS)
  1   Zero/Equality   Z     (test by BNE or BEQ)
  2     Interrupt     I     PHP PLA AND #$02 (test by BNE or BEQ)
  3      Decimal      D     PHP PLA AND #$04 (test by BNE or BEQ)
  4    Index Width    X     PHP PLA AND #$08 (test by BNE or BEQ)
  5    Accum Width    M     PHP PLA AND #$10 (test by BNE or BEQ)
  6     Overflow      V     PHP PLA BIT #$40 (test by BNE, BEQ, BVC, BVS)
  7   Minus/Negation  N     (test by BPL or BMI)
  8   Emulation Flag  E     XCE (then test by BCC or BCS)


*** 8 Bit Mode ***

By adjusting certain bits of the processor status register you can toggle
A, X, or Y from 8 bit mode to 16 bit mode.

When Bit M = 1 the Accumulator will behave in truncated 8 Bit Mode and the
high byte of the Accumulator (called "Accumulator B") will remain untouched
by Accumulator operations.

When Bit M = 0 the Accumulator will behave in "long" 16 bit mode. Additions,
subtractions, shifts, and rotates will involve both low and high bytes.

In either case, the low and high bytes of Accumulator may be swapped by
employing the XBA instruction.  There do not seem to be any instructions
for loading, storing, or otherwise independently manipulating Accumulator
"B" save by swapping it down to the low byte position.

When Bit X = 1 both of the index Registers X and Y will behave in short 8
Bit Mode.  The High Bytes will remain untouched and unaltered.

When Bit X = 0 both of the index Registers X and Y will behave in long 16
Bit Mode.  That is, instructions like INX or DEX will involve both bytes
of the index registers.


*** Emulation Mode ***

The main purpose for the Emulation bit of the 65C816 mpu is for providing
an enhanced degree of compatibility with the old NMOS 6502. That is,
instruction timings are identical to that of the 6502. System interrupts
are driven by the old regular 6502 hardware vectors that we have all come
to love and hate. It is interesting that one of the tricks of playing with
the 65C816 would be to avoid COP and ABORT interrupts by going into
Emulation (E=1) mode.

Apparently there is no reduction in the 65C816 instruction set when toggling
the Emulation Bit; all the regular instructions remain available-  It is
only in the timing of the cycles, and the processing of interrupts, that
things will differ.


*** Incompatibilities ***

The 65C816 does not contain the 65C02 instructions SMB (Set Memory Bit),
RMB (Clear or Reset Memory Bit), BBR (Branch on Bit Reset), or BBS
(Branch on Bit Set).

The BRK software interrupt will use either vector $FFFE or $FFF6 depending
on whether Emulation Bit is Clear or Set, respectively.

The 65C816 will write (i.e., corrupt) a series of bytes on system RESET
by saving PBR, PC high, PC low, Processor Status on Stack somewhere in
Bank Zero.  The 6502 does not save any information on stack at RESET.
Since the high byte of stack pointer is cleared to one on RESET, we might
assume that the data is written to an unpredictable range in page one(?)..
On the other hand, we might further expect RESET (with E=1) to behave
properly and refrain from saving registers on stack.

JMP Indirect on a page boundary works properly, unlike 6502.

Unimplemented 6502 opcodes behave as the Implemented 65816 opcodes.

Logical Flags are valid even in Decimal Mode.  [Hmmmm. Gonna have to try
that one out!]

Extra Memory Read on page boundary fetches last byte read, not spurious
byte.  This relates to data latching, and is of concern when writing to
I/O peripherals that are sensitive to read's and write's... Since I'm
not much of a hardware hacker, I won't dwell on this point.  Apparently
it is of some concern when you do stuff like LDA (pointer),y when low byte
of pointer is $ff...

Matthew Montchalin 73517,1042
8K BITMAP TO DDL
This program, [8k btmap<>ddl], is a utility program, written by Wayne Schmidt
and supports the conversion of straight 8k hi-res bitmaps and Doodle files
(DD-files 37blks $5c00-$8000). The straight bitmaps include: Flexidraw files,
ComputerEyes system software files, 'Slideshow' (TPUG) files, ScreenMagic
(Print Shop) files, Keryan 'Convert'd B/W files, and other similar 8k bitmaps.
** 37 CBM disk blocks **

Keywords: UTILITY, HIRES, DOODLE, BITMAP, CONVERSION, GRAPHICS, CMPUTEREYES,
FLEXIDRAW, SCREEN MAGIC, PRINTSHOP, SCHMIDT

8K BIT MAP documentation:

The load address is not a problems as the load is a is a re-directed one.
The options include:
Load Bitmap/Load Doodle/Save Bitmap/Save Doodle/List Directory/Toggle Screen

The Doodle-to- Bitmap conversion yields a straight bitmap (8k $6000-$7f40)
which can be used in Flexidraw, Print Shop's ScreenMagic, and any other hires
program that does a re-directed load or uses load addr.:$6000. Conversion to
Doodle will enable the ability to make use of the special features of Doodle
such as scaling, duplication,outlining, etc. Share and enjoy! Wayne Schmidt
201  is northern new jersey.  time zone is eastern.
202  is the district of columbia.  time zone is eastern.
203  is connecticut.  time zone is eastern.
204  is manitoba
205  is all of alabama.  time zone is central.
206  is western washington.  time zone is pacific.
207  is all of maine.  time zone is eastern.
208  is idaho. time zone is mountain.
209  is central california.  time zone is pacific.
212  is manhatten and the bronx
213  is southwest california.  time zone is pacific.
214  is north eastern texas.  time zone is central.
215  is south eastern pennsylvania.  time zone is eastern.
216  is north eastern ohio.  time zone is eastern.
217  is central illinois.  time zone is central.
218  is northern minnesota.  time zone is central.
219  is northern indiana.  time zone is eastern.
301  is all of maryland.  time zone is eastern.
302  is delaware.  time zone is eastern.
303  is all of colorado.  time zone is mountain.
304  is all of west virginia.  time zone is eastern.
305  is southeast florida.  time zone is eastern.
306  is saskatchewan
307  is wyoming. time zone is mountain.
308  is western nebraska.  time zone is mountain & central.
309  is central illinois.  time zone is central.
312  is chicago.  time zone is central.
313  is eastern michigan.  time zone is eastern.
314  is south eastern missouri.  time zone is central.
315  is north central new york.  time zone is eastern.
316  is southern kansas.  time zone is central.
317  is central indiana.  time zone is eastern.
318  is western louisiana.  time zone is central.
319  is eastern iowa.  time zone is central.
401  is all of rhode island.  time zone is eastern.
402  is eastern nebraska.  time zone is central.
403  is alberta
404  is southern georgia.  time zone is eastern.
405  is western oklahoma.  time zone is central.
406  is all of montana.  time zone is mountain.
407  is east middle floridia.  time zone is eastren.
408  is west central california.  time zone is pacific.
409  is south eastern texas.  time zone is central.
412  is south western pennsylvania.  time zone is eastern.
413  is western massachusettes.  time zone is eastern.
414  is south eastern wisconsin.  time zone is central.
415  is west central california.  time zone is pacific
416  is quebec
417  is south western missouri.  time zone is central.
418  is quebec
419  is north western ohio.  time zone is eastern.
501  is all of arkansas.  time zone is central.
502  is western kentucky.  time zone is central.
503  is all of oregon.  time zone is pacific.
504  is south eastern louisiana.  time zone is central.
505  is all of new mexico.  time zone is mountain.
506  is new brunswick
507  is southern minnesota.  time zone is central.
508  is east massachussets  time zone is eastren
509  is eastern washington.  time zone is pacific.
512  is south central texas.  time zone is central.
513  is south western ohio.  time zone is eastern.
514  is quebec
515  is central iowa.  time zone is central.
516  is south eastern new york.  time zone is eastern.
517  is central michigan.  time zone is eastern.
518  is north western new york.  time zone is eastern.
519  is ontario
601  is all of mississippi.  time zone is central.
602  is all of arizona.  time zone is mountain.
603  is all of new hampshire.  time zone is eastern.
604  is british columbia
605  is all of south dakota.  time zone is mountain & central.
606  is eastern kentucky.  time zone is eastern.
607  is south central new york.  time zone is eastern.
608  is south western wisconsin.  time zone is central.
609  is southern new jersey.  time zone is eastern.
612  is central minnesota.  time zone is central.
613  is quebec
614  is south eastern ohio.  time zone is eastern.
615  is eastern tennessee.  time zone is central & eastern.
616  is western michigan.  time zone is eastern.
617  is eastern massachusettes.  time zone is eastern.
618  is southern illinois.  time zone is central.
619  is southeast california.  time zone is pacific.
701  is all of north dakota.  time zone is mountain & central.
702  is all of nevada.  time zone is pacific.
703  is northern virginia.  time zone is eastern.
704  is western north carolina.  time zone is eastern.
705  is ontario
706  is gerogia  time zone is eastren.
707  is northwest california.  time zone is pacific.
708  is northeast illinois.  time zone is central.
709  is new foundland
712  is western iowa.  time zone is central.
713  is houston
714  is south central california.  time zone is pacific.
715  is northern wisconsin.  time zone is central.
716  is western new york.  time zone is eastern.
717  is east central pennsylvania.  time zone is eastern.
718  is brooklynn
719  is s.e. colorado.  time zone is mountain
801  is all of utah.  time zone is mountain.
802  is all of vermont.  time zone is eastern.
803  is all of south carolina.  time zone is eastern.
804  is south eastern virginia.  time zone is eastern.
805  is southwest california.  time zone is pacific.
806  is north western texas.  time zone is central.
807  is ontario
808  is all of hawaii.  time zone is alaska-hawaii.
809  is the caribbean.  time zone is eastern.
812  is southern indiana.  time zone is eastern.
813  is southwest florida.  time zone is eastern.
814  is west central pennsylvania.  time zone is eastern.
815  is northern illinois.  time zone is central.
816  is northern missouri.  time zone is central.
817  is north central texas.  time zone is central.
818  is south central california.  time zone is pacific.
819  is quebec
901  is western tennessee.  time zone is central.
902  is nova scotia & prince edward island.  time zone is atlantic.
904  is northern florida.  time zone is eastern.
906  is michigan's upper pennisula.  time zone is eastern.
907  is all of alaska.  time zone is alaska-hawaii.
908  is central new jesrey.  time zone is eastren.
909  is south califorina.  time zone is pacific.
912  is northern georgia.  time zone is eastern.
913  is northern kansas.  time zone is central.
914  is central new york.  time zone is eastern.
915  is west central texas.  time zone is central.
916  is northeast california.  time zone is pacific.
918  is north eastern oklahoma.  time zone is central.
919  is eastern north carolina.  time zone is eastern.
                                                                               
ABOUT ACROSS LIBRRARY SEARCHING
October, 1991
 
 
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
===================
 
  CompuServe has released a new version of the Forum Libraries, which provides
many additional features.  The main enhancement is the ability to find a file
within a forum -- no matter what library you are in. Other features include:
 
* a new directory display, providing more information in an
easier-to-understand format
* the ability to move backwards as well as forwards through a BROWSE
* new valid characters for file names
* easier-to-understand error messages
* the ability to count files in the libraries more easily
* and, improved context sensitive HELP, available with the HELP command.
 
All features are outlined below. They are available in ASCII mode. Changes
will be incorporated into the CompuServe Information Manager at a later date.
 
CHANGES FOR MENU MODE USERS
===========================
 
A New Prompt
 
  For "Menu Mode" users, almost everything will look and feel the same as
the previous version of the Libraries.  You still enter the libraries by first
selecting "LIBRARIES" from the main Forum Menu, and then by selecting the
library you prefer from the next menu.
 
However, selecting BROWSE from the main Library menu will shed light on the
first change in the new Libraries -- the addition of one prompt. Here's what
it looks like:
 
       IBM Communications Forum    Library 2
 
       Comm Utilities
 
        1 BROWSE Files
        2 DIRECTORY of Files
 
        3 UPLOAD a File (FREE)
        4 DOWNLOAD a file to your Computer
 
        5 LIBRARIES
 
       Enter choice ! 1                          <==== Choose BROWSE
 
       Enter libraries (e.g. 1,2,4 or ALL)              <==== * New Prompt *
       or <CR> for current library:
 
       Enter keywords (e.g. modem)               <==== Same as previous
       or <CR> for all:                                      version
 
       Oldest files in days                      <==== Same as previous
       or <CR> for all:                                      version
 
  Note the new "Libraries" prompt. You have two options here. You can simply
  press a carriage return (<CR>) to select from files in the current library.
  This works the same way as the BROWSE selection worked in the previous
  Library version.  Or, at this prompt, you may type in numbers corresponding
  to the specific libraries that you wish to browse.
 
  Each library number should be separated by a comma or a space, as in "1,3,5,"
  to browse files in libraries 1, 3, and 5.  Only files in the libraries you
  enter will be browsed.  For example, if you are in Library 2, and enter a "4"
  at the new prompt, only files in library 4 will be displayed.
 
  At the prompt, you may also use the hyphen ("-") to specify ranges of
  libraries, as in "1-6," to indicate that you want to browse files in
  libraries 1 through 6.
 
  You can mix and match the approaches, as in "1,3,7-11," to browse libraries
  1, 3, and 7 through 11. If you want to examine the files in all libraries
  at once, you can type the word "ALL."
 
A New Format for File Displays
 
  The second thing a Menu Mode user will notice is the new format for the
  File displays. The displays have been re-arranged, and are easier to read
  and to understand.  In addition, the Library number is included in the
  display when you're searching for files in libraries other than your
  "current" library.  See the examples at the end of this document for more
  details about these changes.
 
  "P" Means "Previous;" "B" Means "Back"
 
  While BROWSING, a "Disposition" prompt displays after each file. Pressing
  <CR> at this prompt takes you to the next file. If you press <CR> too many
  times, or want to move back to a previous file, you can now do so.
 
  Enter a "P" and press <CR> to back up one file. You may also use "B" for
  "Back," if you wish.  It works exactly the same as "P."
 
CHANGES FOR COMMAND MODE USERS
==============================
 
The "LIB:" Command
 
For "Command Mode" users, several new commands and options have been added.
All commands in the previous version continue to work, and you still enter the
libraries in the same way.
 
The most important addition is the "LIB:" option.  This command can be used in
conjunction with almost every existing command (DIR, BROWSE, DOWNLOAD, etc.)
to designate a library or libraries.
 
For example:
 
       DIR LIB:4
 
will display a directory of all files in library 4, newest first. You can be
as specific as you want. More examples:
 
     COMMANDS                      RESULT
 
 DIR A*.* LIB:1-5       - Directory of all files starting with the letter "A"
                        in libraries 1 through 5, in alphabetical order.
 
 DIR KEY:GAME LIB:ALL   - Directory of all files with a keyword of "GAME" in
                        all libraries the user has access to, newest first.
 
 DIR *.TXT LIB:1,5,7-9  - Directory of all files with the "TXT" extension
                        in Libraries 1, 5, and 7 through 9, in alphabetical
                        order.
 
 DIR AGE:30 LIB:ALL      - Directory of all files uploaded in the last 30 days
                         in all libraries, newest first.
 
Two New Commands: LIST and COUNT
 
 Two new commands, LIST and COUNT, have been added as well. Here are
 specifics:
 
 
  LIST        - This command is simply a short cut for a "DIR SHORT".  It
                will always give the one-line-per-file "short" listing,
                regardless of your "Library Options" setting.  It has the
                same syntax and options as the DIR command.
 
  COUNT       - This command allows you to count the number of files in a
                Library or Libraries.  It has the same syntax and options
                as the DIR command.  However, this command does not display
                the files, but only a summary count of files.  In this way,
                you can count the number of files that will be listed by
                an equivalent DIR command (so you can "preview" a potentially
                long listing).
 
        Examples:
 
        COUNT                    - Count of all files in the current Library.
 
        COUNT LIB:ALL            - Count of all files in all Libraries.
 
        COUNT KEY:GAME LIB:ALL   - Count of all files with the keyword GAME in
                                   all libraries.
 
 
  To accompany the "COUNT" command, the DIR and LIST commands have a new
option, the "COUNT" option.  When this option is specified, a summary count of
the files displayed is shown at the end of the listing.  Just add COUNT to
the command line (COUNT can be abbreviated to the first three letters "COU",
or to "CNT").
 
  For example:
 
  DIR *.* COUNT       - Lists all files in the current directory in
                      alphabetical order, and prints the total number listed at
                      the end.
 
Enhanced "AGE:" and "DAY:" Options
 
  The "AGE:" and "DAY:" options have been enhanced to accept ranges of days.
You can now specify that only files OLDER than a given number of days be
listed, or that only files with ages that fall in a given range of days
be listed.  The "AGE:" and "DAY:" options work identically.
 
  Examples:
 
  DIR AGE:30    - This command produces a directory of files uploaded between
                  today, and 30 days ago.
 
  DIR AGE:30-   - This command produces a directory of files uploaded MORE
                  than 30 days ago.
 
  LIST DAY:30-90  - This command produces a listing of files uploaded between
                  30 and 90 days ago.
 
File Name Characters and Keywords
 
For all users, the valid characters that can be used for a File Name in
the Libraries have been extended.  The following characters are now valid
in file names and extensions for files uploaded to the CompuServe Libraries:
 
  A-Z  0-9  @  #  $  %  -  _  &  +
 
File names are still limited to only six characters.  If an invalid character
is found in a file name, or if the name is too long, it will not be accepted.
 
Keywords have changed just a bit too.  The maximum length of a keyword is
now 17 characters, and may consist of _only_ the following characters:
 
  A-Z  0-9  _  -  &  .
 
There are also a maximum of 10 keywords per file, and any duplicate keywords
are automatically removed.  There is a "Stop-List" of keywords that are
removed as well:
 
       A      ALL    AN     AND    ARE    BUT    BY     FOR
       FROM   I      IN     IS     IT     ME     MY     NOT
       OF     ON     SO     THAT   THE    THIS   TO     TOO
       WITH   YOU
 
  None of the keywords that are automatically removed count towards the
10-keyword maximum per file.
 
  You can search for multiple keywords at once by separating them with
commas, as in:
 
  DIR KEY:GAME,BOARD LIB:ALL
 
  The above command will produce a directory of all files in all libraries
that have the keyword GAME _and_ the keyword BOARD.
 
 
EXAMPLES OF NEW DIRECTORY DISPLAYS
==================================
 
1) Example of the new DIRectory format:
 
Lib 4! DIR
 
[70000,1047]
TEST.TXT/Asc    Bytes:   9295, Count:    0, 22-Jul-91
 
[76702,1102]
COMDL4.DES/Asc  Bytes:   1503, Count:   36, 01-Jan-91
 
[72777,1312]
DELFAC.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:  14152, Count:   18, 13-Nov-90
 
[73407,3163]
DVINTS.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:   9806, Count:   33, 21-Oct-90
 
[70130,330]
TTLSLC.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:   3443, Count:   50, 22-Aug-90
TTLCTL.EXE/Bin  Bytes: 107373, Count:  251, 22-Aug-90
TTLCTL.TXT/Asc  Bytes:   1942, Count:  448, 19-Aug-90
 
[73530,2037]
XFAX15.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:  39936, Count:   91, 21-Jun-90
 
[remainder deleted for brevity]
 
 
2) Example of the new DIRectory format with Library number:
 
Lib 4! DIR LIB:4            <=== Use the LIB: option to "force" the
                                 display of the library number.
 
[70000,1047]    Lib: 4
TEST.TXT/Asc    Bytes:   9295, Count:    0, 22-Jul-91
 
[76702,1102]    Lib: 4
COMDL4.DES/Asc  Bytes:   1503, Count:   36, 01-Jan-91
 
[72777,1312]    Lib: 4
DELFAC.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:  14152, Count:   18, 13-Nov-90
 
[73407,3163]    Lib: 4
DVINTS.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:   9806, Count:   33, 21-Oct-90
 
[70130,330]     Lib: 4
TTLSLC.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:   3443, Count:   50, 22-Aug-90
TTLCTL.EXE/Bin  Bytes: 107373, Count:  251, 22-Aug-90
TTLCTL.TXT/Asc  Bytes:   1942, Count:  448, 19-Aug-90
 
[73530,2037]    Lib: 4
XFAX15.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:  39936, Count:   91, 21-Jun-90
 
[remainder deleted for brevity]
 
 
3) Example of the new LIST (DIR SHORT) format:
 
Lib 4! LIST                 <=== The library number is *always*
                                 displayed in the LIST or DIR SHORT
                                 displays.  The File Type has been
                                 removed to make room for the Lib number.
 
TEST.TXT    4   10K 07-22-91 test upload
COMDL4.DES  4    2K 01-01-91 One-line descriptions of files in Library 4
DELFAC.ZIP  4   14K 11-13-90 Delete Fax Files
DVINTS.ZIP  4   10K 10-21-90 DESQVIEW PIF AND PROGRAMS FOR BITFAX
TTLSLC.ZIP  4    4K 08-22-90 FHOST.SLC for prev dwnld of TTLCTL.EXE & TELIX us
TTLCTL.EXE  4  105K 08-22-90 TotalCtl, the software phone switch see TTLCTL.TX
TTLCTL.TXT  4    2K 08-19-90 Short text file describing TTLCTL.EXE more fully
XFAX15.ZIP  4   40K 06-21-90 XFAX v1.5: allows one fax to service network
 
[remainder deleted for brevity]
 
 
4) Example of the new BROWSE format:
 
Lib 4! BROWSE LIB:4
 
[70000,1047]    Lib: 4
TEST.TXT/Asc    Bytes:   9295, Count:    0, 22-Jul-91
 
  Title   : test upload
  Keywords: TEST UPLOAD
 
  This is a test upload.
 
Disposition !
 
 
[76702,1102]    Lib: 4
COMDL4.DES/Asc  Bytes:   1503, Count:   36, 01-Jan-91
 
  Title   : One-line descriptions of files in Library 4
  Keywords: LIBRARY4 DIRECTORY SUMMARY BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS
 
  One-line descriptions of files in Lib 4 as of Jan 1, 1991.
  Updates (including separate change file) are prepared approximately monthly.
  The file showing changes since Dec 1 for all Libs is in Lib 0 as
  COMCHG.DEC. If you want all the summaries for Libs 1-7,9-11, COMSUM.ZIP is
  available in Lib0.  (This is an ASCII file which can be Read and captured to
  disk or downloaded with a protocol.)
 
Disposition !
 
 
[72777,1312]    Lib: 4
DELFAC.ZIP/Bin  Bytes:  14152, Count:   18, 13-Nov-90
 
  Title   : Delete Fax Files
  Keywords: FAX COMPLETEFAX SHAREWARE DELETE UTILITY
 
  This is a utility file to delete facsimile files created by the CompleteFax
  Board or similar boards using file names with numerical extensions.  Files
  are deleted based on age in the range of 1-30 days. Particularly useful to
  prevent filling up a hard disk while still preserving files for possible
  reuse.  Zip file includes executable file  and documentation.  Written in
  Pascal.
 
Disposition !
 
 
[remainder deleted for brevity]
 
5) Example of LISTING across libraries:
 
Lib 4! LIST LIB:ALL
 
CISEXE.BIN 15    7K 08-02-91 Script for Dialogue 128 use of CIS forums rev. 30
GAMES.ZIP   8  160K 07-31-91 Games file.  DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
CISOP.TXT   1    5K 07-29-91 Information about CISOP (Automate CIS OPerations)
USTBUG.LOG  5    7K 07-27-91 Bug, UST, Capture
TEST.TXT    1    2K 07-27-91 Test
SENDS.TXT   5    7K 07-27-91 CON Demonstrating Problems with the NOSEN Command
RAM2WS.SX  15   18K 07-28-91 Test binary upload
USTBUG.TXT  6    5K 07-22-91 Capture of a session dealing with UST bug.
TEST.TXT    4   10K 07-22-91 test upload
SENBUG.ARC  6    7K 07-22-91 capture of a problem with SENS
NOUSER.BUG  3    9K 07-22-91 Capture of NOUSERS bug.
 
This file describes the alignment
problems common to 1541's.  The align-
ment procedure described should NOT be
attempted by someone that does not have
either the proper fix-it skills or
attitude.
The early 1541's (white cased) also 
have a heat-related alignment problem.
If the drive is on for a few hours,
heat buildup inside affects the thin
metal drive band that moves the r/w
head.  If you have problems saving or
reading a file on a disk that was
written to during a recent session, 
then this is probably the cause.
Either shut your 1541 off when not 
using it, or place a very low CFM fan
to blow air through the drive (you
should filter the air going through the
drive, but if air enters from the top,
and it is moving slow, dust will
settle on the board before getting in
the drive machanism.
The other alignment problem comes from
extensive NEWing of disks, or from the
errors generated by copy-protected
software.  The alignment slowly changes
due to wear.
The following process describes how
to align your 1541 using the TEST/
DEMO disk shipped with the drive:
Enter the following prg & save it-
100 OPEN1,8,15:OPEN4,8,4,"#"
110 FT=1:FT$=STR$(1):LT=35
120 LT$=STR$(LT)
130 PRINT#1,"U1:";4;0;LT;0
140 T$=LT$:GOSUB500
150 PRINT#1,"U1:";4;0;FT;0
160 T$=FT$:GOSUB500
170 LT=LT-1:IFLT>0THEN120
180 CLOSE4:CLOSE1:END
500 PRINT"READING TRACK:";T$
510 INPUT#1,EN,EM$,ET,ES
520 PRINTTAB(12)EN;EM$;ET;ES
530 IFEN<2 THEN RETURN
540 PRINT:PRINT"DRIVE HAS FAILED"
550 GOTO 180
(The above routine has been extracted
from a 1541 test by Steven Niers)
Once you have the above prg saved on
a disk and ready to run in memory,
unplug the 41, remove the cover (four
screws on bottom), and remove the
metal shield covering the circuit
board. Next, remove the circuit board
leaving all wires and cables attached
(be careful of the small cable from
the read/write heads). Set the board
over to the LEFT side of the drive,
placing cardboard between it and the
metal frame of the drive - MAKE SURE
NO part of the circuit board touches
any metal parts of the drive!
Look at the drive itself - There are
two metal pulleys, with a thin metal
drive band around them. This is the
drive mechanism for the read/write
heads. The rear pulley is the one
drvien by the motor. You'll see two
fat metal 'pegs' or bumps on top of
it with a metal 'stop' protruding
from a post behind the pulley.
WITHOUT moving the stop, loosen the
screw on the stop until you think the
stop can be moved WITH A LITTLE FORCE
(Try moving the stop to the left very
slightly by tapping on a large flat-
bladed screwdriver or so pressed
against the stop)  Now plug in the 41
and turn on power (make sure the 
circuit board is isolated from any
metal parts!!!!). 
(1541 align cont.)   Put in the 1541
TEST/DEMO disk shipped with the drive
and run the program you just
entered. It reads track 35, then 1,
then 34, then 1, then 33, etc....
If alignment is OK, this will go thru
all 35 tracks without an error.
Notice that when going to track 1
sometimes the drive 'backs-up' and
'flicks' the drive pulley until it
hits the stop.  On a properly
aligned drive, there is only a 16th
of an inch, give or take, of space
between the position of the pulley
bump and the metal stop to 
successfully read track 1.
If the program fails before completing
move the stop VERY slightly to the
left by tapping it again.  Run the
program again.  Keep doing this until
the program runs error free.  A
properly aligned disk is also a little
quieter during disk-errors or NEWing
a disk.  By moving the stop a little
one way or the other, you'll get the
feel of where it should be.  ONLY
move it as little as possible each
time!
Do not use a copy-protected disk for
this alignment procedure!  WordPro
especially will screw you up since it
is copy-protected by corrupting track
#1!  The 1541 test/demo disk is the
closest you'll find to a standard.
When alignment is OK, DON'T try to
tighten the screw on the stop! It'll
only change the position of the stop-
that's why I said to loosen it ONLY
until the stop can be moved with
force. Now apply some Elmer's glue or
similar onto the screw and edges of
the stop to keep it from moving.
Check alignment again. Unplug the
drive, put the circuit bd. back in
place, turn on the drive, check align
ment again, and so forth until you
have the drive all back together.
If you had trouble reading disks like
WordPro, then before you put it back
together, try loading one of them. If
they don't load at least 80% of the
time, move the stop slightly either
way and try again. When it works, try
the alignment program again, etc.
Note: do NOT use epoxy to hold the
stop in position. You may need to do
the procedure more than once.

        ALLPRINT 
 For the C64. (c) 1986 by Chrisdos.

The ALLPRINT utility is a memory bit map to printer conversion routine.
 ALLPRINT will take an 8K block of memory and otput it to a STAR or EPSON
printer in full size. ALLPRINT can look at all 8 of the 8K boundries in memory
and therefore can find most pictures.

        To use ALLPRINT (with a doodle picture file for example) all you need
do is first load the picture file like a program,8,1. If you had a disk file
called DDPICTURE, you would  LOAD"DDPICTURE",8,1.
This would place the image in memory. (doodle saves its picture at $6000 and its
color at $5C00, which is the defalt for ALLPRINT.)
Then load and run ALLPRINT. (you may have to preceed this with a NEW to get it
to load.)
 ALLPRINT will display the opening screen, you then press any key. You will
get the hires screen displayed. (if you are using another kind of file, that
loads into a different memory location like $2000, then you will not yet see
the image.)
You can use the F1 key to move ALLPRINT through memory, each time you press it,
you get the next 8K boundry.
 $6000, $8000, $A000, $C000, $E000, $0000, $2000, $40	, and back to $6000 again

This allows you to find the image in memory. Also, while on the $0000 page, you
will see the memory locations change as the lower parts of memory are used
by the running computer.

The color map also changes as you flip through memory, the base for the color
map is always 1024 bytes below the pictre base. This is standard for doodle and
others.

To print the bitmap image you press + for a positive dump, or - for a negative
picture dump.

To exit the program, hit RUN/STOP-RESTORE	
 If you are loading other files that do not have their color maps in the 
reuired place (like KOALA) then you may clear the color memory by hand
with a small basic program before loading ALLPRINT. Koala files have their
picture at $6000, but their color is ABOVE the image, not below. You can
clear the color memory to black and white with this simple basic line:
 FOR X= 23552 to 24575:pokex,16:next
*nb"word test/ans"                      *nb Created using Easy Script
*nb Erase ES commands with other pgms
*lm10:rm70:vp2
*cn1;TEST YOUR CREATIVITY AND MENTAL FLEXIBILITY*cn0


INSTRUCTIONS:  Each question below contains the initials of words that will make it correct.  Find the missing words.

EXAMPLE:  16=O in a P  (Answer:16=Ounces in a Pound)

***********************************************************

26 = L of the A:  LETTERS/ALPHABET
-----------------------------------------------------------
7 = W of the A.W:  WONDERS/ANCIENT/WORLD
-----------------------------------------------------------
1001 = A. N.:  ARABIAN/NIGHTS
-----------------------------------------------------------
12 = S of the Z:  SIGNS/ZODIAC
-----------------------------------------------------------
54 = C in the D (with the J's):  CARDS/DECK/(JOKERS)
------------------------------------------------------------
9 = P in the S. S.:  PLANETS/SOLAR/SYSTEM
-----------------------------------------------------------
88 = P. K.:  PIANO/KEYS
-----------------------------------------------------------
13 = S. on the A. F.:  STRIPES/AMERICAN/FLAG
----------------	-----------------------------------------
32 = D. F. at which W. F.:  DEGREES/FAHRENHEIT/WATER/FREEZES
-----------------------------------------------------------
18 = H. on a G. C.:  HOLES/GOLF/COURSE
-----------------------------------------------------------
90 = D. in a R. A.:  DEGREES/RIGHT/ANGLE
-----------------------------------------------------------
200 = D. for P. G. in M.:  **DON'T KNOW YET**
-----------------------------------------------------------
8 = S. on a S. S.:  SIDES/STOP/SIGN
-----	----------------------------------------------------
3 = B. M. (S.H.T.R.):  BLIND/MICE/(SEE/HOW/THEY/RUN)
-----------------------------------------------------------
4 = Q. in a G.:  QUARTERS/GAME
-----------------------------------------------------------
24 = H. in a D.:  HOURS/DAY
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 = W. on a U.:  WHEELS/UNICYCLE
-----------------------------------------------------------
5 = D. in a Z. C.:  DIGITS/ZIP/CODE
------------------------------------	---------------------
57 = H. V.:  HEINZ/VARIETIES
-----------------------------------------------------------
11 = P. on a F. T.:  PLAYERS/FOOTBALL/TEAM
-----------------------------------------------------------
1000 = W. that a P. is W.:  **DON'T KNOW YET**
-----------------------------------------------------------
29 = D. in F. in a L. Y.:  DAYS/FEBRUARY/LEAP/YEAR
-----------------------------------------------------------
64 = S. on a C.:  SQUARES/CHECKERBOARD
---------------------------------------	------------------
40 = D. and N. of the G. F.:  DAYS/NIGHTS/GREAT/FLOOD
-----------------------------------------------------------



                           "Arc Over Easy"
                           by Marte Brengle
                       revised and updated 10/92


     ARC is a copyrighted, user-supported file-archive program from Ampere 
Metal.  As "shareware," the author asks for a contribution if you like the 
program.  A donation registers you as a user of the program, and you will 
get more extensive documentation in return; for $20.00 (or more) you'll 
receive the most current edition of the program on disk as well.  To 
register, send your donation, with your name and address, to

                     Ampere Metal
                     6141 Atlantic Drive
                     Unit 9
                     Mississauga, Ontario
                     Canada  L5T 1L9


     This file only gives simplified instructions for creating and 
extracting from archive files; for complete documentation, see the document 
file for the version of ARC which you are currently using.  Please note that 
the version of ARC numbered 2.50 has problems and we do not recommend using 
it.  ARC 2.30 (available in CBMAPP's ARC/Help/Forum Utils library, Library 2, 
as ARC230.BIN) is the most bug-free version available.

     One of the primary uses of ARC is to combine several separate files 
into one file for easier uploading and/or downloading from BBS's and 
computer networks.  ARC will compress the component files as well, thus 
saving time and money during the file transfer.  ARC uses commands based on 
MS-DOS and CP/M syntax, so they may appear unfamiliar at first.  However, 
once you understand the logic behind it, you'll see that in many ways the 
ARC syntax is easier to learn and remember.

     To begin with, ARC uses letters to indicate disk drives, rather than 
drive and device numbers.  When using ARC with only one disk drive, you 
don't have to indicate which drive you're using, but if you do have more 
than one drive active, it is very important to tell the program which 
actions you wish to have performed by which drives.  It's also important to 
remember that the author of ARC had dual drives, rather than single drives, 
in mind when he set up the lettering system, so if you're using two single 
drives, you have drives A and C, not A and B.  Here's a table of letter 
equivalents for drive/device numbers. 

drive letter  a    device 8    drive 0  (default setting, one disk drive)
              b           8          1  (dual drive)
              c           9          0  (second single drive)
              d           9          1  (second dual drive)
              e          10          0  (third single drive)
              f          10          1  (third dual drive)
              g          11          0  (fourth single drive)
              h          11          1  (fourth dual drive)

You can use the ARC syntax to call up programs from any drive(s) to be 
combined into one file on any other drive.

     When you are using the "archive" feature of the program, that is, 
combining multiple files into one file, or separating files that have been 
combined, you indicate that to the program by typing the word "arc" 
followed by a slash and then a letter.  For example, typing  arc/c  tells 
the program you wish to create an archive file.  Here's a list of archive 
commands, adapted from the documentation for ARC 2.10.



arc/x  (or arc/e)

     Once you've downloaded an ARC file, you need to separate it into its 
component parts before it will run on your computer.  The arc/x command 
will do that, and will store the component files on any disk drive you 
specify.  If you want the files stored on the same disk as the archive 
file, you don't need to specify a drive letter.  

     Let's say you downloaded a file called GAME.ARC and you want to 
separate it into its component parts and keep all the files on the same 
drive (the default drive a).  You'd load and run ARC and then type in

     arc/x game          (or game.arc)

In versions of ARC up to 2.30, you don't have to add the .arc suffix to the 
filename.  ARC 2.50 requires the suffix; if you leave it off you'll get an 
error message.  After you've typed that command, you'll get an author's 
credit and ARC version number message, and then the program will tell you 
the names of the component files as it separates them.

     If you want to separate the component files and store them on a 
different disk drive from the one in which the arc file is being dissolved, 
you would specify the destination drive like this:

     arc/xb a:game       (or game.arc)

That is, extract the files from the archive file GAME.ARC on drive a and 
store them on a disk in drive b.

     If you don't want to extract all the files from the arc file, and know 
the file names of the files you do want, you can do that by typing

     arc/e game players       (or arc/e game.arc players)

This would extract only the file called PLAYERS from the arc file.  Note 
that in this case you use the arc/e command rather than arc/x.  Also note 
that if the file you wish to extract contains a space in its name, you must 
use a SHIFTED space when you type in the filename.  Otherwise ARC thinks 
that the word following the space is a separate filename, and you'll get a 
"file not found" error message.

     To find out the names of the component files in an arc file, use the 
arc/l command (instructions below).  If you'd just like to see a directory 
of what's on your disk, simply type   dir   on a new line.

     Unlike some other file combination/extraction utilities, ARC doesn't 
automatically delete the arc'ed file from your disk when it finishes 
separating it into its component parts.  Thus the original file is still 
available to you, should the de-arc'ed file not work for some reason.  
(It's a wise idea to check to see if your de-arc'ed file works properly 
before you delete the arc'ed version.)  If you'd like to delete that file 
(or any other file, for that matter) type

       del total.arc

If you want to delete more than one file, type the file names one after 
another, separated by spaces.  If the filename itself contains a space, you 
must type a SHIFTED space; otherwise the program thinks that the word 
following the space is a separate file name, and you'll get a "file not 
found" error message.  You can specify up to nine different file names at a 
time, or you can use "wild cards" to delete a number of files with similar 
names.  Thus the command

      del tot*

would delete files called total.arc, toto, totalitarian, etc.  You can also 
delete file names from more than one disk drive by specifying the drive 
letter, as in

      del a:total.arc a:games.arc c:frizbee c:frazzle


arc/c

     Create your own archive file.  In creating a file, you need to specify 
on which drive(s) the component files are to be found, and the exact 
filename of each file you wish to have included in the archive file.  ARC 
can only handle eight individual filenames at a time.  If you need to 
include more than eight filenames, you can either create an archive file 
with eight names and then add to it (see the instructions under  arc/a  
below) or you can transfer all the files to a blank disk and then "arc" the 
entire disk.  As before, if the filename includes a space, be sure you type 
in a SHIFTED space in that place.

     One thing you may wish to do is to mark the file with the current 
date.  You'll notice that the ARC program displays a date when it is first 
loaded and run.  This date will appear on all your files.  To change the 
date, type

        date (day),(month),(year)

(using numbers, of course) on a separate line before you begin to create 
the file.  ARC uses the European convention of putting the day first, 
rather than the American form which puts the month first, so you would type
        24,11,1988       for example.

     Here's how the arc/c instruction would appear if you were using a 
single disk drive to create an archive file called TOTAL out of individual 
files called ONE, TWO, THREE, and FOUR.

         arc/c total one two three four <return>

Note the space between the arc/c and the file name.  That space is 
essential.  And since you're using only one drive, you don't have to 
specify the drive with a letter.

     After you've typed in that command, ARC will give you an author's 
credit message and will begin creating your archive file.  It will tell you 
which form of compression, if any, it's using on the component files, and 
it will also tell you when the file is finished.  The finished file will be 
called total.arc.

    (Note:  Some versions of the program may give you the message "60, write 
file open" at the end of the file creation process.  This does not mean 
that the arc command has failed, unless the red (1541) or green (1571) 
light on your drive stays on.  It simply indicates that you can add to the 
arc file at a later date if you wish.)

     If the files you wanted to put into the arc file were on different 
disk drives, you'd specify the individual drive by letter in the command.  
It might look like

     arc/c a:total a:one a:two c:three c:four  <return>

Meaning that you were creating the archive file TOTAL on drive a using 
files ONE and TWO from drive a and files THREE and FOUR from drive c.

     If you want to archive the contents of an entire disk, using one 
drive, the comand would be

     arc/c total a:*

For two drives, you'd specify source and destination drives, as in

     arc/c a:total c:*


arc/a

     This command adds files to an arc file you've already created.  For 
example, if you wanted to add files FIVE, SIX, and SEVEN to the file you 
created above as total.arc, you'd type

     arc/a a:total a:five a:six c:seven  <return>

NOTE:  don't use this command to add files to an undissolved arc file 
you've downloaded using Xmodem.  Xmodem "pads" the files to make them an 
exact number of blocks long, and if you append files to a file that's been 
padded this way, you won't be able to dissolve the file into its component 
parts later.  If you want to add to a a file you've downloaded, dissolve it 
first with arc/x and then re-archive the files.


arc/l

     This command can be used to list all the component files of an archive 
file.  You can use it to see what's in a file you've downloaded, or to 
check a file you've created to make sure you've included everything you 
planned to.  Note that this doesn't separate the file into its component 
parts; it just lets you see what the parts are.  If you typed 

     arc/l total             (or total.arc)

(assuming you're using one disk drive) you would then get a listing of all 
the files in the file total.arc, how many blocks they contained before they 
were compressed, the method used to compress them, and how many blocks they 
contained after compression.  The listing will also tell you the total 
number of files in the archive file and the total number of blocks before 
and after compression.



arc/v
     
     After you've created an archive file, use this command to verify its 
contents.  This command checks to make sure that each file survived the 
archiving procedure without being corrupted.  If the files all check out, 
you'll get a message to that effect.  If they don't, you'll be told that 
too.  To verify the arcfile TOTAL you'd type

     arc/v total       (or total.arc)


     ARC is a versatile utility program that can do much more than just 
create and dissolve files.  For complete documentation on the many things 
the program can do for you, be sure to read the documentation files for the 
version of the program which you are using.

     This file was originally written for ICUG, the Independent Computer 
Users' Group.  It may be distributed elsewhere provided that it is not 
modified and that this notice and the author's credit is not removed.  All 
questions, comments, contributions or whatever are always welcome.

      Marte Brengle
      Box 465
      Burbank,  CA  91503

      CompuServe 76703,4242 or 70317,24

      A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ARC
             26 SEPT 1986
             CHRIS SMEETS
             [76337,2216]

  ARC is  a  utility  program  for  the
Commodore 64 computer which can be used
to create  and maintain  file archives,
as well as do routine disk maintenance.

  An archive  is  a  single  disk  file
representing the  contents  of  one  or
more other  files. They  are identified
by a  name which ends in ".arc" and can
be extracted to obtain exact duplicates
of the files that went into it.

  When creating  an archive,  ARC  uses
advanced data compression techniques to
compress each  file being archived. ARC
will   first    analyze    each    file
individually, and  then  based  on  the
files characteristics,  ARC chooses one
of five  different methods  to compress
the file.  The result  is almost always
significantly smaller than the original
file.

  The amount  of savings you can expect
varies with  the  type  of  file  being
archived, and ranges between 10-15% for
machine language programs to as much as
60%  or  more  for  graphics  and  text
files.

  There are  many advantages  to  using
ARC.

  One  archive  can  represent  several
different files.  Programs, or data can
be organized  into logical  groups  and
archived making  it quite  a bit easier
to transfer  the information  by modem,
and  helps   to   keep   your   backups
organized. You save alot of time by not
having to figure out if you in fact got
all the  files you  needed to  get  the
program to work!

  ARC keeps  track of  file  names  and
file types.  This saves alot of trouble
when  transferring   data  to/from  non
Commodore systems  (like CIS,  RBBS  or
FIDO) which  do not support Commodore's
non  standard   ASCII,   16   character
filenames, or file types.

  ARC calculates  a two  byte  checksum
for each file being archived. Most file
transfer protocols  have some  type  of
error  checking,   but  the  occasional
error does  get through  undetected. If
this should  happen then  ARC will most
likely detect  a  checksum  error  when
verifying or extracting the archive.

  ARC  handles  relative  files.  These
babies are  difficult  enough  just  to
copy let  alone transfer  them over the
phone!

  ARC also  supports a number of useful
commands   for   viewing   directories,
moving files  between  drives,  viewing
the contents  of files, renaming files,
and editing simple text files. For more
details,  you'll   have  to   read  the
documentation for  ARC which  is  quite
complete.

  First of all there are several ARCs.

  ARCXYZ.4 is for a standard C-64.

  ARCXYZ.8 is  for a C-64 equipped with
            a BI-80 eighty column video
           adaptor.

  XYZ is the version number. The higher
the number,  the more  up to  date  the
program.    Archives    are    downward
compatible. This  means  that  any  ARC
program will  be  able  to  handle  any
archive  created   by  any   other  ARC
program  provided   that  its   version
number is  equal to  or higher than the
one that created the archive.

  Note also  that archives  created  on
MS/PC-DOS machines  are of  a different
format  than   Commodore  archives.  At
present ARC can only view the directory
of an  MS-DOS archive but thats all. We
should be able to expand on this in the
future.

  When you  first run  ARC, all you get
is a  brief message  and you're back at
the READY prompt.

  ARC is  written as a wedge. It adds a
number  of   commands  to   the   basic
interpreter, one of which is ARC. We'll
just  briefly  summarize  some  of  the
commands you  will need  to know to get
started using  ARC.  For  more  details
read   the    complete    documentation
provided elsewhere on this system.

  1) DOS WEDGE.

  This should  be familiar.  Syntax  is
the same  as used in "DOS 5.1", SYSRES,
or whatever other wedge you use.

  >$0       - view directory
  >i0       - initialize drive 0
  
  And so on and so forth...

  2) DISK DRIVES

  ARC refers  to disk drives by letter,
not number.  It takes  a bit of getting
used  to  but  its  more  accurate  and
convenient once you're used to it. Thus
A: is  unit 8  drive 0,  B: is  unit  8
drive 1, C: is unit 9 drive 0 and so on
up to H: which is unit 11 drive 1.

  Thus:

    LOAD"C:ARC220.4"

  Could be used in place of:

    LOAD"0:ARC220.4",9

     If you  do  not  specify  a  drive
letter in  a filename,  then  ARC  will
assume you  meant  the  default  drive.
(normally A:) You set the default drive
simply by typing its letter followed by
a colon.

    C:  <return>

     Sets the  default drive  to unit 9
drive 0.  All wedge  commands (>$ etc.)
and  filenames  will  default  to  this
drive. If  you just  typed  the  above,
then:

    LOAD"ARC

    Is the same as:

    LOAD"0:ARC",9

  3) The ARC Command.

  The ARC command is quite flexible and
was designed to emulate the same syntax
as used  on  an  IBM  PC.  The  general
format is:

ARC/XY/Z D:ARCFILE D:PATRN1 D:PATRN2...

  D:ARCFILE is  the name of the archive
being created  or extracted.  You don't
have to  give the  ".arc" at the end of
the filename,  ARC will  fill it in for
you if you leave it out.

  D:PATRN  is   a  filename,   and  may
contain wildcards.  A:BAID64, D:*,  and
ARC220.4 are  all legal  names. *if you
don't specify a drive, then the default
drive is  assumed! Note..spaces are not
allowed in  filenames. If  you need  to
specify a  space, use  a shifted  space
and ARC  will change it to a space. (or
better yet...use a ? )

  X, Y  and Z are switches and can take
on a number of values. We'll just touch
on the most important ones here.

  X=L ... Lists an archive directory

  ARC/L A:TEST

  Will type  to the  screen a directory
of the  archive "TEST.ARC".  If all you
get is  garbage or  an  error  message,
then either the file is not an archive,
its a  higher version than your copy of
ARC, or its been corrupted somehow. You
should get  a neat  list of  filenames,
types,  lengths  and  storage  formats,
with a summary at the end.

  X=C ... Creates an archive.

  ARC/C A:TEST B:GAME* B:*=S

  Creates an  archive names  "TEST.ARC"
on drive  8,0 and  includes  all  files
from drive  8,1 that  begin with "GAME"
or are sequential.

  Note:  There   can  be  up  to  eight
different  filenames  specified  to  be
included in the archive.

  X=X ... Extracts an archive.

  ARC/X A:TEST

  This will  extract all files from the
archive "TEST.ARC"  on  drive  8,0  and
place them on the default drive.

  ARC/X A:TEST B*

  Same as  the above, but only extracts
files whose names begins with "B"

  X=V ... Verify an archive

  Syntax is  identical to ARC/X, except
the files  are not written to disk. ARC
simply expands  them  and  recalculates
the checksum. It then compares the just
calculated checksum with the one stored
in the  archive when it was created. If
they don't  match  then  an  error  has
occured somewhere.

  Thats about  all you  need to get you
going. All  of this  and more  is  delt
with  in   much  more   detail  in  the
documentation for ARC 2.20.

  

;arclog
;----------------------------------------------------------------------
;sq        First version runs as external command... a:sq filename
;usq                                                 a:usq filename[.q]
;----------------------------------------------------------------------
;sq3       Still external, but allows more than one filename.
;usq3
;----------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc100    SQ is now internal, and extension is '.arc' instead of '.q'
;          also if squeezed file is longer, file will be stored.
;          Uploaded compuserve
;          Versn = 1
;----------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc110    Added /g option for encoding/decoding.
;----------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc120    Added packing
;          Fixed bug that makes an archive entry one block too long
;          ocasionally.
;          Expanded doc file
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc130    06apr86
;          Basically the same as arc120. used 130 to avoid confusion
;          with the Commodore 128 (arc128.img)
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc131   may86
;         Added REName command:   ren [d:]<oldname> <newname>
;         Fixed the password bug. /g would use only the
;                                 1st char of the password
;         Fixed unit 11 drives. g: and h: now work.
;         Allowed for files named "*.ARC" rather than just "*.arc"
;         default is still ".arc", but if you type ".ARC" it will be ok
;         Fixed wedge directory command... >$a:
;                                          >$d:pattern
;                                          etc. are now legal
;         Changed DIR...  dir[/w] [d:][pattern1] [d:][pattern2] .....
;------------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc132   Added /q switch to GET so that ARC could be used to scroll
;         through capture buffers
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc133   Added selective archive extraction.
;         arc/x archname pattern1 pattern2 ....
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc134   june86
;         Did some housekeeping.
;         Added a few jumps to the jumptable at $C000.
;         Removed devices RPST and N (they didn't work)
;         Added /p switch to ARC
;         Converted docs from Microsoft Word to Paperclip 64c
;         Uploaded to Compuserve, Delphi
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc200   aug86
;         Versn changes to 2
;         Files are now stored, packed, packed+squeezed,or packed+crunched
;         Added arc/l for ibm archives
;         Added relative file routines
;         Added single pass crunching.
;         Improved checksum calculation, detects added zeros or
;                                        transposed bytes
;         Added date function
;         Checksum error with packed files has disappeared
;           (pack routines have been completely re-written)
;         DEMO version uploaded to compuserve, delphi
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc210   sep86
;         Added arc/f - strips xmodem padding from an archive
;         Patched arc/x and arc/l to ignore xmodem padding
;         Removed encryption routines ( they interfere with crunch )
;         Changed signon prompt
;         Fixed scroll-won't scroll if quote or insert mode
;               or while running program
;         Removed 'F1' key - will add it back later using vector at $028f
;         Added 'iqplop' vector to freeze list on shift and ignore BASIC
;               keywords during text mode.
;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
;arc220   14sept86
;         Fixed bug. ARC210 would ignore the last file in an archive
;                    thinking that it was xmodem padding if it was only
;                    one block long.
;         Patched un-pack routine to detect improperly packed files from
;                    ARC 1.xx (ARC 1.xx would pack n bytes as n+1 bytes
;                    if n was > 255)
;         Added ASCII conversion routines to arc/p as well as output to
;                    printer.
;
;                    arc/p[x]/[y] archfile file-to-type
;
;                    x=a  convert petscii to ascii
;                    x=p  convert ascii to petscii
;                    y=p  send output to printer
;
;                    user must define the printer as follows:
;                    poke 1027, printer device number
;                    poke 1028, printer secondary address
;                    before running arc
;
;                    default is 4,0
;
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
;ARC221   02oct86
;         Fixed editor so it won't force lower case in TEXT mode.
;         SCROLL won't expand BASIC tokens in TEXT mode.
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
;ARC230   20oct86
;         Added ARC/CZ   - disables crunch.
;         Separated ARC extract routines into a separate module which
;             can be used as a subroutine by external applications.
;             (ARC/CZ was required since this subroutine can't un-crunch)
We'd like to welcome all the members of CBMART to CBMAPP.  Our policies on
library files may be slightly different from what you're used to, and we'd
like to take a moment to explain the differences.

In CBMART, binary library files had either a .BIN or an .IMG extension 
regardless of what kind of file they were.  This meant that you had to be
sure to read the file description to see if the file might be an .ARC or a
.SDA (et cetera) and change the file name accordingly when you downloaded
it.  In CBMAPP we allow file extensions that indicate what kind of file
you are dealing with, so you will see .ARC and .SDA and .MUS (et cetera)
as appropriate.

Since the library software has changed and no longer has an indicator on
the actual file name as to what kind of file it is, and since files in IMG
format have a six-byte header that has to be dealt with if they are 
downloaded with Xmodem rather than CIS-B, we are trying to make sure that
all current and former IMG files have a note in the file description that
they should be downloaded with CIS-B if possible.

As this file is written (October 1995) we are in the process of rena	ng
and changing the descriptions on the CBMART files that are now in our
libraries.  This process is likely to take several weeks, so as you browse
through our libraries it is important that you still take time to read
the file descriptions carefully.

For a more detailed overview of file transfers, you can read UPDOW.HLP in
the Help & Utilities library.  And as always, if you have any problems,
please leave a message for the Sysops.Standard ASCII Codes

Dec    Hex      Binary        Character
---------------------------------------------------
000     00     0000 0000     CTRL-@ / NUL
001     01     0000 0001     CTRL-A / SOH
002     02     0000 0010     CTRL-B / STX
003     03     0000 0011     CTRL-C / ETX
004     04     0000 0100     CTRL-D / EOT
005     05     0000 0101     CTRL-E / ENQ
006     06     0000 0110     CTRL-F / ACK
007     07     0000 0111     CTRL-G / BEL
008     08     0000 1000     CTRL-H / BS
009     09     0000 1001     CTRL-I / HT
010     0A     0000 1010     CTRL-J / LF
011     0B     0000 1011     CTRL-K / VT
012     0C     0000 1100     CTRL-L / FF
013     0D     0000 1101     CTRL-M / CR
014     0E     0000 1110     CTRL-N / SO
015     0F     0000 1111     CTRL-O / SI
016     10     0001 0000     CTRL-P / DLE
017     11     0001 0001     CTRL-Q / DC1
018     12     0001 0010     CTRL-R / DC2
019     13     0001 0011     CTRL-S / DC3
020     14     0001 0100     CTRL-T / DC4
021     15     0001 0101     CTRL-U / NAK
022     16     0001 0110     CTRL-V / SYN
023     17     0001 0111     CTRL-W / ETB
024     18     0001 1000     CTRL-X / CAN
025     19     0001 1001     CTRL-Y / EM
026     1A     0001 1010     CTRL-Z / SUB
027     1B     0001 1011     ESC
028     1C     0001 1100     FS
029     1D     0001 1101     GS
030     1E     0001 1110     RS
031     1F     0001 1111     US
032     20     0010 0000     space
033     21     0010 0001     !
034     22     0010 0010     "
035     23     0010 0011     #
036     24     0010 0100     $
037     25     0010 0101     %
038     26     0010 0110     &
039     27     0010 0111     '
040     28     0010 1000     (
041     29     0010 1001     )
042     2A     0010 1010     *
043     2B     0010 1011     +
044     2C     0010 1100     ,
045     2D     0010 1101     -
046     2E     0010 1110     .
047     2F     0010 1111     /
048     30     0011 0000     0
049     31     0011 0001     1
050     32     0011 0010     2
051     33     0011 0011     3
052     34     0011 0100     4
053     35     0011 0101     5
054     36     0011 0110     6
055     37     0011 0111     7
056     38     0011 1000     8
057     39     0011 1001     9
058     3A     0011 1010     :
059     3B     0011 1011     ;
060     3C     0011 1100     <
061     3D     0011 1101     =
062     3E     0011 1110     >
063     3F     0011 1111     ?
064     40     0100 0000     @
065     41     0100 0001     A
066     42     0100 0010     B
067     43     0100 0011     C
068     44     0100 0100     D
069     45     0100 0101     E
070     46     0100 0110     F
071     47     0100 0111     G
072     48     0100 1000     H
073     49     0100 1001     I
074     4A     0100 1010     J
075     4B     0100 1011     K
076     4C     0100 1100     L
077     4D     0100 1101     M
078     4E     0100 1110     N
079     4F     0100 1111     O
080     50     0101 0000     P
081     51     0101 0001     Q
082     52     0101 0010     R
083     53     0101 0011     S
084     54     0101 0100     T
085     55     0101 0101     U
086     56     0101 0110     V
087     57     0101 0111     W
088     58     0101 1000     X
089     59     0101 1001     Y
090     5A     0101 1010     Z
091     5B     0101 1011     [
092     5C     0101 1100     backslash
093     5D     0101 1101     ]
094     5E     0101 1110     ^
095     5F     0101 1111     underscore
096     60     0110 0000     reverse apostrophe
097     61     0110 0001     a
098     62     0110 0010     b
099     63     0110 0011     c
100     64     0110 0100     d
101     65     0110 0101     e
102     66     0110 0110     f
103     67     0110 0111     g
104     68     0110 1000     h
105     69     0110 1001     i
106     6A     0110 1010     j
107     6B     0110 1011     k
108     6C     0110 1100     l
109     6D     0110 1101     m
110     6E     0110 1110     n
111     6F     0110 1111     o
112     70     0111 0000     p
113     71     0111 0001     q
114     72     0111 0010     r
115     73     0111 0011     s
116     74     0111 0100     t
117     75     0111 0101     u
118     76     0111 0110     v
119     77     0111 0111     w
120     78     0111 1000     x
121     79     0111 1001     y
122     7A     0111 1010     z
123     7B     0111 1011     left curly brace
124     7C     0111 1100     vertical bar
125     7D     0111 1101     right curly brace
126     7E     0111 1110     tilde
127     7F     0111 1111     DEL


   This is the VIDTEX Autolog File

lister program. It is a BASIC program

that reads VIDTEX Autolog files, and

displays the contents on the screen

or on the printer. Meta commands are

displayed as a back arrow (prints as

an underline on most printers) followed

by a capital letter. Control characters

are displayed as an up-arrow (prints

as a hat or cap on most printers)

followed by a capital letter. The true

ASCII in the Autolog files is converted

to Commodore pigascii for display and

printing. This program is in file

AUTLST.IMG



             Joel Swank

             75365,464

    #: 9678 S8/Telecommunications
    29-Oct-87  16:24:50
Sb: Vidtex autolog sequence
Fm: Dennis 73027,1416
To: ALL AVATEX 1200 USERS

Hello to all of you Avatex users!
        This is my first upload of information to anyone on
CIS.  I hope is is of use to someone.  I thank Steve Shubitz
[75125,233] for his Vidtex autolog for the Hayes modem and
its many clones.  Well, my Avatex 1200 is a Hayes
look-alike. The following is the autolog I use to link the
Avatex 1200 to CIS.
        You see, I often forget to do a meta Q to change the
parameters of Vidtex to connect at the user defined 1200
Baud.  So, I let the autolog do it all for me.
        First, let's get our signals straight.  The
backarrow ( <= ) represents the Meta key, also known as te
Commodore lo key.  The backarrow is used in the autolog
functions for all the Meta functions. Your ESCAPE function
is your British Pond key, but I will just enter ESC to show
the function.
  *
     I named this particular autolog "CISLOG"
  *
Your Meta I creates your new Autolog
.
            Autolog Name:CISLOG
        1)  Prompt: ESC
        2)  Resposnse:<=Q20[RETURN]
        3)  Prompt: ES	        4)  Response:[RETURN]
        5)  Prompt: ESC
        6)  Response:<=FL(function keys)
        7)  Prompt: ESC
        8)  Response:<=%<=%AT
        9)  Prompt: OK
       10)  Response:ATDT(access #)
       11)  Prompt: CONNECT 1200
       12)  Response:<=% ^C[ESC]
       13)  Prompt: ID:[ESC]
       14)  Response: (enter ID#)
       15)  Prompt: PASSWORD:[ESC]
       16)  Response:(enter password)
       17)  Prompt: ESC
       18)  Response:ESC
. .
       Line 2 gives you the Meta Q to set the B	d rate to
1200.
     Line 4 is just a carriage return which will take you
back to terminal mode after setting your parameters.
. .
****** PLEASE NOTE: Unless otherwise noted, each line in the
autolog is followed by a carriage return.  The ESCAPE key
will automatically carry you to the next entry line in the
autolog.
. .
     Line 6 calls in your function keys.
     Line 8 alows time for the function keys to be loaded
before sending a command to the modem.
     Lines 9 & 10 are prompts that come from the m	em. Line
10 gives the connect indication.  If connection isn't
accomplished at this point, the autolog will wait until it
gets a prompt that tells it a connection has been
accomplished.  You can set up a function key to the redial
function for the Avatex (the "A/" command). You can simply
hit the function key to redial until the connection is made.
     Lines 12 through 16 logs you into Compuserve.
.
"

"

"         BASIC-AID COMMAND LIST

"         As of July 28, 1981

"         01. AUTO n1

"         Auto line number inc = n1. Turn off with Auto with no inc.

"         02. BREAK

"         Breaks into monitor.

"         03. CHANGE \from\to\,lr

"         Changes 'from' to 'to'.

"         04. CRT

"         Prints screen to printer device #4.

"         05. DELETE lr

"         Deletes a given line range.

"         06. DUMP

"         Lists variables in use, & values.  (Does not list arrays.)

"         07. FIND \param\,lr

"         Finds occurances of 'param'.

"         08. FLIST 'filename'

"         List prog on disk to the screen.

"         09. HELP

"         Highlights last statement executed.

"         10. HEX num

"         Gives hex of 'num'.

"         11. HEX $0000

"         Gives dec of '$0000'.

"         12. KILL

"         Kills off Basic Aid.  Renable with SYS 7*4096.

"         13. LOWER

"         Drops into lower case mode.

"         14. MERGE 'filename'

"         Merges prog off disk with program in memory.



"         15. OFF

"         Cancels repeat and scroll (restores normal IRQ).

"         	. PACK

"         Removes waste spaces etc. in program.  Note don't branch to

"         deleted rems!.

"         17. READ 'filename'

"         Reads and displays a sequential file to the screen

"         18. RENUMBER n1,n2

"         Renumbers prog from n1, increment n2.

"         19. REPEAT

"         Enables repeat key.  Set automatically when basic-aid is first

"         called.  Automatically cancelled each time a program is loaded.

"         20. SIZE

"         Gives size of a basic program in	emory.

"         21. SIZE 'filename'

"         Gives size of a program on disk.

"         22. START 'filename'

"         Gives load address of a program.

"         23. TRACE n1

"         Does trace at speed n1.  Disable with Trace only.

"         24. UPPER

"         Goes into upper case mode.

"         25. >

"         26. @

"         27. /

"         28. Uparrow

"         The wedge commands are also supported.

"         29. Leftarrow

"         Run the program in memory (also disables Trace).	"         30. Stop key (Escape key)

"         Escape quote mode.

"         31. Keyprint



"         Dump screen to printer when repeat enabled and shift and backslash

"         (escape for bus.) pressed.

"         32. Scroll

"         The up and down cursor scroll the listing when repeat enabled.

"         Notes:  The commands Change, Dump, Find, Flist, Read, Trace,

"         Directory (>$) can be pauseed, held, or stopped.

"              Graphics   Business

"               Shift        6      H	d display.

"                 <          9      Continue dispaly.

"               Stop       Stop     Stop display.


















































                                CHECK VERIFIER

        This program will keep a record of all outstanding checks and

    deposits, as well as, balances for checking and savings accounts and

    allow you to reconcile your checking account with the bank statement.

        This program is menu driven and has successfully been used for

    years. One recent addition has been formatting commands for a 1526

    printer. If you don't have this printer you will need to remove these

    lines.

        The first time you use this program,it will stop because it won't

    find the required data file. Simply type "cont". The program

    automatically generates a back-up data file.

        Please address any comments or questions to me by Easyplex through

    my user id.

    Bill Getz
     The following programs and tips are examples of ways to make your
     BASIC programs look more structured.
     
     First of all it is always best if you are writing a large program to
     break it up into several subroutines. These subroutines could make use
     of variables so as to function differently depending on what part of
     the program is calling them.
     
     To give your subroutine an appearently REMless title do the
     following:
          1) Enter the REM on desired line
             followed by a quote (").
          2) Press <CR>
          3) Cursor up to that line and
             to the right of that quote
             turn on reverse mode (CTRL
             RVS-ON).
          4) Now press SHIFT M and SHIFT Q.
          5) Press the quote again then
             delete it.
          6) Enter the comment you wish to
             be entered as a REMark.
          7) Press quote and then delete
             it.
          8) RVS-ON.
          9) Next SHIFT Z.
         10) Finally, <CR>.
     That's all there is to it! I can't take credit for this one. It
     belongs to Luis Pistoia of Argentina.
     	    To produce the indentation effect found in certain PASCAL and C
     editors, use the colon (:). That's all! The following give examples of
     what I mean:
     
     ----------
     PROGRAM #1
     ----------
     10 :FOR I = 1 TO 10
     12 :   FOR J = 1 TO 10
     14 :      FOR K = 1 TO 10
     16 :         PRINT
     18 :         PRINT
     20 :         PRINT
     22 :         PRINT K,
     24 :         PRINT J,
     26 :         PRINT I
     28 :         PRINT
     30 :         PRINT
     32 : 	      PRINT
     34 :      NEXT K
     36 :   NEXT J
     38 :NEXT I
     

     ----------
     PROGRAM #2
     ----------
     10 :REM   THIS IS AN EXAMPLE IN
     12 :REM   STRUCTURED PROGRAM DESIGN
     14 :REM
     16 :BEGINNING=1: FINISH=12
     18 :FOR LOOP = BEGINNING TO FINISH
     20 :   PRINT "LOOP #"; LOOP
     22 :   PRINT: PRINT: PRINT
     24 :NEXT LOOP
     99 :STOP
     
     Also, in PROGRAM #2 I use long variable names to make the program more
     readable. Naturally BASIC will only re	 the first two characters of
     the variable. For example the BASIC interpreter will refer to the
     variable BEGINNING as BE.
     
     I hope these hints are helpful. If they are, pass them on!



       Documentation for BASMOD
       ------------------------

 BASMOD is a modification by Joel Rubin
 of a program  which  appeared  in  the
 August 1983 COMPUTE! Gazette (Note  1)
 which adds four new graphics  commands
 to your Commodore 64.  It enables  you
 to plot points on  a  high  resolution
 screen  with  simple   commands   from
 BASIC.

 What the Program Does
 ---------------------
 Part of BASMOD consists of  a  machine
 language  routine  which  copies   the
 BASIC ROM (Read  Only  Memory),  which
 interprets BASIC  commands,  into  RAM
 (Random  Access   Memory).    ROM   is
 "permanent"  memory  -  that  is,  the
 program stored in ROM is "burned" into
 the ROM memory chip so that it is  not
 lost when power is  removed  from  the
 '64.    This    "permanent"    machine
 language program, and its counterpart,
 the KERNAL  ROM,  which  oversees  the
 general  operation  of  the  '64,  are
 essential to the function of all BASIC
 programs; they tell the computer  what
 it should do when it  "sees"  a  BASIC
 command such as PRINT or LOAD,  either
 in a program  or  typed  in  from  the
 keyboard ("immediate" mode).

 However, there are several commands in
 CBM BASIC  that  are  rarely  used  by
 programmers, and virtually no commands
 for creating high-resolution graphics.
 Wouldn't  it  be  nice  if  we   could
 replace  those  unused  commands  with
 some that would let us easily use  the
 hi-res screen, without all those peeks
 and pokes?

 Since we can't change the  BASIC  ROM,
 we must first "copy" it into RAM.  RAM
 can be changed easily;  this  is  what
 you're doing when you  POKE  a  number
 into a memory location.   If  we  copy
 ROM into RAM, change  the  appropriate
 routines, and then tell the '64 to use
 the new instructions in RAM instead of
 ROM, we can  change  those  unused  to
 commands  to  do  almost  anything  we
 like!

 BASMOD does just that.  After  copying
 ROM  into  RAM   (lines   30-34),   it
 replaces the following BASIC commands:

       LET becomes HUE;
       WAIT becomes PLOT;
       CONT becomes WIPE; and
       VERIFY becomes SCREEN.


 USING BASMOD
 ------------
 Here's how to use the new commands:

 SCREEN
 ------
 SCREEN is used to switch  between  the
 normal  text  screen   (beginning   at
 memory   location    1024)    and    a
 high-resolution screen  (beginning  at
 8192).  The  contents  of  one  screen
 will not affect  the  other;  you  can
 even draw on the hi-res  screen  while
 looking at the text screen!

 The syntax is:

   SCREEN0  selects the text screen;
   SCREEN1  selects the hi-res screen.

 HUE
 ---
 HUE selects the colors to be  used  on
 your hi-res screen; it does not change
 the text screen colors.  HUE should be
 used before SCREEN or WIPE.

 The syntax is:

        HUE colr,bkgd

 where "colr" is a number from 0 to 15,
 corresponding to the desired color  of
 the points plotted on the screen,  and
 "bkgd", also between 0 and 15, is  the
 background color.   (See  page  61  of
 your User's Guide for the  numbers  to
 use here).  If you  change  HUE  after
 PLOTting points  on  the  screen,  the
 color of those points will change too.

 WIPE
 ----
 WIPE clears your hi-resolution screen.
 You should use WIPE before starting to
 draw with PLOT.

 The syntax is:

        WIPE

 PLOT
 ----
 Now that you've  selected  your  HUEs,
 WIPEd, and selected the hi-res SCREEN,
 here's where the fun starts!

 Your hi-res screen is made up of 64000
 points.  You can turn  each  of  these
 points "on" or "off"; turning it  "on"
 means that  point  will  be  the  plot
 color  you've   selected   with   HUE,
 instead of the background color.

 To make it easy to  find  each  point,
 each of them  has  two  "coordinates",
 corresponding to  its  horizontal  (X)
 and vertical (Y) location.  The screen
 is 320 points "across", and 200 points
 "high".  The point at the  lower  left
 hand corner of the screen corresponds,
 in our X,Y format, to "0,0", while the
 upper right hand corner  is  "319,199"
 (we can't use x=320 or y=200; 0 to 319
 is 320 points, and 0  to  199  is  200
 points).

 To plot a point on the screen, all  we
 have to  do  is  say, in  our  program
 or from the keyboard:

    PLOT X,Y

 and that point is turned on!   We  can
 also  plot  computed  locations;   for
 example,

    PLOT 2*A,B+100

 will  work  fine,  as  long   as   the
 computed values are within the  limits
 above.  By plotting points repeatedly,
 we can draw lines and graphic shapes.


 Other Notes
 -----------
 If you make an error in your commands,
 the screen will  automatically  switch
 back  to  "text".   You  can   disable
 BASMOD   by   hitting   RUN/STOP   and
 RESTORE; if you do this, and LIST your
 program, you'll see that your  special
 graphics commands are now the old ones
 we replaced!  Your program  won't  RUN
 this  way;  you'll  probably   get   a
 "syntax error" if you  try.    To  use
 BASMOD after doing this, type:

    POKE1,PEEK(1)AND254

 from the keyboard.   Note that if  you
 save your graphics program, you should
 always  load  and  run  BASMOD  before
 loading  your  program  again.   Also,
 you must type in and save your program
 with  BASMOD  installed,  or  the  '64
 won't know what you're trying to say!

 --------------------------------------
 Here's a  sample program  to  type  in
 (with BASMOD in place) and  try.  This
 will  draw  a  sine  wave,   and   the
 horizontal axis, on the screen:

 10 wipe:hue1,0:poke53280,6:screen1
 15 rem clear, set colors, select hires
 20 fori=0to319
 30 x=i:rem horizontal coordinate
 40 y=sin(i/20)*100+100:rem vert coord
 50 plotx,y:plotx,100
 55 rem plot point, mark horiz axis
 60 next:rem do the next point
 70 geta$:ifa$=""then70:rem finished
 80 screen0:end
 90 rem return to text mode

 --------------------------------------
 Hope you'll enjoy using BASMOD; if you
 have questions, please be sure to ask!

                   SYSOP/Dave Paul
                     70007,1052

(1)  (c)COMPUTE! Publications, Inc.
From Commodore Magazine, 10-11/82
Jim Butterfield--C'64 Map
(partial reproduction--BASIC ROM only)
a000; rom control vectors
a00c; keyword action vectors
a052; function vectors
a080; operator vectors
a09e; keywords
a19e; error messages
a328; error message vectors
a365; misc messages
a38a; scan stack for for/gosub
a3b8; move memory
a3fb; check stack depth
a408; check memory space
a435; "out of memory"
a437; error routines
a469; break entry
a474; "ready."
a480; ready for basic
a49c; handle new line
a533; rechain lines
a560; receive input line
a646; "NEW"
a65e; "CLR"
a68e; "RUN" w/no line#
a69c; "LIST"
a742; "FOR"
a7ed; execute statement
a81d; "RESTORE"
a82c; break
a82f; "STOP"
a831; "END"
a857; "CONT"
a871; "RUN"
a883; "GOSUB"
a8a0; "GOTO"
a8d2; "RETURN"
a8f8; "DATA"
a906; scan for next statement
a928; "IF"
a93b; "REM"
a94b; "ON"
a96b; get fixed pt #
a9a5: "LET"
aa80; "PRINT#"
ab1e; print string beginning @ (y,a)
ab3b; print format char
ab4d; bad i/p routine
ab7b; "GET"
aba5; "INPUT#"
abbf; "INPUT"
abf9; prompt & i/p
ac06; "READ"
acfc; i/p error msgs
ad1e; "NEXT"
ad78; type match check
ad9e; eval expression
aea8; "PI"
aef1; eval in pa	n
aef7; handle right paren
aeff; handle comma
af08; syntax error
af14; range check
af28; search for variable
afa7; setup fn ref
afe6; "OR"
afe9; "AND"
b016; compare
b081; "DIM"
b08b; locate variable
b113; check alphabetic
b11d; create variable
b194; array pointer subrt
b1a5; value 2^15
b1b2; float-fixed
b1d1; set up array
b245; "bad subscript"
b248; "illegal quant"
b34c; compute array size
b37d; "FRE"
b391; fix-float
b39e; "POS"
b3a6; check for direct i/p err
b3b3; "DEF"
b3e1; check fn syntax
b3f4; "FN"
b	5; "STR$"
b475; calculate string vector
b487; set up string
b4f4; make room for string
b526; garbage collection
b5bd; check salvagability
b606; collect string
b63d; concat
b67a; build string to memory
b6a3; discard unwanted string
b6db; clean descriptor stack
b6ec; "CHR$"
b700; "LEFT$"
b72c; "RIGHT$"
b737; "MID$"
b761; pull string params
b77c; "LEN"
b782; exit string-mode
b78b; "ASC"
b79b; i/p byte pasm
b7ad; "VAL"
b7eb; params oor poke/wait
b7f7; float-fixed
b80d; "PEEK"
b824; "POKE"
b82d; "WAIT"
b849; +	
b850; subtract-from
b853; "-"
b86a; "+"
b947; complement float-accum#1
b97e; "overflow"
b983; multiply by 0-byte
b9ea; "LOG"
ba2b; "*"
ba59; multiply-a-bit
ba8c; memory to float-accum#2
bab7; adjust FAC#1/#2
bad4; under/overflow
bae2; multiply by 10
baf9; add 10 float
bafe; divide by 10
bb12; "/"
bba2; memory to FAC#1
bbc7; FAC#1 to memory
bbfc; FAC#2 to FAC#1
bc0c; FAC#1 to FAC#2
bc1b; round FAC#1
bc2b; get sign
bc39; "SGN"
bc58; "ABS"
bc5b; compare FAC#1 to mem
bc9b; float-fixed
bccc; "INT"
bcf3; strin	to FAC
bd7e; get ascii digit
bdc2; print "in.."
bdcd; print line #
bddd; float to ascii
bf16; decimal constants
bf3a; ti constants
bf71; "SQR"
bf7b; "^"
bfb4; unary "-"
bfed; "EXP"
Path:
news-master.compuserve.com!arl-news-svc-8.compuserve.com!newsgate.compuserve.c
om!news-hub.interserv.net!netnews.nwnet.net!news-sea-20.sprintlink.net!207.14.
7.19!news-sea-19.sprintlink.net!news-in-west.sprintlink.net!news-peer.sprintli
nk.net!news.sprintlink.net!Sprint!newsfeed.internetmci.com!207.69.200.61!minds
pring!news.mindspring.com!usenet
From: oasis.commodore@pipeline.com
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: Commodore BBS List - 14 Dec 1997
Date: Sun, 14 Dec 1997 22:56:02 GMT
Organization: Oasis Commodore Web Site and BBS
Lines: 1190
Message-ID: <34956397.60558931@news.pipeline.com>
References: <3484a540.887333234@news.pipeline.com>
Reply-To: oasis.commodore@pipeline.com
NNTP-Posting-Host: pool-206-80-186-179.lax.grid.net
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Server-Date: 14 Dec 1997 22:59:04 GMT
X-Newsreader: Forte Agent 1.5/32.451
Xref: news-master.compuserve.com comp.sys.cbm:71025

Commodore Bulletin Board List - 14 December 1997 

This is a list of all known OPEN Commodore Bulletin Board Systems
operated on GENUINE Commodore computers, sorted by country and
telephone number. The list is published at least once per month
(preferably twice per month), with no set schedule.

Certain items are abbreviated and those abbreviations can be found
near the  end of this document, after the credits. Readers are
encouraged to upload this list to any BBS and to notify me of any
additions/changes/corrections or recommendations.

If you would like to receive a copy of this list each time it is
published, respond to the usenet post requesting such or send a new
email message to oasis.commodore@pipeline.com. If you wish to keep the
list updated in any publication or online service, feel free to do so.
Search strings are provided at the end of this document.

CANADA:

Telephone Number.........403-246-5290
Location.................Calgary, Alberta 
BBS Name.................The Blarney Stone
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Irish
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........403-622-3395
Location.................Fox Creek, Alberta  
BBS Name.................Northern Outpost
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Quinn the Eskimo
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........403-734-2382
Location.................Gleichen, Alberta  
BBS Name.................Emergency Call
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Medic One
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........416-694-2193
Location.................Toronto, Ontario  
BBS Name.................The Vault
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede (formerly RAW)/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/JD, 500MB CHD
System Operator Name.....Mark Wigston (cc151@freenet.toronto.on.ca)
System Operator Handle...***STRAT***
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Mark Wigston
Comments:
In it for the long haul! Don't let the dream die.

Telephone Number.........905-427-6798
Location.................Ajax, Ontario  
BBS Name.................Warp Nine
BBS Software/Networks....C*Base 64 v3.0
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Not Given (scotty_78@hotmail.com)
System Operator Handle...Scotty
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....27 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........905-434-3905
Location.................Oshawa, Ontario  
BBS Name.................The Deadworld
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Paul Van Doleweerd
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........905-434-9730
Location.................Oshawa, Ontario  
BBS Name.................Spectrum
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64/SC64, 1.2GB CHD
System Operator Name.....Kristina Ebersbach (kristina@idirect.com)
System Operator Handle...Prism
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence:
http://webhome.idirect.com/~kristina/spectrum_bbs.html
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................Online Since 1987

Telephone Number.........905-579-9547
Location.................Oshawa, Ontario  
BBS Name.................Robyn's Nest
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Not Given (alm-pf@speedline.ca)
System Operator Handle...Robyn
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified On..27 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................None

UNITED STATES:

Telephone Number.........201-460-7955
Location.................Woodidge, New Jersey  
BBS Name.................Hidden Empire
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown (patrick873@aol.com)
System Operator Handle...Polish Warrior
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........206-384-4704
Location.................Ferndale, Washington  
BBS Name.................Future Mountain
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Bob Sisco (bsisco@az.com)
System Operator Handle...Iron Axe
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........206-840-1031
Location.................Puyallup, Washington  
BBS Name.................The Valley
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform.............C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Roller Man
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........208-587-7636
Location.................Mountain Home, Idaho  
BBS Name.................Pink Panther
BBS Software/Networks....Omni 128/Omni EchoNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Mad Max
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....20 Nov 1997 - Ed Paulsen
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........209-754-1363
Location.................San Andreas, California  
BBS Name.................Silicon Realms
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet, XNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64/CHD
System Operator Name.....Unknown (foxnhare@goldrush.com)
System Operator Handle...Joe Commodore
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence:
http://www.goldrush.com/~foxnhare/srlinfo.html
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........215-242-4604
Location.................Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  
BBS Name.................CHMAG
BBS Software/Networks....Image
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......9600 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........253-536-9353
Location.................Parkland, Washington  
BBS Name.................Omni World 128
BBS Software/Networks....Omni 128/Omni EchoNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Brian Bell
System Operator Handle...Dr. Midi
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....20 Nov 1997 - Ed Paulsen
Comments.................Omni 128 BBS HQ

Telephone Number.........253-565-6306
Location.................Fricrest, Washington  
BBS Name.................The Coffee Shop
BBS Software/Networks....Omni 128/Omni EchoNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...P.I.
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....20 Nov 1997 - Ed Paulsen
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........303-252-0735
Location.................Denver, Colorado  
BBS Name.................Batcave
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/LtK
System Operator Name.....Ron Fick (rfick@nyx.net)
System Operator Handle...Caped Crusader
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments:
The only source for new Lt. Kernal HD components.
1 of 2 main network hubs for C-Net 128 CommNet gateway.

Telephone Number.........303-617-9004
Location.................Aurora, Colorado  
BBS Name.................Royal Flush
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Maverick
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........303-745-7018
Location.................Aurora, Colorado  
BBS Name.................7-Eleven
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown (dbaay@lucent.com)
System Operator Handle...Xacto
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........303-985-3980
Location.................Lakewood, Colorado  
BBS Name.................Land of Oz
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown (dkoblis@worldnet.att.net)
System Operator Handle...Gandalf the Gray
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........304-697-0101
Location.................Huntington, West Virginia  
BBS Name.................Inner Circle
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink, CommNet, Net64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/16MB RL, 3.2GB CHD
System Operator Name.....John Pinson (icebbs@ramlink.net)
System Operator Handle...Iceman/ICE (formerly Top Cop)
Maximum Modem Speed......38.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............http://ram.ramlink.net/~icebbs/
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments:
ICE HQ, worlds largest commodore BBS (or so he thinks).

Telephone Number.........305-258-5039
Location.................Miami, Florida  
BBS Name.................DiamondBack
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Mike Egleston
System Operator Handle...SMS Mike
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments:
1 of 2 main network hubs for C-Net 128 CommNet gateway

Telephone Number.........309-764-7084
Location.................Moline, Illinois  
BBS Name.................Get It Here
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown (the-mage@worldnet.att.net)
System Operator Handle...The Mage
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified On..24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........312-434-0142
Location.................Chicago, Illinois  
BBS Name.................The Blade Shop
BBS Software/Networks....V128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........314-451-6901
Location.................Pacific, Missouri 
BBS Name.................Palisades
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Ron Hooper
System Operator Handle...Fatboy
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
Networks.................ComLink
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Dick Cunningham
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........314-894-9271
Location.................St. Louis, Missouri  
BBS Name.................Deja Vu
BBS Software/Networks....V128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........318-425-4382
Location.................Shreveport, Louisiana 
BBS Name.................Loadstar Disk
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Jeff Jones (jeff@loadstar.com)
System Operator Handle...Jeff Jones
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............http://www.loadstar.com/
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........318-687-0028
Location.................Shreveport, Louisiana  
BBS Name.................Centsible System
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Bo Fain
System Operator Handle...Centsible One
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified On..25 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........330-833-6159
Location.................Massillon, Ohio  
BBS Name.................Arrakis
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown (nurse1@cmh.net)
System Operator Handle...Muad Dib
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........360-373-2715
Location.................Bremerton, Washington
BBS Name.................The Phoenix
BBS Software/Networks....Omni 128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Radar
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....30 Oct 1997 - Fungus - F4CG/Carcass
Comments.................Support for VIC20, C64, C128, Amiga

Telephone Number.........360-647-7120
Location.................Bellingham, Washington  
BBS Name.................Castle Royale
BBS Software/Networks....Image/Future Net to CommNet, WorldNet, XNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name. ...Terry (schlange1@aol.com)
System Operator Handle...Schlange
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified On..30 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........360-675-7172
Location.................Oak Harbor, Washington  
BBS Name.................The Club House
BBS Software/Networks....V128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......9600 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........402-393-2985
Location.................Omaha, Nebraska  
BBS Name.................First Contact
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown (valdar2@aol.com)
System Operator Handle...Valdar
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........405-672-8995
Location.................Oklahoma City, Oklahoma  
BBS Name.................Digital Power
BBS Software/Networks....Image
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......9600 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........405-793-9892
Location.................Moore, Oklahoma  
BBS Name.................Meg II's Altitude
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Flyboy
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........414-437-9970
Location.................Green Bay, Wisconsin  
BBS Name.................Boots
BBS Software/Networks....V128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........414-521-2440
Location.................Waukesha, Wisconsin  
BBS Name.................Dumbo's Flying Circus
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Dumbo
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........415-441-1120
Location.................San Francisco, California  
BBS Name.................Ultimate Force
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink, Net64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/16MB RL, 4GB CHD
System Operator Name.....Kenneth Nealey (wizard_2@pacbell.net)
System Operator Handle...Megga Force
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............http://home.pacbell.net/wizard_2/
Open Status Verified.....21 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................Largest Commodore BBS in Northern California

Telephone Number.........425-334-8298
Location.................Everett, Washington  
BBS Name.................Home Port
BBS Software/Networks....V128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Sailor
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Fungus - F4CG/Carcass
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........425-775-9953  
Location.................Lynnwood, Washington
.........................Moving to Sacramento, California in Jan 1998
BBS Name.................Twisted Sky
BBS Software/Networks....Omni 128/Omni EchoNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Ed Paulsen
System Operator Handle...Sky Knight
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....20 Nov 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................Files for VIC20, C64, PLUS 4, C128, Amiga

Telephone Number.........502-933-5397
Location.................Louisville, Kentucky  
BBS Name.................Lucky
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Dave Snyder
System Operator Handle...Dave Snyder
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........503-254-6011
Location.................Portland, Oregon  
BBS Name.................Jim's Room
BBS Software/Networks....Color SML
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........518-783-1631
Location.................Cohoes, New York
BBS Name.................Beaky
BBS Software/Networks....Color SML
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........602-827-2706
Location.................Tempe, Arizona
BBS Name.................Twilight Zone
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/16MB RL, 1GB CHD
System Operator Name.....Tim Allen (dynamite@mindspring.com)
System Operator Handle...Dynamite
Maximum Modem Speed......28.8K BPS (Hayes Optima 28.8)
WWW Presence.............http://dynamite.home.mindspring.com/
Open Status Verified.....21 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments:
Color 64 V7 Freeware Distribution BBS.
In process of switching from V128 to Centipede.

Telephone Number.........602-834-5631
Location.................Mesa, Arizona
BBS Name.................Apache War Drums
BBS Software/Networks....Color 64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Naich Warren
System Operator Handle...Golden Eagle
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................War Board

Telephone Number.........602-849-2892
Location.................Phoenix, Arizona
BBS Name.................Oasis Commodore
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/16MB RL, 1GB CHD
System Operator Name.....Dick Cunningham
.........................(oasis.commodore@pipeline.com)
System Operator Handle...Wanderer
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............http://oasis.home.pipeline.com/
Open Status Verified.....21 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................Centipede Add-On Support

Telephone Number.........607-735-0469
Location.................Elmira, New York  
BBS Name.................Tower
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...The Tower
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........609-451-7485
Location.................Bridgeton, New Jersey  
BBS Name.................C= Support Center
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Gordon Thomas (g.thomas43@genie.com)
System Operator Handle...The Director
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........609-587-4495
Location.................Mercerville, New Jersey  
BBS Name.................Bass Planet
BBS Software/Networks....C*Base 64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........610-834-9694
Location.................Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania 
BBS Name.................The Mailbox
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform:............C128-64/16MB RL, 85MB CHD
System Operator Name.....Nelson Schrock (n.schrock@genie.com)
System Operator Handle...Keymaster
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS (Zoom 33.6)
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........612-533-5267
Location.................Minneapolis, Minnesota
BBS Name.................The Last Stand
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Mike Martin (mmartin@pclink.com)
System Operator Handle...Voyager
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 October 1997 - Dick Cunningham
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........614-522-6563
Location.................Newark, OH
BBS Name.................Cygnus X-1
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Michael Bendure (mbendure@infinet.com)
System Operator Handle...Mitron
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............http://www.infinet.com/~mbendure/cnet/
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments:
This is the main hub that all gateways connect to for CommNet.

Telephone Number.........616-795-4896
Location.................Middleville, Michigan  
BBS Name.................Gremline
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Mark Newman
System Operator Handle...Gremlin
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........616-962-1390
Location.................Battle Creek, Michigan  
BBS Name.................Cereal City
BBS Software/Networks....Omni 128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........619-390-0351
Location.................Lakeside, California  
BBS Name.................Golden Reef
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Fisheye
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 October 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........619-390-7483
Location.................Lakeside, California
BBS Name.................Dream Factory
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Gordon Wright
System Operator Handle...Chameleon/CSD
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........619-697-7892
Location.................Lamesa, California
BBS Name.................Color King
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Rambo
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

(C)
Telephone Number.........619-874-6921
Location.................San Diego, California
BBS Name.................The Abyss
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/2GB CHD
System Operator Name.....Not Given
System Operator Handle...Eddie
Maximum Modem Speed......28.8K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Dick Cunningham
Comments.................They're Back!

Telephone Number.........702-399-2415
Location.................Las Vegas, Nevada
BBS Name.................First Blood
BBS Software/Networks....Color 64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128-64/5MB Storage
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Big Bob
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....22 Oct 1997 - Hernan Vergara
Comments.................One of the first BBS's in the U.S.

Telephone Number.........702-434-3034
Location.................Las Vegas, Nevada
BBS Name.................Excalibur BBS
BBS Software/Networks....Image/Network Name Unknown
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128-64/200MB Storage
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Night Owl
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....21 Oct 1997 - Hernan Vergara
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........702-673-9731
Location.................Sun Valley, Nevada
BBS Name.................The CBN Sports Network
BBS Software/Networks....V128/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Charles Nichols (sendhols@aol.com)
System Operator Handle...Grampa
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 October 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................Family Oriented BBS

Telephone Number.........702-673-2927
Location.................Sun Valley, Nevada
BBS Name.................Sunlight
BBS Software/Networks....V128/Net64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....William Creveling IV
System Operator Handle...Shadow Blue
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Dick Cunningham
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........702-792-5064
Location.................Las Vegas, Nevada
BBS Name.................The Repair Shop
BBS Software/Networks....Color 64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128-64/2 1571's
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Mr. Fixit
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....21 October 1997 - Hernan Vergara
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........703-669-1244
Location.................Bristol, Virginia
BBS Name.................Seek and Destroy
BBS Software/Networks....V128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........708-986-1295
Location.................Darien, Illinois
BBS Name.................North Pole
BBS Software/Networks....V128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........713-471-6503
Location.................Laporte, Texas  
BBS Name.................Harry's Asylum
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Dr. Harry
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........713-852-7028
Location.................Humble, Texas  
BBS Name.................Power House
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Jack Followay (powerhouse@usa.net)
System Operator Handle...Rascal
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
Networks.................CommNet
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........714-828-7296 (Line 1), 714-952-2696 (Line 2
.........................which is ComLink Hub from 11 PM - 6 AM PST)
Location.................Cypress, California  
BBS Name.................Nature Reserve
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/multiplexed LtK
System Operator Name.....Adam Fanello (adamf@acm.org)
System Operator Handle...Ant
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS (Both Ports)
WWW Presence.............http://www.bugsoftware.com/
Open Status Verified.....21 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................Centipede & V128 HQ

Telephone Number.........714-848-4692
Location.................Huntington Beach, California  
BBS Name.................The Huntington Connection
BBS Software/Networks....Image
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........717-845-7175
Location.................York, Pennsylvania
BBS Name.................Fourth Dimension
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Overlord
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........718-680-8038
Location.................Brooklyn, New York
BBS Name.................Conquer the City
BBS Software/Networks....Omni 128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......9600 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........804-393-2949
Location.................Portsmouth, Virginia
BBS Name.................Portsmouth Commodore Users Group
BBS Software/Networks....Color 64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........804-393-4964
Location.................Portsmouth, Virginia
BBS Name.................Ski Resort
BBS Software/Networks....Color 64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........804-422-4671
Location.................Virginia Beach, Virginia
BBS Name.................Channel 19
BBS Software/Networks....V128
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........804-431-2854
Location.................Virginia Beach, Virginia  
BBS Name.................Network 23
BBS Software/Networks....Color SML
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........804-474-2562
Location.................Virginia Beach, Virginia
BBS Name.................Spidey's Web
BBS Software/Networks....V128/ComLink
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Denny Byrd (spidey@unix.aardvarkol.com)
System Operator Handle...Spiderman
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....22 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........805-382-1125
Location.................Oxnard, California 
BBS Name.................Civic 64/128 BBS
BBS Software/Networks....Omni 128/Omni EchoNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/1.28GB CHD
System Operator Name.....Ben Holmes (bnholmes@rain.org)
System Operator Handle...Ben Holmes
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....26 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................Many Utilities

Telephone Number.........810-258-9864
Location.................Birmingham, Michigan
BBS Name.................Starfleet Command
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Deacon One
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........813-254-3799
Location.................Tampa, Florida  
BBS Name.................The Lighthouse BBS
BBS Software/Networks....Image 1.2a
BBS Platform/Hardware....Commodore 64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Trout
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....26 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments.................Very good Commodore Graphics BBS

Telephone Number.........813-839-0240
Location.................Tampa, Florida
BBS Name.................The Raven's Nest
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128-64/1GB CHD
System Operator Name.....Unknown (nestbbs@gte.net)
System Operator Handle...The Raven
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............http://home1.gte.net/nestbbs/homepage.htm
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 97 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................Supports Tampa Commodore Users Group (TCUG)

Telephone Number.........813-986-6786
Location.................Tampa, Florida
BBS Name.................Magic's Realm
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Demon
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
Networks.................CommNet
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........818-265-9888
Location.................Glendale, California  
BBS Name.................The RoadHouse!
BBS Software/Networks....Centipede/ComLink, Net64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/JD, 170MB CHD
System Operator Name.....Sean Kilian (cpnknight@earthlink.net)
System Operator Handle...Captain Knight
Maximum Modem Speed......57.6K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....22 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................Messages, Games

Telephone Number.........901-584-2588
Location.................Camden, Tennessee
BBS Name.................Live Zone
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Night Person
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........903-839-3668
Location.................Whitehouse, Texas
BBS Name.................Black Iris
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 64 DS2/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown (slknight@ballistic.com)
System Operator Handle...Raven
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........904-221-3808
Location.................Jacksonville, Florida
BBS Name.................The Bos'un Locker
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Boats
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........904-284-2175
Location.................Green Cove Springs, Florida  
BBS Name.................The Boiler Room
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Ed Wilson
System Operator Handle...Fred Kruger
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
Networks.................CommNet
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Jim Caldwell
Comments:
Main Network Hub for Image CommNet Gateway

Telephone Number.........905-427-6798
Location.................Unknown
BBS Name.................Warp Nine
BBS Software/Networks....C*Base 64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........914-962-0194
Location.................Yorktown Heights, New York  
BBS Name.................STAR-Link
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Darth
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
Networks.................CommNet
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........919-732-9309
Location.................Hillsborough, North Carolina (Raleigh)
BBS Name.................Starfleet Command
BBS Software/Networks....V128/Net64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128/1GB CHD
System Operator Name.....Matthew Price (admyank@worldnet.att.net)
System Operator Handle...Admiral Yank
Maximum Modem Speed......19.2K BPS
WWW Presence.............http://home.att.net/~admyank
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................Star Trek oriented with amenities

Telephone Number.........931-648-0577
Location.................Indian Mound,TN  
BBS Name.................The Dungeon
BBS Software/Networks....C*Base v3.2/C*Base Specific Network
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128-64/4MB RL parallel to 120MB CHD
System Operator Name.....Currey
System Operator Handle...Scorpio
Maximum Modem Speed......19.2K BPS (14.4K Modem)
WWW Presence.............http://www.public.usit.net/scorpio/
Open Status Verified.....16 Nov 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................Files section, games, message bases

Telephone Number.........941-656-5613
Location.................N. Fort Myers, Florida
BBS Name.................Kapital K'pers
BBS Software/Networks....Image/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64/SC64
System Operator Name.....Jim Caldwell (wa3swm@iline.com)
System Operator Handle...Range Rover
Maximum Modem Speed......14.4K BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - System Operator
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........941-748-6618
Location.................Bradenton, Florida  
BBS Name.................Star Base 2
BBS Software/Networks....Color 64
BBS Platform/Hardware....C64
System Operator Name.....Unknown
System Operator Handle...Unknown
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....25 Oct 1997 - Kenneth Nealey
Comments.................None

Telephone Number.........970-245-2961
Location.................Grand Junction, Colorado  
BBS Name.................Infinite Loop
BBS Software/Networks....C-Net 128/CommNet
BBS Platform/Hardware....C128
System Operator Name.....Unknown (earlw@massive.gj.net)
System Operator Handle...EWWfishbone
Maximum Modem Speed......2400 BPS
WWW Presence.............None
Open Status Verified.....24 Oct 1997 - Kristina Ebersbach
Comments.................None

Credits:

Jim Caldwell............(kapital1@juno.com)..............25 Oct 97
Kristina Ebersbach......(kristina@idirect.com)...........25 Oct 97
Kenneth Nealey..........(wizard_2@pacbell.net)...........25 Oct 97
Hernan Vergara..........(hvergara@coyote.accessnv.com)...25 Oct 97
Mark Wigston............(cc151@freenet.toronto.on.ca)....25 Oct 97
Fungus - F4CG/Carcass...(fungus@c64.org).................30 Oct 97
Nelson Schrock..........(n.schrock@genie.com)............02 Nov 97
Ed Paulsen..............(epaulsen@netisle.net)...........20 Nov 97

Abbreviations:

C64.........Commodore 64, 64C or SX 64
C128........Commodore 128 or 128D
C128-64.....Commodore 128 or 128D operated in 64 Mode
CHD.........CMD Hard Drive
Color SML...Color 64 Super ML
Color V8....Color 64 Version 8
JD..........JiffyDOS
LtK.........Lieutenant Kernal Hard Drive
RL..........RAMLink
SC64........Super CPU 64
SC128.......Super CPU 128
V128........V128

Search Strings:

(A) - Entry added.
(C) - Entry altered (other than telephone number).
(D) - Entry deleted.
(M) - Entry moved due to telephone number change.
         *  BLOCK EDIT.DOC  *

1 INTRODUCTION

  THIS PROGRAM IS INTENDED MORE AS AN
AID TO PROGRAMMING GRAPHICS THAN AS A
THING UNTO ITSELF. I AM GOING TO BE
ASSUMING A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF KNOW-
LEDGE ON THE PART OF THE USER ABOUT THE
C64'S PROGRAMMABLE CHARACTER GRAPHICS.
IF YOU STILL HAVE SOMETHING TO LEARN
ABOUT THE MACHINE (DON'T WE ALL), I
CAN STRONGLY RECOMMEND MAPPING THE
COMMODORE 64, BY SHELDON LEEMAN
(COMPUTE! BOOKS). THE PROGRAMMER'S
REFERENCE GUIDE FROM COMMODORE ALSO
COVERS THE SUBJECT, BUT NOT AS CLEARLY.

  BLOCK EDIT IS INTENDED TO ALLOW THE
EDITING AND SAVING OF CUSTOM CHARACTER
SETS, BUT IT IS NOT ORIENTED TOWARD THE
CREATION OF NORMAL SIZED, 8 BY 8 PIXEL
CHARACTERS. INSTEAD, IT GROUPS THESE
CHARACTERS IN BLOCKS OF 4 TO PRODUCE
16 BY 16 PIXEL, DOUBLE SIZED CHARACTERS,
HENCEFORTH TO BE REFERRED TO AS BLOCKS.
IT ALSO STORES A 256 BYTE 'COLORFILE'
AFTER THE END OF THE CHARACTER SHAPE
DATA, WITH AN INDIVIDUAL COLOR FOR EACH
CHARACTER WITHIN THE SET. THIS ALSO
ALLOWS INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERS TO BE
EITHER 8 BY 8, HI RESOLUTION, 2 COLOR;
OR 4(WIDE) BY 8, MULTICOLOR, 4 COLOR.
THESE MODES CAN BE MIXED WITHIN A SINGLE
BLOCK. FOR A QUICK EXAMPLE OF WHAT ALL
THIS IS GOOD FOR, LOAD"BLOCK EDIT.O",8
AND RUN IT. THE TITLE ITSELF IS ALL
HI-RES, AND THE LITTLE FELLOW IS MULTI-
COLOR.
  BLOCK EDIT WAS WRITTEN IN ASSEMBLER,
USING LEW LASHER'S VE2 TEXT EDITOR AND
AS2 ASSEMBLER. THESE PROGRAMS ARE
AVAILABLE ON THE BOSTON COMPUTER SOCIETY
COMMODORE USER'S GROUP PUBLIC DOMAIN
UTILITIES DISK # 3. THANKS, LEW.

2 DEFINITIONS

  BLOCK: 4 CHARACTERS ARRANGED ON THE
SCREEN IN A 2 BY 2 PATTERN. THE RELATIVE
POSITION OF THE CHARACTERS WITHIN A
BLOCK, BY SCREEN CODE, IS THIS:

BLOCK #0 0,1  #1 4,5 ...... #63 252,253
         2,3     6,7            254,255

  CHARACTERSET: 2048 BYTES OF CHARACTER
DATA (256 * 8), FOLLOWED BY A 256 BYTE
COLORFILE. THIS EDITOR WILL SAVE FROM
$800 (2048) TO $10FF (4351). IT WILL
LOAD A SET FROM ANY SOURCE AT $800,
REGARDLESS OF THE START ADDRESS IN THE
FILE HEADER. A COLORFILE WILL BE 
CREATED BY THE ACT OF SELECTING COLORS
(CTRL N). LOADING A FILE LONGER THAN
$900 (2304) BYTES LONG WILL WRITE OVER
PART OF THE EDITOR, WITH UNPREDICTABLE
RESULTS. FILES SAVED FROM THIS EDITOR
WILL HAVE A START ADDRESS OF $800 IN
THE HEADER. THE EDITOR USES PRG FORMAT
FILES ONLY.

  COLORFILE: THE LAST 256 BYTES OF A
CHARACTERSET, STARTING AT $1000,
CONTAINING THE COLOR INFORMATION FOR
EACH CHARACTER IN THE SET. BITS 0-2
CONTAIN THE FOREGROUND COLOR, BIT 3
DETERMINES MULTI-COLOR MODE (1 = ON),
AND BITS 4-7 ARE NOT USED, EXCEPT IN
THE FIRST 3 BYTES OF THE FILE. THESE
THREE BYTES USE BITS 4-7 TO STORE, IN
ORDER, THE BACKGROUND COLOR, MULTICOLOR
2, AND MULTICOLOR3.

  EDIT MODE: THE NORMAL OPERATING MODE
OF THIS PROGRAM. AT THE TOP LEFT OF THE
SCREEN WILL BE THE EDIT DISPLAY, A 16
BY 16 CHARACTER DISPLAY OF THE CURRENT
BLOCK. AT THE CENTER RIGHT OF THE SCREEN
THE ACTUAL BLOCK WILL BE DISPLAYED. ON
THE EDIT DISPLAY WILL BE A SMALL BOX
WITH WHITE TOP AND BOTTOM, AND BLACK
SIDES. THIS IS THE CURSOR, WHICH COVERS
ONE PIXEL AT A TIME.

  HI-RES MODE: CHARACTER DATA IS
DISPLAYED ONE BIT AT A TIME, WITH 1 BITS
BEING FOREGROUND COLOR, AND 0 BITS
BACKGROUND COLOR.

  MULTI-COLOR MODE: CHARACTER DATA IS
DISPLAYED TWO BITS AT A TIME, WITH 00
BIT PAIRS BACKGROUND COLOR, 01 BIT PAIRS
MULTICOLOR2, 10 BIT PAIRS MULTICOLOR3,
AND 11 BIT PAIRS FOREGROUND COLOR.
HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION IS SACRIFICED FOR
MORE COLORS, SINCE THE MULTICOLOR PIXELS
ARE TWICE AS WIDE AS HI-RES ONES.

3 USING THE EDITOR

  TO START UP: LOAD"BLOCK EDIT.O",8 THEN
RUN. YOUR C64 MUST BE IN A NORMAL CON-
FIGURATION AS FAR AS THE START OF BASIC
GOES. IF YOU ARE IN ANY DOUBT, RESET THE
MACHINE (RESET BUTTON, OR POWER OFF, OR
SYS 64738) BEFORE LOADING.

  TO SKIP TITLE: LOAD PROGRAM, THEN SYS
4352

  AFTER THE TITLE, YOU WILL SEE A
COMMAND SUMMARY. IN GENERAL, SINGLE
KEYSTROKES DO EASILY REVERSIBLE THINGS,
SUCH AS EDITING PIXELS, OR SELECTING THE
BLOCK TO BE EDITED. CONTROL KEYS (CTRL
PRESSED SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH ANOTHER KEY)
WILL DO THINGS YOU'LL WANT TO BE MORE
CAREFUL WITH, SUCH AS ERASING ENTIRE
BLOCKS, OR LOADING A NEW CHARACTERSET
OVER THE CURRENT ONE.
  THE NEXT THING YOU WILL SEE IS THE
LOAD ROUTINE PROMPT. IF YOU ARE STARTING
A NEW SET, DOWNLOAD THE ROM CHARACTERS
FIRST. SEE THE FINAL SECTION FOR WHY.
OTHERWISE, LOAD THE SET YOU WANT TO WORK
ON FROM DISK. IF YOU WANT TO SEE THE
TITLE ROUTINE AND CHARACTERS, SELECT
EITHER ROM OR DISK AND THEN RETURN TO 
THE EDITOR. YOU WILL THEN HAVE TO USE
CTRL N TO SET A COLOR, SINCE EVERYTHING
IS INITIALIZED TO BLACK. AFTER THAT, A
D COMMAND WILL DISPLAY THE CURRENT SET
IN SOMETHING OTHER THAN BLACK ON BLACK.
  THE BEST WAY TO LEARN THE EDIT MODE IS
TO MESS AROUND WITH IT. ? WILL GIVE YOU
BACK THE COMMAND SUMMARY WHEN IN EDIT,
AND ALL OF THE NON EDIT MODES GIVE
PROMPTS AND CAN BE BACKED OUT OF WITHOUT
CHANGING ANYTHING.

  COMMANDS: EDIT MODE

  CURSOR KEYS: THESE WILL MOVE THE 
CURSOR AROUND THE EDIT DISPLAY AT THE
LEFT OF THE SCREEN. NOTE THAT THE CURSOR
WILL GO OFF THE BOTTOM OR RIGHT OF THE
DISPLAY, AND RETURN ON THE NEXT ROW OR
COLUMN. AT THE TOP OR LEFT, THE CURSOR
WILL STOP. THE MODE A GIVEN CHARACTER IS
IN IS INDICATED BY THE CURSOR WIDTH. IT
WILL AUTOMATICALLY SWITCH SIZE, DEPEND-
ING ON THE PIXEL SIZE - SINGLE FOR HI-
RES, AND DOUBLE FOR MULTI-COLOR.

  1,2,3,4: THESE WILL SET THE PIXEL
UNDER THE CURSOR TO 1) BACKGROUND COLOR
2) MULTICOLOR2  3) MULTICOLOR3  4) FORE-
GROUND COLOR. IF THE CHARACTER THE
CURSOR IS ON IS IN HI-RES MODE, 2 AND 3
WILL HAVE NO EFFECT.

  B: THIS WILL GO TO BLOCK SELECT MODE.
IT WILL DISPLAY THE CURRENT BLOCK#, AND
ALLOW YOU TO CHANGE THIS USING THE + AND
- KEYS. IF YOU JUST WANT TO KNOW THE
CURRENT BLOCK#, HIT B, THEN HIT RETURN
WITHOUT USING + OR -.

  C: THIS WILL ALLOW YOU TO SELECT A NEW
FOREGROUND COLOR FOR THE CHARACTER THAT
THE CURSOR IS ON. USE + OR - TO SELECT
THE COLOR# AND HIT RETURN. YOUR OPTIONS
HERE ARE LIMITED TO THE FIRST EIGHT
COLORS. THIS IS A TRADEOFF FOR THE
MULTICOLOR CAPABILITY.

  D: THIS WILL DISPLAY THE ENTIRE SET.
BLOCK# 0 IS AT THE UPPER LEFT, AND THE
REST ARE IN NUMERIC ORDER TO BLOCK# 63
AT THE LOWER RIGHT. HITTING ANY KEY WILL
RETURN TO EDIT MODE.

  H: THIS WILL SET THE CHARACTER THAT
THE CURSOR IS ON TO HI-RES MODE.

  M: THIS WILL SET THE CHARACTER THAT
THE CURSOR IS ON TO MULTI-COLOR MODE.

  +: THIS WILL DISPLAY FOR EDIT THE NEXT
HIGHER BLOCK.

  -: THIS WILL DISPLAY FOR EDIT THE NEXT
LOWER BLOCK.

  ?: THIS WILL PRINT A COMMAND SUMMARY
ON SCREEN.

  CTRL E: THIS WILL ERASE THE CURRENTLY
SELECTED BLOCK.

  CTRL L: THIS WILL GO TO THE LOAD
ROUTINE. YOU WILL BE GIVEN THE OPTION TO
DOWNLOAD EITHER OF THE ROM CHARACTER
SETS, OR TO LOAD A SET FROM DISK. ONCE
YOU HAVE SELECTED ONE OR THE OTHER, YOU
CAN RETURN TO EDIT MODE WITHOUT LOADING
ANYTHING BY HITTING RETURN WITH NO FILE-
NAME. NOTE THAT THIS ALSO WORKS FOR THE
SAVE ROUTINE. IF A DISK ERROR OCCURS,
THE ERROR# AND NAME WILL BE PRINTED, AND
YOU WILL BE ASKED IF YOU WANT TO TRY
AGAIN. A NO ANSWER WILL RETURN YOU TO
THE EDIT MODE.

  CTRL N: THIS WILL ALLOW YOU TO SET NEW
COLORS. THE FOREGROUND COLOR IS OPTION-
AL, SINCE CHANGING THAT FOR THE WHOLE
SET INVOLVES CHANGING ALL THE COLORFILE
BYTES AND POSSIBLY LOSING MUCH INFOR-
MATION IF YOU HAVE BEEN VARYING COLOR ON
AN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER BASIS. THE
BACKGROUND AND MULTICOLORS ARE GLOBAL
IN ANY CASE, INVOLVING THE SETTING OF
THE BACKGROUND COLOR REGISTER AT $D021
(53281), THE COLOR REGISTERS AT
$D022 (MULTICOLOR2) AND $D023 (MULTI-
COLOR3), AND THE SETTING OF THE FIRST
THREE BYTES OF THE COLORFILE.

CTRL S: THIS WILL GO TO THE SAVE
ROUTINE. IF YOU WANT TO WRITE OVER AN
EXISTING FILE, ADD '@0:' TO THE START
OF THE FILENAME. IF A DISK ERROR OCCURS,
THE ERROR# AND NAME WILL BE PRINTED, AND
YOU WILL BE ASKED IF YOU WANT TO TRY
AGAIN. A NO ANSWER WILL RETURN YOU TO
THE EDIT MODE.

  CTRL T: THIS WILL TRANSFER THE
CURRENTLY SELECTED BLOCK TO A NEW
LOCATION. THE ROUTINE WILL ASK YOU TO
SELECT THE NEW LOCATION. IT IS A GOOD
IDEA TO USE THE D COMMAND TO FIGURE OUT
WHAT YOU WANT WRITTEN OVER BEFORE DOING
A TRANSFER. THE BLOCK YOU TRANSFER ALSO
STAYS IN ITS OLD LOCATION, AND THE BLOCK
THAT WAS AT THE NEW LOCATION IS LOST.

  CTRL X: THIS WILL EXIT TO EITHER A
MONITOR (OR OTHER PROGRAM) AT $C000
(49152), OR IT WILL COLDSTART BASIC
BY DOING A JMP $FCE2 (64738).
IF YOU WANT TO RESTART THE EDITOR,
FROM A MONITOR IT WOULD TAKE G 1100.
FROM BASIC TRY SYS 4352. THIS ALL
ASSUMES THAT YOU HAVEN'T OVERWRITTEN
IT IN THE MEANTIME.

  IN GENERAL, COMMANDS THAT REQUIRE
FURTHER INPUT FROM YOU WILL PROMPT YOU
AS THEY PROCEED. SINGLE LETTER RESPONSES
WON'T NEED A RETURN AFTER THEM.

4 USING THE BLOCKS

  YOU SHOULD HAVE GOTTEN A THREE PART,
BASIC LANGUAGE DEMO WITH THIS. THE FIRST
PART, BLOCK.DEMOSTART, IS A ONE LINE
PROGRAM THAT SETS THE START OF BASIC TO
4352, JUST PAST THE END OF THE COLOR-
FILE, AND LOADS THE SECOND PART, BLOCK.
DEMO . THIS THEN LOADS THE CHARACTERSET
DEMOSET, SETS UP THE COLORS, AND SHOWS
THE DEMO.
  FEEL FREE TO USE THESE ROUTINES TO
WRITE YOUR OWN PROGRAMS AROUND. THEY ARE
EXTENSIVELY REM'D AND FAIRLY MODULAR.
ONE WARNING - THE BLOCK DRAW ROUTINE
(LINE 9000) WRITES DIRECT TO THE SCREEN
AND COLOR MEMORIES, AND THE X, Y, AND
BLOCK# VALUES ARE NOT RANGECHECKED. IF
YOU PASS VALUES OUTSIDE THE LEGAL RANGE,
YOU WILL EITHER WRITE TO THE WRONG PLACE
OR PRODUCE AN ILLEGAL QUANTITY ERROR.
  IF YOU ARE PROGRAMMING IN SOME OTHER
LANGUAGE, THE DEMO SHOULD STILL BE
USEFUL TO YOU IN TERMS OF SHOWING WHAT
SHOULD HAPPEN WHEN IN ORDER TO DISPLAY
BLOCKS.
  IF YOU NEED TO HAVE NORMAL TEXT AND
BLOCKS ON SCREEN AT THE SAME TIME, THE
BEST WAY TO GO ABOUT IT IS TO PRESERVE
THE NORMAL CHARACTERS THAT YOU WILL
NEED WHEN YOU EDIT THE SET. IF YOU DON'T
CHANGE THE FIRST 16 BLOCKS DOWNLOADED
FROM ROM, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO PRINT THE
FIRST 64 CHARACTERS NORMALLY AND STILL
HAVE 48 BLOCKS (# 16-63) AVAILABLE.

5 LIMITATIONS
  YOU WILL HAVE NOTICED BY NOW THAT
YOU DON'T SEE TEXT AND BLOCKS AT THE
SAME TIME IN THE EDITOR. THIS IS BECAUSE
I'M TOO LAZY TO DO THE SORT OF INTERRUPT
DRIVEN ROUTINE THAT WOULD BE NEEDED TO
SWITCH FROM RAM TO ROM SETS IN MID
SCREEN, AND SINCE THIS IS AN EDITOR
THERE IS NO CERTAINTY THAT THE RAM SET
CURRENTLY BEING USED WILL CONTAIN ANY
PARTICULAR CHARACTER. AHAH! YOU WILL
SAY - WHAT DOES HE USE TO PRODUCE THE
EDIT DISPLAY? THE ANSWER IS THE LAST 4
CHARACTERS IN THE SET. CHARACTERS 252-
255 ARE SET TO THE PROPER SHAPES TO
DISPLAY SOLID BLOCKS OF ALL 4 COLORS
WHEN THE ROM SET IS DOWNLOADED. THE
RESULT IS THAT IF YOU GO TO BLOCK #63
AND START EDITING IT, VERY PECULIAR
THINGS HAPPEN TO THE EDIT DISPLAY.
NOTE THAT THIS DOES NOT AFFECT EITHER
THE ACTUAL BLOCK DISPLAYED ON THE RIGHT,
OR THE SET IN MEMORY (BEYOND THE EDIT
CHANGES THEMSELVES). WHAT THIS ALL MEANS
IS THAT YOU WILL HAVE TO LEAVE #63 TO
LAST, AND ALSO THAT IF YOU LOAD A SET
FROM SOME OTHER SOURCE YOU WILL WANT TO
GO TO #63 FIRST AND CHANGE IT TO THE
EDIT SHAPES.

  I'D BE INTERESTED IN HEARING ANYTHING
YOU COME UP WITH IN THE WAY OF BUGS,
QUESTIONS, SUGGESTIONS,ETC. I WOULD LOVE
TO SEE ANY APPLICATIONS YOU COME UP
WITH. I WILL GUARANTEE AN (ATTEMPTED)
ANSWER TO ANY QUESTIONS SENT WITH A
SASE. MY ADDRESS IS:

                HENRY VANDERBILT
                804 PARKER ST.
                BOSTON,MA. 02120

  I CAN OCCASIONALLY BE REACHED BY
PHONE AT 617 442-5295. I CAN HANDLE
XMODEM FILE TRANSFERS AT 300 BAUD.
@                         Using the Forth Assembler

What this file is:
   A lot of the mail I have been getting about Blazin' Forth concerns the
use of CODE and ;CODE definitions, and combining assembly language with
Forth.  It recently occurred to me that a lot of people don't know how to
use the Forth assembler - and are therefore missing out on a considerable
amount of the power of the Forth language. So this is an attempt at a
tutorial in using Assembler in Forth, and in using it in the BFC in
particular.  Much of what I say here should be applicable to other 6502
Forth implementations - but not necessarily all. Consider yourself warned.

What this file is not:
   This is *not* a course in machine language programming.  If you need
information on the basics of using assembly language, then consult a good
text - my personal favorites are the ones by Lance Leventhal, but there are
many good ones around.

General Considerations:
   Using CODE and ;CODE words are frowned upon in programs which attempt to
be portable.  In fact, the quickest way to insure that your programs are not
83 Standard is to use the word CODE in them.
   Having said this however, there is much to be said for incorporating a
few code definitions in Forth programs.  Typically, a program will spend
most of its time in one or two words - by recoding these words in assembler,
the overall speed of the program can be increased manyfold - 50% increases
or more are not unusual, and for very little work.
   Also, the incompatibility is not as great as it would appear at first.
It is probably safe to say that the most popular 8-bit personal computers
use the 6502 CPU (Apple II, C64 C128, Atari line etc.). As long as your CODE
definitions are not accessing special hardware features (such as the SID
chip in the C64) most code definitions will work on all computers using the
same CPU. I have shared CODE definitions with friends who have Apples and
Ataris running Forth, and I have never yet had to modify one.
   Finally, Forth is the easiest language there is to combine with machine
language.  Many of the hassles and problems ordinarily associated with
combining high level languages and assembler simply do not occur in Forth.
In other languages, the typical process is this:
   1: Write the high level program, and debug.
   2: Figure out where you need to speed things up.
   3: Fire up an editor, and write some assembly code.
   4: Assemble the file and - usually - run a loader program on that output.
   5: Load the Editor, and modify your higher level source.
   6: Compile your higher level source.
   7: Link the compiled program and the loaded assembly language program.
   8: When it doesn't work (which it won't, at first). Go back to step 3.

   There are also inevitable problems in passing parameters to and from the
higher level code, and the inevitable problem of where to put the machine
language. If you have ever done much of this sort of thing, you know what a
headache these problems can be.
   These last two problems are usually the most difficult, and, you will be
surprised, and possibly relieved to hear that they don't occur in Forth. At
all. Ever.
   Combine that with a resident assembler and a resident editor and a
resident compiler, writing Assembly language in Forth becomes almost
ridiculously easy.

A Quick Example:
   Since I have taken up so much of your time with the above advertisement,
you would probably like me to put my money where my mouth is. Here is a
quick example of what I was talking about above.  I hope it's not too
trivial, but the idea I want to get across here is the ease of combining
Assembler with Forth. First, a high level Forth Program:

: SHIFTLEFT ( -- N2 N1 ) // shift N2 left N1 times
      0 ?DO  2* LOOP ;

: SHIFT-4 ( Just show what a left shift is )
      100 0 DO  I 4 SHIFTLEFT .  LOOP ;

Multiple left shifts are fairly common, and so SHIFTLEFT is likely to be a
handy word in certain applications.  As it is, it will run pretty quickly.
But perhaps, for certain speed demons, not quickly enough, so you decide to
recode the SHIFTLEFT primitive in Assembler:

CODE SHIFTLEFT ( -- N2 N1 )  // shift N2 left N1 times
   BOT LDA, TAY, BEGIN, 0 # CPY, 0= NOT  WHILE,
      SEC ASL, SEC 1+ ROL, DEY, REPEAT,   POP JMP, END-CODE

If you are used to conventional assemblers, this probably looks pretty
weird.  The important thing to notice here is that *only* SHIFTLEFT has
changed - SHIFT-4 (or any other word which uses SHIFTLEFT) will work just as
it did before, with the only change being the overall increase of speed
which machine language naturally brings to any situation.  Notice also that
we didn't have to worry about where to put the code - it goes in the same
spot our higher level SHIFTLEFT went. You will also discover, if you type
this example in, that you don't have to call the assembler. This is all
taken care of for you.  As far as you, another user, or other procedures
which use SHIFTLEFT are concerned, there is no difference between using the
hi-level SHIFTLEFT and the CODE SHIFTLEFT.

The Structure of a CODE definition:
   It's pretty straightforward. They all look the same:

CODE [name] [assembler mnemonics] END-CODE

Note the similarity to a colon definition:

: [name]    [forth words]         ;

How to Exit a Code Definition:
   One thing you must remember is that you have to explicitly leave a CODE
definition by doing a JMP, to another code level routine.  This is probably
the single most common error made by newcomers.  Possibly it is caused by
making a false analogy between the higher level ; and the code level
END-CODE. While the Forth word ; does in fact get you back to where you came
from, END-CODE does not. In fact, END-CODE does nothing at all at run-time.
You can exit a CODE definition by doing a JMP, to any of the following:
NEXT POP POPTWO PUSH or PUT .  These are described below:

NEXT
   NEXT is commonly called the address interpreter. It is the word that is
responsible for the execution of all Forth words.  ALL words in Forth
ultimately end up here.  Doing a NEXT JMP, will cause the current code
definition to stop and return to the word that called it.  All of the
following exit points end with a jump to NEXT .  In what follows, remember
that a "stack element" refers to a 16 bit quantity -- i.e. two bytes.

POP
   POP first drops the first element of the stack, and then jumps to NEXT.
Same as DROP in hi-level forth.

POPTWO
   POPTWO drops the top two elements from the stack, and then jumps to NEXT.
Same as 2DROP in hi-level.

PUSH
   PUSH lets you leave a result on the top of the stack.  PUSH expects the
low byte of the new top of stack to be on the return stack, and the high
in the accumulator. PUSH will leave these as the new top of the parameter
stack (the former top will then be the second element). PUSH then calls
NEXT. Since this routine is somewhat more complicated than the others here
is a typical sequence:

      PHA, ( push low byte to return stack )
      TYA, ( assume high byte is saved in Y register, move it to the A reg)
      PUSH JMP, END-CODE ( parameters set, so jump to PUSH)

PUT
   PUT replaces the top of the stack with a new value.  You setup PUT in
the same way as you setup for PUSH - the new lobyte is pushed to the return
stack, and the new hibyte is in the accumulator before the call to PUT. The
only difference between the two is that PUT replaces the present top of the
stack, while PUSH creates a new top of stack. 

Register Usage:
   Since Forth uses two stacks, and the 6502 CPU only implements one
hardware stack, the parameter stack must be "artificially" maintained. In
this implementation (as in most) it is located in the zero page, and the X
register is used as the parameter stack pointer. The machine stack is
Forth's return stack. Therefore instructions which affect the X register or
the machine stack should be used with care.  At entry to a CODE defintion,
the X register points to the top byte of the parameter stack.  This stack
grows downward in memory, so decrementing the X register will make room
for another element on the stack, and incrementing the stack pointer will
remove an element from the stack. Here is a diagram which shows the
situation when two elements are on the stack:

         Hi Memory
      **************
      *   hibyte2  *
      *   lobyte2  *
      **************
      *   hibyte1  *
X --> *   lobyte1  * Top of Stack
      **************

Notice that the two bytes which make up one stack entry are stored in the
usual 6502 order, with the lobyte lower in memory. To remove the top element
of the stack, we can define the code word DROP:

CODE DROP ( N -- )  INX, INX, NEXT JMP, END-CODE

Which in fact, is exactly the the way DROP is defined in the BFC. After DROP
has been executed, the stack looks like this:

        Hi Memory
      *************
      *  hibyte2  *
X --> *  lobyte2  * New top of Stack
      *************

We will return to this topic later, when we talk about accessing the
parameter stack in more detail.  For now, the main point is to remember that
when Forth starts executing your code definition, the X register will
contain a pointer to the top of the stack. You can use the X register to
access the stack, or to remove elements from the stack, but when your code
definition is finished, other Forth words, and the Forth system itself is
going to expect the X register to contain a valid stack pointer, so don't
change it wantonly. You should also remember that since each stack entry is
two bytes, only even multiples of the INX, or DEX, instruction make sense.
(I.E. INX, INX, INX, INX, not INX, INX, INX, - the first will drop two stack
elements, while the second will drop 1 and 1/2 stack elements - and cause
the Forth system to behave oddly.)

Both the Accumulator (A reg) and the Y register may be freely used. The A
register will contain garbage, and must be initialized, but the Y register
is guaranteed to be 0 on entry to your code, and you may take advantage of
this fact or not, as you wish.  Here is a short code definition that will
leave the value of -1 (Forth's canonical TRUE flag) on the stack. It uses
the PUSH routine described earlier.

CODE TRUE ( -- -1 )   DEY, ( Y REG now holds $ff)
                      TYA, PHA, PUSH JMP, END-CODE

Here is an even shorter definition which will leave a 0 on the parameter
stack:

CODE FALSE ( -- 0 )  TYA, ( set A register to 0 )
                     PHA, ( set up for PUSH )
                     PUSH JMP, END-CODE

Life being what it is, you will often wish you could use the X register.
There is a way.  You can use the system storage location XSAVE, to
temporarily save the value of the X register while you are doing other
things. You must remember to restore the X register before exiting, however.
A typical sequence is:

  XSAVE STX, ( stuff that changes x ) XSAVE LDX, NEXT JMP, END-CODE


Why it looks so strange....

   The main reason the Forth Assembler looks so strange is that it is
reverse polish, like all of Forth. Operands *preceed* the operators. Here
are some examples that should make it clear:

Conventional Assembler           Forth's Assembler
=====================            ================
   LDA # 0                          0 # LDA,
   ROL A                            .A  ROL,
   STA ADDRESS,X                    ADDRESS ,X STA,
   STA (ADDRESS,X)                  ADDRESS X) STA,
   LDA (ADDRESS),Y                  ADDRESS )Y LDA,
   JMP (INDIRECT)                   INDIRECT ) JMP,
   JMP ADDRESS                      ADDRESS  JMP,
   LDA ADDRESS                      ADDRESS  LDA,

While admittedly unusual, it does make the best use of the stack at assembly
time.

The other major difference is that the Forth Assembler does not use labels.
There are no branch instructions - the Forth Assembler uses a structured
code approach to control flow. It does this by using analogues of the
hi-level IF THEN ELSE etc. to control the flow of your CODE definition. To
take advantage of this, you must specify the condition code you want tested.
You specify this condition code by using any of the following words:

   CS  test if carry set
   0<  test if negative flag set
   0=  test if zero flag set
   VS  test if overflow flag set

   You can follow these condition code specifiers with not, to test for the
opposite condition:

   CS NOT test if carry clear
   0< NOT test if negative clear
   0= NOT test if zero flag clear
   VS NOT test if overflow flag clear

Below is an example of a possible definition of 0= , which leaves true if
the top of the stack is 0, and false (0) if it is anything else:

CODE 0= ( N -- FLAG ) BOT LDA, BOT 1+ ORA, 0= IF, 255 # LDA, ELSE, 0 # LDA,
THEN, PHA, PUT JMP, END-CODE

In the above code, we first test for 0 by ORing the two bytes which make up
the top of the stack together. The result will be zero only if both are
zero. We then test the zero flag (with 0=). If the byte is 0, we LDA with
255, otherwise, we LDA with 0, and replace the top of the stack with the
flag by jumping to the PUT exit routine. Note that we could make this
definition much shorter by taking advantage of the fact that the Y register
is zero at entry:

CODE 0= ( N -- FLAG ) BOT LDA, BOT 1+ ORA, 0= IF, DEY, THEN, TYA, PHA, PUT
JMP, END-CODE

You can use the same type of tests to do conditional loops. Here is a do
nothing example that simply wastes some time in a loop:

CODE WAIT ( -- ) BEGIN, DEY, 0= UNTIL, NEXT JMP, END-CODE

This simply decrements the Y register until it becomes zero.  In the
original Forth assembler for 6502 machines, the BEGIN, UNTIL, structure was
the only one available. The BFC has extended this to include BEGIN, WHILE,
REPEAT, and BEGIN, AGAIN, . The BEGIN, AGAIN, loop is infinite - you must
JUMP out of it in the middle somewhere.

Accessing the Stacks.

   Typically, most routines only need to access the top two elements of the
parameter stack. Since this is so common, special words have been provided
to make life easier here. BOT references the top of the stack (which is
lower in memory, and so the BOTtom of the stack). SEC references the SECond
element of the stack. It's important to remember that a Forth stack entry is
16 bits, or two bytes, so to obtain the whole stack element, you need to do
two fetches or stores. Here is a sample implementation of DUP:

CODE DUP   ( N -- N N ) BOT LDA, PHA, BOT 1+ LDA, PUSH JMP, END-CODE

First we fetch the low byte of the top of the stack with BOT LDA, . This is
pushed onto the return stack, as required by the exit routine PUSH . Next we
get the high byte with BOT 1+ LDA, . That's all there is to it. As another
illustration, here is an implementation of OVER:

CODE OVER ( A B -- A B A ) SEC LDA, PHA, SEC 1+ LDA, PUSH JMP, END-CODE

The actual addressing mode being used here is "zero-page x". In
conventional assembler, BOT LDA, would be written LDA 0,x while BOT 1+ LDA,
would be written LDA 1,X . To access deeper stack elements, you can keep
adding values to BOT or SEC , or you can use the addressing mode explicitly:

BOT 4 + LDA
or
4 ,X LDA

While not used often, it is also possible to address directly into the
return stack. Typically, you would access the return stack using the PLA,
instruction. This has the side effect of altering the stack pointer, and you
can also only access the top of the return stack.  To access arbitrary
bytes, you can use RP) . To do this, you must first save the X-Register in
XSAVE and then execute TSX, which will move the stack pointer into the
X-Register. You can then do RP) LDA, which will fetch the current top of the
return stack. To get deeper into the return stack, offset RP). Below is an
example which non-destructively moves the address on the return stack to the
top of the parameter stack:

CODE GET-RETURN-ADDRESS  XSAVE STX,  TSX, RP) LDA, PHA, RP) 1+ LDA, XSAVE
LDX, PUSH JMP, END-CODE

One of the easiest and quickest ways to crash any system is to garbage the
return stack. If you need to access the stack, go for it, but use care.

SETUP and N
   It is often useful to be able to access absolute memory locations.  To
this end, Forth provides an 8 byte temporary data area which is referred to
as the N area. You may initialize this area yourself, or you may call SETUP
to move stack elements to the N area. To use SETUP, you must load the
accumulator with the number of stack elements you want to move (NOTE: the
number of stack elements, NOT the number of bytes) and then do a JSR to
SETUP. SETUP will pop the elements off of the stack, and move them to the N
area.  Since there are only 8 bytes in the N area, you have room for at most
4 stack elements. As a simple example, the following will pop the top two
elements off of the stack, and move them to the N area:

CODE MOVE2  2 # LDA, SETUP JSR, END-CODE

The previous top of stack (BOT and BOT 1+) will be stored at N and N 1+ ,
while the second element (SEC and SEC 1+) will be at N 2+ and N 3 +. Once
they have been moved there, you can carry out operations on them, or use
them in the indexed indirect Y addressing mode. ( LDA (N), Y in conventional
assembler, or N )Y LDA, in Forth assembler.)  By far the most common error
in using SETUP is to forget that it also pops the elements of the stack as
it moves them.

;CODE

If CODE is the Assemblers equivalent to the hi-level colon, ;CODE is the
assemblers equivalent to DOES>. As an example of the use of ;CODE, we will
write our own versions of CONSTANT - one in high level forth, using DOES>,
and one in low level, using ;CODE. First the hi-level definition:

: CONSTANT  CREATE , DOES> @ ;

As a quick review, remember that CREATE (or a word that uses CREATE) creates
a dictionary entry for the next word in the input stream. Words created in
this way all have the same run-time behaviour - they leave the address of
their parameter field on the stack. Note that CREATE by itself does not
allocate any parameter field space in the dictionary, you must do this
yourself by using C, , or ALLOT . The DOES> word allows you to manipulate
the values in the parameter field, essentially allowing you to define a
special set of related words which share the same run-time behaviour. Lets
walk through the process:

10 CONSTANT TEN

When Forth executes the above line, the number 10 will be left on the stack,
and CONSTANT will be executed. The first word in CONSTANT is CREATE, which
will take the first word it finds in the input stream (TEN in this case) and
create a header for it in the dictionary, with its associated link field,
name field and code field. The code field written by CREATE will cause the
address of the first byte of the parameter field to be left on the stack
when TEN (the word defined by CONSTANT) is executed. Next , is executed,
which takes the top of the stack, and compiles this number in the
dictionary. DOES> does something mysterious (more on this later) which
causes the words following DOES> to be executed at run-time. This is the
compile time behaviour of CONSTANT. Now, when TEN is executed, the run-time
behaviour of CONSTANT will occur. The parameter fields address is pushed
onto the stack, and then the words after DOES> are executed. In this case,
the single word @ will be executed, which replaces the address on the top of
the stack with the value at that address.

TEN . 10 OK

Now for the ;CODE version:

: CONSTANT  CREATE , ;CODE  2 # LDY, W )Y LDA, PHA, INY, W )Y LDA, PUSH JMP,
END-CODE

Notice, by the way, that no concluding semi-colon is required when you use
;CODE.

When ;CODE is executed (for example, by typing 10 CONSTANT TEN), it will
REWRITE THE CODE FIELD OF THE WORD BEING DEFINED! This is extremely
important to remember.  All Forth words have code fields that define their
run time behaviour, with colon definitions all sharing the same code field,
variables sharing the same code field (different, of course, from that of
colon definitions and constants) and so on. When CREATE executes in our
CONSTANT definition, it creates a code field that contains the address of a
routine which will push the address of the word being defined to the stack.
When ;CODE executes in our CONSTANT definition, it will search out this code
field, and re-write it with the address of the machine language routine
which immediately follows ;CODE. This means that the only run time behaviour
of a word which contains a ;CODE termination is determined by you. Even
though there is a CREATE in the lo-level definition of CONSTANT, it will not
deposit the address of the parameter field on the stack, because ;CODE has
changed the code field to point to our machine language routine. An
illustration may make this clearer:

Header created by CREATE:
**************
* Link Field *
**************
* TEN        *  Name field - stores ASCII characters of defined name.
**************
*  $0900     *  $0900 = address of routine to push parameter field on stack
**************
* 10         *  Parameter field - stores value of constant
**************

Note that $0900 is just an example address - don't try jumping to it in your
own code.

When a word defined by CREATE is executed, the machine language routine at
$0900 (the address in the code field of the word) will be executed. This
routine is what causes the run-time behaviour of CREATE defined words - it
pushes the address of the parameter field to the stack. The above
illustration shows the state of the dictionary after the CREATE and , part
of CONSTANT have been executed. Now, suppose that the address of the first
instruction following ;CODE in CONSTANT ( the 2 # LDY, ) is at $8000 . When
;CODE executes in the course of defining a new constant, the header will
look like this:

Header after ;CODE has been executed.
**************
* Link Field *
**************
* TEN        *  Name field - stores ASCII characters of defined name.
**************
* $8000      *  $8000 = address of your machine language routine
**************
* 10         *  Parameter field - stores value of constant
**************

So, as always, when Forth executes TEN, the first thing to be executed is
the address of the routine in the code field, which no longer points to the
CREATE run time code, but to your machine language code.

Hope that is all clear enough. Now, to the particulars of the ;CODE part of
our low level CONSTANT definition (note that the following is implementation
dependent. Most present day Forths use an implementation along these lines,
but not all.)

Forth depends on two registers for its performance, the IP and the W
register. When Forth is implemented on processors with more registers,
typically a processor register will be used for these Forth system
registers. However, there are not enough on the 6502, so zero page locations
have been used instead.  W will contain the address of the code field of the
word currently being executed. For example, if the code field of TEN is
located at $9000, the W register will contain $9000, or the address of the
address of the routine to be executed. The ;CODE part of CONSTANT uses this
fact to access the parameter field of the current word. Since the code field
of an address, is always two bytes long, the first byte of the parameter
field is located at $9002. Given this information, it becomes a simple
matter of indirectly indexing from W. Loading the Y register with 2, and
then performing W )Y LDA, (LDA (W),Y in conventional assembler) will get the
first byte of the constants value. The next byte is at $9003, so we simply
increment Y, and indirectly index again to get the next byte. The rest of
the definition consists of setting up for PUSH, which was covered earlier.

Phew! Hope that was clear enough. I think you can see that indexing from W
can get you any byte in a definitions parameter field. W 1- contains an
indirect JMP instruction, so you can also vector control to other routines
by storing the address of the address of the routine in W, and then doing a
W 1- JMP, . This technique is rarely used, however.

There is an intimate relationship between the IP register and the W
register, and an effective use of these registers depends on a clear
understanding of how they work in the Forth system as a whole.  Both of them
are changed by NEXT. When NEXT executes, the IP will point to an address
which contains the code field address of the next word to be executed by
Forth. NEXT fetches this address, and stores it in W. It then bumps the IP
(which stands for Interpretive Pointer) by two, so the next time around it
will be pointing to the next word to be executed. Finally, NEXT does a JMP
to W 1-, which causes an indirect jump to the address pointed to by W.
The IP is most useful for accessing things like inline data structures,
(character strings, and the like.) Since the IP is incremented by NEXT, the
code fragment:
    IP )Y LDA, PHA, INY, IP )Y LDA, PUSH JMP,

Will push the address which contains the address of the next Forth word to
be executed to the parameter stack. (This will be the third and fourth bytes
past the address of the current word being interpreted.) Obviously, by
storing new values in the IP, and then jumping to NEXT , you can also force
the execution of a particular definition.  This technique is also rarely
used. Typical uses for the IP are mainly accessing inline data.

Accessing Variables from Code definitions.
   Since variables leave the address of their parameter fields on the stack,
it is a simple matter to access these variables from CODE level definitions.
Here is an example:

VARIABLE FOO

CODE FOO+1   FOO LDA, CLC, 1 # ADC, FOO STA, CS IF, FOO 1+ INC, THEN
END-CODE

This is a common way to increment the value at a memory location.  The
assembler also provides a way to access USER variables, using the UP (user
pointer constant). User variables must be accessed using an offset, so the
)Y addressing mode  is recommended. You will need to know the offset of the
user variable you need to access in advance, of course.

MISC.

   Since the Assembler is co-resident with the FORTH system, all the power of
FORTH is available to you when using the Assembler. As one example:

   FOO @ 2 3 */ # LDA,

will initialize the accumulator to two thirds of the value stored in the
variable FOO. (Of course, this must be 255 or less.) Occasional conflicts
may arise, however. In particular, a common error is to confuse the
assemblers 0= and 0< words with Forths - they are not the same. If you wish
to use the Forth versions while assembling, you must explicitly enter the
FORTH vocabulary, do your Forth thing, and then re-enter the assembler
vocabulary. Such conflicts are rare, and usually easily recognized.

The Forth assembler uses the standard MOS mnemonics for the 6502 op-codes,
but each mnemonic has a ',' attached. Thus, in forth, we write LDA, BRK, or
JMP, not LDA BRK and JMP. Also, the Assembler conditionals use the same
convention - IF, ELSE, THEN, and not IF ELSE THEN . A common error is to
omit the comma from one or more of these conditionals.  I am personally not
wild about this convention, but the first Forth assemblers used them, and
now we are stuck with it.

You may have noticed that I have not used the JSR, RTS, instructions. This
is because typically, CODE definitions are called from higher level words,
and must end with a JMP, to NEXT or the equivalent routine. It is possible
to write programs which are structured in this way. Typically, the
subroutines are given names with CREATE, and then called from a higher level
code definition. Here is an example:

CREATE BLETCH  ASSEMBLER  NOP, NOP, RTS,

Note that when we do this, we must invoke the Assembler vocabulary
explicitly. BLETCH would be typically called from a higher level CODE
definition:

CODE THE-GREAT-RTS-HACK  BLETCH JSR, NEXT JMP, END-CODE

This is only occasionally necessary however - usually when writing code that
is extremely time critical, such as graphics code.

Finally, it is possible to exit a code definition by jumping to yet another
code routine. You must remember to restore the X register (if you have
altered it) and it is also wise to reset the Y register to 0, since many
code level definitions will assume that this is the case. As a simple
example, here is a word that simply simply does a JMP, to Forth's KEY
routine:

CODE CALL-KEY  ' KEY @ JMP, END-CODE

The tick (') gets the address of KEY's code field, and the @ fetches the
address of the routine which is stored in KEY's code field. This is the
recommended technique. It is more portable, and also safer than others which
one sees.  Note that you cannot call hi-level Forth words using this
technique - only code level definitions may be called in this way. If you
think you want to exit a CODE definition with a call to a higher level Forth
word, think again. If you still need to do it, then start tinkering with the
IP and W registers.

I think that about covers it. I have tried to cover all of the basics, and
many of the more advanced techniques in combining assembly language and
Forth. If some of it seems obscure, it is probably my explanation, since
hacking in CODE is really no more difficult than hacking in any language -
it just runs faster.

Good Luck
And
Happy Hacking!
SDB

This is in answer to the numerous users of Blazin' Forth who want a full screen editor, but who have had some trouble getting one up on their systems.

The approach used here requires altering LIST (screen #5), and adding a few lines of code to screen #41. Please note: You must have the source code do make these changes.

The changes to LIST are indicated below. The only changes are the addition of DECIMAL in line 9 , and the addition of 2 .R ." > " in line 11. This will cause the screens to list in the format shown below, with line numbers as 0> instead of just a number.

scr #5 
 0> ( utilities -- [line] .line list                      sdbjun85)
 1> 
 2> vocabulary editor
 3> 
 4> : (line)   printing? @ if cmdoff then block swap
 5>            c/l * + c/l printing? @ if #lp (cmdout) drop then ;
 6> 
 7> : .line   (line) -trailing type ;
 8> 
 9> : list   decimal cr  dup  scr  !
10>    ." scr #" u.   16  0
11>    do   cr  i 2 .r ." > " i  scr @
12>          .line  ?terminal ?leave
13>    loop   cr editor ;
14> 
15> 

The actual screen editing functions are shown below. You will need to add PL (for Put Line) , SLINE (Screen Line) and the words 0> 1> etc. created by SLINE to this screen. PL simply accepts a line of input from the terminal, and moves it to the insert buffer and to the appropriate spot in the appropriate buffer. SLINE is used to define the numbers displayed by LIST as actual forth words, which call PL with the proper line number.

scr #41 
 0> ( starting forth editor -- r p                        sdbmay85)
 1> 
 2> : (r)     >line# ibuf 1+ swap >move ;
 3> 
 4> : p   5e  text ibuf bufmove (r) ;
 5> 
 6> // following words add fullscreen editing.
 7> : pl  c/l * r# ! 0 text pad c@ 0= if ibuf 55 blank then
 8>       ibuf bufmove (r) quit ;
 9> : sline   create c, does> c@ pl ;
10> 
11>  0 sline  0>  1 sline  1>  2 sline  2>  3 sline 3>
12>  4 sline  4>  5 sline  5>  6 sline  6>  7 sline 7>
13>  8 sline  8>  9 sline  9> 0a sline 10> 0b sline 11>
14> 0c sline 12> 0d sline 13> 0e sline 14> 0f sline 15>
15> 


Once you have correctly entered these changes and FLUSHed the buffers, proceed as follows:

FORGET THRU
1 LOAD

This will cause the system to recompile, you will get a few "XXXX already exists" messages. This is normal.

When you get the message "LOCATE ENABLED" the system is recompiled, and the fullscreen editing extensions have been added.

Now do:

DCLOSE

Remove the systems disk, and insert a formatted *program* disk into the drive.

Now type                                
SAVE-FORTH

you will be prompted for a filename. Give it a unique filename (SAVE-FORTH won't replace any files, unless you are daring, and give it the @0: or @1: prefix.) This will cause the modified forth to be saved to disk.


Using the Editor:

All the old editor commands are still active, in addition, you may now cursor around the screen at will, inserting and deleting as you like. Only two things should be remembered:

1) The line numbers 0> , 1> etc. are now defined as Forth words, and so you must remember to follow each with at least one space. For Example:

0> // this is line 0

not

0>//this is line 0

The character length of each line is still only 64 characters in length. If you type more than that, the line will be truncated. Such is life. You can always LIST the screen (or type the line using XX T ) to check up on things.

I hope this answers the questions on exactly how to do it, and also points out the flexibility and extensibility of Forth. How many other languages let you add fullscreen editing or other features? How many let you do it in less than 15 lines of code?

Goodluck!
SDB

			 Blazin' Forth Editor
                         ====================

Line Commands
=============

( Note: _ represents a blank, __ represents two blanks, etc. )

T (n -- )       Types the line

P ( -- )        Copies the given string into the insert buffer, then
P__ or          puts a copy of the insert buffer in the current line.
P xxx

U ( -- )        Copies the given string into the insert buffer, then puts
U__ or          a copy of the insert buffer under the current line.
U xxx

M (block line --) Copies the current line into the insert buffer
                and moves a copy of the insert buffer into the line under
                the specified line in the destination block.

x ( -- )        Copies the current line into the insert buffer and extracts
                the line from the block.

String Operators
================

F or    ( -- )  Copies the given string into the find buffer, then
F xxx           finds the string in the current block.

S or   ( n -- ) Copies the given string into the find buffer, then
S xxx           searches the range of blocks, starting from the current
                block and edning with n-1	for the string.

E       ( -- )  To be used after F. Erase as many characters as are
                currently in the find buffer, going backwards from
                the cursor

D or    ( -- )  Copies the given string into the find buffer, then 
D xxx           deletes all characters starting from the current line
                and deletes it.

TILL or ( -- )  Copies the given string into the find buffer, then deletes
TILL xxx        all characters starting from the current cursor position
           	   up TILL and including the string.

I or    ( -- )  Copies the given string into the insert buffer, then
I xxx           inserts the contents of the insert buffer at the point
                just behind the cursor.

R or    ( -- )  Combines the commands E and I to replace a found string
R xxx           with a given string or the contents of the insert
                buffer.

BLOCK OPERATORS
===============

N       ( --  ) Selects the next block, and leaves its block number on
                the stac	

B       ( --  ) Selects the block BEHIND current, and leaves its block
                number on the stack.

L       ( -- )  Lists the current block


TIPS
====

LIST a block, if it's new, use WIPE (or w) to clear it.

You can use T to type the line and make it current, i.e.

10 T

Types line 10, and makes it current.

P FOO

Will put FOO on the current line,

U FOO

Will put FOO under the current line, and make it the new current line.
All lines below that will be pushed down. Bottom line scrolls off.
	 deletes the current line, all lines below it move up.
      OUTLINE OF THIS FILE
  I. Liz Deal's Contributions
     A. Pre-SuperScript
     B. Keytrix
     C. Supermon
     D. Disk Utilities
     E. Spooling
     F. Machine Language
     G. Others
 II. Gord Campbell's Programs
III. The CBM 8032 Emulator
 IV. Manfred Mager's Monitor
-----------------------------
   I. Liz Deal's Contributions
      A. Pre-SuperScript
            CompuServe name:  PRESSC.BIN
            Original name:   "pre-superscript" (Basic program)
   SuperScript II, one of the very best word processing programs ever written
for any brand of computer, was designed for the British version of the B128,
the Commodore 700.  Even after four years this is the only software for any
microcomputer known to permit column moves (aside from dedicated
wordprocessors), and many other advanced features are also included.  Yet two
major problems occur when running SuperScript on the B128: keybounce (a letter
prints twice when you touch a key just once) and erratic cursor movement (the
cursor will only move four or five places when you hold down the cursor key,
then it pauses for a second before resuming).  Both problems are due to the
British use of 50 cycle AC, while American computers are plugged into a 60
cycle network.  Liz Deal wrote this program, which will fix both bugs if you
run it before loading SuperScript.  This magic is accomplished by a machine
language routine which intercepts the hardware interrupts, and which is a
separate file on CompuServe:
            CompuServe name:  IRQ400.BIN
            Rename to:       "+ta irq.400" (machine language program)
Another CompuServe file contains a thorough explanation of what creating this
patch involved:
            CompuServe name:  IRQRTE.BIN
            Original name:   "b128 irq rate" (Basic program)
Although this is a Basic program, it cannot be run: just load it and LIST to
read the explanation.
----------------------------------------
      B. Keytrix
            CompuServe name:  KEYTRX.BIN
            Original name:   "keytrix v4" (Basic program)
   Keytrix is an indispensible aid for anyone programming the B128 in Basic.
Several keywords are added to Commodore's Basic 4.0 commands, allowing
the user to do such things as renumber a program, list a program from disk
without loading it into memory, read sequential files from disk without
disturbing the program in memory, merge programs on disk (including subroutines
stored as program files) with the program in memory, find specified keywords,
variable names, and/or strings in the program in memory and automatically
change them if desired, and other useful functions.  What's more, Keytrix
uses the function keys F9 and F10 to scroll back and forth through the program
in memory, ending the need to use LIST every time you have to check on a line
which has scrolled off the screen.
   Keytrix uses 3 machine language routines to accomplish its lightning-fast
work.  These 3 routines need to be on the same disk as Keytrix, and must have
the exact name specified in the program.  B128 users will need these 3 files:
            CompuServe name:  Rename to:
            1128.BIN          "+b1 kxb128.v4" (machine language program)
            15128.BIN         "+b15kxb128.v4" (machine language program)
            15128P.BIN        "+b15kxb128.v4+" (machine language program)
B256 users will need these 3 files for Keytrix:
            CompuServe name:  Rename to:
            1256.BIN          "+b1 kxb256.v4" (machine language program)
            15256.BIN         "+b15kxb256.v4" (machine language program)
            15256P.BIN        "+b15kxb256.v4+" (machine language program)
Brief instructions for the use of Keytrix are provided in the next file:
            CompuServe name:  KEYINS.BIN
            Original name:   "keytrix v4.ins" (Basic program)
--------------------------------------------------------
      C. Supermon
            CompuServe name:  SUPMON.BIN
            Original name:   "supermonb v5" (Basic program)
   Liz Deal has adapted the famous Supermon program for the B128.
Supermonitor offers machine language programmers an alternative to the built-in
monitor provided by Commodore.  Once again, it operates through machine
language.  The following four files are needed to run the program above:
            CompuServe name:  Rename to:
            SMB04.BIN         "+smb v5.0400" (machine language program)
            SMB0E.BIN         "+smb v5.e000" (machine language program)
            SMB04P.BIN        "+smb v5.0400+" (machine language program)
            SMBE0P.BIN        "+smb v5.e000+" (machine language program)
Brief instructions for the use of Supermon are provided in the next file:
            CompuServe name:  SMBINS.BIN
            Original name:   "supermonb v5.ins" (Basic program)
---------------------------------------------------------------
      D. Disk Utilities
   Liz Deal has provided several disk utilities for the B128, most of them
adaptations of programs by Jim Butterfield.
            CompuServe name:  DSKLOG.BIN
            Original name:   "disk logger.b128" (Basic program)
If you want to see a directory of the files on your disk, you can just issue
the DIRECTORY or CATALOG command, or you can get a real fancy directory by
running this program.  It needs one machine language routine:
            CompuServe name:  LOG400.BIN
            Rename to:       "+disklog.400" (machine language program)
As before, the name of the machine language program must be exactly as
specified in the Basic program which calls it.
            CompuServe name:  DSKMOD.BIN
            Original name:   "diskmod.b128" (Basic program)
With this program you can choose any track and sector on your disk that you
want to modify.  The bytes will be shown (in hexadecimal) on the screen; use
the screen editor to change any bytes to whatever you want, and the program
will make the same changes on your disk for you.
            CompuServe name:  DSKVEW.BIN
            Original name:   "disk view.b128" (Basic program)
This program is similar to the previous one in that it displays whichever
disk track and sector you specify, but it protects you against making
unintentional changes on your disk.
            CompuServe name:  COPALL.BIN
            Original name:   "copy-all b128.3" (Basic program)
This program is intended to allow you to copy any number of files from one disk
to another, in whatever order you choose, but it requires a machine language
routine which is not available on CompuServe.
            CompuServe name:  CHGDEV.BIN
            Original name:   "change dev#" (Basic program)
Commodore disk drives are pre-set at the factory to be device number 8.
If you have more than one drive unit, you can use this program to fool your
computer into thinking one of them has a different device number.
            CompuServe name:  BIGREL.BIN
            Original name:   "big rel file" (Basic program)
The 8050 disk drive can handle the same jumbo-sized relative files as the 8250.
Run this program to command your 8050 to use the 8250 relative file routines.
            CompuServe name:  EXPREL.BIN
            Original name:   "8250 expand rel" (Basic program)
This program came from the 8250 demo disk.  Unless you have that disk, you
cannot run it because it needs a DOS machine language routine found on a
certain block of that disk.
---------------------------------------
        E. Spooling
            CompuServe name:  SPOOL.BIN
            Original name:   "spool b128" (Basic program)
   Spooling is a technique which allows the computer to be free to run programs
while the disk drive is in use, typing out a file on the printer.  Liz Deal
wrote this one for the B128.  Of course, any program you run will not be able
to access the disk drive while it is in use.
            CompuServe name:  WSPOOL.TXT
            Original name:   "w.b128 spool" (sequential file)
   This is a SuperScript II sequential file which explains how spooling works.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        F. Machine Language
            CompuServe name:  DCLPAL.BIN
            Original name:   "dcl b128.pal" (Basic program--load & list)
This is a detailed memory map for the B128, formatted for use in the PAL
assembler.
            CompuServe name:  WXCALL.DOC
            Original name:   "w.b128 xcalls" (sequential file)
An extensive discussion of machine language programming in the B128, and in
particular the setup needed before code in a nonsystem bank can access the
Kernal routines, or in fact any routines outside its own bank.
            CompuServe name:  BTXFER.BIN
            Rename to:       "+btxfer.fe48" (machine language program)
Here's the transfer of execution code essential for bank-hopping, as explained
in the file above.
            CompuServe name:  XCALL.BIN
            Original name:    "xcall" (Basic program--load and list)
Liz Deal wrote this program to demonstrate how to create a pseudo-jump table
in a machine language routine.  Details are given in WXCALL.DOC, above.  This
file is actually the source code for an assembly language program, and it
contains a commented disassembly of the machine code.
-----------------------------------------------------
        G. Others
            CompuServe name:  WEXP15.BIN
            Original name:   "w.exp15" (sequential file)
A text file which explains how you can adapt your CalcResult cartridge to
serve as extra RAM in bank 15.
            CompuServe name:  CON128.BIN
            Original name:   "configure b128" (Basic program)
Liz wrote this little program for those who don't use Keytrix or Supermon.
It will relocate the Basic program text area to $401, where it resides in the
PET/CBM computers.
            CompuServe name:  PRIMES.BIN
            Original name:   "primes" (Basic program)
Lets you type in any integer as a limit, and it will print out all the prime
numbers from the beginning up to the limit.
            CompuServe name:  Original name:
            LOBAS.BIN         "b128lo.bas" (program-type file)
            HIBAS.BIN         "b256hi.bas" (program-type file)
            LOKER.BIN         "b128lo.ker" (program-type file)
            HIKER.BIN         "b256hi.ker" (program-type file)
These four files are memory dumps of the standard B128 and B256 Basic ROMS
and Kernal ROMS.  Compare them with your own machine's ROMS to see if you
have the main production model, or an early version released before all the
bugs were worked out.
            CompuServe name:  QPLOT.BIN
            Original name:   "qplot.b128" (Basic program)
Lets you draw graphs on the screen.
            CompuServe name:  VER128.BIN
            Original name:   "verifizerb128" (Basic program)
The function of this program is not explained.
----------------------------------------------
 II. Gord Campbell's Programs
        Gord Campbell prepared these programs for their original release on
a TPUG disk.
            CompuServe name:  LISTME.BIN
            Original name:   "list-me.bu" (Basic program--load and list)
Brief description of the rest of the files in this section.
            CompuServe name:  SAMPLE.BIN
            Original name:   "sample boot.b" (Basic program)
Shows the procedure for loading a machine language program from Basic.  To run
this program, you will need to have the next three files as well.
            CompuServe name:  TESTBA.BIN
            Rename to:       "test.basic" (Basic program)
General instructions for loading a machine language program from Basic.  This
program is loaded and run by the preceeding file.
            CompuServe name:  TXRAM.OBJ
            Rename to:       "txram obj" (machine language program)
Another version of the transfer of execution code.  Liz Deal's version fixes
a bug in it.  This name needed to run SAMPLE.BIN above.
            CompuServe name:  SAMOBJ.BIN
            Rename to:       "sample obj" (machine language program)
This code is not run, it is just included for demo purposes.  SAMPLE.BIN,
above, will not work without it.
            CompuServe name:  FLASHB.BIN
            Original name:   "flash.bas.b" (Basic program)
A demo program which will draw a border around the screen and flash it on and
off once every second.  It works by loading the following interrupt-driven
machine language program:
            CompuServe name:  FLASHO.BIN
            Rename to:       "flash.obj" (machine language program)
Study this program to see the proper way to set up and run machine code hooked
up to the interrupt vector.
            CompuServe name:  FLSHML.BIN
            Original name:   "flash.8.1" (program-type file)
This is the source code of the preceeding file, for use with the MAE assembler.
            CompuServe name:  HEXDMP.BIN
            Original name:   "hex dumper.z" (Basic program)
Creates a dump on your screen of any file on your disk.  Uses the same format
as Liz Deal's disk utilities, but you do not have to know which track and
sector the file starts on.
            CompuServe name:  MEMDMP.BIN
            Original name:   "mem dump.b" (Basic program)
Creates a similar dump to the program above of the code in Bank 15, beginning
at any location you specify.
            CompuServe name:  CHGADD.BIN
            Original name"   "chg ld addr v1.2" (Basic program)
To load a Basic program in the PET/CBM computers, the program header must
contain a load address of $401.  If you have a B128 program (or one for any
other Commodore model) that you want to use in a PET, be sure it has the
proper header by running this program first.
            CompuServe name:  ERRLST.BIN
            Original name:   "err$ list.b" (Basic program)
Run this program to make a list of all the error messages used by the B128.
Or just look in Appendix J and K of the computer manual.
--------------------------------------------------------
III. The CBM 8032 Emulator
            CompuServe name:  START2.BIN
            Original name:   "Start8432.21" (Basic program)
This B128 Basic program will make your computer emulate the CBM 8032, so you
will be able to run some 8032 programs on it.  This program comes from Germany,
where many B128's were sold before there was any software for it.
It requires the next six files:
            CompuServe name:  Rename to:
            8432-2.BIN        "8432.21" (machine language program)
            BANKF2.BIN        "bank F.20  '1024" (machine language program)
            T1.BIN            "t1" (machine language program)
            T2.BIN            "t2" (machine language program)
            TD.BIN            "td" (machine language program)
            TD-ALT.BIN        "td.alt" (machine language program)
The last four files in the list define which character is printed for each key
on the keyboard.  B128 users really need only T1.BIN, the default option.  The
other three are available for users with other types of keyboards.
            CompuServe name:  INST.BIN
            Original name:   "instructions8432" (Basic program)
Very brief instructions for using the Emulator program.
            CompuServe name:  SMBREL.BIN
            Original name:   "supermon.4.rel" (Basic program)
This is Liz Deal's version of Supermon for use with the Emulator.
            CompuServe name:  Original name:
            AID46B.BIN        "aid4.6b00" (machine language program)
            AID47B.BIN        "aid4.7b00" (machine language program)
The two files above come from Liz Deal as well. Use the second one with the
Emulator if you do not use Supermon; use the first one if you do use
Supermon with the Emulator.  They contain a tiny Basic aid, which adds
such commands as Delete and Renumber to the 8032 Basic vocabulary.
            CompuServe name:  Original name:
            BM1.BIN           "bm1" (Basic program)
            BM2.BIN           "bm2" (Basic program)
            BM3.BIN           "bm3" (Basic program)
            BM4.BIN           "bm4" (Basic program)
            BM5.BIN           "bm5" (Basic program)
            BM6.BIN           "bm6" (Basic program)
            BM7.BIN           "bm7" (Basic program)
            BM8.BIN           "bm8" (Basic program)
These 8 benchmark programs, provided by Jim Butterfield, are meant to be run
on the Emulator to show that 8032 programs will execute faster on the B128 with
the Emulator than they will on the 8032 itself.
-----------------------------------------------
 IV. Manfred Mager's Monitor
        Yet another machine language Monitor.
            CompuServe name:  EXTRA2.BIN
            Original name:   "extra monitor" (machine language program)
This monitor resides totally in bank 15.
            CompuServe name:  EXTRA1.BIN
            Original name:   "extra mn inst" (Basic program)
Instructions for installing the previous file and using the monitor.
            CompuServe name:  EXTRA3.BIN
            Original name:   "extra monitor.s" (Basic program--load and list)
The source code for the file above.
*ln6
*cn1;** * * * * * * * * * * * * **
*                           *
* Blazin' Forth for CBM-64  *
*                           *
*   System Documentation    *
*                           *
** * * * * * * * * * * * * **
*ln20
This documentation and the software it describes are
Copyright (C) 1985 by Scott Ballantyne

Distribution on a not for profit basis is encouraged.
Sale or Resale of this manual or software is not allowed.*cn0
*fp0
*ln5
I would like to acknowledge the following people, who contributed time, support or knowledge to this effort:

Glen Haydon, author of MVP-FORTH, whose book ALL ABOUT FORTH was my constant companion during the early stages of this project.

Henry Laxen, Forth Wizard and writer. Many of the best features of this compiler are due to his ideas, and his columns in Forth Dimensions are among the best and most creative writing on Forth I have ever seen. In particular, Laxen is the creator of the DEFER IS concept.

To RMS and WRG, wherever you are, thanks for everything you taught me.

Thanks to Chris M. A friend indeed.

Special thanks to BJ, who knows what she did.

Thanks to all those who put up with various versions of this compiler, and suffered almost as much as I did while debugging it.

CBM C64 C128 and Commodore-64 are trademarks of Commodore Business Machines.
*ln6
This software is dedicated to the memory of Leonard Rose.
*fp0




*cn1;Introduction*cn0



    This manual describes the special features of the Blazin' Forth compiler. It is not necessary to read the entire document before using the compiler.
    I would strongly urge you to at least glance through the first part paying special attention to the sections describing MOUNT and the EDITOR.
    Once this has been taken care of, you may proceed immediately to the portion you are most interested in. Blazin' Forth supports the sound chip, Turtle Graphics, and Sprites, as well as containing a complete string handling package. Please feel free to start with the sections which interest you the most.
*fp0
*hd3:Blazin' Forth Documentation,System Information,-#-
*cn1;Description*cn0

     Blazin' Forth is a complete Forth-83 system for the Commodore-64 computer. It includes all the words from the Required Word Set, the Double Number Extension Word Set, and the Assembler Extension Word set. It also includes almost all of the Controlled Reference Word set, and applicable words from the Uncontrolled Reference Word Set. The words omitted from the Controlled Word Set are --> , K , and Octal , all others are included. This system also contains its own versions of the System Extension Word Set, which include various compiler security features.
     In short, this is a complete implementation of the Forth-83 standard, suitable for developing programs which may be ported to other systems, or running programs developed on other systems.
     There are also various extensions to the standard system, which include additional boolean operators, words like ?KEY , ?DO, and ?LEAVE , which are very useful, but not yet part of the standard Forth language.
     When I first started writing this compiler, I had two main goals in mind. The first was to have a fast Forth-83 compiler on the C64. The other was to provide access to all of the nifty hardware features of this computer. Blazin' Forth includes words which make it simple to access the sound chip, and graphics chips of the 64. In particular, it includes a Turtle Graphics extension, which is by far the fastest implementation on the C64 I have ever seen.
     This document describes all of the features specific to Blazin' Forth. For information on Forth, I would suggest you obtain a copy of the Forth-83 standard, which is available from the Forth Interest Group (FIG) for a few dollars. If you are new to Forth, the book Starting Forth, by Leo Brodie, contains a very complete tutorial on the Forth Language. There is a file available, Start Blazin' Forth, which is intended to help you over the hurdles caused by the differences between the Starting Forth dialect of Forth (which is an earlier implementation of Forth) and Forth-83. Note that there are not many differences between the two.
     This system, its documentation and source code are Copyright (C) 1985 by Scott Ballantyne. Free distribution of this compiler is encouraged, distribution for profit is not allowed. (Users Groups and SYSOP's of bulletin boards may charge a small fee to cover their operating expenses. If in doubt, please ask.) Note that this system is not public domain, nor is it freeware. I don't want your money. If you like this system, why not contribute some software of your own? On the other hand, if you don't like it, why don't you contribute some software of your own? We all badly need good software.
     Blazin' Forth has been very carefully tested by a group of several people, some old Forthers, and some new ones. I believe this system is free of bugs, but suggestions for improvement are welcome, as are bug reports, should any new ones be discovered. A version for the C128 is planned which will include more features, such as Multi-tasking, a hashed dictionary structure (for super fast compiles) and other stuff. Dynamic vocabulary chaining is also being examined. Comments on any of these topics, or any other suggestions for improvements are very welcome. If you do communicate with me, please include the version number of your Forth system, (obtainable by typing .VERSION). I may be reached through Electronic mail:

Compuserve: 70066,603
Sourcemail: BDE712

Enjoy - and may the Forth be with you!

SDB

System Configuration, SAVE-FORTH
     Forth differs from other languages in many ways - one of the nicer ones is that it gives you a choice of the final configuration of your own system. When you first run Blazin' Forth, everything will be present in the dictionary - the string extensions, the Turtle Graphics words, the Sound Words, all utilities, everything. Since source code is provided for all system extensions starting with THRU , you may FORGET up to that point, and selectively compile the words you need. It is even possible to have many different Forth versions available. You may choose to compile only the editor, and the sound extensions, for example, to give more room for music applications. You may then save the new system by using the word SAVE-FORTH . You will be prompted for a filename, and the new system will then be saved to disk. Note that the modules are relatively independent (the sound extensions, string extensions, and graphics extensions are completely independent), but all require that the assembler be loaded, and may also use a few, but by no means all, of the Utility words.

If you FORGET THRU , you will have 41167 bytes of available memory, which you can use in any way you wish. (Warning: You will also remove the Assembler, and the Editor from memory if you do this!) This is a *lot* of memory, since Forth code is extremely compact.

Note that this also gives you the freedom to define your own system extensions - if you want more or different utilities, you can add them. If you don't like the way the string functions work, you can change them. There is no need to work around a system word that doesn't do exactly what you want - you can customize this Forth to your liking. ( Warning: Do *not* save a new Forth system to a disk which contains Forth source screens. See the EDITOR section for more info.)

CONFIGURE
Using CONFIGURE, you may alter the actual memory configuration of the system. At power up, Blazin' Forth has 4 virtual disk buffers, located from $C000 to $D000 . Should you want more or less ( adding buffers subtracts from the dictionary space, and cuts down on disk accesses, removing buffers increases dictionary space) you can do this as by using CONFIGURE .

Example: Configure to use 1 disk buffer:
1 IS #BUF  ( tell Forth how many buffers)
CONFIGURE  ( reconfigure)

You can also lower the top of memory. This could be useful to reserve memory for an RS-232 buffer, sprite data, or machine language programs.

Example: Lower top of memory to $C000

HEX ( use Hexidecimal base)
$C000 IS LIMIT ( tell Forth how high it can go)
CONFIGURE ( reconfigure the system)

STARTUP
You can have FORTH come up running a resident application. STARTUP is a system variable that holds the code field address of the first word to execute when first run, on an error, or on a RESTART. Your word must take over the functions of the FORTH word QUIT . For example, to have FORTH run a word processing application when first run, we define a word FOO , that will execute this program:

: FOO    BLK OFF SP! BEGIN RP! ( take on functions of QUIT)
         PROCESS-WORDS ( execute the program )  AGAIN ; ( forever)

Now that this is done, we change STARTUP :

' FOO STARTUP ! ( store code-field of FOO in STARTUP )

And then save this as a new system file. Warning: Be careful not to cause an error at this point, or the system will dump you into your word processing program!
MISC:
This Forth ignores case, unless you are entering literal strings between quotes. So, for example, whether you type EMIT emit Emit or EmIt , the result will be the same - EMIT will be executed. This allows you to program in a mixture of upper and lower case. 
Hitting RUN/STOP RESTORE will cause the FORTH system to warmstart. Default screen colors will be restored, the stack will be cleared, and decimal will become the current numeric base. Channels to the disk are unaffected, as are user programs and source screens in memory.
Typing RESTART will cause a cold start of the Forth system. This will return the system to the same configuration it had when first powered up.
Typing BYE will exit FORTH, and return to BASIC.
THRU is the best way to compile a sequential range of screens. It is far better than filling a screen with a series of LOAD commands. Example: 5 25 THRU will load screens from 5 to 25 inclusive.

*cn1;EDITOR*cn0

The EDITOR included with the system is the same as the one included in the book STARTING FORTH. All the editor commands described there are included in Blazin' Forth.

VERY IMPORTANT !!
Before accessing the disk drive, you must first type MOUNT, to initialize Forth's virtual memory system, and the disk drive. (Make sure a disk is in the drive before using this command.) This command must be used before LIST , INDEX , TRIAD , LOAD or THRU . MOUNT should also be used after changing disks. You only need to execute MOUNT once, at the start of an editing session, or before compiling (unless you RESTART , or change disks), but you can't get to the disk without it.
   Forth uses random access files. Random access files don't show up in the directory. A disk can be filled with Forth screens and a directory listing will still show an empty disk. Therefore, it is very important not to mix Forth source screens with standard CBM files. (Note: You can use standard CBM file types from forth - you just shouldn't mix them with your source code!)
     The disk drive light will remain lit while the system is enabled. This is normal, and should not cause you any concern.
     The word DCLOSE will close all of the channels to the disk drive, and turn off the light on the drive.

*cn1;PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION*cn0
The following words are included to aid in program documentation:

xx LIST  Lists screen# XX to the current output device. Enters the Editor.

xx TRIAD Lists the three screens including XX as a member to the current output device. The screens are formatted to fit on one normal sized sheet of printer paper. Example: 7 TRIAD will list screens 6, 7, and 8 to the screen. Includes PAUSE.

XX YY TRIADS list all triads from XX to YY . Note that this word assumes your printer has automatic paging. Includes PAUSE.

XX YY INDEX  Lists all first lines of all the screens starting with XX through and including YY. If you follow the FORTH editing convention of starting each screen with a comment, you can use this word to quickly locate words. Includes pause.

WORDS Lists all the words in the current search order. Note that WORDS includes PAUSE. See PAUSE for more information.Same as the older VLIST.



*cn1;PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AIDS*cn0
LOCATE
Forth Screens are great, allowing you to break up your programs into small modules, and even form interchangable libraries. One drawback, particularly in debugging, is the need to remember what screen number a particular word is located on. LOCATE removes this problem. For example, if you have a word, FOOBAR, which is in an application which you are currently testing, all you have to do is type LOCATE FOOBAR - and the system will list the screen which includes FOOBAR on the screen, and enter the editor. LOCATE will even access the disk if necessary! This is an extremely handy word. Try it, you'll soon wonder how you got along without it. Note that words in the pre-compiled portion cannot be LOCATEd.

DEBUGGING
     Blazin' Forth contains several aids to assist in debugging and developing programs. Perhaps the most powerful word is TRACE. TRACE allows you to single-step through a Forth word, and observe it's execution step by step. For example, to trace a word called XYZZY , all you have to do is type TRACE XYZZY . Nothing will appear to happen, but the next time XYZZY is executed, Forth will enter single step mode. The word about to be executed will be displayed, along with the current stack contents. You have two options here. You can hit the RUN/STOP key, which will halt the program, and turn off the trace, or you can type CONTROL-P, which will enter PAUSE mode. Forth will display a P? prompt, and wait for you to do something. At this point, you can do anything you want. Alter the stack contents, LIST a screen, define a new word. You can also decide to trace a new word. This can be useful in tracing through levels of execution. To continue where you left off, type CONT . When the word has finished executing, normal program execution will resume. Once tracing has been enabled, there are only two ways to turn it off. Hitting the run/stop key during a trace, as described above. Or typing NOTRACE, either during a pause, or after the program has executed. Note: If you cause an error while in PAUSE mode, you will be dumped out of the current trace, but the trace is still enabled.

WATCH
Another kind of debugging aid, very useful in some situations, is WATCH. WATCH will keep an eye on a memory location, and halt program execution when it changes, printing out all the words executed in that line of execution. This can be handy when trying to locate a word that is altering the value of a variable, or even destroying the dictionary! For example, if you have a variable PROBLEM.VAR , which is getting changed to a bad value at some point, and you can't find out where, first initialize the variable to the value you want it too have, and then type: PROBLEM.VAR WATCH . When the value of PROBLEM.VAR changes from what it was when you executed WATCH, the system will stop program execution, and execute UNRAVEL , which displays the higher level nesting of Forth words which occurred up to that point.

UNRAVEL

Essentially, UNRAVEL displays all words executed by Forth up to the point that UNRAVEL was executed. It does this by decoding the contents of the return stack. (For more information on this, see Starting Forth.) This allows you to see what words preceeded a given words execution. For example:

: FOO     BAR ;
: BAR     FOO2 ;
: FOO2    FOO3 ;
: FOO3    UNRAVEL ;

When FOO is executed, it will ultimately arrive at FOO3 , which will execute UNRAVEL. This will cause the following display at your terminal:

FOO  FOO3 FOO2 BAR 7106 INTERPRET RUN

(the words 7106 etc, are system words which are responsible for executing your input. They will always appear, and can just be ignored.)

This can be handy in determining what words lie in a certain execution path. Note that if you store values on the return stack, or if you use a DO LOOP, the return stack will contain stuff that is not relevant. UNRAVEL will just print these out as numbers, but this in itself, can be a very useful clue to debugging an application.

?PARAMS

This word will give an UNRAVEL trace if there are not enough parameters on the return stack. One use of ?PARAMS is to add run time error checking to the system. No run time error checking is performed by Forth. This allows applications to run faster, but can make life harder when you are developing an application. Forth does allow you to add this, if you want. When the program is finished, you can remove it, and the application will then run at full speed. For example, you can redefine the following:

: DROP   1 ?PARAMS DROP ;
: 2DROP  2 ?PARAMS 2DROP ;
etc.

DROP and 2DROP will now check the stack for the proper number of arguments, and give an error message, and an UNRAVEL dump if there are not enough arguments. One very nice thing about this way of doing things is that you don't have to re-edit your application once it's finished. You can redefine all of FORTH's stack operators in this way, load them in, and then load your application. When it's debugged, simply loading your application without loading the redefined stack operators will remove the run-time error checking, and allow your application to run at full speed.

This is only one example - such runtime error checks can be very useful, and are limited only by your imagination and debugging skills.

.S
.S is a common and highly useful word. It non-destructively prints out the contents of the stack, or the message STACK EMPTY, if there is nothing on the stack. Note that this version of .S displays unsigned numbers, so, for example, a value of -1 will display as 65535.

DUMP
DUMP takes two arguments, a starting address, and a count. It will then dump the contents of the memory locations to the current output device (in hex) and also the symbolic ASCII contents of those addresses. A period will be displayed if there is no corresponding ASCII character. This can be extremely useful for monitoring memory arrays, or simply trying too figure out why a CODE defintion doesn't work. Note that DUMP includes PAUSE. See PAUSE for more information.
EXAMPLE:
2000 64 DUMP  will display 64 memory locations starting with 2000.
DEFER and IS
These two words form a remarkably useful combination. DEFER is similar to the FORWARD declarations of other compilers. Ordinarily, you must compile a word before using it in another definition. DEFER lets you out of this obligation. EXAMPLE:
DEFER FOO ( postpone working on FOO)
: BAR   FOO ;

Later in the application, you may define:

: (FOO)   ." This is foo. " ;

At this point, FOO will simply give an error message, "UNSPECIFIED VECTOR". You must tell FOO what to do, like this:

' (FOO) IS  FOO  // make FOO do (FOO)

Note the tick (') - it's important! Now, typing FOO will result in the execution of (FOO).

Note that if you dislike the way a DEFERed word is performing, you can redefine it without recompiling the entire application. For example:

: NEWFOO  ." This is new foo." ;
' NEWFOO IS FOO

FOO will now execute NEWFOO, instead of (FOO). This allows you the incredible freedom of altering an already compiled word's behaviour - this is, so far as I know, unique to Forth!

Note that the usefulness of DEFER IS isn't limited to development. IS may be used inside a definition, and it's a convenient way to handle vectored execution. (See Starting Forth for more on vectored execution.) For example:

DEFER MESSAGE
: HI  ." Hi there." ;
: BYE ." See you later " ;
: SOLONG  ['] BYE  IS MESSAGE ;
: HELLO   ['] HI   IS MESSAGE ;

Executing SOLONG will cause MESSAGE to print "See you later" while executing HELLO will cause MESSAGE to print "Hi there". Note that when used inside a colon definition, you need to use ['] instead of ' .
*lk:blazin.doc2
*hd3:Blazin' Forth Documentation,System Information,-#-
*cn1;Input and Output*cn0

Blazin' Forth supports all the necessary words to handle any peripheral device on the serial bus, or on the IEEE bus, if you have an extension card like the BUSCARD II. I left certain definitions out deliberately, so that users who require them can define them as they like.

Higher Level Words.

The system supports I/O redirection of output to a printer. The words PRINTER and NOPRINTER will open a channel to a 1526 printer, connected as device # 4. After executing PRINTER , all output will be directed to the printer. NOPRINTER will redirect output to the screen. Both PRINTER and NOPRINTER are DEFERed (see DEFER for more information), to make it easy for you to alter them, if you need to, without having to recompile the system. #LP is a constant which contains the current device number of the systems line printer. As currently configured, PRINTER sends a control code to the printer which turns on paging, and NOPRINTER sends a control code which turns paging off (these codes are for the 1526 printer). If your printer uses different control codes, or doesn't require them, you will probably want to revector these words. I would suggest you examine the definitions of LP and NLP for an example of how to write such words in Forth. In particular, it is important to have PRINTER set the user variable PRINTING? to TRUE, and NOPRINTER should reset PRINTING? to false.

The word DOS" has been provided to allow you to send commands to the disk drive from Forth. Any command which is recognized by the 1541 or a compatible drive may be sent using this word. As an example:
DOS" N0:DISKNAME,ID"
will format a disk in drive 0. Note that there must be a space between the " and the command.

To read the disks error channel, you can use the word ?DISC . Note that ?DISC will only display the message if there is an error.

MOUNT
MOUNT initializes the virtual disk operating system of Forth. It *must* be used before any word which accesses the disk. Note that you only need to use this word once, at the start of a session, and not before every LIST or LOAD command. (You must reissue it if you use RESTART, or if you change disks during a session.) Note that the disk light will remain on while the system is in operation. This is normal, and should not cause you a second thought.

If you require information on accessing standard CBM disk files, please see the appendix. These are the only words required in normal usage of the system.
*fp0
*cn1;Extensions to the 83 Standard*cn0

BOOLEANS:

Blazin' Forth contains the following boolean tests which are not part of the 83 standard:

0<>  Leaves a true flag if top of stack is non-zero.

0>   Leaves a true flag if top of stack is positive.

<>   Leaves a true flag if top of stack is not equal to second element of stack.
D>   Leaves a true flag if the second double number is greater than the doublenumber on the top of the stack.

CONDITIONAL EXECUTION

BEGIN...AGAIN is included. It is the same as

BEGIN .... FALSE UNTIL

Or, in other words, an infinite loop.

Multiple WHILEs are supported by Blazin' Forth. For example:

BEGIN <action> <condition> WHILE <action> <condition> WHILE <action> REPEAT

Note that you are not limited to only two whiles, this is simply an example.

LOOPING

Forth-83 loops are very fast, make the older /LOOP unnecessary, and are generally much improved over the earlier Forth Loops. However, when the loop index is equal to the loop limit, the loop will not execute once, but 64k times. For occasions when this is not wanted, Blazin' Forth provides ?DO . ?DO will not allow the loop to be executed if the limit and index are equal. For example:

: LOOP1   ?DO I . LOOP ;

Does the same thing as:

: LOOP2  2DUP <> IF DO I . LOOP ELSE 2DROP THEN ;

Note that the first is much shorter, and also much faster. Of course, ?DO will also work with +LOOP, just like DO does.

Forth-83's LEAVE is also changed from earlier LEAVEs. Forth-83's LEAVE jumps immediately to the word after LOOP or +LOOP, while the older LEAVE would continue through the remainder of the loop, exiting at the LOOP or +LOOP. Blazin' Forth contains a word, ?LEAVE which can be quicker and a real code saver when all you need to do is scram. For example:

: EXIT1 10 0 DO  I . 5 = ?LEAVE LOOP ;

Will cause the same effect as:

: EXIT2 10 0 DO  I . 5 = IF LEAVE THEN LOOP ;

Note that ?LEAVE takes less room, and is also quicker, than the second alternative.

Interactive Extensions

?KEY ( -- char )
This word works just like the standard KEY , but while KEY will wait for a keypress, ?KEY reads the keyboard, and returns the ASCII value of the key pressed, or a null (0) if no key was pressed.

PAUSE ( -- flag)
This word is basically a souped up ?TERMINAL. ?TERMINAL will return a TRUE flag if the stop key is pressed, and false otherwise. PAUSE will do the same thing, but, additionally, if any key other than the stop key has been pressed, it will halt execution and wait for the next key. Note that although PAUSE handles the waiting, it is up to the calling word to process the flag.

JOYSTICK ( port# -- direction )
Requires a value on the stack, which should be either 0 or 1. If 0, joystick port 1 will be read, If 1, joystick port 2 will be read. Joystick leaves a value on the top of the stack which indicates the direction of the joystick. -1 means the stick is centered, 0 is up, with values increasing to the right, so 1 is forward and up, 2 is to the right, etc. Note that if these values are multiplied by 45 the result is suitable for SETH (see graphics extensions).

JOYBUTTON ( port# -- flag )
Leaves true on the stack if the joy stick button at the appropriate port is depressed, otherwise leaves false. Requires the same values on the stack as JOYSTICK.

PADDLE ( paddle# -- value )
Requires a number from 0 to 3 on the stack which specifies the paddle. Leaves a value between 0 and 255 on the stack, depending on the setting of the appropriate paddle. Note that these words may also be used to read other devices, such as a Koala Pad.

PADDLEBUTTON ( paddle# -- flag)
Leaves a true or a false on the stack, depending on whether or not the addressed button has been depressed. Requires the same values as PADDLE.

JIFFY! ( doublenumber -- )
Used to set the 64's Jiffy Clock. Requires a double number on the stack.

JIFFY@ ( -- doublenumber )
Used to read the 64's Jiffy Clock. Leaves a double number on the stack. Note that 1 Jiffy = 1/60 of a second.

JIFFIES ( n -- )
Requires a single number on the stack. JIFFIES will cause a wait of n jiffies before continuing.

CURSOR ( x y -- )
Positions the cursor at the x y coordinates on the top of the stack.

CURSORPOS ( -- x y )
Leaves the current position of the cursor ( x and y ) on the top of the stack.


CONSTANTS
Blazin' Forth has precompiled the following constants.

0 1 2 3
These simply leave their value on the stack.

TRUE
Leaves the value for TRUE (-1) on the stack.
FALSE
Leaves the value for FALSE (0) on the stack.

VARIABLES
Blazin' Forth has the following variables which may be of use to you:

#LINE
A user variable which contains the number of times the word CR has been executed. May be examined to control output formatting. Note that this word is reset by PAGE to 0.

#OUT
A user variable which contains the number of characters TYPEd or EMITted since the last CR. Note that words such as SPACE or SPACES, which use EMIT, will also bump this variable. May be examined by the user to control output formatting. CR resets to 0.

DPL
A user variable which contains the number of places after the decimal point for input conversion.

FENCE
A user variable which contains the address below which FORGET will not operate. This may be changed by the user, but caution must be observed.

VIEW?
A user variable which controls whether or not a view field will be compiled by CREATE. The view field is the field used by LOCATE to find the source code for definitions in the dictionary. If VIEW? is 0 , then no view field will be compiled. To compile view fields, VIEW? must contain a 2. Any other value will cause the system to behave oddly. Note that turning VIEW? off will save memory, but it does not affect execution speed. You should also be aware that executing SAVE-FORTH will save the current values of certain system variables, such as FENCE, VIEW?, WIDTH and WARNING.

WARNING
A variable which controls the printing of non-fatal error messages (such as NAME ALREADY EXISTS). If warning is false, no messages will be printed.

WIDTH
Controls the number of characters actually stored in the dictionary. The default is 31, which is specified by the Forth-83 standard. This may be changed by the user. Note that using fewer characters will save memory.

Although not variables, the following are used so often, this is probably a good place to tell you about them:

OFF
Stores a false (0) in a variable. VARIABLENAME OFF is the same as FALSE VARIABLENAME ! , but much quicker.

ON
Stores a true (-1) in a variable. VARIABLENAME ON is the same as TRUE VARIABLENAME ! , but much quicker.

MATH

(Note: The stack notation below uses n as an abbreviation for single numbers, and d to represent double numbers. Also note that floored division is used, to be consistant with the rest of the standard)

2* ( n -- 2*n)
Performs an arithmetic left shift of n, leaving the result on the top of the stack.

D2* ( d -- d*2)
Same as 2* , but for double numbers.

M* ( n1 n2 -- d )
D is the doublenumber product of the single numbers n1 n2.

M*/ ( d1 n1 n2 -- d2 )
d2 is the result of multiplying d1 by n1 and dividing the resulting product by n2. An triple-precision intermediate product is used, and all values are signed.

M+ ( d1 n -- d2 )
d2 is the sum of d1 and n. All values are signed.

M/ ( d1 n -- n2 n3)
n3 is the remainder and n2 is the quotient of the division of d by n1. All values are signed.

M/MOD ( ud1 u1 -- u2 ud2 )
ud2 is the quotient and u2 is the remainder of the division of ud1 by u1.

S>D ( n -- d )
n is sign extended to form the double number d.

MISC:

ASCII
A handy word. Used in the form 
ASCII * 
to either leave the ascii code for the following character on the top of the stack, or compile it as a literal for later execution. ASCII makes programs much more readable, and also saves much time spent looking up ascii codes in tables.
*fp0
CONTROL
Also handy. Used in the form
CONTROL "c"
where c is one of the 64's weird reversed control characters, such as a cursor left or a clear screen.

FREE ( -- #bytes)
Leaves the number of bytes free on the stack. This may be changed by CONFIGURE. (Note that the amount of memory occupied by the disk buffers is not considered FREE, although it may be used by user programs if no disk accesses are to be performed.)

//
Causes the rest of the line to be viewed as a comment. Corresponds to a backslash, found on some computers, but, regrettably, not on the C64.

Blazin' Forth also includes Kim Harris's experimental proposals for dictionary operators. See the text of the Forth-83 standard for more information.

*lk:blazin.doc3
*hd3:Blazin' Forth Documentation,Strings,-#-
*cn1;String Extensions*cn0

Overview:

There are two values associated with every string variable in Blazin' Forth. The first is the maximum allowable length of the string, which is set when you create a string variable. The second is the actual length of the string, which is set when you actually store the string in the variable. It is important to keep this in mind when using strings, since the string operators will truncate the string if you try to store more characters in the string than you have allotted room for. Of course, you don't have to use the whole space, but you can't overflow it.

STRING STRINGS

These two words are used to reserve variable space for the strings in memory. STRING is used to allocate a single string variable, while STRINGS allocates a string array. You must always tell Forth how long your string is going to be. It can be any length, within the maximum limit of 255. Example:

10 STRING NAME$

Creates a string variable called NAME$ in the dictionary. Space is reserved for 10 characters. This variable will behave exactly like a regulation Forth variable, and leave its address on the stack. Note that the address is the address of the count byte, which allows you to use COUNT TYPE on the string to type it out.

STRINGS requires the number of strings you intend to store, as well as their maximum length. Example:

5 20 STRINGS ARRAY$

Reserves room in the dictionary for 5 strings of 20 characters each. To access the 3rd string in ARRAY$, you simply type:
*fp0
3 ARRAY$

And the address of the third 20 character string in ARRAY$ will be left on the stack. Each string in a string array is stored with its own count byte, and the address left when you access a string in a string array will be the address of the length byte for that string. Note that both STRING and STRINGS initialize the string length to zero.


"
" is used to compile string literals. When it is executed, it leaves the address of the count byte of the string on the stack. For example:

: JOHN$  " JOHN" COUNT TYPE ;

When executed, JOHN$ will print JOHN on the terminal. Note that " may also be used outside a definition. In this case, the string will be stored at PAD, and the current address of PAD will be left on the stack.

$SIZE $LENGTH
These two words are used to determine the length of strings or their maximum allowable size. $SIZE will leave the maximum allowable length of the string on the stack, while $LENGTH will leave the length of the string currently stored in the variable. Example:

NAME$ $SIZE ( leaves the maximum number of characters allowable in NAME$)

NAME$ $LENGTH ( leaves the length of the string currently stored in NAME$)

$!

This word is used to store a string in a variable. You can use it to initialize a string variable from a string literal. Example:

" This is a string" NAME$ $! ( store string literal in NAME$)

Note that strings will be truncated to the max length allowable for the string variable you are moving the string too. So for example, if NAME$ was created with a maximum size of 5, the only characters actually stored in NAME$ would be "THIS ".

You can also move strings from one variable to another with this word:

TRASH$ NAME$ $! ( move the string in TRASH$ to NAME$ )

Note that this word only operates on string variables - you can't use it, for example, to move a string to the PAD (see COPY$ for a way to do this.)

$+
This performs the concatenation operation. Once again, if the total length of the concatenated string exceeds the length of the variable, then the string will be truncated. Example:

FOO$ BAR$ $+ ( the concatenated string is left in FOO$ )

Strings may be added (concatenated) to themselves:

FOO$ FOO$ $+  or  FOO$ DUP $+

$?
This simply types out the string. Example:

NAME$ $? ( type current string in NAME$)

COPY$
This word will extract a portion of a string, and move it to another string. It takes four arguments. The string address from which the string is going to be copied, the starting character of the substring, then ending character of the substring, and the destination. Example:

NAME$ 2 4 LIST$ COPY$ ( move characters 2 thru 4 of NAME$ to the start of LIST$)
You can also move a string to the pad with this word:

NAME$ 2 10 PAD  COPY$ ( move characters 2-10 of NAME$ to the PAD)

Note that you can move the entire string by simply giving indexes of 1 and 255:

NAME$ 1 255 PAD COPY$ ( move the whole string to the PAD)


+$!
This word is used to store a string in the middle of another string. For example:

NAME$ JUNK$   4  +$!

Will store NAME$ starting at the 4th character in JUNK$. This is a very useful string operation, particularly in conjuntion with COPY$ :

NAME$ 2 4 PAD COPY$    PAD JUNK$ 4 +$! 

Will move the 2 thru the 4th characters of NAME$ to JUNK$, starting at the 4th character of JUNK$ ( try this one in BASIC!).

Note that +$! will only modify an already initialized string. For example, if JUNK$ contains a 10 character string, then:
NAME$ 2 4 PAD COPY$ PAD JUNK$ 11 +$!

will be a null operation. There are often cases when you want to build up an unitialized string from smaller pieces, or to use a single string variable as a one dimensional string array. To do this, you must first initialize the string to all spaces. The word $BLANK has been provided for this purpose. $BLANK will set the entire string to spaces, and then set the length of the string equal to the maximum size for that string. Example:

LIST$ $BLANK ( blank LIST$)

IN$

This word will find the first occurence of a string in another string, and return the index of the first character. If nothing is found, a 0 is returned. Example:

NAME$ LIST$ IN$ ( return the first occurence of NAME$ in LIST$)


$=  $<  $>   $<>  $<=   $>=

These are the string boolean operators. Note that, everything else being equal, the longer string is considered the greater, and also that lower case is not the same as upper case.

>LOWER

This word is principly useful for carrying out string comparisons when you want to ignore case. It takes a starting address, and a count, and converts the entire thing to lower case. (Lower case being the same as upper case when the computer is in uppercase/graphics mode). Note that the string is converted where it stands, so if you want to preserve the original form, move it somewhere else before using this word.

Example: Check if two strings are equal:
NAME$ TEST$ $=

Example: Check if two strings are equal, but ignore case:

NAME$ DUP COUNT >LOWER TEST$ DUP COUNT >LOWER $=

Example: Check if two strings are equal, ignore case, but preserve the original form of the strings:

NAME$ 1 255 PAD COPY$ ( move to pad)
PAD COUNT >LOWER      ( convert to lower case)
TEST$ TRASH$ $!       ( move TEST$ to a temporary variable)
TRASH$ COUNT >LOWER   ( convert to lower case)
PAD TRASH$ $=         ( compare)


INPUT$
This accepts input from the keyboard, and moves the string to the variable whose address is on the stack. Note that the PAD is used for temporary storage, and a copy will remain there immediately after using this word. Note also that the full length of the input will be in pad, but it will be truncated if moved to a variable which is not large enough.

Example:

: GETNAME ." Please type your name " NAME$ INPUT$ ;

This example will prompt the user, and store his response in NAME$.

VALUE$
This word will convert a string stored at an address to a double number on the stack. Example:

NUMBER$ VALUE$  ( convert the string in NUMBER$ to a double number on the stack.)

 Using these basic string operations, all necessary string handling operations may be carried out. You can also easily define your own custom string handling words. For example, if you are particularly fond of BASIC's string handling procedures, it is easy to define Forth equivalents using these operators. For example:

: LEFT$   ( addr1 n addr2 --)
>R 1 SWAP R> COPY$ ( move n leftmost  characters of addr1 to addr2) ;

Which you would use as follows:

NAME$ 4 TEMP$ LEFT$  ( the 4 leftmost characters in NAME$ are left in TEMP$)

: RIGHT$  ( Move n right most characters of addr1 to addr2. 
            Stack:  addr1 n addr2 -- )
>R OVER $LENGTH 1+ SWAP -  OVER $LENGTH R> COPY$ ;

You would use RIGHT$ as follows:

NAME$ 4 TEMP$ RIGHT$ ( the 4 rightmost characters of NAME$ are left in TEMP$.)

You can use definitions like these to easily convert BASIC programs to FORTH. Personally, I think you will find it more flexible in the long run to use indexes into the strings, rather than the less flexible BASIC type of command. That's only an opinion - many people have lived long and productive lives, and never once indexed into a string.

*lk:blazin.doc4
*hd3:Blazin' Forth Documentation,SID Support,-#-
*cn1;SID Chip Support*cn0

Blazin' Forth Contains all the words necessary to access the SID (Sound Interface Device) of the C64. Forths speed and flexibility make it ideal for this kind of real time control. Included with the source code is an extensive example of using Blazin' Forth to program music. This is loaded by typing: 105 124 THRU . (Remember, you must type MOUNT before using THRU or LOAD. You need only issue MOUNT once, of course. See MOUNT for more information.)

MUSIC.ON

This word *must* be executed before executing any of the note words. It clears the sound chip, initializes important variables and then starts up a interrupt driven routine that is responsible for timing the voices, and gating off the sounds at the proper time.

MUSIC.OFF

This word should be at the end of the music program. It restores the 64's normal interrupt system, and shuts off SID. Note that peculiar results will occur if these two words are not used in their proper order. (Note: Typing RUN/STOP RESTORE will have the same effect as MUSIC.OFF)

V1 V2 V3
These words set the current voice. For example, typing V1 will cause all of the following commands to affect only voice 1.
*fp0
ATTACK DECAY SUSTAIN RELEASE
These set the envelope parameters for the sid chip. Each one takes a parameter between 0 and 15. Example:

V1 0 ATTACK 15 DECAY 0 SUSTAIN 0 RELEASE ( setparams for voice 1)
V2 15 ATTACK 0 DECAY 15 SUSTAIN 15 RELEASE ( setparameters for voice 2)


VOLUME
Takes a value between 0 and 15. Note that this command sets the volume for all voices.

15 VOLUME ( set volume for all voices to max)

C D E F G A B C# D# F# G# A# D< E< F< E# G< A< B< R
These words do the actual playing of the notes. Note that the sign "<" by some of the notes is actually the left arrow sign, but EZ-script won't allow that to be entered into a document. It means the notes are flatted. There is also a word R , which acts like a REST. (TIP: You may find music which has long passages of rests for one voice, while the others continue. It is not necessary to code all of these rests. Once R has been executed, the voice will remain off until it is reactivated with one of the note words. This is a great memory and patience saver. The only thing you must be careful of when coding this way is to make sure the rest specified isn't *longer* than the actual rest, since Blazin' Forth will not play any note before its time.)

1/32 .1/32 1/16 .1/16 1/8 .1/8 1/4 .1/4 1/2 .1/2  WHOLE TRIPLET TIE
These words set the rythmic duration of the note values. Note that you need to set a rythmic value for a particular voice only once - setting other rythmic values for other voices will not affect each other.

OC0 OC1 OC2 OC3 OC4 OC5 OC6 OC7
These words set the octaves for each voice. Note that, as for the note length values, once an octave has been set for a voice, it remains set for that voice until you specifically change it - specifying a new octave for a different voice will affect only the new voice, not any of the others. A C64 octave extends from C to B, with OC4 C playing a middle C.

TEMPO
This word sets the tempo and the release time (which is a fraction of the tempo) for each note. The tempo value is stored in MAAZEL, while the amount of time the note spends in its release cycle is stored in REL.TIME. (Note for music hackers: You may tweek the value in REL.TIME after you have set it with TEMPO. For example, if you don't wish the note to be gated off at all, you can store a 0 in REL.TIME, while if you would like the notes in the piece to spend more time in the release cycle, you can increase the value stored here by the system.)

TRIANGLE SAWTOOTH PULSE NOISE SYNCH RING
These words set the waveform for the current voice. Example:

V1 TRIANGLE ( set voice 1 to a triangle wave)
*fp0
PULSE.WIDTH
This word takes a value on the stack, which sets the pulse width for the current voice. (Note that you must have selected the PULSE waveform for this command to have any effect.) This is a number between 0 and 4095. Typing 2048 PULSE.WIDTH will make a square wave.

Now that we have covered the basics, here are some examples:

MUSIC.ON ( initialize SID and timing routine)
100 TEMPO   15 VOLUME ( set tempo and volume)
V1 TRIANGLE  0 ATTACK 9 DECAY ( set waveform and envelope for voice 1 )
1/4 OC4 ( set quarter notes and octave)
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B OC5 C (play a chromatic scale)
MUSIC.OFF ( turn everything off)

This is the basic form of all music programs in Blazin' Forth. Note that MUSIC.ON is executed before any paramaters are set, and that the tempo, volume, and note lengths are set before any notes are played.

Here is a slightly more complex example. You may enter this interactively, or edit it onto a screen.

: SETTINGS ( setup to play some Bach)
100 TEMPO  15 VOLUME
V1  9 SUSTAIN SAWTOOTH ( voice 1 params)
V2  9 SUSTAIN SAWTOOTH ( voice 2 params) ;

: BACH1 ( two part invention# 1, first measure)

V1  1/16  OC4  ( voice, duration, octave for voice 1)
R C D E F D E C  1/8  G
V2 1/16 OC3 R C  V1 OC5 C  V2 D E ( play 1/8 notes in V1 against 1/16 in V2)
V1 OC4 B  V2 F D  V1 OC5 C  V2  E C
V1 1/16 D  V2 G  ;

Note that it was only necessary to set the octave and duration for each voice once. The system keeps track of the settings for each voice for you, so you only need to change them when the music demands it.
You probably also noticed that I left out the MUSIC.ON  MUSIC.OFF words. That's because we are going to use BACH1 in another word, in just a moment. You can hear the BACH1 word by typing:

MUSIC.ON SETTINGS BACH1 MUSIC.OFF

or you can make another word:

: PLAY-BACH1  MUSIC.ON  SETTINGS BACH1 MUSIC.OFF ;

to do the work for you. You can use BACH1 to get almost two measures of this Invention (with slight apologies to JSB) like this:

: BACH2   MUSIC.ON  SETTINGS  BACH1 7 TRANSPOSE  BACH1    MUSIC.OFF ;

BACH2 will play BACH1 and then repeat it again, a fifth (7 half-steps) higher, which is all Bach really did. Note that we could have easily changed the waveform or the envelope settings for the second measure if we wanted to. The possibilities for programming musical Forth words is limited only by your imagination.

Accessing SID's advanced features:

Blazin' Forth contains words that make it easy to access the special features of the SID chip, such as the filters.

HIPASS LOWPASS BANDPASS NOTCH
These filters specify the type of filter to be used. Note that SID will only allow one type of filter to be selected at once, but this filter will only affect the voices which are routed through it. You may elect to filter all the voices, or only one or two.

FILTER
This word routes the current voice through the filter. For example:
V1 LOWPASS FILTER
Will turn on the lowpass filter and route only voice 1 through it. The other voices are un-affected.

NOFILTER
This word stops the filtering for the current voice. For example:
V1 NOFILTER
Will restore voice 1 to its un-filtered state. Note that the actual filter setting is unaffected by this command.

RESONANCE
This word takes a number between 0 and 15 on the stack, and sets the resonance of the filter, with 15 being maximum resonance. Example:

15 RESONANCE ( set resonance to maximum)
CUTOFF
This word takes a number between 0 and 2047 which sets the cutoff frequency for the current filter.

Example:

Using our BACH1 example from above, we can play around a little with the filters, to see how they change the sounds that come out:

MUSIC.ON  SETTINGS  ( set it up)

V1 HIPASS FILTER   2000 CUTOFF 15 RESONANCE ( set up a highpass filter for v1)
BACH1 ( play it)
V2 FILTER  ( filter both voices)
BACH1 ( play it with both filtered voices)
V1 NOFILTER ( don't filter voice 1)
BACH1
V1 LOWPASS FILTER
( setup a lowpass filter with the same settings, and send v1 thru it)
BACH1 ( play it - note that V2 is still filtered)
V1 NOFILTER V2 NOFILTER BACH1 ( play without filters)
MUSIC.OFF ( shut down everything)

As you can see, it is quite easy to access the SID chip using the words provided with the system.

MISC.

V3OFF
This word will disconnect the audio output of voice 3. It is usually advisable to do this when using the output of voice 3 to modulate the other voices.

OSC3@
This word allows you to read the output of the voice 3's oscillator. This can be used to modulate one of the other voices. Note that a waveform must be selected for voice three in order for this register to output anything other than 0.

ENV3@
Same as OSC3@ , but allows you to read the value of voice 3's envelope generator. Note that envelope parameters must be set, and voice 3 gated in order for this register to return anything other than 0.

TRANSPOSE
Takes a number on the stack, which determines the number of half-steps the following notes will be moved up. Note that only positive values will have any effect. Using TRANSPOSE can save memory (and typing!), since sections which are repeated in a musical work may be replayed in a different key with this word. 0 TRANSPOSE will restore the notes to their normal values.

Voice Modulation:
One of the most fascinating areas to explore with SID is the area of voice modulation. In order to modulate voices, it is necessary to modify the source code to some of the sound words in Blazin' Forth. The heart of the music words is a procedure called PLAY. By modifying this word, it is possible to dynamically change the quality of a note while it is actually being sounded, by modulating it or otherwise tampering. There are several examples of how to do this located on the source disk. Note that these screens should be loaded in the order presented below.

Screens 125-126 contain a demonstration of how to add vibrato effects. It is possible to vary the width and speed of the vibrato, to get many different types. To access this demo, make sure the disk is available (see MOUNT) and then type: 125 126 THRU . When the screens are compiled, the demo is executed by typing PLAY-LIKE-LYNN .

The next 3 screens contain sound effects demonstrations. Screen 127 has the words SIREN and CLAPS. To access these words, type 127 LOAD , and then SIREN or CLAPS .
Screen 128 contains an example of RING MODULATION. Type 128 LOAD and then BELL-SOUNDS.
Screen 129 contains an example of voice synchronization. Type 129 LOAD , and then SYNCH-DEMO.

The SID chip is a fascinating device, and the brief discussion here hardly does it credit. It is possible to generate really remarkable music and  sound effects using these words with SID. If you need basic information on things like envelopes, waveforms, and filtering, I would strongly urge you to obtain a copy of the programmers reference quide.
*fp0
*lk:blazin.doc5
*hd3:Blazin' Forth Documentation,Graphics Support,-#-
*cn1;VIC chip Support*cn0

Blazin' Forth contains an extensive implementation of Turtle Graphics which supports all of the graphics modes of the 64, and is also by far the fastest turtle graphics implementation I have ever seen on this computer. I am particularly proud of this aspect of Blazin' Forth, and I hope you get a lot of pleasure out of it.

Turtle Graphics was developed by Seymour Papert of MIT as part of his Logo language, and it is an excellent way to explore computer graphics. The Turtle in Turtle Graphics is a graphics cursor, generally shaped like a triangle (shaped like an arrow-head in Blazin' Forth). You control the turtle by telling it to move FORWARD, or BACK , and as it moves, it draws a line. You control the turtles direction by giving it commands like RIGHT or LEFT. You can also use coordinates, through the SETXY command.

The graphics screen in Blazin' Forth is 240 turtle steps high ( screen coordinates 0 to 239) and 320 turtle steps wide ( screen coordinates 0 to 319). Wraparound, which is usually part of Turtle Graphics systems, is not implemented, since I think it's preferable to see part of a figure instead of a mess. The lines drawn by the turtle are therefore clipped. It should also be mentioned that the graphics screen does not take any of the memory normally available to Forth due to the intensive use made of the C64's powerful bank switching feature.

DRAW
Sets up the graphics screen, with the turtle in the center of the screen, pointing straight up. Defaults to SCOLOR and SPLITSCREEN , but these may be changed. It is extremely important that this word (or SCOLOR or DCOLOR) be used at least once before typing any of the other graphics words!

FD or FORWARD
Takes a number on the stack and moves the turtle forward that distance. Draws a line if the turtles pen is down. Example:
20 FD ( move the turtle 20 turtle steps forward)

BK or BACK
Takes a number on the stack and moves the turtle back that distance. Draws a line if the pen is down. Example:
20 BK ( move the turtle 20 turtle steps back)

RT or RIGHT
Takes a number on the stack, and rotates the turtle right that number of degrees. Example:
90 RIGHT ( rotate the turtle 90 degrees to the right)

LT or LEFT
Takes a number on the stack, and rotates the turtle left that number of degrees. Example:
90 LT ( rotate the turtle 90 degrees to the left)
*fp0
SP or SPLITSCREEN
Enters SPLITSCREEN mode, with 5 lines of text on the bottom of the screen, and the rest of the screen in graphics mode. This is the default condition. Due to the location of the hires screen, a small amount of flicker may be observed, particularly when the turtle is in the region of the split. This is a hardware limitation over which I have no control. Sorry.

FS or FULLSCREEN
Exits SPLITSCREEN mode. The entire graphics screen is displayed. Note that if you want to mix music and graphics, you must be in FULLSCREEN mode. This is because both splitscreen mode and the music words are interrupt driven.

NOSPLIT
This will cause DRAW to default to FULLSCREEN mode. Executing SPLITSCREEN will restore SPLITSCREEN as the default condition.

BG or BACKGROUND
Takes a number on the stack, and sets the background color of the hires screen to that color. When in splitscreen mode, the border color will also be affected by this command. The number should be between 0 and 15, as described in the programmers reference guide. Example:

1 BG ( sets background to white)

PC or PENCOLOR
Takes a number on the stack, and sets the pencolor of the turtle to that color. Note that a pencolor of -1 is allowed, and will cause the turtle to erase, instead of draw. Example:

2 PC ( draw in red)

PE or PENERASE
Causes the turtle to erase instead of draw as it moves. Note that the pen must be down in order to erase. (Or the eraser must be down, in this case.)

PU or PENUP
Lifts the turtles pen. The turtle may be moved without drawing or eraseing a line.

PD or PENDOWN
Sets the turtles pen down. The turtle will once again draw a line as it moves.

HT or HIDETURTLE
Makes the turtle invisible. Note that a pleasant side effect of this is that drawing will become even faster.

ST or SHOWTURTLE
Makes the turtle visible.

SCOLOR
Enters single color or HIRES mode. In this mode, all colors are available, but drawing over lines drawn in one color with a line in another color will change a small portion of the previous line to the new color. Lines have a finer, sharper appearance in this mode. Note that executing either SCOLOR or DCOLOR will have the same effect as DRAW - the screen will be cleared, and the turtle moved to its home position.

DCOLOR
Enters double color mode. In this mode, up to three lines of different colors may share the same area without conflict. Lines are thicker, but the colors are easier to see. Note that when in DCOLOR mode, scrolling of the text screen underneath the draw screen may affect certain of the colors. Since splitscreen mode is usually used only when debugging, this should not be a serious problem. (It's due to the sharing of color memory between the text screen and the hires screen.) Once DCOLOR has been selected, draw will default to this mode until SCOLOR is once again executed.

HOME
Sends the turtle to its home - center screen, pointing straight up. Note that the turtle will draw a line if the pen is down. (see: WINDOW)

SETXY
Takes two values from the stack - the X and Y coordinates of a point, and moves the turtle to that location, drawing a line if the pen is down. Example:

100 100 SETXY ( move the turtle to 100 100 )

SETH or SETHEADING
Takes a number on the stack which sets the current heading of the turtle. 0 degrees is pointing straight up, with degrees increasing to the right. Example:

90 SETH ( aim turtle at the right of the screen)

G$
Takes the address of a text string, and  two coordinates. G$ then types the textstring on the graphics screen. The characters are not drawn by the turtle, and so the turtles position and heading are not affected. The only commands which affect both the turtle and G$ are PC ( except -1 PC , which has no effect on G$) and WINDOW. Characters drawn in DCOLOR mode are not very legible, incidentally. Example:

" THIS IS A STRING" 100 100 G$ ( type string starting at 100 100)

WINDOW ( x1 y1 x2 y2 -- )
Sets up a drawing window for the turtle. Takes four entries from the stack. x1 and y1 are the coordinates of the lower left corner of the drawing window, while x2 and y2 are the coordinates of the upper right hand corner of the drawing window. Executing this command will cause the turtle to center itself inside the window, and, although the turtle can move outside of the window, lines will be drawn only within the window boundary. Note that G$ is also affected by this command. HOME will center the turtle at its new home, but DRAW will reset the window to its maximum. Note that an error occurs if the coordinates passed to WINDOW are outside of the current window. An example of windowing is provided on the source disk. Make sure the disk is mounted, and then type 130 LOAD .

RESWIND
Calling this word will reset the turtle window to its default condition. This word must be used if you intend to set up multiple windows, since the new window will likely be outside of the old one, and therefore cause an error. Example:

: WINDOW1 RESWIND 0 0 50 50 WINDOW ;
: WINDOW2 RESWIND 100 100 150 150 WINDOW ;


The following are variables which may be accessed to determine the state of the turtle.

XCOR YCOR  These are system variables which contain the current X coordinate andd Y coordinate of the turtle. Note that these variables should only be used to determine the coordinates of the turtle. Storing values in these variables will have strange effects. If you want to change the turtles position, you should use SETXY . Example:

XCOR @ YCOR @ . . ( display the current xy coordinates of the turtle.)

HEADING  This contains the current heading of the turtle, in degrees. 0 is straight up, increasing to the right. The same caution applies as for XCOR YCOR . If you want to change the turtles heading, use SETH or SETHEADING. Example:

HEADING @ .  ( print the turtles heading on the screen)

PENSTATE  True if pen is down.

TURTLESTATE True if turtle is visible.

Don't be misled by the apparent simplicity of turtle graphics. It is extremely powerful, and allows many remarkable pictures to be drawn, as well as many interesting mathematical explorations to be carried out. It's also a *lot* of fun. As a simple example, here is a word that takes one value from the stack, and draws a square with sides of that length:

: SQUARE  ( SIDE -- )
    4 0 DO DUP FD 90 RT LOOP DROP ;

To try out this word, type DRAW and then 100 SQUARE. A square of 100 turtle units per side will be drawn.

This is obviously a simple example, but the power of turtle graphics, combined with the speed and power of Forth, allow amazingly rich and complex graphics displays to be drawn with words that are barely more complex than our SQUARE definition. As another example, here is a word that trues a truly remarkable curve:

: C-CURVE ( SIDE LEVEL )
     ?DUP 0= IF FD EXIT THEN
     2DUP 1- RECURSE
     90 RT
     2DUP 1- RECURSE
     90 LT 2DROP ;

This innocent looking definition draws a real whopper of a curve. To try it out, type DRAW, and then issue the following sequence of commands to orient the turtle:

70 BACK CLEARSCREEN FULLSCREEN 90 LEFT 3 10 C-CURVE

This type of curve is known as a fractal, which have received a lot of attention recently in the popular press. They have the reputation of being *very* hairy. Note the simplicity of the definition, and note also that Turtle Graphics and recursion are naturals when used together. I hope this brief introduction will encourage you to explore turtle graphics further on your own. There are some other programing examples included on the source disk. Aside from the windowing demo mentioned earlier, there are:

Another fractal, the DRAGON curve. This program draws a whole family of Dragons. Access this by typing 137 LOAD.

Space-filling curves. The famous HILBERT curve is here, as is the less well know but very pretty and interesting SIERPINKSI curve. To view these curves, type 135 136 THRU. The dragon curve, and both of these curves, are further examples of recursive programming in Forth.

There is a simple example of the use of DCOLOR mode. Access this by typing 131 133 THRU.

All of the above will run when they are loaded. In addition, there are some examples included which you may play around with interactively. Block 131 contains some words which draw circles. Screen 134 contains some words which use these words to build up more complex designs. First type 131 LOAD, and then 134 LOAD. The words available are:

SPINSHRINK Type DRAW SPINSHRINK to see this design.

The next two words require you to place a parameter on the stack.

SLINKY requires a value on the stack, which determines the radius of the circles drawn.

SPINSLINKY requires the same value. (This is a particularly pretty display.)

Finally, screen 138 contains three examples which deal with polygons. These are quite famous among turtle graphics users, and they are presented here to show you one way to implement them in Forth, or to introduce you to them, if you haven't met them before. Typing 138 LOAD will compile the following words:

POLY This word requires two values on the stack, which specify a side length and an angle. POLY draws closed polygons, and any polygon may be drawn by POLY. For example DRAW 100 90 POLY will draw a square of 100 turtle units.

POLYSPI This word requires the same two parameters on the stack as POLY, but POLYSPI draws spiraling polygons. This is easier to see than it is to describe. For example, DRAW 1 90 POLYSPI will draw a spiraling square (or SQUIRAL).

INSPI This word also requires two values on the stack, but where POLYSPI increased the side each time, INSPI increases the angle. An incredible variety of shapes can be drawn with both INSPI and POLYSPI. One of my favorite INSPI designs is DRAW 10 1 INSPI . You will no doubt discover others you like, as you try out the effects of different stack values on each of these words.

Blazin' Forth also contains words that allow you to manipulate sprites. Blazin' Forth will take care of most of the hardware details for you, but some caution must be exercised. Since you must setup your own sprite data areas, it is possible to garbage the disk buffers with your sprite data. However, with a small amount of care, this should not occur, since there is enough room for 45 sprites without stealing any room from Forth. (A total of 109 sprite images are available.)

You should first enter a sprite definition into the Forth dictionary. The method you use to do this is up to you. One possibility is to use C, as follows:

CREATE SPRITE1 0 C, 2 C, etc.

Or you can use the " word, if the string handlers are loaded into the system:

: SPRITE1 "ANCND" etc. ;

Note that if you use this second way, then you must add 1 to the address left by " , since the address left by " is the address of the strings count byte, and SETSHAPE , which is the word used to transfer the data to the sprite areas, expects the address of the start of the data on the stack.
However you decide to do it, your sprite definitions must be 64 bytes long. There are 63 bytes of spirte display data, while the last byte is used by the system to set the sprites color mode. If the last byte is 0 , then the sprite will be a hires (single color) sprite. If the last byte is anything else, then the sprite will be a multicolored one.

Each sprite-shape is assigned a sprite number by the hardware. You must use a slight amount of care in setting your shapes, since it is possible to garbage your disk buffers, or to select an area which the system is already using for something else, such as the color storage for the graphics screen.

There are 45 shape numbers which are available to you and won't cause any conflicts anywhere. Shape-numbers from 64 to 94 or perfectly safe, as are shape numbers from 112 to 126. Sprite numbers greater than 126, or between 95 and 111 are not available at anytime.

In addition, the sprite shapes from 0 to 64 may be used, but this will cause garbage to be written to the disk buffers. There are two solutions to this problem. One is to make sure you always type EMPTY-BUFFERS after using the sprite words. The other way (and it's probably the easiest in the long run) is to lower the top of memory to hex $C000. (For information on how to do this, please see CONFIGURE.) Note that you may have to pair down the dictionary if you take this second route. In any case, I find it hardly likely you will need more than the 45 sprites already available to you - but if you do need the full 109 shapes, they are available to you for very little extra work.

Once you have your shape data safely installed in the dictionary, you are ready to go:

SETSHAPE ( addr shape# -- )
SETSHAPE takes the address of a sprite image, and a shape# and moves the sprite data to the proper area for the display of that sprite. Note that DRAW must have been executed at least once prior to using this word!

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
These words set the current sprite. Executing these words will determine which sprite is affected by other sprite words.

SPRITEON ( SHAPE# -- )
Takes a shape number from the stack, and sets the current sprite to that shape. It then turns on the sprite. Note that the sprite must be on screen to be seen.Example:

S1 65 SPRITEON ( set sprite1 to shape# 65, and turn it on.)

One way of using this word for effective animation effects is to use it to shift between sprite images for the same sprite:

: SWITCH  S1 40 0 DO 65 SPRITE ON 70 SPRITEON LOOP ;

(Note that the above example will probably go much to fast for effective animation. It's just an illustration.)

SPR-DCOLOR ( c1 c2 -- )
Takes two color codes from the stack, and sets the multi-color sprite color registers to these values. Note that all multi colored sprites will share these colors. Sprites not in multicolor mode are unaffected by this command.

SPRITECOLOR ( c -- )
Takes a color code from the stack, and sets the the current sprite to that color. Example:

S2 0 SPRITECOLOR ( set sprite 2 to black)

HIDESPRITE
Hides the current sprite. Example:
S1 HIDESPRITE ( hide sprite 1)

SHOWSPRITE
Shows the current sprite, if it is on screen. Example:
S1 SHOWSPRITE

SPRITEXY ( X Y -- )
Sets x y position of current sprite. Coordinate values are the same as for the turtle. Note that negative values are legal, and will cause the sprite to move offscreen at the left or bottom. Example:

S1 -1 100 SPRITEXY ( move the current sprite one pixel off of the screen.)

WIDE-SPRITE ( flag -- )
If flag is true, the current sprite will be made wider. Example:
S1 TRUE WIDE-SPRITE ( make sprite 1 wider)
S2 FALSE WIDE-SPRITE ( make sprite 2 narrow)

HIGH-SPRITE ( flag -- )
Same as wide-sprite, but makes the current sprite taller or shorter. Example:
S3 TRUE HIGH-SPRITE ( make sprite 3 taller)

SPRITECOVER ( flag -- )
If flag is true, the current sprite will cover the background. If flag is false, the current sprite will be transparent. Example:
S1 TRUE SPRITECOVER ( have sprite #1 cover its background.)

SPRITEBANG ( -- flag)
Leaves a true flag if the current sprite has banged into another sprite, and a false otherwise. Note that sprites can bang into each other even when off screen. Example:

: MOVEIT S1 319 0 DO I 150 SPRITEXY SPRITEBANG IF " BOOM! " I 150 G$ LEAVE THEN
LOOP ;

DATABANG ( -- flag)
Same as SPRITEBANG, but leaves true if the current sprite has banged into non-sprite data on the screen. Note that sprites can bang into data even when off screen.

For more information on defining sprites, as well as more details on multi-colored sprites, please see the programmers reference guide.
*fp0
*lk:blazin.doc6
*hd3:Blazin' Forth Documentation,Appendix,-#-
*cn1;1: Accessing CBM disk files.*cn0


Since Forth uses a virtual memory arrangement and the screen concept to manage the disk, I felt that providing words to access CBM disk files would be a waste of memory space. Blazin' Forth contains all the primitives necessary to write words to access CBM disk files, or other serial devices. This appendix describes how to do this from Forth, for users whose applications require such access.

(OPEN)  ( file# device# sa address-of-filename filename-length -- error code)
This word requires 5 parameters, as described above. This is the same as from BASIC, with the exception of the address of filename, and the length of the filename. The address can be any memory location which stores a legal filename. Using Blazin' Forths string handling words, an open statement would look like this:

8 8 8 " LETTERS,S,R" COUNT (OPEN)

Which opens a sequential file called "LETTERS" for a read, with logical file# 8, on device 8, with a secondary address of 8. Note that (OPEN) returns an error code, which is 0 (false) if everything was ok, and otherwise is one of the error codes as described in the Programmers Reference Guide. This error code may be processed by your program, ignored, or you may use the Blazin' Forth word IOERR. (see IOERR for more info on this.)

If you intend to use (OPEN) a lot, you will probably want to define a different version:

: OPEN   COUNT (OPEN) IOERR ;

With this new word, the OPEN statement becomes:

8 8 8 " LETTERS,S,R" OPEN

If you need to open a file to a device which doesn't require a filename, such as a printer or plotter, just use a zero as the filename and length:

4 4 0  0 0 (OPEN) IOERR

The above will open a channel to a printer connected as device #4.


CLOSE ( File# -- )
This will close an already open file. Example:
8 CLOSE  ( closes file# 8 )

To send or receive data from the device, you will need the following words:

(CMDOUT) ( File# -- errorcode)
This is an I/O redirection word. Executing this word will cause all system output to be directed to the logical file whose number is on the stack. All system output words: EMIT , SPACES , TYPE , ." .( etc. will direct data to this device. Note that you must have opened a channel to the file before using this word. The error code is suitable for being read by IOERR . Example:

8 (CMDOUT) IOERR  ( send all output to file# 8 )

(CMDIN)  ( File# -- errorcode)
Another I/O redirection word. Executing this word will cause all system input to be obtained from the file whose number is on the stack. All system input words, EXPECT KEY ?KEY etc. will recieve data from this file. Note that you must have previously opened a channel to the file before using this word. The error code is suitable for being read by IOERR. Example:

8 (CMDIN) IOERR  ( get all input from file# 8)

CMDOUT  ( -- )
Executing this word will restore the default input and output channels. All input will now come from the keyboard, and all output will be sent to the screen. Note that all files remain open.

IOERR ( errorcode -- )
This word will execute an error abort if the value on the top of the stack is non-zero. It will decode the error# and type the appropriate message. Note that if you do not want your application to halt on an error, you should not use this word.

Using the above words, it is a simple matter to send or receive data from a disk. For example:

: GET#   ( FILE# -- character )
   (CMDIN) IOERR ?KEY   CMDOFF ;

This defines a word which works exactly like GET# in BASIC. Note the use of CMDOFF at the end of the word to restore default devices. This is generally the best practice to follow, since the serial bus does not handle multiple channels being connected all that well.

The following word is an example of how to implement PRINT# in Forth:

: PRINT# ( address file# -- )
    (CMDOUT) IOERR COUNT TYPE ( send text at address to disk)
    CMDOFF ( restore default devices) ;

If you require more exotic file handling words, they are also easy to define. Just follow the examples given above. The following are also useful in handling disk serial bus access:

(?DISC) ( --- flag )

This word reads the disk error channel, leaving a true flag if a disk error has occurred. This is useful if you want your program to handle errors, since the higher level ?DISC will abort on an error. Note that the command channel must be opened before using this word. Example:

: RECEIVE   8 GET#  (?DISC) IF .DERR ABORT THEN ;

This word will print the disk error message, and halt execution if there is an error.
*fp0
.DERR ( -- )
Prints the disk error message stored in the error message buffer. Note that this is only valid after (?DISC) or (R/W).

STATUS ( -- status )
Pushes the serial bus status byte on the stack. Same as ST in BASIC.


*cn1;2: System DEFERed words.*cn0

The system contains several DEFERed words for your convenience. These allow changes to be made in the actual Forth system itself:

PRINTER  NOPRINTER
These words are described in the section on I/O.

PUNCT? ( char -- flag)
This word controls the characters accepted by NUMBER. In order to conform to the 83 standard, Blazin' Forth will only accept a period when entering double numbers. All other characters will result in an error. In order to change this behaviour, code a new word, which accepts the characters you wish, and then execute:

' NEW.PUNCT  IS  PUNCT?

Of course, NEW.PUNCT must accept the same inputs, and provide the same outputs, as the older version.

R/W  ( addr blk#  flag -- )
This word is the virtual memory interface primitive. It may be altered to add new disk handling operations to FORTH, such as a file system.


*cn1;3: Vocabulary Structure*cn0

Blazin' Forth uses the same tree structured vocabulary linkages as FIG forth. Some of the newer dynamic vocabulary structures were examined, but found unsatisfactory. Most people seem to prefer FIG to forth-79, but all reports are not in as far as the newer efforts are concerned. Comments on these newer vocabulary structures are welcomed.

In Blazin' Forth, a new vocabulary is chained to the vocabulary within which it is created. For example:

FORTH DEFINITIONS  ( Put all definitions in FORTH vocabulary)
VOCABULARY  CARTON  ( chain CARTON to FORTH )
CARTON DEFINITIONS  ( Put all definitions in CARTON vocabulary)
VOCABULARY EGGS     ( Chain EGGS to CARTON, which chains to FORTH )

FORTH DEFINITIONS   ( restore Forth )
*fp0
*cn1;4: Misc. Information*cn0

You may change the screen color defaults of Blazin' Forth to ones more suitable to your monitor or tv. Example:

0   0 +ORIGIN  C!  ( border color)
4   1 +ORIGIN  C!  ( Screen color)
6   2 +ORIGIN  C!  ( character color)

Once this is done, RESTART, or RUN/STOP RESTORE will default to the new colors, as will NODRAW etc. Once you find an acceptable combination, you can save the system using SAVE-FORTH. Note that some early model 64's have a screen editing bug which appears when trying to delete across a screen boundary. The words LOAD RUN will appear, and although the cursor will continue to flash, the computer will not respond to any input. The only solution, (aside from obtaining a ROM upgrade from CBM) is to select a color with a low number, such as 0 or 1. Note that if this problem occurs, it is NOT a Blazin' Forth bug.

You may desire to convert the present editor to a fullscreen editor. This is easily accomplished. Probably the easiest way is to define 16 words, for example, 0: 1: 2: etc., or P1 P2 or whatever you like. These words should accept 64 characters from the input stream, and then move them to the appropriate postion in the buffer for that screen. (In other words, they combine the functions of T , in selecting the line, and P in placing the line in the buffer.) You can then modify LIST so that instead of line numbers, it lists out with your words 0: 1: 2: or whatever you used. Once this has been done, you may use the resident features of the 64's screen editor to their full extent. I didn't provide such an editor with the system since it was desired to make this system as compatible with the book Starting Forth as possible. 

You may define additional USER variables. User offsets from 58 to 198 are available to you for new user variables. Offsets less than 58 are used by the system. Blazin' Forth will initialize the entire user area to zero's on a RESTART or on POWERUP. Note that this is not a Standard Feature.

The system is configured for use with one 4040 compatible dual drive. Single drives are usable with Blazin' Forth, but the highest screen accessable is 166. Note that it is be possible to interface additional drives, or non-standard drives to Blazin' Forth by vectoring R/W. (see: DEFERed words.) Note that users of single disk drives will not receive an ILLEGAL SCREEN error if they attempt to access screens greater than 166. (R/W) may bepatched, or modified to do this if so desired. (See: Defered words)

Membership in the Forth Interest Group (FIG) is encouraged. They provide a magazine, FORTH DIMENSIONS, which presents a variaty of interesting articles and applications. They also supply books, reprints, and sponsor Forth seminars. Of particular interest to those using Blazin' Forth is that they supply copies of the FORTH-83 standard ( $15.00 at this writing). Membership at this writing is $15.00 per year, which includes a free subscription to Forth Dimensions, and may obtained by writing to:

The Forth Interest Group
P.O. Box 8231
San Jose
CA 95155
USA

The Forth Standards Team is responsible for the development of new Forth standards. The welcome comments and proposals. The may reached at:

Forth Standards Team
P.O. BOX 4545
Mountain View
CA 94040
USA
*lm10:rm70
*hd3:,Start Blazin' Forth,page -#-
*ln2
*cn1;FORWARD*cn0
*ln2
     By far the most read (and best) instructional book on Forth is STARTING FORTH, by Leo Brodie. It is very clear, amusing, and covers the territory. Unfortunately, since Starting Forth was written, Forth itself has undergone considerable evolution, so not everything in Starting Forth is applicable today. Additionally, Starting Forth is based on a particular dialect of Forth (POLY-FORTH), which is a Forth implementation by Forth Inc., the company Mr. Brodie worked for when he wrote his excellent book. As a result, even for the time it was written, certain passages and examples would not work on anything but a Forth Inc. system. ( .S is a classic example of this, but there are others. )
     Blazin' Forth is written to support the Forth-83 standard. This is the most recent available standard, and the one which in my opinion, and from all I can tell, the opinion of most other Forth users, the most significant standard so far. As a result, it is not completely compatible with Starting Forth. ( Mr. Brodies latest book THINKING FORTH , uses Forth-83, by the way.)
     Perhaps surprisingly, most of the examples Brodie gives work without a single change in Blazin' Forth. This document is intended to help you when the examples don't work as described, speeding up the learning process, easing the pain, and generally helping to prevent you from damaging yourself or your computer through frustation. Differences between the earlier Forth's and the present standard are described, and alternate definitions are provided.
     Not all the comments are about differences - there are many more words in Blazin' Forth than are included in the Standard. I couldn't resist telling you about a few of them.
     Good luck! And may the Forth be with you.
*ln2
                         SDB
                         NY NY 1985
*fp0
*cn1;Chapter 1*cn0

Page 11

The definition STAR will work as supplied. Blazin' Forth contains a word called ASCII that can make words like STAR more readable (and save you a lot of time looking up characters in ASCII tables). Using ASCII , the definition of STAR would be:

   : STAR    ASCII *  EMIT ;

Try it - you'll like it.

By the way, if you change the definition of MARGIN on the next page to

   : MARGIN   CR  15 SPACES ;

your letter will look a little better on the screen.
*ln2
The Dictionary   Page-16
*ln2
Blazin' Forth normally allows 31 characters to be saved in a definitions name. (This is the number specified by the 83 standard.) However, should you prefer fewer characters to be saved, you can do this by changing the value of the variable WIDTH . For example, to have Blazin' Forth save only three characters of your definitions names, type 3 WIDTH !
*ln2
Say-What?
*ln2
  Regarding the second foot-note on page-18. The Forth-83 ." will not execute outside of a colon definition. Forth-83 provides the word .( for the occasions when you need to display strings outside of colon definitions. Use it like this:

   .( PRINT ME )
*ln2
*cn1;Chapter-2*cn0
*ln2
The handy hint on page-50 is a little notorious. I have, personally, never seen a system on which this definition would work. .S is never the less a very handy word, and Blazin' Forth contains it, already compiled into the system. Note that the extra 0 won't be there - you see only what's on the stack, or you get a message "STACK EMPTY", if nothing is on the stack.
*ln2
*cn1;Chapter-3*cn0
*ln2
    Blazin' Forth's editor is a "Starting-Forth-Clone". You will be able to follow this chapter pretty much as it stands. One very important point - you must issue the command MOUNT , to initialize the virtual memory system, before using any words that access the disk - like LIST , for example. Just remember to type MOUNT , and you will be OK . (You only have to give this command once - at the start of your editing session, unless you change disks, issue the command RESTART, or inadvertantly cause a disk error.)
    Some general points: Brodie likes to keep his screen numbers high - in the 100's or 200's . Note that if you have a dual drive, such as a 4040 or MSD , you will have no problem with these high screen numbers ( of course, you will have to have a disk in drive 1!). However, if you are using the system with a single disk drive, such as a 1541, then the highest screen that can be accessed from that drive is 165 . Just keep all your screen numbers below this value, and you will be OK .
     The WIPE command is very important, never edit a new screen without using this command first! It's so important, that Blazin Forth contains the word W , which is just a short way to perform a WIPE . Works just the same.
     Finally, due to the characteristics of the 64's operating system, trailing blanks are suppressed, and not passed to the editor. This means, for example, that Brodies example of blanking a line:

   P bb <return>

won't work. Trailing blanks must be followed by an ^ character in order to be received by the editor. For example:

  P bb^ ( blanks current line )
  U bb^ ( blanks line under current line)

That's enough for now - check back here when you get to FLUSH.

In Forth-83, FLUSH and SAVE-BUFFERS are not quite the same. Both save any updated blocks to the disk, but FLUSH will "hose down" the buffers - if you want to access the same blocks again, Forth will have to re-read them. SAVE-BUFFERS will leave all the blocks current - Forth won't have to re-read them if you need to access them again. Also, Blazin' Forth contains an additional comment word, // , which can be used to include 1 line comments in source screens.
*ln2
Getting Loaded    Page-81
*ln2
The suggestion here is not really very good. If the source for your text takes up more than one block, the best solution is not to use many load commands, as Brodie suggests, but to use THRU .
     THRU takes two numbers on the stack. The first number is the first screen to load, and the second number is the last screen to load. THRU will then load these two screens, and all screens in between.
     So, instead of putting 180 LOAD   181 LOAD  182 LOAD on your load screen, use:

180 182  THRU

instead. It's really much better.
*ln3
*cn1;Chapter 4*cn0
*ln3
A Closer Look at IF . Page-95

  One of the big differences between the 83 standard and earlier Forths is that Forth-83 returns a negative 1 ( -1 ) instead of 1 when the result of a test like 0= or 0< is true. So Brodies examples will look like this:

5 4 > . -1  OK
5 4 < . 0   OK

NOT works differently too. In earlier Forths, it was really just another name for 0= . But in Forth-83, it returns the ones-compliment of the number on the top of the stack. Notice that the '83 NOT still reverses the value of the '83 flags:*ln2
-1 NOT . 0 OK
0 NOT . -1 OK
*ln2
But NOT won't change any non-zero value to false ( 0 ) like the older NOT would:*ln2
1 NOT . -2  OK
*ln2
And, of course, FORTH will still regard -2 as being TRUE , since it isn't zero.

So when upgrading programs, or reading books that talk about earlier Forth systems, keep this in mind. On the other hand, if you're not quite sure what all this means, and want to play it safe, just replace every pre-83 NOT with 0= , and you'll be OK .
*ln2
A Little Logic    Page-97
*ln2
To upgrade these examples to FORTH-83, just replace every occurance of 1 with -1 , and you'll have a Forth-83 example. While we are on the subject, Blazin' Forth contains the two flags pre-compiled as constants. TRUE leaves a true value (-1) on the top of the stack, and FALSE leaves a false value ( 0 ). You'll appreciate this more when you learn about constants later in the book.
*ln2
Two Words with built in IFs  Page 102
*ln2
Just a note - if you do want to add stack checking to your application, all you need to add in Blazin' Forth is the word ?STACK . The ABORT" isn't needed, since ?STACK itself contains the necessary ABORT" .
*ln2
Problems   Page-104
*ln2
Problem 5
Actually, in Forth-83, 0 STARS won't print just one star, but 65,535 stars. Brodies answer ( or the one you cook up for yourself) should fix this problem, but there are better ways. More on this when we get to the chapter on LOOPs. Incidentally, if you tried 0 STARS before reading this note, you can get control of things by hitting RUN/STOP RESTORE , just like in BASIC .
*ln2
Chapter-5

The Return Stack

Page-110

The definitions for I , I' and J are not correct for Forth-83. I' does not exist, and I and J are both defined differently. Don't worry, they still do what they are supposed to (which is return the current index value of a loop), it's just that they don't do what Brodie says they would. Just wait till chapter 6 for more information on these two words.

The correct word to copy the top of the return stack is R@ in Forth-83. (i.e. R@ does what Brodie says I should do.)

Page-111

The phrase >R SWAP I would be >R SWAP R@  in Forth - 83. Both phrases will crash the system

Page-112

The definition of QUADRATIC should be:

   : QUADRATIC ( A B C X -- N )
         >R SWAP ROT R@ * + R> * + ;

In other words, R@ should be used instead of I . See the note above for an explanation.

Page-119

The footnote on this page contains a typo in my copy. The correct definition is:*ln2
     : R%   50 */  1+  2/ ;
*ln2
Problems

Problem 1

In the answer to this problem, Brodie means NEGATE , not MINUS .

You might also notice that Blazin' Forth does not return a -17 like Brodie says it should. This is due to the 83-standards use of floored division. In floored division, numbers are always truncated to the next lower value. To get the same result as Brodie in 83-Forth systems, use ABS and then NEGATE.
*ln2
*cn1;Chapter 6*cn0
*ln2
Forth-83 uses a new loop structure which is very fast, but differs in a few points from the older loops used in older Forths. Sorry about this, but there will be a little more information here than previously.
*ln2
Page-130
*ln2
Earlier (in the notes to chapter 5) we said that "I" works differently in '83 Forths. Well, originally, "I" was meant to be used as it is here, to access the loop index. Since in those days, the loop index was stored on the top of the return stack, you could also use "I" to copy that value, even if you weren't in a loop, which was not a purpose for which it was originally intended. So that's the difference, I now only returns the loop index, while R@ copies the top of the return stack to the parameter stack. (For the curious: In Blazin' Forth, I returns the sum of the top two return stack items. It may seem strange, but it works just fine!)

The terminating condition for loops is also different than in earlier Forths. Don't be fooled by the fact that most of the examples in this chapter work the same - the exit condition for the loops are different, and if you ignore this fact, you are going to get bit by it.

In '83 loops, the loop is finished when the Index crosses the boundary between the LIMIT and LIMIT - 1 . A couple of examples:

If the Index is 0 , and the LIMIT is 10 , then the loop will terminate when the Index is incremented from 9 to 10 (crosses the boundary).

If the Index is 0 , and the Limit is -10 , then the loop will terminate when the index is incremented from -11 to -10 or decremented from -10 to -11 . This means, if you are using a DO..LOOP, that your loop will take the long way around...0 1 2 3 4 ...32767 -32768 .....-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 . If you are using +LOOP with a negative step value, then your loop will look like this: 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 (boundary crossed, and looped terminated).
*ln2
One odd side effect of this new loop structure is that anytime the limit and the index are equal, the loop will execute 65,535 times. So, for example, the word STARS :

: STARS   0 DO ASCII * EMIT LOOP ;

If used like this:

  0 STARS

will EMIT an awful lot of stars. Blazin' Forth contains a word to handle cases like this - ?DO . ?DO acts just like DO , except when the loop arguments are equal. If the arguments are equal, then the loop won't be entered at all - FORTH will jump to the word following LOOP or +LOOP . In addition to keeping out nasty surprises (like 0 STAR) ?DO can also shorten and speed up your code. For example, we often find we don't want to perform a loop when the LIMIT is zero (as in STARS , above.) The traditional way to do this is:

: STARS   ?DUP IF 0 DO ASCII * EMIT LOOP THEN ;

But you can now do it this way:

: STARS   0 ?DO IF ASCII * EMIT LOOP ;

You can think of ?DO as having a built in IF .
*fp0
Page 135

The definition given by Brodie:

: TEST 100 10 DO I . -1 +LOOP ;

will execute quite a few more times than one (in '83 Forth). Remember, '83 loops stop when the boundary is crossed between the LIMIT and LIMIT-1 . This crossing can be in either direction, either down ( 101 100 (crossed to 99, so exit) ) or up ( 98 99 (crossed to 100, so exit)) . Since TEST counts down, it will proceed all the way around the number circle, starting with 10, and then going negative, until it eventually goes 101 100 (as in our first example, above). Just though I would mention this.
*ln2
Page-140 LEAVE
*ln2
In '83 Forth, LEAVE leaves immediately, not at the next execution of LOOP or +LOOP. Brodies examples will work the same for both '83 and earlier Forths, but problems can arise if you aren't aware of the difference. For example:
*ln2
: FOO   0 DO   I DUP 100 = IF LEAVE THEN . LOOP ;

FOO is a word that will exit when the loop counter reaches 100 . Notice, however, that the actual behaviour of FOO will differ between '83 and earlier standards. In earlier Forths, FOO's execution would be this:

When the Counter reaches 100, LEAVE will set the index equal to the limit.

" . " will be executed, printing 100 on the terminal screen, and leaving the stack empty.

LOOP will execute, and discover its time to stop (since LEAVE changed the INDEX).

In '83 Forth, this is what happens.

When the Counter reaches 100, LEAVE will jump to the word past LOOP , which in this case is the end of the definition. 100 will not be printed, but left on the stack. Quite different behaviours result, as you can see. Just remember that the 83 LEAVE leaps , and you'll be OK .

By the way, Blazin' Forth has a handy word ?LEAVE . ?LEAVE will cause an exit from the loop if the flag on top of the stack is true, otherwise, the loop continues undisturbed. This can shorten your code quite a bit. Here's an example:

: BAR   0 DO I 100 = IF LEAVE THEN LOOP ;

This word just leaves when the index reaches 100. Using ?LEAVE would make things a little nicer:

: BAR   0 DO I 100 = ?LEAVE LOOP ;

Works just the same. Just remember that you have to leave a flag on the stack for ?LEAVE to eat.
*ln2
*cn1;Chapter 7*cn0
*ln2
Section II

Page 161

The Forth-83 word for U* is UM* . It works the same as U* , but has been renamed.

The Forth-83 word for U/MOD is UM/MOD . It works the same.
*ln2
/LOOP is not included. It is no longer necessary in '83 systems. (For the curious: /LOOP was essentially a kludge to fix a problem with the older loops. Just use +LOOP instead.)
*ln2
Page 164
*ln2
'83 systems will only accept the period as punctuation in numbers. However, in Blazin' Forth, you may change this. Here are the steps to follow to get Blazin' Forth to accept the same characters those given by Brodie:

First, type in and LOAD the following definition:

: NEW-PUNCT   ( CHAR -- FLAG)
     ASCII : OVER = SWAP
     ASCII + ASCII 0 >R OVER < SWAP R> < AND OR ;

Then, once your NEW-PUNCT has been loaded, type the following:

' NEW-PUNCT IS PUNCT?

Type the above carefully, or you could cause problems (don't forget the ' ). Blazin' Forth will now accept numbers as described in this section. If you prefer this new version, you may save the system with the word SAVE-FORTH. If you want to change back to the oolder version, do the following:

' (PUNCT?) IS PUNCT?
*ln2
Number Formatting -- Double Length Unsigned.

Pages 167-168

All of the definitions in this section will work as described, but they would be so much more readable using ASCII . Here are some examples:

: .PH#   <#  # # # # ASCII - HOLD  #S  #> TYPE SPACE ;

: .DATE  <#  # # ASCII / HOLD # # ASCII / HOLD  #S  #> TYPE SPACE ;

: :00   #  SEXTAL # DECIMAL ASCII : HOLD ;
*ln2
Page 171

The definition that Brodie gives for .$ won't work in 83-forth. SIGN works on the value on the top of the stack. A definition that will work in 83-Forth is:

: .$   SWAP OVER DABS
       <# # # ASCII . HOLD #S ROT ( to bring signed number to top)
       ASCII $ HOLD SIGN #> TYPE SPACE ;
You might also noticw that the positions of the $ and SIGN have been switched. I prefer my negative dollars to have their signs in front of the $ sign. That's the only reason for this change.
*ln2
Page 174

The warning to experimenters is not true in Blazin' Forth. You can include punctuated, double-precision numbers inside of colon definitions, and they will work just fine. (I have never understood this restriction.) Note that other systems may not allow this.
*ln2
Page 175

The definition for R% on this page is simply wrong. It should be, instead:

: R%   10 M*/ 5 M+ 10 M/ S>D ROT DROP ;

Which gives $148.15 as an answer.

*fp0
*cn1;Chapter 8*cn0
*ln2
Page 194

See the note above (page 174). You do not need to use 2CONSTANT to include double numbers in Blazin' Forth. You may wish to do so as a matter of style, but it is not forced on you.
*ln2
*cn1;Chapter 9*cn0
*ln2
Brodies example:

110 ' LIMIT !

won't work with the '83 tick. Use

110 ' LIMIT >BODY !

instead. By the way, LIMIT is an important system constant in Blazin' Forth, and I don't recommend that you try this example on it.
*ln2
Vectored Execution:
*ln2
Page 218

The behaviour of ' and ['] in '83 Forth is exactly that described here. Ignore the footnote on '79s tick. You might also wish to look at the documentation for DEFER IS , which are very handy words for handling Vectored Execution.
*ln2
The Structure of a Dictionary Entry.
*ln2
Page 220

The structure of a dictionary entry for Blazin' Forth than described here. (Note: The '83 standard regards this as a system dependency, and does not specify any particular form of dictionary structure. Other systems may, and probably do, differ.)

In Blazin' Forth, the structure is:

     LINK FIELD
     NAME FIELD
     CODE POINTER FIELD
     PARAMETER FIELD

There is also an optional field, called the VIEW or LOCATE field. This field is used by LOCATE, and is added or not at the option of the user. With the view field included, the structure looks like this:

     VIEW FIELD
     NAME FIELD
     CODE POINTER FIELD
     PARAMETER FIELD

Compiling without the VIEW FIELD results in more compact (but not faster running) definitions, but note that LOCATE will not operate on any definition without a VIEW FIELD. To prevent the view field from being compiled:

VIEW OFF

To re-enable the compilation of the VIEW FIELD:

2 VIEW !
*ln2
Parameter Field
*ln2
Page 223

The address returned by tick and expected by EXECUTE is not the parameter field address, but the CODE FIELD address. If you want the parameter field address, you may convert the address returned by tick (the code field address) to the parameter field address using the '83 standard word >BODY . For an illustration of its use, see the example using LIMIT , given earlier.
*fp0
*lk:starting2
*lm10:rm70
*hd3:Start Blazin' Forth,page -#-
Forth Geography

Page 231

Not surprisingly, the memory maps of Forth systems tend to differ. Here is the one for Blazin' Forth:

LOW MEMORY **********************
           *  PARAMETER STACK   *
           **********************
           *   TERMINAL INPUT   *
           *       BUFFER       *
           **********************
           *   RETURN STACK     *
           **********************
           *    ERROR MESSAGE   *
           *        BUFFER      *
           **********************
           *   OPERATING SYSTEM *
           *      VARIABLES     *
           **********************
           *   USER VARIABLES   *
           **********************
           *   SCREEN MEMORY    *
           **********************
           *    PRE-COMPILED    *
           *       FORTH        *
           **********************
           *    PRE-COMPILED    *
           *     ELECTIVES      *
           **********************
           *    USER DICTIONARY *
           **********************
           *         PAD        *
           **********************
           *    BUFFER CONTROL  *
           *        QUEUE       *
           **********************
           *    BLOCK BUFFERS   *
           *        (4)         *
           *         or         *
           *    SPRITE IMAGES   *
           **********************
           *  MEMORY MAPPED IO  *
HIGH MEMORY*  AND KERNAL OS     *
           *        or          *
           * HIRES COLOR MEMORY *
           * HIRES SCREEN       *
           * SPRITE IMAGES      *
           **********************
*fp0
User Dictionary


Page 233

The arrangement described here works the same in Blazin' Forth. The only difference is that the variable H , used by Brodie, is called DP in Blazin' Forth. (Stands for Dictionary Pointer.)


Parameter Stack


Page 235-236

'S is SP@ in '83 Forth. Just substitute SP@ for 'S in the examples given, and they will work just fine. In reference to the example showing how to copy the fifth element down, you might want to consult the system documentation for the words PICK and ROLL. (These are '83 standard words.)

S0 is SP0 in Blazin' Forth. Note that this is NOT a '83 standard word. There is also a word SP! , which copies the value stored in SP0 to the stack pointer. This effectively empties the return stack.


Input Message Buffer

Page 236

The modern name for this memory region is Terminal Input Buffer. SP0 does not reference this area. Instead, use the system constant TIB . TIB leaves the starting address of the terminal input buffer on the top of the stack.


*cn1;Chapter 10*cn0


page 255-256

Forth-83 makes a distinction between FLUSH and SAVE-BUFFERS. Both words force all updated buffers to be written to the disk. The difference is that after executing FLUSH , the buffers will be emptied (FLUSH-ed , get it?). But after SAVE-BUFFERS, the blocks will still be in memory, although they will no longer be marked as UPDATEed, since they have been written to disk.

Output Operators

Page 258

Instead of S0 (SP0 in Blazin' Forth) use TIB :

TIB 12 TYPE

Note that a word like S0 or SP0 is very system dependent, but since TIB is a '83 standard word, it can always be used to access the terminal input buffer.

Page 259

To use TEST in the way Brodie describes, it is important to remember that the '83 tick returns the code field address, and not the address of the paramter field. Just remember to use >BODY to do stuff like this, and you'll be fine. I.E.:             
   ' TEST  >BODY 3 + 7 TYPE

where
   ' TEST
gives the CFA (compilation address) of TEST
   >BODY
converts this address to the PFA (address of parameter field), and the rest works as described by Brodie.

Note that the same remark applies to the definition of LABEL . In '83 Forth, LABEL would be:

: LABEL  8 * ['] "LABEL" >BODY 3 +  + 8 TYPE SPACE ;

Note the addition of >BODY to convert the compilation address (CFA) to the address of the parameter field.


Internal String Operators


Page 266

MOVE is not part of the '83 standard. It is included in the Uncontrolled Reference Word set, and in Blazin' Forth, but its definition is different from that given by Brodie. Essentially, MOVE is just a smart CMOVE. It examines the addresses, and then picks CMOVE or CMOVE> as appropriate. This prevents accidentally overwriting data, and is in general one less worry for the hacker.

<CMOVE has been renamed CMOVE> in '83. (The idea is to emphasize function, instead of how its done. CMOVE> is usually used to slide strings towards high memory, as Brodie explains. That's why the upward pointing bracket.)
*fp0
Single-Character Input


Page 268

Following is from the Forth-83 standard:

"...characters received by KEY will not be displayed." Other than this, KEY behaves as described. To duplicate the behaviour of the KEY described by Brodie use the phrase:

  KEY DUP EMIT

You might also examine the systems ?KEY routine, which works like KEY , but doesn't wait for the user to type a key.

Page 270

'83 systems return the ASCII code for every key pressed, including the return key. So the definition of BLOCKS in '83 Forth is:

 : BLOCKS   ( count --- )
      SCR @ + SCR @ DO  I LIST
          KEY 13 = ( CR) IF LEAVE THEN LOOP ;

You can also use Blazin' Forths ?LEAVE :

 : BLOCKS   ( count --- )
      SCR @ + SCR @ DO  I LIST
          KEY 13 = ( CR) ?LEAVE  LOOP ;


String Input Commands, from the Bottom up

page 270
The definition for text is almost the same as Blazin' Forths TEXT. Blazin' Forth's TEXT follows the recommendation of the '83 standard team, and stores the count in the first byte of the string, as does WORD. Otherwise, works the same as described.

Page 271

The example

S0 @ 80 EXPECT

would be

TIB 80 EXPECT

in Forth-83 systems.

Note also that the '83 EXPECT does not store a null at the end of the string. This is one of the major improvements of the '83 standard. '83 standard systems use a count, instead of a delimiter, to determine the end of the input stream. '83 EXPECT stores the count of the characters received in the variable SPAN . More on this later.

Page 275

As you might discover, the FORM LOVE LETTER does not work as described. Certain names will tend to change the text colors, or do other odd things to the display. For example, using:

VITALS  BJ,BLUE,FRED

the program will appear to work just fine. But using

VITALS  VIOLA,BLUE,FRED

will cause a problem - the text will change white when printing the word VIOLA. Clearly, VIOLA causes a problem, while BJ does not. Why is this?

It has to do with the fact that '83 TEXT stores a count byte in the first byte of PAD. So when you execute the phrase

NAME 14 -TRAILING TYPE

You are TYPEing extra characters. In the case of BJ, you will be typing a ASCII 2, an ASCII B and an ASCII J. On the CBM-64, ASCII 2 is a do-nothing character - doesn't do anything at all. So the program appears to work fine. On the other hand, when NAME contains VIOLA (or any other 5 character name), you will be TYPING an ASCII 5, which is the character to EMIT if you want to change the character color to white.

There are two solutions to this problem. One is to change the definition of VITALS to the following:

: VITALS  // modification 1
          ASCII , TEXT ( 44)  PAD 1+ NAME 14 MOVE
          ASCII , TEXT        PAD 1+ EYES 12 MOVE
                1 TEXT        PAD 1+  ME  14 MOVE ;

Which will prevent the count (stored at PAD) from being moved to the variable. However, there is a better solution all together. The solution is to use COUNT. Count takes an address on the stack, and returns the address of the start of the string, and the count byte in the order needed by TYPE. In this version, VITALS remains unchanged (i.e. Just as Brodie gives it in his book), but you will have to replace every occurrence of

<number> -TRAILING TYPE

with the shorter (and faster) phrase

COUNT TYPE

Here is how the beginning of LETTER will look with this second version:

: LETTER     PAGE // modification 2
      ." DEAR " NAME COUNT TYPE ." ,"
   CR ." I GO TO HEAVEN WHENEVER I SEE YOUR DEEP "
                      EYES COUNT TYPE ."  EYES.  CAN "

and so on. If you try this version, you will notice that it runs much faster, and also occupies less space in the dictionary.
*ln2
Page 276

The version of GREET given here doesn't work because of a rather subtle problem. Remember that '83 Forth uses a count, and not a delimiter to determine the length of the input stream. So in order to get this definition of GREET to work, in '83 Forth, you must do the following:

: GREET83  CR ." WHAT'S YOUR NAME? " TIB 40 EXPECT
               SPAN @ #TIB ! 0 >IN ! 1 TEXT CR ." HELLO, "
               PAD COUNT TYPE ." , I SPEAK FORTH. " ;

All of the changes to this definition have been discussed previously, with the exception of the phrase

SPAN @ #TIB !

Since '83 Forth doesn't use a delimiter, but a count which determines the size of the input stream, in addition to reseting the input stream back to the beginning of the TIB with 0 >IN ! , you must also tell Forth how long the current stream is. #TIB controls the length of the input stream when you are not interpreting from disk. SPAN is a variable which is set by EXPECT , and which always contains the number of characters actually received by EXPECT . So by storing the value of SPAN in #TIB , we have told Forth that the input stream is as long as the name the user typed.

Number Input Conversions

Page 277

PLUS will not work as shown, since the version of NUMBER used in Blazin' Forth follows the recommendations of the '83 Standard, and always returns a double number. Use this version of plus on '83 systems:

: PLUS   BL WORD  NUMBER DROP + ." =" . ;

This just drops the high cell of the double number, which will be zero, if you are entering single length numbers. The word BL in the above definition is a system constant that returns the value for an ASCII blank (32). Generally, it's better to use constants like this when you have them, since they result in memory savings. I just threw it in as an excuse to tell you this.

Page 278

Footnote: See the system documentation for NUMBER PUNCT? and DPL ( which is equivalent to Brodies PTR ). See also the example in this document, under Chapter 7, which explains how to alter the behaviour of NUMBER .


Page 282

Blazin' Forths -TEXT returns TRUE if there is a match, unlike the one Brodie uses, which returns false if there is a match. You will need to keep this in mind if you want to get the file system example in the appendix to work.


*cn1;Chapter 11*cn0


Page 304
Because of the compiler security, the second definition for LIMIT won't work in Blazin' Forth. In many peoples view, this is kind of dubious practice, but if you want to use it, here's how to trick the security:

HERE 10 ALLOT
: LIMIT   2* LITERAL + [ HERE ] ; DROP

This keeps the stack position the same. Another way to do the same thing is:

: LIMIT   2* LIMIT + [ SP@ !CSP ] ;


Page 306

Handy Hint. Blazin' Forth will remain in compile mode until a ; is encountered, or a fatal error occurs. A message like <name> ALREADY EXISTS is not a fatal error. In fact, you can tell the system not to tell you about these errors at all, by typing:

WARNING OFF

To reactivate these non-fatal messages, type

WARNING ON


 TEXT EDITOR VERSION 2.9

 Creating a document

 To start the text editor, just LOAD and RUN as you would any basic pogram.
 Although this editor is written in machine language, it starts up with the
 aid of a basic starting shell for ease of operation and copying.

 Text memory will be cleared automatically, and your margins will be preset to
 5 left, 75 right and 55 lines per page.

 You can also manually clear the text buffer by selecting 1 (from the editor's
 menu) and pressing RETURN. You will be asked to confirm the command (just a
 safety precaution for those like myself who sometimes forget to save things
 before erasing them).

 If you wish to set up the margins and page length, use selection 2. Default
 values are: left margin 5, right 75, lines per page, 55. The current value
 will be displayed under the cursor, giving you a chance to either modify the
 value or leave it intact (just pressing RETURN will use the current value).

 Now enter the edit mode with selection 3 (default menu selection). If you
 ever get a ?FORMAT ERROR message, it will probably be because the text buffer
 needs to be initialized or the margins were set to illegal values (left > 77
 or too close to right or right > 80).


 NOTE: You can return to the menu at any time by pressing the STOP key. Also,
 pressing CTRL H (while in edit mode) will return a help screen to assist
 those who don't like to memorize control and function keys.


 The screen will clear and (if you used the default margin values) you will
 see bars at the left and right sides of your screen. These are the margin
 markers, and at the bottom of the screen will be a status line. You will not
 be able to type into the margin markers, as they are there to help you format
 your text and let you know where your lines start and end. All screen lines
 will be combined in pairs as 80 column lines, which will leave you with 12
 lines on the screen at a time. You can identify which page, line and column
 the cursor is on by reading the status line at the bottom of the screen. The
 status line also tells you which mode you are in (40 or 80 column). Default
 mode is 80 column. 40 column mode can be invoked with CTRL X, for those who
 prefer to work with 40 column text (best for creating source code files or
 creating messages in 40 column format (non-standard text files).

 Type a line of text. At the end of the line, press RETURN to get to the next
 line, or just keep on typing. Words will not be broken at the right margin
 marker, because of the editor's automatic PARSING feature. If the last letter
 on a line is not a space, the editor will move the entire word to the next
 line for you. There are some safety features built into this routine, too. If
 there is text on the next line, parsing will not take place. This allows you
 to edit a previous line without accidentally dumping text on the next one.
 Also, parsing will not operate on words longer than 10 characters. That was
 done to allow the use of long strings of dashes for borders, etc. Parsing is
 there to allow you to type without having to watch the screen. Be wary of
 shifted spaces...the editor treats them as characters (not spaces), and they
 can cause unexpected results, especially if they are on the next line...the
 editor will not parse, thinking there is text there. This can be used to
 FORCE a word to stay on the previous line, should you want it to.

 CURSOR KEYS

 Cursor right and left work as you would expect them to. Cursor up and down
 are a bit different. They move the cursor 2 screen lines at a time (which is
 really ONE 80 column line). The insert and delete keys will work as expected,
 but only on the current line. When holding the delete key down, the cursor
 will make it's way only as far as the left margin. If you want to delete part
 of the previous line, move the cursor there with a cursor left, and then
 continue deleting. The insert key will push all text from the cursor position
 on towards the right margin. Text pushed into the right margin cannot be
 recovered. The home key works normally, but screen clear is not supported.

 SCROLLING THE SCREEN AND THE TEXT BUFFER

 Attempting to move the cursor past the bottom of the screen will cause the
 screen to scroll forward. Reverse scrolling will happen at the top of the
 screen. When you move the cursor to the end of available memory, forward
 movement will stop. The same is true for reverse movement at the screen's
 top.

 THE CTRL KEYS

 CTRL D will delete the current line and draw all forward lines in to close
 the gap. CTRL I will open up a blank line, pushing all lines forward from the
 current line on. Holding CTRL d or CTRL i will allow you to quickly delete or
 insert large portions of text. Even faster inserts and deletes are possible
 with the next set of keys (BLOCK CTRL KEYS).

 THE BLOCK CTRL KEYS

 These keys call routines which operate on a BLOCK of text (a block being one
 or more full lines of text). The first time a BLOCK CTRL key is pressed, the
 start of the block is defined and stored (it will be the line the cursor is
 on), and the cursor fast-flashes to let you know you have invoked a BLOCK
 function. The second time you press the BLOCK CTRL key, you should have
 already moved the cursor to the line you wish to designate as the last line
 in the block. That line will be defined as the end of the block, and the
 function will then be executed.


 NOTE: If you accidentally invoke a block function (the cursor will fast-flash
 when one is started), you can cancel it by pressing the STOP key. This will
 take you to the menu (where all editing functions are cancelled), and from
 there you can return to edit mode by pressing RETURN (selection 3 will be
 under the cursor).

 CTRL A (align a block)

 This command will "repack" a block of text between the margin markers. I
 frequently use it to convert 40-column text captured by my terminal's buffer
 to 80 columns for printing. Blank lines are preserved, but all extra spaces
 between words are eliminated (repacks with one space between words). If extra
 spaces between words are desired, use shifted spaces (they're treated like a
 character by the alignment routine). Here's an alignment demo:


 This is the first line.
 This is the second line.
 This is the third line.


 Now here are the same 3 lines repacked with CTRL A:


 This is the first line. This is the second line. This is the third line.


 Here's the set of lines repacked to be an indented block of text:


               This is the first line.
               This is the second line.
               This is the third line.

 The first repack was done by pressing CTRL A with the cursor on the first
 line. Then, CTRL A on the last line. The block gets copied and repacked in a
 buffer, the original block removed, and the new "repacked" block inserted in
 it's place. The block buffer retains a copy of the last block buffered.

 The second repack was done with the margins reset to 15 left and 40 right. If
 you try this last one yourself, you will notice that the margin markers will
 cover up some of the text when you reenter edit mode (normal). Just go ahead
 and define the block with CTRL A's. Then reset the margins after the repack.

 CTRL C (copy a block)

 This function copies a block of text into the block buffer.

 CTRL M (merge or insert a block)

 Inserts the text from the block buffer into the document at the cursor line.
 Text from the cursor line on is moved forward in the document to make room
 for the merger.

 CTRL R (remove a block)

 Removes a block of text from the document and closes up the gap. The removed
 block is copied into the block buffer. This function can be used to delete
 huge portions of text, or to "pick up" a piece of the document, relocate and
 merge it elsewhere with a subsequent CTRL M.

 CTRL R can also be used to buffer a chunk of your document so that you can
 load another one and merge the buffered text into it. Here's how:

 Gobble up the portion of your document you DON'T want with CTRL R. Last,
 gobble the text you WANT. This will leave you with a blank workspace, and
 the desired text in the block buffer. Now, load the file you want to merge
 the text into, and insert the buffered text with CTRL M.

 Sounds like the long way around, but if you clear your workspace from the
 menu, you also clear the block buffer. So, CTRL R will give you a way to do
 it. You can also merge text with the load routine (see that section).

 CTRL J (justify lines in block)

 Allows you to right-justify the lines in a block of text.  Extra  spaces  are
 inserted between words until the last character in the line rests  one  space
 to the left of the right margin. The printing routine will also right-justify
 text, but it operates on the entire document. CTRL J allows  you  to  justify
 smaller parts of it only, if that is what you wish to do. An example is  this
 paragraph, and the next one:

 This is  an  indented  block  of  text
 aligned on the  screen  with  a  right
 margin  of  40...then  it  was   right
 justified, and  the  original  margins
 restored. Note  the  "blocked"  effect
 when  you  print   these   paragraphs.

 CTRL S (set block underlining)

 You can define any text to be underlined by typing it in reverse video (more
 on this later). CTRL S will convert an entire block to a reverse video block.
 When the editor's printing routine comes across this text, it will be sent to
 the printer as underlined text (as long as the printer has that capability).
 This function, and CTRL K, will allow you to define less than a full line of
 text as part of the block. The text does not get copied into the buffer.
 Also, CTRL S will not underline spaces at the end of a line, and will ignore
 blank lines.

 CTRL K (kill block underlining)

 Kills any reverse video in a block of text. Sometimes you may load a file and
 find it full of reverse video text (nulls added to a file by a BBS can cause
 this to happen. More on this later). When that happens, this function will
 allow you to correct it very quickly.

 CTRL V (view the block buffer)

 Allows you to see what's in the block buffer. Will not function if the buffer
 is empty.

 CTRL Z (zero block buffer)

 Allows you to zero the block buffer. You may want to do this if you run out
 of memory (and you have text in the block buffer) and you need to free up
 some extra room for the rest of your document. As you may have guessed, the
 block buffer is allocated from part of the "free" text buffer.
 NOTE: If your document is quite big, and you attempt to align, copy or merge
 a large part of it, nothing may happen. This will occur if the block is too
 big to fit into the buffer (memory for the buffer will be small in a case
 like this). Also, any block function that writes to the block buffer will
 erase the previous contents of the buffer. However, CTRL D and CTRL I don't
 write to the buffer, so they can be used when you want to preserve the
 contents of the buffer, but you would still like to insert and delete lines.

 CTRL B (clear to beginning of line)

 Clears all text from the cursor to the beginning of the line. Does not write
 to the buffer.

 CTRL E (clear to the end of line)

 Clears all text from the cursor to the end of the line. Does not write to the
 buffer.


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text in the middle
 of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 What I'll do is insert "(ain't that grand?)" between "text" and "in". First,
 duplicate the first line to be changed with CTRL C and CTRL M:


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text in the middle
 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text in the middle
 of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 Now, edit the lines like this with CTRL E and CTRL B:


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text
                                                                 in the middle
 of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 Now, type in the extra text:


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text
 (ain't that grand?)                                             in the middle
 of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 Finally, align (repack) the block:


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text (ain't that
 grand?) in the middle of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 This may seem like a lot of steps (and it is), but it's really a lifesaver on
 a LARGE paragraph where the alternative is to retype part of each line.


 CTRL U and CTRL O  (underlining mode and underlining off mode)

 Default is CTRL O (underlining off). Pressing CTRL U will cause any furthur
 text typed to be displayed in reverse video (underlined text). CTRL O cancels
 this mode.


 CTRL P and CTRL N (previous and next screen)

 These functions allow rapid movement through the document. CTRL N will move
 you ahead 11 lines, and CTRL P back 11 lines.


 CTRL F and CTRL L (get first or last page)

 CTRL F will move you immediately to the first page, first line, first
 character. CTRL L sends you to to the last page, last line, last character.


 CTRL W (word search)

 This function will hunt down a word or string for you and take you there
 immediately. The word or string can be up to 80 characters long, and can be
 searched from the beginning of the document or from the last cursor position.
 This will allow you to go to a specific area in your document without having
 to burn your eyes out looking for a key word or phrase.

 The search performed is defaulted to a wild card search. Searching for the
 word "for" will return the first found of any of the following strings:

 forward  forcast  for  fort

 To ensure the routine will only find "for" use this for the string:for *
 (note the space between the asterisk and the word). This is sort of an "anti"
 wild card, but what it really does is ensure that the search routine will
 look for the string "for" with a space after it, eliminating matches with the
 other strings.

 I also use CTRL W to search for labels (and references to them) in my source
 files. Allows me to make changes, and find ALL references to the label. I
 just keep searching until the routine tells me it can't find the string (at
 that point I know I have them all.

 NOTE: If the first occurrance of the word in your document is not the one
 you're looking for, do a cursor right and search again, but this time answer
 no to the first prompt. This will continue the search from the last cursor
 position and find the next occurrance of the word.


 CTRL X (toggle between 40 and 80 column modes)


 Sometimes 40 column mode is preferable, particularly when creating source
 files for an assembler (like the CBM assembler) or for reading, editing or
 creating messages that you want to stay in 40 column format.

 You can also use this feature to convert 80 column text to 40, or 40 to 80.
 Best way to do it is to load the text in 80 column mode, switch to 40 mode
 and perform a CTRL A realignment (to convert from 80 to 40). Or just a CTRL A
 operation for conversion of 40 to 80 column text.

 Switching modes will always result in the margin markers being turned off,
 and you will be taken to the beginning of the document. You can always reset
 the margins after the mode change (they must be turned off during the mode
 change to avoid inadvertently "hiding" text under the markers).


 CTRL H (gets the help screen)


 NOTE: When the cursor is in the fast-flash mode, any other editing keys that
 do not fast-flash the cursor can be used. This means you can move from one
 end of the document to the other (with CTRL L, for example) while defining a
 block. Let's say you wanted to repack the entire document. The CTRL KEY
 sequence could be CTRL F (go to beginning) CTRL A (define block beginning)
 CTRL L (go to end) CTRL A (define block end and execute block-align).

 Also, you will probably notice that any of the keys that fast-flash the
 cursor can be used to define the start of a block. It's the LAST key you
 press that defines the function at the same time it defines the end of the
 block. For example, this means that the sequence CTRL A, CTRL C will
 accomplish the same thing as CTRL C, CTRL C.


 FUNCTION KEYS (f1 thru f8)

 f7 moves the cursor to the next tab to the right. The cursor returns to the
 left margin after the last tab is reached.

 f5 moves the cursor to the next tab to the left. The cursor returns to the
 right margin after the last tab is reached.

 f4 set up tabs at every 5th column and erases all other tabs

 f3 sets a tab at the cursor position

 f2 clears all tabs

 f1 clears the tab at the cursor position

 The other function keys are not used
LOADING FILES

 You can load an ASCII file or a PET-ASCII (CBM) file. Selection 4 for a CBM
 file, or 4a for a standard ASCII file. If the file was not created with this
 editor, the margins will default to 0 (left) and 80 (right), otherwise the
 editor will create the margins from information contained in the first few
 bytes of the file. More on how it does this later. It's a good idea to clear
 text memory before a load, though, or you will have some merged text...it's
 surprised me at times. This can also be used to some advantage. After the
 load, the DOS message will be displayed until you press a key to return to
 the menu. There you can read the file, edit it or re-save it as either an
 ASCII or PET-ASCII file. I use the latter trick to convert files all the
 time.


 NOTE: On either the load or save function, you can abort reading or writing
 with the STOP key. Pressing this key during these i/o operations will close
 all files and return you to the editor's menu.


 SAVING FILES

 Same options are available, but you may want to know a few of the technical
 details of the save. All blank lines are saved as a carriage return (or a
 carriage return and linefeed for standard ASCII files). Also, you have the
 option of adding extra carriage returns to the file to provide perforation
 skips for your printer (you'll be prompted for this selection). If selected,
 the editor will assume your text page is 66 lines per page. If you have your
 lines per page set at 55 (function 2 from the menu), 11 carriage returns will
 be added after every 55 lines. If you reload a file that has these extra
 CR's, you'll see blank lines inserted in your text. Resaving such a file
 without first deleting these lines could cause chaos in your page formatting,
 so be sure you delete the lines prior to resaving. Also, if you save a file
 that "maxed out" your text buffer, extra CR's will cause a reload to ignore
 the last part of your lengthened document, so be aware of these details when
 you make your choice.

 All files saved by the editor contain information for setting up the left and
 right margins. This information is contained in the first few bytes. To
 explain this, let's assume you are saving a document with a left margin of 5
 and a right margin of 75. The first 5 bytes of the file will be nulls (binary
 zeros), the next byte will be a 128 (separator) and the next 5 bytes will be
 nulls. To printers, nulls and 128's are transparent...they are ignored. These
 characters are also ignored by most BBS systems. CIS ignores them just fine.
 However, the editor does not ignore them, and uses them to set up the margins
 when you load the file. If your margins were set to 0 left & 80 right, no
 nulls or separator bytes will be saved in the file. This makes the editor
 useful for creating or editing source code files for an assembler (like the
 CBM assembler).


 NOTE: nulls are added to the file whenever the save routine comes across
 underlined text (reverse video). One null is used to mark the start of the
 underlined text, another the end. The load routine interprets these nulls in
 reverse, toggling the text between reverse video and normal whenever it comes
 across one. Occasionally, you may load a file that contains extra nulls in it
 (some BBS systems may add a few extra). When this happens, you'll have a lot
 of unwanted reverse video text. Use CTRL K to correct it (in the edit mode).
Dear Everyone,

     When you download Data Library files which have extensions of  .IMG
( like  SATIE1.IMG ) and you are using  XMODEM   Protocol to download these
.IMG  files, if your XMODEM Terminal Program does not "strip off" or remove
the  "six-character image header bytes" automatically, the downloaded Program
file will not  "load and run" properly.

     What you need to do then is to  download from DL 1  here on CBMART, the
file which will "strip off" the "six-character image header" and run this 
Program OFFLINE to convert your downloaded file.  Its name is  BINIMG.BIN  and
you will note it has a  .BIN  extension so you will be able to download it just
fine with your  XMODEM  Terminal Program.

     I downloaded the  BINIMG.BIN  file from DL 1  here and  although I have no 
files to test it with (as I use VIDTEX with B-Protocol), it seems to be run as 
assumed it would  That is:--

     load"binimg",8

 Now you will see displayed:

     input file, device, drive

 Enter:

     inname, 8, 0

 (that's provided you have a disk drive on device 8 drive 0)

 Now you will see displayed:

     output file, device, drive

 Enter:

	   outname, 8, 0

 NOTE:  Enter just like my example as to commas and spaces.  inname   above is
the name of the Program that will not load properly.   outname    is the new
Program name for the converted file.

 Next you will see displayed:

     File Type? (Default S)?

 Enter:

     p

 (for Program type file)

 And a new file will be written to your disk.  Then try to load this new file. 
Please let me know how it goes for you.  Good Luck and take care.

          Sincerely,
          Sysop/Betty Knig	




*nb"BUG1/1/004"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#4:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Continued from page 3

With this new found capability I got involved in converting some C64 programs to check it out.  A short example BASIC program listing follows:

Northern Tune

 100 print "music  (by jim butterfield): rem modified for the B128 by M. Schwanke
 110 l1=54272+1536:l2=54279+1536:l3=54286+1536:rem +1536 offset for b128 sid address
 120 h1=l1+1:h2=l2+1:h3=l3+1
 130 v1=l1+4:v2=l2+4:v3=l3+4
 140 poke 54296+1536,15
 150 poke v1+1,9:poke v2+2,0
 160 poke v2+1,36:poke v2+2,36
 170 poke v3+1,18:poke v3+2,170
 200 poke v1,16:poke v2,32:poke v3,16
 210 read s:if s=0 goto 290
 220 read x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3
 230 if x1 then poke h1,x1:poke l1,y1:poke v1,17
 240 if x2 then poke h2,x2:poke l2,y2:poke v2,33
 250 if x3 then poke h3,x3:poke l3,y3:poke v3,17
 260 s=s-1: for a0=1 to 5: next a0
 270 if s>0 goto 260
 280 goto 200
 290 for j=l1 to 54296+1536: poke j,0:next j: rem +1536 offset for B128 sid address
 300 data 20,3	75,21,154,8,147
 310 data 20,34,75,25,177,0,0
 320 data 20,38,126,28,214,6,108
 330 data 20,43,52,25,177,0,0
 340 data 20,34,75,21,154,8,147
 350 data 20,43,180,25,177,0,0
 360 data 20,38,126,22,227,8,23
 370 data 20,0,0,25,177,0,0
 400 data 20,34,75,21,154,8,147
 410 data 20,34,75,25,177,0,0
 420 data 20,38,126,28,214,6,108
 430 data 20,43,52,25,177,0,0
 440 data 20,34,75,21,154,8,147
 450 data 20,0,0,25,177,0,0
 460 data 20,32,94,22,227,8,23
 470 data 20,0,0,19,63,6,108
 500 data 20,34,75,21,154,8,147
 	0 data 20,34,75,25,177,0,0
 520 data 20,38,126,21,154,7,163
 530 data 20,43,52,17,37,0,0
 540 data 20,45,198,28,214,7,53
 550 data 20,43,52,34,75,0,0
 560 data 20,38,116,28,214,0,206
 570 data 20,34,75,22,227,0,0
 600 data 20,32,94,25,177,6,108

Continued on page 5
*fp0
From misc.answers Fri Apr  7 01:23:50 1995
Path: panix!news.mathworks.com!udel!news.sprintlink.net!news.clark.net!rahul.net!a2i!waffle.a2i!waffle
~From: savetz@rahul.net (Kevin Savetz)
~Newsgroups: alt.internet.services,alt.online-service,alt.books.technical,misc.books.technical,alt.bbs.internet,misc.answers,alt.answers,news.answers
~Subject: Unofficial Internet Book List (version 0.9)
Followup-To: alt.internet.services
~Date: 5 Mar 1995 11:00:58 GMT
Organization: a2i network
~Lines: 3245
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
Message-ID: <3jc5la$cc0@hustle.rahul.net>
~Reply-To: savetz@rahul.net
NNTP-Posting-Host: jive.rahul.net
NNTP-Posting-User: waffle
Summary: List of books published about the Internet, its uses, users, tools, resources, culture and lore.
Archive-name: internet-services/book-list
Last-Modified: 1994/12/4
Version: 0.9
~Xref: panix alt.internet.services:45928 alt.online-service:12389 alt.books.technical:4744 misc.books.technical:6810 alt.bbs.internet:28237 misc.answers:1569 alt.answers:7812 news.answers:38750

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     The Unofficial Internet Book List                     
        The most extensive bibliography of books about the Internet        
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Version 0.9 - 4 December 1994
                 by Kevin M. Savetz - savetz@northcoast.com
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document is copyright 1994 by Kevin M. Savetz. All rights reserved. 
More legal stuff is near the end of this file. If you notice that an 
Internet-related book is missing, or information herein needs updating, 
please send e-mail to savetz@northcoast.com.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Sponsored in part by Computer Literacy Bookshops & The Electric Bookstore 
See end of file for more information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Blatant Plug time: I'll be defacing--er, autographing copies of my book,  
Your Internet Consultant, at Internet World: Dec 7th at 12:30 - booth 920  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

*** Table of Contents
Additions to this edition
Vital Statistics
Alphabetical List of Internet Books
List of Upcoming titles
Publisher/Ordering Information
Internet Book Information & Updates Online
Legal, Ethical and Moral Stuff
Sponsorship information
Where to Find this Document

*** Additions to this edition
Access the Internet!
All-In-One Internet Kit
America Online's Internet
Building the Information Highway
Canadian Internet Handbook, 1995 edition.
Complete Cyberspace Reference and Directory
The Complete Idiot's Next Step with the Internet
Courte information sur le systeme UNIX et les reseaux informatiques 
[French]
Driving the Infohighway - a Guide for VAX/VMS Users
E-mail Companion
E-mail Essentials
Education on the Internet
Essential Internet Information Guide
Finding it on the Internet
Free $tuff from the Internet
How to Advertise on the Internet
How To Make A Fortune On The Information Superhighway
Information Infrastructure Sourcebook, version 4
Information Superhighway: Beyond the Internet
Instant Internet Access
Internet After Hours
Internet Anywhere
The Internet Business Book
The Internet Business Guide: Riding the Information Superhighway to Profit
The Internet by E-mail
Internet CD
Internet for Dummies, 2nd edition
Internet for Macs for Dummies
Internet in Plain English
Internet Membership Kit
Internet Slick Tricks
The Internet via WorldWideWeb
Internet 101
The LAN Times E-mail Resource Guide
Making Money on the Internet
Managing Internet Information Services
Managing Internetworks with SNMP
netgames
Network and Internetwork Security
Networks and Network Services - A User's Guide
Online World
Planet Internet
Point and Click Internet
Realizing the Information Future: the Internet and Beyond
Sesame pour Internet [French]
TCP/IP and Related Protocols
TCP/IP for the Internet
Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days
Troubeshooting TCP/IP
The Usenet Handbook
Using Mosaic
Using Mosaic for Windows
Using the World Wide Web
What's on the Internet
WorldWideWeb, Mosaic and More
WorldWideWeb Unleashed

*** Vital Statistics
Number of books in this list: 199
Additions to this version of the list: 57
Least expensive books: free (Guide for Accessing California Legislative 
Info, tied with NetPages)
Most expensive book: $85 (Information Infrastructure Sourcebook)
Thickest book: 1700 pages (Information Infrastructure Sourcebook)
Thinnest book: 10 pages (The Internet at a Glance)

*** Alphabetical List of Internet Books
~Title: Access the Internet
Author: David Peal
Publisher: Sybex
ISBN: 0-7821-1529-2
Price: $19.99
Pages: 235
Goodies: NetCruiser software for Windows
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: All About Internet FTP: Learning and Teaching to Transfer Files on 
the Internet
Author: David Robison
Publisher: Library Solutions Press
ISBN: 1-882208-04-8 (book alone) or 1-882208-06-4 (book with diskettes) 
Price: $30 ($45 with disk)
Pages: 90
Published: 1994
For more information: (510) 841-2636, or alipow@library.berkeley.edu
Notes: For use by Internet trainers or for self-study.

~Title: All-In-One Internet Kit
Author: Gregory Giagnocavo & Tim McLain
Publisher: Wentworth Worldwide Media, Lancaster, PA
ISBN: 0-932577-01-6
Price: $49
Pages: 110
Goodies: Three floppy disks (for Mac & PC)
Published: 1994
For more information: (800) 638-1639 or email to editor@wentworth.com
Notes: Ad says: Includes all of the software and instructions both Mac and 
IBM PC users need to logon to the Internet using a SLIP or PPP connection. 
This is the first book/disk kit t offering all of the software (e-mail, 
ftp, gopher, telnet, newsreader) needed to access the Net plus a web 
browser.

~Title: America Online's Internet
Author: Tom Lichty
Publisher: Ventana Press
ISBN: 1-56604-176-7 (Windows version)
      1-56604-175-9 (Macintosh version)
Price: $25
Pages: 336
Goodies: includes America Online program disk, online updates
Published: 1994
For more information: majortom@aol.com
Notes: The author says: "this book provides a complete description of 
America Online's Internet Connection and access to the Internet via AOL. In 
a jaunty style well-known to readers of Ventanais America Online Membership 
Kit, author Tom Lichty points out top Internet attractions and leads his 
audience through the process of accessing them with America Online. Updates 
to the book -- text and graphics -- are available online in AOL's Internet 
Connection."

~Title: Building the Information Highway
Author: Fes Freed and Frank Ferfler
Publisher: Ziff Davis Press
ISBN: 1-56276-126-9
Price: $24.95
Pages: 400
Published: July 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Everybody's Guide to the Internet
Author: Adam Gaffin
Publisher: M.I.T. Press
ISBN: 0-262-57105-6
Price: $14.95
Pages: about 260
Published: July, 1994
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: Adam Gaffin (adamg@world.std.com)
Notes: This is basically a printed version of version 2.2 of the EFF's 
online guide "The Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet", plus an index. The 
name was changed to avoid confusion with other books with similar names.

~Title: Canadian Internet Handbook, 1995 edition
Author: Jim Carroll and Rick Broadhead
Publisher: Prentice Hall Canada
ISBN: 0-13-304395-9
Price: $16.95
Pages: 414
Published: 2nd edition, November 1994
For more information: info@handbook.com. http://www.csi.nb.ca/handbook/ 
handbook.html. For orders: Toll-free in Canada: 1-800-567-3800. U.S. and 
Overseas: +1 (416) 293-3621
Notes: Notes from 1st ed: If you live in Canada, get this book. It contains 
sections about getting Internet access in Canada, growth of 'net use there, 
short basic sections about how to use of some of the most popular Internet 
tools, a huge directory of Canadian Internet service providers, and even 
more huge list of gopher servers and campus-wide information systems in 
Canada and to top it off, lists of Canadian-based Usenet groups, WWW, 
Archie, IRC servers and online catalogs. I wish I lived in Canada just so I 
could make more use of this book.

~Title: Complete Cyberspace Reference and Directory
Author: ?
Publisher: VNR
ISBN: ?
Price: ?
Pages: ?
Published: ?
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Internet
Author: Peter Kent
Publisher: Alpha Books
ISBN: 1-56761-414-0
Price: $19.95
Pages: 386
Goodies: DOS disk
Published: Feb, 1994
For more information: 75430.174@compuserve.com
Notes: This best-selling book provides an easy-to-understand introduction 
to the Internet. It covers virtually all important Internet services in a 
light-hearted, straightforward way. It also includes coupons for Internet-
service discounts, and a disk containing files that list thousands of 
Internet resources.

~Title: The Complete Idiot's Next Step with the Internet
Author: Peter Kent
Publisher: Alpha
ISBN: 1-56761-524-4
Price: $19.95
Pages: 400
Goodies: Disk with Pipeline software
Published: 1994
For more information: (800) 428-5331
Notes: 

~Title: The Complete Internet Directory
Author: Eric Braun
Publisher: Fawcett
ISBN: ?
Price: $25
Pages: 325
Published: 1993
For more information: 
Notes: A directory of newsgroups, discussion lists, FTP sites and so on, 
with just a few pages on how to use these resources.

~Title: Computers Under Attack: Intruders, Worms, and Viruses
Author: Peter Denning
Publisher: ACM Press/Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-53067-8
Price: $23.95
Pages: 574
Published: 1990
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: John Quarterman in RFC 1432
Notes: Details of celebrated network security cases. Includes Stoll's 
original article about the Wily Hacker, and responses and articles by 
others on the same subject. Has extensive coverage of the 1988 Internet 
Worm. Also includes information on viruses. Has quite a bit of material on 
the cultures of the networks, and on social, legal, and ethical matters. 
Starts with the standard historical network papers, including "Notable 
Computer Networks" by Quarterman and Hoskins.

~Title: Connecting to the Internet
Author: Susan Estrada
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-061-9
Price: $15.95
Pages: 170
Published: 1993.
Notes: This small book focuses on choosing the best type of network 
connection for your personal, school or business needs, and how to get the 
best price for the type of access you require. Explains the differences 
between SLIP, PPP, ISDN, X.25 and other options. Includes an extensive list 
of Internet service providers. This is a single-purpose book, telling how 
to choose a connection and get online. It doesn't try to teach you how to 
use the 'net once you're there. That is graceful in its simplicity.

~Title: Courte information sur le systeme UNIX et les reseaux informatiques
("Short introduction to UNIX and computer networks")
Author: Marc Schaefer
Language: French
Publisher: ALPHANET NF, Battieux 6c, 2013 COLOMBIER (CH)
ISBN: none
Price: 10 SFr
Pages: 60
Published: 1994
For more information: schaefer@alphanet.ch
Thanks for the info:
Notes: Beginner introduction to UNIX and introduction to networking tools 
(uucp, mail, news, www, ftp, etc.)

~Title: Crossing the Internet Threshold: an Instructional Handbook
Author: Roy Tennant, John Ober and Anne Lipow
Publisher: Library Solutions Press
ISBN: 1-882208-07-2
Price: $45
Pages: 168
Published: 2nd ed, 1994
For more information: (510) 841-2636 or charlotte@library-solutions.com
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: (This review covers the first edition.) An instructional package for 
librarians teaching Internet basics. This book is useful for newcomers to 
the Internet. This book is useful for trainers. This book is useful for 
librarians. Ultimately, this book is most useful for those training 
librarians who are new to the Internet. A newcomer to the Internet might 
find this material a bit disorganized, but very definitely helpful and 
useful. It is heartening to see the very strong emphasis on Internet 
etiquette and culture which all too often gets short shrift, even in 
introductory guides. The grouping of discussion lists and electronic 
journals with e-mail is a logical extension which is not always made. The 
work is not limited to the novice, though; many Internet users would find 
the fact sheets to be a handy quick reference.

~Title: The Cuckoo's Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer 
Espionage
Author: Clifford Stoll
Publisher: Doubleday
ISBN: 0-385-24946-2
Price: $5.95
Pages: 332
Published: 1989
For more information: ?
Notes: A spy novel, except it's true: a first person account by a down-on-
his-luck Berkeley astronomer who with others tracked down a KGB network 
spy. Contains a very good recipe for chocolate chip cookies, too!

~Title: Cyberpunk - Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier
Author: Katie Hafner and John Markoff
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
ISBN: 0-671-68322-5
Price: $22.95
Pages: 368
Published: 1991
Thanks for the info: John Quarterman in RFC 1432
Notes: Interviews with some of the crackers who have appeared conspicuously 
in the press in the past few years. One of the co-authors is the New York 
Times reporter who broke the Morris story to the public. Very readable.

~Title: Das Internet -Weltweit vernetzt
Language: German
Author: Peter Klau
Publisher: IWT-Verlag GmbH, Vaterstetten bei Muenchen
ISBN: 3-88322-467-7
Price: 59 DM
Pages: 455
Published: 1994 (second edition)
Thanks for the info: Richard H. Nollan <RNOLLAN@A1.UTMEM.EDU>
For more information: peter.klau@zb2.ub.uni-dortmund.de
Notes: This introductory text discusses how to connect to the Internet and 
covers the basic features of e-mail, data transfer, searching, discussion 
groups, network tools and more. The book is in German, but the examples, 
illustrations and all the standard terminology are in English.

~Title: DFUe - Ein Handbuch. Recherchen in weltweiten Netzen
Language: German
Authors: Martin Rost & Michael Schack
Publisher: Heise-Verlag, Hannover
ISBN: 3-88229-026-9
Price: 58 DM
Pages: 389
Published: 1993
Fore more information: maro@toppoint.de
It's an introduction to Internet (e-mail, FTP, telnet, IRC, archie, gopher, 
hytelnet, WAIS, WWW), UUCP, Bitnet, FidoNet, etc. with many examples for 
each.

~Title: Directory of Directories on the Internet: A Guide to Information 
Sources
Author: Gregory B. Newby
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-768-2
Price: $29.50
Pages: 153
Published: 1993
For more information: gbnewby@uiuc.edu
Notes: Intended for those who need to identify Internet information 
resources that point to other resources.

~Title: Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic 
Discussion Lists
Author: Lisabeth King and Diane Kovacs
Publisher: Association of Research Libraries
ISBN: none listed
Price: $54 ($36 to members of the Association of Research Libraries)
Pages: 588
Goodies: Complete directory available on diskette for $36 extra.
Published: 4th ed, May 1994
For more information: ann@cni.org or (202) 296-2296
Notes: This directory is broken into two main sections: a catalog of 1,800 
academic discussion lists and interest groups, and listings of 440 
electronic journals, newsletters and digests - along with notes on how to 
access each publication. Scholarly lists are grouped by broad subject areas 
and journals and newsletters are listed in alphabetical order. Also 
includes five articles and bibliographies on electronic publishing.

~Title: DNS and BIND
Author: Paul Albitz & Cricket Lui
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-010-4
Price: $29.95
Pages: 380
Published: 2nd printing, March 1993
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: Discusses one of the Internet's fundamental building blocks: the 
distributed host information database that's responsible for translating 
host names into addresses, routing mail and other services. Intended for 
system administrators, covers the technical stuff but is readable.

~Title: Doing Business on the Internet
Author: Mary Cronin
Publisher: Van Nostrand Reinhold
ISBN: 0-442-01770-7
Price: $29.95
Pages: 308
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: matisse@well.sf.ca.us (J Matisse Enzer)
Notes: Promotional info says: One view of how the Internet has changed the 
way some companies are doing business. Must reading for anyone looking at 
the impact of the Internet on commerce and why Internet access is becoming 
critical for businesses. Matisse Enzer says: Excellent overview and 
detailed discussion of the Internet from a business users' perspective. An 
entirely non-technical book, Doing Business discusses the commercial 
aspects and issues of the Internet: advertising, research, customer 
contact, etc. Highly recommended.

~Title: DOS User's Guide to the Internet
Author: James Gardner
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-106873-3
Price: $34.95
Pages: 308
Goodies: DOS disk
Published: 1993
For more information: (515) 284-6751 or phyllis@prenhall.com
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: A minimalist software package and manual for setting up a UUCP 
connection for mail and news. This title is almost completely misleading. 
This book is not for DOS users, except that you must be running DOS to run 
the MKS UUCP for DOS programs for which this book is a manual. This book is 
also not about the Internet, as such. Both the specifics and the concepts 
refer to UUCP rather than the Internet. The text of the book does point out 
that there are differences, but the examples given relate to UUCP. That 
said, for those who are interested in making their first move to a direct 
Internet connection, this could be an excellent choice. UUCP was designed 
to be quite comfortable with dialup connections, and this book and 
associated programs, help to automate a number of the connection functions 
while freeing the user from much of the technical detail that TCP/IP 
requires.

~Title: Driving the Infohighway - A Guide for VAX/VMS Users
Author: Gerald Neufeld
Publisher: New Fields Publishing
ISBN: ?
Price: $18.95 (US), $24.95 (CAN)
Pages: 296
Published: 1994
For more information: (204) 729-8943
Thanks for the info: Peter Scott <scottp@herald.usask.ca>
Notes: The book is for users who will be accessing the Internet via a 
VAX/VMS host. It is designed for a reader who has some familiarity with 
personal computers but who has had little or no experience in using the 
VAX. It assumes that the user will be accessing the VAX using a VT-100 or 
better terminal or terminal emulation program. It explains how to access 
the VAX using a PC on the campus-wide ethernet LAN or by modem. The book 
can be used as a tutorial for beginners. The novice user will find the step 
by step instructions, practical examples, and glossary very helpful. 
However, the book can also be used as a valuable resource for the more 
experienced user.

~Title: The Easy Internet handbook
Author: Javed Mostafa, Thomas Newell, Richard Trenthem
Publisher: Hi Willow Research and Publishing
ISBN: 0-931510-50-3
Price: $20
Pages: 150
Published: 1994
For more information: tnewell@fiat.gslis.utexas.edu or 800-237-6124

~Title: EcoLinking: Everyone's Guide to Online Environmental Information
Author: Don Rittner
Publisher: Peachpit Press
ISBN: 0-938151-35-5
Price: $18 95
Pages: 368
Published: 1992
For more information: (800) 283-9444
Notes: Directed at concerned citizens, environmentalists and scientists 
interested in sharing ideas and research on environmental issues. Covers 
resources on FidoNet, BITNet, Internet, Usenet, local bulletin boards, 
America Online, CompuServe, EcoNet, GENIE, WELL.

~Title: Education on the Internet
Author: Jill Ellsworth
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: ?
Price: $25
Pages: 591
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Computer Literacy Bookshops says: Packed with ideas, resources, 
projects and advice. Teachers and professors will find out how to develop 
cirriculum plans, share teaching ideas and techniques and to start sister 
school programs. Students and parents will discover reserach topics, 
correspond with pen pals, learn and improve foreign language skills and 
explore museums of art. Sections for K-12, elementary, high school, college 
and graduate levels.

~Title: Educator's Guide to the Internet 
Author: ?
Publisher: Virginia Space Grant Consortium 
ISBN: ?
Price: $16.00
Pages: 170
Goodies: Disk (IBM or Mac)
Published: 1994
For more information: vsgc@pen.k12.va.us
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: Written and designed by educators for educators, this is a user-
friendly guide to make the Internet work for you in the classroom. It 
includes on-line projects for your students to collaborate with other 
classes around the world, lesson plans, graphics and software on almost 
every subject imaginable, etc.

~Title: Electronic Style: A Guide to Citing Electronic Information
Author: Xia Li and Nancy Crane
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-909-X
Price: $15
Pages: 80
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Notes: Here is where to find out how to cite in your bibliographies 
references found on the Internet, on CD-ROMs and online database searches.

~Title: The Electronic Traveler: Directory Of Tourism Information Sources
Author: Marcus L. Endicott
Publisher: M. L. Endicott
ISBN: none listed
Price: $50.00
Pages: 130
Published: June 1994
For more information: Marcus L. Endicott <mendicott@igc.apc.org>
Notes: From the publisher's info: As the title of this new book says, The 
Electronic Traveler is a directory of tourism information available to 
everyone with a computer and a telephone: it is a guidebook to online 
travel information sources. It explains in plain English exactly what 
travel and tourism information is available on the information highway and 
how to access it. It covers the Internet, popular proprietary interactive 
systems, Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs), independent bulletin board 
systems (BBSs), and commercial fulltext databases.

~Title: The Electronic Traveler: Exploring Alternative Online Systems
Author: Elizabeth Powell Crowe
Publisher: Windcrest/McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 0-8306-4498-9
Price: $16.95
Pages: ?
Published: ?
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: The Elements of E-Mail Style
Author: David Angell & Brent Heslop
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-62709-4
Price: $12.95
Pages: 157
Published: March 1994
For more information: dangell@shell.portal.com
Thanks for the info: David F Angell (dangell@shell.portal.com)
Notes: How to write effective e-mail. It simplifies and summarizes 
essential writing techniques so users can upgrade their writing skills and 
see their e-mail make maximum impact in minimal time.

~Title: The Elements of Networking Style
Author: Padlipsky, M.A.
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-268129-3 hc, 0-13-2268111-0 pb
Price: ?
Pages: 236
Published: 1985
For more information: padlipsky@isi.edu
Thanks for the info: wdr@world.std.com
Notes: Mike was the Multics system-programmer at Project Mac, and is 
personally responsible for putting two systems on the ARPAnet back when 
that meant hacking the OS designed and implemented a number of protocols 
including being working-group chair, and has been a commentator on Internet 
RFCs since the beginning. (He was also Dennis Ritchie's officemate before 
Bell Labs pulled out of Multics & Dennis had to invent UNIX, and has a 
personal exemption from Dijkskstra to use a GOTO when, in his professional 
opinion as a protocol implementor, it is necessary.) This is a book on 
style in protocol design and the great Bromdinagian TCP vs. ISO debates. 
It's a nice piece of history and explains where TCP, TELNET, FTP came from.

~Title: E-mail Addresses of the Rich and Famous
Author: Seth Godin
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-40893-7
Price: $7.95
Pages: 130
Published: 1994
For more information: sethwood@aol.com
Notes: A directory of more than 1,000 of e-mail addresses of famous folks: 
politicians, authors, reporters and other personalities. Included are Ed 
Asner, Tom Brokaw, Bill Clinton, Ross Perot, Dave Barry and others.

~Title: E_mail Companion
Author: Quarterman & Carl-Mitchell
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: ?
Price: $19.95
Pages: 318
Published: ?
For more information: ?
Notes: Subtitle is: Communicating Effectivly via the Internet and Other 
Global Networks. Computer Literacy Bookshops says: A concise guide to using 
e-mail, answering common questions on hardware/software requirements, 
privacy and security and finding a mail connection.

~Title: E-mail Essentials
Author: Ed Tittel and Margaret Robbins
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0-12-691397-8
Price: $24.95
Pages: 298
Published: 1994
For more information: 955 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade
Notes: Slade writes: I find it very difficult to define who, or what, this 
book is for, but I would recommend it primarily to managers in charge of 
large networks and possibly internetworks needing to evaluate email systems 
with extended functionality. The title would suggest this is a discussion 
of the basics of email. That is true only in the most simplistic and 
superficial way.

~Title: The E-mail Frontier
Author: Daniel Blum and David Litwack
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-56860-8
Price: $46.25
Pages: 480
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: A technical overview of markets and evolving technologies.

~Title: The Essential Internet Information Guide
Author: Jason J. Manger
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Europe
ISBN: 0-07-707905-1
Price: 22.95 UK sterling
Pages: 515
Published: October 1994.
For more information: +44 (0)628 23432 (McGraw-Hill)
Notes:

~Title: Exploring the Internet: a Technical Travelogue
Author: Carl Malamud
Publisher: Prentice-Hall
ISBN: 0-13-296898-3
Price: $26.95
Pages: 379
Published: 1992
For more information: (515) 284-6751
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: A look at the Internet and the emerging global village in 21 
countries and 56 cities. Not technical, but lots of fun stories about 
traveling around the world (physically).

~Title: 51 Reasons: How We Use the Internet and What it Says About the 
Information Superhighway
Author: Martha Stone-Martin and Laura Breeden
Publisher: FARNET
ISBN: None
Price: $19.95
Pages: 124
Published: 1994
For more information: (617) 860-9445 or stories@farnet.org
Notes: This is a unique book exploring how people and organizations in all 
50 United States (plus the capitol) are using the Internet as the first 
stepping stone toward the Clinton administration's "information 
superhighway". Written as an oral narrative from the mouths of the people 
making these projects work, the book covers uses of the Internet in 
libraries, K-12 education, agriculture, economic development, government, 
health care and higher education. Although brief, 51 Reasons gives novel 
ideas for the use of the Internet and provides contact information for each 
of the individuals/projects mentioned. You can get the text of the book 
online via gopher (gopher.cni.org:70/11/cniftp/miscdocs/farnet) and FTP 
(ftp.cni.org:/CNI/documents/farnet/stories-index).

~Title: Finding it on the Internet
Author: Paul Gilster
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN: 0-471-0387-1
Price: $19.95
Pages: 300
Published: 1994
For more information: (800) 263-1590 or gilster@interpath.net

~Title: Firewalls and Internet Security
Author: Cheswick/Bellovin
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-63357-4
Price: $26.95
Pages: 306
Published: 1994
For more information: firewall-book@research.att.com
Notes: Practical suggestions for firewall construction and other aspects of 
Internet security.

~Title: Free $tuff from the Internet
Author: Patrick Vincent
Publisher: Coriolis Group
ISBN: ?
Price: $19.99
Pages: 459
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: From A to Z39.50: a network primer
Author: James Michael and Mark Hinnebusch
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-766-6
Price: $25
Pages: 225
Published: March 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Introduction and discussion about the issues and standards involves 
in electronic telecommunications.

~Title: A Guide for Accessing California Legislative Information over 
Internet
Author: Legislative Counsel Bureau, State of California
Publisher: State of California
ISBN: none listed
Price: free to California residents
Pages: 30
Published: 1994
For more information: comments@leginfo.public.ca.gov
Thanks for the info: Mike Quinn
Notes: This pamphlet tells how you can find California legislative 
information online. Explains what legislation info is available, what 
assistance is available and how the information is organized. The majority 
of the book is spent explaining the Internet, how to get access, how to use 
electronic mail and where to go for more detailed information. There's also 
a simple glossary of legislative terms. This pamphlet is also available 
online, in PostScript format. Send e-mail:
   To: ftpmail@leginfo.public.ca.gov
   Body: connect leginfo.public.ca.gov
         get README_public_access_guide_ps
         quit

~Title: A Guide to the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Author: Floyd Wilder
Publisher: Artech House
ISBN: ?
Price: $77
Pages: 312
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: A technical reference guide, describing all major Internet 
protocols.

~Title: The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier
Author: Bruce Sterling
Publisher: Bantam
ISBN: 0-553-08058-X
Price: $23
Pages: 352
Published: 1992
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: John Quarterman in RFC 1432
Notes: An in-depth examination of the forces of law who try to deal with 
computer crime, and of the issues involved, written by one of the science 
fiction writers who invented cyberpunk. The real story behind Operation 
Sundevil and the Legion of Doom. Readable, informative, amusing, and 
necessary. You can also get it online: 
ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/Publications/Bruce_Sterling/Hacker_Crackdown/ or 
http://www.eff.org/pub/Publications/Bruce_Sterling/Hacker_Crackdown/

~Title: Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
Author: Steven Levy
Publisher: Anchor Press/Doubleday
ISBN: 0-385-19195-2 (hard) 0-440-13405-6 (paper)
Price: $17.95 / $4.95
Pages: 458
Published: 1984
For more information: ?
Notes: Describes the early culture and ethos of hackers and computer 
homebrewers and that ultimately resulted in the Internet and Usenet.

~Title: Hands-On Internet: A Beginning Guide for PC Users
Author: David Sachs & Henry Stair
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-056392-7
Price: $29.95
Pages: 274
Goodies: DOS disk 
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Electronic Highway
Author: Pamela Kane
Publisher: MIS Press
ISBN: 1-55828-353-8
Price: $21.95 US, $28.95 CAN
Pages: 366
Goodies: Cupons for free connect time
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: <

~Title: How The Internet Works
Author: Joshua Eddings
Publisher: Ziff-Davis Press
ISBN: 1-56276-192-7
Price: $US 24.95, $CAN 34.95, UK 22.99
Pages: 218
Published: 1994
For more information: 800/688-0448
Thanks for the info: Dick Lee <ab136@freenet.carleton.ca>
Notes: Very good primer on the Internet and how it works. There are many 
rich illustrations which serve to explain the concepts very effectively. 
Contents include the protocols, telnet, downloading files, archie, e-mail, 
mailing lists, Usenet, gophers, WAIS, WWW as well as a look into 
audio/video, virtual reality, security issues and the future. Of necessity, 
many of these are treated very briefly but as an overall introductory 
manual, I found it very readable and informative.

~Title: How to Advertise on the Internet
Author: Michael Strangelove
Publisher: The Internet Business Journal
ISBN: ISSN 1201-0758
Price: $49.50 (US and CND)
Pages: 221
Published: October, 1994
For more information: mstrange@fonorola.net 
Notes: 

~Title: How To Make A Fortune On The Information Superhighway
Author: Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel
Publisher: Harper
ISBN: ?
Price: ?
Pages: ?
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: How to Use the Internet
Author: Mark Butler
Publisher: Ziff-Davis Press
ISBN: 1-56276-222-2
Price: $17.95
Pages: 144
Published: 1994
For more information: 800/688-0448
Notes: 

~Title: In acht Sekunden um die Welt (In eight seconds around the world)
Language: German
Author: Gunther Maier/Andreas Wildberger
Publisher: Addison Wesley
ISBN: 3-89319-701-X
Price: DM 39.90 / oeS 311,00
Pages: 160
Published: released 1994 (Second edition)
For more information: wildberg@nestroy.wu.wien.ac.at
Thanks for the info: pcsaal15@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de (Lutz Lademann)
Notes: It's a quite comprehensive introduction to the Internet, its history 
and the services available (Mail, News, Gopher, FTP, Telnet, WWW and more). 
For more information about the book mail one of the authors: 
wildberg@nestroy.wu.wien.ac.at (Andreas Wildberger.) Three chapters of this 
book are available via WWW:
   URL: http://rektorat.wu-wien.ac.at/stuff/netzbuch.html

~Title: Information Infrastructure Sourcebook, version 4
Author: Brian Kahin
Publisher: JFK School of Government/Harvard University
ISBN: none listed
Price: $85
Pages: 1700 
Published: April 1994
For more information: keller@ksgrsch.harvard.edu
Notes: The fourth update of this compendium of official policy documents on 
information infrastructure, including the Internet. Includes historical 
policy documents, vision statements and position papers, program and 
project descriptions, reports and pending legislation.

~Title: The Information Superhighway: Beyond the Internet
Author: Pete Otte
Publisher: Que
ISBN: 1-56529-825-X
Price: $19.99
Pages: 241
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: "Written for anyone curious about the network of the future, this 
book is a conceptual overview of the future of computer communications."

~Title: Instant Internet Access
Author: Kris Jamsa
Publisher: ?
ISBN: ?
Price: $49.95
Pages: ?
Goodies: CD-ROM and 45-minute video
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Internet
Authors: Jean-Bernard Condat and Nicolas Pioch
Publisher: J.C.I., Inc, 2700, Joliette #201, Montreal, Canada H1W 3G9
ISBN: ?
Price: 195 FF ($29.95 CAN)
Language: French
Pages: 214
Published: Oct, 1994
For more information: condat@altern.com or Nicolas.Pioch@enst.fr
Notes: From the authors: "Written by two well known French Internet 
pioneers, this book presents all the French use of Internet for company 
chiefs, students, schools and gives some tips for a total and comprehensive 
adaptation of Internet in France."

~Title: The Instant Internet Guide
Author: Brent Heslop & David Angell
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-62707-8
Price: $14.95
Pages: 209
Published: 3rd printing.
For more information: dangell@shell.portal.com
Thanks for the info: matisse@well.sf.ca.us (J Matisse Enzer)
Notes: Good quick intro to Internet and quick reference sections on using 
e-mail, Usenet, gopher, telnet, file transfers, very basic UNIX etc. Nice 
check-list of questions to ask when shopping for Internet access. Oriented 
entirely towards a dial-up terminal user on a UNIX system.

~Title: Internet Access Essentials
Author: Tittel, Ed
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN:  0-126-91393-5
Price: ?
Pages: ?
Published: 1995
For more information: 955 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
Notes: 

~Title: Internet Access Providers: An International Resource Directory
Author: Greg Notess
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-933-2
Price: $30
Pages: 330
Published: May 1994
For more information: meckler@tigger.jvnc.net (publisher) or 
align@montana.edu (author)
Notes: This directory provides descriptive information on over 300 
companies and networks that offer dial-in Internet access. Aimed at those 
without current access, looking for personal access.

~Title: Internet After Hours
Author: ?
Publisher: Prima
ISBN: 1-55958-513-7
Price: $19.95, $27.95 CAN
Pages: ?
Published: 1994
For more information: sgprima@aol.com
Notes: About games and diversions on the Internet

~Title: The Internet and Special Librarians: Use, Training and the Future
Author: Sharyn Lander Hope Tillman
Publisher: Special Libraries Association
ISBN: 0-87111-413-5
Price: $34.95
Pages: 187
Published: 1993
For more information: tillman@babson.edu or sla1@capcon.net
Notes: Implications of a study of special librarians' use of the Internet 
and the future of librarianship. Includes a glossary, primer on Internet 
basics, resources and how to get connected.

~Title: Internet Anywhere
Author: James Gardner
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-185612-X
Price: $39.95
Pages: 460
Goodies: Windows software and 30 days Internet access
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Ad says: "All you need to test drive Internet mail and Usenet news 
for 30 days."

~Title: The Internet at a Glance
Author: Susan E. Feldman
Publisher: Datasearch
ISBN: None listed
Price: $7
Pages: 10
Published: 1994
For more information: Susan Feldman <suef@TC.Cornell.EDU>
Thanks for the info: Susan Feldman <suef@TC.Cornell.EDU>
Notes: A collection of "cheatsheets" for the 'net. It's very short (only 10 
thin pages) but it covers the very basics for using the Internet and UNIX. 
Topics include Finding Resources on the Internet, Tools, electronic mail, 
anonymous FTP, telnet, mailing lists and newsgroups, basic UNIX commands 
and the vi editor.

~Title: Internet Basics
Author: Steve Lambert & Walt Howe
Publisher: Random House
ISBN: 0-679-75023-1
Price: $27.00
Pages: 495
Published: 1993
For more information: (800) 345-8112
Thanks for the info: Gayle Keresey (aflgayle@aol.com)
Notes: General book on the Internet with a slight slant towards Delphi. 
(Howe is Delphi's Internet SIG Manager.)

~Title: The Internet Book 
Author: Douglas Comer
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: ?
Price: $24.95
Pages: 287
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Subtitled "Everything You Need to Know About Computer Networking and 
How the Internet Works." Explanation of what the Internet is, how it works 
and how it came about, for the non-technical reader.

~Title: The Internet Business Book
Author: Jill Ellsworth
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN: 0-471-05809-2
Price: $22.95
Pages: 376
Published: August, 1994
For more information: je@world.std.com or (800) 879-4539
Notes: 

~Title: The Internet Business Guide: Riding the Information Superhighway to 
Profit
Author: Rosalind Resnick and Dave Taylor
Publisher: SAMS Publishing
ISBN: 0-672-30530-5
Price: $25.00 US, $34.95 CAN
Pages: 418
Published: September, 1994
For more information: taylor@netcom.com or (800) 428-5331
Notes: Of the various books on doing business on the Internet, this is the 
best one I've seen. By reading this book, you'll find out how to use the 
Internet to build market share, track down business leads, communicate with 
colleagues and search online databases, all through extensive examples and 
detailed case studies. The authors also explain how you can offer cost-
effective customer support, and access critical information using the net. 
Explores the many opportunities available on the Internet, and get tips on 
shipping for the best deal on Internet access. For leading edge marketing 
strategies and bottom-line information.

~Title: The Internet by E-mail
Author: Clay Shirky
Publisher: Ziff-Davis Press
ISBN: 1-56276-240-0
Price: $19.95
Pages: 256
Published: July 1994
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: Michael Crestohl
Notes: This book is for the thousands of people who have "only E-mail" 
access to the Internet and think all they're going to get is mail. I get 
the impression this book is intended for people who have just been "given" 
an account and perhaps a cursory description of how to send and read 
messages. But we all can learn from it. It's amazing what you can do with 
Internet mail if you know how to do it. Clay Shirky shows you how in this 
very easy-to-absorb, non-overpowering title.

~Title: Internet CD
Author: Vivian Neou
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-123852-3
Price: $49.95 US, $64.95 CAN
Pages: 260
Goodies: CD-ROM for Windows
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: The Internet Companion, A Beginner's Guide To Global Networking
Author: Tracy LaQuey with Jeanne C. Ryer
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Publishing
ISBN: 0-201-62224-6
Price: $10.95
Pages: 196
Published: 1993
For more information: internet-companion@world.std.com
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: The Companion includes a detailed history of the Internet, a 
discussion on "netiquette" (network etiquette), and how to find resources 
on the net. It is difficult to know what is supposed to be "companionable" 
about this volume. Physically, it would be easy to carry it along with you. 
You probably wouldn't want to, though. This is not a guide for 
explorations, either. It does give one some background on the Internet, but 
it is not in a step-by-step fashion. (How to access the Internet is the 
*last* topic to be covered.) The newcomer to the Internet will more likely 
want to read it all (possibly at one sitting; it's small enough) and look 
at the network gestalt. This work is somewhat less technical than the UNIX 
biased "Whole Internet Guide". However, it goes too far in the opposite 
direction. The authors boast that it was finished in less than two months. 
It shows. Companies which are getting into the Internet in a big way might 
make this the introductory volume for new users: it is generally upbeat and 
non-threatening. However, help should be on hand when people actually start 
using the net.

~Title: The Internet Companion Plus
Author: Tracy LaQuey & Jeanne Ryer
Publisher: Addison Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-62719-1
Price: $19.95
Pages: 196
Goodies: DOS disk
Published: 1993
For more information: $19.95
Notes: The Internet Companion (above) plus a disk.

~Title: The Internet Complete Reference
Author: Harley Hahn & Rick Stout
Publisher: Osborne McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 0-07-881980-6
Price: $29.95
Pages: 818
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: A grassroots guide to learning about the Internet. It takes the 
clueless newbie and leads him from the fundamentals - like understanding 
what the Internet is, how to connect and how addressing works - and through 
the Internet's most important tools. This book doesn't cover any ground 
that hadn't been trod dozens of times before by other everything-you-need-
to-know-about-the-Internet book ever written, but it delivers the 
information in a lively, always interesting manner. No topics are glossed 
over and the authors never get mired in the dirty technical details. This 
book is intended for folks who will be accessing the Internet using a UNIX 
command line prompt. If you are just trying to get started on the Internet, 
but don't know which of 50 step-by-step hold-your-hand books in your 
bookstore you should buy, The Internet Complete Reference won't disappoint 
you.

~Title: The Internet Connection: System Connectivity and Configuration
Author: by John S. Quarterman and Smoot Carl-Mitchell
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-54237-4
Price: $32.25
Pages: 271
Published: 1994
For more information: awbook@aw.com
Notes: According to the publisher, this book gives step-by-step instruction 
on connection to the Internet for system designers, system administrators 
and their managers, offers assistance in setting up naming, mail and news 
systems and explains the use of common Internet services such as archie, 
WAIS, and Gopher.

~Title: Internet Connections: A Librarian's Guide to Dial-Up Access and Use
Author: Engle, Mary E., et al.
Publisher: American Library Association
ISBN: 0-8389-7677-8
Price: $22.00
Pages: 166
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: The Internet Directory
Author: Eric Braun
Publisher: Fawcett Columbine
ISBN: 0-449-90898-4
Price: $25.00
Pages: 704
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: Gayle Keresey (aflgayle@aol.com)
Notes: Each chapter in this book covers a particular information service or 
resource type, including mailing lists, newsgroups, FTP archives, Gophers, 
WAIS, WWW, etc. All sources have been verified. Extensive index. A must 
have for Internet surfers.

~Title: Internet Essentials
Author: ?
Publisher: Que College
ISBN: ?
Price: ?
Pages: ?
Published: Feb 1994
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: Connie Marijs <otsgroup@pop.knoware.nl>
Notes: {Unsure if this actually exists.} A Jump-Start to Getting on the 
Internet. This guide will help you to learn what the Internet is and how it 
works; get connected to this world-wide network; understand the basics of 
how to navigate the Internet; take advantage of newsgroups, electronic 
conferencing, and electronic journals; expand your access to information 
and data through FTP and Telnet. Readers follow concise, 10-minute lessons 
to learn about everything from hardware to E-mail, from downloading files 
to participating newsgroups. Contains mini-tutorials, specific directions, 
how-to information.

~Title: Internet Explorer Kit for Macintosh
Author: Adam Engst and William Dickson
Publisher: Hayden Books
ISBN: 1-56830-0989-1
Price: $29.95 US, $39.95 CAN
Pages: 440
Goodies: Includes a disk of Interesting Mac software
Published: 1994
For more information: iek@tidbits.com
Notes: Written for someone who doesn't even necessarily want to get on the 
Internet, but who just wants to find out what it is everyone's blabbering 
about. The book is non-technical and really designed to show folks what's 
interesting on the Internet. 

~Title: The Internet for Dummies
Author: John Levine & Carol Baroudi
Publisher: IDG Books
ISBN: 1-56884-222-8
Price: $19.95
Pages: 427
Published: 2nd edition, 1994
For more information: (415) 312-0650 or dummies@iecc.com
Thanks for the info: Graham Keith Rogers <scgkr@mucc.mahidol.ac.th>
Notes: Intended as a beginners guide to the Internet, includes useful 
sections on mail, gopher, news, ftp, etc. All in a fairly light-hearted 
style intended to set novices at ease. At over 350 pages, there is much 
information and the book is well indexed. Most of the material is oriented 
toward UNIX shell users, with some discussion of Winsock applications. 2nd 
edition notes: "We've updated and expanded the book, clarifying the first 
few chapters, expanding the coverage of WWW and other new services, and 
generally fixing stuff."

~Title: The Internet for Everyone: A Guide for Users and Providers
Author: Richard Wiggins
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 0-07-067019-5 paper, 0-07-067018-8 hardcover
Price: $29.95 paper, $45.00 hardcover
Pages: 680
Published: August, 1994
For more information: 1-800-2-MCGRAW
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: The purpose of this book is to tell people how to use the Internet, 
but also how to provide information via the Internet - picking a kind of 
server technology, installing a Gopher, Web, or FreeWAIS server, an 
overview of HTML, pointers to more detailed online info, etc.

~Title: Internet for Macs for Dummies
Author: Seiter
Publisher: IDG
ISBN: ?
Price: ?
Pages: ?
Goodies: ?
Published: 1994
For more information: (415) 312-0650
Notes: 

~Title: Internet: Getting Started
Author: April Marine, Susan Kirkpatrick, Vivian Neou & Carol Ward
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-327933-2
Price: $28.00
Pages: 360
Published: 1993
For more information: (515) 284-6751
Notes: Explains how to join the Internet, the various types of Internet 
access, and procedures for obtaining a unique IP address and domain name. 
An extensive list of Internet access providers of all types is provided, 
including access outside of the United States. The guide explains many 
concepts essential to the Internet, such as the Domain Name System, IP 
addressing, protocols, and electronic mail. Doesn't tell you how to use the 
'net, just how to get connected.

~Title: The Internet Guide for New Users
Author: Daniel P Dern
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
ISBN: Paperback 0-07-016511, Hardcover 0-07-016510-6
Price: Paperback $27.95, Hardcover $40.00
Pages: 570
Published: 1993
For more information: ddern@world.std.com
Notes: A very complete introduction to the world of the Internet. Along 
with the obligatory topics such as telnet, FTP and Archie, the book 
suggests how to get an Internet account and teaches enough UNIX to survive 
on the net. This book is more complete and in-depth than many other 
Internet books: Dern's deep knowledge of all things Internet shines 
through, although sometimes the book is a bit too formal. The book, like 
Dern, is laced with dry humor and is UNIX-centric. Highly recommended.

~Title: Internet in Plain English
Author: Bryan Pfaffenberger
Publisher: MIS Press
ISBN: 1-55828-385-4
Price: $19.95
Pages: 463
Published: September, 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Of the various glossaries and dictionaries of Internet jargon, 
Internet in Plain English is among the most complete. Arranged like a 
dictionary, it defines just about every term you're likely to hear on and 
about Internet and UNIX, from "abbrev" to "zine". It contains a lot of 
technical terms that tech-heads bandy about relentlessly (like CSO name 
server, ISDN, and OSI protocol suite) and can give beginners and 
intermediate users a leg up in understanding what everyone's talking about. 

~Title: Internet Instant Reference
Author: Paul E. Hoffman
Publisher: Sybex
ISBN: 0-7821-1512-8
Price: $12.99
Pages: 317
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: This book is part quick reference, part lexicon and part Internet 
tutorial. Arranged in dictionary format, it defines Internet jargon (like 
shareware and hypertext) gives brief descriptions of tools (like Knowbot 
and Listserv), includes short command summaries for using popular programs 
(like FTP, emacs and elm), and describes various 'net organizations, 
policies and legislature. Nice design and layout. This book contains a wide 
variety of information, but is sort of unevenly edited and contains some 
factual errors that might not be clear to newbies (for instance, in one 
section it confuses the terms upload and download.)

~Title: The Internet Library: Case Studies of Library Internet Management 
and Use
Author: Julie Still, ed.
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-965-0
Price: $37.50
Pages: 200
Published: June 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: The case studies in this volume focus on how electronic resources 
have changed relationships with the library and on the way libraries relate 
to the larger world.

~Title: Internet: Mailing Lists
Author: Edward Hardie & Vivian Neou
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-289661-3
Price: $26.00
Pages: 356
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Notes: A list of Internet electronic mailing lists. Contains names, 
descriptions and subscription instructions for over 800 mailing lists, from 
opera and chess to engineering and library science. Note that a current 
"list of lists" is available online for free, both via Usenet and FTP.

~Title: Internet Membership Kit
Author: Hahn/Stout & Frasse
Publisher: Ventana
ISBN: ?
Price: $69.95
Pages: ?
Goodies: 2 books & disk
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Bundle of Internet Yellow Pages and Internet Tour Guide. Includes 
application software for Mac or Windows.

~Title: The Internet Message: Closing the Book with Electronic Mail
Author: Marshall Rose
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-092941-7
Price: $44.00
Pages: 384
Published: 1993
For more information: ftp to prenhall.com
Notes: Technical discussion of mail agent and system design. Focuses on the 
technology used to provide e-mail to the Internet.

~Title: The Internet Navigator
Author: Paul Gilster
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN: 0-471-05260-4
Price: $24.95
Pages: 590
Published: 2nd ed, 1994
For more information: (800) 263-1590 or gilster@interpath.net
Thanks for the info: Gayle Keresey (aflgayle@aol.com)
Notes: Information for the dial-up Internet user. Includes Internet 
history, signing on to the net, UNIX commands, getting files, telnet, 
electronic mail, BITNet, electronic journals, Usenet, gophers and Internet 
resources. Useful for those who want step-by-step instructions for dial-up 
terminal access. Somewhat academic in tone.

~Title: Internet 101 - a College Student's Guide
Author: Alfred Glossbrenner
Publisher: McGraw Hill
ISBN: 0-07-0240504-X
Price: $19.95
Pages: 350
Published: 1994
For more information: 70007.1531@compuserve.com or (800) 352-3566
Notes: Ad copy says: "Ideal for the MTV generation, this book tells 
students how to use the Net for all their academic and personal needs."

~Title: The Internet Passport: NorthWestNet's Guide to Our World Online
Author: Jonathan Kochmer
Publisher: NorthWestNet and the Northwest Academic Computing Consortium
ISBN: 0-9635281-0-6
Price: $29.95
Pages: 516
Published: 4th ed.
For more information: (206) 562-3000 or e-mail passport@nwnet.net. Order 
forms can be obtained via FTP as: ftp.nwnet.net/user-docs/passport/nonmem-
order-form.txt
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: Covers everything from net etiquette to supercomputers; very 
comprehensive. This work is a fairly bare bones and no nonsense guide to 
the Internet. The book is orderly, and the explanations and illustrations 
are clear. Each chapter covers a single topic and ends with additional 
references, most often online materials or sources. The work is well 
researched and highly competent in most cases. There is, in the early 
chapters, a gracelessness to it which lacks any kind of appeal. 
Nevertheless, it is a thoroughly researched and valuable reference for 
those interested in using the resources of the Internet. It costs $39.95 
but schools and not-for-profit organizations can buy it for $19.95 plus 
shipping.

~Title: Internet Primer for Information Professionals: A Basic Guide to 
Internet Networking Technology
Author: Elizabeth Lane and Craig Summerhill
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-831-X
Price: $37.50
Pages: 175
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Notes: Description of the current state of the Internet, as well as the 
proposed NREN, as well as basic information on network usage and concepts.

~Title: Internet Public Access Guide
Author: Phil Hughes
Publisher: SSC Publications
ISBN: 0-916151-70-0
Price: $2.95
Pages: 64
Published: 1994
For more information: sales@ssc.com or (206) 527-3385.
Thanks for the info: Graham Keith Rogers <scgkr@mucc.mahidol.ac.th>
Notes: Graham Rodgers says: "64-page guide to Internet basics. Very easy to 
follow instructions, clearly set out. With the small size not everything 
can be included but the price represents good value. The paper cover 
deteriorates with use." I say: A whole lot of information for the money. 
Well-presented, simple and above all, short. Covers "What is the 
Internet?", terms, UNIX basics, e-mail, Usenet, FTP, rlogin and telnet, 
finger, archie, gopher and veronica. Easy-to-follow examples. They'll sell 
you just one, but the book is primarily intended to be sold to service 
providers and distributed to their users.

~Title: Internet Quickstart
Author: Mary Ann Pike and Tod G. Pike
Publisher: Que
ISBN: 1-56529-658-3
Price: $21.99
Pages: 387
Published: March 1994
For more information: 800-428-5331 or 317-581-3500
Thanks for the info: Connie Marijs <otsgroup@pop.knoware.nl>
Notes: A series of quick tutorials, this book explains Internet basics to 
absolute beginners. Lots of extras - like buzzword definitions, tips, and 
warnings - help users get more from this premier online service. Task 
oriented skill sessions cover topics such as log-on, E-Mail, database 
searches, Internet news and more.

~Title: The Internet Resource Quick Reference
Author: William Tolhurst and Mary Anne Pike
Publisher: Que
ISBN: 1-56529-748-2
Price: $17.99 USA, $23.96 CAN, #16.45 UK
Pages: 492
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Almost every bit of the information in this book is available online 
for free, don't waste your money. Contains a list of USENET news groups, a 
list of publicly accessible mailing lists, a list of online FTP sites and 
other resources, Scott Yanoff's list of online resources and the Inter-
Network Mail Guide. 

~Title: The Internet Roadmap
Author: Bennett Falk
Publisher: Sybex
ISBN: 0-7821-1365-6
Price: $12.99
Pages: 263
Published: 1994
Thanks for the info: David M. Stevenson <david@dms.muc.de>
Notes: David M. Stevenson says, "This book is written by someone who is 
concerned that the reader get a good grasp of the Internet system quickly. 
In my case he succeeded; and what he can do for me, he can do for you!" I 
say: This book is a winner. It explains the basics of the Internet in a 
clear and concise style. Covers the tools for reading Usenet news, doing e-
mail, using FTP, gopher and WorldWideWeb. Doesn't get into the newer, 
funkier tools too much. It's an easy read and doesn't get bogged down in 
esoteric, dull stuff. I even like the cover.

~Title: Internet shouyouka ni mukete (CIX) (Feasibility Reserch for 
Commercial Internet in Japan)
Language: Japanese
Author: SI Division
Publisher: Toppan
ISBN: 4-8101-8907-4
Price: 1600 Yen (Around $16)
Pages: 142
Published: November 1993
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: Hideyuki Matsushima (hideyuki@apic.or.jp)
Notes: This is the first and only book on commercial Internet service in 
Japan. Published as research report, its purpose is to clarify Internet 
status in the United States and business feasibility study on CIX in Japan. 
Coverage includes: What is Internet and its historical story in the US, 
Structure of commercial service in Internet, Image of commercial Internet 
in Japan. Report covers the feasibility of Internet withing various 
regulated Japanese environments. It is must-read book for companies in 
Japan wishing enter the Internet business.

~Title: Internet Slick Tricks
Author: Alfred and Emily Glossbrenner
Publisher: Random House
ISBN: 0-679-75611-6
Price: $16.00
Pages: 262
Published: 1994
For more information: ? 
Notes: If you've been on the Internet forever (or at least for a couple 
months) and you think you know it all, pick up Internet Slick tricks. I bet 
you'll learn something new. This slim guide will show you hundreds of tips 
and tricks on using the Internet. It's readable and honest and full of 
fascinating facts on decoding graphic images, using Archie, finding info 
online and much more. One of my favorites.

~Title: Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh
Author: Adam Engst
Publisher: Hayden Books
ISBN: 1-56830-064-6
Price: $29.95
Pages: 640
Goodies: Mac floppy disk filled with great software and free connect time
Published: 2nd ed., 1994
For more information: tisk@tidbits.com
Notes: I used to think that this was absolutely the best Internet book for 
Macintosh users that was ever - or could ever be - written. Then, the 
second edition came out and proved me wrong. This book claims to be 
"everything you need to get on the Internet" and it delivers: everything 
from the software you'll need to get connected, to 1,000 pages of copious 
knowledge. This is a fun, enlightening, excellent book. If you own a Mac 
and are on the Internet (or want to connect) this is the one to get.

~Title: Internet Starter Kit for Windows
Author: Adam Engst, Corwin Low and Michael Simon
Publisher: Hayden Books
ISBN: 1-56830-094-8
Price: $29.95
Pages: 600
Goodies: Disk containing a limited version of Chameleon, WinVN news reader, 
Eudora and WSgopher and free connect time 
Published: 1994
For more information: iskw@tidbits.com
Notes: This book is an excellent resource dedicated to Microsoft Windows 
users. It isn't quite as strong as The Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh 
but is nonetheless a wonderful guide for teaching Windows users about the 
Internet and getting them online. It contains all the software you need to 
get online and explains how to use it. The book's resource listings, list 
of newsgroups, glossary and PDIAL and nixpub lists are perhaps too thorough 
- they take up about half the book.

~Title: Internet System Handbook
Author: Danial Lynch and Marshall Rose
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-56741-5
Price: $54.95
Pages: ?
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: Essays by people involved with the Internet. Strong on protocols, 
weak on direction. The book is divided into four parts. The first section 
deals with an historical and organizational background to the Internet. The 
second section, written by the people who built the Internet, deals with 
technical aspects of the major protocols and applications of the Internet. 
Part three, "Infrastructure," covers issues not centrally relevant to the 
operation of the Internet, but supporting its use: network performance and 
management, backbone and node tools, directory services and operational 
security. The bibliographic information contained in the book overall might 
be worth the price alone. Quarterman's contribution is carefully and fully 
researched and well organized. It includes not only texts, but periodicals 
and online sources as well.

~Title: The Internet Unleashed
Author: Steve Bang, Martin Moore, Rick Gates, et al.
Publisher: Sams Publishing
ISBN: 0-672-30466-X
Price: $44.95
Pages: 1,380
Goodies: 1 PC-format HD disk. (Macintosh users can mail in an enclosed 
coupon to receive a disk with similar Mac software for a nominal shipping 
and handling fee.)
Published: April 1994 
Notes: This book is a huge tome, weighing in with 62 chapters plus 7 
appendices. It is co-written by a zillion authors, and falls in the 
"everything you could possibly ever want to know about the Internet" 
category, with blanket coverage of accessing the 'net from different types 
of home computers, networks and with high-speed connections. This book 
covers just about every Internet topic you can think of, from security to 
MUDs, from doing business on the 'net to copyright issues and problems.

~Title: The Internet via Moaisc and WorldWideWeb
Author: Steve Browne
Publisher: Ziff-Davis Press
ISBN: 1-56276-259-1
Price: $29.95
Pages: 156
Published: September 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Internet: Werkzeuge und Dienste - von Archie bis World Wide Web
Author: M. Scheller, K.-P. Boden, A. Geenen, J. Kampermann
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
ISBN: 3-540-57968-0
Price: DM 49,-
Pages: 370
Published: July 1994
Language: German
For more Information: boden@ask.uni-karlsruhe.de
Notes: A basic Internet primer for beginners, in German. First, the 
Internet's history is handled in a short introduction and some essential 
terms are pointed out. Subsequently all of the major tools are explained. 
The book is finished with `the sweets`, a list of different Internet 
services Parts of the book are available via the World Wide Web at: 
http://www.ask.uni-karlsruhe.de/books/inetwd.html 

~Title: 1994 Internet White Pages
Author: Seth Godin & James S. McBride
Publisher: IDG Books
ISBN: 1-56884-300-3
Price: $29.95
Pages: ?
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: A thick book listing about 100,000 e-mail addresses. (Although that 
may seem like a lot, it's not very comprehensive.) Addresses are listed by 
last name and are also indexed by Internet domain name. This book may be 
useful for finding associates' e-mail addresses, but is probably no more 
useful than using one of the many 'net-based e-mail-address search 
utilities. The book is unevenly edited (I'm in there three times!) and was 
woefully out of date before the ink was dry.

~Title: Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume I - Principles, Protocols and 
Architecture
Author: Douglas Comer
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-468505-4
Price: $57.00
Pages: 576
Published: 1991
For more information: ftp to prenhall.com
Notes: Written by a leading expert in TCP/IP, this book explains general 
principles of computer communications combined with updated examples from 
te TCP/IP protocol suite. Includes overviews of existing technologies, 
descriptions of basic services and application-level services on the 
Internet.

~Title: Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume II - Design, Implementtion and 
Internals
Author: Douglas Comer and David Stevens
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-125527-4
Price: $50.00
Pages: 640
Published: 1994
For more information: ftp to prenhall.com
Notes: A must for anyone working with the TCP/IP protocol suite. Discusses 
the protocols in light of design alternatives, decisions and implementation 
techniques. Contains source code for many protocols, including ARPT, TCP, 
IP and SNMP.

~Title: Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume III - Client-Server Programming 
and Applications for the AT&T TLI Version
Author: Douglas Comer and David Stevens
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: ?
Price: $50.00
Pages: 508.00
Published: 1994
For more information: ftp to prenhall.com
Notes: Covers design of software that operates in an Internet environment. 
Focuses on the client-server paradigm, answering the question, "How can 
applications be designed that use TCP/IP?"

~Title: Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume III - Client-Server Programming 
and Applications for the BSD Socker Version
Author: Douglas Comer and David Stevens
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-474222-2
Price:  $51.00
Pages: 528 p
Published: 1993
For more information: ftp to prenhall.com
Notes: Covers design of software that operates in an Internet environment. 
Focuses on the client-server paradigm, answering the question, "How can 
applications be designed that use TCP/IP?"

~Title: The Internet Yellow Pages
Author: Harley Hahn and Rick Stout
Publisher: Osborne Publishing (McGraw Hill)
ISBN: 0-07-882023-5
Price: $27.95
Pages: 447
Published: 1994
Notes: The Internet Yellow Pages strives to be an unmatched subject-
oriented index to the Internet's resources, a lofty goal given the number 
of competing indexes available. Hahn and Stout do it right - this book is a 
resource that long-time Internet addicts and new users will enjoy equally 
well. Organization is intuitive and consistent. Although it does not point 
you to as many online resources as some other directories, the ones it 
points to tend to be high-quality and truly interesting sites to visit. 
Well-researched and well-indexed.

~Title: Introducing the Internet: A Trainer's Workshop
Author: Lee David Jaffe
Publisher: Library Solutions Press
ISBN: 1-882208-03-X (book alone) or 1-882208-05-6 (with diskettes)
Price: $30.00 ($45.00 with diskettes)
Pages: 92
Published: 1994
For more information: (510) 841-2636 or alipow@library.berkeley.edu
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: The 2nd in a series of supplements to "Crossing the Internet 
Threshold. Based on trainer's handouts and script. A guide for trainers 
whose audience is made up of pre-Internet users.

~Title: The LAN Times E-mail Resource Guide
Author: Rik Drummond and Nancy Cox 
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 0-07-X82052-9.
Price: $29.95
Pages: 368
Published: 1994
For more information: (800) 227-0900
Notes: 

~Title: Libraries and the Internet/NREN: Perspectives, Issues and Challenges
Author: Charles McClure et al
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-824-7
Price: $25
Pages: 500
Published: March 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: This major study identifies key factors within the library and 
larger environments that will affect libraries' involvement in national 
networking policies.

~Title: Mac Internet Tour Guide
Author: Michael Fraase
Publisher: Ventana Press
ISBN: 1-56604-062-0
Price: $27.95
Pages: 286
Goodies: Mac floppy disk with a bit useful software. Periodic updates via 
e-mail. One month of free online time from MRNet.
Published: 1993
For more information: dilennox@aol.com or FTP to ftp.farces.com
Notes: This book (with floppy disk) for Macintosh users helps newcomers get 
online and get acquainted with graphical Internet software "Fetch" and 
"Eudora".

~Title: Making Money on the Internet
Author: Alfred Glossbrenner
Publisher: McGraw Hill
ISBN: 0-07-024050-7
Price: $19.95
Pages: ?
Published: 1994
For more information: 70007.1531@compuserve.com or (800) 352-3566
Notes: Ad copy says: "Tips and tricks for using the Net's vast resources to 
sell goods and services."

~Title: Managing Internet Information Services
Author: Liu, Peek and Jones
Publisher: O'Reilly and Asscoiates
ISBN: 1-56592-062-7
Price: $29.95
Pages: 400
Published: December 1994
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: A guide to creating Web, gopger, FTP, WAIS and other Internet 
servers.

~Title: Managing Internetworks with SNMP
Author: Mark Miller
Publisher: M&T
ISBN: ?
Price: $44.95
Pages: 472
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Managing uucp and Usenet
Author: Tim O'Reilly and Grace Todino
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 0-937175-93-5
Price: 27.97
Pages: 342
Published: 10th priting, 1992
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: Intended for system administrators who need to set up and maintain 
UUCP connections or access Usenet, the book realizes that in the UNIX world 
many sysadmins are just plain folks. The necessary technical details are 
here, but presented in a logical and non-threatening manner.

~Title: The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide
Author: John S. Quarterman
Publisher: Digital Press
ISBN: 0-13-565607-9
Price: $50.00
Pages: 746
Published: 1990
For more information: ?
Notes:

~Title: MORE Internet for Dummies
Author: John Levine & Carol Baroudi
Publisher: IDG Books
ISBN: 1-56884-164-7
Price: $19.95
Pages: 430
Published: July 1994
For more information: (415) 312-0650 or midummies@iecc.com
Notes: Blurb from the author: "Intended as a follow-on to the best selling 
"Internet for Dummies", includes in-depth looks at commercial on-line 
providers including Delphi, AOL and UNIX shell providers. Also SLIP/PPP 
access including how to get and install, Trumpet Winsock, Trumpet, WinVN, 
Eudora, WinQVTnet, WSFTP, etc., and an expanded resource list featuring 
newer gopher and WWW servers."

~Title: The Mosaic Handbook for Microsoft Windows
Author: Dale Dougherty & Richard Koman
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-094-5
Price: $29.95
Pages: 200
Goodies: floppy disk containing Enhanced NCSA Mosaic for Windows
Published: October 1994
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: 

~Title: The Mosaic Handbook for the Macintosh
Author: Dale Dougherty & Richard Koman
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-096-1
Price: $29.95
Pages: 170
Goodies: floppy containing Enhanced NCSA Mosaic for Macintosh
Published: October 1994
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: 

~Title: The Mosaic Handbook for the X Window System
Author: Dale Dougherty, Richard Koman, & Paula Ferguson
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56292-095-3
Price: $29.95
Pages: 200
Goodies: CD-ROM containing NCSA Mosaic for X
Published: October 1994
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: 

~Title: Mosaic Quick Tour
Author: Gareth Branwyn
Publisher: Ventana
ISBN: 1-56604-195-3 (Mac edition), 1-56604-194-5 (Windows edition)
Price: $12
Pages: 175
Goodies: disk (Mac or Windows)
Published: 1994
For more information: 800/743-5369
Notes: Ad says: Gives readers a fundamental understanding of Mosaic and the 
Web, as well as hands-on instruction for locating, downloading, installing 
and using the software to explore both Web and non-Web sites. Also teaches 
users how to create their own customized Web site.

~Title: Mosaic Users Guide
Author: Bryan Pfaffenberger
Publisher: MIS Press
ISBN: 1-55828-409-5
Price: $24.95
Pages: 350
Goodies: disk w/ Chameleon software for Windows
Published: 1994
For more information: 74044.3007@compuserve.com, (212) 886-9389 (voice), 
(212) 807-6654 (fax)
Notes: 

~Title: Navigating the Internet
Author: Mark Gibbs & Richard Smith
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: 0-672-30362-0
Price: $24.95
Pages: 500
Published: 1993
For more information: 800-428-5331 or 317-581-3500
Notes: 

~Title: Navigating the Internet, Deluxe Edition
Author: Richard Smith and Mark Gibbs
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: 0-672-30485-6
Price: $29.95
Pages: 640
Goodies: 1 PC-format HD disk. (Macintosh users can mail in an coupon to 
receive a Mac disk with similar software for a nominal shipping and 
handling fee) and one month free connect time
Published: April 1994
For more information: 800-428-5331 or 317-581-3500
Notes: Nearly identical to Navigating the Internet (above) except it 
includes a disk with Internet Software for Microsoft Windows and a few 
extra chapters: "A Better Window on the Web: Mosaic", "Using the Internet 
for Business", as well as versions of the online references Gopher Jewels 
and PDIAL. I suppose it's worth the extra five bucks for this book versus 
the vanilla Navigating the Internet, especially if you use Windows and need 
the software.

~Title: The Net After Dark
Author: Lamont Wood
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0-471-10347-0
Price: $16.95
Pages: 352
Published: November 1994
For more information: 1-800-US-WILEY
Notes: Ad says: The Underground Guide to the Coolest, the Newest, and the 
Most Bizarre Hangouts on the Internet, CompuServe, AOL, Delphi, and More

~Title: netgames
Author: Michael Wolff
Publisher: Random House
ISBN: ?
Price: $19.00
Pages: 272
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Games on the Internet.

~Title: Netguide
Author: Peter Rutten, Albert Bayers III & Kelly Moloni
Publisher: Random House
ISBN: 0-679-75106-8
Price: $19.00
Pages: 384
Published: 1994
For more information: (800) 345-8112
Thanks for the info: Educom newsletter
Notes: As the "TV Guide of Cyberspace," this book provides pointers by 
subjects to Internet sites, USENET newsgroups, and commercial resources 
(CompuServe, American Online, etc.) It proves that there's something for 
everyone somewhere out in the electronic world.

~Title: Netiquette
Author: Virginia Shea
Publisher: Albion Books
ISBN: 0-9637025-1-3
Price: $19.95
Pages: 154
Published: 1994
For more information: info@albion.com
Notes: This slim book does an excellent job of helping those new to 
Cyberspace learn the basic tenants of network etiquette, or "netiquette". 
It's easy to read and loaded with interesting real-life examples. Chapters 
cover netiquette of e-mail and of discussion groups as well as providing 
excellent netiquette guidelines for business, home and school use. 
Particularly useful sections cover Electronic Style (looking good online, 
tone of voice and signature files) and the "core rules" of the online 
world. One chapter covers copyright issues and another the etiquette of e-
mail privacy. There's even a tiny chapter on "Love & Sex in Cyberspace". 
This book should be required reading for anyone collecting their Internet 
Learner's Permit. (You can retrieve a brief excerpt from Netiquette: "The 
Core Rules of Netiquette" by sending e-mail to netiquette-
request@albion.com with the words "archive send core" in the subject line.)

~Title: NetPages
Publisher: Aldea Communications
ISBN: none listed
Price: Free
Pages: ~200
Published: 1994 (updated twice a year)
For more information: 619-943-0101 or e-mail to info@aldea.com
Notes: Of the various Internet White and Yellow pages books out there, this 
one looks and acts the most like a "real" telephone book: personal listings 
of your name and e-mail address are free, advertising space in the yellow 
pages section is available for a fee, and the book itself it distributed 
for free. With only a few thousand names in the first edition, this listing 
is hardly the most complete, but it only contains information about people 
who choose to be listed.

~Title: NetPower: Resource Guide to Online Computer Services
Author: Persson, Eric
Publisher: Fox Chapel Publishing
ISBN: 1-56523-031-0
Price: $39.95 + $3.00 shipping
Pages: 774
Published: 1993
For more information: netpower1@aol.com, 1-800-457-9112
Notes: All I know is what their catalog says: The most exciting section of 
this guide is devoted to the Internet. Netpower includes a primer and 
tutorial on using the network, information on getting started and 
navigating with Internet tools, and hundreds of Internet accessible 
resources with contact information and descriptions. The guide will point 
you in the direction of millions of megabytes of information all yours free 
for the downloading around the Internet.

~Title: net.speak - the Internet Dictionary
Author: Tom Fahey
Publisher: Hayden Books
ISBN: 1-56830-095-6
Price: $12.95
Pages: 250
Published: August, 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Network and Distributed Systems Management
Author: Morris Sloman, editor
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-62745-0
Price: $50.50
Pages: 650
Published: 1994
For more information: awbook@aw.com or (800) 822-6339.
Notes: From the publicist: "Networks and distributed computer systems are 
becoming critical to the functioning of many organizations. As these 
systems become larger and more complex the issue of how to manage them 
becomes more and more difficult. A complete reference on network management 
for network engineers, managers, lecturers and trainers." Topics include 
monitoring distributed systems, security, specifications and underlying 
technologies. Quality information, heavy on theory, reads like a text book.

~Title: Network and Internetwork Security
Author: Willian Stallings
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: ?
Price: $55.00
Pages: 462
Published: ?
For more information: ?
Notes: Provides an overview of security threats, mechanisms and services. 
Details security principals such as conventional encryption and 
confidentiality, public-key cryptology, authentication and digital 
signatures, viruses and worms.

~Title: Networks and Network Services - A User's Guide
Author: Frances Blomeley
Publisher: Immediate Publishing
ISBN: 1-898931-00-3
Price: #14.95 pounds sterling ($25.95 US)
Pages: 246
Published: May 1994
For more information: +44 (273) 748427
Notes: A broad overview of most aspects of networks and network services
from a U.K. user's perspective.

~Title: The New Hacker's Dictionary
Author: Edited by Eric Raymond and Guy L. Steele
Publisher: MIT press 
ISBN: 0-262-68079-3
Price: 14.95
Pages: 453
Published: 2nd edition, 1994.
For more information: (800) 356-0343 or (617) 625-8481
Notes: The New Hacker's Dictionary is a great book for learning about the 
various slang, jargon and customs and folklore of the 'net (as well as 
other lairs of the hacker.) Very silly and highly recommended. You can get 
it for free online (The Jargon File) at //www.ccil.org/jargon/jargon.html, 
but the bound book makes great bathroom reading and contains silly cartoons 
and stuff.

~Title: New Riders' Official Internet Yellow Pages
Author: Christine Maxwell and Czeslaw Jan Grycz
Publisher: New Riders Publishing
ISBN: 1-56205-306-X
Price: $29.95
Pages: 877
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
This huge book covers vast ground in its 900-plus pages. Although the 
quantity is there, the quality isn't exceptional: it is rather unevenly 
edited. Some of the listings seem to be listed by name rather than subject 
and many items are listed in multiple places, artifically inflating the 
size of the book. This index is unique in that it contains listings of some 
commercial services available via the Internet, such as DIALOG. Icons 
differentiate the free resources from the costly ones. 

~Title: On Internet '94: An International Title and Subject Guide to 
Electronic Journals, Newsletters, Texts, Discussion Lists, and Other 
Resources on the Internet
Author: Internet World Magazine
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-929-4
Price: $45.00
Pages: 500
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: "Your guide to the full range of Internet-accessible data files - 
from artificial intelligence to women's studies, from space exploration to 
rock music, from environment studies to AIDS research." Nearly 6,000 
mailing lists, electronic journals, archives, etc.

~Title: The Online User's Encyclopedia: Bulletin Boards and Beyond.
Author: Bernard Aboba
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-62214-9
Price: $32.95
Pages: 806
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: Gayle Keresey (aflgayle@aol.com)
Notes: Comprehensive compendium of information and guide to bulletin boards 
and the computer networks they are connected to. First edition of this book 
was a manual for the BMUG BBS. Indispensable guide to connecting your modem 
to the world.

~Title: The Online World
Author: Odd de Presno and Mike Weaver
Publisher: Productive Publications
ISBN: 0-920847-89-7
Price: $47.00 (US and CND)
Pages: 300
Published: 1994
For more information: Fax:1-416-322-7434. Email: Iain.Williamson@CANREM.COM
Notes: 

~Title: OPAC Directory 1994
Author: Mecklermedia
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-962-6
Price: $70
Pages: 500
Published: May 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: A detailed listing of dial-in online public access catalogs and 
databases. Includes Accessing Online Bibliographic Databases, the annotated 
list of 700+ Internet-accessible OPACs. 

~Title: Open Systems Networking: TCP/IP & OSI
Author: David Piscitello and Lyman Chapin
Publisher: Addison-Wedlet
ISBN: ?
Price: $46.96
Pages: 624
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Explains OSI options for systems administrators working with TCP/IP.

~Title: PC Internet Tour Guide
Author: Michael Fraase
Publisher: Ventana Press
ISBN: 1-56604-084-1
Price: $24.95
Pages: 284
Goodies: PC floppy disk with useful software. Two periodic updates via e-
mail. One month of free online time from MRNet.
Published: 1994
For more information: dilennox@aol.com
Notes: This book (with floppy disk) for MS-DOS users helps newcomers get 
online and take their first steps on the 'net. Fraase first wrote the Mac 
Internet Tour Guide, and this book seems more like an afterthought than a 
follow-up. Chapters cover obligatory topics like What is the Internet, 
Getting Connected, Network News, Transferring Files, Using Gopher and Other 
Internet Resources. The book's organization leaves something to be desired: 
talk of telnet, FAQs and Netfind (hardly unimportant topics) are lumped 
together in the "Other Resources" chapter near the back of the book. The 
book includes some interesting real-life examples and ideas for things to 
do online, but too much (for my taste) focuses on how to set up and use the 
bundled software.

~Title: Planet Internet
Author: Steve Rimmer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 0-07-053015-7
Price: $24.95
Pages: 315
Published: 1994
For more information: 
http://uunorth.north.net:8000/alchemy/html/alchemy.html or 
70007.1531@compuserve.com or (800) 352-3566
Notes: Ad copy says: "The first irreverent book on exploring this 
electronic subculture."

~Title: Pocket Guides to the Internet: Volume 1 - Telnetting
Author: Mark Veljkov & George Hartnell
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-943-X
Price: $7
Pages: 64
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes:

~Title: Pocket Guides to the Internet: Volume 2 - Transferring Files with 
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Author: Mark Veljkov & George Hartnell
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-944-8
Price: $7
Pages: 64
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Pocket Guides to the Internet: Volume 3 - Using and Navigating 
Usenet
Author: Mark Veljkov & George Hartnell
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-945-6
Price: $7
Pages: 64
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Pocket Guides to the Internet: Volume 4 - The Internet E-Mail System
Author: Mark Veljkov & George Hartnell
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-946-4
Price: $7
Pages: 64
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Pocket Guides to the Internet: Volume 5 - Basic Internet Utilities
Author: Mark Veljkov & George Hartnell
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-947-2
Price: $7
Pages: 64
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: ?

~Title: Pocket Guides to the Internet: Volume 6 - Terminal Connections
Author: Mark Veljkov & George Hartnell
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-948-0
Price: $7
Pages: 64
Published: 1994
Notes: 

~Title: Point and Click Internet
Author: Seth Godin
Publisher: PeachPit Press
ISBN: 1-56609-161-6
Price: $12.95 US, $17.95 CAN
Pages: 100
Goodies: America Online disk for Mac
Published: 1994
For more information: sethwood@aol.com or (510) 548-4393
Notes: A thin volume that shows how to access the Internet via America 
Online. Covers electronic mail (including mailing lists), gopher, 
newsgroups and netiquette. Despite its trim size, it is an interesting and 
valuable for the beginner, filled with lots of interesting tidbits.

~Title: Practical Internetworking with TCP/IP and UNIX
Author: Carl-Mitchell/Quarterman
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-58629-0
Price: $45.75
Pages: ?
Published: 1993
For more information: tic@tic.com
Notes: 

~Title: Realizing the Information Future: the Internet and Beyond
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academy Press
ISBN: ?
Price: $24.95
Pages: 301
Published: ?
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Riding the Internet Highway
Author: Sharon Fisher
Publisher: New Riders Publishing
ISBN: 1-56205-192-X
Price: $16.95
Pages: 266
Published: 1993
For more information: phyllis@prenhall.com 
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: Fisher shows admirable restraint in limiting the scope of this book. 
Where others try to produce "complete" documentation for the "whole" 
Internet, Fisher flatly states (correctly) that this is impossible. Where 
others try to take you "from the modem up," Fisher suggests you get some 
basic experience with local bulletin boards. The intent is to give desktop 
(PC and Mac) users some basic grounding in Internet functions and tools. As 
such, the book is much less imposing than most of the others of this ilk. 
(Cheaper, too.) For the majority of new users, however, this is a good, 
basic introduction. What shortcomings there are in specific information can 
be quickly filled in once a user has gotten onto the net. The very personal 
style here probably more than makes up for any other lacks--the Internet is 
primarily other people, not technologies.

~Title: SATURN: A Beginners Guide To Using the Internet
Author: Kyle Cassidy
Publisher: RCNJ Press
ISBN: ?
Price: $3
Pages: 110
Published: ?
For more information: cassidy@saturn.rowan.edu
Notes: This is the only Internet book that I know of that is specifically 
for VAX/VMS users (you poor things.) The manual is somewhat specific for 
our VAX 4000, but it can be used by anyone who is netting with VMS. It's 
also available online for free, FTPable from: 
gboro.rowan.edu:/pub/Saturn_Guide

~Title: sendmail 
Author: Bryan Costales
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-056-2
Price: $32.95
Pages: 830
Published: 3rd printing Sep 1994
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: While not strictly an Internet book, this tome focuses on one thing: 
the UNIX program sendmail, which is a huge part of how electronic mail 
moves around on the Internet. Mainly for system administrators, the book 
shows how to use every function, mode and mood of sendmail to get your e-
mail where it's going. A great, if single-minded, book.

~Title: Sesame pour Internet
Language: French
Author: Tracy Laquey, translated by Olivier Saint-Leger and Jean-Baptiste 
Su
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN:2-87908-083-5
Price: ?
Pages: 242
Published: October 1994
For more information: jbsu@attmail.com
Notes: French version of Internet Companion, 2nd ed.

~Title: The Simple Book: an introduction to Internet management
Author: Marshall Rose
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13177-254-6
Price: $55.00
Pages: 456
Published: 2nd ed, 1994
Thanks for the info: John Stidd
Notes: John says: This book covers the Simple Network Management Protocol 
(SNMP), which is used to do net management of TCP/IP networks, including 
the Internet. The book is outstanding, but probably not of interest to a 
general Internet audience.

~Title: The Smiley Dictionary
Author: Seth Godin
Publisher: Peachpit Press
ISBN: 1-56609-008-3
Price: $6.95
Pages: 96
Published: ?
For more information: ?
Notes: Illustrates more than 200 smileys :-)

~Title: smileys
Author: Lesley Strother
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-041-4
Price: ?
Pages: 595
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Notes: A collection of 650 "smileys". While not an Internet book per se, 
smileys are certainly used enough on the Internet to warrant an entry here. 
:-)

~Title: Success with Internet
Author: Allen L. Wyatt
Publisher: Jamsa Press
ISBN: 1-884133-01-0
Price: $29.95
Pages: 421
Goodies: inlcudes 60-page booklet "Navigating the Internet" 
Published: 1994
For more information: 800/628-8280
Thanks for the info: LOEB.JEFFREY_L@san-diego.va.gov
Notes:

~Title: 10 Minute Guide to the Internet
Author: Peter Kent
Publisher: Alpha
ISBN: 1-56761-428-0
Price: $12.99 US, $16.99 CAN
Pages: 162
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: A terse introduction to the Internet, how to get online and how to 
navigate using UNIX, e-mail, FTP, archie, WAIS, WWW, gopher, telnet and 
Usenet. For the rank beginner. Divided into 20 or so "ten-minute" lessons. 
Does a fair job, considering its brevity, but is too short to serve as a 
thorough introduction. Slanted to Microsoft Windows users accessing a UNIX 
host.

~Title: TCP/IP and Related Protocols
Author: Uyless Black
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
ISBN: ?
Price: $49.00
Pages: 400
Published: ?
For more information: ?
Notes: Explains the TCP/IP suite, gateway standards (GGP. EGP, RIP, etc.)

~Title: TCP/IP: Architecture, Protocols and Implementation
Author: Sidnie Felt
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
ISBN: ?
Price: $45.00
Pages: 466
Published: ?
For more information: ?
Notes: Covers protocols plus additional services and products: NFS, NIS, 
BIND, ARP, RIP, KERBEROS, SNMP, etc. Discusses hoe to invoke network 
services, plan name/address structure, troubleshoot, connect via bridges 
and routers.

~Title: The TCP/IP Companion
Author: Martin Arick
Publisher: QED
ISBN: ?
Price: $29.95
Pages: 240
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Describes the OSI Reference Modem, related protocols and how to use 
them to interact with hosts.

~Title: TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1, The Protocols
Author: W. Richard Stevens
Publisher: Addison Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-63346-9
Price: $47.50
Pages: 576
Published: 1994
For more information: 
ftp://aw.com/aw.prof.comp.series/stevens.tcpipiv1.info.tar.Z (this contains 
Preface, Table of Contents, and a sample chapter in PostScript and ASCII.)
Thanks for the info: Bob Stein <stein@gcomm.com> and Robert Slade 
<ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: Bob says: This textbook is the best way to understand the nuts and 
bolts of TCP/IP the Internet's networking protocols. Great figures, 
diagrams, tables, and other references. (No volume 2 yet.) Robert says: 
Great text for the protocols of TCP/IP (illustrated by examples from a real 
network.)

~Title: TCP/IP Network Administration
Author: Craig Hunt
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 0-937175-82-X
Price: $29.95
Pages: 472
Published: 1992
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: Describes how to set up and administer a network of UNIX systems 
using the TCP/IP protocols. Includes basics of what the protocols are, how 
to get connected and configure the system, sendmail configuration, setting 
up an anonymous FTP server, name service, routing and troubleshooting and 
security.

~Title: TCP/IP for the Internet
Author: marshall Breeding
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-980-4
Price: ?
Pages: ?
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: TCP/IP: Running a Successful Network
Author: K. Washburn/J.T. Evans
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
ISBN: ?
Price: $44.95
Pages: 537
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days
Author: ?
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: ?
Price: ?
Pages: ?
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Teach Yourself the Internet: Around the World in 21 Days
Author: Neil Randall
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: 0-672-30519-4
Price: $27.00
Pages: 700
Published: July 1994
For more information: 800-428-5331 or 317-581-3500 or 
http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/ENGL/nrandall/tyi.html
Thanks for the info: Connie Marijs <otsgroup@knoware.nl>
Notes: A well-organized tutorial that shows, in a topic oriented (not tool-
oriented) fashion how to find information online. If you're interested in 
reading (or publishing) an online magazine, it shows you where to go for 
the goods on Usenet, in mailing lists and on WWW. If you're looking for a 
job, the authors show you not only how to find job listings online, but how 
to use the 'net to reserach prospective employers and find international 
job sources. It also covers lots of ground in education, art, entertainment 
and business. Even if you've been on the 'net for years, this book can show 
you corners of the 'net you've never imagined.

~Title: Total SNMP
Author: Harnedy
Publisher: CBM Books
ISBN: 1-878956-33-7
Price: $45
Pages: ?
Published: 1994
For more information: books@propress.com
Notes: 

~Title: The Traveler's Guide to the Information Highway
Author: Dylan Tweney
Publisher: Ziff Davis Press
ISBN: 1-56276-206-0
Price: $24.95
Pages: 139
Published: June 1994
For more information: 72241.443@compuserve.com or 800/688-0448
Notes: A guide to the Internet, CompuServe, Prodigy, America Online, 
Delphi, GEnie, and ZiffNet for CompuServe, this book is the first of its 
kind to feature real maps of each service, making it exceptionally easy to 
navigate the on-line world. Colorful but hard to read. There are also easy-
to-follow instructions for using each one, plus tips, shortcuts, and 
pointers to the best and most interesting features. Interesting stuff, but 
seems to favor the online services featuring ZiffNet online. I wonder 
why...

~Title: Troubeshooting TCP/IP
Author: Mark A. Miller
Publisher: ?
ISBN: ?
Price: $44.95
Pages: 588
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: The Usenet Handbook
Author: Mark Harrison
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-101-1
Price: $24.95
Pages: 250
Published: December 1994
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: A user's guide to netnews

~Title: Usenet: Netnews for Everyone
Author: Jenny A. Fristrup
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-123167-7
Price: $24.95 US, $32.95 CAN
Pages: 386
Goodies: 5 hours of Usenet access via a Missouri service provider
Published: June 1994
For more information: orders@prenhall.com
Notes: A guide to accessing and using Usenet newsgroups. Includes a decent 
(but short) introduction to Usenet, including info on the Usenet community 
and conventions. The majority of the book is a list of Usenet newsgroups 
and the FAQs that live in each - information that can easily be found 
online at no cost. It also reprints several general Usenet introductions 
that are also available online for free. Doesn't cover rot13 or how to 
decode binary files. In short, not the best way to spend your money.

~Title: Using Mosaic
Author: Mary Anne Pike
Publisher: Que
ISBN: ?
Price: $24.95
Pages: 390
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Using Mosaic for Windows
Author: Stephen Gauer
Publisher: Electric Avenue Press
ISBN: 0-9698853-0-X
Price: $19.95
Pages: 100
Goodies: DOS-based disk: catalog of WWW sites
Published: 1994
For more information: electric@wimsey.com
Notes: 

~Title: Using the Internet
Author: William A. Tolhurst, Mary Ann Pike & Keith A. Blanton
Publisher: Que
ISBN: 1-56529-353-3
Price: $39.95
Pages: 1188
Goodies: DOS disk
Published: Jan. 1994
For more information: tpike@pittslug.sug.org
Thanks for the info: Gayle Keresey (aflgayle@aol.com)
Notes: Introduction to, structure of, and history of the Internet. Finding 
and using resources, legal considerations, features and services, and tools 
and technology.

~Title: Using the World Wide Web
Author: Bill Eager
Publisher: Que
ISBN: ?
Price: $27.95
Pages: 648
Published: 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Computer Literacy Bookshops says: User friendly tutorial for the 
fastest-growing part of the Internet. Discusses WWW connections with Cello, 
Mosaic for Windows and Mac, and the new upcoming versions of Moasic. Most 
of it is dedicated to finding resources on the Web in areas of art, music, 
business, education, government and so on.

~Title: Using UUCP and Usenet
Author: Grade Todino and Dale Dougherty
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 0-937175-10-2
Price: $21.95
Pages: 194
Published: 1991
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: Shows users how to communicate with UNIX and non-UNIX systems using 
UUCP and cu' or tip', and how to read and post articles. Assumes UUCp is 
already running at your site.

~Title: WAIS and Gopher Servers: a guide for librarians and Internet end-
users
Author: Eric Lease Morgan
Publisher: Meckler
ISBN: 0-88736-932-4
Price: $30.00
Pages: 150
Published: March 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: The first book-length treatment of WAIS and Gopher servers.

~Title: Way of the Ferret - Finding Educational Resources on the Internet
Author: Judi Harris
Publisher: International Society for Technology in Education
ISBN: 1-56484-055-7
Price: $24.95 (ISTE members 22.45)
Pages: 209
Published: 1994
For more information: iste@oregon.uoregon.edu or 800/336-5191
Notes: Based on Judi Harris' popular Mining the Internet column in The 
Computing Teacher journal, Way of the Ferret is designed to help you 
acquire the knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to locate and use 
resources found on the Internet. Carefully developed analogies help users 
grasp basics of Telnet sessions, FTP file transfers, information location 
tools, file encryption, and discussion groups. Finally, 15 different types 
of educational telecomputing activities help you plan for integrating 
Internet resources into your students' academic explorations. 

~Title: Welcome to Internet - from Mystery to Mastery
Author: Tom Badgett & Corey Sandler
Publisher: MIS Press
ISBN: 1-55828-308-0
Price: $19.95, $27.00 CAN
Pages: 324
Published: 1993
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: Gayle Keresey (aflgayle@aol.com)
Notes: Introduction to the Internet and its resources and navigational 
tools. The strength of this book is the chapter entitled "Collecting 
souvenirs on the Internet" which details subjects and tells you exactly 
where and how to find information about those subjects on the net.

~Title: What's on the Internet
Author: Eric Gagnon
Publisher: PeachPit Press
ISBN: 1-56609-162-4
Price: $19.95 
Pages: 256
Goodies: Coupon for free on-disk index of Usenet groups by topic
Published: 1994
For more information: 510/548-4393
Notes: This book is an index of what's available on the Internet's 
newsgroups. It doesn't delve into any other Internet services. A more 
appropriate title for this book would be "What's on Usenet", because that's 
just what it is about. the bookjis arranged by subject matter and reviews 
about 1,600 of the most popular, world-wide newsgroups, giving honest 
opinions about what's on each, what's good and bad about them, and how 
popular each one is.

~Title: The Whole Earth Online Almanac
Author: Don Rittner
Publisher: Brady
ISBN: 1-56686-090-3
Price: $32.95
Pages: 540
Published: 1993 
Notes: Covers America Online, CompuServe, GEnie, The WELL, FidoNet, the 
Internet and CD-ROMs. Each subject area includes applicable forums and 
databases, network discussion lists and other online sources and CD-ROMs.

~Title: The Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog
Author: Ed Krol
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-063-5
Price: $24.95
Pages: 572
Published: 2nd edition, April 1994
For more information: info@ora.com
Notes: This book covers the basic utilities used to access the network and 
then guides users through the Internet's "databases of databases" to access 
the millions of files and thousands of archives available. It includes a 
resource index that covers a broad selection of approximately 300 important 
resources available on the Internet. The 2nd edition has been completely 
updated to reflect the development of new Internet tools, including Mosaic, 
MIME, tin, pine, xarchie and a greatly expanded resource catalog. Highly 
recommended.

~Title: Windows Internet Tour Guide
Author: Michael Frasse
Publisher: Ventana Press
ISBN: 1-56604-081-7
Price: $24.95
Pages: 344
Goodies: Windows disk. Two free electronic updates via e-mail. One month of 
free online time from MRNet.
Published: 1994
For more information: dilennox@aol.com
Notes: >

~Title: The World-Wide Web, Mosaic and More
Author: Jason J. Manger
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 0-07-709132-9
Price: $34.95, 23.95 UK sterling
Pages: 292
Goodies: Disk
Published: November 1994.
For more information: +44 (0)628 23432 (McGraw-Hill)
Notes: the author says: A book on Mosaic and the Web, covering many new 
areas such as publishing on the Net, detailed Common Gateway Interface 
scripting, fill-out-forms, HTML tutorials, software lists, Web-sites to 
visit, and much more besides. In summary, this is a novices guide to help 
people publish their work on the Internet using Mosaic

~Title: WorldWideWeb Unleashed
Author: A whole lot of em
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: ?
Price: $25
Pages: 1058
Published: November 1994
For more information: ?
Notes: Computer Literacy Bookshops says: Not only the largest book on the 
Web, but also the most complete. 300 pages cover fundamental concepts and 
individual wab browsers for different platforms. Covers navigation and 
searching techniques and list web sites by subject. Written by a team of 
WWW experts, the best part is the inclusion of details on technical 
information. Loads of information on designing & creating a web site, 
working with HTML editots and filters, creating forms and image mapping.

~Title: Your Internet Consultant - The FAQs of Life Online
Author: Kevin M. Savetz
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: 0-672-30520-8
Price: $25 US $34.95 CAN
Pages: 550
Published: July 1994
For more information: 800-428-5331 or 317-581-3500
Notes: Your Internet Consultant - the FAQs of List Online (written by the 
author of this bibliography) provides simple, enlightening answers to 
hundreds (361, to be exact) of frequently asked questions about the 
Internet (as well as answers to a few questions that aren't frequently-
asked, but should be.) The book is arranged in a question-and-answer 
format, making it blissfully simple to find just the info you need. I think 
you'll find the book unique, useful and a little silly. For information and 
the table of contents, e-mail savetz@rahul.net with the words "send YIC" in 
the SUBJECT line.

~Title: Zen & the Art of Internet
Author: Brendan Kehoe
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-121492-6
Price: $23.95
Pages: 193
Published: 3rd ed., Jan. 1994
For more information: (515) 284-6751 or phyllis@prenhall.com
Thanks for the info: matisse@well.sf.ca.us (J Matisse Enzer)
Notes: This guide should give you a reference to consult if you're curious 
about what can be done with the Internet. It also presents the fundamental 
topics that are all too often assumed and considered trivial by many 
network users. It covers the basic utilities and information reaching other 
networks. An earlier, much less comprehensive version is available via FTP; 
see previous section. Matisse Enzer says: Very friendly general overview 
book. Not really a how-to book, rather a Cultural Companion that explain 
what each type of Internet resource is, as well as the cultural and 
traditional uses and issues. Includes a chapter on "Things you will hear 
about..." this chapter explains many famous (and infamous) Internet events 
and entities.

~Title: !%@:: A Directory of Electronic Mail Addressing and Networks
Author: Donnalyn Frey & Rick Adams
Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
ISBN: 1-56592-046-5
Price: $9.95
Pages: 640
Published: 4th ed, June 1994
For more information: 800-998-9938 or info@ora.com
Thanks for the info: Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca>
Notes: This book is a reference work. It details the various computer 
networks with gateways to the Internet. It is common to cite such works as 
"indispensable": in fact, most users, and even site managers, muddle along 
quite happily without it. Quick reference "electronic" versions exist of 
very similar documents, which provide the addressing schemes for the more 
common network and commercial service gateways. Frey and Adams have, 
however, put together a very complete and interesting reference, and I do 
suggest it to anyone managing, or using, extensive e-mail correspondence. 
As a user of electronic mail, or the manager of a small Internet node or 
UUCP site, it would be hard to say that you "need" this book. If, however, 
you are at all interested in the topic of e-mail, you will find this 
fascinating and useful.

*** Upcoming titles {let me know if any of these are out yet!}
~Title: Complete Idiot's Guide to Mosaic
Author: Joe Kraynak
Publisher: Alpha
ISBN: 1-56761-588-0
Price: $16.99
Pages: 350
Goodies: 
Published: (to be released February 1995)
For more information: 
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: Complete Idiot's Guide to Usenet
Author: Paul McFredies
Publisher: Alpha
ISBN: 1-56761-592-9
Price: $16.95
Pages: 325
Goodies: 
Published: (to be released February 1995)
For more information: 
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: Complete Idiot's Guide to the WorldWideWeb
Author: Peter Kent
Publisher: Alpha
ISBN: 1-56761-542-2
Price: $19.95
Pages: 350
Goodies: ?
Published: (to be released December 1994)
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: Hands-on Mosaic: a Tutorial for Windows Users
Author: David Sachs and Henry Stair
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-172321-9
Price: $29.95
Pages: 358
Goodies: Chameleon sampler disk for Windows
Published: (to be released December 1994)
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: HTML Authoring for Fun and Profit
Author: Mary Morris
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-359290-1
Price: ?
Pages: 256
Goodies: CD-ROM
Published: to be released January 1995
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Inside the WorldWideWeb
Author: 
Publisher: New Riders Publishing
ISBN: 1-56205-412-0
Price: $45
Pages: 800
Goodies: ?
Published: (to be released December 1994)
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

Internet: A Parent's Guide by Karen Strudwick. Publisher says: "Cuts 
through the computerese to explain how you and your kids can use the 
Internet at school and at play. A handy resource to quickly finding your 
way around the vast knowledge banks of this international network of 
networks." 160 pages. ISBN 0-945264-17-8. $12.95 U.S. Coming in September 
1994. (Out yet?)

~Title: Internet Business Handbook
Author: Daniel Dern
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-185620-0
Price: ?
Pages: 350
Published: (to be released in 1995)
For more information: ?
Notes: 

Internet: Domain Administration - Vivian Neou: SRI International
ISBN 013-511180-3               04/94  (Out yet?)

~Title: Internet Mailing Lists Manager for Microsoft Windows Users
Author: Vivian Neou
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-193988-2
Price: ?
Pages: 600
Goodies: ?
Published: (to be released January 1995)
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: Internet Professional Reference
Author: 
Publisher: New Riders Publishing
ISBN: 1-56205-411-2
Price: $39.99
Pages: 1200
Goodies: ? 
Published: (to be released December 1994)
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

Internet Technology Series: Domain Name System - Paul Mockapetris
ISBN 013-106865-2               05/94  (Out yet?)

~Title: Movies, Music and Entertainment on the Net
Author: 
Publisher: Que
ISBN: 0-7897-0122-7
Price: $24.99
Pages: 480
Goodies: ?
Published: (to be released February 1995)
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: NCSA Mosaic Handbook
Author: Amy Kreiling and Frank Baker
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-196692-8
Price: ?
Pages: 250
Goodies: ?
Published: (to be released January 1995)
For more information: ?
Notes: 

~Title: net.sex
Author: Candi Rose & Dirk Thomas
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: 0-672-30702-2
Price: $19.99
Pages: 250
Published: 
For more information: (to be released February 1995)
Notes: Subtitled "Discreet Guide to the Adult Side of the Internet" it 
gives "Practical advice on how to access the "adult side of the Internet".

~Title: Plug-n-Play Internet
Author: Neil Randall
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: 0-672-30699-7
Price: $25
Pages: 500
Goodies: 
Published: 
For more information: (to be released February 1995)
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: Students' Guide to the Internet
Author: David Clark
Publisher: Alpha
ISBN: 1-56761-545-7
Price: $14.99
Pages: 350
Goodies: 
Published: (to be released February 1995)
For more information: 
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: Teach Yourself HTML Web Publishing
Author: Laura Lemay
Publisher: Sams
ISBN: 0-672-20667-0
Price: $25
Pages: 400
Goodies: 
Published: (to be released December 1994)
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: Usenet Starter Kit for Macintosh
Author: Don Ritter
Publisher: Hayden
ISBN: 1-56830-130-8
Price: $25
Pages: 350
Goodies: ?
Published: (to be released February 1995)
For more information: 
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: Using Gopher
Author: 
Publisher: Que
ISBN: 0-7897-0136-7
Price: $21.99
Pages: 416
Goodies: ?
Published: (to be released February 1995)
For more information: 
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

~Title: Using Usenet Newsgroups
Author: 
Publisher: Que
ISBN: 0-7897-0134-0
Price: $19.99
Pages: 350
Goodies: ?
Published: (to be released February 1995)
For more information: ?
Thanks for the info: 
Notes: 

*** Publisher/Ordering Information
Academic Press
     955 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139

Addison-Wesley
     Gopher: gopher aw.com
     E-mail: 74230.3622@compuserve.com
     Orders: 800-822-6339.

Albion Books
     E-mail: info@albion.com
     415-572-7666. Fax 415-752-5417

IDG Books Worldwide
     155 Bovet Road #310, San Mateo CA 94402
     Orders: 800-762-2974.

Library Solutions Press
     WWW:   http://www.internet-is.com/library/
     Email: library@internet-is.com
     Phone: 510-841-2636     Fax: 510-841-2926
     2137 Oregon Street, Berkeley, CA 94705.

Macmillan Computer Publishing (Prentice Hall, Sams, Hayden, New Riders, 
Que, Alpha.)
     Orders: 800-428-5331 or 317-581-3500
     E-mail: info@prenhall.com
     Gopher: gopher.prenhall.com

McGraw Hill
     70007.1531@compuserve.com
     800-352-3566.

Meckler Corporation
     11 Ferry Lane West, Westport, CT 06880
     203-226-6967. Fax: 203-545-5840

MIS Press
     74044.3007@compuserve.com,
     (212) 886-9389. Fax: (212) 807-6654

The MIT Press
     55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
     Phone orders: (800) 356-0343 or (617) 625-8569
     Customer service: (617) 625-8481
     E-mail orders: mitpress-orders@mit.edu
     E-mail inquiries: mitpress-order-inq@mit.edu
     Catalogue requests: mitpress-catalogs@mit.edu
     European office: The MIT Press, Ltd.
     14 Bloomsbury Square, London WC1A 2LP, U.K.
     Tel: (071) 404 0712  Fax: (071) 404 0601

O'Reilly & Associates
     103A Morris Street, Sebastopol CA 95472
     info@ora.com
     707-829-0515, Fax 707-829-0104

Osborne McGraw-Hill
     (800) 227-0900

PeachPit Press
     2414 Sixth Street, Berkeley, CA 94710
     510-548-4393.

Random House
     Orders: (800) 345-8112.

*** Internet Book Information & Updates Online
The Top Ten Internet Book List is a weekly list that lists the top ten 
Internet Books sold in Europe. The list represents the ten most popular 
titles of Prentice Hall, Sams, Que and other publishers, based on weekly 
sales. It also announces new Internet books to be released. To subscribe, 
send e-mail:
     To: otsgroup@pop.knoware.nl

Addison-Wesley information server, for periodic updates on new titles from 
this publisher. Send e-mail:
     To: awbook@aw.com
     Subject: information
     Body: send information
Or gopher to:
     aw.com

O'Reilly & Associates information server, for periodic updates on new 
titles from this publisher. Send e-mail:
     To: listproc@online.ora.com
     Subject: <leave blank>
     Body: subscribe ora-news "Your name" of "Your Company"

***Legal, Ethical and Moral Stuff
This document is copyright 1994 by Kevin M. Savetz. All rights reserved.

Permission for the following types of distribution is hereby granted, 
provided that this file is distributed intact, including the above 
copyright notice:
     - non-commercial distribution
     - posting to Internet archives, BBSs and online services
     - distribution by teachers, librarians and Internet trainers
     - inclusion on software/FAQ/Internet-oriented CD-ROMs

Permission for commercial distribution may be obtained from the editor. 
SHARE THIS INFORMATION FREELY AND IN GOOD FAITH. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE MODIFIED 
VERSIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT.

This information is always changing. If you notice that an Internet-related 
book is missing, or information herein needs updating, please contact the 
editor.

The editor and contributors have developed this document as a service to 
the Internet community. We hope you find it useful. This document is purely 
a volunteer effort. Although every effort has been made to insure that 
answers are as accurate as possible, no guarantee is implied or intended. 
While the editor tries to keep this document current, remember that the 
Internet and the publishing world are constantly changing, so don't be 
surprised if you happen across statements which are obsolete. If you do, 
please send corrections to the editor. Corrections, questions, and comments 
should be sent to Kevin Savetz at "savetz@northcoast.com" (Internet) or 
"savetz" (America Online and eWorld.) Please indicate what version of this 
document to which you are referring.

All prices in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated.

Thanks to Pieter M. Lechner, UCLA Microcomputer Support Office, for his 
bibliography of 50 Internet books. Thanks to Connie Marijs 
<otsgroup@pop.knoware.nl> for her ongoing assistance. Thanks to 
matisse@well.sf.ca.us (J Matisse Enzer) for allowing me to pilfer bits of 
book reviews. Many thanks to Robert Slade <ROBERTS@decus.ca> and Michael 
Crestohl <mc@shore.net> for their copious book reviews.

*** Sponsorship Information
I wish to thank the following sponsors of the Unofficial Internet Booklist. 
(If you too would like to sponsor the booklist and get a blurb like this, 
send e-mail to savetz@northcoast.com.)

Computer Literacy Bookshops - info@clbooks.com - (408) 435-1118 
-http://www.clbooks.com - CLB stocks thousands of books on computers, 
electronics, high-tech business and telecommunications.

and

The Electric Bookstore Inc - Books About Computers! 
books@electric.interlog.com URL: 
http://www.cadvision.com/bookstore/electric.html  Telephone:(416) 510-1247

*** Where to Find this Document
This file is posted twice monthly (on the 5th and 19th of each month) to 
the Usenet newsgroups alt.internet.services, alt.online-service, 
alt.books.technical, misc.books.technical, alt.bbs.internet, misc.answers, 
alt.answers and news.answers.

You can receive it via anonymous FTP:
rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services/book-list

You can receive it via electronic mail:
     To: mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
     Subject: <subject line is ignored>
     Body: send usenet/news.answers/internet-services/book-list

You can receive each new edition of this document automatically via 
electronic mail, if you are so inclined. This is a low-volume list, with 
updates every few weeks. Note that the following address is my personal e-
mail box, filtered by a very simple mail filter. Your request must go in 
the SUBJECT line EXACTLY as shown below. Anything else will find its way 
into my e-mail box rather than to the subscription program.
     To: savetz@rahul.net
     Subject: subscribe booklist
     Body: <ignored>

###end of document###



     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
                           The CompuServe B Plus Protocol
     
                                May 16, 1988  2:10 PM
     
                                         by
     
                                    Russ Ranshaw



                                  TABLE OF CONTENTS


 A. Introduction.
 B. Notation.
 C. B Plus Packets.
    1. B Plus Packet Structure.
    2. Quoting of characters.
    3. Check Value.
    4. B Plus Packet Types.
       a) Packet Type `+':  Transport Parameters.
       b) Packet Type `T':  File Transfer.
       c) Packet Type `N':  Data.
       d) Packet Type `F':  Failure.
       e) Optional `T' Packets.
          1) Packet `Tr' : Download Resume.
          2) Packet `Tu' : Upload Resume.
          3) Packet `Tf' : Failed CRC.
          4) Packet `TI' : File Information.
 D. B Plus Control Sequences.
    1. Enquire.
    2. Positive Acknowledge.
    3. Wait.
    4. Negative Acknowledge.
    5. Panic Abort.
 E. Negotiation of Transport Parameters.
 F. Terminal Program States.
 G. Wait for Acknowledge.
 H. Packet Send Ahead
 I. Implementation Considerations
    1. Time-Out
    2. Packet Size.
    3. Controlling Excessive Retransmissions.
 J. B Plus Transport Layer.
 K. Initiation of a B Plus Session.
 L. Supporting the Various B Protocol Versions
 M. Check Value Calculation.
    1. Standard B Protocol Checksum.
    2. XMODEM-Style CRC-16.
 N. Interrogation.




      A. Introduction.
     
         The CompuServe B protocol was developed in 1981 to provide
         support for a special purpose Vidtex terminal manufactured
         by the Tandy Corporation.  It was the outgrowth of a
         proposed Bi-Sync oriented protocol, but with a different
         packet structure and provision for more than even and odd
         packets.  The file transfer capability was added in 1982 to
         replace the CompuServe A protocol with a more robust
         protocol which was in keeping with the over-all B Protocol
         design.
     
         Some of the underlying assumptions made in designing the B
         Protocol were due to the capabilities of personal computers
         which were available at the time.  Such machines were
         generally limited in the amount of available memory, 64
         kilobytes being a large capacity.  Other factors, such as
         the lack of a true UART for data communications, resulted in
         the send/wait nature of the protocol where only a single
         protocol packet at a time was sent.
     
         The explosive growth of the Personal Computer industry has
         given us a plethora of machines, most of which have far
         exceeded the early limitations of memory and communication
         ability.  This growth has been accompanied by a multitude of
         file transfer protocols, such as XMODEM, KERMIT, and ZMODEM.
         CompuServe, realizing the need for enhancement, has
         developed the B Plus Protocol to meet the increasing demands
         being made upon its communication network and host
         computers, and to provide added utility for its large family
         of users.
     
         As the name implies, B Plus is an extension of the B
         Protocol.  In particular:
              o  Ability to send multiple packets without waiting for
                 individual acknowledgements.
              o  Larger data packets (up to 1k at present).
              o  Optional use of modified XMODEM CRC-16 check method.
              o  Extensions to the standard control character
                 quoting.
              o  Provision of a mechanism to exchange transport and
                 application parameters.
     
     











                                        2



      B. Notation.
     
         Throughout the remainder of this document the following
         notational conventions will be used:
     
              o  Protocol elements are enclosed within angle
                 brackets.  For example:
                        <DLE>
                 specifies the ASCII code for Data Link Escape.
     
              o  The C-language notation for hexadecimal values will
                 be used.  Thus, the <DLE> character will also be
                 shown as 0x10.
     
         Two entities (computers) are involved in a B Plus session.
         The term "Initiator" is used to refer to the entity which
         initiates the session.  "Responder" refers to the entity
         which receives the initiate command.
     
         CompuServe host computers will always be the Initiator in
         any communication established with them.
     
         For further information regarding Host support, see Section
         "K. Initiation of a B Plus Session."
     
     





























                                        3



      C. B Plus Packets.
     
         1. B Plus Packet Structure.
     
            B Plus Protocol packets consist of five parts as follows:
     
                 o  Lead-in       <DLE> <B>
                 o  Sequence      <0x30 thru 0x39>
                 o  Type          <Single byte>
                 o  Body          <zero to 1024 data bytes>
                 o  Trailer       <ETX> <Check Value>
     
            The Sequence is incremented by one for each successfully
            transmitted packet.  It wraps from 0x39 back to 0x30.  (Note
            that 0x30 is the ASCII character 0 and 0x39 is 9.)
     
            The Sequence, Type, all Body data, and <ETX> are included in
            the Check Value.  Note that <Body> and <Check Value> are
            Quoted, and that the Check Value is computed on the actual
            data bytes rather than their quoted replacements (the
            quoting <DLE> is not included).  Hence, if the character
            0x13 is to be sent, it is sent as <DLE> <S> but the value
            0x13 is included in the Check Value.
     
            If Standard Checksum is used, <Check Value> consists of a
            quoted byte.
     
            If the XMODEM CRC-16 is used, <Check Value) is transmitted
            as two quoted bytes with the most significant byte appearing
            first.  By performing the CRC calculation on the XMODEM
            CRC-16 value,  the result will be 0x0000 if no errors
            occured.
     
            A sample B Plus packet, sent using the Standard Checksum, is
            as follows:
     
                <DLE>  B    7    T    D    A    S    .    C  <ETX> 0x2A
                0x10 0x42 0x37 0x54 0x44 0x41 0x53 0x2E 0x43 0x03  0x2A
     
            where
                     Lead-in   =    <DLE> B
                     Sequence  =    7
                     Type      =    T
                     Body      =    DAS.C
                     Trailer   =    <ETX> 0x2A
     
            If the packet was sent using the XMODEM CRC-16 option, the
            Check Value would be 0x57 0xFF instead of 0x2A.
     






                                        4



         2. Quoting of characters.
     
            The B Plus Protocol quotes certain ASCII control characters.
            The default set of quoted characters is:
     
                 o  <ETX>  0x03
                 o  <ENQ>  0x05
                 o  <DLE>  0x10
                 o  <DC1>  0x11
                 o  <DC3>  0x13
                 o  <NAK>  0x15
     
            The quoting mechanism uses the <DLE> character to prefix the
            quoted character.  The quoted character with 0x40 added
            follows the <DLE>.  For example, <ETX> is quoted as:
     
                 <DLE>  C
                 0x10 0x43
     
            B Plus also provides a means for the Initiator and Responder
            to establish a different set of quoted characters.  This set
            may consist of any or all characters in the ranges 0x00 thru
            0x1f and 0x80 thru 0x9f.
     
            Quoted characters in the 0x80 thru 0x9f range are sent as:
     
                <DLE> ((char and 0x1f) + 0x60)
     
            Hence, 0x93 is quoted as:
     
                <DLE>  s
                0x10  0x73
     
            When receiving protocol data, the program should be capable
            of decoding any quoted character, regardless of the set of
            quoted characters in use.  This must be accomplished as
            follows:
     
                Get a character.
                If the character is <DLE>
                then
                     Get next character.
                     If character is less than 0x60
                     then
                          character = character and 0x1f
                     else
                          character = (character and 0x1f) + 0x80
     







                                        5



         3. Check Value.
     
            Each B Plus packet contains a Check Value to allow detection
            of transmission errors.  The B Plus Protocol supports two
            Check Value methods as follows:
     
            a) Standard B Protocol Checksum.
     
               The Standard Checksum is calculated as follows:
     
                    o  The checksum is initialized to zero.
                    o  For each byte that is to be checksummed:
                         -  The old checksum is rotated left 1, with the
                            old bit 7 becoming bit 0 in the rotated value.
                         -  The new byte is added to the rotated checksum.
                         -  If addition of the new byte causes a carry,
                            then one is added to the new value.
     
     
            b) XMODEM-Style CRC-16.
     
               B Plus implementations may optionally specify that the
               defacto standard XMODEM CRC-16 be used as a check value.
               The only departure is that the CRC-16 value is initialized
               to 0xffff instead of zero.
     
     
            Sample C code for calculating these Check Values is presented in
            Section "H. Check Value Calculation."
     
     
























                                        6



         4. B Plus Packet Types.
     
            The following Packet Types are the minimum required to
            support the B Plus Protocol:
     
                o  `+':  Transport Parameters
                o  `T':  File Transfer
                o  `N':  Data
                o  `F':  Failure
     
            a) Packet Type `+':  Transport Parameters.
     
               This is the B Plus Transport Parameters Packet.  It
               describes an entity`s Transport capabilities.  The Transport
               Parameters Packet is always sent with all characters in the
               ranges 0x00 thru 0x1f and 0x80 thru 0x9f quoted, and using
               the Standard Checksum.
     
               The Body of the <+> packet is a series of bytes as follows:
     
                    WS WR BS CM DQ TL Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 DR UR FI
     
               where:
     
                    WS = Window Send.  0x00 implies that a single packet at
                         a time can be sent, 0x01 two packets.  The default
                         is 0x00.
     
                    WR = Window Receive.  0x00 implies that the entity
                         cannot receive other than a single packet at a
                         time (that is, requests the other entity to use
                         WS = 0x00);  0x01 implies two packets.  The
                         default is 0x00.
     
                    BS = Block Size.  This specifies the maximum size of
                         the <Body> divided by 128.  Thus 0x04 represents
                         512 bytes and 0x08 is 1024 bytes.  The value 0x00
                         implies the default size of 512 bytes.
     
                    CM = Check Method.  0x00 is standard checksum; 0x01 is
                         XMODEM CRC-16 initialized to 0xffff.  Note that
                         CompuServe recommends the use of CRC-16 instead
                         of the standard checksum due to its superior error
                         detection capability.  The default is Standard
                         Checksum, 0x00.
     









                                        7



                    DQ = Data Quoting Level.  This parameter is part of an
                         interim version of the B Plus Protocol.  It has
                         been superceeded by the eight byte Quoting Set in
                         Parameters Q1 thru Q8 (below).  For historical
                         purposes, the Quoting Levels are:
     
                             0x00:  0x00 0x03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15
                             0x01:  0x03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15
                             0x02:  0x03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15 0x91 0x93
                             0x03:  0x00 thru 0x1f and 0x80 thru 0x9f
     
                         If a Parameters packet contains Q1-Q8, the DQ must
                         be ignored and the quoting set established from
                         Q1-Q8.  If Q1-Q8 are absent, the above definitions
                         must be used.
                        
                    TL = Transport Layer.  The Initiator sets the TL
                         parameter to 0x01 when it is running an         
                         application that must run under the Transport
                         Layer.  If the Responder`s half of the application
                         also utilizes the Transport Layer, it must also
                         set the TL parameter to 0x01.  The default value
                         is 0x00.  More information is in Section "J. B
                         Plus Transport Layer."
     
                    Q1-Q4 = A mask indicating which characters in the range
                         0x00 thru 0x1f the entity wants quoted.  The    
                         mapping of bits to characters is:
     
                           Bit:   7    6    5    4    3    2    1    0
                           ----- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
                             Q1: 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07
                             Q2: 0x08 0x09 0x0a 0x0b 0x0c 0x0d 0x0e 0x0f
                             Q3: 0x10 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x14 0x15 0x16 0x17
                             Q4: 0x18 0x19 0x1a 0x1b 0x1c 0x1d 0x1e 0x1f
                        
                         CompuServe Hosts currently use:
     
                             0x14 0x00 0xd4 0x00
     
                    Q5-Q8  Same as Q1-Q4 for the range 0x80 thru 0x9f.
                           CompuServe Hosts currently use:
     
                             0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
     
                    DR     Download Resume.
                                 0x00 : Download Resume not supported
                                 0x01 : Supports `Tr' Packet
                                 0x02 : Supports `Tr' and `Tf' Packets
     





                                        8



                    UR     Upload Resume.
                                 0x00 : Upload Resume not supported
                                 0x01 : Supports `Tu' Packet
                                 0x02 : Supports `Tu' and `Tf' Packets
     
                    FI     File Information.  This parameter specifies the
                           level of extended file handling supported.
     
                                 0x00 = No extended file handling
                                 0x01 = `TI' (File Information) Packet
                
               These are the currently defined Transport Layer Parameters.
               CompuServe reserves the right to define additional
               parameters at any time.  Programs should be capable of
               accepting any number of parameters.  Received parameters
               beyond the known ones must be ignored. If fewer Transport
               Parameters are received than the entity understands, then
               any beyond the last received parameter must be treated as if
               it was provided as 0x00, which must be its default value.
     
               See Section "E.  Negotiation of Transport Parameters" for
               details on deciding what level of capabilities each entity
               is to use.
     































                                        9



            b) Packet Type `T':  File Transfer.
     
               The File Transfer Packet consists of three fields as
               follows:
     
                    <Direction> <Data type> <File name>
     
               1) Function.
                       `D' = Download (Initiator -> Responder)
                       `U' = Upload (Responder -> Initiator)
                       `C' = Close.  End of Upload or Download
     
                  (Note:  Additional "T" packets are defined later.)
     
               2) Data type.
                       `A' = 7-bit ASCII data.  (Allows for End of Line       
                                                 conversion.)
                       `B' = 8-bit Binary data.
                       `I' = Image data.  (This is hardware specific data and
                             usually consists of some embedded header which
                             describes the remainder of the file.  It is
                             always 8-bit binary data.)
     
               3) File Name.
     
                  This field is variable length and specifies the name of the
                  file to be transfered.
     
     
               A sample File Transfer packet using CRC Check Method is:
     
                  <DLE>  B    7    T    D    A    S    .    C  <ETX> 0x57 0xff
     
                   0x10 0x42 0x37 0x54 0x44 0x41 0x53 0x2e 0x43 0x03 0x57 0xff
     
               which specifies:
                   o    `T':  File Transfer
                   o    `D':  Download to the Responder
                   o    `A':  This is an ASCII file
                   o  `S.C':  The file name
     
               Note that there are no guidelines as to what the Responder
               is to do with the File Transfer packet.  In particular, the
               implementor is free to locally verify the request, permit
               the file name to be changed, etc.
     
               If the Responder does not wish to comply with the request
               made in the File Transfer packet, a Failure Packet must be
               returned to the Initiator.
     





                                        10



            c) Packet Type `N':  Data.
     
               This is a data packet.  The data being transferred is broken
               up into a series of <N> packets.  There may be zero to the
               negotiated data block size.  A count of zero does not imply
               end of file.
     
            d) Packet Type `F':  Failure.
     
               This is the general Failure Packet.  A Failure Packet may be
               sent at any time; the value of the <Sequence> field is
               ignored.  The first character of the <Body> indicates the
               general nature of the failure, and the remainder may be a
               printable ASCII message further describing the condition.
               The following standard failures must be supported:
     
                    `A':  Abort.  Usually sent if the user requests that the
                          terminal program cease tranferring data.
     
                    `C':  Capacity failure.  Out of memory or disk.
     
                    `E':  Processing error.  Any error other than described
                          by another Failure Packet.
     
                    `I':  I/O error occured.
     
                    `M':  File requested for Uploading is Missing (not 
                          found).
     
                    `N':  Unimplemented Packet Type was received.
     
                    `S':  Protocol Sequence Number failure.
     
                    `r`:  Transfer Resume failure.
     
               When a Failure Packet is received, it must be acknowledged and
               the transfer aborted.  Similarly, when a Failure Packet is sent,
               the sending entity must wait for the acknowledge to arrive.  In
               addition, the entity which sends the Failure Packet must ignore
               all other packets while waiting for the acknowledgement to
               arrive.  Once the Failure Packet is successfully transfered,
               both entities are expected to leave protocol mode.
     












                                        11



            e) Optional `T' Packets.
     
               Several "T" Packets may optionally be supported.  The
               support for these packets is specified by the DR, UR, and FI
               Transport Parameters.
     
               1) Packet `Tr' : Download Resume.
     
                  When the Responder receives the "TD" (Download Request)
                  packet and the specified file already exits, it may attempt
                  to resume the download which was aborted during a prior
                  session.  In order to do this, both entities must specify
                  Transport Parameter DR > 0x00.  If the Responder attempts
                  the resumption, a `Tr' Packet is returned to the Initiator
                  as follows:
     
                      <DLE> B <Sequence> T r <Length> <CRC-16> <ETX> <Trailer>
     
                  where:
     
                      <Length> = current number of bytes in Responder's
                                 existing file.
     
                      <CRC-16> = XMODEM CRC-16, initialized to 0xffff, of all
                               existing data in Responder's file.
     
                  Both <Length> and <CRC-16> are transmitted as an ASCII
                  decimal string and are both followed by at least a single
                  space.
     
                  The Initiator will perform the same CRC-16 calculation over
                  <Length> bytes and compare the resulting CRC-16 values.  If
                  the calculated and `Tr' values agree, downloading continues
                  with `N` Packets and Responder appends the data to the
                  existing file.  If the files match exactly, a `TC' (Transfer
                  Close) packet is sent.
     
                  If the CRC-16 values do not match, or the Initiator's file
                  be shorter than <Length> bytes, the Initiator's response
                  depends on the value of the DR Transport Parameter:
     
                          0x01 - A `Fr' (Failed Resume) Packet is sent
                          0x02 - A `Tf' (CRC Failed) Packet is sent
     
                  Some operating environments complicate Download Recovery.
                  Since the Initiator has no knowledge of any data
                  transformations, such as  Carriage Return and Line Feed
                  mappings, the Responder must take any such transformations
                  into consideration when calculating <length> and <CRC-16>.
                  Under some environments, it is probably simpler to maintain
                  this information during the download and preserve it in a
                  file (Apple Macintosh (TM) for example.)
     
     

                                        12



               2) Packet `Tu' : Upload Resume.
     
                  The Upload Resume Packet is sent by the Initiator if both
                  entities have the Transport Parameter UR > 0x00, the target
                  file already exists on the Initiator, and the application
                  software has decided to attempt an upload resumption.  It is
                  essentially a `TU' Packet with <length> and <CRC-16> fields.
                  It is constructed as follows:
     
                      <Lead-in> <Sequence > T u <Data Type> <Length> <CRC-16>
                           <File Name> <Trailer>
     
                  where:
                      <Data Type> = same as for the `TU' Packet
                      <Length>    = number of bytes in existing file on
                                    Initiator
                      <CRC-16>    = XMODEM CRC-16, initialized to 0xffff, of
                                    all <Length> bytes
                      <File Name> = same as for the `TU' Packet
     
                  The Responder opens <File Name> and calculates the CRC-16
                  for <Length> bytes.  If the resulting CRC-16 agrees with
                  <CRC-16> from the `Tu' Packet, it continues by sending `N'
                  Packets.
     
                  If the CRC-16 values do not match, the action depends on the
                  value of Transport Parameter UR:
     
                          0x01 - A `Fr' (Failed Resume) Packet is sent
                          0x02 - A `Tf' (Failed CRC) Packet is sent
     
                  The same operating environment considerations mentioned
                  under the `Tr' Packet apply here.
     





















                                        13



               3) Packet `Tf' : Failed CRC.
     
                  The `Tf' packet is sent when a Resume request fails due to
                  CRC failure.  It will be sent only if the Responder and
                  Initiator both specify Transport Parameter DR > 1.  It
                  implies that the transfer is to continue from the beginning
                  of the file.
     
                  Sample packet exchanges for transfer resumption:
     
                          Initiator           Responder      Comments
                          ---------           ---------      -----------------
                  DR = 0x01 or 0x02:
                          TD --------------->                Download Request
                             <--------------- Tr             Resume Download
                          N  --------------->                CRC matched
                                 ...
                          TC --------------->                End of transfer
     
                  DR = 0x01:
                          TD --------------->                Download Request
                             <--------------- Tr             Resume Download
                          Fr --------------->                Resume failed
     
                  DR = 0x02:
                          TD --------------->                Download Request
                             <--------------- Tr             Resume Download
                          Tf --------------->                CRC mismatched
                             <--------------- ACK            Transfer entire
                          N  --------------->                Data
                                ...
                          TC --------------->                End of transfer
     
                  UR = 0x01 or 0x02:
                          Tu --------------->                Upload Resume
                             <--------------  N              CRC Matched
                                ...
                             <--------------  TC             End of transfer
     
                  UR = 0x01:
                          Tu --------------->                Upload Resume
                             <--------------- Fr             CRC mismatch
     
                  UR = 0x02:
                          Tu --------------->                Upload Resume
                             <--------------- Tf             CRC mismatch
                          ACK--------------->                Transfer entire
                                                             FIle
                             <--------------- N              Data
                                ...
                             <--------------- TC             End of transfer
     
     


                                        14



               4) Packet `TI' : File Information.
     
                  The `TI' Packet is transmitted by the File Sender, provided
                  that both entities have their Transport Parameter FI > 0x00.
                  It is used to convey specific data concerning the file as it
                  exists on the Sending entity.  The format of the `TI' Packet
                  is as follows:
     
                      <Lead-in> <Sequence> T I <data type> <compression >
                          <file length> <creation date> <creation time>
                          <modification date> <modification time>
                          <true name length> <true name> <Trailer>
     
                  where:
                      <data type> :  A = ASCII, B = Binary.
     
                      <compression> :  Specifies how the file is compressed
                                       during transmission (has nothing to do
                                       with the content of the file).
                                         0x00 = not compressed
                                                (other values reserved for
                                                 future use by CompuServe)
     
                      <file length> :  Current length of the file being sent.
                                       (Actual number of file data bytes being
                                       sent, not the number of compressed
                                       bytes).  This value is passed for display
                                       display or media check only.  
                                         
                      <zone> :           Minutes offset from UCT of Sender.
     
                      <creation date> :  Date the file was created.
                                         ASCII decimal string, yyyymmdd
     
                      <creation time> :  Time of day the file was created.
                                         ASCII decimal string, seconds
                                         since midnight.
     
                      <modification date> :  Date the file was last modified.
                                         Same format as <creation date>.
                                         (`0' if unknown)
     
                      <modification time> :  Time of day the file was last
                                         modified.  Same format as
                                         <creation time>.  (`0' if unknown)
                       
                      <true name length> :  Number of bytes in <true name>.
                                            (This is a single binary byte.)
     
                      <true name> : The actual file name with any device,
                                    directory, or other ancillary information
                                    removed.
     
                  It is not necessary that all fields be transmitted.

                                        15



     
                  A sample TI packet (file information only) is:
     
                     "A?55387 300 19880422 52480 0 0 ?BPLUS.DOC"
                       |       |             |       |
                      0x00    EST         7:18 PM   0x09
     
     
      D. B Plus Control Sequences.
     
         The B Plus Protocol defines several Control Sequences in
         addition to packets.  Control Sequences are used to manage
         the progress of the B Plus Session.
     
         1. Enquire.
     
            The Enquire Control Sequence consists of the single
            character:
     
                    <ENQ>
                     0x10
     
            It is sent in one of two circumstances:
     
                 o  The Responder is in terminal mode and the Initiator
                    wants to synchronize its <Sequence> number, and to
                    tell the Responder to set up for normal B Protocol.
                    When the <ENQ> is received, the Responder must:
     
                      >  Prepare for 512 byte data blocks
                      >  Prepare for Standard Checksum
                      >  Initialize its Sequence to 0x30
                      >  Transmit the string:
     
                           <DLE> + + <DLE> 0x30
     
                      >  Return to terminal mode.  Note:  The terminal
                         program  definately should NOT enter B Protocol
                         mode when the <ENQ> is received.
     
                 o  The entity sending the packet has received a
                    Negative Acknowledge, or timed out while waiting for
                    an Acknowledge.  The response to an <ENQ> during a B
                    Plus session is a Positive Acknowledge.
     
         2. Positive Acknowledge.
     
            When a correctly checked and sequenced packet is received,
            a Positive Acknowledge is transmitted.  This consists of:
     
                 <DLE> Sequence
     
            where Sequence is the Sequence number of the last validly
            received packet.

                                        16



     
         3. Wait.
     
            The Wait Control Sequence informs the receiving entity that
            the sending entity requires additional time to process what
            it has received.  Wait is sent as:
     
                <DLE> ;
     
     
         4. Negative Acknowledge.
     
            When the receiving entity receives a packet with an
            unexpected <Sequence>, improper checksum or times out, it
            sends a Negative Acknowledge to the other entity.  This
            consists of the single byte:
     
                 <NAK>  0x15
     
            When the sending entity receives a NAK, it initiates a
            Resynchronization Process by sending two <ENQ> characters
            and waiting until it receives two identical Positive
            Acknowlegements.
     
         5. Panic Abort.
     
            The B Plus Protocol recognizes a series of four <DLE>
            characters as a panic abort.  The need for such a facility
            can arise if the Responder computer becomes locked up during
            a transfer, and it is necessary to reboot.  Since <DLE> is
            really control-P, sending it is a very simple procedure.
     
            In addition, the Initiator recognizes the seqeunce:
     
                 <DLE> +
     
            while waiting for a Positive Acknowledge as being incorrect,
            and will abort the transfer.  This can happen as above, but
            before the operator can press control-P the Initiator sends
            an <ENQ> during a down-load to find out what is happening.
            The Responder, now in terminal emulation mode, responds
            with:
     
                 <DLE> + + <DLE> 0
     
            and the Initiator will abort cleanly.  For this reason it is
            essential that any B Plus implementation observe the rules
            for <ENQ>:  If in terminal mode, send <DLE> + + <DLE> 0;
            otherwise send <DLE> Sequence.
     





                                        17



      E. Negotiation of Transport Parameters.
     
         The Initiator begins a B Plus protocol session by sending:
     
                   <ENQ>
     
         while the Responder is in terminal mode.  The Responder sets
         itself up for:
     
             o  Standard Checksum
             o  Default Quoting
             o  512 byte data block
             o  Sets its Sequence to 0x30 (`0')
             o  transmits the sequence:
     
                       <DLE> + + <DLE> 0
     
             o  returns to terminal mode.
     
         The Initiator, detecting the `<DLE> + +', sends a Transport
         Parameters Packet using Standard Checksum and quoting of
         0x00 thru 0x1f and 0x80 thru 0x9f.  When the Responder
         properly receives this packet, it must transmit a Transport
         Parameters Packet indicating its own parameter settings.
         Once the Initiator Acknowledges the Responder`s Transport
         Parameters Packet, each entity then establishes its
         operating configuration based on the minimal matching
         parameters.  In particular, the Initiator and Responder each
         choose the minimum of:
     
            Own       Other's
         Parameter   Parameter
     
            WS           WR    <- Note the cross-comparison of
            WR           WS    <- these parameters.
            BS           BS
            CM           CM
            TL           TL
            DR           DR
            UR           UR
            FI           FI
     
         and the inclusive-or of the Quoting Sets.
     
         For example, if the Initiator sends the sequence:
     
                  0x01 0x01 0x08 0x01 0x01 0x00
                  0x14 0xd4 0x00 0x00          <- Quoting Set
                  0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00          <-
                  0x01 0x00 0x00               <- DR UR FI
     
         and the Responder returns:
     
                  0x00 0x01 0x04 0x00 0x01 0x00

                                        18



                  0x54 0xd4 0x00 0x00          <- Quoting Set
                  0x40 0x50 0x00 0x00          <-
     
         The following parameters are used by both entities:
     
            Parameter  Initiator  Responder
               WS         0x01      0x00      Initiator sends 1
                                              packet ahead.
     
               WR         0x00      0x01      Responder sends 1
                                              packet and waits for
                                              Postive Acknowledge
               BS         0x04      0x04      Both use 512 byte
                                              data body
               CM         0x00      0x00      Standard Checksum
     
               The following characters will be quoted when
               transmitted by either entity:
     
                  0x01 0x03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15 0x81 0x91 0x93
                  SOH  ETX  ENQ  DLE  XON  XOFF NAK  SOH  XON  XOFF
     
               This would be the quoting used for a Responder
               having a modem which treats the 0x01 as "Escape to
               command mode" and in addition responds to flow
               control characters (0x11 0x13 0x91 0x93).
     
         Since the Responder did not transmit the DR, UR, and FI
         parameters, the initiator sets them to 0x00.
     
         The next packet transmitted will be expected to obey the
         negotiated Transport Parameters.
             






















                                        19



      F. Terminal Program States.
     
         This section describes the expected state transitions for a
         terminal program which supports the B Plus Protocol.
     
         Current State      Event     Action         Next State
         ------------------------------------------------------------
         Terminal      <ENQ> Rcvd.    Return:        Terminal
                                  <DLE> + + <DLE> 0
                                  Set up for normal
                                  B Protocol
     
                       <DLE> Rcvd.    None.          DLE_Seen
     
                       <Other>        Process as an
                                      ASCII char.    Terminal
     
         ------------------------------------------------------------
         DLE_Seen      <B> Rcvd.      None.          Get_First_Packet
     
                       <other> Rcvd.  None.          Terminal
     
         ------------------------------------------------------------
         Get_First_Packet        Receive the Packet
                       Valid packet :
     
                       <+>      Process Transport     Terminal
                                 Parameters; set
                                 up for B Plus if
                                 successful exchange
     
                       <T>      Invoke Transfer       Terminal
                                 Process
     
                       <other>  Return Failure        Terminal
                                 Packet N
     
         ------------------------------------------------------------
     
















                                        20



      G. Wait for Acknowledge.
     
         The Wait for Acknowledge procedure is the work-horse of the
         B+ Protocol.  It is implemented as a Finite State Automaton
         having thirteen states as follows:
     
           State               Description
         ----------------   ----------------------------------------
         S_Get_DLE          Wait for <DLE> from Responder.
         S_DLE_Seen         Get character following the <DLE>.
         S_DLE_B_Seen       Receive Packet Sequence Number.
         S_Get_Data         Receive data portion of packet.
         S_Get_Check        Receive check value.
         S_Get_CRC          Receive CRC-16.
         S_Verify_CRC       Compare received to calculated CRC-16.
         S_Verify_CKS       Compare received to calculated checksum.
         S_Verify_Packet    Check for failure packet; verify packet
                            sequence number.
         S_Send_NAK         Count error; send <NAK> to Responder.
         S_Send_ACK         Send ACK sequence to Responder.
         S_Send_ENQs        Count error; Send two <ENQ> characters to
                            Responder.
         S_Resend_Packets   Retransmit packet(s) to Responder.
     
     
         The State Transition table follows:
     
         State              Event          Action              Next State
         ----------------   ------------   -----------------   -----------
         S_Get_DLE          <DLE>           ...                S_DLE_Seen
                            <NAK>           ...                S_Send_ENQ
                            <ENQ>           ...                S_Send_ACK
                            <ETX>           ...                S_Send_NAK
                            timeout         ...                S_Send_ENQ
                            other           ...                S_Get_DLE
     
         S_DLE_Seen         <digit>        Release Packet      return success
                                               -or-
                                           If <ENQ> sent       S_Resend_Packets
                                           else                S_Get_DLE
                            <B>             ...                S_DLE_B_Seen
                            <;>             ...                S_Get_DLE
                            <ENQ>           ...                S_Send_ACK
                            timeout         ...                S_Send_ENQ
                            other           ...                S_Get_DLE
     
         S_DLE_B_Seen       <ENQ>           ...                S_Send_ACK
                            <char>         Save <char>
                                           Intit Check Value   S_Get_Data
                            timeout         ...                S_Send_NAK
     




                                        21



         S_Get_Data         <ETX>           ...                S_Get_Check
                            timeout         ...                S_Send_NAK
                            <ENQ>           ...                S_Send_ACK
                            <char>         Add <char> to
                                             check value
                                           Store <char> in
                                             buffer            S_Get_Data
     
         S_Get_Check        <char>         If Check Method is
                                             CRC_16            S_Get_CRC
                                             Checksum          S_Verify_CKS
                            timeout         ...                S_Send_NAK
     
         S_Get_CRC          <char>         Add <char> to
                                             Received CRC-16   S_Verify_CRC
                            timeout         ...                S_Send_NAK
     
         S_Verify_CRC        ...           If Received CRC-16
                                             = Calc. CRC-16    S_Verify_Packet
                                           else                S_Send_NAK
     
         S_Verify_CKS        ...           If Received CKS
                                             = Calc. CKS       S_Verify_Packet
                                           else                S_Send_NAK
     
         S_Verify_Packet    ...            If Saved <char>
                                             = expected Seq
                                                number         Return size
                                              -or-
                                           If Packet Type
                                             = `F'             Return size
                                           If duplicate
                                             packet            S_Send_ACK
                                           else                S_Send_NAK  
     
         S_Send_NAK         ...            Count Receive
                                              Error
                                           If too many errors  Return failure
                                           If not Aborting
                                           then Send <NAK>
                                                               S_Get_DLE
     
         S_Send_ACK         ...            IF not Aborting
                                           then Send ACK sequence
                                                               S_Get_DLE
     
         S_Send_ENQ         ...            Send <ENQ><ENQ>     S_Get_DLE
     
         S_Resend_Packets   ...            Send all un-ACKed
                                             packets.          S_Get_DLE
     
         Note:  "Aborting" means that a Failure Packet has been sent.  If
                Failure Packet has been sent, all outstanding packets are
                assumed to be ACKed.

                                        22



      H. Packet Send Ahead
     
         One of the most useful features of the B Plus Protocol, from
         the user's point of view, is its ability to send more than
         one packet ahead of receiving the acknowledgment of the
         oldest one.  This improves thru-put by overlapping the I/O
         performed on both the Initiator and Responder computers,
         including the time required for the Responder computer's
         acknowledgement to arrive at the Initiator and wake up the
         Initiator's application program.
     
         The Packet Send Ahead is accomplished by keeping a set of
         buffers in memory, one for each permitted outstanding
         packet.  Each buffer contains the corresponding packet's
         <Sequence>, count, and the data itself.  In addition a
         counter of outstanding packets (ie, not yet ACKed) is
         maintained and incremented whenever a packet is sent for the
         first time.
     
         Two indicies into the set of buffers are used to keep track
         of the Send Ahead status.  One keeps track of which buffer
         holds the oldest packet and the other which buffer may be
         filled with new data.
     
         When a packet is about to be sent, the outstanding count is
         checked to see if the maximum number of outstanding packets
         has been reached.  If so, a routine (GetACK) is invoked
         which waits for the ACK to arrive for the oldest outstanding
         packet.  Several possibilities exist:
             o The oldest packet is ACKed.  In this case, move the
               Oldest Outstanding index to point to the next oldest
               packet and decrement the outstanding packet count.
             o Some other packet in the buffer pool has been ACKed.
               This implies an ACK has been missed.  Move the Oldest
               Outstanding index to point to the buffer following the
               received ACK, and decrement the Outstanding Count
               accoringly.
             o A NAK is received.  Retransmit all packets which are
               outstanding.
     
         If the Outstanding count is still at the maximum, stay in
         GetACK.
     
         Finally, a procedure is necessary which calls GetACK until
         either a failure occurs or the Outstanding count is zero.
     









                                        23



         The Send Ahead Process proceeds as follows:
                                                     Receiver's
         Packet   Sequence  Buffer    Outstanding    Response
           1        `1'       0           1            ...
           2        `2'       1           2            ...
           3  GetACK                                 ACK `1'
                    `3'       0           2            ...
           4  GetACK                                 ACK `2'
                    `4'       1           2            ...
           5  GetACK                                 ACK `3'
                    `5'       0           2            ...   (Last)
              GetACK                                 ACK `4'
                                          1            ...
              GetACK                                 ACK `5'
     








































                                        24



      I. Implementation Considerations
     
         1. Time-Out
     
            A per-character time-out of ten seconds should be used.
            Using anything less can result in a loss of good control
            over the exchange of packet and control sequences.  If
            conditions over a switched network degrade sufficiently, a
            small time out can lead to excessive retransmissions of
            data.  On the other hand, longer time-out values will result
            in a more sluggish detection of protocol breakdown.
     
            The receiving entity should be silent when a timeout occurs.
            That is, a <NAK> should not be sent when a timeout occurs
            while receiving a packet.  The reason is that under severely
            degraded network loading it may happen that it takes longer
            for the sending entity's data to arrive than the receiving
            entity's timeout interval.  This can lead to many kinds of
            situations in which there is excessive retransmission of
            data.  The question to be answered by the implementor is:
            "Am I more concerned about how fast I can shut down the
            transfer when the sending entity goes away than I am about
            getting the transfer to occur regardless of how long it
            takes?"  If the answer is that response to a vanished sender
            is more important, then send a <NAK> when a timeout occurs.
            If getting the job done is more important, then don't send
            the <NAK> on timeout.
     
         2. Packet Size.
     
            The following chart shows the percentage of houskeeping overhead
            for various packet sizes (not including quoted characters):
     
                                                      Packet
               Data  Packet                      Transmission Time
               Size   Size    Useful    Overhead   300 1200 2400
               ----  ------   ------    --------  ---- ---- ----
               128    135     94.8 %    5.2 %      4.5  1.1  0.6
               256    263     97.3 %    2.7 %      8.8  2.2  1.1
               384    391     97.7 %    2.3 %     13.0  3.3  1.6
               512    519     98.7 %    1.3 %     17.3  4.3  2.2
               640    647     98.9 %    1.1 %     21.6  5.4  2,7
               768    775     99.1 %    0.9 %     25.8  6.5  3,2
               896    903     99.2 %    0.8 %     30.1  7.5  3.8
              1024   1031     99.3 %    0.7 %     34.4  8.6  4.3
     
            At first glance it might seem reasonable to always use 1024 byte
            data packets.  However, consideration should be given to the
            amount of time required to recover from a transmission error.
            For example, using 1024 byte data packets at 300 baud, over a
            minute of excessive transmission time would result (two packets)
            each time an error occured.  Experience shows that keeping the
            packet transmission time to between four and five seconds
            results in a reasonably comfortable recovery time.  So, for best

                                        25



            over-all performance, the following packet sizes are
            recommended:
     
               Baud      Size
               ----      ----
                300       128
               1200       512
               2400      1024
     
         3. Controlling Excessive Retransmissions.
     
            Over a very noisy link the send-ahead nature of B Plus might
            cause the performance to degrade due to retransmission of
            packets.  To circumvent this degradation, the following
            heuristic is recommended:
     
               Initialize  SA_Error_Count to zero.
               If packets are retransmitted, increment SA_Error_Count by 3.
               If SA_Error_Count is greater than or equal to 12, drop out of
                    Send-Ahead mode (ie, revert to send and wait mode).
               When a packet is ACKed, and SA_Error_Count is greater than
                    zero,  decrement SA_Error_Count by one.
     
            The values (increment by 3, limit of 12, decrement by 1) can be
            varied in accord with the implementor's experience, perhaps
            being established by user-definable parameters.
     
     



























                                        26



      J. B Plus Transport Layer.
     
         Some distributed applications (that is, applications in
         which the Initiator and Responder each perform some of the
         work) require that blocks of information be exchanged.
         Running such applications over normal communication channels
         can cause loss or altering of data, yielding unpredictable
         results.  To aleviate this possibility, the B Plus Protocol
         provides the ability to use the underlying packet structure
         to exchange blocks of data with error detection and
         retransmission.
     
         Entering the Transport Layer operation is more complicated
         than the File Transfer mode previously described:
     
             o  The user invokes a CompuServe application
             o  The application program transmits a CompuServe
                Application Protocol escape sequence.
             o  The user's terminal program responds with an escape
                sequence which informs the host application that it
                must use the Transport Layer.
             o  The host program initializes its B Plus routines,
                setting the Transport Layer parameter to 0x01.
             o  The terminal program waits until its own B Plus     
                routines have been initialized, also setting the     
                Transport Layer parameter to 0x01.
             o  Once the host and remote B Plus routines have     
                exchanged their Transport Layer Parameters, the
                Transport Layer is in effect.  The succeeding action
                is a function of the application.
     
         From an implementation standpoint, the primary differences
         from the B Plus Protocol so far described are:
     
             o  Separate Packet Sequence Numbers are maintained for
                sending and receiving.
             o  Received Packets are placed in a first-in-first-out
                queue.
             o  Another level of software is placed between the     
                packet handlers and the application.  This level is
                responsible for sending and receiving blocks of data,
                packaging them into protocol-sized packets.
     
         The following Packet Types are used in the Transport Layer:
     
             `M':  This is a data packet; another data packet follows.
     
             `L':  This is the last data packet for the current block.
     
         A Failure Packet will terminate the transport layer for both
         entities.
     



                                        27



      K. Initiation of a B Plus Session.
     
         The following state machine describes the process of a host
         entity initiating a B Plus Session.  Its starting state is
         Send_ENQ.
     
         State         Received  Action                   Next State
         ------        --------  ----------------------   ----------
         Send_ENQ        ...     Transmit <ENQ>
                                 Set Standard Checksum
                                 Set 512 byte Data Block
                                 Set default quote set
                                 Clear Plus_Seen and
                                 Plus_Plus flags          Get_DLE
         -----------------------------------------------------------
         Get_DLE       <DLE>     ...                      Get_Digit
                       <+>       If Plus_Seen true,
                                   then set Plus_Plus
                                        ...               Get_DLE
                       timeout                            Send_ENQ
         ------------------------------------------------------------
         Get_Digit     <digit>   Initialize Send and
                                   Receive Sequence
                                   Numbers                Send_Parameters
                       <+>       Set Plus_Seen            Get_DLE
                       timeout       ...                  Send_ENQ   
         ------------------------------------------------------------
         Send_Parameters ...     If Plus_Seen true,
                                   then
                                      if Plus_Plus true,
                                        then set to quote
                                           0x00-0x1f and
                                           0x80-0x9f
                                      Send Parameters Packet
                                      Receive Parameters Packet
                                      Establish session's parameters
                                                           
                                                          Exit
         -------------------------------------------------------------
     
     














                                        28



      L. Supporting the Various B Protocol Versions
     
         There are three versions of B Protocl which an implementor must
         be aware of.  Any new implementation should follow the B Plus
         Protocol as described in this document to ensure full
         compatibility with all existing CompuServe Host software.  The
         three versions are:
     
                  o  "Classic" B Protocol
                  o  An interim version of B Plus (called Quick B)
                  o  B Plus as described in this document
     
         The differences are:
     
             Initial <ENQ> response:
                  Classic B:      <DLE> digit
                  QuickB:         <DLE> + <DLE> digit
                  B Plus:         <DLE> + + <DLE> digit
     
             Default Quoting Sets:
                  Classic B:      0x00 -> 0x1f
                  QuickB:         0x00 0x03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15
                  B Plus:         0x03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15
     
             Extended Quoting:
                  Classic B:      none
                  QuickB:         Specified by the DQ Parameter:
                                  0x00 : 0x00 0x03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15
                                  0x01 : 0x03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15
                                  0x02 : 0s03 0x05 0x10 0x11 0x13 0x15 0x91 0x93
                                  0x03 : 0x00-0x1f and 0x80-0x9f
                  B Plus:         Established by the Q1 thru Q8 parameters.
                                  (Ignore R0)
     
             Quoting of the Paramters Packet:
                  Classic B:      No paramaters packet
                  QuickB:         0x00 -> 0x1f
                  B Plus:         0x00 -> 0x1f and 0x80 -> 0x9f
     
             Response to a <NAK>:
                  Classic B:      Retransmit the last packet
                  QuickB:         Resynchronize with <ENQ><ENQ>, wait for
                                  two identical ACK sequences, retransmit
                                  as necessary.
                  B Plus:         Same as QuickB.
     









                                        29



         CompuServe Host software will support all three B Protocol
         versions.  In order to do so, it relies on the initial response
         to <ENQ> to determine what version is being used in the terminal
         software.  The defaults given in Section D.1 ("Enquire") are
         intended to reflect "Classic" B Protocol.  If the Host receives
             
             <DLE> <+> <DLE> <digit>
     
         it sends its Transport Parameters Packet using "Classic" B data
         quoting (0x00 -> 0x1f).  If two "+" chracters are received, it
         will quote 0x00 -> 0x1f and 0x80 -> 0x9f.  This is done to
         maximize the chances of getting the packet through most modems
         and networks.  Once the Transport Parameters Packets have been
         successuflly exchanged, the Host software uses the negotiated
         quoting set, and the remote is expected to do likewise.
     
         Negotiation of quoted characters allows implementors to provide
         configuration set up to cope with a wide variety of modems,
         oeprating system, network, and other situations which can
         adversely affect thr transmission of 8-bit binary data.
     
     

































                                        30



      M. Check Value Calculation.
     
         1. Standard B Protocol Checksum.
     
            The following C-language code fragment illustrates the
            Standard Checksum calculation:
     
            int
              checksum;
     
            do_checksum (ch)
            unsigned int ch;
            {
                checksum = checksum << 1;
     
                if checksum > 0xff
                    checksum = (checksum  & 0xff) + 1;
     
                checksum += ch & 0xff;
     
                if checksum > 0xff
                    checksum = (checksum & 0xff) + 1;
            };
     































                                        31



         2. XMODEM-Style CRC-16.
     
            /*
             * Calculates XMODEM-style CRC (uses the CCITT V.41
             * polynomial but
             * completely backwards from the normal bit ordering).
             */
            static unsigned crc_xmodem_tab[] = {
            0x0000,0x1021,0x2042,0x3063,0x4084,0x50A5,0x60C6,0x70E7,
            0x8108,0x9129,0xA14A,0xB16B,0xC18C,0xD1AD,0xE1CE,0xF1EF,
            0x1231,0x0210,0x3273,0x2252,0x52B5,0x4294,0x72F7,0x62D6,
            0x9339,0x8318,0xB37B,0xA35A,0xD3BD,0xC39C,0xF3FF,0xE3DE,
            0x2462,0x3443,0x0420,0x1401,0x64E6,0x74C7,0x44A4,0x5485,
            0xA56A,0xB54B,0x8528,0x9509,0xE5EE,0xF5CF,0xC5AC,0xD58D,
            0x3653,0x2672,0x1611,0x0630,0x76D7,0x66F6,0x5695,0x46B4,
            0xB75B,0xA77A,0x9719,0x8738,0xF7DF,0xE7FE,0xD79D,0xC7BC,
            0x48C4,0x58E5,0x6886,0x78A7,0x0840,0x1861,0x2802,0x3823,
            0xC9CC,0xD9ED,0xE98E,0xF9AF,0x8948,0x9969,0xA90A,0xB92B,
            0x5AF5,0x4AD4,0x7AB7,0x6A96,0x1A71,0x0A50,0x3A33,0x2A12,
            0xDBFD,0xCBDC,0xFBBF,0xEB9E,0x9B79,0x8B58,0xBB3B,0xAB1A,
            0x6CA6,0x7C87,0x4CE4,0x5CC5,0x2C22,0x3C03,0x0C60,0x1C41,
            0xEDAE,0xFD8F,0xCDEC,0xDDCD,0xAD2A,0xBD0B,0x8D68,0x9D49,
            0x7E97,0x6EB6,0x5ED5,0x4EF4,0x3E13,0x2E32,0x1E51,0x0E70,
            0xFF9F,0xEFBE,0xDFDD,0xCFFC,0xBF1B,0xAF3A,0x9F59,0x8F78,
            0x9188,0x81A9,0xB1CA,0xA1EB,0xD10C,0xC12D,0xF14E,0xE16F,
            0x1080,0x00A1,0x30C2,0x20E3,0x5004,0x4025,0x7046,0x6067,
            0x83B9,0x9398,0xA3FB,0xB3DA,0xC33D,0xD31C,0xE37F,0xF35E,
            0x02B1,0x1290,0x22F3,0x32D2,0x4235,0x5214,0x6277,0x7256,
            0xB5EA,0xA5CB,0x95A8,0x8589,0xF56E,0xE54F,0xD52C,0xC50D,
            0x34E2,0x24C3,0x14A0,0x0481,0x7466,0x6447,0x5424,0x4405,
            0xA7DB,0xB7FA,0x8799,0x97B8,0xE75F,0xF77E,0xC71D,0xD73C,
            0x26D3,0x36F2,0x0691,0x16B0,0x6657,0x7676,0x4615,0x5634,
            0xD94C,0xC96D,0xF90E,0xE92F,0x99C8,0x89E9,0xB98A,0xA9AB,
            0x5844,0x4865,0x7806,0x6827,0x18C0,0x08E1,0x3882,0x28A3,
            0xCB7D,0xDB5C,0xEB3F,0xFB1E,0x8BF9,0x9BD8,0xABBB,0xBB9A,
            0x4A75,0x5A54,0x6A37,0x7A16,0x0AF1,0x1AD0,0x2AB3,0x3A92,
            0xFD2E,0xED0F,0xDD6C,0xCD4D,0xBDAA,0xAD8B,0x9DE8,0x8DC9,
            0x7C26,0x6C07,0x5C64,0x4C45,0x3CA2,0x2C83,0x1CE0,0x0CC1,
            0xEF1F,0xFF3E,0xCF5D,0xDF7C,0xAF9B,0xBFBA,0x8FD9,0x9FF8,
            0x6E17,0x7E36,0x4E55,0x5E74,0x2E93,0x3EB2,0x0ED1,0x1EF0};
     
            unsigned CRC;
            UpdCrc (Byte)
            unsigned int ByteC;
            {  CRC =
                 crc_xmodem_tab [(CRC >> 8 ^ Byte) & 0xff] ^ (crc << 8);
            };
     







                                        32



      N. Interrogation.
     
         Although not part of the B Plus Protocol, implementors are urged
         to support the CompuServe Interrogation Sequence.  This process
         passes information to the CompuServe Host to identify the
         various options supported by the terminal program.  Host
         software will generally perform an Enquire (Section D.1) first
         to determine if the terminal program supports B Protocol.  If B
         Protocl ("Classic," QuickB, or B Plus) is supported, the host
         then sends the sequence:
     
                  <ESC> I
     
         When the terminal program receives this sequence of characters,
         it transmits an Interrogation Response as follows:
     
             <#> <Mod> <Ver> <F-codes> <+> <Check> <CR>
     
         where:
     
             <#>          Identifies the string as an Interrogation
                          Response
     
             <Mod>        Specifies the specific hardware or operating
                          system, or a generic class of software.  It is
                          always three characters in length.  In addition
                          to several reserved codes, the following
                          generic codes are defined:
                                APX - Apple (TM) II/Macintosh
                                ATX - Atari (TM) 8, 16, and 32 bit
                                AUT - Auto-Script Program
                                CCX - Commodore (TM) C64 and Amiga
                                CPM - CP/M (TM) Operating System
                                IBX - IBM (TM) Compatible
                                XXX - Other model/type
     
             <Ver>        Gives the terminal software version number.  It
                          may contain Letters, Digits, and Periods.
     
             <F-codes>    A series of character fields giving the
                          options supported.  Each <F-code> is followed
                          by a comma.  The currently recognized <F-codes>
                          are as follows:
     
                            Cursor/Screen Control
                                 AC : ANSI Color
                                 CA : ANSI/VT100 Cursor Control
                                 CC : VIDTEX/VT52 Cursor Control
                                 CW : Wide mode (Double width characters
                                           invoked by <ESC> <m>
                                           uninvoked by <ESC> <l> (lower
                                                case L)
                                 SSyx : Screen Size; y gives number of
                                        lines + 31, x gives number of

                                        33



                                        columns plus 31.  SS7o identifies
                                        a 24 line by 80 column screen.
                                        It is suggested that the SS field
                                        always be present.
                            
                            Graphics
                                 GF : GIF graphics
                                 GH : High resolution RLE graphics
                                 GM : Medium resolution RLE graphics
                                 NF : Full NAPLPS graphics
     
                            Protocols
                                 AP : Recognizes and properly responds to
                                      the CompuServe Application Protocol
                                      escape sequences
                                 CB : Capture Buffer
                                 PB : B Protocol (includes QuickB and B
                                      Plus)
                                 PX : XMODEM
     
                            Miscellaneous
                                 HC : Hard Copy (printer connected)
                                 XX : Ignored
     
                       All other <F-codes> are reserved for future use.
     
             <Check>      This is a check value derived by adding
                          together all characters in the Interrogate
                          Response up to and including the +,
                          truncating the sum to 16 bits, and converting
                          it to an ASCII digit string.
     
             <CR>         This is the ASCII Carriage Return and serves to
                          terminate the Interrogate Response.
     
         If the <Check> value does not match, the host will send another
         <ESC> I and compare the string it receives to the previous one.
         If the two strings match, it is accepted, otherwise the <ESC> I
         and matching will continue for ten trials before giving up.
     















                                        34



         A sample Interrogate Response is:
     
             #IBX,CC,GH,GM,PB,+1035<CR>
     
         which specifies:
     
             o IBX : An IBM (TM) compatible system
             o CC  : Supports standard VIDTEX/VT52 cursor controls
             o GH  : Supports high-resolution RLE graphics
             o GM  : Supports medium-resulution RLE graphics
             o PB  : Supports B Protocol
             o 1035: Sum of "#IBM,CC,GH,GM,PB,+"
     
         For additional information concerning the Interrogation
         Response, please contact CompuServe Incorporated, Microcomputer
         Software Development.
     






































                                        35

   Yes, downloading from CompuServe is possible with Teleterm80!  The
procedure is similar to uploading.  When CompuServe notifies you that
it is ready to begin downloading a .BIN program file to your computer,
before going to the Upload/Download menu you must change the terminal
settings to word length 8 and parity none.  At the Upload menu, use the
<cursor-down> key to select Xmodem Receive, and enter a <carriage return>.
You will be prompted in sequence for a filename, a file type, and an
error-checking protocol.  Enter the name the file will have on your disk
(you can use the same name the file has on CompuServe), enter p for program
files, and choose 2 for CRC protocol (this is supposed to allow even fewer
errors to pass through than the Checksum protocol).  After waiting for 15
to 20 seconds or so you will see the hyphens begin to appear at the bottom
of the screen as each successful block is transmitted.  When it's completed,
the filename will disappear and you can use the cursor keys to return to the
main menu.  Don't forget to restore the terminal settings to word length 7,
parity even before resuming your session on CompuS	ve.  It is important
to speed through the downloading setup process as quickly as possible.  If
you take too long, or make a fatal error, CompuServe will cancel the xmodem
transfer and wait for you to send a carriage return.  But you will be locked
out of the keyboard and unable to do anything except turn the computer off
and reload the terminal program while your on-line connect time and charges
accumulate.  Using this procedure you can also download files with .IMG
extensions, but you will not be able t	run the programs immediately.  First
you will have to strip the header information from the beginning of the file
(typically the first 6 bytes), then you can load it and (if it is compatible
with the B-128) run it..



 Ya say you can't download because you
only have a dumb terminal program.
 Ya say if you could download, that you
would download a new terminal program
that could download. (Catch 22!)

 Well! I tell ya what I'm gonna do...
Step right up and copy down the
following SHORT program. Type it in and
save it to disk.
 The program is a simple Bootstrap
XMODEM Downloader, and if the wind is
blowing right, will permit you to
download from Compuserve's CBIG Sig,
the full featured Xmodem terminal
program > CBTERM/C64. 
Once you have CBTERM/C64, you can
up or download anything to/from CIS and
any Xmodem BBS systems.

 Step closer young man, and I'll tell
you how it works.....

The program (which I will call BXD.BAS)
is a short routine to only download
a file in xmodem. It is used in
conjunction with your present terminal
program. You use your present dumb
terminal program to go on line and
connect with CIS. You then goto
the CBIG Sig, (GO CBIG at the ! prompt)
and into its DL2 data library. There
you find the latest version of
CBTERM/C64. You must get the .BIN
version of CBTERM. (not the .IMG
version)
You instruct CIS to Download the
CBTERM program using XMODEM protocol.
CIS will respond that it is begining
the download. At this point you EXIT
your terminal program (KEEP YOUR MODEM
ON LINE! JUST EXIT YOUR TERMINAL 
PROGRAM.) and quickly load BXD.BAS.
Then you just RUN it. 
BXD will then do an XMODEM download
of the file and write it to disk. If
all works well, in 15 mins. you should
have a brand spanking new copy of
CBTERM/C64 on your disk. (note: only
run your dumb terminal program and
BXD.BAS at 300 baud.) 
BXD.BAS does the following:
 When RUN, will handshake to CIS to
start the transfer. A disk file is
opened and is called CBTERM into 
which the incomming data is written.
 BXD then waits to recieve data blocks
of 132 bytes long. Each block has
a checksum that is matched and if
found to be wrong, the block is rejected
and cis sends it again. (note: the
first block is offen rejected on the
first try by BXD, but gets through the
second time around.)
If the checksum is ok the block is
written to the disk and the next
block is recived. This continues
untill the end of data marker is
sent. BXD will say "DONE" and you should
have a good copy of CBTERM/C64 now on
your disk.
Reset your computer and load CBTERM
and use that as your new SMART terminal
program.

Trying to keep BXD brief, many shortcuts
were taken. There is no time out check
or block number check as would be
included in a full featured XMODEM
program. If you suffer from noisey
phone lines, you may be in trouble
trying to use BXD. BXD expects to
recieve 132 bytes in a block, if for
some reason, a bute is dropped, BXD
will sit in its loop and hang.
Each byte that is recieve is marked
by a "." displayed on the screen.
and when a full block is recieve this
is stated also. If you see BXD stop
for longer than 60 seconds without
recieveing any more bytes then you
could try this: Press <STOP> to
break the program. The enter: GOTO 50
This will reject the last block recieved
and restart looking for the block.
If you coninualy get CHECK SUM BAD
errors, then log off and reload
your dumb terminal program and
try the process again.
Don't forget to Verify the disk you
were using as the opened file will
not be good.

Here is the code for BXD.BAS:

10 print"bootstrap xmodem downloader"
11 print"(c) 1985 by chrisdos"
20 open2,2,0,chr$(6):dim i%(132)
30 ack$=chr$(6):nak$=chr$(21):eot$=chr$(4)
40 open8,8,8,"cbterm,w,p"
50 forx=1to25:get#2,a$:nextx:print#2,nak$;
60 gosub100
70 ifck%<>i%(132)thenprint"check sum bad":goto50
80 forx=4to131:print#8,chr$(i%(x));:nextx:get#2,a$
90 b=b+1:print"block ok":print#2,ack$;:goto60
100 n=fre(0):forx=1to132
110 ifpeek(667)=peek(668)goto110
120 get#2,a$:i%(x)=asc(a$+chr$(0)):print".";
130 ifx=1anda$=eot$thenclose8:print"done":print#2,ack$:stop
140 nextx:print"have block "b
150 ck%=0:forx=1to131
160 ck%=(ck%+i%(x))and255:nextx:return

Enter it carefully, don't forget the ;'s
and other easyly overlooked things.
If all goes well, you will be able
to download a very fine terminal program
that you can then use to up and down 
load just about anything else.

If you have any questions, pleas leave
them in a message to SYSOP in CBIG.
No EMAIL please.

 HAVE FUN !
BXD.BAS (C) 1985 by Chrisdos
.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
. Version 1.1 of BXD.BAS
. This includes a small terminal routine in the program itself, and
may work directly witout the need for an external terminal program.
. Fill in lines 40 - 90 with a routine to dial your modem, or manually
connect with your phone.


5 open5,2,0,chr$(6):dim i%(132)
10 printchr$(14)"[CLS][CRDN][CRDN][CRDN]  Bootstrap XMODEM Downloader  Ver 1.1"
20 print"  Written by Christopher Dunn
30 print"[CRDN][CRDN][CRDN] Use the <F1> key to start the Download"
100 print"[Terminal Mode]
110 get#5,a$:if st=8 goto170
120 a=asc(a$+chr$(0))and127
130 if a=8 then a=157:goto160
140 if a>=65 and a<=90 then a=a+32:goto160
150 if a>=97 and a<=122 then a=a-32
160 print chr$(a);
170 get a$:if a$="" goto110
180 a=asc(a$+chr$(0)):if a=20 then a=8:goto220
190 if a=133 goto 1000:rem do xmodem
200 if a>=193 and a<=218 then a=a-128:goto220
210 if a>=65 and a<=90 then a=a+32
220 print#5,chr$(a);
230 goto 110
1000 rem xmodem download
1010 ack$=chr$(6):nak$=chr$(21):eot$=chr$(4):b=1
1020 print"[CLR] Xmodem Downloader.
1030 print"Enter file name for your disk:";:f$="":input f$:if f$="" goto 100
1040 print"Working! Please standby"
1050 open8,8,8,f$+",p,w"
1060 forx=1to25:get#5,n$:next:q=0:print#5,nak$;
1070 get#5,c$:if st=8 goto 1170
1080 q=q+1:i%(q)=asc(c$+chr$(0)):print".";
1090 if q=1 and c$=eot$ then close8:print"DONE!":print#5,ack$:goto100
1100 z=0:if q<132 goto1070
1110 print:print"Checking Block"
1120 ck%=0:forx=1to131:ck%=(ck%+i%(x))and255:next
1130 if ck%<>i%(132) then print"Bad Checksum!":goto1060
1140 forx=4to131:print#8,chr$(i%(x));:next:get#5,n$
1150 print"Block "b" OK.":b=b+1:print#5,ack$;:q=0
1160 goto1070
1170 rem check for time out
1180 z=z+1:if z<500 goto 1070
1190 print"Block time out! Retrying....":z=0:goto1060


            C128 Book Reviews


     There is finally some information
   available  on  the  Commodore  C128
   computer: Commodore 64/128 Assembly
   Language   Programming,   and   The
   Official Book for the Commodore 128
   Personal Computer.  Both  of  these
   may   be   available   at  a  local
   bookstore,  but  can   be   ordered
   direct  from  the publisher, Howard
   W.  Sams  &  Co.  Inc.   at   (800)
   428-SAMS, operator 150.
     I got both of these books as soon
   as I  heard  about  them,  and  was
   promptly   disappointed.   This  is
   because I'm  interested  in  really
   technical  things  like: a detailed
   memory map  of the C128 in C128 and
   CP/M  modes, a detailed description
   of    the    hardware    and    the
   memory/device manager.
     The    Assembly   Language   book
   glossed  over  the  C128  and  CP/M
   modes  by  discussing the C128 only
   in C64 mode, where  it's  identical
   to the C64.
     The  'Official Book' for the C128
   was   more   satisfying,    though:
   seperate  chapters  on each mode of
   the   C128   (including   a    good
   introduction   to   CP/M  and  	's
   commands),     a     chapter     on
   peripherals,  discussion of the new
   BASIC 7.0 commands,  a  chapter  on
   graphics     (using    BASIC    7.0
   commands), and a final  chapter  on
   music  and  sound (again, BASIC 7.0
   commands, mostly). There are memory
   maps  for  each  mode,  showing how
   ROM, RAM, and the I/O  devices  are
   arranged,  and  the  memory/ device
   manager     is     described     as
   'intelligent', which is intriguing.
     Overall,  the  latter  book  does
	 contain a lot of  good  information
   for anyone considering the purchase
   of a C128  system   (or for  a  new
   owner)  with  it's  descriptions of
   Basic  7.0  and  CP/M,  along  with
   discussions  of  software  for each
   mode and how to get  public  domain
   software free).
    Now, to get my hands on a C128!












C64S - Commodore 64 Software Emulator
Registered version 1.0C, June 1994
c 1991-1994 Miha Peternel




C64S USER'S MANUAL























This document is c 1994 by Miha Peternel. No part of this document may be
reprinted without written permission of the author.

____________________
1. INTRODUCTION AND INSTALLATION 


Welcome to a software emulator of the good old fat C64. It will allow you to
run most of the original C64 software on your PC.

The C64S emulator and accompanying utilities are copyrighted c 1994 by Miha
Peternel and may not be copied, sold, hired or distributed in any way without
written permission of the author. C64 and 1541 ROM code is copyrighted c by
Commodore Business Machines.

Minimum requirements:
- 386 or better
- 640K RAM (500K low ram free)
- VGA display (register compatible)
- DOS 3.3 or higher

Optional:
- a soundcard:
  Gravis UltraSound (best for sound output)
  Sound Blaster (all versions or DSP compatible soundcards)
  Covox or compatible DAC (digital to analog converter)
- PC joystick (1 or 2)
- tape/floppy interface

You need at least a cached 386DX40 with a fast VGA for real time emulation. A
soundcard is recommended, though the sound can also be played through PC
speaker (at rather low quality).


Installation

To install the C64S software, insert the distribution diskette in your disk
drive and log to that disk drive.  For example, if you are using diskette
drive A:, type
	 A: 
at the DOS command prompt.  Then type
	 INSTALL.

The installation software will unpack the C64S files and copy them to your
hard drive.  It will prompt you for the destination directory;  the default
is C64S.

Files

The following files are essential for proper emulator operation:
- C64S.EXE                      C64 Software Emulator (for 386 and better)
- SYSTEM.EXE            C64S system emulation
- CONFIG.EXE            C64S hardware configuration utility
- ROMCODE.C64           C64 and 1541 ROM code

The following utilities make life easier:
- COM1541.EXE           Transfers 1541 disk contents to .D64 files
- TAPEIO.EXE            Turbo Tape loader for PC
- MAKETAPE.EXE          Creates .T64 files and imports .PRG files
- FIXTAPE.EXE           Fixes bad CONV64 created .T64 files

Documentation:
- C64S.DOC                      This document in Word 6.0 format
- LPT1541.DOC           1541 connection scheme
- LPTTAPE.DOC           Tape recorder connection scheme
- T64.DOC                       .T64 file structure
______________________
2. CONFIGURATION


C64S comes with an automated configuration program, which lets you easily
configure emulator options to best suit your hardware. To start the
configuration program, change to the C64S directory and type on the command
line:

	CONFIG

Or in case of any troubles:

	CONFIG -s

The configuration program will autodetect the presence of soundcards and
analogue joysticks. Some users may have many add-on cards installed in the
computer in which case the autodetection procedures may fail or even crash
the computer. If you notice any such trouble try running the configuration
program with -s switch. This switch will tell the program to skip
autodetection procedure.

The configuration program will then try to read current saved settings. If no
settings are saved, it will use default settings. Also, you can always use -d
switch to use default settings instead of the saved settings.

In the configuration screen, you may use Up and Down arrows to move around,
Left, Right and Enter keys to change the highlighted setting.


Configuration overview:

- Sound Output
C64S can autodetect the Gravis UltraSound and Sound Blaster (or true DSP
compatible) soundcards. If the sound output is set to Autodetect, the
priority of selecting sound output is: GUS, SB, PC speaker. If the
configuration program fails to detect your soundcard's port, try setting it
manually in the configuration screen.

- Tape port & 1541 port
These port settings are used by COM1541 and TAPEIO utilities.

- Analogue joysticks
This option must be set to Autodetect to use analogue PC joysticks. C64S
provides two methods of scanning joysticks. Compensating mode takes less CPU
time but might fail with some joysticks or newer "speed compensating" game
ports. Compatible mode will work with all joysticks. You are advised to try
Compensating mode first. If it fails, change to Compatible mode.

- Video mode
C64S works in two VGA modes. Default Extended mode is VGA 368*240 pixels, 16
colors. Compatible mode is provided in case you are running the emulator on a
laptop with LCD display or your monitor cannot display Extended mode.
Compatible mode is standard VGA 320*200 pixels, 16 colors.

IMPORTANT: If you run C64S in multitasking environment such as Windows or
OS/2, you are strongly advised to disable sound output and set the joystick
scanning mode to Compatible. This will prevent general slow down and other
difficulties in such environments. Exit the environment and run C64S from
plain DOS to enjoy full emulation performance.

When you have finished with configuration, press End and Return to save
settings and exit. You may always press Esc to abort configuration without
saving.

___________________
3. FIRST STEPS


This chapter provides a quick overview of how to load and run C64 programs
after the emulator has been installed and configured.  For further details,
see the following chapters.

1. If you are running the emulator for the first time, and you have not run
the CONFIG utility yet, please refer to the previous chapter for the
information about hardware configuration.

2. Run the emulator by changing to the emulator's directory (if necessary)
and typing on the DOS command line:

	C64S

  The well-known blue C64 screen appears.

3. Press F9 to get to the tape file screen. Select a tape image file using
arrow keys and press Enter. The selected tape is now "open" and you will
enter tape directory screen with the list of files stored in the selected
tape image file. Select a file and press Enter. Now you will be returned to
C64 screen.

4. Press SHIFT+TAB (which equals SHIFT+RUN/STOP), which will load a tape
program and run it automatically.

5. Press F10 to enter the joystick option screen. Configure the joystick port
emulation as you wish. You can even change the keys to emulate joysticks.
IMPORTANT: If you are using analogue PC joystick and you are running the
emulator for the first time, press 'R' and follow the steps to recalibrate
the joystick.

6. After you have finished configuring joystick settings, press ESC to get
back to C64 screen and enjoy the nostalgia. :)

7. You can always press F10 to enter option screen, where you can adjust
numerous emulation settings to improve the behavior of the program you are
running.

8. To leave one program and load another, press CTRL-ALT-DEL to reset the
emulator and proceed from step 3.

9. CTRL-BREAK gets you back to DOS prompt.

________________
4. EMULATOR KEYBOARD


The keyboard layout is the same as the original C64 with some exceptions due
to the different layout of the PC keyboard.

Some special emulator features make the work with the emulator easier. The
tapes and disks to be used with the emulator are stored in a special format
(so-called image files) on the hard disk. You can select the tape position or
a disk using emulator desktop. Emulation settings can be changed either with
the CONFIG program (hardware settings) or in the option screen (other
settings).

The following keys have special meaning:
- F9 enters emulator desktop
- F10 enters joystick option screen
- F11 pressed prevents screen updates
	(Great for uninterrupted sound reproduction)
- ESC is an exit/cancel key
- CTRL+BREAK exits the emulator
- CTRL+ALT+DEL or CTRL+ALT+BackSpace emulates reset
- CTRL+ALT+INS causes brutal reset (for reset-protected programs, actually it
rewrites the CBM80 sign and performs a normal reset)
- PRINT SCREEN captures screen to a Windows bitmap file (filename
C64S0xxx.BMP)

Table of replaced keys with their equivalents:
- C=                    Alt
- Ins/Del               BackSpace
- Clr/Home              Home
- L                     Insert
- (                     Delete
- Run/Stop              Tab
- Restore               F12

Default joystick emulation keys:
- Primary set (1st emulated joystick):
  Default primary set consists of arrow keys and right Alt key.
- Secondary set (2nd emulated joystick):
	W       up
	S       down
	U       left
	I       right
	O       fire
_________________________
5. EMULATOR DESKTOP


Press F9 in the emulator to enter the emulator desktop. The desktop consists
of multiple screens that allow you to manipulate the tape and disk images
used in the emulation.  You can change several emulation parameters, and you
can even monitor the emulator CPU and memory (both C64 and 1541).

The top screen line represents the main menu. Press the Alt key to enter the
main menu. Move around with arrow keys and select a topic by pressing enter.
Or you can select a main menu topic directly by pressing Alt plus the
highlighted letter.

In all the desktop screens, the bottom screen line lists the actions
available. Press the highlighted letter (without Alt) to select the action.
Enter will always select the leftmost action.

The following is the list of desktop screens and functions available:


5.1. TAPE

The tape file screen lets you select the tape image file to be used in the
emulation. Move around with arrow keys, then press Enter to select the tape
or change the directory.  When you select a tape image file, you will enter
the tape directory screen. Move around and press Enter to set the tape
pointer position. You will get back to the emulation screen. When you enter
the LOAD command or (Shift+Tab to LOAD and RUN), the emulator will read a
file from the position set in the tape directory menu. When saving a file,
the emulator will always add a file to the end of the tape image, regardless
of the position set (it will not overwrite anything).


The actions available in the tape file screen are:
- Open
  Opens the highlighted tape image file and enters tape directory screen
(equivalent is Enter).
- Files
  If a tape image file is open, it jumps to the tape directory screen
(equivalent is right arrow key).
- Description
  Lets you edit the highlighted tape's description.
- New
  Enter the file name, tape description and maximum directory size, and the
emulator will create an empty tape image file.

The actions available in the tape directory screen:
- Set
  Sets the tape pointer position and returns to the emulation screen
(equivalent is Enter).
- Tape
  Jumps to the tape file screen (equivalent is left arrow key).
- Name
  Lets you edit the highlighted file's name.
- Delete
  Deletes the highlighted file.
- Import
  Select the file from the file list and the emulator will import it to the
selected tape image file. The files to be imported must be in the two
formats:
- standard 1541 .PRG format: 
  2 bytes - load address, other bytes - file data. 
- German .P00 format
  8 bytes - "C64File" description, zero terminated
  17 bytes - file name, zero terminated
  1 byte - file type (now defaults to 0)
If the file selected is not in one of the listed two formats, you may get
unexpected results.
- Export
  Saves the highlighted file to a .PRG or .P00 file. All other extensions
default to .PRG format (you can not export to a .T64 file).
- Freeze
  Saves the full emulator state in a file. When you load such a file, it will
start automatically from the point when it was saved. This function is not
yet standardized. That means that the files you save with this function may
not be loadable in the forthcoming versions of C64S.


5.2. DISK

  Actions in the disk file screen:
- Select
  Selects the disk image to be used in the emulator (equivalent to pressing
Enter).
- New
  Enter file name, disk title and disk ID and the emulator will create an
empty disk image file. To use it, select it in the disk file screen.


5.3. OPTIONS

  There are two option screens available: the general options screen and the
joystick options screen.
  The option screen actions are:
- Change
  Changes the highlighted option. It either selects the highlighted radio
button, changes the check box status or asks you to edit the highlighted
field. If the radio button list title is highlighted, Change selects the next
radio button.
- Joystick
  Enters joystick option screen.
- General
  Enters general option screen.
- Recalibrate
  Runs joystick recalibration. Move the joystick as the emulator asks you to
recalibrate correctly. If the emulator displays "Cannot recalibrate" message,
run CONFIG and check if analogue joysticks are enabled (the option must be
set to Autodetect). If joystick scanning mode is set to Compensating, try
setting it to Compatible. Save configuration, restart the emulator and run
joystick recalibration.


Options overview:

- Screen refresh
  C64 updates on-screen picture 50 frames per second in PAL or 60 frames per
second in NTSC version. That means the emulator must generate A LOT of video
data and transfer it to the VGA card. As this is the most time consuming part
of the emulation, the emulator allows you to control the screen refresh rate
thus making possible to achieve original emulation speed also on slower PC
computers. However, if the screen refresh rate is too low, it might affect
the animation smoothness, or, in some cases, it will disturb the functions
that depend on accurate screen refresh rates.  For example, some games use
hardware sprite collision detection, which occurs only when the screen is
updated. Keep this in mind if you notice such problems (bullets flying
through objects or similar).
Screen refresh settings:
- Synchronized
  Automatically synchronizes the screen refresh rate with the speed of your
computer. It will autoselect the screen refresh rate between original refresh
rate and the custom frame rate. This way you can limit the lowest frame rate.
It is advised that you input the custom frame rate between 1/3 and 1/10 and
set the screen refresh to synchronized.
- Original
  Selects original screen refresh rate (1/1).
- Custom
  Selects custom screen refresh rate. 1/X means 1 out of X frames is
displayed. 1/1 means each frame is displayed, 1/10 means only every 10th
frame is displayed thus saving 90% time for faster CPU emulation.

- CPU speed
  C64's 6510 CPU runs at a fixed clock speed of around 1 MHz. The emulator
lets you control the CPU speed, which is useful in some applications.
However, to achieve higher CPU speeds you need a fast PC (486/66 will run at
250-450% speed). The percentage displayed in the parentheses in the general
option screen is the current estimated speed.
  CPU speed settings:
- Original
  Tries to near original (100%) speed.
- Maximum
  Forces maximum achievable speed.
- Custom
  Use this setting to force a desired speed.
IMPORTANT: To achieve higher CPU speeds, you must set the screen refresh to
synchronized or to custom at a frame rate in range of 1/10.

- VIC options
  The emulator lets you control sprite emulation in order to gain faster
emulation or to cheat in the games that rely on the VIC chip when detecting
object collisions. Set all options to back to "on" for original emulation.

- Machine type
  There were two major types of C64 machines manufactured for two different
TV standards: PAL (used in Europe) and NTSC (used in USA). Though most of the
programs will run correctly independent of this setting, the emulator lets
you switch between the machine types to gain better compatibility. Try
changing this setting when you notice on-screen garbage or music playing
either too fast or too slow.

- Joystick options
  You can control the emulation of two C64 joystick ports. You can use
keyboard emulation or analogue joystick emulation. To use analogue joysticks,
they must be enabled in the hardware configuration (set to Autodetect) and
successfully recalibrated.
  The emulator allows you to define two joystick key sets. Primary key set is
used, when only one joystick is emulated. Both key sets are used, when both
joysticks are emulated by keyboard. In this case primary key set emulates
joystick port #2, and secondary key set emulates joystick port #1.
  IMPORTANT: When keyboard joystick emulation is enabled, the keys used for
joystick emulation don't respond in the original way anymore. For example: if
key 'A' is used to emulate joystick direction, you won't be able to type the
character 'A'. When such conflicts occur, either press F10 and disable
keyboard joystick emulation, or change the keys used for joystick emulation
so they will not conflict with the keys that need to operate originally. Some
keyboards also behave strangely when multiple keys are pressed at the same
time. This is the most annoying when emulating a joystick.  For example, you
might notice that you can't move up-left and shoot at the same time. If you
notice such or similar behavior, try changing the joystick emulation keys.


5.4. MONITOR

  A built-in monitor lets you watch the programs when running. In the monitor
screen you see:
- 6510 registers (top right)
- 6510 code (top left)
- memory dump (bottom)
  Move around with arrow keys, move faster with Page Up, Page Down, Home and
End keys.
  Data dumped at I/O addresses $D000-$DFFF is the latest data written or read
from the I/O address, it is not always what CPU will read next.

The actions available are:
- Mode
  Switches focus between code and dump.
- Bank
  Selects memory bank. 0-7 selects a C64 bank (equal to low 3 bits of memory
location $01), 8 selects emulated 1541 memory.
- Goto
  Prompts for a new address and jumps to it.
- Where
  Moves code display to the instruction where emulation was interrupted.
- Trace
  Executes one instruction and moves code display.
- Step
  Steps over the instruction skipping code display of subroutine branches. In
case of a subroutine call, the subroutine is executed in debug mode. You can
interrupt subroutine execution by pressing Esc.
- Here
  Sets a breakpoint at the position of code display and runs C64 emulation in
debug mode until CPU reaches the instruction at the breakpoint or Esc key is
pressed.
IMPORTANT: Running C64 emulation in debug mode will cause 30-50% slow down.
Exit debug mode by pressing Esc, once you have finished monitoring the
programs.


5.5. HELP

  On-line help provides basic information the user needs when running C64S.
It is meant more like on-line reference and not a copy of the manual.

  Help usage:
- Use arrow keys to move around topics.
- Press Enter or R to jump to the highlighted topic.
- Press I to get help index.
- Use Page Up and Page down keys to list help screens.

___________
6. TIPS


Q: I selected a disk image file in the disk file screen. How can I use it ?
A: The 1541 drive operates in the original way. The CBM DOS commands (except
format) work, too. Type LOAD"$",8,1 to load directory, LIST to see it,
LOAD"prg name",8 to load a program (you may use wildcards) and RUN to start
it. To load a file to its original address, you need to type LOAD"prg
name",8,1. Run a machine code program writing SYS xxxx, where xxxx is the
program entry address (decimal).

Q: My display does not show the whole C64 screen.
A: Run CONFIG and set display mode to Compatible. This is mandatory if you
use a laptop computer with an LCD display.

Q: When I press certain keys the emulator seems to dump random characters,
arrows and numbers.
A: You need to enter the joystick option screen (press F10) and disable
joystick emulation. C64 scans keyboard and joysticks at the same I/O
addresses and this is a well-known side effect.

Q: Keyboard joystick emulation does not work correctly.
A: Try changing joystick emulation keys (press F10). Note that some keyboards
behave strangely when multiple keys are pressed at the same time. If you
notice that particular keys work O.K. when pressed one by one, but
malfunction when pressed together, you must change the joystick emulation
keys (find a combination that will work O.K. with your keyboard).

Q: I have difficulties using an analogue joystick. What can I do ?
A: You must recalibrate it in the joystick option screen (press F10 and 'R').
If the emulator displays the "Cannot recalibrate" message, exit the emulator,
run CONFIG and check that the analogue joystick option is set to Autodetect.
If the joystick scanning mode is set to Compensating, try setting it to
Compatible. When you change joystick scanning mode, you also need to
recalibrate joysticks in the emulator.   Also, if you are using a single
analogue joystick, try assigning analogue joystick emulation to one port
only.

Q: May I run C64S from Windows, Windows NT or OS/2 ?
A: Yes, but C64S runs much slower in such environments. This slow down
especially affects sound output. If you notice any trouble, you are advised
to run CONFIG, disable sound output (set to No sound) and set joystick
scanning mode to compatible.  Run C64S from plain DOS to gain best
performance.

Q: How can I achieve the highest possible emulation speed ?
A: Enter general options screen. Set the CPU speed to maximum. Set the screen
refresh to custom and enter custom frame rate 1/99. If the application does
not use sprites set show sprites to off. Press ESC and watch your application
go mad. To gain even more speed, run CONFIG and disable sound emulation and
analogue joysticks.

Q: I prefer 320*200 graphics resolution used in the demo version !
A: Run CONFIG and set display mode to Compatible.

Q: What is the best soundcard to be used for the sound emulation ?
A: Gravis UltraSound. It takes the least CPU time and seems to produce the
best output. I am also planning to write a special GUS driver to get crystal
clear C64 sound reproduction in near future.

Q: How can I listen to C64 tunes on a slower PC ?
A: Enter general options screen. First, set CPU speed to original. Set screen
refresh to synchronized and enter custom frame rate 1/10. Now press ESC. If
the sound seems to be disturbed, hold down F11. If this does not help, your
computer is unfortunately too slow.
_____________________
7. COMPATIBILITY


The following is the compatibility list.
+ means implemented and compatible (++ means new from v0.9)
- means not implemented or not compatible
* means planned in the future


  CPU

++ full 6510 instruction set
+ $01 memory banking
+ flags (not 100% compatible in decimal operations)
++ cycle counts
* boundary crossing I/O tricks


  VIC

+ all graphic modes
++ border
++ open border (upper and lower)
+ sprites
++ interrupts: raster, sprite collisions (no light pen IRQ)
+ multiplied sprites
+ hardware scroll
+ shrunk screen
++ cycle exact screen changes
++ DMA
++ screen snapshots
* forced DMA
* full open border (left and right)
* more $D011 and $D016 tricks


  SID

+ supports GUS, SB, DAC and PC speaker
+ all 3 channels
++ 8 bit sampled original waveforms (NEW ORIGINAL SAMPLES !!)
+ ADSR envelope control
+ master volume control
+ pulse width modulation
++ $D418 amplitude output
+ 8000 Hz synthesis
- no channel to channel effects
* a better GUS driver to get crystal clear original sound
* SB AWE 32 native mode driver


  CIA 1

+ keyboard emulation
+ joystick emulation
+ timer A
++ timer B
+ IRQ control
++ time of day (real time, no alarm)
* serial port
* rebindable keyboard


  CIA 2

+ VIC bank select
++ serial bus communication
++ timer A
++ timer B
++ IRQ control
* time of day


  1541

+ ROM level emulation (16K RAM & I/O + 16K ROM)
+ supports CBM DOS 2.6 commands except format
+ fast (ROM trapped) C64 to 1541 connection
+ image file operation
++ 1541 disk transfer utility
++ supports direct serial bus communication
* real 1541 connection
* protection support (sector errors...)
* improved (GCR coded) image file format


  TAPE

+ ROM trapped LOAD and SAVE routines
+ tape image files with directory
+ ultra fast loading
++ TapeIO Turbo Tape loader for PC tape connector
++ MakeTape utility


_____________________
8. FILE TRANSFERS


The emulator uses two types of image files to store the information in the
format C64 programs can handle. There are two types of image files:

- .T64 files represent tape image files. Though the C64 tape drives were slow
and unreliable, this type of storage on PC systems has certain advantages
over other methods. The most important is that a tape image file contains a
tape directory with the information about all the files stored in the image
file. This way you can easily see the contents and select the file you wish
to access. Instead of the slow C64 loader, fast PC routines take care of
loading and saving, thus minimizing the time necessary for such operations.
The last important feature is that multiple C64 files can be stored in one
tape image file. This helps you organize big collections of C64 software. The
emulator provides the tools for manipulating .T64 files: the tools built in
the emulator desktop, MAKETAPE utility for creating tape image files and
importing files, FIXTAPE utility to fix CONV64 created files and TAPEIO
utility, which is a Turbo Tape loader for PC.

- .D64 files represent disk image files. These files are actually a faithful
reproduction of the 1541 formatted floppy disk contents. They contain the
data of all disk sectors in the order they appear on a real 1541 disk. The
emulator emulates a 1541 floppy drive so that emulated C64 programs can read
and write emulated disks just like real disks. Of course, you can store
hundreds of floppy disks to image files and use them simply by selecting them
in the disk file selection screen. The emulator also includes a COM1541
utility that will let you transfer data from 1541 disks to image files.



8.1. Using the COM1541 utility

COM1541 will let you transfer data from 1541 (or compatible) floppy drive to
disk image files that can be used with the emulator. If you have a big
collection of 1541 disks, you can now easily transfer them to your PC system.

To run COM1541 successfully you need to do the following:
If  you are running COM1541 for the first time, run CONFIG and set the 1541
port to your LPT port's I/O address. If you do not know the address, you will
need to experiment to find the right one.
Connect the PC's LPT port and 1541's serial port with the cable (please refer
to file LPT1541.DOC for details about the connection).

Then you can run COM1541 by typing on the command line:

	COM1541

If you are not running COM1541 from the emulator's home directory, you need
to use a switch to specify LPT port I/O address. Use 1 for 278, 2 for 378 and
3 for 3BC. Example:

	COM1541 2

COM1541 will try to connect using LPT port at I/O address 378.

Upon successful program execution the 1541 drive led should blink and the
drive motor start running for a while. A short menu will display on the
screen:

	[D]     Display disk directory
	[I]     Import disk (BAM allocated sectors only)
	[F]     Import full disk (all sectors)
	[X]     Exit

Insert a disk to 1541 drive and press 'D' to see the directory. If  the
directory seems O.K., everything is ready for disk transfer. It is up to you
to select a method of disk transfer. Usually selecting 'I' will transfer the
disks the fastest and correctly. This method will transfer only the sectors
marked as used in the disk Block Allocation Map, but as C64 programmers
managed to do lots of irregular tricks with the 1541 floppies, not all
applications mark the sectors as used. Thus you can press 'F' to select full
disk transfer.

After selecting a transfer method, COM1541 will prompt for a file name. If a
file with the same name already exists it will be rewritten! You do not need
to add an extension, because COM1541 will add .D64 by default. If no file
name is given, the default file name is IMPORT.D64. If this is the case,
rename the file after transferring to avoid possible later difficulties.

When COM1541 finishes transferring the disk, exit with 'X'. The disk image
file is now ready to use with the emulator. Run C64S and check it.



8.2. Using TAPEIO utility

TAPEIO utility is actually a TURBO TAPE compatible loader for PC. The files
loaded without errors are stored to a .T64 file so they can be used
immediately with the emulator. To use it you need to connect a C64 tape
recorder to PC's LPT port (please refer to file LPTTAPE.DOC for details about
connection). A VGA compatible display is necessary for graphic display of
incoming tape data.

The syntax is:

	TAPEIO [tapename[.T64]] [port]

If you are running TAPEIO from the emulator's directory, it will read the
tape port selected with the CONFIG utility (default setting is 378). If you
want to select a different port, you must specify it on the command line. Use
1 for 278, 2 for 378 and 3 for 3BC. Run TAPEIO with no parameters to see the
list of LPT port numbers. TAPEIO will not load anything if the port is not
set correctly.

If a .T64 file with the given name does not exist, the utility creates an
empty tape image file.

When you run TAPEIO, you are first presented with a record joustage screen.
The border flashes and there is a red (dark) vertical line in the middle of
the screen. Now press PLAY on the tape recorder. What you should see on the
screen is the data coming from the tape recorder displayed as yellow graphics
scrolling up. If the communication is O.K., the yellow graphics should form
two jagged stripes. Now you can use Left and Right arrow keys to move the red
line in-between the stripes. Use Up and Down arrow keys to change the display
scale if necessary. This procedure is required to accommodate the loader to
the speed of your computer. You can use a screw driver to adjust the tape
head position in order to improve signal quality.

When the red line is located as described above, press Enter to start the
loader. The loader will start searching for a file header. When a header is
found, all the data is dumped onto the screen. When a file is being loaded,
the border flashes in blue colors and the increasing percentage is displayed
on the screen. This percentage tells the amount of the file already loaded.
If the file is loaded with no errors it is added to the tape image file given
on the command line. TAPEIO will continue loading files until the tape image
directory is full or it is interrupted by pressing ESC.

Press ESC at any time to exit TAPEIO and return to DOS.



8.3. Using MAKETAPE utility

If you transfer C64 files using the shareware X1541 utility, or if you
download them from a FTP site or a BBS, you will probably get the files in
the raw C64 format (with usual extension .PRG). The files look like: 2 bytes
- start address, other bytes - code. MAKETAPE allows you to create empty tape
image files and import raw C64 files. In addition to that MAKETAPE also
imports .P00 files.

The syntax is:

	MAKETAPE [tapename] [file1] [file2] ...

MAKETAPE first checks if tapename.T64 already exists. In this case it opens
the file, otherwise it creates an empty .T64 file with the given name. If the
tapename is succeeded by filenames file1, file2..., MAKETAPE adds each file
listed to the end of the tape file.

Example:
You have a file called JOKE.PRG, which you know is a C64 file. You would like
to create a new tape image file named "JOKES.T64" and import your file, so
you can use it in the emulator. The solution is as simple as that:

	MAKETAPE jokes joke.prg

Run the emulator, enter tape file screen and you will see a new entry "JOKES"
listed among other tape image files. You can edit the description. Open the
tape and "JOKE.PRG" will be listed in the tape directory.


8.4. Using FIXTAPE utility

The first demo version of C64S was released without the MAKETAPE utility. As
a result a quick hack utility CONV64 appeared. In best efforts to translate
C64 software into the .T64 format the respective author simply used the
Cybernoid's header, not knowing that a lot of important information is stored
in the .T64 file. Among other things, the program end address was not
adjusted according to the imported file's size. As a side effect many
crunched programs refused to work, longer programs did not fully load and
BASIC programs complained with an OUT OF MEMORY message. The emulator now
checks if it loads from a CONV64 file and tries to fix the mess. LOAD ERROR
message is generated to inform the user something is wrong. If you notice
such behavior, run FIXTAPE to fix the tape image file. You are encouraged to
make a copy of the file before trying to fix it for safety reasons.

The syntax of FIXTAPE is:

	FIXTAPE [tapename1] [tapename2] ...

FIXTAPE will check all the listed files (tapename.T64). It will display Fixed
upon successful correction or O.K. if the file needs no fixing. Run this
utility with one file tape images only !
_______________
9. CONTACTS


North American Representatives

For sales and support in North America, contact Seattle Lab:

	Seattle Lab
	214 First St.
	Kirkland, WA 98033
	U.S.A.

	Phone:  206.828.9001
	Fax:    206.828.9011
	Email:  lab@seattle.wa.com
	CompuServe:     71202,560
	FTP:    as.seattlelab.com

Author

In case you would like to contact me you can choose among the addresses
listed below. I prefer E-mail, because it's the cheapest, the fastest and I
will always get the messages if addressed to both E-mail addresses. I am
looking forward to hearing ANY ideas on how to improve the emulator (software
and documentation). Also, feel free to ask any questions.

Email:
  miha@rsc3.hermes.si (preferred)
  miha.peternel@abm.gn.apc.org
Email messages to both addresses if possible.

Phone:
  +386-64-311-959 (fax/modem on demand)
  8-11 PM, Central European Time

Snail mail:
  Miha Peternel (for C64S)
  Pot v Bitnje 66
  64000 Kranj
  Slovenia

Special greetings go to: Marko Makela, Uros Platise, Udo van den Heuvel, Jeff
Gilmour, Gert Ensing, Ulrik/Surprise! Productions and Gore/Future Crew.
______________
CONTENTS

1. Introduction
Basic C64S information.
2. Configuration
Hardware configuration guide.
3. First Steps
Step by step introduction to C64S system.
4. In Action
The differences between real and emulated C64.
5. Emulator Desktop
Detailed description of desktop and built-in tools.
6. Tips
Trouble shooting and tailoring emulation.
7. Compatibility
Detailed compatibility list.
8. File Transfers
A guide on file transfers with C64S utilities.
9. Contacts
Getting in touch with the author.
Converting Commodore C64 PractiCalc II files into Excel 4.0 Macintosh   4/22/96


Tools

Commodore C64, 1541 or 1571, telecomm software (ie:Microtechnic Solutions), Commodore modem or RS232 adapter and Hayes modem.
Macintosh, telecomm software (ie:Microphone), modem, Excel 4.0, Word 5.1a or some other good wp software.
Short Phone line.
Box of your favorite cookies.
Carload of patience or a "Pinky and the Brain" episode on video.

PART I - Transferring the files from the C64 to the Mac.  (more info found in "CBM2PC.HLP")

1.    Turn on both cpu's and their respective modems.  If they are close enough, you may see some pulsating 
       screens; not to worry.
2.    Connect the two modems together at the line ports with a short piece of phone line.
3.    Boot up both machines telecomm software.
4.    Set up Microphone's parameters: baud, data bits, parity, stop bits, flow control, etc., to match the C64's 
       telecomm.  Usually,  300-1200 baud, 8 data bits, parity none, 1 stop bits, X-On X-Off. 
       VT-52 terminal, 80 columns, no echo, auto detect, auto-blocks.
5.    Set up the C64 to go on line.
6.    Instruct the C64 software to dial a number, any number.  You are going to fool it into thinking that it is 
       going via phone line to another remote computer.
7.    As the C64 is dialing, enter  "ATA"  in the open Microphone window and press return.  After dialing is 
       complete, the C64 modem should squeal that annoying carrier and after a moment or two, you will see 
       "connect"  on both the C64 screen and the Mac screen.
8.    Type something on both computers keyboards to see that they are indeed connected.  What you type on one 
       should show up on the other's screen.
9.    Remove the telecomm disc from the 1541.  Put in the disc with the PCalc II files.
10.  Locate the files you want to transfer from the directory.  Note their names exactly.  Get out of the directory 
        mode on the telecomm software.
11.  Enter the X-Modem mode, usually it's "Commodore key-X".  Enter the file name exactly and add the 
        following ",s,r".  IE:  "expenses90,s,r".  Don't hit "return" on the C64 yet.  The "S" tells the software that 
        it's a sequential file and the "R"  tells it to read it off disc.  
12.  Hit "Command-R" on the Mac (receive).  You'll get the open/save box.  Select  "X-modem"  protocol and 
       "MacBinary"  mode.  Select a folder where you want to save the files.  I use a folder called "CBM files".
13.  Hit "return" on the C64.
14.  Hit the "receive" button in the open/save box on the Mac.
15.  Fairly soon you will see "attempting to handshake with remote system" in Microphone's transfer window.  
        If all is well, in about 20 seconds you will see signs of life from both machine's screens.  The C64 will 
        probably show you a dot for each block transferred correctly and the Mac will show a status graphic or the 
        words  ' "waiting for or receiving a 128byte block" '.    
16.  Here's where the cookies and patience come in.  My 125 block Commodore file took 45 minutes to transfer 
       at 300 baud.  Obviously, if you have access to an RS-232 adapter and a Hayes type 2400 baud modem, 
       you'll get to eat less cookies.  We all have our druthers. 
17.  When the transfer is done, both machines will let you know it.  Name the new Mac file to save it.

PART II - Making the files readable for Excel.

1.       Open Word 5.1a or other fave wp.
2.       Open the file you want to convert.
3.       Select to "display non-printing special characters" , such as paragraph and tab marks.
4.      "Search and Replace", all paragraph marks with tab marks. Replace all.  This will take some time 
           depending on the size of the file.
5.      "Search and Replace", all  ""  with nothing, not even a space.  Replace all.
6.      "Search and Replace", all  "@"  with nothing, not even a space.  Replace all.
7.       If you're converting a file with repeat row names, such as months, you're in real luck.  
         "Search and Replace", (IE:) JAN with "paragraph mark space JAN", etc.  This will allow you to set start of 
          rows and make for faster conversion.  If your file isn't of this sort, then you must figure out where the 
          start of all the rows are and precede them with a paragraph mark.
8.      Find all the column names at the top of the file and place a paragraph mark after the last name.
9.      Find all the formulas after the column names and place a paragraph mark after the last one or its resultant 
         number.
10.    At the very bottom of the files, find a long section of the number "255" repeating.  Mark and delete it.
11.    Save the file with "Save As" ,   "blah, blah, blah-tab ', just for safety.

PART III - Giving Excel a go at it.

1.     Open Excel.
2.     Locate and highlight the file you want to load in the open/save box.
3.     Click the "text" button.  In the delimiter box, click the "tab" button.  Hit OK.
4.     You'll return to the open/save box.  Click the "open" button.
5.     Here's where the fun begins.  You may get a message about a partial load.  Click OK.  This may take some 
        trial and error.
6.     Apparently, PCalc saved in some odd, but usable sequence.  You should find all of your column names 
        at the top and your formulas and their results below the column names.  There will be extra cells, row and                    
        columns in between. 
7.     Check and see what your row names are looking like.  Do they look like they're fairly correct?  If not, go 
        back to the original file that you opened with Word and do some more work.  Always "Save As".
8.     I found that my rows were 99% correct and what wasn't was useless data.  I found that the columns of 
        numbers were all in alignment, but that their names, formulas and results were shifted 2 to 4 cells to the 
        right.  All this depends on your getting the row names correctly marked (PART II, #7).
9.     Working from left to right across the column names, figure out what's what, rename columns with 
        aligned numbers and removed empty columns and rows.
10.  Now enter Excel formulas in the proper columns and rows.  Delete all the old formulas cell by cell. Copy all 
        the old (PCalc) results to the top of their columns in a separate row, just to compare and check.
11.  Some of this seems time consuming and tedious, but Excel's tools and functions make the job quite fast and 
        easy provided you've done your preformatting well with Word.
12.  In the end, the conversion work once on the Mac for 4 large sheets took 3 hours.  This was much faster then 
        re-entering all the data, believe me.  And my new results were spot on 99.9% of the time, no exaggeration. 

PART IV - Eat and gloat.

1.     Open and finish another box of cookies while watching another episode of "Pinky and the Brain".  
        You deserve it.


NOTE:  These are the basics of "how to".  I imagine that the same could be done with SpeedCalc, Lotus, Claris 
           Works and others.  Good luck.

Thanks to John Iannetta	73510,2152, of the Commodore Apps and Tech forums.
Thanks to Malcolm O'Brian 76703,4243 of the Commodore Apps and Tech forums.
Thanks to Howard Herman 72560,3467 of the Commodore Apps and Tech forums.
Thanks to Supra tech support.
Thanks to Eddie Celletti for loaning me a C64 after mine died.
Thanks to Nat for the loan of the 64 power supply after mine died.
Thanks to Douglas Weber for the loan of his Commodore modem after, guess what?, mine died.
Thanks to John F Davis 73455,43 for his input.
Thanks to Bill(ionaire) for his software and Microtechnic Solutions for theirs.
Thanks to Apple for a fabulous platform that really everyone is still trying to copy in one way or another.
Thanks to, gone but not forgotten, Commodore Business Machines for making a great little machine that all these years later has been responsible, at least partially, for myself and many others earning a living and having some big fun.

If you have questions, please feel free to email me at INTERNET:72477.3077@compuserve.com .

Fritz Lang  4/22/96

This article describes how to connect a Commodore 64 compatible printer to an
IBM PC compatible computer.  The information originally appeared in an article
that I wrote for the Tech Forum section of the March 1995 issue of Nuts & Volts
magazine.  This information may be used and distributed so long as proper
credit is given to the author and Nuts & Volts magazine.  Copyright (C) 1995 by
John Keyerleber and Nuts & Volts Magazine.

The problem with Commodore 64 compatible printers is that these devices use the
Commodore synchronous serial interface to communicate with the C64.  An IBM PC
compatible printer port is a parallel interface, however it is possible to use
this parallel port to emulate the C64 serial interface by constructing a
special cable and writing a little bit of software.

The cable is used to connect the PC DB25 pin parallel printer port to the 6 pin
DIN serial port on the C64 compatible printer.  The parts needed are one DB25
male connector (Radio Shack #276-1429), one 6 pin DIN plug (RS #274-020), and
some six conductor cable (RS #278-874 or equivalent).  Note that the cable
length should be kept to less than six feet.  The wiring connections and signal
descriptions for this cable are given as follows:

Commodore 64 DIN plug pin:    Parallel printer DB25 connector pin:
	1 (SRQ IN)                    2 (DATA0)
	2 (GND)                       20 (GND)
	3 (SER ATN)                   3 (DATA1)
	4 (SER CLK)                   4 (DATA2)
	5 (SER DAT)                   5 (DATA3)
	6 (RST)                       6 (DATA4)

The software uses the PC parallel port to emulate a C64 serial port.  The
example program, C64.C (Listing 1), is written in Borland's Turbo C.  It reads
input and sends each character to the printer.  It can be used as a filter in
an MS-DOS command line pipe.  For example, DOS commands such as:  dir | c64
would print a directory listing, or type a_file | c64 would print the contents
of a file.

I have also written an MS-DOS device driver which can be used to allow any PC
application to print to a C64 compatible printer, and it supports multiple
printers connected to a single PC parallel port.  The listing for this software
is too lengthy to print, however I will make this software and assembled cables
available to Commodore 64 enthusiasts for a nominal charge; just write me for
details.  With these C64 compatible printers often selling for less than $25 at
garage sales and flea markets, it's easy to add a couple of additional
"scratch" printers to any PC system.

John Keyerleber
26300 Chardonview Drive
Cleveland, OH  44143
(216) 261-9676
E-mail:  jkeyerleber@bailey.com

Listing 1:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <dos.h>

#define  PORTADR  0x378    // LPT1=0x378, LPT2 = 0x278
#define  PRINTADR 0x04     // C64 compatible printer address
#define  SRQ      0x01     // C64 SRQ IN signal
#define  ATN      0x02     // C64 ATN signal
#define  CLK      0x04     // C64 CLK signal
#define  DAT      0x08     // C64 DAT signal
#define  RST      0x10     // C64 RST signal

// function prototypes
void initc64(void);
void putc64(unsigned char);
void puts64(char *);
void putbyte(unsigned char, unsigned char);

// function main() loops to read input characters and send them to the printer
void main(void)
{
	char buff[128], *ptr;

	initc64();
	while(fgets(buff, 80, stdin))
	{
		for(ptr = buff; *ptr; putc64(*ptr++));
	}
}

// function init64() initializes the driver and the C64 compatible printer
void initc64(void)
{
	// set initial port output value to all bits high
	outportb(PORTADR, RST | SRQ | ATN | CLK | DAT);

	// initialize printer: RST=0, then RST=1
	outportb(PORTADR, SRQ | ATN | CLK | DAT);
	delay(250);
	outportb(PORTADR, RST | SRQ | ATN | CLK | DAT);
	delay(2250);

	// Set printer to listener: ATN and CLK low, printer will ACK with DAT low
	outportb(PORTADR, RST | SRQ | DAT);
	while((inportb(PORTADR) & DAT));

	// Send printer address (currently set for address 4)
	putbyte(0x20 | PRINTADR, 0);

	// Send printer mode
	putbyte(0x67, 0);
}

// function putc64() sends a byte of data (byteval) to the C64 compatible printer
void putc64(unsigned char byteval)
{
	// Check for upper/lower case conversion
	if (isalpha(byteval))
	{
		byteval = (isupper(byteval)) ? tolower(byteval) : toupper(byteval);
	}
	// Send character
	putbyte(byteval, ATN);
}

// function putbyte clocks the actual byte to the C64 compatible printer bit by bit
void putbyte(unsigned char byteval, unsigned char mode)
{
	register int bitloop;

	// Set CLK high, printer will ACK with DAT high
	outportb(PORTADR, RST | SRQ | CLK | DAT | mode);
	while(!(inportb(PORTADR) & DAT));

	// Loop to output bits of data
	delay(1);
	for (bitloop=0; bitloop<8; bitloop++)
	{
		outportb(PORTADR, RST | SRQ | ((byteval & 1) ? DAT : 0) | mode);
		delay(1);
		outportb(PORTADR, RST | SRQ | CLK | ((byteval & 1) ? DAT : 0) | mode);
		delay(1);
		byteval >>= 1;
	}

	// Set CLK low and DAT high for end of byte, printer will ACK with DAT low
	outportb(PORTADR, RST | SRQ | DAT | mode);
	while((inportb(PORTADR) & DAT));
}

To all who may be interested:

I have some original Commodore 64 software disks with manuals, cartridges,
and documentation. If anyone wants any of it, reply via E-mail. In most
cases all that you would have to provide is a SASE (self addressed, stamped
envelope). There is no charge for any of this, unless I have to send what
you want in a huge box. All you would need to do is just pay for the 
shipping charges. I've noticed that some others try to make a few bucks on
the shipping charges. I will not do that. The post office is a block away
and I don't mind investing a few minutes to find out what the cost will be.

Here is what I have that's up for grabs:

Originals:
Sublogic Flight Simulator II w/Pilot's Handbook and Flight Physics manual
Easy Script 64 w/manual
The Manager    w/manual
Superbase 64   w/manual
GEOS           w/manual
Mind Prober    w/manual  (Human Edge Software)
Talking Terminal w/manual, Easy Speech w/manual, and cartridge
Masters of Time          (Cosmi Software)
Super Expander Cartrige w/manual
Magic Desk Cartridge
Music Data Midi Interface
Vic 20 Cartriges: Jupiter Lander, Cosmic Cruncher, & Sargon Chess
Vic 2	Biorythm tape
1571 Disk Drive User's guide

Email me at 105547,2714. (105547,2714@Compuserve.Com)

No one in my area needs any of these items, and I can't bring myself to just
toss it in the garbage can.

Stan
105547,2714

(PS: If you think I should toss it in the garbage, tell me.)
(Garbage goes out on Monday nights.)
========================================


     The program C-64 Wedge, which comes
with your 1541 Disk Drive Test Disk, is
a special program which will allow you
much easier handling of ALL disk 
operations.  When you want to use it,
just type in:
          LOAD"C-64 WEDGE",8
It will LOAD quickly for you, and when
you RUN it, it boots in the actual
machine language coding for phe spe9s. 
|leave the diskette in the drive until
you see the COPYRIGHT notice for DOS5.1
on your screen.

     These are the actual syntax of the
new DOS 5.1 Disk D`ive Commands:
=======================================
COMMAND                  WEDGE SYNTAX
=======================================
LOAD"name",8             /name
LOAD"name",8,1           %name
SAVE"name",8       <back arrow>name
         to save with replace:
SAVE"@0:name",8    <back arrow>@0:name
LOAD"name",8 & RUN it    ^name
======5====8==
     Remember all of the following
       commands to the disk may be
         prefaced with either
         a GREATER THAN sign  >
            or an  'AT' sign  @
===============
Read Error Channel       >  <<RETURN>>
Scratch File (erase)     >S:name
Form	 Disk (NEW)        >N:name,ID#
Initialize Drive         >I
Validate Disk            >V
Rename File       >R:new name=old name
Copy File(s)      >C:new name=old name*
  ****COPY can also be used to CONCAT
       up to 4 files!  SYNTAX follows:
     >C:NewName=oldfile1,:oldfile2,:oldfile3,:oldfile4                          Switch to device 9       >#9 (any dev#)
Kill the wedge           >Q
===============

Reading the Disk Directory:

     The wedge allows you to read the
directory of ANY diskette without
e	sing the program you already have in
memory!  Do it like this:
     >$
When you press RETURN the disk will 
start, and you will see the directory
displayed for you on the screeen.
If you need it to pause, just press the
space bar once, stopping it.  To 
continue reading the rest of the 
directory, press any key.

===============

     One more thing, The wedge will
sometimes interfere with other machine
language operations.  It will also 
botch up some RS 232 applications and
it positively makes CASSETTE 	le
reads and writes messy and impossible!
(although I have tested it with tape
 PROGRAM save and loads, and it works
 100% on the nose.)
===============

Get into the habit of using the wedge!
You'll find that it is one of the most
useful tools Commodore has supplied to
us since the hardware itself!

     A couple more hints for you:
         1. Put a WEDGE on EVERY disk!
         2. Rename it on your working
            diskettes.  I use an ! for
            the name of it on my disks.
            Then a	 i do is power-up
            and type in:
              LOAD"!",8
            and I'm in business!

The program called C-64 WEDGE is a 
regular BASIC boot, and can be saved in
the regular manner.  However, since it
calls the machine language program,
DOS 5.1, you need BOTH programs to
create a WEDGE and  DOS 5.1 cannot
be saved from a regular old BASIC save!
 You can do it from within a MONITOR,
such as SUPERMON (which is here).
Or, there are several programs floating
around in the public domain which wi	
copy the 2 programs onto any disk for
you.  A good Copy program will also do
the trick.  Check here, I know that
there are several listed.
=======================================
=======================================
           **END OF FILE*/tcnt
*MODIFY C-64 TO 1701 CBM MONITOR CABLE*
     THE FOLLOWING TEXT OUTLINES A MODIFICATION OF THE AUDIO/VIDEO CABLE 
WHICH ACCOMPANIES COMMODORE'S NEW MONITOR.
     AS PACKAGED, THE CABLE ATTACHES TO THE MONITOR'S TWO FRONT INPUTS, BUT 
THE RESULTING CONTRAST IS POOR. A SIMPLE MODIFICATION OF THE CABLE'S MULTI-
PIN PLUG ALLOWS CONTRAST WHICH VERY NEARLY EQUALS THAT OF AFTER-MARKET, THREE-
INPUTS, REAR ATTACHING CABLES.
     NATURALLY, FIRST TURN OFF YOUR C-64 AND MONITOR, THEN DISCONNECT THE 
TWO "PHONO-PLUG" MONITOR INPUTS AND THE MULTI-PIN C-64 OUTPUT PLUG.
     HOLD THE MULTI(5)-PIN PLUG WITH THE PINS FACING YOU. POSITION THE 
"INDENT" (THE SMALL INWARDLY PROTRUDING METAL 'HUMP' WHICH POSITIONS THE 
PLUG DURING INSERTION) AT 12O'CLOCK (FACING UPWARDS). THE PLUG'S FIVE PINS 
SHOULD NOW BE LOCATED AT THE 4,5,6,7, AND 8O'CLOCK POSITIONS.
     USING A PIECE OF THIN STIFF WIRE (LIKE A THIN PAPERCLIP) AND A PAIR OF 
NEEDLE-NOSED PLIERS, CONNECT THE 7 AND 8O'CLOCK PINS VIA A "FIGURE-EIGHT" 
WRAPPING OF WIRE; TWO PASSES ARE PLENTY. FIT AND TIRM THE WIRE SO AS TO 
AVOID ITS TOUCHING THE PLUG'S CASING OR ANOTHER PIN.
     NOW PUSH THE WIRE WR	PING TO THE PLUG'S BASE, REASSURE THAT THE WIRE 
AVOIDS THE CASING AND OTHER PINS, AND THAT'S IT!!! YOUR MONITOR'S CONTRAST 
SHOULD BE GREATLY IMPROVED!!!
     MIKE SCHMEHL; 75305,26

DOCUMENTATION FOR THE CAD SYSTEM
Version 3.0
by Stephen P. Nye
70366,1316


The CAD system was written to do electronic schematics and other line drawings on the Commodore 64. It is based on a package of USR calls (USERML) found on
the

Commodore SIG of the CompuServe Information Service.

The system will support one or two drives. It will default to the two drive option. To use CAD with only one drive all you have to do is answer '8' to the
file

disk prompt that appears when the program is first booted. The default can easily be changed. Just load the 'boot' program and list the first line. There is a
definition statement for d1 (d1=???). Just replace this statement with 'd1=d0'. Then scratch the old boot and save the new version. To avoid confusion, this
documentation will assume that two drives are used and the drives are assigned as follows:

     Drive number 8 contains the program disk.
     Drive number 9 contains the file disk.

NOTE: The CAD system is very disk intensive. It is continuously accessing new information on the disk drive. For this reason it is very important not to
remove

the program disk from the drive unless prompted by the program to do so.

The CAD system will support either a joystick or the 1350 mouse plugged into Port 2 of the computer.




GETTING STARTED

To use the CAD, type "load 'boot',8" and then "run".

The first prompt will ask for the file drive number. If you are using two drives, this prompt will default to the 'other' drive. The system detects which
drive

was used for the boot and assigns the files to the second drive. To accept the default just press RETURN. To enter a drive assignment other than the default
just press the number of the drive (no RETURN).

The system will then present a credits screen. These people have been major contributors to the development of the CAD package. Then the system will show the
loading of the three major machine language packages USRML, SYSPKG and SYSPKGII. 

You will then be prompted whether to 'Erase present screen'. This prompt is present as a safeguard against a system crash. Should you suffer a crash while
working on a hires screen, DO NOT TURN OFF THE COMPUTER. Press RUN/STOP RESTORE. The screen will clear but the cursor will not be visible. CAREFULLY type
SYS64738 and press RETURN. The computer should do a cold boot and you will see the Commodore start-up screen. Load the 'boot' program as before and when
prompted for 'Erase present screen' answer by pressing 'n' (or anything but 'y'). The hires screen you were working on should still be intact and you can
resume working.

After answering the erase prompt, the system will delay a short time and then load the main menu. This is one of three menus in the system. The others are
reached by pressing m, M or Commodore(C=) m. It is not necessary to go to a menu to move from one program to another. In most cases, just press the key for
the

command you desire and the system will automatically load the necessary information for that command. If at any time you get lost a series of RETURNs should
get you back to the main menu.

While viewing the main menu it should be pointed out that there are several command keys that work from within almost all functions. They are:

! -> allows you to toggle between the two available hires screens (screen 1 is always the screen being viewed).

# -> inverts screen 1. Turns on all off pixels and turns off all on pixels.

& -> adds screen 2 to screen 1. Screen 2 is unaffected by this operation.

= -> copies screen 1 to screen 2. The information in screen 2 is lost.

CLR -> pressing the CLEAR key will erase screen 1.

DEL -> pressing the DEL key will normally undo the last draw performed. This function will not work if the mouse button, or another command key, has been
pressed since the last draw.




TYPICAL OPERATION

Before looking at all the commands available, let's take a look at how a typical command function will work. For our example we will use the 'b'ox routine. To
access this routine press 'b' when the main menu appears.

When you press 'b' the system will access the drive for a short time and then the hires screen will appear. A crosshairs will appear on the hires screen. This
is the hires cursor. You can move this cursor around the hires screen using the mouse. Notice that the cursor moves in 6 dot increments. The number of dots
that the cursor moves each time is adjustable from 1 to 9 by pressing the appropriate number. There is also a 'SuperSpeed' value of 25 available by pressing
0.

You will find that this feature allows you to move around the screen at a fast pace, while also allowing you exact pixel placement.

Move the cursor to a point that will be one corner of the box you wish to draw and press the mouse button. You will notice that a small cross appears in the
center of the cursor. When you move the cursor the cross will remain in place to remind you of where the first point was placed. Move to the point that will
be

the diagonally opposite corner of the box and press the mouse button again. The CAD will draw a box using these two points to determine where the lines will
be. If you make a mistake just press DEL and the box will be erased.

Note that in this, as most routines, you may use the command keys ! # & = CLR and DEL.




DRAWING ROUTINES

What follows is a list of the available commands. They are listed alphabetically; lower case, upper case and then Commodore(C=) key. In these descriptions,
the

term marker refers to the small cross that is placed on the hires screen each time the mouse button is pressed. Most routines can be exited by pressing any
command key, and ALL routines can be exited by pressing RETURN.

a -> ARCS uses two markers to determine the beginning and end of a quarter circle. The circle segment is always drawn counter-clockwise from the first marker
to the second.

A -> BROKEN LINES uses two markers to determine the beginning and end of a dashed line. When you choose this key, you will be prompted for the length of the
line segment, and the length of the space between line segments. Note that broken lines can be drawn only horizontally and vertically.

C=a -> LOAD DOODLE COMPRESSED FORMAT. Will load a CSlide format hires file into screen 1. When the load is complete you will be presented with two options.
Pressing '!' will switch the screen 1 information into screen 2 and allow you to load another file into screen 1. The information in screen 2 will be lost.
Pressing '*' will allow you to re-try a load into screen 1 in case you mis-type the filename or place the wrong disk in the file drive. The prefix 'jj' is
automatically added to the filename.

b -> BOX will use two markers to indicate diagonally opposite corners of a rectangle.

B -> BOXES (SOLID) uses two markers as in box. The rectangle is filled with the foreground color.

C=b -> SAVE DOODLE COMPRESSED FORMAT. Will save screen 1 in CSlide format. When the save is finished, you will be presented with the same two options as in
C=a. The information in screen 2 will NOT be lost by choosing '!'. The prefix 'jj' is automatically added to the filename.

c -> CIRCLES (DIAMETER) will use two markers to indicate the diameter of a circle. The system will automatically calculate the center and draw the circle. By
pressing '+' before placing the first marker you may toggle a center marker on and off. If on, this will place a small + at the center of the circle when
drawn.

C -> CIRCLES (RADIUS) will use the first marker as the center of the circle. The second marker will determine the radius of the circle. The center marker is
also available in this command.

C=c -> You will be presented with a menu of Function key definitions. When you press one of the keys, the system will switch to the hires screen. Using the
function keys you may cycle through the available colors for foreground, background, and cursor color. The system will keep these colors until they are again
changed or the system is re-booted. You may change the default colors by changing the definitions in the 'boot' program. The lines are REM'ed. (See n) To exit
this program press RETURN.

d -> DISCS (DRAW) will use two markers as in 'c'. The circle will be filled with the foreground color.

D -> DISCS (ERASE) will use two markers as in 'c'. The circular area will be erased.

C=d -> DISK FUNCTIONS will allow you to change the disk assignments, view a directory or issue any valid 1541 DOS command. The directory and disk commands are
directed to the file drive.

e -> ERASE (LINE) uses two markers to determine the beginning and end of a line segment. This line segment will be erased.

E -> ERASE (BOX) uses two markers as in 'b' to determine a rectangular area that will be erased.

C=e -> LOAD RLE FORMAT will allow you to load hires data saved in an ASCII Run Length Encoded (RLE) file. When this program is first loaded you will be
viewing

the hires screen. There will be a large box overlaid on the hires screen. Use the mouse to move this box around the screen. The RLE file is not as large as
the

hires screen and therefore can be loaded into several (18) different locations. When you have the marker where you wish the file loaded, press the mouse
button

and the system will prompt for the filename to load. The suffix '.rle' is automatically appended to the filename. You will then be offered the choice to try
the load to screen 1 again (*) or switch screens and load screen 2 (!). 

f -> FIGURES is one of the more complex commands available in CAD. This command depends on a figure library stored on the file disk. There are a number of
figure libraries available and you can create your own using the 'W'indow command or the stand-alone Figure Draw program. When the cursor re-appears, press
the

key corresponding to the figure you wish to draw. Note that while figures are stored on disk with a filename of ?.fig, you only need to press the first letter
key. The cursor will be replaced with the figure stored under that name. You may rotate the figure 90 degrees at a time in the counter-clockwise direction by
pressing the British pound sign key. You may move this figure around the hires screen using the mouse. Pressing the mouse button will copy the figure onto the
hires screen at its present location. To exit this routine press RETURN.

F -> FREEHAND DRAW will allow you to move around the hires screen. While the mouse button is depressed the cursor will draw as it moves.

C=f -> SAVE RLE FORMAT will allow you to save a section of the hires screen in an ASCII Run Length Encoded (RLE) file. You will be presented with the large
overlaid box as in C=e. Move the box to enclose the area you wish to save and press the mouse button. The system will then prompt you for the filename. The
suffix '.rle' is automatically appended to the filename. You will then be offered the choice to try the load to screen 1 again (*) or switch screens and load
screen 2 (!). 

G -> GRID will draw a gridwork on screen 1. This grid becomes a part of the hires screen and cannot be easily removed. You will be prompted for the spacing
between the lines in both the horizontal and vertical directions. When the grid is drawn, the program will wait until you press another key.

h -> HEXAGONS uses three markers. The first one determines the horizontal axis for the hexagon and one side limit. The second marker determines the other side
limit, and the height of the hexagon is automatically calculated.

i -> INDICATORS ON will draw scales across the left edge and bottom of both hires screens. An indicator will appear on each scale showing the present position
of the cursor. These scales are set up for the Gemini SG10 printer and may not be accurate for other printers. When this routine is done, it will wait for you
to press another key.

I -> INDICATORS OFF will erase the scales drawn by 'i' and turn off the indicators over these scales. When this routine is done, it will wait for you to press
another key.

j -> VERTICAL FANOUT is useful for drawing the individual lines to a chip on an electronic schematic. The first marker indicates the beginning for all lines
drawn. After the first marker is positioned, each time the mouse button is pressed a line is drawn from the first marker to the second. All lines will be
drawn

up or down from the first marker to the vertical position of the second, and then across the screen to the second marker. To move the origin of the lines,
move

the cursor over the first marker and press the mouse button again. This will release the first marker so you can relocate it.

J -> HORIZONTAL FANOUT works much like 'j'. The lines will be drawn horizontally from the first marker to the vertical position of the second, and then up or
down to the second marker. The first marker can be relocated as in 'j'.

k -> ELLIPSE uses three markers. The first marks the horizontal axis of the ellipse and one side. The second marks the other side of the ellipse, the vertical
position of this marker is ignored. The third determines the height of the ellipse, the horizontal position of this marker is ignored.

K -> PARALLEL LINES is useful for drawing lines on one screen parallel to a line on the other screen. The first two markers determine the angle of the line.
These are usually placed over an existing line. After these two markers are positioned and the mouse button is again pressed, the cursor will only move on a
line parallel to the marked line. The next two markers, and subsequent marker pairs, are used to determine the ends of the line to be drawn. This routine
works

best if the first two markers are as far apart as possible.

l -> LINES uses two markers to determine the beginning and end of the line to be drawn.

L -> LINES (CONTINUOUS) works much like 'l'. When a line is drawn, the first marker is moved to the end of the new line and becomes the beginning of the
second

line. In this way, lines are drawn end-to-end. To move the first marker, press the button a second time at the end of a line.

C=l -> LOAD DOODLE FORMAT will load a Doodle! compatible file (37 blocks) into screen 1. You will then be offered the choice to try the load to screen 1 again
(*) or switch screens and load screen 2 (!). The prefix 'dd' is automatically added to the filename.

m -> MORE DRAWING ROUTINES will display a second menu of command keys.

M -> EVEN MORE DRAWING ROUTINES will display a third menu of command keys.

C=m -> SPECIAL FUNCTIONS will display a menu of Commodore keys.

n -> ENQUIRE is a routine that will supply information not available elsewhere in the package. When you choose 'n' the hires screen will appear with the
cursor. Press the mouse button twice and the information screen will appear.

o -> ZOOM. When you choose this command the cursor will change to a large box. Move this box over the area you wish to zoom in on and press the left arrow
key.

You may then move around the zoom screen in the same manner as in hires mode. The mouse button will toggle pixels on and off. When you have finished, press
the

left arrow key again to return to the hires screen. The changes you make in the zoom screen are automatically moved to the hires screen.

O -> STAMP. When you choose this command the cursor will change to a small box. Move this box to the area of the hires screen you wish to use as a stamp and
press 'p' to pick it up. The area of the hires screen will be copied to the cursor. Move to the point where you wish to place the copy of the cursor and press
the mouse button. The cursor will be copied to that point on the hires screen. You may make as many copies as you desire by moving the cursor to another
location and pressing the button again. To recover the box cursor and pick up another piece of the hires screen, press CLEAR, move to the new area of the
hires

screen, and press 'p' again. The stamp is done by one of three methods; 'a'nd-ing, 'o'r-ing and 'x'or-ing with the hires information already present. In the
AND mode, chosen by pressing 'a', when you press the button, any dot that is on in the cursor AND the hires screen, will remain on. All others are turned off
(erased). In the OR mode, chosen by pressing 'o', any dot that is on in the cursor OR the hires screen will be turned on in the hires screen. In the XOR mode,
chosen by pressing 'x', any dot that is on in the cursor but not the hires screen is turned on in the hires screen. Also, any dot that is on in the hires
screen but not in the cursor is left on in the hires screen. All dots that are off in both the cursor and hires screen, and all dots that are on in both, are
turned off. The default is 'a'. You can change this option at any time by pressing the appropriate key. You may also flip the cursor horizontally by pressing
'h', and vertically by pressing 'v'. You may also invert the cursor information (turn all on dots off and all off dots on) by pressing 'i'. Exit this routine
by pressing RETURN.

p -> PARALLELOGRAMS uses three markers to indicate three corners of a parallelogram. The program will calculate the fourth corner and draw the object. If the
fourth corner is off the hires screen, the program will turn off the three markers without drawing and return to the beginning.

P -> POLAR COORDINATES is useful for drawing a line of specific length at a specific angle. Move the cursor to the origin of the line you desire and press the
mouse button. The system will prompt for the length of the line (r) and the angle (theta). Theta is measured counter-clockwise from the horizontal axis
extending to the right of the origin, and is measured in degrees. If the line will extend off the screen the system will refuse to draw the line and will
inform you that the line is too long. Pressing RETURN in this case will return you to the hires screen to try again.

C=p -> PRINT MENU will present you with a menu of printer programs. At present there are five print options for the Star SG10 and two for the MPS-801.

Q -> QUIT CAD will exit CAD and reset the computer.

r -> RECTI-LINEAR LINES uses two markers to indicate the beginning and end of two joined line segments. The system will first draw a line horizontally from
the

first marker to the X position of the second, then vertically from the end of the first line segment to the second marker.

R -> RADIAL LINES uses the first marker as the origin of all lines. As additional markers are placed on the hires screen, the system will draw lines from the
first marker to these markers. To move the origin to another location, place the cursor over the first marker and press the mouse button. This will release
the

first marker so you can relocate it.

C=r -> LOAD HIRES FORMAT allows you to load an 8K hires data file (33 blocks) into screen 1. You are then given the option of re-trying the load into screen 1
(*) or switching the screens and loading the second screen (!).

s -> SNAP will use two markers to draw a line. The horizontal and vertical displacements of the second marker are compared and the smaller of the two is
ignored. This results in a line always being drawn either horizontally or vertically from the first marker.

C=s -> SAVE DOODLE FORMAT allows you to save screen 1 in a Doodle! compatible file (37 blocks). You are then given the option of re-trying the save into
screen

1 (*) or switching the screens and saving the second screen (!). The prefix 'dd' is automatically added to the filename.

t -> TEXT is similiar to the 'f'igure program. The program will prompt you for the file disk number. Then it will present two additional prompts, spacing
between figures in pixels and spacing between lines. Then it will return you to the hires screen and the cursor will contain an arrowhead. When a key is
pressed the system will consult the file disk and draw that figure at the cursor location. It will then move the cursor the specified number of pixels past
the

edge of the figure. Using the cursor up/down key you may move up or down by the number of pixels you stipulated for line spacing. Note that the cursor is
automatically moved in the direction of the arrowhead. You may rotate the arrowhead 90 degrees at a time by pressing the British pound sign. Notice that the
orientation of the figure is also rotated. This program is most useful in conjunction with any of the many character sets available for CAD. Within this
program you may use the mouse button to erase a rectangular area as in 'E'.

u -> DRAW RLE BORDER allows you to draw a border enclosing an RLE section of the screen. Since the RLE hires area is smaller than the hires screen, it is
beneficial to have a way to indicate the limits of the RLE area. This program will draw a border that is one pixel outside the RLE area on all sides. The
border can be drawn in any of the 18 possible RLE positions on th hires screen. When this program first runs, you will be returned to the hires screen and the
cursor will change to a large overlaid box as in the C=e command. Move this box to where you wish the border drawn and press the mouse button. The system will
draw a border on the hires screen and then wait for you to press another key.

U -> ERASE RLE BORDER will erase an RLE border drawn by the 'u' command. It functions in the same manner, showing you the hires screen with the large overlaid
box. Move the box until it is just inside the RLE border and press the mouse button. The border will be erased, and the system will wait here until you press
another key.

w -> WAVEFORMS will present you with a menu of waveform routines. These routines all work the same way. The first marker determines the starting point and the
axis for the waveform. The second marker determines the end point, the height, and which half-cycle is drawn first. Only one cycle is drawn at a time.

W -> WINDOW. This program will allow you to pick up a section of the hires screen and copy it to another location. It allows more precise positioning of the
section than the stamp option. By pressing F1 you can save the section as a figure file to a figure library disk.

C=w -> SAVE HIRES FORMAT allows you to save screen 1 in an 8K data file (33 blocks). You are then given the option of re-trying the save into screen 1 (*) or
switching the screens and saving the second screen (!).

x -> CROSSHATCH allows you to crosshatch a rectangular area marked as in 'b'ox. You are first prompted for the orientation of the crosshatch lines (horizontal
or vertical) and the spacing between lines (1 to 9 pixels). The default values are highlighted.

y -> MARK SCREEN2 Y LOCATION will put a small mark on the left edge of the second screen at the present cursor location whenever the mouse button is pressed.

Y -> MARK SCREEN2 X LOCATION will put a small mark on the bottom of the second screen at the present cursor location whenever the mouse button is pressed.

z -> DRAW BORDER will draw a single line border around both screens.

Z -> ERASE BORDER will erase a single line border around both screens.




CAD MEMORY MAP

The CAD system utilizes the C64 memory in the following manner:

$0000-$00FF     Zero page
$0100-$01FF     Stack
$0200-$03FF     C64 operating system space
$0400-$07FF     Text screen
$0800-$5FFF     BASIC program area
$6000-$7FFF     Hires screen 1
$8000-$8FFF     SYSPKGII
$9000-$9FFF     SYSPKG
$A000-$BFFF     Temporary hires screen (Oops)
$C000-$CFFF     USRML
$D000-$DFFF     C64 I/O space
$E000-$FFFF     Hires screen 2




USERML DOCUMENTATION

The package 'usrml' is used to handle all of the hires work that would consume so much time in BASIC. 

The machine language file is loaded with the following command:
    load"user.ml",8,1

You will need to initialize the usr jmp vector at locations 785 and 786:
    poke785,0
    poke786,193
This sets the usr vector to $c100.


NOTE: The 'boot' program in cad will take care of loading and initializing for you.

    USAGE NOTES:

    (1). The RUNSTOP/RESTORE key sequence will not properly recover to the standard BASIC map as it does not clear the bit map mode (bmm).
    Add the following code to your program during developement:
    60000 a=usr(0),0,1,4:a=usr(1):a=usr(17):a=usr(19):a=usr(21)
    If your program crashes during debug clear the screen with (shift clr-home)  and type the following. 
    goto60000
    ------------------
    NOTE: There will be garbage on the screen while you are typing this so type carefully!

    (2). All numbers passed to the USR program must be in the range of 0 to 65535 (decimals will be truncated) or there will be an illegal quantity error

(3). If the expected number of variables are not passed to the USR call there will be a SYNTAX ERROR.

    (4). If the variable is a byte or flag type the program will automatically mask off unwanted bits.   
    (5). X-Y plotting will allow for positive wrap-around. X-Y may be any value between 0 and 65535 and the USR routines will automatically 
     plotx=mod(320,x)
     ploty=mod(200,y)

    (6). The SID routines maintain an internal image of the write only sid registers. This allows for simplified commands such as voice on or voice off.

     CONVENTIONS     
     ----------------

     ,b   0 to 255 (byte)
     ,db  0 to 65535 (double-byte)
     ,fl  = 0  flag off/clr
     ,fl  <>0  flag set/on
     
     SYNTAX
     ----------------

     a=usr(1)      (implied function)
     a=usr(32),b
     a=usr(9),db
     a=usr(90),b,fl,fl,fl
     a=usr(0),0,1,4
     a=usr(aa)
     a=usr(bb(c))
     a=usr(aa%)

     USR COMMAND LIST
     ----------------

 a=usr(0),b,b,b     preset vic map to bank 0-3,
                    video mem 0-15, video base 0 to 14
                    step by 2
 a=usr(1)           execute preset map
 a=usr(2)           reset previous map
 a=usr(3),b         set bit map to b (b 0-255)
 a=usr(4),b         set color ram to col
 a=usr(5),b,b       set plot colors fg,bg
                    (fg 0-15,bg 0-15)
 a=usr(6),b,b       set bgc reg bkgd,col
                    (bkgd 0-3,col 0-15)
 a=usr(7),b         set border col
 a=usr(8),b,b       copy char rom rom,base
                    rom 0-1
                    base 0-14 step 2
 a=usr(9),db        set top of basic
 a=usr(10),db       set start of basic
 a=usr(16)          set bmm
 a=usr(17)          clr bmm
 a=usr(18)          set ecm
 a=usr(19)          clr ecm
 a=usr(20)          set mcm
 a=usr(21)          clr mcm
 a=usr(22)          set 38 columns
 a=usr(23)          set 40 columns
 a=usr(24)          turn off video
 a=usr(25)          turn on  video
 a=usr(26)          set 24 rows
 a=usr(27)          set 25 rows
 a=usr(28),b        scroll y  0-7
 a=usr(29),b        scroll x  0-7
 a=usr(30),b,b,b    copy sprite to bit map x 0-39 y 0-24
                    sprite area 0-255
 a=usr(32),b        sprite on  0-7
 a=usr(33),b        sprite off 0-7
 a=usr(34),db,b,b   move sprite x,y,sprite
                    x 0-319
                    y 0-199
                    sprite 0-7
 a=usr(35),b,b      set sprite,color
                    sprite 0-7
                    color  0-15
 a=usr(36),b        set sprite mcm on
                    sprite 0-7
 a=usr(37),b        set sprite mcm off
                    sprite 0-7
 a=usr(38),b,b      mcm register 0-1,
                    color 0-15
 a=usr(39),b,b      set sprite,map
                    sprite 0-7
                    map 0-255
 a=usr(40),b,b      copy sprite map,(to)map
                    map 0-255,(from)
                    map 0-255
 a=usr(41)          kill and home sprites
 a=usr(42)          read background reg.
 a=usr(43)          read sprite collision register
 a=usr(44),b        sprite horz on
                    sprite 0-7
 a=usr(45),b        sprite horz off
                    sprite 0-7
 a=usr(46),b        sprite vert on
                    sprite 0-7
 a=usr(47),b        sprite vert off
                    sprite 0-7
 a=usr(48)          sprite bckgd set
 a=usr(49)          sprite bckgd clr
 a=usr(50),b,b      move cursor x,y
                    x 0-39
                    y 0-24
 a=usr(51)          return cursor x pos.
 a=usr(52)          return cursor y pos.
 a=usr(57),b,b,b    set color nibble x y
                    x 0-39
                    y 0-24
                    color 0-15
 a=usr(58),b,b,b,b  set hires color nibble
                    x 0-39
                    y 0-24
                    hi color 0-15
                    lo color 0-15
 a=usr(59),b,b,b    set bits 6&7 video base
                    x 0-39
                    y 0-24
                    bit pair 0-3
 a=usr(60),db,db    return unsigned eor
 a=usr(61),db,db    return unsigned and
 a=usr(62),db,db    return unsigned or
 a=usr(63),b,b,b,b  copy char to bit map
                    x 0-39
                    y 0-24
                    video base 0-14 step 2
                    char index 0-255
 a=usr(64),db,db    set x y hires
 a=usr(65),db,db    clr x y hires
 a=usr(66),db,db,db,db  draw hires line set
                    x1,y1,x2,y2
 a=usr(67),db,db,db,db  draw hires line clr
                    x1,y1,x2,y2
 a=usr(68),db,db    plot line to x2,y2 set
 a=usr(69),db,db    plot line to x2,y2 clr
 a=usr(70),db,db,b  plot point x,y,bit pair
 a=usr(71),db,db,db,db,b
                    draw line x1,y1tox2,y2,
                    bit pair
 a=usr(72),db,db,b  draw line to x2,y2,bit pair
 a=usr(90),b,fl,fl,fl  set voice
                    bit,ring,sync, voice 0-2
 a=usr(91),b,b,b    set voice envelope
                    voice 0-2
                    attack 0-15
                    decay  0-15
 a=usr(92),b,b,b    set voice envelope
                    voice 0-2
                    sustain 0-15
                    release 0-15
 a=usr(93),b,db     set voice freq
 a=usr(94),b,db     set voice pulse width
 a=usr(95),db       set cutoff freq ???
 a=usr(96),ll,fl,fl,fl  set filter bits
                    external 0-1
                    voice 0  0-1
                    voice 1  0-1
                    voice 2  0-1
 a=usr(97),b        set sid filter q
 a=usr(98),b,b,b,b  set sid filter modes
                    cut voice 3 0-1
                    high pass   0-1
                    band pass   0-1
                    low  pass   0-1
 a=usr(99)          voice gate on
 a=usr(100)         voice gate off
 a=usr(101),b       set sid volumn 0-15
 a=usr(102),b       set voice waveform
                    waveform 0-3
 a=usr(103)         clear sid & pseudo regs
 a=usr(104)         return osc3 oscilator
 a=usr(105)         return osc3 waveform
 a=usr(109)         x joy port2
 a=usr(110)         y joy port2
 a=usr(111)         x joy port1
 a=usr(112)         y joy port1
 a=usr(113)         x paddle port2
 a=usr(114)         y paddle port2
 a=usr(115)         x paddle port1
 a=usr(116)         y paddle port1
 a=usr(117)         fire button port2
 a=usr(118)         fire button port1
 a=usr(119)         port1 x(-1 0 1)
 a=usr(120)         port1 y(-1 0 1)
 a=usr(121)         port2 x(-1 0 1)
 a=usr(122)         port2 y(-1 0 1)
 *********************************
 The following USR calls are reserved
 internal to the USR program:
 usr123
 usr124
 usr125
 usr126
 usr127
 *********************************
 The preceding information was extracted from the May 1983 COMMANDER magazine article 'Peek & Poke a USR Instruction Sheet' by George Gaukel of Tacoma,WA.




            The CAD System
             Version 4.0
                 by
            Stephen P. Nye
        Copyright (c) 1984,1987

***************************************
CAD is a copyrighted program package. Distribution through any channels not specifically authorized by the author and program contributors is expressly
forbidden.
***************************************

     Version 4.0 is the latest version of the popular CAD package. It includes a number of major improvements over Version 3.0, including:

  a modified command structure based on a pull-down menu.

  an ML command processor that reduces drive access by about 50%.

  onscreen help for all drawing functions.

  screen compression routines in both horizontal and vertical directions.

  the ability to display both hires screens onscreen at the same time.


DOWNLOADING CAD VERSION 4.0

     CAD Version 4.0 is available only through the CBMART SIG of CompuServe Information Service. It is located in DL12 as three files; CAD401.BIN, CAD402.BIN,
and CAD403.BIN. These files are Self-Dissolving Archives so no additional programs or special filenames are necessary.

     To obtain the complete CAD Version 4.0 follow these steps.

1. Download the three files to a freshly formatted disk as CAD401, CAD402, and CAD403.

2. Prepare a second freshly formatted disk; this second disk will become the CAD system disk.

3. Disable any fast load cartridge or program you may have in place. 'LOAD CAD401,8', place the system disk in the drive, and RUN the program. CAD401 will
create the first portion of the CAD package on the system disk.

4. Follow the same load-swap disk-run procedure for the remaining two files.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The three files should be run in sequence so the programs will be written on the system disk in the proper order.

     When creation of the system disk is complete, the CAD40x files can be scratched or stored for backup. It would be wise to copy the system disk for
backup and write-protect the working copy.


LOADING CAD VERSION 4.0

     To load the CAD system into the computer, simply type 'LOAD"0:*",8' and RUN. If the files were dissolved in the proper order, the first program on the
system disk is 'BOOT'.

     The system will prompt you for the number of drives in your system. If you are using a two drive system, press return to accept the default assignment.
If

you are using a one drive system, press '1'. In either case, CAD detects which drive you booted from and assumes the system disk will be in the boot drive.

     The default can be changed by modifying the BOOT program. The first line of the program contains the default setting, and a REM statement informing you
what to change.

IMPORTANT NOTE: In a two drive system, there is NO time when the system disk should be removed from the boot drive. With a one drive system, DO NOT remove the
system disk unless prompted to do so. CAD is still very disk intensive, and continually returns to the disk for more program information. If the system disk
is

not in the drive the program will crash. (See the notes at the end of this file for information on handling of program crashes.)

     The system will load several support files and the title screen will appear. Shortly thereafter the main menu will drop down. This menu MUST be visible
to

exit any command function, and is pulled down by pressing 'F7'. In most cases, if you press F7 by mistake, pressing it again will return you to the previous
function. However, due to the command structure, you may have to re-enter some functions by pressing the appropriate key at the main menu.


     Each drawing command now has a separate help screen. These screens are  accessed by pressing 'F8'. Each screen will describe the command keys available
in

that function, and how to use the associated function. When you are finished viewing the help screen, press any key to return to the draw command.

     From the main menu a general help screen is available. This general help screen will inform you of the keys that are available within most draw
functions.

Since these keys are of a global nature, they are not described in the individual help screens.

     The global command keys are:

	!  switches between the two hires screens.
	#  inverts the visible hires screen.
	&  adds the second hires screen to the visible screen. The second hires screen is unaffected by this operation.
	=  copies the visible hires screen to the second hires screen. The data in the second screen is lost.
	DEL  deletes the last operation performed.
        CLR will clear the visible screen.
	F7  will pull down the main menu.
	F8  will display the help screen for the function you are presently using.


What follows is a brief description of each function. Consult the function help screen for additional information.

a - will draw a scaled half-circle counter-clockwise from the first point marked to the second.

A - will draw a broken line from the first point marked to the second. You will be prompted for the length of the line segments, and the length of the space
between segments. If you wish to change these values, you may restart the function by pulling the menu and pressing 'A' again.

b - will draw a box using two marked points as opposite corners of the rectangle. Within this function, if you press 's' the boxes will be filled (solid). To
return to hollow (line) boxes press 'l'. Lined boxes are the default.
c - will draw circles using two points. The default uses the points to determine the diameter of the circle. Press 'r' (radius) and the system will use the
first point as the center of the circle, and the second to determine the radius. Pressing '+' will toggle a small cross at the center of the circles.

C - compresses the screen. Pressing 'h' will compress the screen horizontally. Pressing 'v' will compress it vertically. And pressing 'b' will compress in
both

directions. There is no help screen for this function.

d - will draw a filled circle using two points to determine the diameter of the circle. Pressing 'e' will set the system to erase the area, pressing 'd' will
set the system to fill (draw) the area.

e - will erase a rectangular area marked with two points as in 'b'. Pressing 'l' will set the system to erase a line, pressing 'b' will set the system to
erase

a box (default).

f - will enter the figure command. This command uses the figure libraries that are available in DL12, or a library that you previously constructed. The system
will prompt you for the File disk drive, and display the default condition. Press RETURN to accept the default, or enter the number (8 or 9) of the drivein
which you are placing the figure library disk. You will then be returned to the hires screen. To place an object onscreen, press the key that corresponds to
the object. That object will be transferred to the cursor. Move the object into place and press the firebutton to place it onscreen and return to the
crosshair

cursor. If you wish to use the same object again, just press the firebutton and the cursor will be replaced again with the object. To use a different object,
press the key associated with that key. You may also rotate the figure 90 degrees at a time by pressing the British Pound sign key.

F - will access the freehand draw mode. Pressing the firebutton will toggle the draw mode on and off. Pressing 'e' will move the system into freehand erase
mode. Press 'd' to return to freehand draw mode.

g - will place the system in fill mode. Move the crosshairs within a closed area, and press the firebutton. The area will be filled with the foreground color.

G - will overlay a grid on the hires screen. This grid cannot be removed once added, so you are prompted before the drawing occurs. If you wish to continue,
press 'y'. Enter the spacing between the verticle lines and spacing between horizontal lines, and the system will draw a grid onscreen. There is no help
screen

for this function.

h - will draw a hexagon using two points to determine the width of the figure.

i - will turn on the onscreen rulers at the left side and bottom of the screen. There is no help screen for this function.

I - will turn off the onscreen rulers. There is no help screen for this function.

j - is used for drawing fanouts on electronic schematics. All lines will be drawn from the first point marked, first horizontally, the vertically, to the
cursor. To reverse this order, press 'v'. To return to the default press 'h'.

k - will draw an ellipse using three points. The first marks the horizontal axis and one side, the second marks the other horizontal limit, and the third the
vertical limit.

l - will draw a line from the first point marked to the second. Several brushes are available for this function. To use a brush, choose the appropriate key
from the help screen, and press that key.
To draw lines from a common origin, press 'R' (upper case). The first point will mark the common origin. To change the origin, move the crosshairs over the
first point and press the firebutton. This will free the first marker so you can relocate it. To return to the default press 'L' (upper case).

n - will enter the enquire function. This command allows you access to information that would otherwise not be accessible within CAD. You will first access
the

hires screen. Here you may mark two points to determine the distance between them. If you do not wish to use the measure, press the firebutton twice. The
system will display a text screen with information on colors, drive assignments, etc. When done, press F7 to return to the hires screen and pull the menu.

o - will access the zoom command. The cursor will change to a box. Move this box to outline the area you wish to zoom in on and press the left arrow at the
top

left corner of the keyboard. This key will toggle between the hires screen and the zoom screen.

O - is the stamp function. Move the box cursor over the area of the screen you wish to use as a stamp, and press 'p' to pick it up into the cursor. Pressing
the firebutton will transfer it back to the hires screen.
The following keys work in this command:

'h' will flip the cursor horizontally
'v' will flip the cursor vertically
'i' will invert the pixels in the cursor
'a' will cause the cursor to be logically ANDed with the hires screen
'o' will cause the cursor to be logically ORed with the hires screen
'x' will cause the cursor to be logically Exclusive ORed with the hires screen
CLR will return the box cursor

p - uses three points to draw a parallel-o-gram. If the fourth corner will be offscreen the system will not draw. The order that the three points are drawn
will affect the shape of the figure, so practice may be in order.

P - draws lines using Polar co-ordinates. Move the cursor to one end of the line segment and press the firebutton. You will be prompted for the length of the
line segment (R) and the number of degrees off the horizontal (Theta). Enter R in inches and Theta in degrees.

Q - will quit CAD and reset the computer.

r - will draw recti-linear lines. that is, all lines will be drawn from the first point marked, horizontally then vertically to the second.

s - will enter the snap command. All lines will be drawn horizontally from the first point to the second. To change the line orientation, press 'v'. Pressing
'h' will return to the default condition.

t - is the text command. This command functions much like the 'f' command, but each time a figure is chosen the cursor is automatically moved to its new
location. You will be prompted for the file drive assignment, the character spacing in pixels (number of pixels between figures) and the line spacing. You can
rotate the figure placement by pressing the British Pound sign key.

T - allows you to transfer a portion of the hires screen to another location, or to the second hires screen. The size of the area is limited to one screen.
Mark diagonally opposite corners of the area to be moved into the buffer. When the area has been copied into the buffer, move the cursor to the top left
corner

of the location you wish to move the area into. Note that the buffer keys off the top left corner of the area regardless of how you marked the corners. The
following keys are active in this command:

'a' causes the buffer to be ANDed with the hires screen
'o' causes the buffer to be ORed with the hires screen
'x' causes the buffer to be Exclusive ORed with the hires screen
'h' flips the buffer horizontally
'v' flips the buffer vertically
'r' flips the buffer in both directions
'n' returns to normal positioning

u - allows you to draw a border onscreen to mark the area of an RLE picture. You can use this command to erase a border by pressing 'e'. Return to the default
draw mode by pressing 'd'.

v - allows you to view both hires screens onscreen at the same time.

w - moves to a waveform menu. This menu contains commands to draw various waveforms. Each waveform is drawn in the same manner. Mark the first point, which
will determine the beginning and axis of the waveform. The second point marked will determine the amplitude and period of the waveform.

W - is the window command. This command allows you to pick up a section of the hires screen and place it elsewhere. Move the cursor over the area you wish to
move and press the firebutton to pick it up. Pressing the firebutton again will place the information on the hires screen.
You may also save the section as a figure in a figure library by pressing F2 and answering the drive and filename prompts.

x - will crosshatch a rectangular area marked by two points as in the 'b' command. You will be prompted for the spacing between the lines, and whether the
lines should be oriented horizontally or vertically. The defaults are highlighted.

y - allows you to mark the horizontal or vertical location of an object on screen 1 by placing a mark on screen 2. Press 'v' to mark the vertical location,
press 'h' to return to the default horizontal location.

z - will draw a border around the hires screens. There is no help screen for this function.

Z - will erase the border drawn by 'z'. There is no help screen for this function.

F1 - will load a hires screen. You will be prompted for the file type and filename. The following filename conventions are used in CAD:
  RLE files are suffixed with '.rle'
  Hires (33 block) hires files are suffixed with '.hr'
  Doodle files are prefixed with 'dd'
  Compressed Doodle files are prefixed with 'jj'
These filename extensions are added by the system if not entered.

F2 - will save a hires screen. You will be prompted for the file type and filename. The same filename conventions apply as with the F1 command.

F3 - will access the disk commands.

F4 - will access the color change function. From within this command you may change the colors of the border, background, etc.

F5 - will access the print menu.

F7 - will pull the menu. This menu must be visible to exit a function.

F8 - will access the online help screen where available.


IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

     Should the system crash for whatever reason, all is not lost. 
DO NOT TURN OFF THE COMPUTER!
If your computer is equipped with a reset button, reset and re-boot the CAD system. If it is not so equipped, press RUN/STOP-RESTORE. You will have to re-boot
blind as the screen will not echo what you type. Access a draw command ('l' for instance) and BEFORE pressing the firebutton press '!' to switch the screens.
The hires screen you were working on should be intact and you can continue drawing. Any data previously in the second screen is lost on re-boot.


CREDITS

     A number of people were involved in conceiving, developing, and testing various sections of Version 4.0, and I want to extend my gratitude to all of them
for their assistance. In particular:

Jake Lund for his ML work in conjunction with the RLE file load and save.

Brent Dane for his excellent ML modification of the figure routine, and his programming of the Window and Transfer functions.

Ray Bowman for the numerous outstanding figure files he created for use with CAD.



KEY FUNCTIONS FOR CAD 3.0

  ! -> TOGGLE SCREEN1 AND SCREEN2
  # -> INVERT SCREEN1
  & -> ADD SCREEN2 TO SCREEN1
  = -> COPY SCREEN1 TO SCREEN2
CLR -> CLEAR SCREEN 1
DEL -> UNDO LAST DRAW
  A -> BROKEN LINES
C=a -> LOAD DOODLE COMPRESSED FORMAT
  b -> BOX
  B -> BOXES (SOLID)
C=b -> SAVE DOODLE COMPRESSED FORMAT
  c -> CIRCLES (DIAMETER)
  C -> CIRCLES (RADIUS)
C=c -> COLORS
  d -> DISCS (DRAW)
  D -> DISCS (ERASE) 
C=d -> DISK FUNCTIONS
  e -> ERASE (LINE)
  E -> ERASE (BOX)
C=e -> LOAD RLE FORMAT
  f -> FIGURES
  F -> FREEHAND DRAW
C=f -> SAVE RLE FORMAT
  G -> GRID
  h -> HEXAGONS
  i -> INDICATORS ON
  I -> INDICATORS OFF
  j -> VERTICAL FANOUT
  J -> HORIZONTAL FANOUT
  k -> ELLIPSE
  K -> PARALLEL LINES
  l -> LINES
  L -> LINES (CONTINUOUS)
C=l -> LOAD DOODLE FORMAT
  m -> MORE DRAWING ROUTINES
  M -> EVEN MORE DRAWING ROUTINES
C=m -> SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
  n -> ENQUIRE
  o -> ZOOM
  O -> STAMP
  p -> PARALLELOGRAMS
  P -> POLAR COORDINATES
C=p -> PRINT MENU
  Q -> QUIT CAD
  r -> RECTI-LINEAR LINES
  R -> RADIAL LINES
C=r -> LOAD HIRES FORMAT
  s -> SNAP
C=s -> SAVE DOODLE FORMAT
  t -> TEXT
  u -> DRAW RLE BORDER
  U -> ERASE@	E BORDER
  w -> WAVEFORMS
  W -> WINDOW
C=w -> SAVE HIRES FORMAT
  x -> CROSSHATCH
  y -> MARK SCREEN2 Y LOCATION
  Y -> MARK SCREEN2 X LOCATION
  z -> DRAW BORDER
  Z -> ERASE@BORDER
Candy Store

Candy Store is a subtraction game designed for second or thrid grades.  The
object of the game is to spend your allowance and buy some candy.  You are asked
for your name and your allowance in cents.  Values from 5 to 200 are allowed. 
Your allowance is dispalyed as a collection of quarters, dimes,  nickels, and
pennies.  Also displayed are 5 candies with their prices.  You manipulate your
candy man with joystick 2 until you touch a candy.  You then get the subtraction
problem of your allowance less the cost of the candy.  If you answer the problem
incorrectly the candy moves off the screen and you go back to picking a candy. 
If you answer correctly the candy man gets to chase the candy until he catches
it.  Your change is now displayed and the candies now have new prices.  This
continues until you have spent most of your allowance at which time you get next
weeks allowance.  Answering 10 problems correctly with no wrong answers gives
you a raise in your allowance.
Have Fun.




Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.0 Part 1/4
Summary: This posting contains answers to questions that commonly surface in
         comp.sys.cbm.  This posting will tell you enough to get your
         computer connected to a network, fixed, and/or enhanced.  This file
         should be read by new users of comp.sys.cbm before posting to the
         group.  It should also be proofread by users who are currently
         active in comp.sys.cbm.
Keywords: CBM FAQ Help List C64 C128 VIC Modem
Followup-To: comp.sys.cbm
Organization: Brain Innovations, Inc.
Reply-To: brain@mail.msen.com
Message-ID: <cbmmainfaq10895@msen.com>
Supersedes: <cbmmainfaq10795@msen.com>
Expires: 05 Sep 1995
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.0.p1
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part1
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part1
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part1
Version: 3.0
Last-modified: 1995/08/04


  Disclaimer:

  This file is maintained by Jim Brain (brain@mail.msen.com).  It is composed
  of information gleaned from articles in the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm,
  the FidoNET echoes CBM and CBM-128, electronic mail messages, World
  Wide Web pages, and other mediums.  All the authors have either directly
  or indirectly given their consent to use their work in this FAQ.  All of
  the information in this file has been gathered and checked if possible for
  errors, but I cannot guarantee the correctness of any statement in this
  file.  If in doubt, please bring up the subject in one of the Commodore
  forums.

  If you have suggestions, comments, or criticisms, please let Jim Brain
  know by sending electronic mail to brain@mail.msen.com.  Keep in mind that
  new questions appear on a daily basis, so there is a finite time between a
  new question appearing in comp.sys.cbm, and its inclusion in this file.

  The latest version of this file may be obtained from the following places:

  ftp sites:
    ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm/cbm-main-faq.3.0
    ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/faq/cbm-main-faq.3.0.gz
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part*
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*

  World Wide Web sites:
    http://www.msen.com/~brain/faqhome.html

  Bulletin Board Systems:
    COMMODORE CEE BBS (916) 395-9733,               FIDONET address: 1:203/999
    VGA Cologne BBS   +49-221-9808007 (ZyXel 19k2)
                             -9808008 (V.FC)        FidoNET address 2:2450/140

  Mailservers:
    mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu.  First four lines of message:
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part1
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part2
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part3
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part4

    Jim Brain's Mailserver (always has latest copy)
    Files:
      cbm-main-faq.3.0.p1
      cbm-main-faq.3.0.p2
      cbm-main-faq.3.0.p3
      cbm-main-faq.3.0.p4

+ Mailing List
+   To receive any major updates to the FAQ, mail:
+     To: brain@mail.msen.com
+     Subject: MAILSERV
+     Body:
+     subscribe cbm-main-faq Firstname Lastname
+     quit

  See Section 6 for directions on how to use these services to retrieve the
  FAQ.

  This file is posted to the groups comp.sys.cbm, news.answers, and
  comp.answers twice every month around the 5th and the 20th of the month.

  _Notes for this release_:
  -----------------------

  Section 7.X needs work.

  The first 3 items in Section 13.8 need un-"tech"ed in the wording.
  I haven't had time to complete that.  I will gladly accept rewrites from
  people.

  Section 14.X needs to be fleshed out considerably.

+ I am gathering a list of Commodore reference books together.  If you
+ have a book, please send me the ISBN, Author, TItle, short description,
+ number of pages, whether it has illustrations, and whether it has
+ any code samples.  Thanks.

  -----------------------

  Lines preceded with a '|" have been modified since the last version of this
  file was posted.  Lines preceded by a '+' have been added since the last
  version was posted.

  If readers of this FAQ wish to make changes, please precede formatted lines
  sent to me with a 'C' so that I can see the changes even if you enclose
  header and trailer text to show context.

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table of Contents
  -----------------

   1.  Introduction
   1.1.  What is a FAQ
   1.2.  What topics does this FAQ cover?
   1.3.  Who decides what goes in the FAQ?
   1.4.  How do I retrieve updates to the FAQ?

   2.  Overview
   2.1.  Do people still use Commodore 8-bit machines?
   2.2.  How many Commodore machines are there?
   2.3.  What do people do with Commodore 8-bit machines?
   2.4.  What Commodore 8-bit machines are most widely used?
   2.5.  What is the economic status of Commodore?

   3.  The BASICs
   3.1.  How do I format a Commodore disk?
   3.2.  How do I transform a BASIC program to a text file?
   3.3.  How do I transform a text file into a BASIC program?
   3.4.  How can I change my drive device number through software?
   3.5.  Can I get my 1581 drive to change its device number on startup?

   4.  Publications
   4.1.  What paper publications are available?
   4.2.  What paper publications have disappeared?
   4.3.  What is a Disk Magazine?  Where do I find them?
   4.4.  What is an Online Magazine?  Where do I find them?
   4.5.  Are there other publications I should be aware of?
   4.6.  How do I know which magazines to subscribe to?

   5.  Connecting Up
   5.1.  How do I connect my computer to the outside world?
   5.2.  What services can I use to get online?
   5.3.  What hardware do I need?
   5.4.  What kinds of terminal programs exist?
   5.4.1.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 64?
   5.4.2.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 128?
   5.5.  Can I use my Commodore computer on Amateur Radio?
   5.6.  Is there TCP/IP software available for Commodore computers?

   6.  The Online Information Reservoir
   6.1.  How do I download?  What is a transfer protocol?
   6.2.  What is the difference between PETSCII and ASCII?
   6.3.  Where can I find Commodore programs?
   6.4.  What is a file extension, and what do they stand for?
   6.5.  What is electronic mail?
   6.5.1.  What are mailing lists and how do I join one?
   6.5.2.  What is a Mail Server?  How do I use one?
   6.5.3.  How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?
   6.6.  What is USENET or NetNews?  What is a USENET newsgroup?
   6.6.1.  What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?
   6.6.2.  What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?
   6.6.3.  Which issues does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?
   6.6.4.  How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?
   6.6.5.  How can I access comp.sys.cbm through email?
   6.7.  What is a FidoNET echo?
   6.7.1.  What echoes cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?
   6.7.2.  How do I post in an echo?
   6.8.  What is the World Wide Web?
   6.8.1.  What WWW sites have Commodore information?
   6.9.  What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
   6.9.1.  What FTP sites have Commodore Information?
   6.9.2.  What is an FTP Mail Server?  How do I use one?
   6.10. What is Internet Relay Chat (IRC)?
   6.11. What else is available online?

   7.  Exchanging Data
   7.1.  How do I exchange data among Commodore 8-bit machines?
   7.2.  How do I exchange data between an IBM(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.3.  How do I exchange data between an Amiga and my Commodore?
   7.4.  How do I exchange data between a Macintosh(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.5.  How do I exchange data between an Atari ST(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.6.  How do I exchange data between a UNIX(tm) machine and my Commodore?
   7.7.  Are there other ways to exchange data between computers?

   8.  Operating Systems
   8.1.  What Operating Systems are available?
   8.2.  What is GEOS?
   8.3.  What is UNIX?
   8.4.  What is CP/M

   9.  Demonstrations
   9.1.  Just what is a demonstration, or demo?
   9.2.  What does NTSC and PAL mean?
   9.3.  Where do I get demos?
   9.4.  What is a demo competition?
   9.5   What does FLI, DYCP, etc. mean?

  10.  Emulators
  10.1.  What is an emulator?
  10.2.  What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
  10.3.  What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
  10.4.  Are any other Commodore computers emulated?

  11.  Troubleshooting
  11.1.  What do I do for my ill disk drive?
  11.2.  What do I do for my ill computer?
  11.2.1.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 64?
  11.2.2.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?
  11.3.  What do I do for my ill keyboard?

  12.  Modifications and Cabling
  12.1.  How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?
  12.2.  How do I open a C128 power supply?
  12.3.  How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?
  12.4.  How do I build a simple RS-232 interface cable?
  12.5.  How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?

  13.  Enhancements
  13.1.  How do I increase my disk drive's transfer speed?
  13.1.1.  What is a Fastloader?
  13.1.2.  What is a ROM replacement?
  13.1.3.  What are the disadvantages to using a drive enhancement?
  13.1.4.  What other things can I do to speed up the drive?
  13.2.  How do I expand my disk drive's capacity?
  13.2.1.  What is a Hard Drive?  Who sell them?
  13.2.2.  What is 64NET?
  13.3.  How do I expand my computer's RAM capacity?
  13.3.1.  What is a Ram Expansion Unit?
  13.3.2.  What is a geoRAM Unit?
  13.3.3.  What is battery backed GeoRAM (BBGRam)?
  13.3.4.  What is a RAMLink?
  13.3.5.  What is a RAMDrive?
  13.3.6.  How do I expand my C128 Video RAM?
  13.3.7.  How do I expand my C64 internally?
  13.3.8.  How do I expand my C128 internally?
  13.4.  How do I increase my computer's speed?
  13.4.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's speed?
  13.4.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's speed?
  13.4.3.  Can I speed up other Commodore computers?
  13.5.  How do I increase my computer screen's resolution?
  13.5.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's screen resolution?
  13.5.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's screen resolution?
  13.5.3.  How do I increase other CBM computers' resolutions?
  13.6.  How do I increase my computer's serial transfer speed?
  13.7.  How do I increase my computer's sound quality?
  13.8.  What other ways can I expand my Commodore computer?

  14.  Programming
  14.1.  What Programming Languages are available?
  14.2.  What is a Cross Assembler?  How do I use one?

  15.  User Groups

  16.  Sales and Service
  16.1.  Where do I purchase Commodore Equipment and Software?
  16.2.  Where do I get equipment serviced?
  16.3.  How do I know who to buy from or request service from?

  17. Miscellaneous
  17.1.  How fast does a Commodore 64 run?
  17.2.  How can a turn my NTSC-M 64 into a PAL-B 64 or vice versa?
  17.3.  What does this IC number mean?

  18. Credits

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


   1. Introduction

  Welcome to the comp.sys.cbm "Frequently Asked Questions" (FAQ) file.
  Many news groups maintain a FAQ file which is posted monthly, and
  is a repository for general interest and common information that many
  readers of the news group, or new readers of the news group, might be
  interested in.


   1.1.  What is a FAQ

  FAQ is an acronym that stands for "Frequently Asked Questions".  Shortly
  after the introduction of USENET, many people noticed that certain
  questions were repeatedly asked in newsgroups.  To minimize the posting of
  answers to already answered questions, USENET developed the idea of FAQ
  files.  After a question has been asked a number of times in the USENET
  newsgroup, it is added to the list of answered questions in the FAQ.
  Then, readers are encouraged to read the FAQ to cut down on posts of
  repeated questions.

  A FAQ file is not solely for newcomers.  Experienced users are encouraged
  to glance over the FAQ every so often to check for errors and add items.
  Also, it seems that everyone gets a question answered by reading the FAQ,
  new user or not.


   1.2.  What topics does this FAQ cover?

  This FAQ answers questions on just about any topic concerning Commodore
  computers.  Obviously, given the nature of the FAQ file, it is impossible
  to answer every question here, and some topics are too broad for discussion
  in the FAQ.  However, when the FAQ cannot adequately answer a question, it
  does provide pointers to relevant people or materials.

  Even though a large number of people use their Commodore computer to
  program, the topic is much too broad for adequate coverage in the FAQ.  For
  those interested in programming, however, please see Section 14,
  "Programming".


   1.3.  Who decides what goes in the FAQ?

  Typically, a FAQ file is editted by a single person or small group of
  people.  These editors decide what should go into the FAQ.  Obviously,
  for the FAQ to fulfill its intended purpose, any question that has been
  asked repeatedly should be included, as should updates to any questions
  already in the FAQ.  The FAQ maintainer should try to provide as
  up-to-date information as possible in the FAQ.  Above that, the FAQ
  maintainer can include any other information he or she deems or interest
  or value to the readers.

  For this FAQ, the FAQ maintainer is Jim Brain, brain@mail.msen.com.

  If you have information that you feel should be included, please mail
  it to Jim.  Please be aware that it does take time to include new
  information.


   1.4.  How do I retrieve updates to the FAQ?

  The FAQ is posted twice monthly, on the 5th and 20th, to the USENET
  newsgroup comp.sys.cbm.  It is automatically archived on the FTP
  site rtfm.mit.edu and automatically archived on Jim Brain's mailserver.
  Most Bulletin Board Systems and User Groups have a recent copy of the
  FAQ, and numerous magazines and other publications have included parts
  or all of the FAQ on disk or in print in recent months.  This FAQ is
  called the "COMP.SYS.CBM General Frequently Asked Questions List".

  The latest version of the FAQ may be obtained from the following places:

  ftp sites:
    ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm/cbm-main-faq.3.0
    ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/faq/cbm-main-faq.3.0.gz
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part*
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*

  World Wide Web sites:
    http://www.msen.com/~brain/faqhome.html

  Bulletin Board Systems:
    COMMODORE CEE BBS (916) 395-9733,               FIDONET address: 1:203/999
    VGA Cologne BBS   +49-221-9808007 (ZyXel 19k2)
                             -9808008 (V.FC)        FidoNET address 2:2450/140

  Mailservers:
    mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu.  First four lines of message:
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part1
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part2
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part3
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part4

    Jim Brain's Mailserver (always has latest copy)
    Files:
      cbm-main-faq.3.0.p1
      cbm-main-faq.3.0.p2
      cbm-main-faq.3.0.p3
      cbm-main-faq.3.0.p4

+ Mailing List
+   To receive any major updates to the FAQ, mail:
+     To: brain@mail.msen.com
+     Subject: MAILSERV
+     Body:
+     subscribe cbm-main-faq Firstname Lastname
+     quit
  See Section 6 for directions on how to use these services to retrieve the
  FAQ.


   2.  Overview

  Obviously, we must walk before we run, and this principle applies to
  FAQ files as well.  Here are some general questions we often receive
  in the Commodore community.


   2.1.  Do people still use Commodore 8-bit machines?

  Yes, people still do.  Newer machines may have appeared and taken over the
  corporate world, but the Commodore 8-bit machines live on.


   2.2.  How many Commodore machines are there?

  If you are asking the quantity of Commodore machines sold, the simple truth
  is that we do not know.  Commodore never officially released any such
  numbers for all models.  It has been estimated that Commodore sold
  over 10 million Commodore 64 machines, but that has not been proven, as far
  as I know.  So, if you ever determine exactly what quantity of each model
  was produced, please pass the information along.

  If you are asking the number of different models Commodore sold, we have
  a slightly better idea.  Jim Brain has compiled a list of all known CBM
  products, marketed or not, into the "Canonical List of Commodore Products".
  This include all of the Commodore line, including the PCs and the Amiga
  systems.  As it is much too large to fit in the FAQ, it can be requested
  from Jim Brain's mailserver as file cbmmodel.txt (See Section 6.5.2 for
  directions on how to access the mailserver).  Alternately, the file is
  posted to the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm on a periodic basis.


   2.3.  What do people do with Commodore 8-bit machines?

  People use their machines for very different purposes:

        Game Console.
        Home Computer.
        Experimentor's machine.
        Small Business Computer.

  No matter what purpose they use them for, they use them because there is a
  wealth of programs available for the Commodore computer systems.  The
  Commodore line of computers has a seemingly endless supply of quality
  programs available for it, and more are being created daily.


   2.4.  What Commodore 8-bit machines are most widely used?

     Well, it is a fact that all types of Commodore 8-bit computers are still
  in use, but the following machines get the most use:

        Commodore 64 (include SX64, DX64, and PET64)
        Commodore 128 (includes 128D and Euro 128D)

  The following systems manufactured by Commodore still have a devout
  following:

        Commodore VIC-20
        Commodore PET series
        Commodore B series
        Commodore Plus 4 and 16
        Commodore C65

  The Commodore 65 is a recent addition and is the result of a liquidation of
  some ALPHA stage test machines.  A number of people have purchased these
  test units, and they have a FAQ devoted just to this machine.  The C65
  faq is located in the same directory as this file under the name
  cbm-c65-faq.2.0.  The Commodore 65 FAQ is maintained by Russell Alphey and a
  copy of this file can be obtained from him at r.alphey@dce.vic.gov.au.
| In spite of rumors, No company is considering manufacturing the C65.

  If you own a Commodore C65, the following person is compiling a list of
  people who own them.

  Robin Harbon
  542 West Donald Street.
  Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7E 5Y6
  Canada

  If you currently use a PET series Commodore computer or just want to know
  more about them, one person is trying to start a magazine devoted to these
  machine.  For more information or to submit articles for the magazine,
  please get in touch with:

  Mark J. Kingsbury
  25 Latta
  Battle Creek, MI  49017
  Mark_J_Kingsbury@fc1.glfn.org


   2.5.  What is the economic status of Commodore?

  On April 29, 1994, Commodore International announced that it had been unable
  to renegotiate terms of outstanding loans and were closing down the
  business.  In the months that followed, the liquidation process drug on,
  owing to the large far-reaching size of the corporation.  In addition, the
  fact that the company was incorporated in the Bahamas while a large share
  of the creditors were from the US made legal proceeding tense and drawn out.
  On April 20th, 1995, almost a full year later, Commodore was sold to
  a German company called ESCOM for approximately 10 to 12.5 million dollars.
  At present, the new acquisition has been named Amiga Technologies GmBh and
  is at the following address:

  Amiga Technologies, GmBh
  Berliner Ring 89
  B-64625
  Bensheim, Germany.

  The new head of Engineering is Dr. Peter Kittel, whome many know from
  his post in the liquidated Commodore Corporation.  A press release by Mr.
  Kittel states that the company will care exclusively for the Amiga line of
  machines at present, although licensing for the 8-bit technology is possibly
  an option for the near future.

  If people would like to become part of the new company, plain resumes
  (no fax or email) can be sent to:

  ESCOM AG
  Personalabteilung
  Tiergartenstr. 9
  D-64646 Heppenheim
  Germany

  I have word that the new company is licensing a manufacturer to produce
  C64s for the Chinese market, but these cannot be exported.

  Of course, since Commodore hasn't served the Commodore 8-bit community
  for quite some time, most Commodore owners are only interested in what
  will happen to Commodore Semiconductor Group (CSG), the fabricator for
  many of the special ICs in the Commodore 8-bit line.  Below is the current
  status of CSG as of April 6, 1995:

  Commodore Semiconductor Group liquidated in December, 1994.  The vast
  majority of the operational material and the real estate was purchased by
  GMT Electronics, a company formed by CSG's management.  GMT has paid the
  $1 million lien that the EPA had levied against CSG, and is now operating
  as a for-hire chip production plant.

  CSG/GMT is holding approximately $5 million in Commodore parts.


   3.  The BASICs

   These are some questions we receive about "BASIC", the built-in
   programming language in all 8-bit Commodore computers, and the "basics"
   of using the machine.


   3.1.  How do I format a Commodore disk?

  To format a disk in drive 0 (older PET drives had drive 0 and 1) on disk
  device #8, you issue the following command from BASIC:

  open1,8,15,"n0:16char_name,12":close1

| The name can be 16 characters in length, and the disk id (12 in this
  example) can be any two alphanumeric characters.

  For more information on how to use the 1541 disk drive or compatibles,
  a complete manual is available at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/documents.
  (See Section 6.9 for direction on how to use ftp.)


   3.2.  How do I transform a BASIC program to a text file?

  As you may know, Commodore BASIC stores programs in "tokenized" format,
  so they are unreadable from a standard text editor.  To fix that, load up
  you BASIC program, and then type the following in direct mode:

  open1,8,2,"listing,s,w":cmd1:list

  The text listing will be placed on drive 8 in a file called listing.  After
  the listing is finished, your cursor should return.  Type the following
  in:

  print#1:close1

  You now have an un-"tokenized" copy of your program, which you can edit with
  any text editor.


   3.3.  How do I transform a text file into a BASIC program?

  Since Commodore BASIC stores its programs in "tokenized" format, one
  cannot simply load text files containing BASIC statements and run the file
  directly.  However, there is a solution.  In direct mode, type in the
  following:

  C64:
  open1,8,2,"filename":poke781,1:poke812,73:sys 65478

  C128:
  open1,8,2,"filename":poke7,1:poke812,73:sys 65478

  This will read in each line of the text file and try to execute it (or
  store it if the line is preceded by a number).  When the last line of
  the program is entered, hit RUN/STOP-RESTORE, and type in the following:

  close1:poke812,47:sys 65484

  The file will now be loaded into memory.  Immediately save the file
  to disk as a BASIC program.

+ If the above sounds too complicated for you, check out the seq-to-basic
+ program that is posted to comp.binaries.cbm every month.  It will perform
+ the translation programatically.


   3.4.  How can I change my drive device number through software?

  To change the device number on Commodore drives, follow these steps:
  In the following examples, 'olddn' is the drive's current device number,
  and 'newdn' is the new number you wish to change it to.

  1)    Turn off all drives except one you wish to change device number of.
  2)    Type the following in, depending on drive type:

    1540/41/42/4040/Most Compatibles:
        open 15,olddn,15
        print#15,"m-w"chr$(119)chr$(0)chr$(2)chr$(32+newdn)chr$(64+newdn)
        close 15

    MSD SD-1 (Old ROM):
        open 15,olddn,15
        print#15,"m-w"chr$(117)chr$(0)chr$(2)chr$(32+newdn)chr$(64+newdn)
        close 15

    1551/70/71/81
        open 15,olddn,15
        print#15,"u0>"+chr$(newdn)
        close 15

  3)    Turn back on other drives.

  The change is only temporary.  It will revert back if the drive is turned
  off.


   3.5.  Can I get my 1581 drive to change its device number on startup?

  When the 1581 is initialized, as well as checking the boot sector of the
  disk, it also looks for a file "copyright cbm 86".  This file, if found,
  can specify a device number for the 1581 disk.  Whenever the 1581 is booted
  or initialized with this disk inserted, its device number will be changed
  to the specified number.  The utility 1581-auto-dev by David W. Tamkin
  (can be found on ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in the utilities directory) will create
  this file.  It can also do other stuff, so check it out.


   4.  Publications

   Commodore users are always wanting more information about their
   computer.  They want to see articles about how to use it, program it,
   care for it, and expand it.  Some use publications to gain knowledge, while
   others use them to find other people who have knowledge.


   4.1.  What paper publications are available?

  The Underground

  The Underground
  4574 Via Santa Maria
  Santa Maria, CA 93455
  underground@tcf.com (Contact)
  Scott Eggleston (Editor)
  The Underground is a small format (8.5" x 5.5", with an average 28
  pages) publication which covers all sorts of Commodore topics.  Each
  issue will usually have two feature articles and two reviews, as well
  as regular columns on GEOS, telecommunications, programming, news,
  commentary, and Public Domain and Shareware.  One unique feature to
  the Underground is "Underware", which is all the PD/SW software
  mentioned in each issue which is provided "free" to those subscribers
  who send in a blank disk with return postage.  We also pride
  ourselves on being the most affordable publication, as well as being
  completely produced on Commodore equipment.  The Underground is
  produced using geoPublish and a TI Laser printer, and reproduced on a
  high-quality copy machine.  It appears regularly every other month.
  Writers are encouraged to send articles in PETASCII or ASCII format
  (1,000 words is recommended) on a disk, or directly to the editor's
  e-mail box.  The Underground pays $5 per article.

  Subscription rates: (All checks or money order in US funds)

  Type of Subescription             US       Canada/  International
                                             Mexico
  one year subscription (6 issues)  $11.00   $12.50   $21.50
  sample issue                      $2.00    $2.25    $3.75

  Commodore World

  Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
  P.O. Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028
  (800) 638-3263 (Credit Card Orders)
  This is a new magazine that supersedes the RUN magazine.  It is packed
  with info about Commodore computers.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       Canada/  EC       All Others
                                             Mexico
  one year subscription (8 issues)  $29.96   $35.95   $45.95   $57.97
  sample issue + shipping           $6.95    $6.95    $8.95    $8.95

  Twin Cities 128/64 (TC128/64)

  Twin Cities 128/64 (TC128)
  Parsec, Incorporated
  P.O. Box 111
  Salem, MA  01970-0111
  (508) 745-5855
  Twin Cities 128 is (as of issue #29) published by Parsec, Inc.  It features
  Commodore 128 iand 64 specific information, and attempts to cater to readers
  at all levels of experience, not just novices.  Additionally, starting with
  Issue #31(February/March 1991), Twin Cities 128 comes with a companion disk.

  Subscription rates: (All checks or money order in US funds)

  Type of Subscription              US       Canada/  International
                                             Mexico
  one year subscription with disks  $24.00   $24.00   $36.00

  dieHard

  dieHard subscriptions
  P.O. Box 392
  Boise, ID 83701-0392
  (208) 383-0300 (Information)
  Magazine devoted to all 8-bit Commodore computers.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       Canada/  International
                                             Mexico
  one year subscription (10 issues) $16.97   $16.97   $16.97
  subscription with SPINNER disk    $55.97   $55.97   $55.97

  Commodore Network

  Commodore Network Magazine
  Warren Naismith
  9 Wadeson
  St Cobram Victoria
  Australia  3150

  In U.S.:

  COMMODORE CEE
  P.O. Box 232115
  Sacramento, CA 95823
  EMAIL Jack Vanderwhite@cee-64.wmeonlin.sacbbx.com (Contact)
  Jack Vanderwhite, editor.
  Fidonet: 1:203/999
  (916) 395-9733 (Bulletin Board System)
  Starting 1/95 subscriptions will be available in the U.S. from Jack
  Vander White at $40.00 per 12 issues.  This is the same as the local
  price in Australia.  Back issues and Compendium volumes will be
  advertised in the near future for U.S. subscribers.

  Subscription rates: (From Jack Vander White)

  Type of Subscription              US

  one year subscription (12 issues) $40.00

  Random (64/128 Magazine)

  Random
  7161 North Maine
  Clovis, CA  93611-8200
  random-mag@genie.geis.com (Contact)
  random-mag@delphi.com (Contact)
  random-mag (GENIE Contact)
  (209) 323-7841 (VoiceMail/Fascimilie)

  Random is a professionally published magazine which is printed bi-monthly.
  Each issue contains numerous articles on subjects affecting Commodore users
  such as modemming, maximizing your system, the Internet, GEOS, the effects
  of pirating and much more, along with countless columns on subjects such as
  GEOS, BASIC and ML progamming, Late Breakin' News, reviews of the latest
  Commodore commercial and shareware software and hardware, and much more.
  We also produce the Commodore Support Index, and are currently selling the
  remaining inventory of US Cities Volume One.(Sim City add-on).

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       Canada/  International
                                             Mexico
  one year subscription (6 issues)  $23.70   $23.70   $23.70
  two year subscription (12 issues) $46.00   $46.00   $46.00
  sample issue                      $ 5.00   $ 5.00   $ 5.00
  one year subscription with disk   $35.70   $35.70   $35.70
  two year subscription with disk   $71.40   $71.40   $71.40

  64'er (German)

  64'er
  Magna Media
  Post Fatch 1304
  D-85531 Haar bei Munich
  Germany
  +49 89 4613192 (Voice)
  +49 89 46135001 (Fascimile)
  mmatting@cube.net (E-mail Address)
  +49 89 4613266 (Bulletin Board System)

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              Germany/ Others
                                    Austria/
                                    Switzerland
  one year subscription             DM105.00 DM129.00
  (12 issues @ 64 p each, 12 disks)

  8-bit

  8-bit
  Atta Bitar (Anders Reuterswerd)
  82 66 75 - 1 (Orders and Information)
  This is a Swedish magazine that tailors to Commodore 64 and 128 users.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              Sweden   Scandinavia
  one year subscription (6 issues)  75.00sek 100.00sek

+ The Commodore GEOS Publication

+ The Commodore GEOS Publication
+ 713 East Main Street
+ Independence, KS  67301-3726
+ User oriented magazine.


   4.2.  What paper publications have disappeared?

  Although the following magazines are no longer in print, most of the
  information is still timely.  Some of these publications, such as
  Transactor, are highly sought after for theor technical content.  Since
  some programs and information is not republished in newer magazines, these
  old magazines might have the only article about a given topic or problem.

  Ahoy!

  RUN

  Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
  P.O. Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028
  (800) 638-3263 (Credit Card Orders)
  Creative Micro Designs offers back issues of RUN magazine.

  Commodore Microcomputing-Power/Play

  GeoVISISON

  The Transactor

  Sure, it's dead, and has been for a few years, but this one was a classic.
  Calling itself the magazine for Commodore programmers, this magazine was
  enough to make any C64/C128 programmer drool.  Featuring in-depth technical
  information and programming tutorials, as well as "out-of-the-way" topics
  (things along the line of Richard Curcio's 256K and 512K articles that
  appeared in TC128).  If you are a programmer and can get your hands on
  back issues of this magazine, do so.

  Micro-Bytes

  Parsec, Incorporated
  P.O. Box 111
  Salem, MA  01970-0111
  (508) 745-5855
  As of 25-May-1992, Parsec, Inc. has taken over the distribution of MB
  products, and back issues.  More information about MB can be found in the
  /pub/cbm/micro-bytes directory on ccnga.uwaterloo.ca.

  COMPUTE'S Gazette

  COMPUTE'S Gazette
  P.O. BOX 3244
  HARLAN, IA 51593-2424
  (800) 727-6937 (Subscription Number)
  tomnetsel@aol.com (Gazette Editor, Tom Netsel)
  Yes, the Gazette is finally shutting down.  They are trying to clear out
  old inventory, so give them a call for back issues.

  GEOJOURNAL

  COMMODORE CEE
  P.O. Box 232115
  Sacramento, CA 95823
  EMAIL Jack Vanderwhite@cee-64.wmeonlin.sacbbx.com (Contact)
  Jack Vanderwhite, editor.
  Fidonet: 1:203/999
  (916) 395-9733 (Bulletin Board System)
  COMMODORE CEE has taken over publication of back issues of GEOJOURNAL.


   4.3.  What is a Disk Magazine?  Where do I find them?

  A disk magazine is a publication that comes out as a text file(s) on a
  diskette.  You load the reader program on a computer and view the magazine
  on the computer screen.

  COMMODORE CEE (was CEE-64 Alive!)

  COMMODORE CEE
  P.O. Box 232115
  Sacramento, CA 95823
| Jack Vanderwhite@cee-64.wmeonlin.sacbbx.com (Contact)
  Jack Vanderwhite, editor.
  Fidonet: 1:203/999
  (916) 395-9733 (Bulletin Board System)
  The magazine covers all the Commodore computer systems  Also, a distibutor
  of both PD and original software in a catalog with magazines and demo issue.
  Distributes the Australian Commodore Network magazine.

  The magazine operates a Bulletin Board for subscribers.  However, anyone
  can log on or download on first access.  Speeds range from 300-14400 bps.
  the bulletin board maintains over 2000 files for the C64 and C128.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       Europe   Australia

  one year subscription (6 issues)  $36.00   $48.00US Order from Commodore
  (18 disks)                                          Network
  demo issue                        $ 3.00   $--.--

  Back Issue Information:

  Volume 1/1992   5 issues             $20.00
  Volume 2/1993   6 issues             $25.00
  Volume 3/1994   6 issues (15 disks)  $30.00

  LOADSTAR 64 Monthly and LOADSTAR 128 Quarterly

  SOFTDISK PUBLISHING
  P.O. BOX 30008
  SHREVEPORT, LA  71130-00008
  Jeff Jones (Associate Editor)
  EMAIL: loadstar@genie.geis.com (Contact)
  (800) 831-2694 (Phone)
  (318) 221-8870 (Fascimile)
  (318) 425-4382 (Bulletin Board System)
  Two disk magazines that feature C64/C128 programs, articles, news, music,
  and graphics.  Available on 3.5" and 5.25" disks.  The 64 magazine is
  currently offering a risk-free issue.  Just call and sign up.  Cancel if
  you are not satisfied.

  LOADSTAR pays a premium price for programs and is looking for good C64
  and 128 programmers.  LOADSTAR also pays for articles.  Call for a risk-free
  issue.  Each issue contains programmer's guidelines in a file called
  LOADSTAR BRIEFS.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       Other

  LOADSTAR 64 (12 issues)           $ 89.95  $109.95
  LOADSTAR 128 (4 issues)           $ 39.95  $ 49.95
  LOADSTAR 64 and 128               $119.95  $149.95

  Driven

  Driven
  Steve Akers, steve@uunet.uu.net (Editor)
  Roger W. Lueck, coolhand@kaiwan.com (Editor)
| Driven is a publication in a single disk file that can be downloaded
| and run on a Commodore 64.  The aim of each issue is to strengthen and unite
| the North American (NTSC) demo scene through dissemination of information
| about the scene, its participants, and the demos they make. The overall goal
| is to add yet another means of keeping the C64 alive as a whole.

| Each issue contains news about the demo scene (including what demos,
| utilities, etc. get released), contact information for scene members,
| interviews with demo authors, and demo reviews.  In addition, the
| magazine offers general interest articles describing C64 resources
| available on Internet, commercial products, online services, and
| software developers.

  Driven is FREE.  Distribution is unlimited and encouraged.  It can be found
| at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/c64/magazines/ and on IRC channel #c-64 on one
  of the many bots.  In addition, the magazine can be retrieved from Corrosion
  of Conformity at (905) 385-8014.  The editors can also uuencode and email
  each issue to you if wanted.  As a last resort for people unable to find
  Driven by one of these preferred free routes, you can "subscribe"
  for $2 an issue (maximum of 3 issues at a time, please).  Send subscription
  requests to:

  Threshold Productions
  17730 15th Ave. NE Suite #229
  Seattle, WA. 98155
  (Each disk will include a few demos and Threshold Production new game
  previews along with each issue on one disk)

+ Vision
+ Rick Mosdell, rick.mosdell@canrem.com (Editor)
+ Saul Bottcher (Editor)
+ Founded in the summer of 1993, Visions is an all-original and constantly
+ improving magazine including not only articles, but also graphics
+ of high, medium, and low resolution, as well as fonts and music of all
+ styles.

+ A wide variety of information comes on every issue, ranging from
+ high-level technical research to social commentary to poetry.  The graphics
+ and music in each issue are high quality original work, with the occasional
+ classic picture or song.  The musical varieties available in the magazine
+ range from classicla to contemporary, including the Vision theme song.

+ All these elements are packed into a compact, efficent, and fast reader
+ program.  Each issue's articles, music, and graphics are tweaked to
+ provide as much effect as possible.

+ Vision accepts nearly any subject matter, making it an open forum for
+ writers and reporters of all styles and genres.

+ Vision is FREE and can be acquired locally in the Toronto Ontario Canada
+ area on Electric City at 905-793-9699 (C/G board at 1200 8/N/1) or
+ on the Internet at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/c64/magazines/Vision/


   4.4.  What is an Online Magazine?  Where do I find them?

  An online magazine is one which exists in a text file format and can be
  downloaded like a regular file off the network by the user for browsing
  and/or printing.

  Usenet C= Hacking Magazine

  An on-line magazine written by denizens of comp.sys.cbm, this features
  in-depth technical programming information on C64 and C128 computers.
  The creator and editor of the first 10 issues was Craig Taylor
| (duck@nando.net), and the new editor is Jim Brain
  (brain@mail.msen.com).  The issues of C= Hacking can be found on
  ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in the directory /pub/cbm/hacking.mag.  Back issues
  can be retrieved from Jim Brain's mail server (See Section 6.5.2 for
  directions on how to use the mail server).  If you have World Wide
  Web access, C=Hacking is at:

  http://www.hut.fi/~msmakela/cbm/hacking/
+ http://www.msen.com/~brain/chacking.html
+ http://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/~csbruce/HACKING/Hacking.html


   4.5.  Are there other publications I should be aware of?

  No library of publications is complete without some reference materials,
  like programmer reference guides, user's guides, machine language tutorials,
  and BASIC tutorials.

  Also, don't overlook the many fine Commodore User's Groups in the world.
  These groups typically publish newsletters with timely information and
  help for troubled machines or users.  See Section 15 for a list of Commodore
  User's Groups.

  The following publications are not "Commodore" publications, but do
  contain Commodore information periodically.

  Historically Brewed

  Historical Computer Society
  2962 Park Street #1
  Jacksonville, FL  32205
  "Historically Brewed" is the magazine put out by the Historical Computer
  Society.  From time to time, they have articles on Commodore equipment.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US

  one year subscription (6 issues)  $18.00
  demo issue                        $ 2.00


   4.6.  How do I know which magazines to subscribe to?

  This list of magazines is included for informational purposes only.
  No attempt by the FAQ maintainer has been made to validate the
  information contained in this list.  Also, the list is organized in
  a first-come, first-served order.  The ordering does not imply the
  rating of the magazines by the FAQ maintainer, nor does it indicate
  the past or present business status of each magazine.  Due to the
  somewhat dynamic nature of magazines, it is highly recommended that the
  prospective subscriber verify this information before subscribing.


   5.  Connecting Up


   5.1.  How do I connect my computer to the outside world?

  First, we need to define what "outside world" means.  In this sense, we are
  referring to the process of connecting the Commodore computer up to another
  computer or computers and exchanging textual, binary, or graphical
  information.  To connect to another computer, one must have a
  Commodore computer system, a modem, a phone line, and a telecommunications
  program (called a terminal emulator or terminal emulation program).
  While you can use this to connect to other individuals, to access great
  stores of online information you need to subscribe to an "online
  service", which can take many forms.  This type of service allows you
  to correspond with many people with a single phone call, and may permit
  you to contact people out of your area without a long distance phone call.


   5.2.  What services can I use to get online?

  The following services can be accessed by a Commodore computer and
  allow the user to access online information.

    Bulletin Board System (BBS).    - Small system usually with one phone
        line operated by an individual. Fees are optional.  For a list of
        BBS systems in your area, contact Myles Skinner for a listing at
        mskinner@julian.uwo.ca.

    Compuserve Information Service. - CompuServe has two Forums designed
        specifically for Commodore 8-bit computer users.  CBM Applications
        Forum (GO CBMAPP) deals with programming, geoProgramming,
        applications software, telecommunications, CP/M, utilities and
        hardware.  CBM Arts/Games/Music & GEOS Forum (GO CBMART) deals with
        GEOS in general, music (including SidPlayer and MIDI), games,
        graphics and graphics utilities.  Both Forums have full message
        boards and extensive data libraries, and both Forums have weekly
        real-time conferences.

        The CompuServe network is available virtually world wide.  The
        Commodore Forums are attracting increasing membership from Europe
        and Australia, and have begun to tap into the vast variety of
        Commodore files available around the world (some of the best new
        Commodore programs are coming in from Europe these days).  CompuServe
        has an extensive network of local numbers throughout the United
        States and Canada and is also available through supplemental
        networks such as SprintNet and DataPac.  The number of direct
        CompuServe connect numbers in Europe is beginning to expand.

        While there is no standalone CompuServe navigator program available
        for Commodore users, CBMAPP has the CIS.EXE script set that
        automates Dialogue 128 on CompuServe, and also VIDAUT.BIN which will
        virtually automate Vidtex (which is available again through Software
        Support International).  In addition there is OFFLIN.HLP, a text
        file in CBMAPP, that provides a method for semi-automating access
        with any standard comm program and word processor.

        CompuServe's rates are as follows:

        * The Standard Pricing Plan (also referred to as Basic Services)
        provides free unlimited access to a wide variety of news, reference,
        shopping, games, financial, communications and travel services for a
        monthly charge of $8.95.  New members get their first month of Basic
        Services free (the $8.95 charge does not begin until their second
        month of membership).  All other access is charged at standard
        hourly rates.

        * The Alternative Pricing Plan provides unlimited free access only
        to Membership Support Services (Customer Service, the Practice Forum,
        the Help Forum and the support Forums for CompuServe's software) for
        a monthly fee of $2.50.  All other usage is charged at standard
        hourly rates.

           Standard Pricing Plan:       Alternative Pricing Plan:
           300 bps.........$ 4.80/hour  300 bps...........$ 6.30/hour
           1200,2400 bps...$ 4.80/hour  1200,2400 bps.....$12.80/hour
           9600,14400 bps..$ 9.60/hour  9600,14400 bps....$22.80/hour

        While these rates on the face of it appear to be much higher than
        some of the other competing services, it is important to remember
        that with CompuServe's threaded message structure it is possible to
        capture all messages, sign off, read and reply to them off line, and
        transmit the replies in a very short time, so that one's actual
        connect time and cost will be minimized.  This is not possible on
        wholly-interactive services.

        Compuserve Information Systems
        P.O. Box 20212
        Columbus, OH  43220
        (800) 848-8990 (Information)

    Genie                           - GEnie is a general interest
        telecommunications service run by General Electric. For a monthly
        price of $9.00, you are given 4 hours of access time and then charged
        $3/hour for any service.

        The Commodore support area on GEnie is known as the Flagship
        Roundtable.  While there are a few premium services on GEnie that
        charge an extra price, all of the Flagship is available at the basic
        rate. The Flagship RT includes some "Real-Time Conferences" (RTCs)
        featuring classes or discussion of issues associated with Commodore
        computers. Additionally, there is a BB (Bulletin Board), which works
        much like Usenets comp.sys.cbm (only the discussion is broken down
        into categories and topics). Finally, the Flagship has an extensive
        library of Commodore files.

        The BB messages can be read economically by capturing all the new
        messages in a terminal programs capture buffer, and reading the
        messages off-line. Wizard, the C= GEnie fron end, supports this.

        Because GEnie is a general interest service,it supports many different
        computers, and you can use any ASCII terminal program to connect to
        GEnie. Wizard is available, but not required. GEnie operates normally
        at 300, 1200, and 2400 baud, although for additional cost you can
        connect at 9600 baud. There are local access numbers across the
        country.

        GEnie
        401 North Washington Street
        Rockville, MD  20850
        (800) 638-9636 (Information)

    Delphi Internet Services.       - Delphi is a commercial system that,
        while small in comparison to other systems, is growing rapidly.  It
        has a large forum dedicated to Commodore computers, as well as access
        to the Usenet and the comp.sys.cbm newsgroup.  Delphi has two plans.
        One, called the Standard Plan, costs $10.00 a month and gives the
        user 4 hours of non-prime time (6PM-7AM) free each month.  Each
        additional hour is $4.00.  The other plan, called the Advantage Plan,
        costs $20.00 a month and gives the user 20 hours of non-prime-time
        free each month.  Each hour over 20 is $1.80.  Access to the Internet
        via Delphi costs an additional $3.00 for both plans each month.

        Delphi Internet Services
        1030 Massachusetts Avenue
        Cambridge, MA  02138
        (800) 695-4005 (Information)

    Phoenix Network                 - Phoenix is a new network system.  It is
        reviewed in Issue 3 of Commodore World, and other publications.
        (612) 537-5077 (Information)
        mystique@fyrebird.com (Contact?)

    Internet                        - The largest online service.  The
        Internet is a collection of 4 million machines interconnected using
        a common protocol called TCP/IP.  This service is the result of a
        U.S. defense experiment started in the late 1960's.  Due to its
        distributed nature, the Internet is unlike most other online services.
        In some cases, as in universities, there is no cost to access the
        "net", as it is called, and some other online services offer access
        to the Internet.  This is the home of all the FTP sites, the USENET
        and the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm, Internet email, and the World
        Wide Web.  When you use these services you are utilizing the Internet.

    QuantumLink                     - Q-Link was a Commodore specific
        telecommunications service.  This service, while booming in the late
        1980's, has now been discontinued.

        There was an effort to retrieve as many of the QuantumLink files
        as could be retrieved.  Email Brenda G4 at b.gann1@genie.geis.com
        for more information.


   5.3.  What hardware do I need?

  To access online services you will need a functional Commodore computer
  that is physically able to have a modem of some kind attached to the
  computer.  The more common C64 and C128 are able to be used with a modem,
  but computers like the Commodore C16, C116, some PETs and some older CBM
  business machines may require significant investments in order to be
  used.

  With a functional computer, you will need a modulator/demodulator
  (modem) unit of some kind.  There are two basic kinds that can be used
  on the Commodore computers:

  A standard RS-232 (EIA-232) external modem.

  These modems are very common in today's market, as they are usable on all
  computer systems.  They usually are constructed in a small rectangular
  box, have lights across the front, and have either a standard 9 or 25
  pin D-style connector on the back of the unit.  Speeds range from 300bps
  to 28,800 bps and above.  This modem requires an interface cable of some
  kind to connect to the Commodore computer.

  A Commodore compatible external modem.

  These modems are much less common in today's market.  Originally
  manufactured only by Commodore, some examples include the C1600 (300bps
  manual dial), C1650 (300bps, pulse dial), C1660 (300bps, DTMF dial), and
  C1670 (1200bps, AT commands, DTMF/Pulse dial).  Although other
  companies manufacture compatible modems, it seems that the maximum speed
  is 2400bps for all models.  This modem style plugs directly into the
  Commodore user port.

  Please note that all speeds marked are maximums.  Most modems will
  operate at any speed up to the maximum.  Most users agree that buying
  a Commodore compatible modem these days is an unwise move, except
  for special circumstances.  The suggestion is to purchase a standard
  modem and an interface to use the modem with the CBM machine.

  If you chhose to purchase a standard external modem, you must also
  purchase or build a suitable interface.  There are two major types
  of interfaces:

  Simple Cable Interface.

  This type of interface merely converts the nonstandard RS-232 pinout
  on the Commodore user port to the standard RS-232 pinout and performs
  voltage level translation as required by RS-232 specifications.  This
  interface can be purchased for $20 to $40 new or built by the user.

  There are a number of homemade interfaces available.  The TRANSACTOR
  published an interface in the Nov 87 issue (V8iss3) and Commodore Hacking
  Online Magazine published plans for one in issue 4 (See MailServer section
  for retrieval instructions.  These are both supposed to emulate the
  VIC1011A that C= put out many years ago, and you might find one at a
  computer "flea market".  Another version is designed by Stephen Coan.
  Send email to fred.mueller@att.com for a copy of the schematic in ASCII
  format.  The differences between the two is the Transactor one has
  switchable options for some of the leads and the Coan one is hard wired.
+ (See Section 12.4 and 12.5 for interface designs)

  UART interface.

  To use a modem, a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)
  is needed.  When Commodore designed the CBM VIC-20, C64 and C128, they
  emulated a UART in software to keep costs down.  Although this works
  for slower speeds, there is a limit to how fast the software UART can
  function.  For faster access, a real UART is needed.  This type of
  interface provides a complete UART in a cartridge that plugs into the
  expansion port.  To utilize it, all software must be written to take
  advantage of the real UART.  UART interfaces can be purchased from
  CMD (Swiftlink), HART (HART Cartidge), or built from plans (DataPump).

+ Swiftlink:

+ Creative Micro Designs, Incorporated. (CMD)
+ 15 Benton Drive
+ P.O. Box 646
+ East Longmeadow, MA  01028-0646
+ (800) 638-3263 (Orders only)
+ (413) 525-0023 (Information)
+ (413) 525-0147 (Fascimile)
+ cmd-doug@genie.geis.com (Contact)

+ HART Cartridge:

+ Hatronics
+ 195 Lincoln Avenue
+ Montclair, NJ  07042
+ (201) 783-7264
+ Mark Hatten (Contact)

+ DataPump:

+ ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/CBM/documents/datapump.sfx (GEOS format)
+ ftp://hamsterix.funet.fi/pub/CBM/documents/datapump.sfx (GEOS format)

+ The decision of which interface to buy depends on the speed of your modem
+ and the software you are using.

+ If you are using 2400 bps or slower (4800 bps on a C128), the simple
+ interface cable will suffice, and most terminal programs can be used.

+ For speeds between 2400 and 9600 bps (4800 and 19200 bps on a C128), a
+ number of options are open.  Some programs can use the simple interface
+ cable to allow this faster access.  Newer terminal software may be written
+ to exploit Daniel Dallmann's 9600 bps access technique, which requires
+ some small modifications to the simple interface cable (see Section 12.5
+ for more information).  Finally, some programs allow the use of a UART
+ cartridge.

+ For speeds above 9600 bps, a UART interface and an approprite terminal
+ program is your only option.


   5.4.  What kinds of terminal programs exist?

  There are many types and versions of telecomunications programs (referred
  to as terminal emulation programs or terminal programs).  Some are better
  than others, but individual users will ultimately decide which they
  like best.  Most terminal programs available today are Shareware, but
  some are still sold commercially, and some new commercial terminal
  programs are being sold.

  All of these programs include emulations of the popular terminals such as
  DEC VT100, VT102, VT52, and ANSI.  Also, each includes a number of
  file transfer protocols (See Section 6.1 for more information on transfer
  protocols).


   5.4.1.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 64?

  Novaterm

  Novaterm 9.5
  Nick Rossi
  10002 Aurora Avenue North #1159
  Seattle, WA  98133
  $25 US for the program, now at version 9.5.
  voyager@isumataq.eskimo.com (Contact)
| The version is available as shareware at
  ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/voyager/Novaterm/nova9.5-?.sfx

  Nick will be commercially releasing Novaterm 10.0, but plans an interim
  shareware release of Novaterm 9.6, which will include a faster 80 column
  screen mode and an 80 column connect timer, among other improvements.

  Kermit

  Kermit 2.2
  Kent Sullivan
  16611 NE 26th Street
  Bellevue, WA  98008
  $12.50 US for the program, now at version 2.2.
  Note that Columbia University holds the copyright for the Kermit Terminal
  Software.  You can get a copy of the Commodore version by ftp:
| ftp://ftp.cs.columbia.edu/archives/kermit/c64*   (for speeds up to 1200 bps)
| ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/telecomm/KERMIT/kermit-Notes.txt
|                                                  kermit-v2.2a.sda
|                                                  kermit-v2.2b.sda
|      (for 1660 modem users)                      kermit-c1660.sda
|      (for Swiftlink/DataPump modem users)        kermit-v2.2s.sda


   5.4.2.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 128?

  Desterm

  Desterm 2.0/2.1
  Matt Desmond
  mdesmond@can4.rcl.ray.com
  For more information on DesTerm or to get a copy by mail, contact Matt.

  Bob's Term Pro

  Dialogue 128


   5.5.  Can I use my Commodore computer on Amateur Radio?

  Yes you can.  If you want to use your CBM system as a terminal for a
  standard RS-232 compatible packet radio Terminal Node Controller (TNC),
  you can hook it up in the same way as a modem.  See Section 5 for more
  information on how to connect your Computer to a modem.

  In addition, the ICHPUG User Group (see Section 15 for address) has
  an extensive library of files for the C64/128 relating to Amateur Radio.

  If you would like to use the Commodore 64 as a Amateur Radio repeater
  controller, Engineering Cosulting manufacturers such an item:

  Engineering Consulting
  583 Candlewood Street
  Brea, CA  92621
  Robert Blumenkranz (Contact)
  radiobob@earthlink.net (Contact)
  http://www.earthlink.net/users/engcon/webdocs/


   5.6.  Is there TCP/IP software available for Commodore computers?

   Unfortunately, there is none at this time.  However, the following
   information is available:

   Jim Brain has performed tests that demonstrated the ICMP and IP
   protocol layers.  Daniel Dallmann has now verified these
   tests and both of them, as well as Cameron Kaiser, are independently
   working on a TCP/IP protocol stack for the Commodore 64.



Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.0 Part 2/4
Summary: This posting contains answers to questions that commonly surface in
         comp.sys.cbm.  This posting will tell you enough to get your
         computer connected to a network, fixed, and/or enhanced.  This file
         should be read by new users of comp.sys.cbm before posting to the
         group.  It should also be proofread by users who are currently
         active in comp.sys.cbm.
Keywords: CBM FAQ Help List C64 C128 VIC Modem
Followup-To: comp.sys.cbm
Organization: Brain Innovations, Inc.
Reply-To: brain@mail.msen.com
Message-ID: <cbmmainfaq20895@msen.com>
Supersedes: <cbmmainfaq20795@msen.com>
Expires: 05 Sep 1995
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.0.p2
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part2
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part2
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part2
Version: 3.0
Last-modified: 1995/08/04


  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

   6.  The Online Information Reservoir
   6.1.  How do I download?  What is a transfer protocol?
   6.2.  What is the difference between PETSCII and ASCII?
   6.3.  Where can I find Commodore programs?
   6.4.  What is a file extension, and what do they stand for?
   6.5.  What is electronic mail?
   6.5.1.  What are mailing lists and how do I join one?
   6.5.2.  What is a Mail Server?  How do I use one?
   6.5.3.  How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?
   6.6.  What is USENET or NetNews?  What is a USENET newsgroup?
   6.6.1.  What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?
   6.6.2.  What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?
   6.6.3.  Which issues does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?
   6.6.4.  How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?
   6.6.5.  How can I access comp.sys.cbm through email?
   6.7.  What is a FidoNET echo?
   6.7.1.  What echoes cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?
   6.7.2.  How do I post in an echo?
   6.8.  What is the World Wide Web?
   6.8.1.  What WWW sites have Commodore information?
   6.9.  What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
   6.9.1.  What FTP sites have Commodore Information?
   6.9.2.  What is an FTP Mail Server?  How do I use one?
   6.10. What is Internet Relay Chat (IRC)?
   6.11. What else is available online?

   7.  Exchanging Data
   7.1.  How do I exchange data among Commodore 8-bit machines?
   7.2.  How do I exchange data between an IBM(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.3.  How do I exchange data between an Amiga and my Commodore?
   7.4.  How do I exchange data between a Macintosh(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.5.  How do I exchange data between an Atari ST(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.6.  How do I exchange data between a UNIX(tm) machine and my Commodore?
   7.7.  Are there other ways to exchange data between computers?

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


   6.  The Online Information Reservoir

   How true this is.  There is information everywhere online, just
   waiting to be accessed and used.  Hoever, getting at the information
   can be a time consuming process.

   6.1.  How do I download?  What is a transfer protocol?

  To transfer files for another computer (another 64 or 128, UNIX, OS/2,
  DOS, MVS, VMS, Amiga, Atari, or other), you should use a transfer protocol.
  Although it is possible to transfer files by turning on the terminal
  program's capture buffer and receiving the file, this is not very
  reliable and is prone to errors.  When transferring any sizable amount of
  data, one should use some sort of error-correcting file transfer protocol.
  A file transfer protocol splits a file into many pieces, or "packets", and
  send a number of them at a time.  It then waits for an acknowledgement from
  the receiver that the received received the packets correctly.  At this
  point, the sender send the next batch of packets.  This process is
  repeated until the entore file is transmitted.  Each packet contains
  computed checksums and other error detection bytes to ensure the
  received data is not corrupt.

  Below are descriptions for some of the more popular protocols:

  PUNTER

  PUNTER is a Commodore specific transfer protocol that used to be the
  standard for file transfer.  However, with the increase in IBM-based
  bulleting board, it has been replaced by other protocols.  Most Commodore
  BBS systems still offer PUNTER as an option, but almost no other BBS
  systems have support for it.

  KERMIT

  KERMIT is the name of one of the oldest file transfer protocols.  KERMIT
  is unique in that it can encode the file being transmitted so that
  it does not contain any bytes greater than 128 and does not contain any
  special control bytes that terminals use to perform special actions.  As
  such, this protocol is the most robust, but it is also the slowest.
  A common statement is, "if you can't KERMIT it, you can't get it"

  XMODEM

  XMODEM comes in several varieties.  Standard XMODEM sends files in 128 byte
  packets.  There are two standard error-correction methods with XMODEM
  checksum and CRC.  CRC is the more modern of the two.  There is also a
  version of XMODEM which supports 1K-byte packets.  This version is most
  commonly known as XMODEM-1K, but is sometimes erroneously called YMODEM.

  YMODEM

  YMODEM is a "batch" XMODEM protocol, allowing you to transfer multiple
  files in one operation.

  ZMODEM

  A new file transfer protocol is ZMODEM.  ZMODEM is theoretically the
  fastest transfer protocol, but only shows a speed gain over the others
  on noise-free telephone lines.  It achieves this speed increase by only
  replying to the sender about the bad packets.

  Most terminal programs support PUNTER, XMODEM, XMODEM-1K, YMODEM, and
  KERMIT.  The Kermit terminal program only supports KERMIT, and Novaterm,
  as of version 9.5, supports ZMODEM receives, but not sends.


   6.2.  What is the difference between PETSCII and ASCII?

  When Commodore designed the PET line of computers, they chose for the
  character set encoding a special encoding called PETSCII.  This set is
  similar but not the same as the American Standard Code for Information
  Intercahnge (ASCII).  Now, this does not cause any
  problem when transferring information between or among Commodore
  computers (except the Amiga, which I believe uses ASCII), but causes
  problems when exchanging information with othe computer types.

  The obvious solution is for all Commodore users to translate incoming
  information into PETSCII from ASCII when talking to another type of
  computer.  However, this effectively ruins binary files, which have
  no concept of character codes.  Therefore, the rules are:

  Do not translate when exchanging binary files with any computer

  Translate all textual information exchanged with non-Commodore computers.

  Translate textual information exchanged with Commodore computers only
  if they are translating it as well.

  If  a text file you retrieve looks like the uppercase letters should
  be lowercase and vice versa, then the file is in ASCII and needs to
  be converted to PETSCII.


   6.3.  Where can I find Commodore programs?

   Commodore programs are available from a number of sources.  For commercial
   software, please see Section 15.1 for a list of software dealers.  For
   shareware and public domain, you can use FTP (Section 6.9), electronic
   mail (Section 6.5.2), and bulletin board system in addition to the
   software dealers to download or buy programs and other software.


   6.4.  What is a file extension, and what do they stand for?

  A file extension is a 1 or more letter suffix appended to the end of a file
  name to indicate the type of file it is.  The extension usually indicates
  the contents of a file.  The list below describes some more common file
  extensions, what they are used for, and how to use the file.

  Please note that these file extensions are not Commodore-exclusive.  Many
  computers use file extensions.  Also note that some file extensions
  are cumulative.  IF a file is named "filename.tar.gz", this indicates that
  the file is of type "gz", and the file(s) inside the gz file are of type
  "tar".  To use this file, one would note that both extension are
  archival extensions.  One would undo the "gz" archival method to restore
  the "filename.tar" archive, then undo the "tar" archival method to restore
  the original file.

  Extension:    Meaning:            Notes:
  -----------------------------------------
  .txt          Text File           This file is not compressed, so it needs
                                    no decompression step.  However, the file
                                    may be in either ASCII or PETSCII format,
                                    so a conversion step may be necessary.
                                    Most terminal programs can do this
                                    conversion, and there are stand-alone
                                    programs that do the necessary conversion
                                    also.

  .sda          Self-Dissolving     Just load and run the .sda file to
                Archive             dissolve the archive.  Will dissolve
                                    itself into its constituent files.
                                    C64 and C128 .sda files are not
                                    compatible with each other.

  .sfx          Self-Extracting     Load and run just like a .sda file.
                Archive             The same archive can be extracted on
                                    either a C64 or a C128, memory permitting.

  .arc          ARChive             Use the program arc250.4 or earlier
                                    for the 64 or arc128 for the 128 to
                                    dissolve the archive.  arc128 is available
                                    as part of the CS-DOS package.  Other
                                    de-archive programs may exist.

  .lzh          LHArchive           Use the program lhx in CS-DOS on the
                                    128 to dissolve this archive.  These
                                    are not very common.  This archive
                                    uses the same format as .sfx files,
                                    but is not self-extracting.  It is
                                    a standard format also used by
                                    Amiga (and MS-DOS) computers.  This
                                    format originated on the PC.

  .lnx          Lynx Archive        The above formats all compress files when
                                    storing them; Lynx just stores them.
                                    There are many different versions of
                                    Lynx out there, so good luck dissolving
                                    these.

  .lbr          Library Archive     A format similar to lynx.  Library
                                    dissolving programs exist for both the
                                    64 and 128 to dissolve these.

  .uue          UUEncoded file      UUencoding is a process whereby a binary
                                    file can be converted to an all-text
                                    file, transferable by E-mail.  This
                                    encoded file can later be UUDecoded back
                                    to the original binary file.  Unix
                                    has uuencoding/decoding utilities.
                                    A program "uuxfer" for the
                                    C64 (by Fuzzy Fox) will both uuencode
                                    and uudecode.  Note that the contents of
                                    uue file could be another archived file.

  .uua          UU archive          An extension of uuencoding, a uuarchive
                                    file is a concatenation of one or more
                                    UUEncoded files.  So far as I know, this
                                    was introduced by Craig Bruce in his ACE
                                    shell for the C=128, and the utilities
                                    included with that shell create and
                                    dissolve uuarchives.

  .kar          Kevin's Archive     Another text archive format that seems
                                    to have originated with Craig Bruce,
                                    this is a proscription for concatenating
                                    a series of text files (which can include
                                    uuencoded files) into one file.  More
                                    information can be found in C. Bruce's
                                    documentation for his ace shell.

  x!<file>      ZIPCoded file       ZIPCode is a program that takes an entire
                                    disk and "compacts" it into 4 files that
                                    have a number followed by a '!' and then
                                    a filename.  Also, ZipCode can compress
                                    files, in which case the x is a letter
                                    (a,b,c,d) and there need not be 4 files.
                                    If ZipCode has compressed individual
                                    files, there will be an "i!" or
                                    "x!"-prefixed file on the disk that holds
                                    the directory of the file compressed.  To
                                    make things even more confusing, there
                                    are two versions of ZipCode (v1 and v2).
                                    The newer version will accept v1 archives,
                                    but not vice-versa.  Use ZipCode v2 to
                                    unpack such archives.

  x!!<file>     ZIPCode 6-pack      This is a ZIPCode archive that takes an
                                    entire disk and puts it into 6 files,
                                    each file containing GCS codes and header
                                    info for the tracks.  This is basically
                                    a nybble copier that stores the data it
                                    receives from the disk into files.

  .bco          BCODEd file         BCODing is very similar to UUencoding in
                                    that a binary file is converted into an
                                    all-text format that is 33% larger than
                                    the original.  The difference is that the
                                    BCODE format provides additional
                                    information for error detection and
                                    automatic data segmentation and
                                    reordering.  C-code versions of "bcode"
                                    and "unbcode" are available via FTP and
                                    Commodore versions are provided with
                                    ACE-128/64.

  .zip          ZIP archive         Zip is a file format used on IBM
                                    platforms and is created by the PKZip
                                    program that is available for some
                                    platforms.  There are two forms of zip
                                    files that have the same extension.
                                    Both are created by different versions of
                                    PKZip.  The first, version 1.01, can be
                                    dissolved on a 64 by using the program
                                    UNZIP64.  The second, newer format is
                                    version 2.04, which cannot be dissolved by
                                    UNZIP64.  Your best solution when in doubt
                                    is to dissolve the files on another
                                    platform.  For the 128, there is a version
                                    of the UNZIP64 program, called UNZIP128
                                    that has been modified to run in 128 mode.
                                    It is in a file called NZP12813.SFX.

  <file>]x      Compression Kit     x = 4,7,8, cmd, or c(xx) to denote type
                Archive             of media that was compressed.  The files
                                    can be extracted only with The Compression
                                    Kit, from Mad Man Software.

  .tar          TAR Archive         UNIX Tape ARchiver.  This program can be
                                    used to archive files as well.  The file
                                    must be decoded using tar.

  .Z            Compress archive    Compress is a program on UNIX that will
                                    shrink a single file.  It is usually used
                                    on .tar files in UNIX to reduce their
                                    size.  The file must be decoded by the
                                    uncompress program, available on UNIX, PC,
                                    Mac and other platforms.
+                                   Also, a very old version of GNU Zip used
+                                   this extension, although the file is not
+                                   fully compatible with the compress format.

  .gz           GZIP Archive        GZIP is a free program developed by the
                                    Free Software Foundation to freely shrink
                                    their software.  the resulting file must be
                                    decoded by GUNZIP, available on many
                                    platforms, before using.

  .taz          Compressed TAR      This is a file that should have the
                                    extension "tar.Z", but has been shortened
                                    for MS-DOS.  Run uncompress, then tar on
                                    this file.

  .tgz          Gzipped Tar File    This is a file that should have extension
                                    tar.gz, but has been shortened for MS-DOS
                                    Run gzip or similar on the file, then tar.

  .gif          Graphics            This is a compressed graphics format
                Interchange         created by Compuserve.  To view this file,
                Format              one must find a GIF viewer program.

| .jpeg         Joint               This graphics format can use one of two
|               Photographers       compression algorithms.  One, called DPCM
|               Expert              (Differential Pulse COde Modulation)
|               Group               retains all of the information in the
|                                   original file, which is usually a picture.
|                                   The more common algorithm, called DCT
|                                   (Discrete Cosine Transform), relies on the
|                                   inability of the human eye to distinguish
|                                   among some colors.  DCT "throws away" some
|                                   information in the file (picture), while
|                                   still retaining the essence of the picture.
|                                   To view these pictures, one must either
|                                   obtain a JPEG veiwer or convert them to
|                                   GIF format.

  .jpg          JPEG                This is an MS-DOS named .jpeg file.

  .tiff         Tagged              This is a graphics format used on high
                Image               performance workstations.  To view this
                File                graphics format, you will need to convert
                Format              something else.

  .pcx          IBM Picture         This is graphics format used in DOS on
                                    IBM machines.  Convert this file to a
                                    GIF file to view.

  .pict         Mac PICTure         This is a graphics format used on Apple
                                    Macintosh machines.  Convert this file
                                    to a GIF file to view.

| .d64          1541 Disk Image     This file stores an image of one entire
+ .x64                              disk, for use with Commodore emulator
+                                   programs.  Several programs exist to
+                                   extract the image onto a disk or place a
+                                   disk onto an image.  The only difference
+                                   between the .x64 and .d64 file types is an
+                                   added 64 byte header on a .x64 file.

+ .t65         DataSette Image      This file is analogous to the .d64 file
+                                   type, but for tapes.

| .p00          PC64 (Emulator)     This file encapsulates a Commodore program
+               Program File Image  or data file.  To extract the original
+                                   file, remove the first 26 characters.

  .bmp          Windows Bitmap      This is a format used for graphics in
                                    Microsoft Windows and OS/2.  Convert this
                                    file to a GIF to view.

  .pbm          Portable Bitmap

  .xbm          X bitmap            This is a format used for graphics on the
                                    X windowsing system.  Convert this file
                                    to a GIF to view.

  .html         HyperText           This is a WWW hypertext document.  To
                Markup              view this file, you will need a WWW
|               Language            browser of some kind.  See Section 6.8
+                                   for more information on WWW.

  .doc          Document            This file could be a word processing file
                                    from a program like Word for Windows,
                                    Wordperfect, or any other word processor.
                                    Also, some text files that contain
                                    documentation use this extension.

  .cvt          GEOS file           GEOS files use a special file format. The
                                    files are called USR files, but they have
                                    special information in the file that
                                    normal files don't, so you cannot just
                                    upload a GEOS file like any SEQ or PRG
                                    file. You can pack all the extra
                                    information and the data into a regular
                                    Commodore SEQ or PRG file with a program
                                    Called Convert.  It has a version 2.5 and
                                    a 3.0.  The files that result from this
                                    conversion have the extension.  The file
                                    must be processed again by Convert before
                                    it can be used with GEOS.

  If the file type indicates an archive, there are many programs available
  that will handle most archival methods. One of these is called Omega-Q II,
  which includes one-stop compression and decompression of many of the above
  archival types.

  If you use a host system to download the files from, you may want to
  decompress the files before downloading.  Even though the files will be
  larger to download, the time to decompress them offline will not be a
  factor.  However, those who pay by-the-minute for download time would
  probably want the smallest possible file, which implies decompressing on
  the local machine, except in the case of a UU encoded file.  These files
  are actually bigger in the 'UU' format.


   6.5.  What is electronic mail?

  Electronic mail is the online equivalent of post office mail.  Although
  email is a general term, its use is usually meant to mean "Internet email".
  To use email, you must have access to an internet email program.  On UNIX,
  these programs are called mail, elm, or pine.  BBS systems usually have a
  special message area for Internet email.  You address a message to a user
  by using his or her internet email address, which is usually of the form
  name@machine_name.doamin_name.type_of_institution_or_country.  An example
  would be brain@mail.msen.com, which would be user "brain" at machine "mail"
  in doamin "msen" and the type "com" which means company or commercial.

  After addressing the message and choosing a sutiable subject, the body of
  the message is written with information meaningful to the addressee.
  Usually this information is textual in nature and reads much like a
  personal letter.

  It is possible to mail people binary files.  To do this, you need access
  to a program called uuencode.  Most, if not all UNIX machines have this
  command available, and there are versions available for IBM, Amiga, and
  Macintosh. There is also a version of uuencode available for the
  Commodore 64 and 128 as part of the ACE 128/64 OS replacement. (See section
  8.3)  The uuencode program takes a binary file and expands it so that
  it only contains 7-bit ASCII characters.  This resulting file can then be
  mailed to a recipient, who then uses a similar program called uudecode
  that will transform the uuencoded file into the resulting binary file.
  This encoding technique is a standard one used across multiple platforms.
  If you want to send a file to another Commodore owner, you can use bcode,
  which is a Commodore-specific encoding available in ACE 128/64.


   6.5.1.  What are mailing lists and how do I join one?

  A mailing list is similar to a USENET newsgroup like comp.sys.cbm, in that
  it provides a place for people to talk among each other and ask questions.
  The difference is that the mechanism used is mail.  You mail a message off
  to the list, the message then gets sent out to all members of that list,
  they read and reply to the list, and the process repeats.  It is used for
  topics that are considered temporary or topics that have a limited scope and
  may not sustain an entire newsgroup being devoted to them.  It may also
  be used when people want to privately discuss some issue.

  There are a number of Commodore 8-bit mailing lists for you to join:

  cbm-unix - This is a list devoted to the discussion of alternate operating
             systems for the Commodore line that have the familiar UNIX
             shell look-and-feel. You can join this one by sending mail to
             mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:

             subscribe cbm-unix Jim Brain                 <use your own name>
             review cbm-unix          <this will show you who is on the list>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

             you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
             cbm-unix@lists.funet.fi.

  old-cbm -  This is a list devoted to discussions of older Commodore
             equipment.  Typically, this list discusses issues concerning
             PETs, the VIC-20, Plus 4 and C16, and other lesser used
             machines.  You can join this one by sending mail to
             mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:

             subscribe old-cbm Jim Brain                  <use your own name>
             review old-cbm           <this will show you who is on the list>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

             you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
             old-cbm-unix@lists.funet.fi.

  c64-hackers - I do not know much about this list other than it is used to
             discuss issue realting to timing and special opcodes used in
             Commodore programs. You can join this list by sending mail to
             mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:

             subscribe c64-hackers Jim Brain              <use your own name>
             review c64-hackers       <this will show you who is on the list>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

             you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
             c64-hackers@lists.funet.fi.

  commodor - This is a list that is for all Commodore 8-bit computer
             discussion.  This list mirrors most of the discussion on
             comp.sys.cbm, so I would post to both places. You subscribe
             by sending a mail msg to:
             listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu with the message:

             subscribe commodor Jim Brain                 <use your own name>
             review commodor          <this will show you who is on the list>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

             you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
             commodor@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu

  c65 -      This is a list that discusses the various aspects of the
             Commodore C65 Prototype system.  There are files and
             information available through this list to C65 owners.  Note
             that this is NOT the list to ask where a C64 can be purchased
             from, since the C65 is not a product, per se, as all available
             units were in-house prototypes liquidated at a warehouse.
             You can subscribe by sending a mail msg to:
             c65list-request@dce.vic.gov.au with the subject:

             subscribe

             You can then send mail to the list by address it to:
             c65@dce.vic.gov.au

  c=hacking - This list is set up to automatically mail out the latest copy
             of Commodore Hacking Online Magazine upon publication.  It is run
|            through Jim Brain's mailserver.  You can subscribe by sending
             a mail message to:

|            brain@mail.msen.com with a subject line of:

             MAILSERV with a message of:

|            subscribe c=hacking Jim Brain                <use your own name>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

+ trivia -   This list is set up to automatically mail out the latest copy
+            of the Commodore Trivia as soon as it is published on USENET.
+            through Jim Brain's mailserver.  You can subscribe by sending
+            a mail message to:

+            brain@mail.msen.com with a subject line of:

+            MAILSERV with a message of:

+            subscribe trivia Jim Brain                   <use your own name>
+            help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

+ cbm-main-faq - This list is set up to automatically mail out any major
+            updates to this Frequently ASked Questions List.  It is run
+            through Jim Brain's mailserver.  You can subscribe by sending
+            a mail message to:

+            brain@mail.msen.com with a subject line of:

+            MAILSERV with a message of:

+            subscribe cbm-main-faq Jim Brain             <use your own name>
+            help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

  c64coders - This list is for Commodore 64 coders.  Not much is known about
              the list, but here is how to join.  Send a mail message to:
              c64coders-request@uclink2.berkeley.edu with a subject line of:

              subscribe.


   6.5.2.  What is a Mail Server?  How do I use one?

  A couple of people are running servers that will respond to email requests.
  Each have a limited amount of files available.  To access them send the
  following email:

  To:  brain@mail.msen.com
  Subject: MAILSERV
  Message Body:

  help
  quit

  That will return a list of commands.  Currently the following commands
  are supported:

  help               retrieves a list of available commands.
  catalog            retrieves a list of files currently available.
  send <filename>    retrieves the file <filename>
+ subscribe list_name Firstname Lastname
+                    subscribes the user to a mailing list.


   6.5.3.  How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?

  These online services have gateways to the Internet.  To send a message to
  someone on the following services, make sure they can receive Internet mail
  and address the message as follows:

  Service       Username        Internet Address

  Compuserve    12345,678       12345.678@compuserve.com
  GEnie         j.smith2        j.smith2@genie.geis.com
  Delphi        jsmith          jsmith@delphi.com

  FidoNet is special, since there are many fidonet nodes, so you need the
  specific node information for the system that the recipient is on.  Assume
  that Jim Brain is on a fido BBS that is node 115 on network 233 in zone
  1. (denoted in FIDO as 1:233/115)  The address would be:

  FidoNet       Jim Brain       Jim_Brain@f115.n233.z1.fidonet.org

  If the fido address is a point on a FIDO network (denoted as 1:233/115.200),
  then the address would be:

  FidoNet       Jim Brain       Jim_Brain@p200.f115.n233.z1.fidonet.org


   6.6.  What is USENET or NetNews?  What is a USENET newsgroup?

   USENET is a service on the Internet that presents the user with a variety
   of forums in which to place messages.  It can be viewed as the online
   equivalent of a set of bulleting "corkboards", like those in a hallway.
   Each corkboard or "newsgroup" caters to a different topic.  Users can
   place or "post" messages to the newsgroup for others to read, or followup
   to posts on the newsgroup.


   6.6.1.  What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?

  The first thing to discuss here is the dividing line between Commodore
  models.  All Commodore computers up to, but not including, the Commodore
  Amiga or the Commodore line of IBM PC Compatible computers, are
  discussed in comp.sys.cbm, which is what this FAQ covers.  The Amiga line
  of computers is covered in the separate newsgroups comp.sys.amiga.*,
  where the '*' indicates that there are a number of groups that match that
  name. The IBM PC Compatible computers are discussed in comp.sys.ibm-pc.*.

  comp.sys.cbm -

  This unmoderated newsgroup discusses all topics concerning Commodore
  8-bit machines, including everything from the KIM-1 to the Commodore
  65.  This is the flagship USENET newsgroup.

  comp.binaries.cbm  -

  This moderated groups permits the distribution of uuencoded binary files
  for the Commodore 8-bit computers.  The moderator is Mike Miller
  (mmmiller3@gac.edu).  If you have a favorite program you wish to put up for
  distribution, please download and read the comp.binaries.cbm FAQ (posted in
  its respective group).

  comp.emulators.cbm -

  This unmoderated newsgroup was created in 1994 for those who wish to
  run one of the many emulation programs available on other machines that
| emulate the C64.  This forum seems to be more appropriate for questions
+ concerning operation on "foreign" hardware and file types.

  zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.allgemein -

  This is a German newsgroup that discusses much of the same topics as
  comp.sys.cbm.  "allgemein" = general.

  zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.binaer -

  This German newsgroup parallels the function of comp.binaries.cbm.
  "binaer" = "binary".

  zer.t-netz.c64 -

  This is a general discussion group for the c64 computer.  It has the
  description 'Der am weitesten verbreitete Rechner', which means "The most
  widely used/most popular computer."

  zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.hardware

  This German newsgroups discusses hardware topics relating to the C64 and
  C128.


   6.6.2.  What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?

  Any discussions about Commodore machines excluding the Commodore Amiga
  line, the Commodore IBM PC Clone line are encouraged in comp.sys.cbm
  These machines are commonly referred to as the Commodore 8-bit line,
  whereas the Amiga and PC line is not 8-bit.  Please make sure any question
  you intend on posting is not already answered in this FAQ.  Also, when
  posting a troubleshooting question about inoperative equipment, please give
  as much detail as possible.  Be considerate of others in the group and keep
  questions not pertaining to some aspect of Commodore 8-bit machines and
  peripherals out of comp.sys.cbm.  The group does realize, however, that a
  large percentage of Commodore 8-bit owners also own another computer system
  and might have questions about interfacing or emulations.  Just use your
  own good judgement.


   6.6.3.  Which issues does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?

  Although comp.sys.cbm discusses all Commodore 8-bit machines at times,
  the C64 and C128 get most of the attention.


   6.6.4.  How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?

  You first need to access the newsgroup comp.sys.cbm through the use of
  newsreader.  There are many available in UNIX with names like rn, nn, tin,
  and trn.  I can't begin to tell you what command each uses to construct
  a posting, but your machine administrator should be able to tell you.
  All posts should contains relevant Summary and Keyword info, as well as
  a descriptive title.  If you are posting a followup to an existing article,
  and are quoting the article, please only quote the relevant portions of the
  existing article.

  If you find that you cannot post to a newsgroup via your newsreader, but do
  have Internet electronic mail capabilities, you can post to the newsgroups
  via e-mail.  For example, to posts a message to COMP.SYS.CBM, simply mail the
  message to either comp.sys.cbm@anon.penet.fi or comp-sys-cbm@cs.utexas.edu.
  It is probably best to use the U of Texas address, since the other is an
  anonymous posting service, so people won't know who originated the post.
  Such disguises are unnecessary in the CBM newsgroups.


   6.6.5.  How can I access comp.sys.cbm through email?

  If you do not have access to the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm and do have
  access to Internet email, Allen Smith has graciously set up a list server
  that will mail each day's postings to you.  To use this service, email
   listserv@compsmth.soonet.ca with NO subject and ONLY

   SUBSCRIBE comp-sys-cbm

   in the body (no leading spaces, no signature) to use this service.


   6.7.  What is a FidoNET echo?

  FidoNET is a "grass roots" network that originated to link bulletin board
  systems across the country together.  Unlike the Internet, which uses
  dedicated phone lines at high speeds to implement its network, FidoNET uses
  regular phone lines at normal modem speeds that are not dedicated to
  providing networking to link the machine on FidoNET together.  FidoNET
  allows the exchange of messages in message bases called "echoes" among
  various boards.  To use the FidoNET echoes, you must connect to a system
  that has FidoNET access.  It is not possible to describe all the features
  of FidoNET in this FAQ, so you should consult your local User Group or BBS
  sysop for more info.

  The FidoNET echoes are similar to USENET newsgroups, although the echoes
  have more strict rules about content and topics.


   6.7.1.  What echoes cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?

  The relevant echoes for Commodore users are:

  CBM       Commodore 64 and 128 News and Discussions
  CBM128    Commodore 128 specific News and Discussions
  GEOS      GEOS News and Discussions
  PCWRITE   Cross Platform Computing, including C64 emulators
  CBM.GER   German Fido area for CBM discussion.


   6.7.2.  How do I post in an echo?

  Echoes are usually posted in the same way that you would mail a BBS
  message in any other area, although the BBS may operate differently.
  It is best to follow any online directions or consult the local BBS sysop
  for more details.

   6.8.  What is the World Wide Web?

  The World Wide Web (WWW or W3) is a Internet-wide Hypertext document
  retrieval and display system.  To use WWW, you must have access to a
  WWW HyperText Markup Language (HTML) browser.  Typical examples include
  lynx, which is a ASCII browser available on UNIX, and Mosaic, a GUI
  browser available for UNIX, Windows, Mac, and other platforms.  There
  are others, but these are a few.  Once in a browser program, point it at
  some of these WWW "pages".

  If you do not have WWW access to the Web, you can request pages be mailed
  to by sending mail to listproc@www0.cern.ch with the subject help.  The
  return mail should tell you how to request a WWW page.

  However, if you do have access to telnet on the Internet, you can access
  the Web.  Instructions on how to do this, in a file called wwwtelnet.txt,
  can be retrieved from Jim Brain's MAILSERV server.  See Section 5.X for
  information on how to access the server.


   6.8.1.  What WWW sites have Commodore information?

  A number of them!  Below is a partial list of WWW sites that contain
  Commodore information.  This list is not exhastive, but will provide
  many hours of Commodore information.

  http://www.hut.fi/~msmakela/cbm/
  The main European Commodore site maintained by Marko Makela

  http://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/~csbruce/index.html
  Craig Bruce's site.

  http://www.msen.com/~brain
  Main US Commodore site maintained by Jim Brain

  http://www.prairienet.org/community/clubs/cucug/main.html
  The Champaign-Urbana Commodore User Group Site.

  http://monami.psc.edu/
  The Pittsburgh Commodore Group site.

  http://www.nada.kth.se/~d93-alo/c64/
  Commodore 64 Games Home Page.

  http://basil.cs.flinders.edu.au:2374/~gardners
  Paul Gardner-Stephen's home page, C65 information.

  http://www.rbg.informatik.th-darmstadt.de/~supermjk
  Marc-Jano Knopp's home page.

  http://www.infinet.com/~rbatina
  Robert Batina's home page.

  http://www.csd.uu.se/~d94aca/vic20.html
  Anders Carlsson's home page

  http://ix.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/~fs1/c64/
  Andre Fachat's home page

  http://131.188.190.131/~poldi/c64.html
  Daniel Dallmann's home page

  http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~poing/
  Demo scene info.

  http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~poing/english/padua.html
  Frank Michlick's home page

  http://130.239.24.82/asv/phred/index.html
  Fredrick Backman's home page

  http://stekt.oulu.fi/~jopi/
  Jouko Valta's (Jopi's) home page.  X64/128 emulator project home page

  http://www.industry.net:80/users/speck/
  Sean Peck's home page.

  http://www.alkymi.unit.no/~sveinw/
  Svein Yngvar Willassen's home page.

  http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ipoorten/8bit.html
  Atari 8-bit Home page

| http://www.accessone.com/slab/prodc64s.html
  Seattle Labs (C64S Emulator) WWW home page.

  http://www.engr.wisc.edu/~conover/c64.html
  Commodore 64 (*.d64 and *.t64 Archive) home page.

  http://www.funet.fi/pub/cbm/
  Ftp.funet.fi (via WWW)

  http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/fms/comp/
  Personal Computing and Emulation Homepage

| http://www.yaho.com/Computers/PCs/Commodore/
  Yahoo Commodore Index

  http://www.armory.com/~spectre/cwi.html
  The Computer Workshops WWW site.

  http://www.futurenet.co.uk/computing/commodoreformat.html
  Commodore Format magazine home page.

  http://www.futurenet.co.uk/computing/amigaformat/commodore.html
  Info on status of CBM and Amiga Format mag info.

| http://hangar18.acns.nwu.edu/users/aforte/cbm/cbm.emu.faq.toc.html
  Commodore Emulation FAQ.

  http://chrom.imbg.ku.dk/bonzai.html
  Bonzai home page.

  http://www.ling.umu.se/asv/phred/cbm64/cbm64.html
  Phred's home page.

| http://www.ccn.cs.dal.ca/Services/PDA/commodore.html
| Chebucto Community Net Commodore Public Download Area

  http://www.jyu.fi/~np/c64cheats.html
  The Great C64 Cheats Compendium

| http://www.netaxs.com/~rmk/com.html
  Rick Kephart's home page.

  http://www.kaiwan.com/~sirfitz/qlink.html
  Charles Fitzhugh's Qlink home page.

  http://www.portal.com/~steward/qlink.html
  Another Qlink home page.

  http://www.warwick.ac.uk/~stuce/default.html
  Peter Weighill's Original CBM WWW site (soon to go away)

  http://www.giga.or.at/pub
  WWW mirror of Guenther Bauer's ftp site.

  http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/Web/People/mjw/Computer/Amiga/News/AR/index.html
| Amiga Report Home page

  http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~pfkurek
  Peter Kurek's Interactive site for the C128/64.

  http://sdsdabmc.nesdis.noaa.gov/GEOF/wac.html
  Washington Area Computer User Group home page.

| http://www.webcom.com/~softdisk/c64.html
| LOADSTAR and LOADSTAR 128 Home Page (Softdisk Publishing).

  http://stud1.tuwien.ac.at/~e9426444/index.html
  Commodore SID Music home page.

| http://www.ccn.cs.dal.ca/Technology/CUGNS/CBM.html
  The Commodore User's Group of Nova Scotia WWW Site.

  http://www.lut.fi/~veijalai/
  Kimmo Veijalainen's home page.

  http://www.jyu.fi/~np/
  Niilo Paasivirta's home page.

  http://www.rhi.hi.is/~aaj/
  Agust Arni Jonsson's home page. NemeSID collection.

  http://www.inf.bme.hu/~mrc/
  Peter Suba's home page (Delta System home page).

  http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cross/
  Douglas W. Jones', author of the SMAL cross assembler, home page.

  http://www.earthlink.net/users/engcon/webdocs/
  Engineering Consulting WWW home page.

+ http://www.msen.com/~brain/guest/Gaelyne_Moranec/
+ Gaelyne Moranec's WWW home page and QWKRR128 information.

+ http://www.fastlane.net/homepages/msessums/
+ Metroplex Commodore Computer Club (MCCC) home page.

+ http://www.fastlane.net/homepages/msessums/msessums.html#METRO
+ Metro C-64/128 Users WWW home page.

+ http://www.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de/~grfrog/
+ Greenfrog's WWW home page

+ http://www.infinet.com/~mbendure/cnet/
+ C-Net 64 BBS home page.


   6.9.  What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?

   File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a service available on the Internet to
   allow users to send and retrieve files on the Internet.  To allow anyone
   to access some machines, the special user "anonymous" or "ftp" is used
   to log into another machine for ftp.  These machine, which hold public
   domain (PD), shareware, and freeware files, are called "anonymous ftp"
   sites.  To get files from these sites, you use (on most systems) a program
   called ftp.  A typical ftp session (assuming you are running from a Unix
   system) would be as follows:

  SAMPLE SESSION:

  %ftp ccnga.uwaterloo.ca                   <ccnga.uwaterloo.ca is site name>
  Connected to ccnga.uwaterloo.ca.
  220 punisher FTP server (SunOS 4.1) ready.
  Name (cco.caltech.edu:rknop): anonymous     <Use "anonymous" for user name>
  331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.
  Password:                                   <Type your E-mail address here>
  230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
  ftp> cd /pub/cbm/utilities                         <"cd" changes directory>
  250 CWD command successful.
  ftp> dir z*                             <"dir" alone lists whole directory>
  200 PORT command successful.
  150 ASCII data connection for /bin/ls (131.215.48.57,2084) (0 bytes).
  -rw-r--r--  1 root     root        15427 Apr 13 15:42 zed-128.070
  -rw-r--r--  1 root     root        14107 Apr 13 15:42 zed-128.doc
  226 ASCII Transfer complete.
  remote: z*
  134 bytes received in 0.44 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s)
  ftp> binary                           <specifies binary files. IMPORTANT!!>
  200 Type set to I.
  ftp> get zed-128.070                            <requests file zed-128.070>
  200 PORT command successful.
  150 Binary data connection for zed-128.070 (131.215.48.57,20) (15427 bytes)
  226 Binary Transfer complete.
  local: zed-128.070 remote: zed-128.070
  15427 bytes received in 0.1 seconds (1.5e+02 Kbytes/s)
  ftp> quit                                      <quit when you are finished>
  221 Goodbye.
  %

  To submit files to an ftp site, you use the command "put".  Again, make sure
  to first specify "binary" for programs and other binary files.  Typically,
  ftp sites will only accept submissions in an "INCOMING" directory.

  To download software (files) from an anonymous ftp sites, one has to
  be aware that there are two connections to be concerned about.  The
  first connection is from your Commodore to you host computer and then
  the connection from your host to the ftp site.  In addition you need to be
  be aware of the nature of the information in the desired file, particularly
  if you are downloading programs.  If the file is not known to be in
  printable ASCII form, consider it a binary file.  It may also be be in an
  archived form, i.e. a form where it is packed with many files or in a
  shortened format.  Consider these to be binary unless it is of the "uu"
  type which is an ASCII format.


   6.9.1.  What FTP sites have Commodore Information?

  A number of sites on Internet have areas for Commodore files. The list
  of current Internet FTP sites can be retrieved from the Jim Brain's
  mail server as file cbm-ftp-sites.MM.YY where MM is the Month and YY is the
  year that the list is for.  (See Section 6.5.2 for directions on how to
  use the mail server).  The FTP List is maintained by Howard Herman and a
  copy of the latest file can be obtained from him at
  72560.3467@compuserve.com.


   6.9.2.  What is an FTP Mail Server?  How do I use one?

  If your service provider does not allow access to FTP directly, there
  are some systems that will perform the FTP session on your behalf.  These
  systems are called "ftp mail servers".  These allow the user to request
  files to be retrieved by electronically mailing a message to the server.

  To use the service, you must first learn how the service works.  This is
  done by mailing the server address with the word "help" in the body of
  the message This will result in the directions being sent in a message to
  you.  Then, following the directions, you can request files from any
  FTP sites through the server.  The server will send both the retrieved
  files and a message detailing the execution of your request.

  Here is a sample request message:

  To: ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
  Subject:
  Body:
  connect ccnga.uwaterloo.ca anonymous brain@msen.com
  chdir /pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm
  ls -l
  quit

  Please note the following:

  This service is only for retrieving files.

  Binary files will usually be uuencoded.  They must be decoded before use.

  Large files may be split into smaller pieces.  The resulting pieces must
  be editted back into one piece, and decoded if necessary.

  Potential ftpmail servers include:

  ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
  bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu

  Craig Bruce has set up a ftp mail server off his regular email address.
  Here is how you would utilize it:

  To: csbruce@little.uwaterloo.ca
  Subject: ftpmail
  Body:
  help
  bcode
  ftp ccnga.uwaterloo.ca
  cd /pub/cbm/os/ace
  dir
  get ace12.doc
  quit

  All of the regular FTP commands are supported, with the addition of
  the following commands:

  help   - gives help information.
  bcode  - requests the data be sent as bcoded files.
  hexcode- requests the data be sent as hexcoded files.


   6.10. What is Internet Relay Chat (IRC)?

  Internet Raley Chat (IRC) is an online version of citizen's band radio or
  BBS chat rooms.  The service is worldwide and is available on the Internet.
  To use IRC, one would normally use a client program (typically called irc on
  UNIX machines) to access the service.

  Although the program used to access IRC varies, the commands are pretty
  much standard.  All commands are entered on the text line and begin
  with a "/" character.  Here are a few important ones:

  /join #c-64               Join the #c-64 channel, which discusses topics
                            concerning Commodore hardware and software.

  /msg Commbot help         will get you info on Commbot which carries C64/128
                            software to download.

  /msg Filebot help         another C64 bot with software to download from.

  /msg coolhand xdcc list   if he is online, this user has many c64 files
                            which can be downloaded via this command.

  /quit                     leave.

  /names *                  List names of all people in current channel.

  /dcc send (nickname) (filename)
                            Send a file to person (nickname).

  /dcc receive (nickname) or
  /dcc get (filename)       REceive a file from someone.

  If you need more info on how IRC works, there is a file available on
  Jim Brain's email file server called irc-info.txt that explains IRC in
| more depth.  (See Section 6.5.2 for directions on how to use the mail server)


   6.11. What else is available online?

  If you are looking for other places on the Internet to talk Commodore,
  there is the Commodore forum on CoSy, a system accessible from the
  Internet.  To access this service, you must have access to a telnet
  program.  Here is the relevant information:

  telnet cosy.softwaords.bc.ca
  login: cosy
  CoSy: j commodore

  This will bring up a list of topics pertaining to Commodore.  The forum
  moderator is Robert Todd and his email address is robert.todd@bbs.serve.org.
  This forum is ideally suited to discussions about the Color64 BBS
  system and other Commodore BBS systems.  If you wish to post in the
  forum, please send email to that effect to Robert Todd.


   7.  Exchanging Data

   At some point in time it becomes necessary to move data from one machine to
   another.   Sometimes this is easy, sometimes it is not.  This section will
   help you decide which way of transferring files is best.


   7.1.  How do I exchange data among Commodore 8-bit machines?

+ You can exchange data between Commodore machines in a number of ways, but
+ each way requires an exchange medium, whether it be tape, disk, modem, or
+ null modem.

+ To transfer files between any Commodore machines besides the Plus/4
+ series that have datasette ports, the file can be save to tape and
+ exchanged.  The Plus/4 series tape drives read and write data in a format
+ not compantible with any other CBM system.

+ To transfer files between any Commodore computers with disk drives, you
+ need to find a drive that can be connected to either computer, or two
+ drives with compatible disk formats.  Some examples of two drive setups:

+ 2031   1541
+ 4040   1541     (Read but not write compatible_
+ 8050   8250     (can't use back side of 8250 disk)
+ 8050   SFD1001  (can't use back side of SFD1001 disk)
+ 1551   1541
+ 1571   1541     (can't use back of 1571 disk)

+ Modems can be used to exchange the information, if both computers can
+ use modems.  Just perform a dowload on one end, and an upload on the
+ other.  Null modems can make this job simpler, by removing the data->
+ telephone line step performed in a modem.

+ With all of these methods, data files should transmit fine, but program
+ file written in ML will most likely not work, and BASIC programs will
+ usually fail is loaded on a machine with a differing version of BASIC.


   7.2.  How do I exchange data between an IBM(tm) and my Commodore?

  Commodore computers use a disk format which is not compatible with the
  disk formats of other computers.  However, some programs exist which allow
  you to read foreign, specifically MS-DOS, disks.  Note that in general to
  do this, you must have either a 1571 or 1581 disk drive.  The 1541 cannot
  read MS-DOS disks without some hardware modifications.

  A commercial package, The Big Blue Reader, from SOGWAP software, runs on
  either a 64 or a 128, will read and write MS-DOS format 3.5" (with a 1581)
  and 5.25" (with a 1571) disks.

  Other freely distributable programs exist to read and write 5.25" MS-DOS
  disks.  One such program is Crosslink, (available on ccnga.uwaterloo.ca
  although it is limited to reading files 43K in size or smaller.  Finally,
  there are a few CP/M MS-DOS reading utilities that work in the C128's CP/M
  mode.

  RUN magazine (4/89 to 6/89) published a series of programs that would use
  1571/1581 drives to transfer MS-DOS files to and from a C= drive.  It is
  also limited in file size handling ~43-44K.

  Issues 4 and 5 of C= Hacking magazine presented a program called Little
  Red Reader for the 128 that will copy files to and from MS-DOS floppy
  disks.  The menu-driven program requires two disk drives to work, where the
  one containing the MS-DOS disk must be a 1571 or 1581 (or compatible).  The
  program does not buffer data internally, so the only size restriction on
  copying is the capacity of the target disk.  The program provides PETSCII/
  ASCII conversion but will work only with the root directories of MS-DOS
  disks.  The program is also available via FTP and is FREE.

  To read and write to MS-DOS disks with 1541 disk drives you have to make a
  small hardware modification. The 1541-dos package contains instructions on
  how to modify Commodore 1541 and Oceanic OC-118/OC-118N disk drives, and
  programs to read disks in MS-DOS format and to write to disks in a format
  that can be read by MS-DOS computers.  The newest version of the package is
  available via anonymous ftp on ftp.funet.fi in /pub/cbm/documents/1541-dos.

  To read CBM disks on an IBM, you can use the program x1541 available on
  ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in /pub/cbm/emulation.  This program uses the PC parallel
  port to emulate a C= serial port.  You need to have a unique cable built to
  make the connection.  The cable is connected to a 1541 drive.
  The documentation has a schematic for the cable.

  Also, if you own a Commodore 1581, there is a PC program which can read
  1581 formatted disks.  It is called 22DSK13.

  There are no programs that will read a 5.25" Commodore disk in a 5.25" PC
  drive.


   7.3.  How do I exchange data between an Amiga and my Commodore?

  TransNib

  The TransNib 1.00 package for Amiga allows transferring files
  C64<->Amiga at up to 60000 bps. It uses a parallel<->user port cable that
  currently transfers 4bits at a time. Uses 2-way handshaking. 2 versions
  of the 64software are in the archive. Requires a disk drive. 1541
  fastloader compatible. The Amiga side software can be run from shell of
  WB, multitasks fine and has nice simple GUI.

  For more information, get the archive from ftp.wustl.edu,
  /systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/TransNib100.lha

+ PData

+ The PData 3.51 package for the Amiga allows transfer of both binary and
+ text files between the C64/C128 and the Amiga.  It's about 25 times faster
+ than a null modem cable, and it even leaves your Amiga serial port free for
+ other applications.

+ You can transfer up to 255 files in both directions in multitransfer mode.
+ The program works with an cable attached between the 64 user port and the
+ Amiga parallel port.  The Amiga software can be run from any Amiga,
+ although Kickstart v37.175 (v2.04) is required to utilize all functions.

+ for more information, get the archive at:
+ ftp://ftp.doc.ic.ac.uk/computing/systems/amiga/mods/chip/NemeSIDs-Extra.lzh


   7.4.  How do I exchange data between a Macintosh(tm) and my Commodore?


   7.5.  How do I exchange data between an Atari ST(tm) and my Commodore?

+ Atari ST can read and write 3.5" DD disks formatted for PC. You need to use
+ TOS 1.4 or higher to format.  Using Big Blue Reader to write 3.5" PC
+ format on CBM will permit transfer.

+ ST also has RS-232 port, so one can transfer data by using RS-232 adaptor
+ on the C64 and some terminal/handshaking programs to control the transfer.


   7.6.  How do I exchange data between a UNIX(tm) machine and my Commodore?

+ One way is to use PC and then ftp to UNIX, unless the UNIX runs on a PC.
+ Some Sparctations have drives with MSDOS filesystem emulation, but it has
+ problems even with Atari/DOS disks.


   7.7.  Are there other ways to exchange data between computers?

  If you are transferring data to another computer (e.g. a PC) in the same
  room, or if you are lucky enough to have a terminal server line near your
  64/128(more and more colleges are putting such beasts in dorm rooms), you
  be able to connect your serial port directly to another computer.  If you
  have a terminal server port, all you need is a C= RS232 to standard RS232
  adapter (see 9.8).  If you are connecting to another, PC, you will also
  need a null modem.  A null modem is a simple device that you can buy for
  less than $10.  It typically is a small box with a 25-pin (or 9-pin) RS232
  connector on either side.  Put it somewhere in the line between your C= and
  the other PC.



Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.0 Part 3/4
Summary: This posting contains answers to questions that commonly surface in
         comp.sys.cbm.  This posting will tell you enough to get your
         computer connected to a network, fixed, and/or enhanced.  This file
         should be read by new users of comp.sys.cbm before posting to the
         group.  It should also be proofread by users who are currently
         active in comp.sys.cbm.
Keywords: CBM FAQ Help List C64 C128 VIC Modem
Followup-To: comp.sys.cbm
Organization: Brain Innovations, Inc.
Reply-To: brain@mail.msen.com
Message-ID: <cbmmainfaq30895@msen.com>
Supersedes: <cbmmainfaq30795@msen.com>
Expires: 05 Sep 1995
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.0.p3
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part3
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part3
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part3
Version: 3.0
Last-modified: 1995/08/04


  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

   8.  Operating Systems
   8.1.  What Operating Systems are available?
   8.2.  What is GEOS?
   8.3.  What is UNIX?
   8.4.  What is CP/M

   9.  Demonstrations
   9.1.  Just what is a demonstration, or demo?
   9.2.  What does NTSC and PAL mean?
   9.3.  Where do I get demos?
   9.4.  What is a demo competition?
   9.5   What does FLI, DYCP, etc. mean?

  10.  Emulators
  10.1.  What is an emulator?
  10.2.  What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
  10.3.  What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
  10.4.  Are any other Commodore computers emulated?

  11.  Troubleshooting
  11.1.  What do I do for my ill disk drive?
  11.2.  What do I do for my ill computer?
  11.2.1.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 64?
  11.2.2.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?
  11.3.  What do I do for my ill keyboard?

  12.  Modifications and Cabling
  12.1.  How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?
  12.2.  How do I open a C128 power supply?
  12.3.  How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?
  12.4.  How do I build a simple RS-232 interface cable?
  12.5.  How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?

  13.  Enhancements
  13.1.  How do I increase my disk drive's transfer speed?
  13.1.1.  What is a Fastloader?
  13.1.2.  What is a ROM replacement?
  13.1.3.  What are the disadvantages to using a drive enhancement?
  13.1.4.  What other things can I do to speed up the drive?
  13.2.  How do I expand my disk drive's capacity?
  13.2.1.  What is a Hard Drive?  Who sell them?
  13.2.2.  What is 64NET?
  13.3.  How do I expand my computer's RAM capacity?
  13.3.1.  What is a Ram Expansion Unit?
  13.3.2.  What is a geoRAM Unit?
  13.3.3.  What is battery backed GeoRAM (BBGRam)?
  13.3.4.  What is a RAMLink?
  13.3.5.  What is a RAMDrive?
  13.3.6.  How do I expand my C128 Video RAM?
  13.3.7.  How do I expand my C64 internally?
  13.3.8.  How do I expand my C128 internally?
  13.4.  How do I increase my computer's speed?
  13.4.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's speed?
  13.4.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's speed?
  13.4.3.  Can I speed up other Commodore computers?
  13.5.  How do I increase my computer screen's resolution?
  13.5.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's screen resolution?
  13.5.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's screen resolution?
  13.5.3.  How do I increase other CBM computers' resolutions?
  13.6.  How do I increase my computer's serial transfer speed?
  13.7.  How do I increase my computer's sound quality?
  13.8.  What other ways can I expand my Commodore computer?

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


   8.  Operating Systems

  Most Commodore users aren't aware that each machine has an operating
  system.  Since all Commodore systems come complete with a built in
  operating system and BASIC programming language, the need for an
  operating system is minimized.  However, Commodore's internal OS is
  not always the right tool for the job, so alternate OS systems are
  available for the CBM.


   8.1.  What Operating Systems are available?

  Well, Commodore computers come with a standard operating system
  built in ROM. They also contain a built in BASIC interpreter which is
  normally activated after switching on or resetting the computer.
  If you want alternative options to replace the existing OS, there are a few
  that may suit your needs.  GEOS is the best known, but a number of people
  have made UNIX-like operating system replacements for the Commodore 64 and
  128.  Also, on the 128, CP/M is available out-of-the-box. (see below for
  details on different OS types.)


   8.2.  What is GEOS?

  GEOS stands for Graphical Environment Operating System.  It is a Graphical
  User Interface (GUI) style of OS, and it brings to the Commodore 64 and 128
  integrated applications.  The graphical nature of GEOS allows applications
  to use fonts of any size, bitmaps, and menus and mice.  The system was
  Designed by Berkeley Softworks, now GEOWorks, and is supported now by CMD.
  There are a number of graphical style GEOS applications, like GEOWrite,
  GEOPaint, GEOPublish, GEOTerm, etc.  The system is very easy to use, and
  is very fast, even when compared to other GUIs like Windows and OS/2.

  GEOS can make very effective use of a Ram Expansion Unit, a RAMDrive or
  RAMLink, or GEORam.  GEOS allows you to configure your REU to appear just
  like another (very fast) disk drive, although it does not keep its contents
  when you turn your computer off.  So, any GEOS software that works off of
  a disk will work out of your REU.  Since GEOS is very disk-intensive, this
  greatly improves the performance of your system.  Indeed, some firm GEOS
  adherents have said that they would not use GEOS without a RAM device of
  some sort.

  GEOS will not work with a stock 1700.  To have a RAM drive, in GEOS, you
  must have at least 256K of expansion.  Thanks to patches developed by Jim
  Collette(configure2.1), GEOS also supports 1 Meg, 1.5 Meg, and 2 Meg REUs.

  GEOS files are structured differently from standard Commodore files.  They
  cannot be uploaded or downloaded directly.  Before you upload a GEOS file,
  use the freeware GEOS application convert2.5 by W.C. Coleman to convert it
  to Commodore format.  When you download a GEOS file, you must use the same
  program to convert it to GEOS format.  By convention, GEOS format files
  converted to standard Commodore format have a .cvt on the end; however,
  many converted GEOS files just have the same name as the original GEOS file.
  As a rule of thumb, any GEOS file you download, regardless of the extension,
  must be converted to GEOS format with convert2.5.

  If you download an archive of GEOS files (e.g. a .arc or .sda file
  containing GEOS files), you must first dissolve the archive using your C64
  or C128 in native mode.  The constituents of the archive will be converted
  GEOS files, whether or not they have the .cvt extension.  Each of these
  constituents (which are GEOS files) must be individually converted to GEOS
  format with convert2.5.

  If you need some help with GEOS or any aspect of it, I refer you to Myles
  Skinner at mskinner@julian.uwo.ca.  He is one of many people who use GEOS
  every day and can be of help.


   8.3.  What is UNIX?

  UNIX is an OS that was developed by Bell Laboratories in the 1960's and
  is now used on many workstations.  It is a multi-user, multi-process
  OS that has extensive support from the educational and commercial
  communities.  Internet and Usenet are primarily a collection of UNIX
  workstations networked together.  The UNIX-like OS replacements for
  Commodore computers mainly emulate the shell of UNIX, where programs are
  run by merely typing in their name.  Other aspects of UNIX, such as
  multiple processes are supported by some of the offering, which are:

       Asterix. -   A UNIX-Look-and-feel Shell replacement for 64

       UNIX128. -   A small implementation of UNIX for the 128.

       ACE 128/64.- A new offering which borrows the UNIX shell look for 64
                    and 128.  It is available at ftp.funet.fi in
                    /pub/cbm/csbruce.


   8.4.  What is CP/M

  CP/M stands for Control Program for Microcomputers and is available on
  every Commodore 128.  There is also a CP/M cartridge available for the
  Commodore 64, but it cannot read CP/M disks, just 1541 formatted disks, and
  there are questions concerning its ability to work with all revisions
  of the Commodore 64.  CP/M was very popular in the early eighties before
  MS-DOS became popular.  It requires a Z-80 microprocessor, which the 128
  has, or an 8080 processor, and a disk drive capable of reading CP/M disks,
  such as the 1571.  If you don't need to read existing CP/M formatted disks,
  then a 1541 could also be used.  This operating system is the one that
  MS-DOS was modeled after, so there are a lot of similarities.  If you are
  interested in using CP/M as your primary OS, then please check out the
  newsgroup comp.os.cpm, as they have more info on the current events
  concerning CP/M.

  The version of CP/M used on the 128 is 3.0, commonly called CP/M Plus.
  It is compatible with earlier versions of CP/M but adds some new features.
  The copy of CP/M 3.0 that ships with the 128 was specially modified to allow
  use of the features of the 128, such as the Ram Expansion Unit as a RAM
  disk, the SID chip, and the extra RAM of the 128.

  In the March 1994 issue of dieHard, Mike Gordillo gave an overview of the
  CP/M operating system.  It is one of many such articles that should be read
  by anyone new to CP/M.


   9.  Demonstrations

  Very few Commodore enthusiasts have never seen a demonstration, yet
  many aren't really sure what one is.  Well, since these programs are still
  alive and strong in the 1990's, we need to answer some of their mysteries
  (but not all of them, as their job is to amaze).


   9.1.  Just what is a demonstration, or demo?

  A demonstration, or "demo" as they are known, is a piece of software that
  is designed to provoke a visually and aurally pleasing effect from the
  computer.  This usually involves large amounts of multi-colored graphics,
  complex synthesized or digitized sounds, and orchestrated movement of
  shapes or color schemes on the screen.  Demos originated as introductions
  to "cracked" games, games in which the copy protection had been rendered
  useless.  As time wore on, the standard abilities of the computer were all
  used in demos, and rival "cracker" teams raced to bring out the best demo.
  In the search for the "best demo", demo authors, or "coders", tried to
  maximize the use of the computer in a demo program.  Also, they exploited
  any undocumanted feature the computer could provide.  Since most of the
  circuits in the Commodore computers were multi-purpose, experienced coders
  could use some of their features in non-standard ways. Some examples:

  Removing the top and bottom border.
  Removing the side borders.
  Placing text (text mapped sprites) in the open borders.
  More than 8 sprites on screen at once.
  pseudo interlacing to create illusion of up to 640*400 resolution.

  Since the commercial game market has shrunk significantly over the past
  few years, and since demos are sometimes too involved to be classified
  as a game into, many demos are packaged so they can "stand-on-their-own".
  Users can download a demo, load it up, and run it like any other program.

  As demos got more involved, some coders produced cutting-edge technology
  demos intended to "one-up" their rival coders, while others made artistic,
  but less technically challenging demos for arts sake.  Either way, it is
  important to note that demos are not usually interactive.  They are meant to
  be viewed and listened to.  Demos are mostly passive entertainment, and
  appreciation for the effects generated in a demo increases as one
  realizes the normal limitations of the Commodore line of computers.
  So, sit back, load up a demo, run it, and enjoy.


   9.2.  What does NTSC and PAL mean?

  These two acronyms refer to the type of TV broadcasting signals used
  to create the video picture on your TV or monitor. American, Japanese, and
  Canadians use NTSC, while a good part of Europe uses PAL.  This usually
  makes no difference to programs, as the C64 and C128 in C64 mode always
  present 200 lines of pixels to the video display.  However, since the PAL
  standard allows more lines to be displayed on the screen and has a slower
  screen refresh time, the PAL computer has more time before screen
  refreshes to perform other operations, and also can put more information
  on the screen in some cases, since there are more lines in a PAL dislpay.
  Since demos use highly optimized timing and complex routines to perform
  the effects, some demos can only be written for PAL machines.  Sometimes,
  a demo is written for a PAL machine, but it can be made to run on an
  NTSC machine.  Demos that can run on both machines without any code
  modification are called regular demos, those that can only run on PAL
  machines are PAL demos, PAL demos that have been modified to run on NTSC
  machines are called NTSC-fixed demos, and NTSC demos that have been
  modified to run on PAL machines (rare) are called PAL-fixed demos.


   9.3.  Where do I get demos?

  There is a whole site full of  demos.  They are located in the
  /pub/cbm/c64/demos directory of nic.funet.fi.  See section 5.4 for
  directions on how to transfer files from this site.


   9.4.  What is a demo competition?

  This is a "convetion" where people from the demo "scene" get together.
  They are usually held in Europe, although other countries do have them.
  Coders get together and exhibit previously unreleased  demos in a competition
  where the best ones are ranked according to a subjective scoring system.
  At the end of the competition, the demos are released to the public.  To
  make things somewhat fair, demos are judged according to computer type, so
  Amiga demos do not get judged alongside 64 demos.  These competitions are
  usually held in conjunction with music or art competitions.

  Most demo competitions are held within Europe due to copyright laws and
  stuff.

  Previous pardies (demos parties, or competitions) held were:-

  Event                     Location        Date
  -----                     --------        ----
  Radwar Pardy              Germany         January 1994
  Pardy III                 Denmark         Decemeber 1993
  Chormance & Faces Pardy   Hungary         December 1993
  Elysium Pardy             Poland          Decemeber 1993
  Entropy Pardy             Holland         June 1993
  Assembley '93 Pardy       Finland         May 1993
  The Computer Crossroads   Sweden          April 1993
  Radwar Pardy              Germany         January 1993

  Duration 1993-1994 (March 1994)

  Most pardies are held when all the schools are on hoildays.

  The point of a copy pardy is to go there with your computer, meet other
  computer friends from other groups and swap different warez, meet other
  members of your group and using the combined skills from the members
  (graphics/coding/musix/spreading), write a demo before the closing time for
  the pardy so it can get voted on. The winner comes away with about 300
  Kronar or similar.


   9.5   What does FLI, DYCP, etc. mean?

  Here is a small incomplete list of acronyms used to describe the different
  effects used in demos:

  Compiled by:
                Chief/Padua
                MAD/Padua
                Virus/The Acient Temple (UK)

  Jargon          Description
  ------          -----------

  Different Y/X Routines:

  DYCP          Different Y Char Position.  Can run 4 sinus tables though
                it. Each letter can have a sperate sinus tables per character.
  DYPP          Different Y Pixel Position.
  DYSP          Different Y Sprite Position.
  DYXCP         Different Y/X Char Position.  Like DYCP with coordinate
                X/Y movement. Works with Bobs. (Well is a bob routine really).
  DYPPTT        Different Y Pixel Position Tech Tech. Same as a DYXPP.
                TT means tech tech.
  FPP/FPD       Flexible Pixel Posistion/Fexible Pixel Distance
  FLD           Flexible Line Distance.
  AFLIFPP       Advanced Flexible Line Interpretation Fexible Pixel Position.

  Graphics:

  Graphics      In the upper/lower border (Bitmap/4 Colour)
  FLI           Fexible Pixel Posistion. Full screen.
  AFLI          Advanced Flexible Line Interpretation. Hi-RES same as amiga
                graphics. Gives all 16 colours in an 4x8 character block unlike
                usual 3 found in bitmap.
  Morphing      Picture Coverting from One image to another.
  Ray Tracing   Maths graphics.

  Scrollers:-

  Bob Scroll    Using character to display a text based scroller with light
                source.

  Sprite:

  Zoomers       Sprite based stretching.

                Serious side border routines.
                Sprite stretching above the standard Double Y expansion
                Sprite Multi-Plexing

  Vector:

  Standard      Lots of vector routines, too many to mention.
  Shade
  TV Box
  Shadow
  Vector
  Under
  Rubber
  Morphing
  Glenz
  Light Source
  Pixelized
  Solid Filled
  Plamsa
  Rubber
  Fractal
  Shade Bobs
  Shade Line

  Plotting:

  Star Balls    3D Star Field.
  Dot Potters   Just dot plotters.
  Plot Scroll   Dot Plot scrollers.

  Maths:
  Plasma        Very hard to explain
  Fractals      You know these.

  D011/D018
  D011 Split    Charset on one side of the screen - Vectical splits in
                which is Vecticaliy impossible - an on the other side of the
                split you get a FLI or Bitmap Image).
  Flexer        Bit like a Sprite stretcher.

                Bitmap Hardware Swing/Scroll Swing.
                Veritcal Rasters


  10.  Emulators

  As time moves on, people move to other computer systems, for business resons
  or otherwise.  However, many still long to play Commodore games, use
  Commodore software, and enjoy Commodore demos.  Thus, emulators were born
  to bring the non-Commodore computer owner the enjoyment of owning a
  Commodore.


  10.1.  What is an emulator?

  An emulator is a piece of software that runs on a given platform and
  emulates, or mimics, the operation of another machine.  When the
  emulator loads up a program, the programs runs as though it were running
  on the emulated platform.

  For more information on emulators and their use, please see the emulator
  faq, located in the same directory as this one, under the name of
  cbm.emulation.faq.  The Commodore emulator FAQ is maintained by Russell J.
| Alphey and can also be obtained from him at
+ Russell_Alphey@muwayf.unimelb.edu.au or R.Alphey@agriculture.unimelb.edu.au.

  For those with WWW browsers, the CBM Emulation FAQ is at:

| http://hangar18.acns.nwu.edu/users/aforte/cbm/cbm.emu.faq.toc.html


  10.2.  What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?

  Well, C64S exists for the IBM, and X64 is available for anyone running
  X over UNIX.  There is also some development on a C64 emulator for the
  Macintosh.  If you own an Amiga, you can purchase A64 to allow the Amiga
  to run C64 applications.


  10.3.  What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?

  There is a very basic Commodore 128 emulator bundled available for the
  UNIX platform under X.  It is bundled with X64.


  10.4.  Are any other Commodore computers emulated?

  There is a commodore product called the PET emulator that remaps a
  Commodore 64 to emulate a PET 40 column unit (i.e. PET 4032).  You can
  run this program on a C64 to emulate a PET, or you can run this program
  on a 64 emulator to emulate a PET on an IBM, for example.  You can also
  emulate a VIC-20 on some machines.


  11.  Troubleshooting


  11.1.  What do I do for my ill disk drive?

  If your drive won't even accept input from the computer, and the drive
  light is making some blinking pattern, then the drive may be telling you
  what is wrong.

  No Blink       Kernal (E000-FFFF) ROM or 6522 VIA Failure
  One Blink      6116 RAM Failure
  Two Blinks     Possible Zero Page RAM Failure
  Three Blinks   DOS (C000-CFFF) ROM Failure
  Four Blinks    DOS (C000-CFFF) ROM Failure
  Five Blinks    6116 RAM Failure
  Six Blinks     6116 RAM Failure
  Seven Blinks   6116 RAM Failure
  Eight Blinks   6116 RAM Failure

  1541

  The most common problem facing the 1541 disk drive is alignment.  If your
  1541 has trouble reading commercial disks, or reading disks written some
  time ago, but has less trouble reading recently written disks, chances are
  that your 1541 is out of alignment.  C= service centers will typically align
  a 1541 for anywhere from $20 to $45.  There are also 1541 alignment
  programs, (e.g. Free Spirit's "1541/71 Alignment System") which allow you
  to align a 1541 yourself.  There are those who claim that this does not
  produce good results, but there are others who claim to have had
  satisfactory results with these programs.  There were a couple of articles
  in COMPUTE Gazette and I think RUN on how to do this.  The real problem is
  mechanical in nature and can be over come.  Other products are PHYSICAL
  EXAM 1541 and 1571 versions.

  1571

  The C=1571 drive is normally a double sided drive.  However, it can also
  emulate a 1541 and read single sided disks.  Some of the earlier 1571's had
  older system chips (ROMs) which caused a couple of problems.  One, these
  older drives were typically very slow when writing to the back side of a
  disk.  Two, it would take these drives ~30 seconds to go into single sided
  mode.  To check your ROM version, read the error channel of the disk drive
  right after startup.  On the 128, just PRINT DS$.  On the 64, use:

  10 open15,8,15:input#15,a,a$,b,c:close15:printa,a$,b,c

  Run the program; if the message says v3.0 or v3.1, you have the newer ROM.
  If it has a version <3.0, you probably have the older ROM.

  One problem that might occur is not having the head close enough to the disk
  as required because of the light tension of the spring that pulls the head
  down.  Somewhere I remember that there was supposed to be a replacement
  part.  However, one of the alignment programs suggesting using pennies to
  weight it down and lo and behold it started working.

  1581

  The C=1581 drive is a 3.5" drive that uses DSDD 800K disks.  It is
  compatible with both the C64 and C128, although some programs will not work
  correctly with the 1581.

  A small number of 1581's were shipped with an early version of a controller
  chip which has problems with some software.


  11.2.  What do I do for my ill computer?

  At times, every computer must be serviced.  As the parts supply of Commodore
  equipment dwindles, servicing becomes harder.  However, there are many
  sources in Section 16.2 that can service your Commodore machine, and here
  are some things you can do to service it yourself.


  11.2.1.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 64?

  A common problem with the C-64 is it's power supply.  The C64 power
  supplies are not especially powerful, and have this disturbing tendency to
  fail.  If your computer stops working, first check the power supply.
  Replacement power supplies can be obtained from a number of mail order
  places (e.g. Tenex, Parsec, Inc.).  Additionally, several places advertise
  "heavy-duty" power supplies that come with warranties, and give the C64
  enough power to run a REU.

  If your power supply goes, it can sometimes take other parts of the
  computer with it.  If your power supply has died, but the C64 continues
  to fail with a known working power supply, it is likely that a few of your
  chips got fried.

  Also, another common problem with the C64 is the fuse inside the computer.
  If the system power on light comes on, but you get a blank screen, suspect
  the fuse.  It is usually blown by misinsertion of devices into the computer.


  11.2.2.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?

  Like the 1571, the C-128 has an older ROM and a newer ROM.  The differences
  between the two are less serious than is the case with a 1571.  The easiest
  way to tell the difference is to click down the CAPS LOCK key and hit Q
  while in BASIC direct mode.  If you see a lower case q, then you have an
  older ROM.  If you see an upper case Q, then you have a newer ROM.  New ROMs
  can be ordered from (e.g. the Grapevine Group) for about $25.  The ROM chips
  in the 128 are all socketed, so replacing the chips is relatively easy.


  11.3.  What do I do for my ill keyboard?

    Clean it:

    Materials you will need:

    Denatured (rubbing) alcohol, a clean pencil eraser, cotton swabs, a small
    Phillips head screwdriver, a jewellers size Phillips screwdriver, a
    solder iron of some type, and a Commodore 64 computer keyboard.

    Procedure:

    1. FIRST AND FOREMOST. Make certain that you have discharged any static
       electricity in your body by grounding yourself to something like a cold
       water pipe. Otherwise, you could blow chips in your computer if you
       were to touch the wrong things.

    2. Turn off your computer and unplug any and all cords and connectors,
       fast-loaders, modems, etc. (just have yourself a naked (if you will
       excuse the expression) computer).

    3. Thoroughly clean all external connectors and ports with the swabs and
       alcohol. Also, clean all plugs that go into those ports. If the problem
       you had persists, proceed with the following:

    4. On a clean surface, turn your key-board upside-down. Remove the screws
       in the bottom.

    5. CAREFULLY, separate the two halves about an inch. Unplug the connector
       to the "power" LED on the top of the C-64.

    6. Place the two halves flat so that the keyboard is facing  you. The two
       halves will be connected by a wire harness. This harness may be held
       down by tape that must be removed in order to place the unit flat.

    7. Remove the 15 or so brass screws that hold the  circuit  board  under
       the keyboard.

    7a.Unsolder the wires going to the shift-lock key.

    8. Turn the circuit board over. You will see the bottom of the keyboard
       with a rubber "U" under each key, which makes contact with the board.
       You will also see on the circuit board, a pair of gold contacts for
       each key on the C-64.

    9. CAREFULLY wash ALL the rubber "U"'s and the gold contacts with the
       swabs and rubbing alcohol. Allow the alcohol to DRY.

    10.Gently, clean each gold contact with the eraser. BRUSH AWAY THE ERASER
       CRUMBS (I use  a  small  hand-held, battery-powered vacuum cleaner).

    11.Re-clean the gold contacts with the swabs and alcohol to ensure that
       you have removed ALL traces of the eraser.

    12.Reassemble the C-64 in the reverse order of disassembly.


  12.  Modifications and Cabling

  As time wears on, many Commodore owners are turnign to themselves to
  manufacture small interfaces, modify their systems, and perform other
  enhancements.  Here are some common things the user can construct
  himself or herself.


  12.1.  How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?

  On a 128, you can force the 1571 to go into single sided mode with the drive
  command "u0>m0".  (Issue such a command with open15,8,15,"u0>m0":close15.)
  On the 64, a 1571 defaults to single sided mode, but you can convert it to
  double sided mode (and read full double sided disk in 64 mode) with the
  drive command "u0>m1".  While in single sided mode, you can actually format
  both sides of the disk as separate file systems.  The command "u0>h0"
  selects the regular side of the disk, and "u0>h1" selects the flip side of
  the disk.  Note that the flip side, when formatted this way, cannot be read
  by a 1541; neither side will be readable by a 1571 when the disk is
  inserted upside-down.


  12.2.  How do I open a C128 power supply?

  First, unplug both leads running from the power supply and turn it upside
  down.  Locate four (4) small circles in the bottom; two are in the corners
  and two in the other end a bit nearer each other.

  Find some sharp tool, e.g. pin or nail.  In turn, poke it inside each of
  the cirles, firmly, and pull the caps off gently. They'll come out easily.
  Breaking the caps should not matter, but there is no need to destroy the
  casing in process.

  Unsrew the 4 Phillips headed srews with an appropriate tool.

  Notes:

  This does not apply to the C64 brick!

  Some 128 power supplies do not have rubber feet; rather, they have "L"-
  shaped extensions on the casing.  The caps on these extensions are not
  made of rubber, but can be removed.


  12.3.  How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?

  Here is the diagram used to make a replacement Chroma / Luminence 40
  column cable, that the 1902A uses, to connect to the 64 or 128.

        _______                             ________
      /    3    \      1.  Not Used        /    2    \    *1. Luminance
     / 2       4 \    *2.  Audio          / 4      5  \   *2. Ground
    !             !   *3.  Ground        !             !  *3. Audio out
    !      6      !   *4.  Chroma        ! 1    6    3 !   4. Video out
    !             !    5.  Not Used      !             !   5. Audio in
     \ 1       5 /    *6.  Luminance      \  7     8  /   *6. Chroma
      \____n____/                          \____n____/     7. Not used
                                                           8. Not used
         1902A                                64/128
                            * Actually used


  12.4.  How do I build a simple RS-232 interface cable?

                          RS-232 interface
|                     <Transistors are 2n2222>
  <24 pin edge connector>
  N <-----------------------+-----------+
                           /            !
          22k         !-!>+             !
  M <----/\/\/--------!                 !
                      !---+             !
          1k               \            !  <male db25 connector>
  2 <----/\/\/--------------+------------>-------------------> 2
                                        !
                      +-----------------+
                       \
                        +<!-!                22k
                            !---------------/\/\/------------> 8
                        +---!
                       /
  H <-----------------+

  E <--------------------------------------------------------> 20

  C <---+
        !
  B <---+-------------+
                       \
                        +---!                22k
                            !---------------/\/\/------------> 3
                        +<!-!
                       /
  A <-----------------+--------------------------------+-----> 7
                                                       !
                                                       +-----> 4
                                                       !
                                                       +-----> 1


  If you are having problems with this circuit as it stands, you may wish
  to modify it in this way to reverse the clock signal:

  Disconnect the emitter and collector on the middle transistor of the
  diagram (the one that goes to the H line on the computer side)
  Connect the collector to pin 2 on the 24 pin edge connector (the 5v Vcc
  line), connect the emitter to pin H on the same connector, then connect a
  1k ohm resistor to the same pin H and the other end of the resistor to pin N
  or A.


  12.5.  How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?

+ A new programming technique makes it possible to acheive 9600 bps on an
+ unexpected Commodore 64 without the use of a Swiftlink cartridge.
+ Daniel Dallmann of Germany is the originator of this technique and is
+ currently writing modem drivers for some of the popular C64 terminal
  emulation programs to take advantage of this new technique.

+ The interface described below is a little more complex than the one
+ in Section 12.4, but has many advantages:

+ * The interface generates proper EIA232 (RS-232) voltage levels.
+   The one in Section 12.4 relies on the ability of most newer RS232
+   equipment to handle lower voltages.

+ * The following interface can be used as a direct replacement for the
+   interface in Section 12.4, and will work will all existing
+   telecommunications programs at up to 2400 bps, while providing the
+   necessary interfacing to allow suitably equipped applications to
+   operate at up to 9600 bps.

+ * if you currently own a normal RS232 interface, that interface can be
+   modified to incorporate the new interfacing for 9600 bps operation.
+   (in some cases one line of the old interface has to be disconnected,
+    see note **1 )

+ 9600 bps is the maximum limit this type of technique due to the timing
+ limitations of the C64.  The delay between the activation of the NMI-handler
+ and the falling edge of rxd is too long.  The handler must be called in
+ less than 100 cycles.  That's no problem at 9600 bps, but for 19200 baud
+ (the next higher baud rate), you have only 50 cycles, and that's impossoble
+ (because of VIC-DMA ).  On a C128 in fast mode 38400 baud may be possible,
+ but I don't have a C128, so someone else has to try it out.


+             Schematic of a very simple RS232-Interface:


+   userport                       MAX232         rs232   9pin  25pin
+                               +----------+
+                               !          !
+ (C)    pb0--+                 !          !
+             !                 !    /!    !
+ (B)  flag2--*--------------------O< !---------  rxd     2      3
+             !                9!    \!    !8
+ *7*    sp2--+                 !          !
+                               !          !
+ *6*   cnt2--+                 !          !
+             !                 !          !
+ *L*    pb7--+ <NOTE **1!>     !          !
+                               !  !\      !
+ (M)    pa2--*--------------------! >O---------  txd     3      2
+             !               11!  !/      !14
+ *5*    sp1--+                 !          !
+                 74ls00        !          !
+                 +-----+       !          !
+                 !     !       !  !\      !
+ (D)    pb1-*------>O-------------! >O---------  rts     7      4
+            !   1!     !3    10!  !/      !7
+            +----!     !       !          !
+                2!     !       !    /!    !
+ (K)    pb6--------O<-----*-------O< !---------  cts     8      5
+                6!     !4 !  11!    \!    !13
+                 !     !--+    !          !
+ (1)    gnd------!     !5      !          !---   gnd     5      7
+                7!     !       !          !15
+ (2)    +5V------!     !       !          !     (dsr     6      6)
+               14+-----+       !          !
+                               !          !     (dcd     1      8)
+                               !          !
+                               !          !     (dtr     4     20)
+                       ! !+    !          !
+ (1)    gnd------------! !-----!          !     (ri      9     22)
+                       ! !    2!          !
+                               !          !
+                      +! !     !          !
+ (1)    gnd------------! !-----!          !
+                       ! !    6!          !
+                               !          !
+                       ! !+    !          !
+                     +-! !-----!          !
+                     ! ! !    1!          !
+                     !         !          !
+                     +---------!          !
+                              3!          !
+                       ! !+    !          !
+                     +-! !-----!          !
+                     ! ! !    4!          !
+                     !         !          !
+                     +---------!          !
+                              5!          !
+                               !          !
+ (1)    gnd--------------------!          !
+                             15!          !
+                               !          !
+ (2)    +5V--------------------!          !
+                             16+----------+

+ (x) - connections required for a normal RS232-Interface.
+ *x* - additional connections to go up to 9600 baud.

+ remark: The MAX232 needs 4 capacitors (22uF each)
+         to generate +/- 10volts signals.

+ notes :

+    **1 Some other interfaces use this pin.  In that case you have to cut
+        the connection and change it to new way.  PB7 is normally used to
+        receive the DSR (Data Set Ready) signal from the modem, but this
+        signal isn't supported by all terminal programs.  Because of the new
+        wiring DSR will seem to be active to all 'old' programs, so that
+        there won't be any troubles.


+    Top view of the used ICs:

+         74 LS 00                    MAX232
+         +------+                   +------+
+    inA -!1 \/14!- vcc       +cap1 -!1 \/16!- Vcc
+    inA -!      !-  inC      +cap2 -!      !- GND
+   outA -!      !-  inC      -cap1 -!      !- RS232/txd
+    inB -!      !- outC      +cap3 -!      !- RS232/cts
+    inB -!      !-  inD      -cap3 -!      !- TTL/^cts
+   outB -!      !-  inD      -cap4 -!      !- TTL/txd
+    gnd -!7    8!- outD  RS232/rts -!      !- TTL/^rts
+         +------+        RS232/rxd -!8    9!- TTL/rxd
+                                    +------+
+         4 X NAND
+                                    2 X RS232 transmitter
+                                    2 X RS232 receiver

+       user port (view on C64s backside)

+      1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12   (top)
+     ------------------------------------
+      A  B  C  D  E  F  H  J  K  L  M  N   (bottom)

+         1 - GND       A - GND
+         2 - +5V       B - ^flag2
+         3 - ^reset    C - pb0
+         4 - cnt1      D - pb1
+         5 - sp1       E - pb2
+         6 - cnt2      F - pb3
+         7 - sp2       H - pb4
+         8 - ^pc2      J - pb5
+         9 - atn in    K - pb6
+         10- 9V AC     L - pb7
+         11- 9V AC     M - pa2
+         12- GND       N - GND


  13.  Enhancements

  If you like to tinker with your Commodore to get the best possible
  performance out of it, these suggestions and products may help you
  in your quest.


  13.1.  How do I increase my disk drive's transfer speed?

  Since the introduction of the Commodore VIC-20 and the slow serial bus,
  Commodore owners have been plagued by slow disk access.  There are two
  ways to allevaiet this problem, fastloaders and ROM replacements.


  13.1.1.  What is a Fastloader?

  The Commodore 1541 drive and any drive attached to a VIC-20, C64, Plus 4,
  C116, or C16 suffer from very slow read and write times.  This is caused
  by Commodore's haste in "economizing" the IEEE-488 bus used in the PET
  series of Commodore computers into the serial bus.  The IEEE-488 bus
  transferred 8 bits of data at a time, and performed some synchronization
  steps, or handshaking, between bytes.  Commodore reduced the path to 1 bit
  but kept most of the original handshaking, most of which is redundant when
  transferring 1 bit at a time.  Early on, some developers noted that, since
  the 1541 drive was intelligent enough to execute a program loaded into its
  RAM, and the Commodore operating system calls to do disk I/O could be
  bypassed, they could write software that sped up the loading process by
  modifying or completely changing the protocol used on the serial bus.  This
  is the idea behind fastload cartridges like FastLoad, Mach 5, etc...


  13.1.2.  What is a ROM replacement?

  As programs became more complex, some programs would not operate with
  this approach.  Thus, the developers then rewrote parts of the Commodore
  operating system on both the computer and the disk drive, and replaced the
  parts of them that did disk I/O with new pieces of code.  This is the idea
  behind JiffyDos and others.

  The basic idea in speeding up the disk drive is to use more than 1 line
  to transfer data, effectively doubling the transfer speed.  Then, reduce
  synchronization requirements in the protocol to a bare minimum, as
  synchronizing time is time not being used to do transfers.

  The fastload cartridges are handicapped somewhat by the need to transfer
  the portion of the program that runs in the disk drive to the drive using
  the slow speed evry time the drive is used.  This can be alleviated
  somewhat, but the replacement operating system replacement products like
  JiffyDos win the race since they do not need to load code into the drive,
  as it is already there.


  13.1.3.  What are the disadvantages to using a drive enhancement?

  The products are not 100% compatible, as they sacrifice reliability for
  speed somewhat.  That means that a program that does not load due to an
  error while using a fastload product will probably load without the
  fastloading enabled.  Also, some programs can not handle the change in
  loading or reading speed, so these enhancements yield about 90%
  compatibility.


  13.1.4.  What other things can I do to speed up the drive?

  You can also increase the speed of disk drive operation by organizing
  consecutive parts of a file on disk to fall a certain number of disk
  sectors apart.  This is called the interleave or interleaving factor.
  Normally, a 1541 disk drive space consecutive parts of a file 10 sectors
  apart, but you can change that a little to minimize the time needed to find
  consecutive parts of a file.

  Also, the C128 in 128 mode hooked up to a 1571 or 1581 has a built-in
  fastloading scheme called burst loading.  Therefore, if you are in 128 mode
  and hooked up to a 1581 or a 1571, you already have this feature.  However,
  the 128 in 64 mode reverts back to the old slow serial routines, and the 128
  in any mode using a 1541 cannot use the burst load routines.


  13.2.  How do I expand my disk drive's capacity?

  CMD sells hard drives for the Commodore 64 and 128.  They range in sizes
  from 50 Megabytes to 200 Megabytes.

  You can also expand your disk drives on board RAM capacity, and use that extr
a
  memory for better archiving performance.

  Software Support International sells the 1541 RAMBoard, which will increase
  you 1541's memory.  SSI used to market a similar board for the 1571, but they
  have depleted stock and no longer carry it.

  If you have access to an IBM of some kind (preferrably with a hard drive),
  you can use a product called 64NET to hook the drive up to the Commodore.
  64NET consists of a cable which connects the CBM User Port and the IBM
  Parallel Port together, and a program that runs on both machines.  The
  program on the IBM is a standard application, but the CBM part is a wedge,
  so it should integrate seamlessly with some programs.  There is now just
  one copy of the product.  Registered users simply receive a 64NET.KEY
  file that enables SAVING.  There is a student discount of AUS$40.00.

  The product is at version 1.68.03 BETA and has full OPEN/CLOSE/READ/READST
  support, can support 4 gigabyte IBM partitions, and have a built-in
  off-board monitor which includes some dos wedge functions. The
  IBM programs have link-based helpsystems and will run on any IBM
  machine.  The registered version allows saving of files, wheras the PD
  version does not.

  The registered BETA version is available (with upgrade to final version
  free) for AUS$50.00, while the unregistered version is free.  These
  prices do not include the cable that is required for operation.  The cable,
  program, and more information can be received from Paul Gardner-Stephen at
  gardners@ist.flinders.edu.au.  Also, the system can be ordered from:

  In Europe:

  Performance Peripherals Europe
  Germany
  +49 2227 3221

  Michael Renz
  +49 2227 3221

  And in Australia from:

  Russell Alphey
  +61 3 4278558 (A/H
  r.alphey@dce.vic.gov.au

  Paul Gardner-Stephen
  +61 8 277 7479 (A/H)

  The C128 version is close to completion, as is a version for the C65.


  13.3.  How do I expand my computer's RAM capacity?

  13.3.1.  What is a Ram Expansion Unit?

  The original form of RAM expansion available to the C64 and C128 were the
  Commodore REUs (Ram Expansion Units).  These REUs plug into the cartridge
  port, and provide 128K (the C=1700), 256K (the C=1764), or 512K (the C=1750)
  of additional RAM.

  This RAM is not true system RAM however; simply adding a 512K REU to your
  system does NOT mean that your word processor will suddenly be able to edit
  512K larger documents.  A REU will only be used by a program that was
  written to take advantage of an REU.  As a caveat on this, you can use your
  REU as additional RAM for a RAMLink .

  An REU can be used as a Commodore Disk Drive by running the program
  RAMDOS.  This will allow users to save and load files from the REU.

  If you are using CP/M, the REU can be configured to act like a disk drive
  under CP/M.

  Although the C=1764 was originally advertised for the C64, and the 1700 and
  1750 for the C128, any of the three RAM expanders will work with either the
  C64 or the C128.  Note that if you want to use any of them on the C64, you
  need a heavy duty power supply.  The 1764 comes with such a power supply.

  There are hardware hacks that will expand a 1700 or a 1764 to 512K;
  additionally, a 512K REU can be expanded to 1 Meg or more.  The plans are
  at ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/hardware.  While it appears completely
  safe to upgrade your REU to 1 Meg, there have been some reports of problems
  with REU's upgraded to 2 Megs.  Sometimes the REU will work fine for a while,
  then fail.  If you are upgrading your REU, it would probably be wise to stop
  at 1 Meg.  If you are still memory hungry, consider a CMD RAMLink.

  If you don't wish to do it yourself, there are people who will do it for
  you, for a fee.  The following individual will do RAM expansions on the
  17xx series. He Has lots of experience doing these modifications. His
  current quoted price for expanding a 1750 from 512k to 1 meg is $60. Call
  for the latest prices.  In addition he can do repairs on the RAM.

  Raymond Day
  9601 Morton Taylor Road
  Belleville, MI 48111-1328
  r.day@genie.geis.com (Contact)
  (313) 699-6727

  On a similar note, Software Support International sells a device called
  the 1750 clone, which functions just like a 1750.  It is not as expandable
  as the real 1750, but can be used where a 1750 is recommended or required.

  13.3.2.  What is a geoRAM Unit?

  When Commodore REUs became hard to find several years back, Berkeley
  Softworks introduced geoRAM, which is a 512K RAM expander.  This RAM
  expander gives you all of the advantages of a 1750 with GEOS.  However, it is
  not 1750 compatible, so it will not work like a 1750 outside of GEOS; it is
  transparent to other programs.  (As a caveat on this, see the info on
  RAMLink)).  DesTerm128 2.0 will not work with a geoRAM plugged in.  A
  special version of GEOS 2.0 (which is bundled with geoRAM) is necessary to
  use geoRAM.  No additional power supply is necessary to use geoRAM.  The
  geoRAM can be upgraded to 2MB also.  Contact Jens-Michael Gross at
  grossibr@buran.fb10.tu-berlin.de for information on upgrading the geoRAM.

  The geoRAM can be used without GEOS if it is installed in a RAMDrive or
  RAMLink.  See Section 13.3.4 for information.

  13.3.3.  What is battery backed GeoRAM (BBGRam)?

  Battery Backed GeoRam is a products marketed by Performance Peripherals
  International, and distributed by both them and other retailers, like
  LynnCarthy Industries, Incorporated.  The unit is actually a geoRAM
  clone, but has battery backup included within the unit.  The unit can be
  ordered in the following configurations:

  512kBytes     $92.97US
  1MBytes      $123.97US
  2MBytes      $165.97US

  13.3.4.  What is a RAMLink?

  RAMLink (RL) is a RAM expansion devices from CMD.  The RAM in these devices
  can be partitioned into native mode partitions (with dynamically allocated
  subdirectories), or 1541, 1571, or 1581 emulating partitions.  Thanks to the
  15x1 emulating partitions, software does not have to be specifically written
  to run with a RL. The RL devices should appear as a disk drive to most
  programs.  One notable exception is DesTerm v2.00, which does not work
  with the RL.  There are few other exceptions, and no major commercial
  program has a problem running with an RL .  The deciding factor seems to be
  whether or not the program uses a drive's internal ram.  The RL does not
  'mimic' having this type of internal drive ram, and if a program relies
  upon this it will not run.  The heavily copy protected Digital Solutions'
  programs use this drive ram for its burst loading routines.  So, even
  though a Maverick/RamBoard combination will write a copy of it to the RL,
  it will fail to boot.  However, these programs, once booted from a 1571,
  will use and access all of RL's many functions for lightening fast loads
  and saves.

  RL has ts own power sources, separate from the computer.  When you turn
  off the computer, the power to the RL is left on, leaving its contents
  intact.  This power supply always remains on.  (For safety from power
  outages, battery backups are also available.)

  RAMLink is a powerful, large device.  It can be configured from 0 to
  up to 16 Megs of RAM, using industry standard 1x8 (100ns) 1 Meg and 4 Meg
  SIMMs.(1x9, and faster Simms can be used.)  The RL is constructed so that
  the user may easily add additional SIMMs at any time.

  RAMLink has a port into which you can plug a Commodore REU or a geoRAM.
  You can configure RAMLink to either leave this RAM device alone, or to use
  the REU/geoRAM's RAM just as if it were part of the RAMLink's RAM.  A
  RAMLink also has a pass-through port, in which you can plug a normal
  C64/C128 cartridge, and a parallel port for a CMD hard drive.  The latter
  greatly improves the transfer speed of data between your computer and the
  hard drive.

  If you have a geoRAM, the geoRAM can be plugged into the RL .  the
  geoRAM then acts as an extra piece of ram-based disk storage.

  The RL comes with a very well documented, thorough, and easily
  referenced User Manual.  Contact CMD for more details.

  Nhat-Viet Phi is compiling a list of RAMLink and RAMDrive owners around the
  world.  The resulting list comprises the RAMLink User's Group (RUG), and
  those individuals are called "RUG-Bees".  Email nhatviet@nucleus.com for
  more information or inclusion in the group.


  13.3.5.  What is a RAMDrive?

  The RAMDrive is similar in function to the RAMLink sold by CMD (see
  Section 13.3.4).  The main differences are the smaller amount of memory
  (1-4 MB) and the smaller size.

  At one time, the RAMDrive was sold by CMD, but is no longer available
  through them However, Performance Peripherals, Inc. still sell the
  RAMDrive unit.


  13.3.6.  How do I expand my C128 Video RAM?

  The original, "flat" C128's came with an 80 column display that had it's own
  display RAM that was separate from the system memory of the computer.  This
  "VDC RAM" was 16K in size.  After Commodore introduced the C128D, they
  changed the design and marketed some versions of the Commodore 128D with
  64K of VDC RAM.  Since them, some programs (e.g. I-Paint, Dialogue128)
  have come out that either need or support 64K of VDC RAM.  Owners of flat
  128's can upgrade their video RAM to 64K either by ordering an upgrade
  plug-in board(e.g. from Software Support International), or by replacing the
  RAM chips themselves.  All that needs to be done is, the two 4416 RAM chips
  next to the VDC chip need to be replaced with 4464 RAM chips.  Note,
  however, that since this involves soldering in tight quarters on your 128's
  motherboard, it is very easy to damage the motherboard or the nearby VDC
  chip.  Whenever you wish to use the extra RAM, be sure to set bit 4 in the
  VDC register 28 (0 = 16kB, 1 = 64kB).


  13.3.7.  How do I expand my C64 internally?

  THE TRANSACTOR magazine published two articles written by Paul Bosacki on
  expanding the Commodore 64.  The first article (in Transactor 9.2) described
  how to expand the 64 to 256kB by swapping RAM chips and contained switches
  to perform some special options.  The second (in Transactor 9.6) describes
  how to expand the Commodore 64 to 1MB, using a 512kB REU and 512kB on the
  motherboard.  In additiopn, this expansion needs no switches to enable
  options, which is an enhancement to the first article.

  The Nordic/Finnish MicroBITTI magazine published a two part article by Pekka
  Pessi on expanding the Commodore 64.  Pessi's design (in MicroBITTI Issues
  1 and 2 for 1987) split the C64 memory map into 4 16kB pages, which could be
  each mapped to any 16kB page in 256kB of memory.  It uses the same approach
  of swapping the 64kB DRAMs for 256kB ones, but does the addressing somewhat
  differently.

  In 1993, Marko Makela, with help from Pekka Pessi, translated Pessi's
  article into English and made it available via the Internet.  It is now
  available from nic.funet.fi in the directory /pub/cbm/documents/256kB.


  13.3.8.  How do I expand my C128 internally?

  Marko Makela has written an article on how to expand the C128 and C128D's
  memory up to 1024kB.  It is compatible with his earlier article on expanding
  the C64 to 256kB, so programs written for the expanded 64 should run on the
  expanded 128 in 64 mode.  The plan and schematic is available via ftp
  from nic.funet.fi in directory /pub/cbm/documents/1028.

  The C-256 and C-512

  Twin Cities 128  issues #30 and #31 have a hardware scheme for expanding
  your 128 to 256K or 512K.  To people who understand banking on the 128, the
  256K modification adds RAM blocks 2 and 3 to your system.  The 512K
  modification adds four more RAM blocks that can be accessed as alternate RAM
  blocks 2 and 3, or as a completely separate set of RAM blocks 0-3.

  As with Commodore REUs, software must specifically support the expanded RAM.
  Since these modifications are relatively new, there is not much software out
  yet that supports the additional RAM.  However, ACE 128 does support this
  expansion without any special drivers.

  The hardware modification, while simple from software's point of view, is
  rather difficult to perform in hardware.  Richard Curcio, the designer of
  the memory modifications, can modify your 128 for you.  See Twin Cities 128
  issue #31 for more information.


  13.4.  How do I increase my computer's speed?

  There are a number of products that can increase the operating speed of
  the Commodore 64.  These products work by turning off the on-board 6510
  and turning on a compatible microprocessor, usually a 65C02 or a 65C816
  in 6502 emulation mode.  These products will work with any software that
  does not mind running up to 4 times faster and does not use any of the
  undocumented opcodes of the 6502 IC.

  Also, for a quick way to gain a small speed increase, please see Section
  17.2.


  13.4.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's speed?

  Please note that some of these products are no longer offered for sale
  by the original companies, but can be purchased from individuals as used
  equipment.

  Turbo Master Accelerator for C64.

  The Turbo Master Accelerator is for a C64 (or C64 mode of C128) only, uses
  a Rockwell R65C02P4 microprocessor clocked at 4.09 MHz, has its own 64K of
  fast static RAM and a 32K EPROM, has hardware/software switchable speed
  between 4.09 and normal, and has an enhanced ROM with faster disk routines
  that can also be disabled.  A JiffyDOS compatibility option was available.

  Turbo Process Accelerator for the C64.

  This accelerator, made by Rossm"oller, uses a 65C816P-4 microprocessor
  to operate the 64 at three speeds: 1MHz, 4 MHz, or anything between 50kHz
  and 4 MHz.  The 65C816 is a 16 bit version of the 6502/6510, so it is
  possible to write software for the new IC that takes advantage of the 16
  bit opcodes.

  Flash 8

  This accelerator, the only one being currently produced, is also the
  fastest such accelerator for the Commodore 64 to date.  The module,
  which plugs into the expansion port of the Commodore 64, increases
  the CPU processing speed from 1MHz to 8MHz.  It uses a 65816 CPU
  (The 65816 is a descendant of the 65XX series) running at 8MHz to enable
  the increased speed.  Also, it can be optional expanded to 4 or 8 MB RAM
  onboad.  This product is the successor to the Rossmoeller TurboAccess 4MHz
  accelerator card.  The unit has the capability to provide 10x speed disk
  access via a parallel cable and has a CP/M option.

  GEOS compatible requires the special patches that are available from the
  manufacturer, and games or demos which do very intensive timing or raster
  effects might not fucntion correctly.  At present, the accelerator only
  works on PAL 64s of certain revisions and will not function on a C128 in
  64 mode.  Currenlty, the REU is not supported.

  From the advertisement:

    "FLASH 8 is a GEOS-compatible module for the expansion port with a 65816
     CPU that speeds the C64 to 8Mhz by highest compatibility with existing
     software.  Additionally to the original Commodore Kernal a JiffyDos
     kernal is available. You can choose between two different kernals via
     DIP-switch.  Flash 8 comes either with 256 Kbyte or 1 Mbyte RAM onboard.

     A CP/M-emulator for running Z80-CP/M-Software, a macro-library and
     assembler for the 65816 in native-mode are included."

  The prices are:

  349 DM (~$245.00 US) for the unit with 256kB RAM.
  449 DM (~$315.00 US) for the unit with 1MB RAM.

  It is being manufactured and sold by Discount 2000 and Performance
  Peripherals, Inc.


  13.4.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's speed?

  The ZIP card for your C128.

  This accelerator was not produced.  Its development has been stopped due
  to miscellaneous problems.  There are no accelerators for the 128 or 128D
  at this time.


  13.4.3.  Can I speed up other Commodore computers?

  Although it is possoble to accelerate just about any Commodore machine,
  no commercial products exist to speed up other Commodore computers.


  13.5.  How do I increase my computer screen's resolution?

  Although the Commodore computers once reigned in terms or screen
  rsolution and number of colors available, newer machines have surpassed
  it in both areas.  Depending on whether you want more characters on the
  screen or more colors at one time, these products might help.


  13.5.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's screen resolution?

  Since the Commodore 64's VIC-II cannot be expanded, the only way to increase
  the resolution of the Commodore 64 is to turn off the on-board video and
  replace its output with one from another IC.  The simplist approach
  involves attaching an 80 column video chip (6545, 6845, etc.) to the C64
  via the expansion port.  This will provide 80 columns of monochrome text.
  However, this is only useful for text applications, as most of these video
  devices are not capable of doing high resolution graphics.  Also, none of
  the following are currently produced, but many are sold as used equipment
  by users.

  Batteries Included BI-80

  This unit combined an 80 column monochrome text video display (using the
  6545 IC) and BASIC 4.0.  Either options could be turned on or off via
  software control.

  DATA 20 80 column unit

  This unit preceded the BI80 unit, and was produced from 1982-1984.

  Protecto Enterprizes Protecto-80

  This was basically a repackaged DATA-20 unit.  Some circuitry was changed
  to permit price reduction, but the same functionality is there.


  13.5.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's screen resolution?

  The Commodore 128 comes equipped with an second video display controller
  in addition to the 40 column VIC chip.  This chip can be used while in
  64 mode through clever programming, and the controller's standard 640*200
  pixel size can be expanded to 640*400.  However, there is no way to
  completely overcome the color limitation of 16 colors


  13.6.  How do I increase my computer's serial transfer speed?

  If you wish to operate serial devices at speeds faster than what the
  internal software emulated UART can handle, you will need to purchase
  a UART interface.  There are a couple of different kinds, and each has
  its advantages.

  To use these hardware UARTs, the appliaction must be written to take
  advantage of the device.

  SwiftLink

  the SwiftLink cartridge is manufactured by CMD and allows speeds up to
  38.4 Kbps.  This device contains a 6551 UART and plugs into your cartridge
  port and supplies you with a standard 9-pin serial port.  You then connect
  the desired modem.  Dialogue128, Novaterm64, and Kermit(v2.2s) support
  the SwiftLink.

  HART Cartridge

  The HART cartridge is a device similar to the Swiftlink in size.  However,
  the HART unit conatins an 8255 UART IC and can handle speeds up to 57.6Kbps.
  The unit is manufactured by Hatronics.

  DataPump

  DataPump is a set of plans used to build a device that functions just like
  a Swiftlink.  The plans are available at many FTP sites.


  13.7.  How do I increase my computer's sound quality?

  SID Symphony

  The C64 and C128 come equipped with 1 Sound Interface Device (SID) IC.
  This provides 3 channels of output.  For more channels, one can purchase the
  SID Symphony cartridge from CMD to provide 3 extra channels.  Most newer
  sound playing and editing software is able to use the extra channels.

  There are also a number of units one can purchase or build that will
  provide MIDI capabilities for Commodore 64 and 128 users.


  13.8.  What other ways can I expand my Commodore computer?

  There are many hardware items that you can use.  Below is a list of a few of
  them.  Note that some of these items may no longer be in production, and
  thus are only available as used equipment.

  80-Line Simplified Digital I/O Board

  This unit has 40 TTL input lines and 40 separate buffered digital output
  lines plus an expansion socket that could support a standard ROM or clock/
  calendar cartridge.  It works on the C64 and all modes of the C128
  (including CP/M mode).  Its model number is the SS100 Plus.

  "Original Ultimate Interface"

  This is a universally applicable dual 6522 Versatile Interface Adapter board
  with four 8-bit fully bidirectional I/O ports, eight handshake lines, and fou
r
  16-bit timer/counters.  It has IRQ interrupt capability and is expandable
  to four boards.  It works on the C64 and all modes of the C128 (including
  CP/M mode).  Its model number is the 641F22.

  A/D Conversion Module

  This unit is 16 channel, 8-bit, 100 microsecond conversion time.
  Piggy-backs on the 641F22 and thus requires it to operate.  Works on the
  C64 and all modes of the C128 (including CP/M mode).  Its model number is
  641F/ADC0816.

  The Spartan Apple ][+ emulator for the C64, by Mimic Systems, Inc.

  In addition to allowing the use of Apple ][+ hardware/software, this
  device boasted four software selectable C64 cartridge slots, a non-
  dedicated 8-bit parallel port, and standard audio cassette deck
  capabilities for the C64.

  ROM upgrades are available for the C-128 and the 1571.

  C64 Games Port Expander  (Model #8401) 40/80 column converter.

  Switchable, it has 4 independent cartridge sockets plus a 5th switch
  position accessing an 80 col. character set ROM - (limited usability
  because it *apparently* accesses a C64 Ram location which interferes
  with a lot of stuff, I forget where or how) - and a 6th switch position
  independent of the cartridge port for general use stuff.

  It was built into a neat steel housing designed to sit flat on the desktop
  and slide into the cartridge port at exactly the right height.



Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.0 Part 4/4
Summary: This posting contains answers to questions that commonly surface in
         comp.sys.cbm.  This posting will tell you enough to get your
         computer connected to a network, fixed, and/or enhanced.  This file
         should be read by new users of comp.sys.cbm before posting to the
         group.  It should also be proofread by users who are currently
         active in comp.sys.cbm.
Keywords: CBM FAQ Help List C64 C128 VIC Modem
Followup-To: comp.sys.cbm
Organization: Brain Innovations, Inc.
Reply-To: brain@mail.msen.com
Message-ID: <cbmmainfaq40895@msen.com>
Supersedes: <cbmmainfaq40795@msen.com>
Expires: 05 Sep 1995
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.0.p4
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part4
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part4
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part4
Version: 3.0
Last-modified: 1995/08/04


  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

  14.  Programming
  14.1.  What Programming Languages are available?
  14.2.  What is a Cross Assembler?  How do I use one?

  15.  User Groups

  16.  Sales and Service
  16.1.  Where do I purchase Commodore Equipment and Software?
  16.2.  Where do I get equipment serviced?
  16.3.  How do I know who to buy from or request service from?

  17. Miscellaneous
  17.1.  How fast does a Commodore 64 run?
  17.2.  How can a turn my NTSC-M 64 into a PAL-B 64 or vice versa?
  17.3.  What does this IC number mean?

  18. Credits

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


  14.  Programming


  14.1.  What Programming Languages are available?

  You name it, and it is probably available for the Commodore computer
  system.  The following languages are known to be supported on the CBM
  platform at this time:

  BASIC
  C
  COBOL
  COMAL
  FORTH
  LISP
  PASCAL


  14.2.  What is a Cross Assembler?  How do I use one?

  A cross assembler is a program that runs on one computer and generates
  code for another computer.  Usually, a non 8-bit CBM machine generates
  the code using this program, but it can be another 64 hooked in some way
  to a "target" 64.  Whatever the case, here are some packages that can be
  used:

  as6502          linking 6502 cross assembler
  masm6502        6502 macro cross-assembler
  ps65a12         Unix format 6502 cross assembler
  svasm02         6502 cross assembler
  xasm220         many-targeted cross assemblers


  15.  User Groups

  User's Groups fulfill a major function for Commodore owners.  They provide
  a place to meet other users, discuss problems and solutions for computing,
  teach and learn information about their machines.  Software can be shared
  and friendships are made.  THe Commodore community is made up largely by
  real or virtual user's groups.

  The following list details the addresses and names of Commodore
  User's Groups around the world.  Commodore owners are encouraged to
  join one that is close in order to reap the benefits from group membership.
  In addition, most groups publish newlsetters filled with topical
  information.  However, these are not the only places to find Commodore
  owners.  See Sections 7 and 8 for information on visiting Commodore
  owners "online"

  (Note: is anyone currently compiling these?  If so, I can point to
  your information rather than present it here.)

  Alabama, USA

  Birmingham Commodore Club
  P.O. Box 59564
  Birmingham, AL  35259-9564

  The Computer Nut
  2400 Mountain Drive
  (Shades Mountain Plaza)
  Birmingham, AL  35226

  H.A.C.K.S.
  P.O. Box 14356
  Huntsville, AL  35815

  Alaska, USA

  Anchorage Commodore Users Group
  P.O. Box 104615
  Anchorage, AK  99510-4615

  Sitka Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 2204
  Sitka, AK  99835

  Arizona, USA

  Arizona Commodore User's Group (Input/Output)
  P.O. Box 27201
  Tempe, AZ  85285-7201
  One of the best newsletters around.

  Busy Bee User Group
  2634 East Malvern Street
  Tucson, AZ  85716

  Catalina Commodore Computer Club, Inc.
  P.O. Box 32548
  Tucson, AZ  85751-2548

  Arkansas, USA

  Arkansas Commodore Enthusiasts (ACE)
  2026 B Nichols Road
  Little Rock, AR  72205
  (501) 224-9657 (Bulletin Board System)

  Northwest Arkansas Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 2925
  Fayetteville, AR  72702-2925

  California, USA

  64/MORE
  P.O. Box 612794
  San Jose, CA  95161-2794

  C-128 West User's Group
  17047 Devanah Street
  Covina, CA  91722

  C=Humboldt User Group
  P.O. Box 6502
  Eureka, CA  95502

  CIVIC 64/128
  P.O. Box 2442
  Oxnard, CA  93034-2442
  (805) 382-1125 (Bulletin Board System)

  CHLB
  P.O. Box 7293
  Long Beach, CA  90805

  CWEST
  3462B 17th Street
  San Francisco, CA  94110

+ VCC
+ P.O. Box 310
+ Denair, CA  95316
+ Oldest continually active computer club in California.

  Central Coast Commodore User's Group
  3896 Berwyn Drive
  Santa Maria,  CA  93455

  Classic 64 Preservation Society
  660 Walton Drive
  Red Bluff, CA  96080

  Club 64
  P.O. Box 514
  Patton, CA  92369

  Commodore 64 West User's Group
  2306 West 180th Street
  Torrance, CA  90504

  Commodore Hayward User's Group
  c/o Vernon Viani
  4586 Glenn Street
  Freemont, CA  94536

  Commodore Technical User's Group
  2231 East Trenton Avenue
  Orange, CA  92667

  Diablo Valley Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 27155
  Concord, CA  94527

  The Fresno Sixty-Fourum
  P.O. Box 16098
  Fresno, CA  93755

  FUNHUG
  814 Valley Run
  Hercules, CA  94547-1440
  BBS Number: (510) 713-7944

  Hub Area Commodore Club
  7127 Arrowhead Trail
  Browns Valley, CA  95918-9630

  Lake County Computer Users
  7827 Evergreen Drive
  Kelseyville, CA  95451

  Orange County Commodore Club
  c/o 439-102 Fair Drive
  Costa Mesa, CA  92626

  Sacremento Commodore Computer Club
  P.O. Box 13393
  Sacramento, CA  95813-3393

  South Bay Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 1176
  Redondo Beach, CA  90278

  Southeast San Diego C-64 User's Group
  258 Euclid Avenue #B
  San Diego, CA  92114-3640

  Southern California Commodore User's Group
  2059 Cedar Avenue #11
  Long Beach, CA  90806-4616

  Stockton Commodore User Group
  714 East Oak Street
  Stockton, CA  95202-2229

  S.U.C.C.E.S.S.
  110 Grace Drive
  Pasa Robles, CA  93446

  Valley Computer Club
  P.O. Box 310
  Denair, CA  95316

  Colorado, USA

  Colorado Commodore Computer Club
  1192 South Nome Street
  Aurora, CO  80012
  (303) 751-3247
  Ron Snyder (Contact)

  FC C3
  1713 Valley Forge Avenue
  Fort Collins, CO  80526

  Front Range Commodore Club
  P.O. Box 272
  Niwot, CO  80544-0272

  Western Slope Commodore User Group
  P.O. Box 81
  Mack, CO  81525

  Connecticut, USA

  Capitol Region Commodore Computer Club/LOAD CRCCC
  P.O. Box 2372
  Vernon, CT  06066

  Fairfield Country Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box  212
  Danbury, CT  06813

  Delaware, USA

  First State Commodore Club
  P.O. Box 1313
  Dover, DE  19903

  Florida, USA

  Beach Computers
  Highway A1A
  Satellite Beach, FL

  The Clearwater Commodore Club, Inc.
  P.O. Box 11211
  Clearwater, FL  34616

  Commodore Computer Club of Jacksonville
  141 Mango Court
  Middleburg, FL  32068

  Commodore User's Group of South West Florida
  P.O. Box 7692
  Fort Meyers, FL  33911

  Commodore User's Group of Venice
  P.O. Box 3325
  Venice, FL  34293

  El-Shift-Oh, Incorporated
  P.O. Box 361348
  Melbourne, FL  32936-1348

  Gainesville Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 90212
  Gainesville, FL  32607

  Manasota Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 698
  Oneco, FL  34264-6618

  M.I.C.E
  11110 Bird Road
  Miami, FL  33165-4417

  Port Orange Commodore User's Group
  52 Windward Court
  Port Orange, FL  32127

  Tampa Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 27141
  Tampa, FL  33688

  Sun Coast Commodore Club
  c/o 7034 Mayfield Drive
  Port Richey, FL  34668

  Lake/Sumter Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 490416
  Leesburg, FL  34748

  Georgia, USA

  SMUG
  P.O. Box 1762
  Lilburn, GA  30226

  Hawaii, USA

  Commodore Hawaii User's Group
  c/o M.N. Daniels
  46-329 Kumoo Loop
  Kaneohe, HI  96744-3532

  Illinois, USA

  Bloomington-Normal Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 1058
  Bloomington, IL  61702-1058

  Champaign-Urbana Commodore User's Group (CUCUG)
  2010 West William
  Champaign, IL  61821

  East Side Computer Club
  P.O. Box 276
  Godfrey, IL  62035-0276

  Fox Valley Computer User Group
  P.O. Box 28
  North Aurora, IL  60542-0028

  PAPUG
  2508 North Rockwood Drive
  Peoria, IL  61614

  Sandwich Computer User Group
  P.O. Box 23
  Sandwich, IL  60548-0023

  S.I.C.K.
  818 East Main Street
  Olney, IL  62450

  S.W.R.A.P./64 Incorporated
  P.O. Box 342
  Bedford Park, IL  60499-0342

  Indiana, USA

  CPU
  5168 East 65th Street
  Indianapolis, IN

  LUCKY LINE Magazine (LUCKY member Dale Sidebottom's own newsletter)
  c/o Dale Sidebottom
  P.O. Box 972
  New Albany, IN  47151-0972

  Midwest Computer User's Group
  P.O. Box 9311
  Highland, IN  46322

  Midwest Computer Users Group
  P.O. Box 9311
  Highland, IN  46322

  Iowa, USA

  Commodore User's Group, Ames Region
  P.O. Box 2302
  Ames, IA  50010-2302

  Commo-Hawk Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 2724
  Cedar Rapids, IA  52406-2724

  Kansas, USA

  TCCUG
  P.O. Box 8439
  Topeka, KS  66608

  Commodore Users of Wichita
  c/o Dale Lutes.
  1201 East 61st Street North
  Park City, KS  67219-1947
  (316) 744-2580
  Produces the Zero Page newsletter.

  Kentucky, USA

  C.O.O.K.Y
  3807 Krysta Lane
  Oboro, KY  43202

  Gold City Computer users Group
  P.O. Box 257
  Fort Knox, KY  40121

  Louisville Users of Commodore of Kentucky/The LUCKY Report
  P.O. Box 9551
  Louisville, KY  40209-0551
  BBS Number: (502) 933-5397

  Louisiana, USA

  Acadiana Commodore Computer Club
  416 Dale Street
  Lafayette, LA  70501

  New Orleans Commodore Klub-64/128
  P.O. Box 1997
  Metaire, LA  70004-1997

  Maryland, USA

  ABCUG
  P.O. Box 179
  Glen Burnie, MD  21060-0179

  A.C.U.G.
  P.O. Box 3358
  Annapolis, MD  21403

  GCUG
  11340 Rambling Road
  Gaithersburg, MD  20879

  PBUG
  417 West Phirne Road
  Glen Burnie, MD  21061

  Massachusetts, USA

  BCS Commodore User's Group
  c/o The Boston Computer Society
  101-A First Avenue, Suite 2
  Waltham, MA  02154
  Edward Piecewicz, Secretary (Contact)
  edward@cs.umb.edu (Information)
  A one year Associate membership for those outside Maine, Massachusetts,
  Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, ans New Hampshire, is $35.00 US. If
  inside, the cost is $39.00 US.  The membership includes the monthly
  magazine "BCS Magazine", which includes the Commodore newsletter.

  Commodore Computer Club of the Berkshires
  38 Walden lane
  Pittsfield, MA  01201

  Pioneer Valley Commodore Club
  6 Laurel Terrace
  Westfield, MA  01085

  Michigan, USA

  Computer Users of Lexington
  P.O. Box 482
  Lexington, MI  48450-0482

  Down River Commodore Group
  P.O. Box 1277
  Southgate, MI  48195

  Lansing Area Commodore Club
  LACC membership
  P.O. Box 1065
  East Lansing, MI  48826
  Membership dues are $15.00 US per year per family.  membership entitles you
  to receive the monthly newsletter and get PD software.

  Michigan Commodore User's Group
  800 Lloyd
  Madison Heights, MI  48071-1915

  Muskegon Area Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 4496
  Muskegon Heights, MI  49444

  Saginaw Area Commodore User's Group (SACUG)
  P.O. Box  2393
  Saginaw, MI  48605-2393

  Minnesota, USA

  MCUGA
  5027 Vera Cruz Avenue North
  Crystal, MN  55429

  RACUG
  920 Mayowood Road Southwest
  Rochester, MN  55902

  Mississippi, USA

  Arrowscape
  301 West Ray Drive
  Hattiesburg, MS  39402-1046

  Missouri, USA

  CUGOS
  P.O. Box 607
  Springfield, MO  65801

  CUGSL
  P.O. Box 837
  Bridgeton, MO  63044

  Commodore User's Group of Kansas City
  P.O. Box 36034
  Kansas City, MO  64111

  Computers North User's Group
  P.O. Box 34534
  North Kansas City, MO  64116

  MDC/RCC ComSIG
  P.O. Box 34088
  St. Louis, MO  63134

  Nebraska, USA

  Greater Omaha Commodore User Group
  P.O. Box 241155
  Omaha, NE  68124-1155

  New Jersey, USA

  C.E.B.U.G.
  P.O. Box 314
  East Brunswick, NJ  08816

  Info 64 User's Group
  c/o 186 Delmar Avenue
  Glen Rock, NJ  07452

  Rancocas Valley Users Group
  806 Windsor Drive
  Cinnaminson, NJ  08077-3717

  New Mexico, USA

  NMCUG: New Mexico Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 37127
  Albuquerque, NM
  DIMensions newsletter.

  New Dimensions
  P.O. Box 37127
  Albuquerque, NM  87176

  New York, USA

  TCCUG
  c/o Vestal Library
  Vestal, NY  13850

  Bronx User's Group
  P.O. Box 523
  Bronx, NY  10475

  Brentwood Commodore Computer Club
  c/o Brentwood Public Library
  2nd Avenue and 4th Street
  Brentwood, NY  11711

  COMBUG
  48A Old Lyme Avenue
  Williamsville, NY  14221

  Hudson Valley Commodore Club
  c/o G.T. Gallagher
  620 Plainfield Street
  Kingston, NY  12401

  Northern NY Commodore Home Users Group
  c/o 6 Garden Street
  Pottsdam, NY  13662

  Queens Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 129
  Queens, NY  11417

  Southtown User's Group
  West Seneca Road
  West Seneca, NY

  Tri-City Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 12742
  Albany, NY  12212

  Twin Tier Commodore Club
  512 Jefferson Street
  Elmira, NY  14904

  North Carolina

  ACUG
  P.O. Box 3095
  Burlington, NC  27215

  GOCUG
  13 East Bayshore Blvd.
  Jacksonville, NC 28540

  Ohio, USA

  Ashtabula County Commodore User's Group
  c/o 1034 Michigan Avenue
  Ashtabula, OH  44004

  Basic Bits Commodore Group
  P.O. Box 81886
  Cleveland, OH  44181-0886
  Jerry Swartz (Contact)
  Jerry_Swartz@clbbs.com (Internet Contact)
  Michael Kelley (Contect)
  Michael_Kelly@clbbs.com (Internet Contact)
  In operation since 1984, still very active in the Commodore arena.
  A great users group with a great newsletter.  $10.00 per year associate
  membership. $20.00 per year family membership.  Includes access to a
  large public domain library.

  Central Ohio Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 28229
  Columbus, OH  43228-0229

  Cincinnati Commodore Computer Club (CCCC)
  5575 Pleasant Hill Road
  Milford, OH  45150

  Commodore Club of Central Ohio
  P.O. Box 292392
  Columbus, OH  43229

  Commodore Computer Club of Toledo
  P.O. Box 13011
  Toledo, OH  43613

  Corning Glass Works User Group
  3708 Street Route 271 West
  Greenville, OH  45331

  Erie Bay Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 1461
  Sandusky, OH  44870

  Shelby Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 512
  Shelby, OH  44875

  South Toledo Commodore Computer Club (STCCC)
  P.O. Box 3167
  Toledo, OH  43607

  Oklahoma, USA

  Commodore Users of Bartlesville
  1920 Sante Fe
  Bartlesville, OK  74003

  Commodore Users Group of Lawton
  P.O. Box 3392
  Lawton, OK  73502

  The Register
  P.O. Box 52473
  Tulsa, OK  74152-0473

  Tulsa Area Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 52473
  Tulsa, OK  74152-0473

  Oregon, USA

  Commodore User's Association (CUA)
  P.O. Box 84
  Medford, OR  97524

  Coos Computer Club
  2175 Everett
  North Bend, OR  97459

  Crash 64
  P.O. Box 241
  Salem, OR  97308

  Lane County Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 11316
  Eugene, OR 97440

  Pennsylvania, USA

  LVCUG
  P.O. Box 2
  New Tripoli, PA  18066-0002

  Harrisburg Area Computer Club
  721 South 29th Street
  Harrisburg, PA  17111

  Lehigh Valley Commodore User's Group
  931 Lawrence Drive
  Emmaus, PA  18049

  Main Line Commodore User's Group
  1046 General Allen Lane
  West Chester, PA  19382

  Philadelphia Area Computer Society
  c/o LaSalle University
  Philadelphia, PA  19141

  Pittsburgh Commodore Group
  P.O. Box 16126
  Pittsburgh, PA  15242
  (412) 396-5483 (Bulletin Board System)
| WWW URL: http://monami.psc.edu/

  Scranton Commodore user's Group
  P.O. Box 244
  Scranton, PA  18501

  South Carolina, USA

  CCC of Columbia
  2800 Cliffside Drive
  Columbia, SC  29053

  River Rats User Group
  P.O. Box 1036
  Bath, SC  29816-6610

  South Dakota, USA

  Sioux Empire Commodore Club
  1932 South Menlo Avenue
  Sioux Falls, SD  57105-2717

  Tennessee, USA

  Memphis Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 34095
  Memphis, TN  38134

  Texas, USA

  CWSAT
  P.O. Box 380732
  San Antonio, TX  78280

  Abilene Cursor Control
  P.O. Box 6261
  Abilene, TX  79608

  Commodore Houston User's Group (CHUG)
  P.O. Box 441252
  Houston, TX  77244-1252
  ?SYNTAX newsletter

  Commodore Users of San Antonio Texas
  P.O. Box 380732
  San Antonio, TX  78280

  Harlingen Commodore User Group
  1900 Grace
  Harlingen, TX  78550

+ Metro C-64/128 Users
  (SIG of Metroplex Commodore Computer Group)
  6004 Cowden
  Fort Worth, TX  76135
  Mike Msessums (Contact)
  msessums@fastlane.net (Internet Contact)
+ WWW URL: http://www.fastlane.net/homepages/msessums/msessums.html#METRO
  See Metroplex Commodore Computer Club (MCCC) entry for membership info.

| Metroplex Commodore Computer Club
  P.O. Box 813
  Bedford, TX  76095
+ WWW URL: http://www.fastlane.net/homepages/msessums/msessums.html
+ Meeting are open to all.  Family memberships as $24 per year or $15 for
+ 6 months, and entitle member to monthly copies of MCCC News, PD Library
+ access, and DFW area merchant's discounts.  An additional $12 annual fee
+ provides access to the MCCC BBS.

  Muskegon Area Commodore User Group
  c/o 1522 Bitter Creek
  Garland, TX  75040

  North Dallas Commodore User's Group
  c/o 1522 Bitter Creek
  Garland, TX  75040
  Mike Neus (Contact)
  NEUS@timsg.csc.ti.com (Internet Contact)

  Utah, USA

  Mountain Computer Society
  3898 Cheryl Street
  Salt Lake City, UT  84119-4682

  Vermont, USA

  Champlain Valley Commodore User's Group
  6 Mayfair Street
  South Burlington, VT  05403

  Viginia, USA

  C64 Compendium
  P.O. Box 70
  Ringgold, VA  24586-0070

  MPCUG
  P.O. Box 391
  Gloucester, VA  23061

  PCUG
  P.O. Box 11293
  Newport News, VA  23601-9293

  PCUG
  P.O. Box 6561
  Portsmouth, VA,  23703

  Commodore Users of Lynchburg
  238 Twin Oak Drive
  Lynchburg, VA  24502

  Fredricksburg Commodore Club
  6803 Teal Court
  Spotsylvania, VA  22553

  North Viginia Commodore
  9206 Annhurst Street
  Fairfax, VA  22031-1902

  Peninsula Commodore User's Group
  c/o W.L. Philips
  P.O. Box 11293
  Newport News, VA  23601-9293

  Washington Area Commodore User's Group
  7728 Viceroy Street
  Springfield, VA  22151

  Vermont, USA

  Warren Kazakiewich
  P.O. Box 77
  West Wardsboro, VT  05368

  Washington, USA

  OPUG
  1415 South Cherry Street
  Port Angeles, WA  98362

  VCUG
  2807 Northeast 99th Street
  Vancouver, WA  98665

  Commodore Users of Puget Sound
  P.O. Box 1806
  Silverdale, WA  98383-1806

  Tri-City Commodore Computer Club (TC-Cubed)
  P.O. Box 224
  Richland, WA  99352-0224

  University of Washington Commodore User's Group
  P.O. Box 25878
  Seattle, WA  98125

  West Virginia, USA

  Commodore Home User's Group of Wheeling (CHUG)
  81 Lynwood Avenue
  Wheeling, WV  26003

  Wyoming, USA

  Cheyenne Association of Computer Enthusiasts
  P.O. Box 1733
  Cheyenne, WY 82003

  Canada

  Calgary Commodore User Group
  c/o 427 5th Avenue, SE
  High River, AB  Canada T1V 1H9

  Commodore Users of Edmonton
  9550-83 Street
  Edmonton, Alberta  Canada  T6C-3A1

+ Commodore Users Group of Nova Scotia
+ c/o Tony Cianfaglione
+ 6249 Willow Street
+ Halifax, Nova Scotia
+ Canada  B3L 1P1
+ (902) 425-1944
+ ab616@ccn.cs.dal.ca (Contact)

  Hamilton Commodore Users Group
  P.O. Box 20202, Upper James P.O.
  Hamilton, Ontario  L9C7M5

  Ottawa Home Computer Club
  1743 Caminiti Cresent
  Orleans, Ontario  Canada  K4A-1M2

  Saskatoon User's Group
  2614 Ahaultain Avenue
  Saskatoon, SK  S7J1R6
  Canada

  Toronto PET User's Group (TPUG)
  5334 Yonge Street, Box #116
  Willowdale, Ontario  Canada  M2N 6M2

  England

  Independent Commodore Products User Group
  ICHPUG Membership secretary
  17 Colne Drive
  Didcot, Oxon  OX11 7JZ
  Great Britain
  It supports all Commodore computers and has a software library for each
  of them. It also produces 6 Journals a year of approx 100 pages each.
  They have an Amateur Radio section in their c64 software library.

  GeoClub
  55 High Bank Road
  Droyslden, Manchester  M35 6FS
  England

  PLUS4/C16 Users Group
  c/o Tony Ellis
  36 Western Highway
  Blaxland NSW  2774
  (047) 39 1528 (Voice)
  Specializes in the Plus/4 and Commodore 16.

  Germany

  GEOS User's Club
  Xantener Street 40
  D-46286 Dorsten, Germany

  Vereinigte GEOS Anwender Koeln (United Geos Users Cologne)
  VGA Koeln
  c/o Thomas Bruehl
  Eichenweg 38
  D-50859 Koeln (Cologne)
  GERMANY
  thomas.bruehl@vga.infox.com / FIDO 2:2450/140.5 (Contact)
  First of all, we love our GEOS for C64/128. But beside this (if there is a
  new card, drive etc.) we have to maintain the C64/128 basics. So we meet
  every 3rd saturday at cologne, do some talking, perform workshops and
  publish our own news-letter, the GEOS-Kurier.

  New Zealand

  Kapiti Commodore Users' Group
  23 Weggery Drive
  Waikanae, New Zealand

  Miscellaneous

  Meeting 64/128 Users Through the Mail
  Route 7, Box 7614
  Palestine, TX  75801
  Francis Redmond, President
  jpnan@prairienet.org (Contact)
  A very good users group. Has been around for 7 years. $15 per year
  includes monthly newsletter.


  16.  Sales and Service

  Sooner or later, every Commodore owner will need to get his or her
  computer serviced, add another peripheral, or simply purchase some
  enhancement hardware or software.  Contrary to popular belief, there
  is a large base of hardware and software suppliers and service centers.


  16.1.  Where do I purchase Commodore Equipment and Software?

  Commodore no longer manufactures Commodore 8-bit computers.
  Many online services, including comp.sys.cbm, publications, and user
  groups newsletters contain regular messages from people wanting to sell
  Commodore equipment.

  In Germany, there are a number of shops which still sell factory new
  Commodore 64 and Commodore 128 computers.

  Commodore also no longer manufactures software for the Commodore 8-bit line.
  However, many companies still sell software for the Commodore line.

  A number of third parties still support the Commodore 8-bit line. They are
  listed below with a sampling of their products:

  Creative Micro Designs, Incorporated. (CMD)
  15 Benton Drive
  P.O. Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028-0646
  (800) 638-3263 (Orders only)
  (413) 525-0023 (Information)
  (413) 525-0147 (Fascimile)
  cmd-doug@genie.geis.com (Contact)
  CMD Hard Drives, Floppy Drives, GEOS Software, JiffyDOS, RAMLink, Games,
  SID Symphony, IEEE Flash!, Printer Adaptors, Books, Productivity, MIDI SW.

  CMD Direkt (CMD Europe)
  Postfach 58, A-6410
  Telfs, Austria
  0043-5262-66080 (Voice)
  0043-5262-64040 (Fascimile)

  Plus Electronics (CMD Germany)
  Postfach 100 263, D-30198
  Seelze, Germany
  05137-50477 (Voice)
  05137-91376 (Fascimile)

  Sandinges Import and Data (CMD Sweden)
  Norsbergvagen 8-B, S-302 30
  Halmstad, Sweden
  351-22164 (Voice)

  Novo Computers (CMD Australia)
  P.O. Box 237
  Mayfield, NSW 2304, Australia
  049-602-082 (Voice)

  Exceldata (CMD Australia)
  P.O. Box 572
  Marrickville, NSW, 2204, Australia
  02-550-0727 (Voice)
  02-558-1884 (Fascimile)

  Software Support International
  2700 N.E. Andresen Road Suite A-10
  Vancouver, WA 98661
  (800) 356-1179 (Orders Only)
  (360) 695-1393 (Information)
  (360) 695-9648 (Information)
  (360) 695-0059 (Fascimile)
  1750 Clone, Miscellaneous Software and Hardware.

  Software Hut
  Folcroft East Business Park
  313 Henderson Drive
  Sharon Hill, PA  19079
  (800) 932-6442 (Orders only)
  (610) 586-5701 (Information)
  (610) 586-5704 (Technical Support)
  (610) 586-5706 (Fascimile)
  Miscellaneous Software and Hardware.

  SOGWAP Software
  115 Bellmont Road
  Decatur, IN 46733
  (219) 724-3900
  Big Blue Reader, and Bible Search Software

  The FGM Connection
  P.O. Box 2206
  Roseburg, OR 97470
  (503) 673-2234 (Information)
  Fun Graphics Machine Software, printing/ publishing utility

  Mad Man Software
  The Enterprise Center
  1400 E. College Drive
  Cheyenne, WY 82007-3298
  Supply the C-Kit94 compression program.

  Horse Feathers Graphics
  N. 27310 Short Road
  Deer Park, WA 99006-9712
  Western Graphics for Print Shop, Professional quality

  Busy Bee Software
  P.O. Box 206
  Saint David,  AZ  85630
  Eric Lee (Contact)
  (502) 720-4103
  The Write Stuff 64/128 wordprocessing software

  Brown Boxes, Inc.
  26 Concord Road
  Bedford, MA 01730
  (617) 275-0090
  Quick Brown Box Battery Backed Memory cartridges for the C64/128

  Performance Peripherals, Inc.
  5 Upper Loudon Road
  Loudonville, NY 12211
  (518) 436-0485
  Battery Backed Ram expansion units. FLASH8 cartidge.

  Commodore Country
  1420 Country Road 914
  Burleson, TX 76028
| (817) 295-7658 (Information and Orders)
+ (817) 477 9674 (Fascimile)
+ Provide Commodore and Amiga sales and service, and carry new and used
+ software for the C64, C128, and Amiga lines.

  Living Proof, Ltd
  P.O. Box 80714
  Minneapolis, MN 55408-8714
  I paint software for the C128

  Antigrav Toolkit
  P.O. Box 1074
  Cambridge, MA 02142
  KeyDOS ROM version 2 for the C128

  Creative Pixels, Ltd.
  P.O. Box 502
  Library, PA  15129
  "The Adventures of Eric Hawthorne, P.I." action/strategy game.
  "A Day In the Life of a Prehistoric Man"

  Micro Storm Software
  P.O. Box 1086
  Sidney, MT 59270
  Public Domain and Shareware software

  8-Bit
  P.O. Box 542
  Lindenhurst, NY 11757-0542
  (516) 957-1100 (Orders)
  Public Domain and Commercial Software

  64 Disk Connection
  4291 Holland Road, Suite 562
  Virginia Beach, VA  23452
  Large selection of public domain and shareware software.

  Softside Supply
  c/o Dale Sidebottom
  1001 Estate Circle
  Georgetown, IN  47122
  GEOS Applications

  US Commodore Support
  c/o Ron Snyder
  364 South Nile Street
  Aurora, CO  80012
  (303) 344-5940 (Information and Orders)
  Sells used Hardware and software. A full price list is available on
  ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in /pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm/us.cbm-list.

  John Green
  365 Smith Street
  Freeport, NY  11520
  Sells "The Castle of Kraisar", a role playing game.

  Home-Spun Software
  P.O. box 1064DH
  Estero, FL  33928
  Unusual software, Foreign utilities.

  Computer Bargain Store
  3366 South 2300 East
  Salt Lake City, UT  84109
  (801) 466-8084 (Information: call only between 4-6 PM Mountain Time)
  New and like-new C128D computers.

  Tech Star Computer Center
  7036 188th South
  Kent, WA  98032
  (206) 251-9040 (Information/Orders)
  Refurbished hardware and new software.

  Suzart
  1529 Longmont Avenue
  Boise, ID 83706-3731
  Fonts for GEOS.

  Mega-Disk Software
  P.O. Box 1554
  Ellensburg, WA  98926-1554
  Joshua Brandt (Contact)
  brandtj@cwu.edu (Internet contact)
  Mega-Disk software specializes in public domain and shareware on sets of
  3.5" disk for the C-64 with a 1581, CMD FD-2000, or CMD FD-4000.
  Each set has over 2.5 Megs of files and cost $10 to $20.
  They currently have 3 different sets (SAMPLER #1, DEMOS #1, and GAMES #1).
  Send a SASE to the above address for a complete catalog.

  Disks O'Plenty Software
  8362 Pines Blvd. Suite 270
  Pembroke Pines, FL  33024
  (305) 963-7750 (Orders)

  Microstorm Software
  P.O. Box 1086
  Sidney, MT 59270

  Q Enterprises Software
  P.O. Box 77123
  Washington, DC  20013-7123

  Powerdisk Software
  6813 Lotus Way
  West Jordan, UT  84084

  Compute Books!
  c/o CCC
  2500 McClellan Ave.
  Pennsauken, NJ  08109
  Various Compute! Books.

  Caloke Industries (Dept. GK)
  P.O. Box 18477
  Raytown, MO 64133
  Send US$2.00 for catalog + sample disk of programs

  J.P. PBM Products By Mail (Commodore Hardware)
  c/o N. Sheridan
  Mall Postal Outlet - Box # 60515
  Downsview, Ontario  M3L 1BO
  CANADA
  Send US$2.00 For C64 catalog on disk.

  CPI, Department D
  Keystone Software
  P.O. Box 8369
  Pittsburgh, PA. 15218
  (412) 243-1049 (Orders and Information)
  (412) 731-2460 (Fascimile)
  Leroy's Cheatsheets.

  KFPDS Software
  c/o Kenneth Franklin
  P.O. Box 470464
  Los Angeles, CA 90047-0464
  Send US$2.00 for catalog + sample disks.

  Threshold Productions
  17730 15th Avenue NE Suite #229
  Seattle, WA  98155
  (206) 361-1332
  Jon Mines (Contact)
  tpinfo@eskimo.com (Information)
  TP is a developer and producer of quality & budget software.

  Fred Ogle
  P.O. Box 35427
  Dundalk, MD  21222-7427
  F.OGLE@GENIE.GEIS.COM (Information)
  The Color 64 BBS Software.

  R&K MicroTronics
  34 Hillwyck
  Toledo, OH  43615
  (419) 536-1455 (Information and Orders)
  Commodore repair and sales.

  Centsible Software
  P.O. Box 930
  St. Joseph, MI  49085
  (616) 428-9096 (Information and Orders)
  CENTSIBLE@DELPHI.COM (Information)
  Used software for the Commodore.

  Angelo Pasquella
  P.O. Box 71
  Beachwood, HJ  08722-0071
  (908) 349-9187 (Information M-F 10AM-5PM & 7PM-10PM EST)

  ArcTech Soft
  P.O. Box 56911
  North Pole, AK 99705-1911
  Software.

  RMS
  16 Maybrook Drive
  Maywood, NJ 07607
  (201) 843-3116 (Information)
  (201) 845-8250 (Bulletin Board System)
  (201) 843-3116 (Fascimile)
  (201) 501-5435 (Beeper for C-Net Technical Support)
  (201) 801-1953 (Beeper for Other Technical Support)
  (201) 385-5586 (Online Store)
  rosemarie_fox@2604.fido.the-boss.com (Information)
  C-Net 128 and C-Net 64 BBS Programs, Shareware, Used SW, CBM HW, CBM repair.
  They now accept Visa, MasterCard, and American Express Orders.

  Master Software
  6 Hillery Court
  Randallstown, MD  21133
  (410) 922-2962 (Information and Orders)
  BASIC Help Screens, Monitor Cables, Chip Saver Kit, TaxMaster SW.

  Russian Wyatt
  8614 Bramble Lane #203
  Randallstown, MD  21133
  Quest for Adventure for C-128.

  ACS Computer and Video Incorporated
  5344 Jimmy Carter Blvd.
  Norcross, GA  30093
  (404) 263-9190 (Information)
  (800) 962-4489 (Orders)
  (404) 263-7852 (Fascimile)

  Aprotek
  9323 West Evans Creek Road
  Rogue River, OR  97537
  (503) 582-2120 (Orders and Information)
  (503) 582-1225 (BBS)

  Computer Bargain Store
  3366 South 2300 East
  Salt Lake City, UT  84109
  (801) 466-8084 (Orders and Information)
  (801) 486-9128 (Fascimile)

  Dave's Computers
  32400 Aurora Road
  Solon, OH  44139
  (216) 467-9793

  EMS Computer Service
  4355 Kinney Road
  Ludington, MI  49431
  (616) 845-1540

  Lyben
  P.O. Box 130
  5545 Bridgewood
  Sterling Heights, MI  48311-0130
  (810) 268-8100

  Mid Continent Computers
  2332 North MacArthur
  Oklahoma City, OK  73127
  (405) 946-2888 (Orders and Information)

  Micro R&D
  721 "O" Street
  Loup City, NE  68853
  (800) 527-8797 (Orders and Information)

  Xetec
  2804 Arnold Road
  Salina, KS  67401
  (913) 827-0685

  Andor House/Don Radler
  3907 Southeast 2nd Avenue
  Cape Coral, FL  33904

  Bare Bones Software
  3060 Route 60 East
  Hurricane, WV  25526
  (800) 638-1123 (Orders Only)
  (304) 562-1608 (Bulletin Board System)
  (304) 562-1610 (Fascimile)
  (304) 562-1609 (order Inquires, Information, Customer Support)

  Bruno's Computer Warehouse
  510 Andover Park West
  Tukwila, WA  98188
  (206) 575-8737 (Information and Orders)

  Caloke Industries
  P.O. Box 18477
  Raytown, MO  64133
  (816) 478-6185 (Information and Orders)

  Compsult
  P.O. Box 5160
  San Luis Obispo, CA  93403-5160
  (805) 544-6616 (Information and Orders)
  (805) 544-6576 (Fascimile)
  $5-$10 Commercial Software and Public Domain Software

  Computer Workshops
  3612 Birdie Drive
  La Mesa, Ca  91941-8044

  Digital Vision, Incorporated
  270 Bridge Street
  Dedham, MA  02026
  (617) 329-5400 (Information)
  (800) 346-0090 (Orders)

  Easy Books Distributing
  P.O. Box 216
  Iowa Park, TX  76367-0216
  (817) 592-4727 (Orders and Information)

  Epyx Incorporated
  1979 Palomar Oaks Way
  Carlsbad, CA  92009
  (619) 431-9888 (Orders and Information)

  Family Computers & Video Games
  510 South First Street
  Mount Vernon, WA  98273
  (206) 336-3586 (Orders and Information)

  Compustuff
  2759 Medina Road
  Medina, OH  44256
  (216) 725-7729 (Orders and Information)
  (216) 723-7070 (Fascimile)

  FRD Software
  3487 East Terrace
  Fresno, CA  93703

  Horse Feathers Graphics
  North 27310 Short Road
  Deer Park, WA  99006-9712
  (509) 276-6928

  Lance Haffner Games
  P.O. Box 100594
  Nashville, TN  37224
  (615) 242-2617

  Landmark Series
  c/o New Horizon Software
  326 Fern Avenue - Second Floor
  Lyndhurst, NJ  07071-2127

  Click Here Software
  Maurice Randall
  P.O. Box 606
  215 East Harris
  Charlotte, MI  48813
  Offers the new GeoFax program, which allows faxes to be sent and received
  from your Commodore 64.

  Music Software Exchange
  P.O. Box 533334
  Orlando, FL  32853-3334

  Nathan Fiedler
  5711 Nount Pleasant Road
  Bernville, PA  19506

  Novastar Game Company
  P.O. Box 1813
  Rocklin, CA  95677
  (916) 624-7113 (Orders and Information)

  Quincy Softworks
  9479 East Whitmore Avenua
  Hughson, CA  95326-9745
  SW, TopDesk for GEOS.

  Software Clearance Center
  2025 Southwest Freeway
  Houston, TX  77098
  (800) 825-1990 (Orders)

  Software Etc.
  801 South Greenville Avenua
  Allen, TX  75002
  (214) 727-9695 (Orders and Information)

  Spark's Electronics
  5316 South Ninth Street
  Saint Joseph, MO  65404-1802
  (816) 238-5235 (Orders and Information)

  Surplus Computer Software
  3301 South Harbor Blvd.
  Santa Ana, CA  92704
  (714) 751-2667 (Orders and Information)

  Nathan Fiedler
  5711 Mount Pleasant Road
  Bernville, PA  19506

  Terrapin Software
  400 Riverside Street
  Portland, ME  04103-1068
  (800) 972-8200

  Titus Software
  20432 Corisco Street
  Chatsworth, CA  91311
  (818) 709-3692

  User's Corner
  1110 East Jackson
  Medford, OR  97504
  (503) 773-8868 (Orders and Information)

  West River Computer Center
  1212 Ordegon
  Rapid City, SD  57701-2006
  (605) 348-3389 (Information)
  (800) 272-1591 (Orders)

  Abacus
  5370 52nd Street Southeast
  Grand Rapids, MI  49512
  (616) 698-0330 (Information)
  (800) 272-1591 (Orders)

  Brantford Educational Services
  6 Pioneer Place
  Brantford, ONT  Canada N3R7G7

  Busy Bee User Group
  P.O. Box 3
  Arivaca, AZ  85601-0003

  LynnCarthy Industries
  P.O. Box 392
  Boise, ID  83701-0392
  (208) 383-0300
  Performance Peripherals, dieHard

  Digi-Key
  701 Brooks Avenue South
  P.O. Box 677
  Thief River Falls, MN  56701-0677
  (800) 344-4539 (Orders)
  Replacement ICs.

  Elliam Associates
  P.O. Box 2664
  Atascadero, CA  93423
  (805) 466-8440 (Orders and Information)

  John Elliot
  35 Crestview Avenue
  Daly City, CA  94015
  (415) 756-9810

  Howard W. Sams & Company
  2647 Waterfront Parkway East Drive
  Indianapolis, IN  46214-2041
  (317) 298-5400 (Orders and Information)

  Jameco Electronics
  1355 Shoreway Road
  Belmont, CA  94002
  (415) 592-8097 (Orders and Information)
  Replacement ICs.

  Jason-Ranhem Company
  3105 Gayle Lane
  Auburn, CA 95602
  (916) 878-0785 (Information)
  (800) 421-7731 (Orders)

  Kaltec
  Adjuntas, Puerto Rico  00601-0971

  Marshview Software Limited
  P.O. Box 1212
  Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada  E0A3C0
  (506) 364-0110 (Orders and Information)
  (506) 536-1462 (Fascimile)

  MEI/Micro Center
  1100 Steelwood Road
  Columbus, OH  43212
  (800) 634-3478 (Orders and Information)

  Midwest Micro-Peripherals
  6910 US Route 36
  East Fletcher, OH  45326
  (800) 522-8080 (Orders and Information)

  L.L. Plankey
  1712 Santa Margarita Drive
  Fallbrook, CA  92028-1641

  RTH Compuware
  805 Timber Lane
  Glenwood, IA  51534
  (712) 527-3863

  Reliance Forms & Supplies Incorporated
  23920 Freeway Park Drive
  Farmington Hills, MI  48334
  (810) 478-6620 (Orders and Information)

  Spheretron (formerly Schnedler Systems)
  25 Eastwood Road
  P.O. Box 5964
  Asheville, NC  28813
  (704) 274-4646

  Skyles Electric Works
  P.O. Box 1984
  Cupertino, CA  95015-1984
  (408) 737-1632 (Orders and Information)
+ Offers some CBM IC parts.

  The Soft Group
  P.O. Box 111
  Montgomery, IL 60538
  (708) 851-6667 (Orders and Information)
  (708) 851-1002 (Fascimile)

  TAB Books Incorporated
  Blue Ridge Summit, PA  17294-0840
  (717) 794-2191 (Information)
  (800) 822-8158 (Orders)

  D-mail U.S.A
  91 Market Street
  Wappingers Falls, NY  12590
  (914) 297-4800 (Orders and Information)
  (914) 297-2483 (Fascimile)

  Cyberteck Software
  928 East Broadway, Suite #317
  Missoula, MT  59802-4303
  Public Domain GEOS and non-GEOS disks

  Yanney Software
  P.O. Box 224
  Lebanon, PA  17042-0224
+ Pogo Stick Game for 64.

  Rolfe Wagner
  134 Rd 2390
  Aztec, NM  87410

  MNEMONIC Productions, Inc.
  365 Smith Street
  Freeport, NY  11520

  Basic Fundementals Company
  2235 East Marie Avenue
  Salt Lake City, UT  84109

  PHD Software Systems
  P.O. Box 23
  Moville, IA  51039-0023
+ RAMDOS Internal book, SprayPaint128, Karma Assembler 128, Rez80-128,
+ Ack128.

  Sunrise Software
  439 Park Lane
  Massapequa Park, NY  11762-1430
  Denny's Quest game.

  Micro Applications and Appliances
  6417 Hawthorne Street
  Landover, MD  20785-1711
  Gary Noakes (Contact)
  Produces "1581 Expressway" and "Tag! You're It!" programs.

  Harv Harris
  981 BrownThrush
  Wichita, KS  67212
  The Tax Survival Kit

  Commodore Users of Wichita
  c/o Robert C. Bales
  1201 East 61st Street North
  Park City, KS  67219-1947
  (316) 744-2580
  The Tax Survival Kit

  Herb's Discount Software
  4406 A Enterprise Place
  Fremont, CA  94538
  (510) 490-6335 (Orders and Information)

  Discount Computers and Software
  641 Southwest152nd Street
  Seattle, WA  98166
  (206) 431-0180 (Orders and Information)

  Beverly James Products
| c/o Jim Selleck
  17710 Olympia
  Redford, Michigan 48240
  (313) 531-8108 (Bulletin Board System) (Main Support BBS)
| Original author and copyright holder of C-Net DS2 v11.6, v 2.0 v2.5 and
| co-author of v3.0.  (Current v3.0 author is Rob Muscedere).

| C-Net 64 DS2 BBS Software
  92 Lee Ave Apartment N3
  Newark, OH  43055
| Michael Bendure (Contact)
| (614) 788-8568 (Information, Orders, and Voice Support Line)
  (614) 522-6563 (Bulletin Board System)
| mbendure@infinet.com (Internet Contact)
| URL http://www.infinet.com/~mbendure/cnet (C-Net 64 DS2 Home Page)
| Michael Bendure 1:226/1400 (Fido Net Contact)
| Mitron @ Cygnus X-1 (DS2/Image Net Contact)
| Distributes and supports C-Net 64 DS2 v2.0, v2.5, and v3.0 BBS.
| Current author and distributor of DS2 Network v3.04 and v3.1 for C-Net
| Corrdinator and co-author of Comm-Net (A 64/128 BBS network exclusively
| for those machines.)

  Compuquick Media Center
  3758 Town & Country Road
  Columbus, Ohio  43213
  (614) 235-1180
  Commodore and Amiga Dealers and Service. CBM 8 bit Hardware and
  Software.

  Dick Estel
  3487 East Terrace
  Fresno, CA  93703
  Dick Estel FRD line of graphics and fonts for GEOS users.

  Softdisk Publishing
  Box 30008
  Shreveport, LA  71130-0008
  (800) 594-3370 (Information and Orders)
  LOADSTAR magazine, the Compleat Walt, Dave, and Roger disks. SPORT C64
  novel on disk.

  Henry Sopko
  2705 King Street East Apt #212
  Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA, L8K1Y4
  Sells SCREENSAVER DELUXE for C128.

  Herbach and Rademan
  18 Canal Street
  P.O. Box 122
  Bristol, PA  19007-0122
  (800) 848-8001 (Orders and Information)
  NEW, UNUSED Commodore 128D internal power supplies.

  New Image Software, Inc.
  P.O. Box 525
  Salem, UT 84653
  (801) 423-2209 (Information and Orders)
  (801) 423-2734 (Bulletin Board System)
  support@farpoint.mewimage.com (Contact)
  Image BBS Sales and Support.

  J.P. PBM Products By Mail
  Box 60515, North Sheridan Mall P.O.
  Downsville, Ontario, Canada M3L 1B0
  Miscellaneous Commodore equipment and accessories.

  Parsec, Incorporated
  P.O. Box 111
  Salem, MA  01970-0111
  (508) 745-5855
  Commercial, Public Domain, and Shareware Software for CBM computers.

  Applied Technologies, Inc.
  Lyndon Way
  Kittery, Maine  03904
  ccwx06e@prodigy.com (Contact)
  (207) 439-5074 (Information and Orders)
  (207) 439-1061 (Fascimile)
  "The Whole Bit" Word Processing Software.

  Randy Winchester
  P.O. Box 1074
  Cambridge, MA  02142
  randy@mit.edu (Contact)
  KeyDOS and KeyDOS ROM for C128.

  Discount 2000
  Am Wisenpfad 1
  Tombergstrasse 12a
  D-53340 Meckenheim, Germany
  +49/2225/701834 (Information)
  +49/2225/13360 (Information)
  +49 2225/10193 (Fascimile)
  Sells the FLASH8 accelerator cartridge.

  Juergen Heinisch & Thomas Haberland
  GEOS User Club, GbR
  Xantener Str. 40
  D-46286 Dorsten
  Germany, Europe
  European distributors of TopDesk for GEOS.

  Seattle Labs
  9606 Northeast 180th Street
  Bothell, WA  98011
  (206) 402-6003 (Information and Orders)
  (206) 828-9011 (Fascimile)
  (206) 402-6388 (bulletin Board System)
  lab@seattlelab.com (Contact)
  http://www.accessone.com/slab/public_html/prodc64s.html
  Manufacture the C64S emulator for MS-DOS.

  COMPUTERSMITH
  RR#1 (Hwy 552 E), Goulais River
  Ontario,  Canada   P0S 1E0
| (705) 649-1251 (Fascimile) (In use at night)
+ (705) 256-0225 (Cellular Phone
  info@compsmth.soonet.ca (Price List)
  sales@compsmth.soonet.ca (Order Inquiries)
  orders@compsmth.soonet.ca (Orders)
  custserv@compsmth.soonet.ca (Customer Service)
  New and used programs and accessories.

  Computer Station
  2258 Pacific Avenue
  Long Beach, CA  90806
  (310) 595-0899 (Orders and Information)

  P.A.V.Y Software
  P.O. Box 1548
  Ballwin, MO  63022
  (314) 527-4504
  Landmark, the Computer Reference Bible for the C64.

  COMMODORE CEE
  P.O. Box 232115
  Sacramento, CA 95823
  EMAIL Jack Vanderwhite@cee-64.wmeonlin.sacbbx.com (Contact)
  Jack Vanderwhite (Owner)
  Fidonet: 1:203/999
  (916) 395-9733 (Bulletin Board System)
  In addition to offering a disk magazine by the same name, they distribute
  the DWEEZIL DISKS for GEOS, from Quincy Softworks, the English language
  version of TopDesk for GEOS, the Original GEOS Programmer's Reference
  Guide, the Hitchhiker's Guide to GEOS, and back issues of GEOJOURNAL.

  Hatronics
  195 Lincoln Avenue
  Montclair, NJ  07042
  (201) 783-7264
  Mark Hatten (Contact)
  Manufacture the HART UART cartridge.

  Rod Gasson
  90 Hilliers Road
  Reynella 5161
  South Australia.
  Produces QWKRR128.

  Paxtron Corporation
  28 Grove Street
  Spring Valley NY  10977
  (914) 578-6522 (Orders and Information)
  (914) 624-3239 (Fascimile)
+ Commodore ICs and Parts.

  Engineering Consulting
  583 Candlewood Street
  Brea, CA  92621
  Robert Blumenkranz (Contact)
  radiobob@earthlink.net (Contact)
  http://www.earthlink.net/users/engcon/webdocs/
  Manufacturer of Video Poster (cable TV character generator), the
  The Ultra Com Shack 64 Remote Base and Repeater Controller for Amateur
  Radio Use.  Also sells Switching Power Supply for C64 (very cool running
  and 90% efficient).

+ Intercorp Communication
+ 466 West Harwood
+ Madison Heights, MI  48071
+ CSOFT wares.

+ Popular Communications
+ 76 North Broadway
+ Hicksville, NY  11801-2953
+ Distributes the "pop'Comm" software for Amateur Radio use.


  16.2.  Where do I get equipment serviced?

  There are a number of repair facilities around that will bring your trusty
  Commodore computer up to speed again.  Please look in the list below for one
  that might be able to help you.  If that doesn't turn up anything, check
  with your local User's Group.

  A&M Computer Repair
  24 Conklin Drive
  Stoney Point, NY 10980
  (800) 344-4102 (Orders)
  (914) 562-7271 (Information)
  Fixed repair prices are very low, C64 C128 etc!!

  TYCOM Inc.
  503 East Street
  Pittsfield, MA 01201
  (413) 442-9771 (Information)
  Fast, fixed price all hardware repaired

  J&C Repair
  RD #2, Box 9
  Rockton, PA 15856
  (814) 583-5996 (Information)
  (814) 583-5995 (Fascimile)
  Repair all hardware.

  Harvey and Associates
  1409 Mill Street
  Laramie, WY 82070
  (307) 742-3275 (Information)
  Repairs and service. Inexpensive.

  Computer Technologies
  121 North Ridgewood Avenue, Suite A
  Datona Beach, FL 32114
  (800) 237-2835 (Information)
  Standard C64/128 repairs.

  Kasara Micro Systems
| 7 White Oak Circle
| Blufftron, SC  29910
  (800) 248-2983 (Information)
  (803) 757-7748 (Fascimile)
  All standard C64/128 repairs. Has hardware exchange program.

  Commodore Connection
  127 North Sante Fe Avenue #C
  Vista, CA  92804-5401
  (619) 945-8777 (Information/Orders)
  Michael Hendren (Contact)
  General repair.

  Capestany Copmputer Repair
  P.O. Box 733
  Seabrook, TX  77586
  Philip Capestany (Contact)
  General repair.

  Sodak Electronics
  603 South Mable
  Sioux Falls, SD  57103
  (605) 335-3004 (Information/Orders)
  Lamar nance (Contact)
  General repair.

  Sodak Electronics
  RR2 Box 52
  Hartford, SD  57033
  (605) 361-0632 (Information/Orders)
  Jim Muir (Contact)
  General repair.

  Bear Computer Repair Inc
  1005 McKean Street
  Philadelphia, PA 19148
  (800) 755-5295
  Repair C64, C128, Disk drives etc.

  BCE Inc/Commodore Connection
  c/o Jim Bethereum
  13914 E. Radcliff Pl.
  Auroa, CO 80015
  (303) 693-4038
  Commodore and general computer/peripheral repair.

  R&K MicroTronics
  34 Hillwyck
  Toledo, OH  43615
  (419) 536-1455 (Information and Orders)
  Commodore repair and sales.

  Service Management Group
  930 Lancaster Avenue Suite 290
  Exton, PA  19341

  Gordy Wilson's Keyboard Studio
  304 North Maple Suite #203
  Urbana, IL  61801
  (217) 328-3975

  Accurate Data Services
  North 1414 Fiske
  Spokane, WA  99202
  (509) 535-0590 (Orders and Information)

  Computer Shoppe of Alabama
  310 Second Avenue Northwest
  Suite C
  Cullman, AI  35055
  (205) 739-0040

  Computer USERS
  138 North Fifth
  Springfield, OR  97477
  (503) 726-8500 (Orders and Information)

  North American Computer
  147 West Broadway
  Waukesha, WI  53186
  (414) 547-6222 (Orders and Information)

  Handi Hams System Care of Courage Center
  3915 Golden Valley Road
  Golden Valley, MN  55422
  (915) 822-2683 (Orders and Information)

  Global Upgrades
  121 West Nyack Road, Suite 6
  Nanuet, NY  10954
  (800) 426-8693 (Orders and Information)
  (914) 624-3200 (Orders and Information)
  (914) 624-3239 (Fascimile)

  RMS Computer Systems
  P.O. Box 9222
  Paramus, NJ  07653-9222
  (201) 843-3116 (Information)
  (201) 845-8250 (Bulletin Board System)
  (201) 843-3116 (Fascimile)
  (201) 501-5435 (Beeper for C-Net Technical Support)
  (201) 801-1953 (Beeper for Other Technical Support)
  (201) 385-5586 (Online Store)
  rosemarie_fox@2604.fido.the-boss.com (Information)
  C-Net 128 and C-Net 64 BBS Programs, Shareware, Used SW, CBM HW, CBM repair.
  They now accept Visa, MasterCard, and American Express Orders.

  Microfix
  3535 West Pioneer Parkway
  Arlington, TX  76013
  (817) 261-9615 (Orders and Information)
  Repairs PET, C64, C128.

  Creative Micro Designs, Incorporated. (CMD)
  15 Benton Drive
  P.O. Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028-0646
  (800) 638-3263 (Orders only)
  (413) 525-0023 (Information)
  (413) 525-0147 (Fascimile)
  cmd-doug@genie.geis.com (Contact)
  CMD repairs most Commodore hardware.

  COMPUTERSMITH
  RR#1 (Hwy 552 E), Goulais River
  Ontario,  Canada   P0S 1E0
| (705) 649-1251 (Fascimile) (In use at night)
+ (705) 256-0225 (Cellular Phone
  info@compsmth.soonet.ca (Price List)
  custserv@compsmth.soonet.ca (Customer Service)
  Service both CBM and Amiga computers.

  Virginia Microcomputer Services
  14800 Build America Drive
  Woodridge, VA  22191
  (703) 491-6502 (Information: 10-6 M-F, 10-4 SAT)
  (703) 494-0744 (Fascimile)
  Brian Cotton (Contact)
  Commodore 8-bit and Amiga Service

  Engineering Consulting
  583 Candlewood Street
  Brea, CA  92621
  Robert Blumenkranz (Contact)
  radiobob@earthlink.net (Contact)
  http://www.earthlink.net/users/engcon/webdocs/
  Refurbishes C64s and 1541s.

+ Skyles Electric Works
+ P.O. Box 1984
+ Cupertino, CA  95015-1984
+ (408) 737-1632 (Orders and Information)
+ Repairs CBM CPUs and disk drives.


  16.3.  How do I know who to buy from or request service from?

  The information provided in this file does not imply that a company is
  reputable or even still in business.  It is best to use the above information
  as a starting point, and contact others who can discuss the various
  manufacturers and repair facilities listed above.


  17. Miscellaneous

  Well, this is where the chaff falls.  The following questions are either
  too new to categorize or do not fit into a category.


  17.1.  How fast does a Commodore 64 run?

  If you are using a stock Commodore 64, the CPU clock frequency is a function
  of the video timing frequency, which is slightly different for differing
  countries.  If you have a stock PAL-B C64 (Common in Europe), the computer
  is running at 985248.444Hz.  If you are using an NTSC-M C64 (Common in the
  USA), the computer is running slightly faster, at 1022727.143Hz.


  17.2.  How can a turn my NTSC-M 64 into a PAL-B 64 or vice versa?

  Changing a C64 from stock PAL-B to stock NTSC-M or vice versa
  requires swapping in the approproate VIC-II chip and the appropriate
  crystal, as well as changing a jumper on the motherboard (The jumper
  has printing near it that indicates whether to cut or connect the jumper).
  Also, if you have a version 1 KERNAL ROM and want to use the built-in
  RS-232 routines, you need to either swap KERNAL ROMs with the other
  computer (not recommended), or obtain a revision 3 KERNAL (recommended).

  Now, if maintaining stock operation is not a complete must, or if you
  just want to tinker, the crystal and jumper modifications can be made
  optional.

  The VIC-II chip has a relaxed tolerance for timing, so it is possible to
  run an NTSC-M VIC-II with a PAL-B crystal and jumper settings.
  The converse is possible as well.  Since the crystal frequency is used to
  generate the frequencies for the TV and monitor output, your TV or
  monitor may not like the resuling hybrid signal very well, but it won't
  break anything.

  In addtion, the jumper indicated above determines the divisor used to scale
  down the crystal frequency for the CPU.  For PAL-B units, the divisor is
  18, and for NTSC-M units the divisor is 14.  The Commodore 64 will operate
  regardless of the crystal frequency and state of this jumper.  Therefore,
  to speed up a 64, one can install a PAL-B crystal (17734472Hz) and change
  the jumper to use the NTSC divisor (14) to increase the operating
  speed of the machine to 1266748Hz.  However, note that any operations (disk,
  rs-232, special VIC tricks) that require synchronized timing may fail in
  this "non-stock" scenario.


  17.3.  What does this IC number mean?

  Here are a few Commodore IC numbers and their functions.  Note that this
  is an incomplete list.  A more comprehansive list is called csg.chips.info
  and is at ftp.funet.fi.

  For the VIC-20:

  Mnemonic         PN#   Alt. PN#
  VIC-I (NTSC-M)   6560
  VIC-I (PAL-B)    6561
  CPU              6502

  For the C-64 and C-64C:

  Mnemonic         PN#   Alt. PN#
  VIC-II (NTSC-M)  6567  8562?
  VIC-II (PAL-B)   6569  8565
  VIC-II (PAL-N)   6572
  VIC-II (PAL-M)   6573
  SID              6581  6582  8580

  For the C-128(D):

  Mnemonic         PN#   Alt. PN#
  VIC-IIe (NTSC-M) 8564
  VIC-IIe (PAL-B)  8566
  VIC-IIe (PAL-N)  8569
  DVDC             8563  8568
  SID              6581  6582  8580

  Differences between 64 boards:

  The older boards had discrete LSI logic and a PLA chip.  The newer
  boards put all the PLA and LSI logic into one ASIC chip.  On the
  older boards, the KERNAL and BASIC ROMs were separate, while they are
  combined in the newer design.

+ There are two different models of the narrow board.  One has Color RAM,
+ while the other does not.  The ASIC chip includes the PLA and 7 TTL chips,
+ and the Color RAM on some machines machines.

+ The new models use 9 volt versions 8580 SID, while older models use the
+ 6581 12 volt SID.  The VIC chip (6567 NTSC-M, 6569 PAL-B) has been replaced
+ with the 8562 (NTSC-M) and 8565 (PAL-B) on newer models.

+ Both BASIC 2.0 and the KERNAL ROM have been combined into one ROM for
+ the C64C/G/GS.  This ROM is the same as is used on the C128 in C64 mode.
+ The ROM is indentical except for nationality differences.


  18. Credits

  I want to extend my thanks to the following people for their help in
  providing correct, up-to-date information in this FAQ:

  Fred Mueller, who maintained this FAQ before I.
  Everyone who helped add to the 1.4 FAQ material to make the 2.0-2.2 FAQ.
  Geof Goodrum, for info on WACUG home page.
  Guenther Bauer, for European TopDesk distributor.
  Anthony Hawkins, for info on new CUGNS WWW home page.
  George Page, for info on demise of Commodore Connection.
  Andreas Varga, for information on SID music home page.
  Jouko Valta, for info on how to open a 128 PS and general FAQ comments.
  Russell Alphey, for info on updated email address of c65 list.
  John Wildes, for new address of Bare Bones SW.
  Lee Thompson, for info on Seattle Labs.
  Peter Weighill, for updates on ICHPUG.
  Holger Heimes, for info on UGUC and some extra places to get the FAQ.
  Bob Panek, for info on LOADSTAR's new home page.
  Dan Tobias, for info on LOADSTAR's new home page.
| Tim Phelps, for updated info on Novaterm 9.6.
  Jean Nance, for info on P.A.V.Y Software.
  Gaelyne Moranec, for general FAQ tidiness.
  Guenther Bauer, for updated pricing on FLASH8.
  Marko Makela, for info on NTSC-M/ PAL-B stuff and general comments.
  Daniel Fandrich, for info on cross-assemblers.
  David Schmoll, for 1902<->64 cable info.
  Robert Blumenkranz, for info on his 64 repeater controller.
  Marv Shelton, for information on Hatronics.
  Mark Keith, for the rs-232 cable plans.
  Nhat-Viet Phi, for suggestions on the mini table of contents in each file.
  Larry Haynes, for correction on BASIC prg in 3.3.
  Michael Bendure, for updates on his listing.
  WardShrake, for info on TPUG address.
  Charles Hollingsworth, for info on CIVIC.
  Robert Blumenkranz, for info on Engineering Consulting.
  Tony Cianfaqlione, for correction on Nova Scotia's WWW address.
  Jack Vanderwhite, for suggestions on improving 13.8 wording.
  Jack Vanderwhite, for info on COMMODORE CEE Sub. rates.
  Anthony Hawkins, for updates on Seattle Labs WWW address.
+ Sami J Laine, for info on DataPump schematics.
+ Jouko Valta, for general tidiness.
+ Mike Neus, for the expansion of JPEG.
+ Harold Hoover, for corrections on RS-232 infterface.
+ Tony Cianfaglione, for WWW corrections.
+ Gaelyne Moranec, for info on her WWW site.
+ Allan Smith, for corrections on COMPUTERSMITH listings.
+ Michael bendure, for corrections on C-Net 64 DS2 BBS Software.
+ Jouko Valta, for added info on different c64 boards and other corrections.
+ Rick Mosdell, for info on Visions.
+ Daniel Dallmann, for info on his new 9600 bps modem routines and cabling.
+ Brett Tabke, for info on PHD Software Systems
+ David Gahris, for info on demise of Chris Philips home page.
+ Mike Msessums, for more info on MCCC User Group and Commodore Country.
+ Peter Kurek, for info on his WWW page address change.
+ Aaron Baugher, for update on comp.emulators.cbm FAQ WWW page address change.
+ Jeff Fleming, for info on VCC user group and the Commodore GEOS Publication.
+ Craig Taylor, for updates on his email address.
+ Jerry Swartz, for more info on BBCG user group.
+ Daniel Dallmann, for updates on his home country.
+ David Gahris, for updates on terminal programs.
+ Holger Heimes, for info on LISP and FORTH for the CBM machines.
+ David Gahris, for info on PData.
+ Chris Tucker, for info on Popular Communications.



CHECKBOOK
BY ARNOLD SOLOF
TO LOAD AND RUN PROGRAM
     ENTER:      LOAD "CHECK*",8:<SHIFT RUN>

ENTER CHECKS/DEPOSITS/ETC
     Make sure you have labeled the check categories (main menu option 4).
     Select option 1 from the main menu.
     Enter the check# of the 1st check you will be writing.
     Enter the date (format = MMDDYY).

     If a file for the month and year entered does not exist, an error message will appear. If the date entered was correct, hit any key and continue.
Otherwise hit the <stop> key and rerun the program.

     The data entry screen now appears. The menu options for this mode appear at the bottom of the screen:

     E = ENTER A CHECK/DEPOSIT OR OTHER ENTRY
     R = SEARCH FOR ENTRY BY COMPUTER RECORD #
     S = SEARCH FOR AN ENTRY BY OTHER CRITERIA
     C = CHANGE AN ENTRY
     + = GET NEXT ENTRY (COMPUTER RECORD # SEQUENCE)
     - = GET PREVIOUS ENTRY (COMPUTER RECORD # SEQUENCE
   <pi>= ENTER PAYROLL CHECKS FROM DISK (LINKS TO PAYROLL PROG BY A. SOLOF)
             (note: this option disburses salary checks to category #6)
     \ = SAVE WORK TO DATE ON DISK WITHOUT RETURNING TO MAIN MENU
     % = BEGINNING BALANCE  THIS MONTH = ENDING BALANCE LAST MONTH                   B = SET BEGINNING BALANCE THIS MONTH
     D = RESET "TODAY'S DATE"
     N = RESET STARTING CHECK#
     ? = HELP SCREEN
<left arrow> = DATA ENTRY DONE, SAVE ON DISK AND RETURN TO MAIN MENU

     IMPORTANT: YOU MUST USE THE REVERSE ARROW COMMAND WHEN DONE OR ELSE YOUR DATA WILL NOT BE SAVED ON DISK!!!

     DATA ENTRY:
        IMPORTANT: DON'T USE CURSOR UP & CURSOR DOWN DURING DATA ENTRY!!!

        Note: The balance is calculated & displayed after each entry or change          Note: The "-" or "X" at the right upper screen is the entry's mark.
                  That is,"X" means the entry has returned on a bank statement. 
        ENTER DATE (<RETURN> OR TODAY'S DATE)
        ENTER CHECK# (<RETURN> UNLESS CHECK# OUT OF SEQUENCE)
              IF ENTRY IS A NON CHECK, NON DEPOSIT (EG SERVICE CHARGE)
                 THEN ENTER <-> FOR THE CHECK#
              IF ENTRY IS A DEPOSIT THEN <RETURN> FOR CHECK#
        ENTER PAYEE
              IF ENTRY IS A DEPOSIT ENTER <D> HERE
        ENTER # DISBURSEMENTS (1 OR 2)
              IF 1 THEN <RETURN>
        ENTER 1ST DISBURSEMENT CATEGORY #
        ENTER 1ST DISBURSEMENT AMOUNT
        ENTER 2ND DISBURSEMENT CATEGORY #
        ENTER 2ND DISBURSEMENT AMOUNT
        ENTER MEMO

        NOTE: THE PROGRAM WILL SKIP OVER UNNECESSARY DATA INPUT.
              IF THE CURSOR STAYS ON THE SAME FIELD AFTER HITTING <RETURN>
                 THEN THE ENTRY WAS REJECTED AS INVALID. REENTER WITH VALID
                 DATA

        AFTER DATA ENTRY IS COMPLETE YOU HAVE A MENU:
              (ACCEPT/EDIT/CANCEL)
              C = CANCEL ---> ELIMINATES THE ENTRY ALTOGETHER
              E = EDIT -----> CURSOR TO 1ST FIELD TO REENTER DATA
                   (IF FIELD OK THEN HIT <RETURN>)
              A = ACCEPT ---> ENTRY ADDED TO RECORD (COMPUTER MEMORY ONLY)

              IF ACCEPTED ENTRY IS A CHECK THEN PROGRAM ASKS --> PRINT CHECK?
                  ANSWER BY HITTING "Y" OR "N" KEY.

                  IF ABOVE ANSWER IS YES, THEN YOU ARE PROMPTED TO ENTER 
                    TWO LINES OF MAILING ADDRESS (<RETURN><RETURN> =NO ADDRESS)
                    YOU CAN EDIT THE ADDRESS IF NECESSARY
                    WHEN ADDRESS IS ACCEPTED, THE CHECK IS PRINTED

MONTHLY SUMMARY
     Select option 2 from main menu.
     Select either list only, or list + categories.
     Enter the date (format MMYY)
     Summary is printed:
        Beginning Month balance
        End Month balance
        Total checks
        Total deposits
        List of all checks in sequence of entry
        List of all check by category with category totals

RECONCILE CHECKBOOK WITH STATEMENT
     Select option 3 from main menu
     Enter the statement date.
     Enter the statement balance.

     Enter all entry's appearing on the bank statement.
        Enter check#
              If entry is a deposit enter a "*"
              If entry is a non check/non deposit entry then enter a "-"
        Enter amount

        Repeat above until all entries entered.
              If you make an error entering data then enter "^" at the Check#
                 prompt and you can edit the entry.
        When you have completed entering all the entries, enter <left arrow>
              at the check # prompt.

     The computer will look at its list of active months and read in the first
        active month. It will scan the entries for the 1st unmarked entry. It 
        will compare it with the list of statement entries. If a check# match 
        is found it then compares the amounts. If they do not match then an
        amount mismatch error is printed and the problem check is specified.
        If the amounts match, then the check is "marked" and the statement
        entry is "marked" and the computer scans for the next unmarked check.
        When all the checks of a month have been scanned, a list of unmarked
        checks for that month is printed and the unmarked checks and unmarked
        deposits are totaled. If there are no unmarked entries remaining then
        the month is deleted from the active month list. That months file is
        is saved with the updated check markings.  It then gets the next active
        month and repeats the process. When either the last active month or the
        statement month are checked, the computer reports:

              List of all statement entries and whether they are marked.
                  (ie. found a match in checkbook)
              Checkbook balance:
              Total unmarked checks:
              Total unmarked deposits:
              Reconciled checkbook balance:
              Statement balance:
              Message whether or not the checkbook agrees with the statement
                and if not by how much it differs and in which direction.

EDIT CATEGORY NAME LIST
     Select option #4 from the main menu.
     Enter the checkbook owner's or business name.
     Enter the total # categories you want. (you can add later---Max = 30)
     Enter the names for each category number.
        After you enter the last category name, enter <return> for the others.
        Edit if necessary.
        If you don't have an updated category list, then enter "y" to print
           list.
     Category names can be changed any time, but the items remain in the same
        # category.                                                             Customizing the Program
     This program was written for the Commodore 64, 1541 or MSD disk drive, and the Okidata 93 printer with Tymac "The Connection" interface.  If you have
different equipment or special applications, you may need to modify the program.  After any modification of the program, entering GOTO40000 will save, replace,
and verify the program.
     Limits of accepted check#s are placed in lines 1090 and 23048.  The program as is rejects check#s less than 1000 or greater than 9999. This is to check
for valid input. If you need a different check# range, then alter these numbers for your lower and upper valid input of check#s.
     If you want to use this program for separate checkbooks, you must have a separate disk for each checkbook.
     The checkbook monthly summary is programmed for 12 characters/inch (96 columns). If your printer cannot print 12cpi or if your printer doesn't understand
the interface and Okidata tabbing commands used, then consult your printer and interface manuels for the correct syntax for your equipment.
     T$ is assigned the value of CHR$(16) and may be used in place of it to shorten the program.
Filename legend:

 /A = ASCII text file
 /B = Xmodem upload
 /I = B-protocol (Vidtex) upload
 /R = RLE graphic file

NOTE:  Size is rounded to the nearest full K (1K = 1024 bytes)

System              Upload
Filename     Size    Date    Brief description
------------+-----+--------+---------------------------
CBTDOC.SDA/B 48K  23-Apr-89 Self dissolving archive of CBTerm documentation
CBTPGM.SDA/B 27K  23-Apr-89 Self dissolving archive of CBTerm files
LIB12.DIR/A  6K   06-Mar-89 Directory of files in Library 12 to date
QTERM.BIN/B  1K   02-Aug-88 Loads FastLoad and CBTerm with loader prg
SEIKO.BIN/B  3K   11-Jun-88 CBTerm overlay for the Seikosha SP-1000VC
VM6480.BIN/B 1K   05-Mar-88 CBTerm overlay for VM6470 and VM6480 modems
CBT67.BIN/B  14K  27-Nov-87 CBTerm version 6.7
TRMPRG.TXT/A 15K  17-Nov-87 Allows downloads if you can't w/ present prg
CBTCUS.BIN/B 1K   09-Nov-87 Customizer for CBTerm 6.6
CBTERM.TIP/B 6K   25-Oct-87 Tips on customizing, 6480 use, overlays
CBBOOT.IMG/I 1K   16-Jan-87 Boot CBTerm with overlay of your choice
CBFKEY.IMG/I 2K   16-Jan-87 Streamlined version of CBTKEY
DDLVTX.BIN/B 1K   07-Jan-87 Overlays for RLE graphics
BXD.TXT/A    6K   06-Feb-85 Short program that gives downloading capability
CBTBOO/B     1K   29-Nov-86 Loads CBVTX.OVL and boots CBTERM in 300 baud
ONOTES.DOC/A 4K   04-Aug-86 Text file, notes on changes in overlays
CBTT52.BIN/B 1K   12-May-86 VT52 overlay
CBTT52.TXT/A 1K   11-May-86 Doc for CBTT52.BIN
TERMX2.BIN/B 1K   14-Apr-86 Termx1 XMODEM routines
COPYRT.TXT/A 1K   10-Apr-86 Copyright notices et all
80COL.IMG/I  3K   05-Apr-86 80 column driver for the C64
COLORS.IMG/I 1K   05-Apr-86 Background colors for 80COL.IMG
LETTER.IMG/I 5K   05-Apr-86 Info file for 80COL.IMG
CBT70.BIN/B  12K  01-Mar-86 CBterm/C64 Ver 4.57 for 6470 ONLY
HEX2BI.BIN/B 4K   12-Oct-85 BASIC prg that allows capture of hex prg
HEX2BI.DOC/A 3K   12-Oct-85 Documentation for Hex2Bin
HEX2BI.SEQ/A 4K   12-Oct-85 BASIC prg that allows capture of hex prg
TXT2BA.BIN/B 4K   12-Oct-85 Converts seq listings to BASIC programs
TXT2BA.DOC/A 4K   12-Oct-85 Documentation for Txt2Ba
TXT2BA.SEQ/A 4K   12-Oct-85 Converts seq listings to BASIC programs
CBTFNT.BIN/B 1K   22-Sep-85 Alternate font for 80 col screen
CBTFNT.DOC/A 2K   22-Sep-85 Doc for CBTFNT
CBTFNT.IMG/I 1K   22-Sep-85 Alternate 80 Column Character set
CBTDDL.BIN/B 1K   09-Sep-85 Doodle overlay program
CBTDDL.DOC/A 3K   09-Sep-85 DOC file for CBTDDL
CBTDDL.IMG/I 1K   09-Sep-85 Same file CBTDDL.BIN but .IMG format
MUTTRM.TXT/A 7K   27-Jul-85 Bootstrap program for use with 1660 modem
CBTKOA.BIN/B 1K   23-Jul-85 Saves hi-res pictures in Koala format
CBTKOA.DOC/A 4K   23-Jul-85 Doc for Ver 1.2 of CBTKOA
CBTKOA.IMG/I 1K   23-Jul-85 Same as CBTKOA.BIN uploaded with VIDTEX
CBTPIX.BIN/B 1K   23-Jul-85 Displays CBTKOA pictures in hi-res format
CBTPIX.IMG/I 1K   23-Jul-85 Same as CBTPIX.BIN uploaded with VIDTEX
CBTGO.BIN/B  1K   20-Jul-85 Loads and boots CBTVTX and CBTerm
CBTGO.IMG/I  1K   20-Jul-85 Same as CBTGO.BIN but .IMG format
CBTGOP.BIN/B 1K   20-Jul-85 Loads and boots CBTPNT and CBTerm
CBTGOP.IMG/I 1K   20-Jul-85 Same as CBTGOP.BIN but .IMG format
CBTPNT.BIN/B 1K   20-Jul-85 Overlay allows Punter protocol
CBTPNT.DOC/A 2K   20-Jul-85 DOC file for CBTPNT
CBTPNT.IMG/I 1K   20-Jul-85 Same as CBTPNT.BIN in .IMG format
CBTRLE.BIN/B 1K   08-Jul-85 Prints hi-res RLE pictures on any printer
CBTRLE.DOC/A 3K   08-Jul-85 Docs for CBTRLE
CBTRLE.IMG/I 1K   08-Jul-85 Same as CBTRLE.BIN in .IMG format
CBTFIX.IMG/I 1K   03-Jul-85 Strips Xmodem padding
CBTVT2.IMG/I 1K   03-Jul-85 CBTVT2 as an .IMG file
CBTVTX.IMG/I 1K   03-Jul-85 CBTVTX as an .IMG file
CINDEX.DOC/B 5K   09-Jun-85 Index to machine code routines, HEX format
CINDEX.TXT/A 5K   09-Jun-85 A text version of CINDEX.DOC
CBTFIX.BIN/B 1K   21-May-85 Strips Xmodem padding
CBTFIX.DOC/A 2K   21-May-85 Docs for CBTFIX
CBTPET.DOC/A 1K   14-May-85 Text, patches for ASCII/PETASCII conversion
CBTVT2.BIN/B 1K   13-May-85 CBTVTX with 40/80 auto switch disabled
CBT1.SRC/A   4K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT10.SRC/A  1K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT11.SRC/A  5K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT12.SRC/A  3K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT13.SRC/A  1K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT14.SRC/A  2K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT15.SRC/A  5K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT16.SRC/A  1K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT2A.SRC/A  9K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT2B.SRC/A  6K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT3.SRC/A   1K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT4.SRC/A   7K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT5.SRC/A   7K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT6.SRC/A   1K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT7.SRC/A   2K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT8.SRC/A   5K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBT9.SRC/A   5K   16-Mar-85 CBTerm source code
CBTSRC.SRC/A 1K   16-Mar-85 Main file, CBTerm source code
TERMX1.SRC/A 10K  16-Mar-85 Source code to termx1
THEEND.SRC/A 1K   16-Mar-85 Last file in CBterm source chain
TERMX1.DOC/A 4K   27-Feb-85 Doc for TERM.X1
BASX1.BIN/B  1K   25-Feb-85 Sample basic program to use with term.x1
BASX1.IMG/I  1K   25-Feb-85 Sample basic program for use with term.x1
TERMX1.BIN/B 1K   25-Feb-85 ML subroutine, provides Xmodem
TERMX1.IMG/I 1K   25-Feb-85 TERMX1 in .IMG format   

      CBtfix.doc          Ver 1.0
 
 (c) 1985 by Chrisdos. All rights reserved.
 CBterm/C64 (c) (tm) 1985 by Chrisdos.


 CBtfix.bas is a utility program to be used with files downloaded via the
XMODEM format to remove the padding added to the file during transfer.
 The XMODEM protocol requires that all data be sent in blocks of 128
and if a file is not a multiple of 128 when it is sent, it will be padded
to fill out the block. The xmodem protocol calls for ASCII NULLS ($00) to
be added, or in some cases ASCII EOT (control-z $1A) are used. CBterm uses
the control-z padding.
In some rare cases, the extra padding overwrites some other part of memory
when the file is loaded and causes the program to crash. If the file is
first run through CBtfix.bas, the extra padding (either $00 or $1A) will
be stripped from the end of the file. CBtfix.bas may be used on both SEQ
and PRG files, and you are prompted for all information.

 To use CBtfix.bas, just load the program and run. (Do NOT alter any line of
the basic program, as there is an ML routine appened to it, and altering
the basic will cause it to crash.)

 You will be prompted for the n	e of the file you wish to work on. Enter the
name and press return. You will then be prompted for Seq or Prg. You may
enter either an S or a P, then press return.
You then enter the name you wish to call the output file.
And finally you are asked if the program you are converting is a BASIC program
or no. (Enter Y or N.)

 CBtfix will then read in the file using a fast ML routine, strip the end of the
file, and write it out to the new file. The question about IS THIS BASIC is
required because all basic fi	s end with 3 $00 markers, and if these were
not put back, the converted program would loose its last line.
 The maximum file that CBtfix.bas can handle is 145 disk blocks long.

  After the file has been stripped, make sure the new file operates before
destroying the old file.
 
   -Chrisdos

                CBTFONT
 An alternate character font for CBterm's 80 column screen.
---------------------------------------------------------------
 All CBterm/C64 files are (c) 1985 by Chrisdos. All rights reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 Special thanks to Aaron Linder [73605,1714] who whipped up this font.


	The 80 column screen on CBterm uses a High Res font image that
has a 3 by 8 grid for each character, with one pixel between each character.
This proves to be hard to read on some color monitors. The CBTFONT file
contains a new 4 by 8 font. Each character is a bit wider, as there is now
no space between characters.
	This may improve the readability on some screens.


Use:
----
	CBTFONT will be installed in a copy of CBTERM on your disk and will
replace the original character set. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE A BACKUP COPY OF
CBTERM ! Always keep an orignal copy of CBterm safe incase you crash your
working copy.

	Download the CBTFNT (.BIN or .IMG) file as CBTFONT on your disk.
You should download it as a PRG file, althogh it is not a program in itself.

	LOAD CBTerm into your C64, but DO N	 RUN IT !
	Place the disk with the CBTFONT file in the drive.

YOU MUST ENTER THE FOLLOWING 2 LINES DIRECTLY, WITHOUT LINE NUMBERS:
(Be carefull as you type!)

	open8,8,8,"cbtfont,p,r":poke58,1:get#8,a$,a$     (and hit <RETURN>)
	poke58,1:forx=5441to6200:get#8,a$:pokex,asc(a$+chr$(0)):next:close 8
(and hit <RETURN>)


The first line opens the disk file with the new font, and throws away the
first 2 bytes. It does this as soon as you hit <RETURN>.
The second line reads the next 760 bytes and pokes it into 	term over
the original font.
 The POKE58,1 is required to allow the GET statements to works in basic's
direct mode. With out them, you would get an Illegal Direct error.

After the drive light goes out, you may save the new version of CBterm to
disk. You might use:  SAVE"CBTERMF",8
You should not use the original name first off, as you might want to save
the old copy of CBterm also. If you are using an auto boot program that
needs to find the name CBTERM on disk, then first rename the original version
to 	mething like CBTERM.OLD, then the new version can be renamed CBTERM.

After you have saved the copy, you can enter RUN and check the 80 column screen
with the new font. The new version on disk will also have this new font as well.

This method of using DIRECT MODE in basic is an example of doing 2 things at
one time. You have loaded CBterm into memory, and since it is in a BASIC 
format, can SAVE it again. Had you loaded a new program on top of it, you
would not have been able to resave CBterm. However, u	ng DIRECT mode, the
pointers for LOAD/SAVE were not messed up, allowing you to RUN a small
basic program, while still keeping the original program in memory.
 
 -Chrisdos

 Petscii/Ascii alternate character conversion patch for CBterm/C64 (tm)
            (c) 1985 by Chrisdos
 When the vharater set decode tables for CBterm were written, it was never
thought of that the program would grow into the huge program it is now, and
due to the fact that there are 2 sets of character codes for upper case
Petscii in Petset 2, there is some incompatibility between CBterm's
translation and some word processors. CBterm translates the incomming
upper case ASCII A-Z (65-90) into upper case PETSCII A-Z (97-122)
 The other upper case PETSCII is at 193-218. 
The following patch will rewrite part of the decode table to alter the
97-122 values to 193-218. However, with this patch installed, CBterm will
only display proper charaters to the screen in 40 column mode, as all
upper case letters will be gibberish in 80 column mode due to the change
in the table that the 80 column routine uses to find the charater set.
The program will run fine, but 80 column screen upper case letters will
be lost. Therefor, only use this version if you want to download a file
and translate it to the secondary petscii set for your word processo	or other program. (or if you do not use 80 column screen at all.)
Please note that this is only for DOWNLOADING files, the unpatched version
of CBterm correctly translates all PETSCII sets to ASCII. The patch is
only the ASCII to PETSCII conversion.

 Load CBterm/C64 and enter the followint line to basic:

 for x = 1 to 26: poke 2496+x, 192+x: next: poke 9569, 80

 and hit <RETURN>. 
This will poke the new values into the decode table and also change the
opening screen version number to V4.5p
 You can the	do a SAVE on the program to save the altered version.
(Only use this patch for version 4.5 of CBterm/C64 (tm))
        -Chrisdos

             CBTRLE
   Overlay routines for use with CBterm/C64
    (all files (c) 1985 by Chrisdos)


 CBTRLE is an overlay subroutine program that links itself to CBterm to 
provide additional functions inside CBterm.
 CBTRLE provides a method of PRINTING the Hi-Resolution screen to a standard
line printer. CBTRLE replaces the normal HI-Res screen dump (that will
only work to a Star or Epson type dot-matrix printer) with a conversion
routine that will translate to normal ASCII characters. In other words, the
amount of shading on the screen is translated to a standard ASCII character
that represents the amount of shading on the paper.
Any printer can then print the characters. The normal Hi-Res screen (for
CB Pictures and Weather maps) is 256 by 192. This is too large an area for
any standard printer to handle, so it is scaled by a factor of 4 to provide
an 80 by 48 grid. This fits printers very nicely. Due to the scaling, there
is a reduction in resolution, but very respectable pictures are produced.

USE OF CBTRLE.
--------------
CBTRLE is a high memory overlay that loads into $C000. It is like the CBTVTX
overlay, and therefor, they MAY NOT be used together. CBTRLE is only really
needed when you wish to print pictures anyway, and as such does not have
to be loaded all the time.
To use CBTRLE, before loading CBterm, you enter: LOAD"CBTRLE",8,1
(You will note that this is a non-relocatable load)
You then load CBterm normaly: LOAD"CBTERM"   (Standard load)
You then run CBterm, it will ask for the baud rate and show the opening screen.
If CBTRLE has been found, the version number will show: V4R5

CBTRLE replaces the normal screen dump built into cbterm and is controled
by the C=6 and C=\ (english pound) keys. You would log on as normal and
goto the Hi-Res picture you want.
(Note: If you have been using the CBTVTX overlay and have your terminal type
on CIS set to VIDTEX, then you will see some wierd letters on your screen 
because your VIDTEX emulator is not running, therefor, you might want to
log on and add ",TTY" to your id number. This will make CIS not send
the Vidtex control codes for this session only. Exmaple: 76703,717,TTY
Will make CIS think your terminal is a standard TTY.)

When you have the pictuure you want on the screen, you press C= 6
(Commodore key & 6) to dump to the printer. Please make sure your printer
is on line, or the program might hang. 
To inverse the image (white to black/black to white) Press the C= \ (english
pound) keys and then dump the pictuure (c= 6) again.
The CBTRLE routine will read the screen, crunch the data and send it to the
printer as ASCII characters.

GREY SCALE CONTROL
------------------
There are 17 possible values (4 x 4 hi-res pixels crunched into one value, 
making 0 thru 16) that can be produced. These are translated by a table lookup
into 1 of 9 possible characters. (blank ' . / : % $ # *)
This is the present table inside CBTRLE

Value       Character
-----       ----------
 0          (space)	Lightest Character
 1            '
 2            '
 3            .
 4            .
 5            /
 6            /
 7            :
 8            :
 9            %
10            %
11            $
12            $
13            #
14            #
15            *
16            *		Darkest Character

You may wish to change this table to suit your own printer, or just to
try different values for different results. The table is located at
49390 to 49406. After you load CBTRLE you can poke different values for
ASCII characters into the table to change it.


If there are any questions or comments on CBTRLE or CBterm/C64, please
leave a message to SYSOP in the CBIG SIG. 
 Thank you
     -Chrisdos CBIG SYSOP 
       [76703,717]

VT52 terminal emulator overlay for CBterm/C64
     (c) 1986 by Chrisdos. All rights reserved.

            Ver 1.0

 The CBTT52 program is an overlay routine for CBterm that will allow
CBterm to emulate some functions of a VT52 terminal.
	To use, simply LOAD"CBTT52",8,1
	Then: NEW
	Then LOAD"CBTERM" and RUN.
 CBterm will find CBTT52 in memory and install it. The version number will
read V4T5.

The following VT52 control codes are supported:
	<ESC> A		Cursor Up
	<ESC> B		Cursor Down
	<ESC> C		Cursor Right
	<ESC> D		Cursor Left
	<ESC> H		Cursor Home
	<ESC> J		Clear to End of Screen
	<ESC> K		Clear to End of Line
	<ESC> Ylc	Set Cursor to line, column
	<ESC> n		Normal Video Characters
	<ESC> o		Reverse Video Characters

<ESC> I (Reverse Line Feed) and <ESC> Z (Ident) are not supported in this
version.

 2 other local control keys have been redefined in addition to CBterms
normal C= controls. These are C= (English Pound) - Toggle EVEN/ODD Parity,
and C= 6 - Send BREAK SIGNAL.

The VT52 emulator starts up in EVEN Parity. Pressing C= (English Pound) will
switch to ODD Parity. Pressing again will toggle back to EVEN, etc. This
refers to th	TRANSMITTED bytes only. CBterm ignors recieved parity.

Pressing the C= 6 control keys will cause a BREAK signal of 250ms to be sent.

For more information or help with this or any CBterm program, leave a
message to SYSOP in the Compuserve CBIG sig. (Go CBIG)
. -Chrisdos
/* calendar.c */
/* print monthly calendar */

#include <stdio.h>

#define CLS       147
#define VERTLINE  124
#define PRINTCHN  5

/* printer constants below */

#define FF        12
#define EXPAND    14
#define NORMAL    15

main ()
al);
  printcal (month,fullyear,cal);
(wkday,numdays,cal)
unsigned wkday, numdays, cal[][6];



PRINTCHN,"%s\n",horzline);

  for (row = 0; row < 6; row++)
    oldepth < 5; coldepth++)
       out: reference number
 *      (# days past reference date)
 * ====================================
 */

dayno (month, day, year)
int month, day, year;

5;
         if ((i % 4) == 0)
            days ++;
       number (1-12)     
 * out: pointer to name of month 
 * ====================================
 */

monthname (monthno)
unsigned monthno;

a month
 * ------------------------------------
 * in:  month, year                 
 * out: number of days in that month 
 * ====================================
 */

nodays (month, year)
unsigned month, year;


 * calculate day of week for date 
 * ------------------------------------
 * in:  month, day, year 
 * out: day of week (0=Sun ... 6=Sat) 
 * ====================	==============
 */

weekday (month, day, year)
unsigned month, day, year;

ay %= 7;
   wkday += refwkday;

   if (wkday > 6)
      wkday -= 7;

   return (wkday);

cdt.fix
Modifications to CDT for the C64 - 5/8/88
 
CDT (C Debugging Tool), by Alan Yorinks, is a program (found elsewhere in the
data libraries as CDT128.ARC) written with C-Power (Power C) and designed
to run under the shell.  It provides several ML monitor-type functions useful
for debugging C programs.  The program was written for and tested on the C128
only, although the author believed it could be used on the C64 as well. I have
now modified it and tested it on the C64; this document describes the minor
corrections required to allow CDT to run on the C64. The main purpose of these
changes is to omit the 'bank' option required on the C128. This option is
not used on the C64.
 
The following changes need to be made to the source files listed before
compiling:
 
dbug.h
------
The last line should read:
 
#define POKE(A,V) ...
              --
instead of:
 
#define POKE(A) ...
 
cdt.c
-----
In the section with the switch clause, there are five statements with the
format:
 
      if ( (argc - count) < ?)
 
where ? represents a number (2, 3, or 4).  This number needs to be decreased by
one (to 1, 2, or 3) in each of the five statem	ts.
 
getargs.c
---------
The four lines which read:
 
     #ifndef C64
 
are in the wrong place.  Each needs to be moved immediately above the preceding
'if' line.
 
For example, in the 'case DUMP & DASMBL' section, the order should be:
 
     EADDR(dsdmp) = ...
#ifndef C64 (new location)
     if ( (rc = strlen ...
     (open brace)
        return ARGERR;
     (closed brace)
(#ifndef C64 was here; needs to be moved up)
     BANK(dsdmp) = ...
#endif
 
Please send any questions or comments to me via EasyPl	.
 
Steve Grace
70726,306
CardFile.64 is a simple database 
program written in BASIC and listable.
Designed for a monochrome monitor, 
but you can make color changes to
suit yourself.  User Friendly.
Written for Tape Users, but simple
changes in the program can modify it
for disk users.  Uses sequential 
files.
      
Features include:  display records
in memory, add records,update records
and search; delete records, load
files, save files, checking for
available memory at any time so that
you don't run out of room.
        
Specify your fields (6) in the
program at lines 120-170.  Field 1
is your Key Search Field.  That,
also can be changed.  Feel free
to use program any way you like.
    
Copies may be distributed freely, but
may not be sold!
     
Uses about 8K of memory.  And YOU
can add another menu option to print
the records.  
    
Your comments are welcome.
     
Challenge:  how about writing a
machine language version and uploading
it to the xa2 database???
   
If there is a line 9999 in the program
then please delete it.  It serves
no purpose.
    
Enjoy!  Comments may be sent to:
           Ray Thigpen
           73346,213
              Please us	EMAIL.
     
Program name on this database is:
    
           CFILE.IMG
   

NEW LIBRARY FEATURES SOFTWARE
Please go to the New Member Help Forum (GO HELPFORUM) or Customer
Service Feedback (GO FEEDBACK) with any questions.


SUMMARY:
Beginning in mid-March, CompuServe forums are being changed to add new
features to the libraries, change the charges of sending mail from
forums, and fix some problems in the forum software. Highlights of
these changes include:

     - Expansion of file names to 8.3
     - Addition of uploader names to file descriptions
     - Sending mail from an extended service forum is free of postage charges
     - Messages that scroll from a forum in less than one week and messages
        that sysops send from a forum will be sent free of postage charges
     - Change of format of library terminal emulation commands and addition
        of INVentory command
     - Addition of a copyright agreement prompt when contributing files


EXPLANATION OF ALL CHANGES
I.   File descriptions
II.  Terminal emulation library commands/new command
III. New upload prompt
IV.  Mail from forums


I. FILE DESCRIPTIONS
--------------------
All of the following parts of a file's description have been expanded to allow
more room:

FILENAME: Filenames can now be up to eight characters long, a period, then up
to three characters in the extension (for example, FILENAME.TXT). This is an
increase in size of two characters. All files that were uploaded before this
upgrade will keep their original name; files can also be less than 8.3
characters long.

CONTRIBUTOR: File descriptions will now display the contributor's name as well
as User ID. This name is captured from the contributor's forum name at the
time he or she uploads the file. If the contributor changes his or her name
later, the change will not be recorded in the file without modification by
the sysop.

FILE SIZE: While there is no limit to the size of a library file, the amount
of room that is reserved in file descriptions for size is being expanded to
999 megs.

ACCESS COUNT: No hard limit is set for the count of the number of times a file
has been downloaded, but descriptions are being expanded to allow up to
999,999 downloads.

The following parts of a file description have not been changed: submitted
date, file type, title, keywords, and description (abstract).


II.  TERMINAL EMULATION LIBRARY COMMANDS/NEW COMMAND
----------------------------------------------------
These changes in the file description fields (file name, contributor name,
etc) means that the format for the displays of these files will be different.

CIM, CSNav, and other HMI programs:
Members using the CompuServe Information Manager will be able to use 8.3
filenames and expanded file sizes and download counts with no problems. They
will not see contributor names as part of a file's description until later
CIM versions, which will support the new information. Members using CSNav
will be able to upload 8.3 filenames and see contributor names in the next
version of the software.

Other programs:
In terminal emulation, the BROWSE, DIRECTORY, and LIST commands will have
modified formats, and a new command, INVENTORY, has been added to allow quick
listings of the files in a forum.

*BROWSE format example*

   [76703,4363] Mike Schoenbach [SYSOP]
   POLICIES.TXT
     Text, Bytes:123456789, Count:321019, 30-Oct-94(15-Nov-94)
   
     Title   : Practice Forum Rules & Operating Procedures
     Keywords: PRACTICE FORUM GUIDELINE POLICY RULES OPERATING PROCEDURE
               AGREEMENT
   
     This file outlines the purpose and design of the Practice Forum, our
     Forum Rules and Operating Procedures, and the entire agreement between
     you and the Forum Administrator concerning your participation in this
     Forum.

*DIR format example*

   [76703,4363] Mike Schoenbach [SYSOP]
   POLICIES.TXT
     Text, Bytes:123456789, Count:321019, 30-Oct-94(15-Nov-94)

*LIST format example*

   POLICIES.TXT  2
     1234.5K 15-Nov-94 Practice Forum Rules & Operating Procedures

*INV format example*
   POLICIES.TXT 2 123K   Practice Forum Rules & Operating Procedures


The BROwse and DIRectory commands will continue to always show the file size
in bytes. The LIST and INV commands will now display sizes as b for bytes, K
for kilobytes, or M for megabytes depending on the file's size.

   Command  File size    Format     Examples
   -------  ---------    ---------  ---------------
   BRO      all          bytes      Bytes:123456789
   
   DIR      all          bytes      Bytes:123456789
   
   LIST     1 - 9999     bytes      1234b
            10K - 9999K  Kilobytes  1234.5K
            10M - 999M   Megs       123.3M

   INV      1-999        bytes      999b
            1K-999K      Kilobytes  999K
            1M-999M      Megs       999M

Members who are using automated programs (such as TapCIS, OzCIS, and AutoSig)
will need to update their software to properly view the new formats. Contact
the software's authors to find out what versions you need and how to upgrade.


III. NEW UPLOAD PROMPT
----------------------
With this new version of forum software, new copyright information will be
displayed when members upload files. Members will now be asked to type
"agree" to state that they have authorization to distribute the file they are
uploading. The new copyright notice will read:

     Copyrighted information must not be placed on the
     Service without the permission of the owner or
     persons specifically authorized to grant this
     permission.  You must either have the right to
     use and distribute information of another, or
     have created the Information and be the owner of
     it to be assured that your upload does not
     violate copyright and other applicable laws.  By
     proceeding with an upload you represent and
     agree that you are the owner of it, or are acting
     with the specific permission of the owner or
     other person authorized to grant these rights.
     
     
             Do you Agree? (AGREE/<CR>) 

Members who use terminal emulation programs or automated programs will begin
seeing this new information immediately, and members who use automated
programs (such as TapCIS, OzCIS, or AutoSIG) will need to upgrade to a new
version of software to upload files. Contact the software's authors to find
out what versions you need and how to upgrade.

Members using programs such as the CompuServe Information Manager, CSNav, or
some versions of OzWIN will be including the new copyright information and
the agree prompt in their next versions. Contact the authors to find out when
the next versions will be released with this copyright information.

This change will not affect members' ability to use automated programs to
schedule an upload while not connected to CompuServe. The new programs will
include this prompt at the time members enter in all the rest of the upload
information in their updated versions; members will not have to be at the
keyboard at the time of the upload.


IV.  MAIL FROM FORUMS
---------------------
The upcoming forum software that's bringing 8.3 filenames and contributor
names to the libraries is also going to include some changes to charges for
forum messages that are sent via mail. The method of charging for mail and
forwarded messages from forums will change. This is the new way that
forwarded, composed, or scrolled messages are charged:

     Cost of        Scroll            Compose
     Forum          to Mail           to Mail
     --------       -------           -------
     Basic/Free     No mail charge    *Postage Due
         
     Extended
     Service/       Postage due if    No mail charge
     Connect        >7 days old
     Charge             

     * Mail sent from free forums by members with sponsored accounts
       or free flags will always arrive free in members' mailboxes,
       in both free and extended forums.

MESSAGES THAT SCROLL TO MAIL
When the oldest message in a forum is about to be deleted to make room for new
messages and the addressee of the message has not read it yet, some forums will
send a copy of that message to the recipient's mailbox.

Messages will always scroll to mail free of charge from free forums.

In an Extended Service (connect time charged) forum, if the scrolling message
is seven days old or less, it will arrive in the member's mailbox free of
charge. If the message has been in the forum for more than seven days, it
will be sent to the member postage due.

Also, the subject line of the mail message will now be the same as the subject
that the message had in the forum. Currently, the mail's subject is "Message
scrolled from XX Forum," which frequently caused confusion when members
replied to the mail without changing the subject. The text of the message
will continue to begin with "This message has scrolled to you from the XX
Forum," and the full header of the message will be included in the text of
the message. The first line of the header will be indented one space in the
message to prevent the number sign (#) from confusing automated programs.

COMPOSING/SENDING A MESSAGE VIA MAIL FROM A FORUM
Mail sent from free forums will arrive postage due. When members choose to
send a CompuServe Mail message from an Extended Service forum, the mail will
arrive free of charge.

Mail sent by a member with a sponsored account or a free flag in a forum will
always arrive in the recipient's mailbox free of charge.


copyright CompuServe Incorporated, March, 1995.


                                FORUM SOFTWARE
                                  VERSION 4D

                           COMPLETE COMMAND LISTING

                                      by
                         Mike Schoenbach [76703,4363]

                            Updated:  May 15, 1989

                                  SECTION I
                               FORUM COMMANDS

The following commands (referred to as "universal" commands) are
supported at any navigational command prompt in the Forum.  A
navigational command prompt is denoted by an explanation point
("!") as CompuServe's prompt character.

Cmd. Abbr.     Full Command                  Explanation
==========     ============                  ===========

CON            CONFERENCE                    Enter the electronic
                                             conference area of the Forum.

FIND           FIND                          Find a topic on CompuServe.

G              GO                            Go to another product/service
                                             on CompuServe.

HELP           HELP                          Receive detailed help of valid
                                             commands available at whatever
                                             command prompt you enter the
                                             "HELP" command at.

LIB            LIBRARY                       Enter the Forum Libraries
                                             area.

LOG            LOGIN                         Log off and return to
                                             CompuServe's "User ID:"
                                             command prompt.

M              MENU                          Returns to previous menu.

MES            MESSAGES                      Enter the message area of the
                                             Forum.

OFF            OFF                           Logoff CompuServe.

OPT            OPTIONS                       Enter the user options area of
                                             the Forum (where settings are
                                             customized to your individual
                                             preferences).

PER            PER                           Exit to Personal File Area
                                             (menu mode).

PRO            PRO                           Exit to Personal File Area
                                             (command mode).

QUO            QUOTE                         View current stock quote(s)
                                             (This command is SURCHARGED:
                                             $0.07/quote during market
                                             hours; $0.02/quote after
                                             market hours).

R              RESEND                        Resend current page.

S              SCROLL                        Scroll output (if you are set
                                             to PAGED output).

SET            SET                           Set and adjust terminal
                                             settings for current
                                             session only.

T              TOP                           Exit to CompuServe's top menu.

UST            USTATUS                       View a listing of other
                                             members who are currently
                                             online in the Forum with you.

WEA            WEATHER                       View your local weather
                                             forecast.

WHO            WHO                           Find out when a specified
                                             member last visited the Forum
                                             (cross reference User ID for a
                                             name).

?              ?                             Receive short command summary
                                             of valid commands available at
                                             whatever command prompt you
                                             enter the "?" at.

The following commands are supported at the main Forum menu or
"Forum !" command prompt.  All command words can be abbreviated to
the first three letters of the "Full Command" word, or even smaller
in some cases (see the "Cmd Abbr." column for the smallest possible
abbreviation of all commands).

Cmd Abbr.      Full Command                  Explanation
=========      ============                  ===========
(All universal commands are supported at this menu/command prompt)

A              ANNOUNCEMENTS                 View Forum announcement files
                                             (Announcements include: News
                                             Flash, General, Messages,
                                             Conference, Library,
                                             Membership Information, Sysop
                                             Roster, New Member Info).

COM            COMPOSE                       Compose a message for the
                                             Forum's message board.

CO             CONFERENCE                    Enter conference area.

CO#            CONFERENCE #                  Enter conference area and go
                                             directly to specified
                                             conference room (#).

DE             DESCRIPTIONS                  View Conference Room(s),
                                             Libraries, and Message
                                             Section(s) descriptions.

EX             EXIT                          Exit Forum.

I              INSTRUCTIONS                  Enter electronic Forum
                                             instructions facility.

LIB            LIBRARY                       Enter Forum Libraries.

LIB#           LIBRARY #                     Enter specified Forum Library
                                             (#).

MES            MESSAGES                      Enter Forum Message area
                                             (communicate through
                                             correspondence with other
                                             Forum members).

MEM            MEMBERSHIP                    Enter Forum Membership
                                             Directory facility.

NA             NAMES                         View Conference Room, Library,
                                             and Message Section names.

NE             NEW                           View text file outlining
                                             latest changes in CompuServe's
                                             Forum software.

OP             OPTIONS                       Enter Forum User Options area
                                             (customize settings to your
                                             own preference).

REA            READ                          Read Forum Messages (see
                                             Section II of this file:
                                             REA/BRO syntax for more
                                             information).

WH             WHO                           Cross reference name for User
                                             ID.

WH 7####,##    WHO 7####,##                  Cross reference name for
                                             specified User ID.

U              ULOG                          View Forum users entry log.

The following commands are supported at the Messages menu or
"Messages !" command prompt.

Cmd Abbr.      Full Command                  Explanation
=========      ============                  ===========
(All universal commands are supported at this menu/command prompt)

A              ANNOUNCEMENTS                 View Forum Announcements.

BR             BROWSE                        Browse messages (see Section
                                             II of this file: REA/BRO
                                             syntax for more information).

COM            COMPOSE                       Compose a message.

CH             CHANGE                        Change AGE selection to:
                                             NEW  - New messages
                                             ALL  - All messages
                                             DAYS - Specified numb of days
                                             STA  - Specified starting #

DES            DESCRIPTIONS                  View Conference Room(s),
                                             Libraries, and Message
                                             Section(s) descriptions.

HI             HIGH                          Manually set or change high
                                             message counter to a new
                                             specified number (enter "D" to
                                             restore high message counter
                                             used at the beginning of the
                                             session; enter "L" to change
                                             to number of last message on
                                             board).

I              INSTRUCTIONS                  Enter electronic instructions
                                             facility.

NA             NAMES                         View Conference Rooms,
                                             Libraries, and Message Section
                                             names.

REA            READ                          Read Forum messages (see
                                             Section II of this file:
                                             REA/BRO syntax for more
                                             information).

SE             SELECT                        Select messages you wish to
                                             read by section/subject
                                             through a series of menu
                                             choices.

SCA            SCAN                          Scan Forum messages (see
                                             Section III of this file: SCAN
                                             syntax for more information).

U              UPLOAD                        Upload a message to the Forum
                                             message board using an error-
                                             checking file transfer
                                             protocol.

The following commands are supported at the Member Directory menu
or "Member Directory !" command prompt.

Cmd Abbr.      Full Command                  Explanation
=========      ============                  ===========
(All universal commands are supported at this menu/command prompt)

AD             ADD                           Add/update your interests.

D              DELETE                        Delete your entry.

I              INTEREST                      Search by interest.

L              LIST                          List your entry.

N              NAME                          Search by name.

US             USERID                        Search by User ID.

The following commands are supported at the User Options menu:

Cmd Abbr.      Full Command                  Explanation
=========      ============                  ===========
(All universal commands are supported at this menu's command
prompt)

CH             CHARACTER                     Set a new prompt character
                                             (character that will be
                                             displayed whenever CompuServe
                                             requires your input).

E              EDITOR                        Set a new Forum editor (an
                                             asterisk denotes your profile
                                             setting; other choices
                                             include: EDIT and LINEDIT).

HI             HIGH                          Manually change your high
                                             message pointer.

I              INITIAL                       Select which area of the Forum
                                             you wish to default to upon
                                             entering the Forum (choices
                                             include: Forum menu,
                                             Messages menu, Library menu,
                                             Conference menu).

MO             MODE                          Set Forum interface mode
                                             (asterisk denotes profile
                                             setting; other choices
                                             include: MENU and COMMAND).

N              NAME                          Change the name you use in the
                                             Forum (this user option may be
                                             disabled by the sysop in some
                                             Forums).

P              PERMANENT                     Make all changes you made
                                             permanent (until further
                                             notice).

PA             PAUSE                         Pause between messages
                                             (choices: ALWAYS, NEVER,
                                             messages TO YOU).

RE             REPLIES                       List reply information after
                                             reading a message (choices:
                                             COUNT, NONE, LIST numbers).

S              SESSION                       Make all changes you made for
                                             current session only.

SEC            SECTIONS                      Set default message sections
                                             to read (this option is
                                             automatically considered
                                             "permanent" until you change
                                             it in the future).

SK             SKIP                          Skip reading messages that you
                                             posted (YES or NO).

TY             TYPE                          Type waiting messages
                                             automatically upon entering
                                             the Forum (YES or NO).

The following commands are supported at the Library menu or "LIB !"
command prompt.

Cmd Abbr.      Full Command                  Explanation
=========      ============                  ===========
(All universal commands are supported at this menu/command prompt)

ANN            ANNOUNCEMENTS                 View Forum Announcements.

BRO            BROWSE                        Browse through Library files
                                             (see Section V of this file:
                                             LIBRARY PARAMETERS for more
                                             information).

DIR            DIRECTORY                     Directory of files (see
                                             Section V of this file:
                                             LIBRARY PARAMETERS for more
                                             information).

DOW            DOWNLOAD                      Download a file from the
                                             Library (see Section VI of
                                             this file: UPLOAD and DOWNLOAD
                                             syntax for more information).

ERA            ERASE                         Erase a file you uploaded to
                                             the Library.

INS            INSTRUCTIONS                  Enter electronic instructions
                                             facility.

KEY            KEYWORDS                      View a list of all the
                                             keywords assigned to the
                                             various files within the
                                             Library.

R              READ                          Read an ASCII text file.

R filnam.ext   READ filnam.ext               Read specified (filnam.ext)
                                             file.

S              SCAN                          Scan files in the Library (see
                                             Section V of this file:
                                             LIBRARY PARAMETERS for more
                                             information).

UPL            UPLOAD                        Upload a file -- FREE OF
                                             CONNECT CHARGES -- to the
                                             Library (see Section VI of
                                             this file: UPLOAD and DOWNLOAD
                                             syntax for more information).

The following commands are supported at the message disposition
("Read action !", "Enter <CR> for more or type CHOICES !") command
prompt:

Cmd Abbr.      Full Command                  Explanation
=========      ============                  ===========
(All universal commands are supported at this menu/command prompt)

CH             CHOICES                       View menu of command choices.

COM            COMPOSE                       Reply to author of current
                                             message, but do not include
                                             reply as part of the current
                                             thread (new subject and/or
                                             new section).

D              DELETE                        Delete current message.

MA             MARK                          Mark message for later
                                             retrieval with READ MARK
                                             command.

NEX            NEXT                          Read next reply.

NEX SUB        NEXT SUBJECT                  Go on to next subject.

P              PARENT                        Read parent (previous)
                                             message.

REA            READ REPLY                    Read all replies to current
                                             message.

RE             REPLY                         Reply to current message.

RER            REREAD                        Reread current message.

RO             ROOT                          Read root (first) message of
                                             current thread.

SC             SCROLL                        Scroll messages (no not prompt
                                             for input after each
                                             individual message is
                                             displayed).

The following commands are supported at the Post Action menu or
"Post action !" command prompt (after composing a message):

Cmd Abbr.      Full Command                  Explanation
=========      ============                  ===========
(All universal commands are supported at this menu/command prompt)

C              CANCEL                        Cancel (abort composing)
                                             message.

E              EDIT                          Edit message.

MA             MAIL                          Mail message via EasyPlex.

PO             POST                          Post message on message board
                                             (see Section IV of this file:
                                             POST PARAMETERS for more
                                             information).

PR             PREVIEW                       Preview message as it will
                                             appear according to your line
                                             length settings.

PR W:##        PREVIEW WIDTH:##              Preview message as it will
                                             appear with specified (##)
                                             line length.

TY             TYPE                          Type message unformatted.

The following commands are supported at the LINEDIT Edit menu or
"Edit !" command prompt.

Cmd Abbr.      Full Command                  Explanation
=========      ============                  ===========
(All universal commands are supported at this menu/command prompt)

CH             CHANGE                        Change a line of text.

MA             MAIL                          Mail message via EasyPlex.

P              POST                          Post message (see Section IV
                                             of this file: POST PARAMETERS
                                             for more information).

REP            REPLACE                       Replace a line of text.

TY             TYPE                          Type (display) composed
                                             message.

The following commands are supported within the EDIT message
editor.  Please note that all commands MUST be entered at the
beginning of a brand new line.

Command        Example                       Explanation
=======        =======                       ===========

/A             /A/text                       (Append) adds specified "text"
                                             to the end of the current
                                             line.

/B             /B                            (Bottom) moves the line
                                             pointer to the last line of
                                             text in the message.

/C             /C/old-text/new-text          (Change) changes specified
                                             "old-text" string to specified
                                             "new-text" string within the
                                             current text line.

/D             /D# (example: /D3)            (Delete) erases the number of
                                             lines you specify (#) starting
                                             with the current line.

/EXIT          /EXIT                         Exits the message editor.

/HELP          /HELP                         Enter EDIT help facility.

/L             /L/text                       (Locate) moves the line
                                             pointer to the next line that
                                             contains the specified "text"
                                             string.

/N             /N# (example: /N3 and /N-3)   (Next) moves the line pointer
                                             up or down the number of lines
                                             you specify (#).  For example,
                                             /N3 moves the line pointer
                                             down three lines and /N-3
                                             moves the line pointer up
                                             three lines.

/P             /P# (example: /P3)            (Print) displays the number of
                                             lines you specify (#),
                                             beginning with the current
                                             line of text.

/POS           /POS# (example: /POS5)        (Position) moves the line
                                             pointer to the specified line
                                             number (#).

/POST          /POST                         (Post) post message (see
                                             Section IV of this file: POST
                                             PARAMETERS for more
                                             information).  Note SLASH must
                                             be included!

/T             /T                            (Top) move line pointer to the
                                             very top of the message (right
                                             before the first line of
                                             text).

/TYPE          /TYPE                         (Type) displays entire
                                             message.

/UPLOAD        /UPLOAD                       (Upload) Upload message into
                                             editor using one of the
                                             various CompuServe-supported
                                             error-checking file transfer
                                             protocols.

/W             /W                            (Where) displays current line
                                             number.

==========================================================================

                                SECTION II
                          REA/BRO COMMAND SYNTAX:

   Command                     Optional Parameters

READ or BROWSE  [DIRECTION] [AGE] [SEARCH CRITERIA:] [MESSAGE SECTIONS:]
                 FORWARD     NEW           FROM:         SECTIONS:
                 THREAD      DAYS:##         TO:
                 REVERSE (*) ALL        SUBJECT:
                 WAITING (*) STARTING:##
                 MARKED  (*)

All the above commands and parameters can be abbreviated to their
first three letters (e.g., REA FOR NEW FRO:76703,4363 SEC:2,3,4).

If a parameter is not specified the default setting will be used. 
All parameters that are specified in your READ or BROWSE command line
will only effect your current READ or BROWSE command and will not alter
your session or permanent settings.

You can not specify [AGE] or [SEARCH CRITERIA] parameters when using the
REVERSE, WAITING, and MARKED "direction" parameters.

   [DIRECTION]
      FORWARD  =  Forward numerical order
      THREAD   =  Thread order
      REVERSE  =  Reverse numerical order
      WAITING  =  Waiting messages addressed to your User ID
      MARKED   =  Messages you marked for later retrieval

      [AGE]
       NEW     =  New Messages above your current High Message Pointer
       DAYS:## =  Only specified (##) days worth of messages
       ALL     =  All messages on the entire board
       STA:##  =  Starting from specified message number (##)

 [SEARCH CRITERIA]
      FROM:xx  =  Messages from specified users name or User ID
        TO:xx  =  Messages address to specified users name or User ID
       SUB:xx  =  Messages that contain specified subject string

    [SECTIONS]
     SEC:#,#,# =  Messages in specified (#,#,#) sections

                                 Examples:

                                  REA WAI
                          (READ WAITING messages)

                                  REA MAR
                          (READ MARKED messages)

                                  REA ALL
                    (READ ALL messages on entire board)

                            REA ALL SEC:2,9,10
                (READ ALL messages in SECTIONS 2, 9 and 10)

                          REA NEW FRO:76703,4363
               (READ NEW messages FROM: User ID 76703,4363)

                        REA NEW TO:76703,4363 SEC:2
      (READ NEW messages in SECTION 2 addressed TO: User ID 76703,4363)

                                REA DAYS:3
           (READ ALL messages posted during the last three DAYS)

                   REA FOR DAYS:2 SUB:"Atari Computers"
  (READ ALL messages posted during the last two DAYS in FORWARD numerical
            order that contain the SUBJECT: "Atari Computers")

                               REA REV LAST
        (READ REVERSE starting with the last message on the board)

                      * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

                                SECTION III
                            SCAN COMMAND SYNTAX

The SCAn command accepts the same command syntax as REAd and BROwse
with the added parameter of PROMPT (PRO) which will tell the software
to PROMPT you after displaying the header for each message.  You will
be prompted to: Continue, Read, or Mark message for later retrieval.

                                 Examples:

                                  SCA WAI
                          (SCAN WAITING messages)

                                  SCA MAR
                          (SCAN MARKED messages)

                        SCA ALL FRO:76703,4363 PRO
   (SCAN ALL messages FROM: 76703,4363 and PROMPT for disposition after
                            displaying header)

==========================================================================

                                 SECTION IV
                              POST PARAMETERS

POST [UNFORMATTED] [PRIVATE] [SECTION:] [TO:] [SUBJECT]

   [UNFORMATTED]
            UNF = Include the "UNF" parameter to post the message
                  "unformatted" where it will be displayed to all
                  users exactly the way you typed it in.
       [PRIVATE]
            PRI = Include the "PRI" parameter to post a message
                  privately where only the author of the message and
                  the addressee can read it.  NOTE: Not all Forums
                  have Private messages enabled.

      [SECTION:]
         SEC:## = Include the "SEC:##" parameter (where ## is the
                  section number you want the message to be posted in)
                  to bypass the sections menu.

           [TO:]
        TO:xxxx = Include the "TO:xxxx" parameter (where "xxxx" is a
                  Users name and/or User ID) to address a message
                  in your POST command line.  NOTE: This parameter can only
                  be used if you are COMposing a message -- not in
                  REPly mode.

      [SUBJECT:]
       SUB:xxxx = Include the "SUB:xxxx" parameter (where "xxxx" is the
                  message's 'title' or 'subject') to bypass the
                  "Subject:" prompt.

                                 Examples:

          POS PRI SEC:2 SUB:Hello! TO:Mike Schoenbach 76703,4363
  (POST a PRIVATE message in SECTION 2 addressed TO Mike Schoenbach
                  76703,4363 with the SUBJECT "Hello")

                                  POS UNF
                        (POST message UNFORMATTED)

                         POS SUB:New Thread SEC:1
      (POST this message with the SUBJECT "New Thread" in SECTION 2)

========================================================================

                                 SECTION V
                            LIBRARY PARAMETERS

SCAN or DIRECTORY or BROWSE [FILNAM.EXT] [AGE:] [KEYWORD:] [DESCRIPTION]

  [FILNAM.EXT]
      FILNAM     =  SCA/DIR/BRO file(s) that have FILNAM as the
                    "base" filename despite the filename's extender.
      FILNAM.EXT =  SCA/DIR/BRO file(s) that are called FILNAM.EXT
      FIL*.*     =  SCA/DIR/BRO file(s) that have a filename which
                    begins with the 'FIL' letter combination.
      *.*        =  All files in alphabetical order

      [AGE:##]
         AGE:##  =  SCA/DIR/BRO file(s) that were uploaded during
                    the past ## days.
        DAYS:##  =  Same as AGE:

    [KEYWORD:]
   KEY:"keyword" =  SCA/DIR/BRO of all files that contain the
                    specified "keyword" in the KEYWORDS: field of the
                    file description.

 [DESCRIPTION]
           DES   =  This parameter only works in conjunction with the
                    SCAN/DIRECTORY command (not BROWSE).  It tells
                    CompuServe to include the complete description for
                    each file during a SCAN or DIRECTORY command.

                                 Examples:

                              BRO CONVRT.OBJ
              (Only BROWSE file with the filename CONVRT.OBJ)

                              BRO KEY:"BASIC"
              (BROWSE files that contain the KEYWORD "BASIC")

                            SCA *.* AGE:20 DES
    (SCAN all files that were uploaded during the last 20 DAYS [AGE]. 
 Display files in ALPHABETICAL order and include a full file DESCRIPTION)

                           BRO KEY:"TSR" AGE:30
  (BROWSE files that contain the KEYWORD: "TSR" and were uploaded during
                          the past 30 DAYS [AGE])

                       * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

                                SECTION VI
                           UPLOAD AND DOWNLOAD

UPLOAD or DOWNLOAD [FILNAM.EXT] [PROTOCOL:] [TYPE:]

   [FILNAM.TXT]
     FILNAM.TXT = Files FULL filename

    [PROTOCOL:]
      PROTO:XMO = Xmodem Protocol
      PROTO:CAP = ASCII capture (no protocol)
      PROTO:A   = "A" Protocol
      PROTO:B   = "B" Protocol
      PROTO:QB  = Quick "B" protocol
      PROTO:KER = Kermit Protocol

    [TYPE:]
      TYPE:BIN  = Binary (8-Bit) Data
      TYPE:ASC  = ASCII (7-Bit) Data
      TYPE:RLE  = RLE Graphic File
      TYPE:NAP  = NAPLPS Graphic File
      TYPE:GIF  = GIF Graphic File

                                 Examples:

                      UPL CONDO.TXT PROTO:B TYPE:ASC
  (UPLOAD an ASCII [7-Bit] text files named CONDO.TXT using 'B' PROTOCOL)

                     UPL MYPIC.RLE PROTO:XMO TYPE:RLE
   (UPLOAD an RLE graphics file called MYPIC.RLE using XMODEM PROTOCOL).

                           DOW BIO.TXT PROTO:CAP
  (DOWNLOAD a file named BIO.TXT using standard ASCII CAPTURE -- no error
                            checking protocol)

========================================================================

This file is current as of version 4D(72) of the Forum Software. 
Corrections and updates will be made by Mike Schoenbach [76703,4363] or
the Sysop of this Forum as necessary.

Mike Schoenbach is the Primary Forum Administrator of CompuServe's Free
Practice Forum (GO PRACTICE) and an assistant Forum Administrator in the
Atari 8-Bit Forum (GO ATARI8), Atari ST Arts and Entertainment Forum (GO
ATARIARTS), Atari ST Productivity Forum (GO ATARIPRO), and Atari Vendors
Support Forum (GO ATARIVEN).

In addition, Mike also maintains CompuServe's National Modem-to-Modem
Game Players' Challenge Board (GO CHALLENGE).
    
     =====================================================================
                         CREATIVE MICRO DESIGNS, INC.
                   Product Price List effective Aug. 8, 1993
     =====================================================================
    
     The prices presented in this document are correct and complete to the
     best of our knowledge as of the date given above. However, Creative
     Micro Designs, Inc. cannot be held liable for typographical errors,
     and due to price fluctuation on some items we further reserve the
     right to adust pricing and shipping when necessary. Some items may
     not be in stock at all times, or may sell out completely. Therefore,
     availability and prices are subject to change without notice. Prices
     do not include shipping, unless so noted. See shipping information
     at the end of the list.
    
     Note: Items marked with an asterisk (*) are new or changed. Items
           with (SO) in the description are Special Order items requiring
           approximately 2 to 3 weeks for delivery.
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 14        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 00:57 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                             CMD HARDWARE PRODUCTS
     =====================================================================
    
     JiffyDOS Systems (includes ROMs for one computer and one disk drive)
      64-xxxx     JiffyDOS 64 System (xxxx = drive type, see list)   49.95
      64V4-xxxx   JiffyDOS 64C System (xxxx = drive type, see list)  49.95
       (Specify computer serial number on all 64 systems)
      64-SX       JiffyDOS SX-64 System                              49.95
       (Includes drive ROM for internal 1541)
      128-xxxx    JiffyDOS 128 System (xxxx = drive type, see list)  59.95
      128-D       JiffyDOS 128D System                               59.95
       (Includes drive ROM for internal 1571)
    
     JiffDOS Drive DOS ROMs
      1541        Commodore 1541                                     24.95
      1541C       Commodore 1541C                                    24.95
      1541II      Commodore 1541-II                                  24.95
      1571        Commodore 1571 Excel 2001                          24.95
      1571D       Commodore 1571CR (1571 in C128-D)                  24.95
      1581        Commodore 1581                                     24.95
      2000        Enhancer 2000                                      24.95
      BCD128      Bluechip BCD128                                    24.95
      BCD525      Bluechip BCD5.25                                   24.95
      CSD1        Cardco SD1                                         24.95
      FD148       Amtech or Swan FD-148                              24.95
      FD168       Amtech or Swan FD-168                              24.95
      FSD1        FSD-1                                              24.95
      FSD2        Excellerator+ FSD-2                                24.95
      INDUS       Indus GT                                           24.95
      MSD         MSD-1 or MSD-2                                     24.95
      RF501       Amtech or Swan RF501                               24.95
      RF512       Amtech or Swan RF512                               24.95
    
     JiffyDOS Computer Kernal ROMs (as sold separately)
      64          JiffyDOS 64 Kernal ROM                             32.95
      64V4        JiffyDOS 64C Kernal ROM                            32.95
       (Specify computer serial number for all 64 Kernal ROMs)
      128         JiffyDOS 128 Kernal ROM                            42.95
      128D-K      JiffyDOS 128D Kernal ROM                           42.95
    
    
     RAMLink Packages (prices may fluctuate based on SIMM cost)
      RL1         RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  229.95
      RL1RTC      RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    249.95
      RL2         RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  289.95
      RL2RTC      RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    309.95
      RL3         RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  349.95
      RL3RTC      RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    369.95
      RL4         RAMLink w/RAMCard (4 MB, no RTC)                  339.95
      RL4RTC      RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (4 MB)                    359.95
      RL5         RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  389.95
      RL5RTC      RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    409.95
      RL8         RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  529.95
      RL8RTC      RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    549.95
      RL9         RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  589.95
      RL9RTC      RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    609.95
      RL12        RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  719.95
      RL12RTC     RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    739.95
      RL13        RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  779.95
      RL13RTC     RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    799.95
      RL16        RAMLink w/RAMCard (1 MB, no RTC)                  909.95
      RL16RTC     RAMLink w/RAMCard & RTC (1 MB)                    929.95
       (Backup Battery listed separately below)
    
     RAMLink System Components (as sold seperately)
      RL          RAMLink Base Model (no RAMCard)                   149.95
      RLRC        RAMLink w/RAMCard (0 MB, no RTC)                  199.95
      RLRTC       RAMLink w/RAMCard and RTC (0 MB)                  219.95
      RAMCARD     RAMCard (no RTC)                                   59.95
      RAMCARDRTC  RAMCard w/RTC                                      79.95
      RTCKIT      RAMLink RTC Kit (must have RAMCard II)             29.95
      RL BATTERY  RAMLink Battery                                    24.95
      RL-HD CABLE RAMLink-HD Parallel Cable                          14.95
      SIMM1       1 MB SIMM                                           Call
      SIMM4       4 MB SIMM                                           Call
    
     CMD HD Series Hard Drives
      HD-85       HD-40 Chassis w/85 MB Drive Mechanism             495.00
      HD-100      HD-100 Chassis w/170 MB Drive Mechanism           595.00
      HD-200      HD-200 Chassis w/240 MB Drive Mechanism           695.00
    
     CMD FD Series Floppy Drives
      FD-2000     FD-2000 800K/1.6MB 3.5" Floppy Drive              179.95
      FD-2000RTC  FD-2000 800K/1.6MB 3.5" Floppy Drive w/RTC        199.95
      FD-4000     FD-4000 800K/1.6MB/3.2MB 3.5" Floppy Drive        249.95
      FD-4000RTC  FD-4000 800K/1.6MB/3.2MB 3.5" Floppy Drive w/RTC  269.95
      FDRTC       FD RTC kit                                         29.95
    
     Miscellaneous CMD Hardware
      SL          SwiftLink Cartidge and software                    39.95
      SL CABLE    SwiftLink Cable                                     9.95
      SID         SID Symphony Cartidge and software                 39.95
      LTKON       Lt. Konnector                                      19.95
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 15        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:00 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                         CMD HARDWARE PRODUCT UPGRADES
     =====================================================================
    
     JiffyDOS Upgrades
      JiffyDOS Upgrades are no longer available.
    
    
     RANLink Upgrades
      RLROM       RAMLink RL-DOS ROM                                 15.00
     +RC2UP       Exchange RAMCard for RAMCard II w/RTC, DOS, GAL    59.95
      RC2V1       RAMCard II for RAMLink v1 w/DOS, GAL (no RTC)      59.95
      RC2V1RTC    RAMCard II for RAMLink v1 w/RTC, DOS, GAL          79.95
      RLUTILS     Latest version of RL Utilities                     10.00
      RLUP        RAMLink RL-DOS ROM and latest Utilities            25.00
     +RLMODS      Upgrade RAMLink V1 to latest revision              50.00
    
     RAMDrive Upgrades
      All RAMDrive sales, support, and upgrades are now handled directly
      by the manufacturer, Performance Peripherals, Inc.
    
     HD Upgrades
      HDUTILS     HD Utilities w/current DOS and utilities           10.00
      HDROM       HD Boot ROM                                        15.00
      POWERHD     HD Power Supply                                    59.95
     +HD85UP      85 MB HD Upgrade                                  225.00
     +HD170UP     170 MB HD Upgrade                                 295.00
     +HD245UP     245 MB HD Upgrade                                 395.00
       (Drive upgrades include new DOS, utilities, ROM & 6 mo. warranty)
    
     FD Upgrades
      FDROM       Latest FD DOS ROM                                  15.00
      FDUTILS     Latest version of FD Utilities disk                10.00
    
     Note: + indicates required return of products for upgrade or exchange
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 16        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:07 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                            OTHER HARDWARE PRODUCTS
     =====================================================================
    
     Modems
      1660        Commodore 1660/Modem 300                           10.00
      TELECOM     Modem 300 w/Speedterm                              16.00
      BOCA24      BOCA 2400 Baud Modem                               79.00
      BOCA24SL    BOCA 2400 w/SwiftLink                             119.00
      BOCA14      BOCA 14.4K Baud Modem                             249.00
      BOCA14SL    BOCA 14.4K w/SwiftLink                            279.00
    
     Power Supplies
     #POWER64     64 Power Supply                                    39.00
     #POWER128    128 Power Supply                                   45.00
      POWER1581   1581/1541-II Power Supply                          25.00
    
     Printer Interfaces and Cables
      GEOCABLE    User Port Print Cable                              20.00
      XETECJR     Xetec Super Graphix Jr.                            45.00
      XETECSR     Xetec Super Graphix Sr.                            60.00
    
     Midi Interfaces
      INTRO64     Dr. T Model-T & KCS64                             105.00
      INTRO128    Dr. T Model-T & KCS128                            149.00
    
     Miscellaneous Hardware
      2+1         2+1 Cartridge Port Expander                        45.00
      IIEE64      IEEE Flash! 64 IEEE Interface (SO)                 90.00
      IEEE128     Quicksilver 128 IEEE Interface (SO)               120.00
    
    
     Input Devices
     #MOUSE       C-1351 Compatible Mouse                            36.00
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 17        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:13 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                        MISCELLANEOUS COMPUTER SUPPLIES
     =====================================================================
    
     Diskettes
      HD10        10 Pack DSHD High Density 3.5" Floppy Diskettes    14.95
      ED          1 DSED Enhanced Density 3.5" Floppy Diskette        5.00
      ED10        10 DSED Enhanced Density 3.5" Floppy Diskette      40.00
    
     Cables
      SERIALCABLE 30" Disk Drive/Printer Serial Cable                 3.95
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 18        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:14 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                             CMD SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
     =====================================================================
    
     !GW-64        gateWay 64                                        29.95
     !GW-128       gateWay 128                                       29.95
     !GW-64/128    gateWay 64/128 Combo                              44.95
     !COLUTIL      Collette Utilities                                19.95
      PPMAIN       Perfect Print LQ Main System                      34.95
      PPLQ         Perfect Print LQ w/LQ Font Collections 1 & 2      49.95
      PPFONT1      Perfect Print LQ Font Collection 1                19.95
      PPFONT2      Perfect Print LQ Font Collection 2                19.95
      PPFONT3      Perfect Print LQ Font Collection 3                19.95
    
      PPBORDER1    Perfect Print LQ Border Font Collection 1         19.95
     !GBOOT        geoMakeBoot Boot disk creator for GEOS 64 & 128   12.95
     #CMDUTILS     CMD Utilities                                     24.95
      JMON         JiffyMON 64 ML Monitor (requires JiffyDOS)        19.95
    
      Note: Backups of these disks are available to registered owners for
            $10.00. Contact CMD for backup prices on multi-disk programs.
            ! indicates GEOS 64 v2.0 or GEOS 128 v2.0 required.
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 19        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:15 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                        CMD SOFTWARE PRODUCT UPGRADES
     =====================================================================
    
     +GW-64UP      Exchange gateWay 64 v2.x for v2.5                 15.00
     +GW-128UP     Exchange gateWay 128 v2.x for v2.5                15.00
     +PPUP         Exchange Perfect Print v2.x disk 1 & 2 for v2.5   15.00
    
     Note: + indicates required return of products for upgrade or exchange
           No additional shipping required for the continental U.S.
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 20        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:20 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                           OTHER SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
     =====================================================================
    
     GEOS
      BECKER      BeckerBASIC                                        20.00
      GEOBASIC    geoBASIC                                           20.00
      GEOCALC64   geoCalc 64                                         40.00
      GEOCALC128  geoCalc 128                                        45.00
      GEOFILE64   geoFile 64                                         40.00
      GEOFILE128  geoFile 128                                        45.00
      GEOPROG     geoProgrammer                                      45.00
      GEOPUB      geoPublish                                         40.00
     #GEOS64      GEOS 64 v2.0                                       44.00
     #GEOS128     GEOS 128 v2.0                                      49.00
      GEOCOMP     GEOS Companion                                     20.00
      GEOPAK      GEOS Power Pak                                     20.00
      GEOPAK2     GEOS Power Pak II                                  20.00
     #GEOCHART    geoChart                                           29.00
     #DESKPAK     Desk Pack                                          29.00
     #FONTPAK     Font Pack                                          25.00
     #FONTPAKINT  International Font Pack                            25.00
    
     Word Processing
      OMNIWR      OmniWriter/OmniSpell (SO)                          30.00
      WWRITER     Word Writer 6                                      30.00
     #SSCRIPT64   Superscript 64                                     35.00
     #SSCRIPT128  Superscript 128                                    35.00
    
     Spreadsheet
      BUSICALC    Busicalc 3 (SO)                                    30.00
      PPLAN64     PowerPlan 64                                       16.00
      SWIFT       SwiftCalc 64                                       16.00
    
     Database
      BUSIDATA    Busidata (SO)                                      30.00
      DATAMAN     Data Manager 2                                     16.00
     #SBASE64     Superbase 64 v3.01                                 35.00
     #SBASE128    Superbase 128 v3.01                                35.00
    
     Other Productivity
      CAD64       Cadpak 64                                          22.00
      CAD128      Cadpak 128                                         25.00
      CHART64     Chartpak 64                                        17.00
      CHART128    Charpak 128                                        25.00
      RPPAK       RUN Productivity Pak                               15.00
      RPPAK3      RUN Productivity Pak III                           15.00
      RSS1541     RUN Super Starter Pak 1541                         20.00
      RSS1581     RUN Super Starter Pak 1581                         20.00
      RWORKS      RUN Works                                          20.00
    
     Languages/Compilers
      BASIC64     BASIC 64 Compiler                                  17.00
      BASIC128    BASIC 128 Compiler                                 25.00
      BLITZ64     Blitz! 64 Compiler (SO)                            30.00
      BLITZ128    Blitz! 128 Compiler (SO)                           30.00
      COBOL64     Cobol 64                                           17.00
      FORTRAN64   Fortran 64                                         17.00
      PASCAL64    Pascal 64                                          17.00
    
    
     Educational
      JUNIOR      Junior High Grade Builder (SO)                     17.00
      MATHMAZE    Mathmaze                                           17.00
      EDPAK1      RUN Educational Pak Vol. 1                         12.00
      EDPAK2      RUN Educational Pak Vol. 2                         12.00
    
     Telecommunications Software
      SPEED       SpeedTerm                                          25.00
     #DIALOGUE    Dialogue 128                                       29.00
    
     Utilities
     #BBR         Big Blue Reader 128/64                             39.00
    
     MIDI Software
      COMPOSER    Dr. T Algorithmic Composer                         20.00
      CAGED4OP    Dr. T 4-OP MIDI Ed/Lib                             20.00
      CAGEDCZ     Dr. T CZ-Rider MIDI Ed/Lib                         20.00
      CAGEDDX     Dr. T DX-7 MIDI Ed/Lib                             20.00
    
     Misc. Software
      DSAURUS     Designasaurus (SO)                                 17.00
      STORY       RUN Story Disk                                     10.00
      SKYTRAV     Sky Travel                                         20.00
    
     Games
      ACROJET     AcroJet                                            12.00
      RANGER      Airborne Ranger                                    16.00
      ATOMINO     Atomino                                            17.00
    
      BALLISTIX   Ballistix                                          13.00
      BLACKJACK   Blackjack Academy                                  12.00
      BLOOD       Blood Money                                        15.00
      CHOMP       Chomp!                                             10.00
      VIETNAM     Conflict in Vietnam                                16.00
      ELVIRA      Elvira, Mistress of the Dark                       25.00
      F15         F-15 Strike Eagle                                  16.00
      F19         F-19 Stealth Fighter                               20.00
      LASERSQ     Laser Squad                                        13.00
      MAINFR      Mainframe                                          13.00
      MENACE      Menace                                             15.00
      MARBLE      Marble Madness                                     13.00
      NAVY        Navy Seal                                          10.00
      REDSTORM    Red Storm Rising                                   16.00
      MEDUSA      Rings of Medusa                                    16.00
      FUNPAK      RUN C128 Funpak                                    15.00
      GAMEPAK     RUN C64 Gamepak                                    15.00
      STRATEGY1   RUN C64 Strategy Games 1                           15.00
      STRATEGY2   RUN C64 Strategy Games 2                           15.00
      SILENT      Silent Service                                     16.00
      SKATE       Skate or Die                                       13.00
      SPIDER      The Amazing Spider-Man                             15.00
      PRES        The President Is Missing!                          10.00
      STOOGES     The Three Stooges                                  10.00
      TIEBREAK    Tie Break Tennis                                   16.00
      ECLIPSE     Total Eclipse                                      10.00
      ULT3        Ultima III                                         17.00
     #ULT4        Ultima IV                                          17.00
     #ULT5        Ultima V                                           17.00
      WIZ5        Wizardry V                                         24.00
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 21        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:22 EDT
    
    
     =====================================================================
                                  RERUN DISKS
                  Any 1 for $10.00, 3 for $18.00, 6 for $24.00
     =====================================================================
    
      RRSPR85     Spring 1985                                        10.00
     #RRSUM85     Summer 1985                                        10.00
     #RRFALL85    Fall 1985                                          10.00
     #RRJAN86     Jan/Feb 1986                                       10.00
     #RRMAR86     Mar/Apr 1986                                       10.00
     #RRMAY86     May/Jun 1986                                       10.00
     #RRJUL86     Jul/Aug 1986                                       10.00
      RRSEP86     Sep/Oct 1986                                       10.00
      RRNOV86     Nov/Dec 1986                                       10.00
      RRJAN87     Jan/Feb 1987                                       10.00
     #RRMAR87     Mar/Apr 1987                                       10.00
      RRMAY87     May/Jun 1987                                       10.00
     #RRJUL87     Jul/Aug 1987                                       10.00
      RRSEP87     Sep/Oct 1987                                       10.00
     #RRNOV87     Nov/Dec 1987                                       10.00
     #RRJAN88     Jan/Feb 1988                                       10.00
     #RRMAY88     May/Jun 1988                                       10.00
    
     #RRJUL88     Jul/Aug 1988                                       10.00
     #RRSEP88     Sep/Oct 1988                                       10.00
     #RRNOV88     Nov/Dec 1988                                       10.00
     #RRJAN89     Jan/Feb 1989                                       10.00
     #RRMAR89     Mar/Apr 1989                                       10.00
     #RRMAY89     May/Jun 1989                                       10.00
     #RRJUL89     Jul/Aug 1989                                       10.00
     #RRSEP89     Sep/Oct 1989                                       10.00
     #RRNOV89     Nov/Dec 1989                                       10.00
     #RRJAN90     Jan/Feb 1990                                       10.00
      RRMAR90     Mar/Apr 1990                                       10.00
      RRMAY90     May/Jun/Jul 1990                                   10.00
      RRSUM90     Summer 1990                                        10.00
     #RRAUG90     Aug/Sep/Oct 1990                                   10.00
      RRNOV90     Nov/Dec 1990                                       10.00
      RRJAN91     Jan/Feb 1991                                       10.00
      RRMAR91     Mar/Apr 1991                                       10.00
     #RRMAY91     May/Jun 1991                                       10.00
     #RRJUL91     Jul/Aug 1991                                       10.00
      RRSEP91     Sep/Oct 1991                                       10.00
      RRNOV91     Nov/Dec 1991                                       10.00
      RRJAN92     Jan/Feb 1992                                       10.00
      RRMAR92     Mar/Apr 1992                                       10.00
      RRMAY92     May/Jun 1992                                       10.00
      RRJUL92     Jul/Aug 1992                                       10.00
      RRSEP92     Sep/Oct 1992                                       10.00
      RRNOV92     Nov/Dec 1992                                       10.00
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 22        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:23 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                                     BOOKS
     =====================================================================
    
      1571INT     1571 Internals                                     12.00
      ANAT1541    Anatomy of the 1541                                12.00
      BASTRN      C128 BASIC Training Guide                          12.00
    
    
      CADBOOK     C128 Computer Aided Design                         12.00
      TRICKS      Commodore 64 Tricks and Tips                       12.00
      GRAPHIC     Graphics Book for the C-64                         12.00
      PRINTER     Printer Book for the C64                           12.00
      IDEAS       Ideas for Use on Your C-64                         10.00
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 23        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:25 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                            RUN MAGAZINE BACK ISSUES
                  Any 3 for $10.00, 6 for $18.00, 12 for $25.00
     =====================================================================
    
    
     #RMJAN88     January 1988
     #RMFEB88     February 1988
     #RMMAR88     March 1988
     #RMAPR88     April 1988
     #RMMAY88     May 1988
     #RMJUN88     June 1988
     #RMJUL88     July 1988
     #RMAUG88     August 1988
     #RMSP88      1988 Special Programmers Issue
     #RMJAN89     January 1989
     #RMFEB89     February 1989
     #RMMAR89     March 1989
     #RMMAY89     May 1989
     #RMJUN89     June 1989
     #RMJUL89     July 1989
     #RMAUG89     August 1989
     #RMSEP89     September 1989
     #RMOCT89     October 1989
     #RMSP89      1989 Special Programmers Issue
     #RMJAN90     January 1990
     #RMMAY90     May 1990
     #RMJUN90     June/July 1990
     #RMDEC90     December 1990
     #RMJAN91     January/February 1991
     #RMJUN91     June 1991
     #RMSEP91     September/October 1991
     #RMJAN92     January/February 1992
     #RMMAR92     March/April 1992
     #RMMAY92     May/June 1992
     #RMJUL92     July/August 1992
     #RMSEP92     September/October 1992
     #RMNOV92     November/December 1992
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 24        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:26 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                                ITEMS NOT LISTED
     =====================================================================
    
     Contact Creative Micro Designs, Inc. concerning any items you wish to
     order which are not shown in this list. Many additional products are
     availble as Special Order items.
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 25        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:28 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                CONTINENTAL U.S. SHIPPING AND HANDLING CHARGES
     =====================================================================
    
     Standard Shipping Rates
      Books and Software: $ 5.00 for first item, $1.00 per additional item
    
      Hard Drives:        $15.00 each
      Power Supplies:     $ 7.50 each
      RAMLink, FD Drives: $ 9.00 each
      Power Supplies:     $ 7.50 each
      Other Hardware:     $ 5.50 per item (or up to 3 JiffyDOS ROMs)
      RUN Magazines:      $ 5.50 for 3, $ 6.50 for 6, $ 7.50 for 12
    
      These items require only $2.00 shipping/handling if ordered alone:
       Collette Utilities
       geoMakeBoot
       CMD Utilities
       HD Utilities
       RL Utilities
       FD Utilities
       Single Diskettes
       All Backup Disks
    
     C.O.D. Charges
      Add $5.00 for C.O.D. orders (available only to U.S. addresses on
      on orders under $175.00)
    
     Minimum Order
      Phone Orders must meet a $15.00 minimum. No minimum exists on
      orders mailed in.
    
     Special Orders
      Some Special Order items may require a surcharge. Contact CMD for
      details on these charges.
    
     Upgrades
      Contact CMD for shipping prices on upgrades. Some upgrades require
      exchange or servicing directly by CMD. All inbound shipments from
      customers for repair, return, exchange or upgrade must be clearly
      marked with an authorization code obtained from CMD.
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 26        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:29 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                              METHODS OF PAYMENT
     =====================================================================
    
     Creative Micro Designs, Inc. accepts payment via VISA, MasterCard,
     Money Order, C.O.D., Personal Check, or Company Check. All Personal
     and Company Checks held 2 to 3 weeks prior to shipment, and should
     be made payable to Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
    
    
    
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 27        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:30 EDT
    
    
    
    
    
     =====================================================================
                                  WARRANTIES
     =====================================================================
    
     RAMLink and all CMD Software Products are warranted to be free from
     manufacturing defects for a period of 90 days. HD Series hard drives
     and FD Series floppy disk drives are warranted to be free from
     manufacturing defects for a period of six months. Proof of purchase
     must accompany all warranty service returns. All returns must be
     clearly marked with an authorization code obtained from CMD.
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 28        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:31 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                            EXCHANGE & RETURN POLICY
     =====================================================================
    
     All CMD hardware products are covered by a 30 day return policy, and
     may be returned within 30 days of reciept for a refund of the actual
     purchase price, less shipping, taxes, duties and a 10% restocking
     fee. CMD software products are sold as is, and may only returned
     under limited conditions for a merchandise credit or refund. CMD
     will exchange defective merchandise when possible on products not
     manufactured by CMD, but reserves the right to issue merchandise in
     lieu of refunds when deemed appropriate. All returns must be clearly
     marked with an authorization code obtained from CMD.
    
    
     ------------
    Category 12,  Topic 10
    Message 29        Tue Aug 10, 1993
    CMD-DOUG                     at 01:34 EDT
    
     =====================================================================
                           ADDRESS AND CONTACT NUMBERS
     =====================================================================
    
     Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
     P.O. Box 646
     15 Benton Drive
     East Longmeadow, MA  01028
    
     Orders: 800-638-3263
     Info:   413-525-0023
     FAX:    413-525-0147
     BBS:    413-525-0148
    
    
     ------------
     ************
    
    

   ===================================
    A SYSOP'S REVIEW OF THE C-NET BBS
   ===================================

 The C-Net BBS is without a doubt one of the most powerfull BBS programs
available today at a reasonable price. The potential of this program in terms 
of features, Sysop control, and size is, other than disk space, unlimited.
 The choice of disk drives and modems you can use with this software is very
flexable. Up to twenty message bases and the same amount of file exchanges are
possible along with a text file section (read only) and a "P" file section 
which will allow users to play on-line games and give the Sysop access to
system maintenance features (using program 'modules')

 The main program, as are the modules, is written in basic which makes it very
easy to customize the board to suit your own needs.
 In order for the program to utilize some of these features it must access the
disk drive and load 'PROGRAM MODULES' which are then 'Overlaid' onto the main
program in memory. This feature is what makes the C-Net so powerfull. A number
of these modules comes with the software when purchased but the BEST ones are	ritten by the users of this system and are in the public domain.

 The system message editor is the best i have ever seen on a BBS. It has all
the features of a full featured word processor (plus some IE: Color/Graphics).
as a matter of fact there are so many features in the editor i sometimes
forget what they all are.

 Version 10.0, which this review is based on, supports CBM Color and lower
case graphics and any non-cbm ascii computer. The file transfer protocols are
NEW-PUNTER and X-MODEM (checksum) w	ch are selected automaticly depending on
which computer the person who calls the board is using.
 Documentation on V10.0 is very good (61 pages both sides). VERSION 11.0 is
now available but i would not recommend this version to anyone at this time
 The version (11.0) that i recieved was plagued with bugs of all sorts and
even had some features that would not work. To say the least, I was very
disapointed.
 User support is very poor....After leaving 5 to 6 messages in feedback on the
'HOME' board (FUTURE 	RLD) i recieved only one reply and even then i did not
have my question's answered. (this was very frustrating as this was long
distance). The download section has a special section for registered C-Net
Sysops. I found this section to be poorly maintained and contained many
files that would not even load let alone run. It was obvious that these files
were not tested before putting them up for downloading.

 All in all, I have to give the C-Net bbs a 3 1/2 star rating. I have in the
past run the HAL, RIBIT	RAVICS, 6485, INFOQUICK and many other bbs systems
and keep coming back to the C-Net. If the boys at FUTURE WORLD (PERSPECTIVE
SOFTWARE) would clean up there act and fix v11.0, instead of sending it out in
the condition it is in and give some user support...C-Net would be #1..
bar none !!!

 This is my first review and i hope it was enjoyable and informitive reading
for you.

 Mike Fontaine
 Comtel 64 BBS
 (813)989-9128

 A C-Net BBS #311

==================================================================	==========
 More information on the C-Net bbs can be obtained by contacting:

 FUTURE WORLD BBS
 (313) 981-6150 (modem) or
 PERSPECTIVE SOFTWARE
 1716 Walnut Ridge Cr.
 Canton Twp. MI 48187
 (313) 981-4113
==============================================================================
**********
C notes II
**********  

These are some hints to using C-Power 128.

Written as subsequent file to another 
cnotes.txt file in this D/L section.

1.  LIB.C on the program diskette is for
the C-64 version and will never work as
it is written.  (Ashamed to admit it took
me MONTHS to figure this out!).  The SYS
call in the GETCH function must have a
BANK location included.  It should read:

getch()
{
    char a, x, y;

    do
        sys (15, 0xffe4, &a, &x, &y);
    while (a == 0);
    return a;
}

This is an obscure little error, but would
crash the LIB program every time!  There
has been a BASIC C library manager written
and published by The TRANSACTOR, but it
is so much nicer to have it run under the
shell program.

2.  There are multiple edit buffers for
ED and CED.  You call them from the CMD:
prompt with 'go xxxx' where xxxx is your
chosen name for the buffers other than MAIN
and PASTE which the system sets-up.  Use
'list' from the 'cmd:' prompt to see the 
available buffers.

3.  You can cut & paste from any buffer!
By using [run/stop] + cursor movement to
tag the text you want to move then F5 to 
cut it to the 'PAST	 buffer.  From here 
you can 'go' to any buffer and then F6 
will paste the buffer at the cursor location.
You CAN NOT edit or 'go' to the PASTE 
buffer.

4.  Example of above...editing in MAIN
area and you can't remember how to use 
a command or function.  'Go' to 'help',
'get' a file off the disk that uses the
function you need, cut the specific text,
'go' back to 'main' and paste in the text
you taged.

5.  'setu' without parameters will list
the defined storage devices including the
available RAMDISKS	
6.  You can modify the SHELL program to
define the function keys to suit your
needs and resave it to disk w/o problems.

7.  The manual mentions a "built in 'run'
command".  In fact, this does not exist!
Part of the document problem is that the
128 docs are poorly rewritten 64 docs,
with even the index pages wrong!  To rerun
a program, just type the name again, if it
is in memory, it runs without reloading. 

8. I have tried to get the compiler to work
with the '-p' option to access my 1581 as
device 10,	ut it continues to go to device
8 for the main compiler program.  If anyone
can figure this out, I'd appreciate the
secret.

9.  If you are using this C compiler, and
have figured out some undocumented goody
please make it known to the rest of us!
I have the version prior to PROLINE's
sell-out to Spinnaker and the documentation
is worse than "skimpy".  They offered a BBS
in Canada that was supposed to have updates,
advice, and help that I could never reach. 
I would love to know how the documentation
is w	h Spinaker's version.  Is it worth
buying a new version to get better use from
the software???

10.  These may seem trivial to an old C
programmer, but for a NOVICE like me, were
major roadblocks to getting started!

M. Tucker Brawner [73455,1440]
 A Few Useful Things to Know About Power C

I've been working with Power C for a while now, and I've learned a 
few tricks I'd like to share with others.  Hopefully we can help
each other learn this fascinating new language.

1. The disk-swapping discussed in the documentation for those of us
   with one drive really isn't necessary; just move the first seven
   files (shell-translator), plus stdio.h and dir.h from the Editor/
   Compiler disk to your work disk.  The new procedure is then to
   always have the work disk in the drive, except when linking in 
   the function libraries.  When you compile, use the syntax:

        cc -p filename

   This will go through the entire compilation process without 
   asking you to change disks.

2. The "trim" program will trim further an already trimmed file, but
   the resulting code doesn't always work!  Only trim your object
   files once!

3. When passing a variable address to a function (with the intent of
   modifying the value of the original variable directly), declare
   the original variable as "static".  Power C moves the first 32 
   bytes of variables to be passed (unless declare	static) into zero
   page, so an "auto" variable won't really be at the address which
   was passed.

4. As you write your own functions which can be used in multiple
   programs, build your own function libraries.  Compile and link
   the program "lib.c" on the Power C work disk, then run it.
   Library files must end with ".l".  Once you have a library file
   you can give the linker the name of the library file instead of 
   the names of individual object modules.

5. The speed of the standard 1541 di	 drive is horrible for such a
   disk-based application; I ran out and bought BetterWorking's Turbo
   Load and Save cartridge as recommended in the documentation; it 
   works very well as claimed.

6. For those of us who need a good book to get us started, I can
   heartily recommend "C Primer Plus", by Waite, Prata, and Martin,
   published by Howard W. Sams & Company.  It's more expensive than
   most, but well worth it (it's 558 pages!).

   Good luck,

   Steve Grace
   (70726,306)


        COCO64   (C) 1986 by Chrisdos
                All rights reserved.

Ver 1.1

        COCO64 is a program for the Commodore C64 computer that will allow the
user to translate and view HiRes pictures generated on the Trs80 Color Computer.
These images are usally processed with MAXCMP or PIXCMP on the CoCo, and
uploaded to networks or BBS systems. All that is required for the C64 user
to view the picture, is a terminal program that can download the seqential
ASCII data (such as CBterm/C64) and the COCO64 program.
        The resulting HiRes image may be saved in a Doodle file on your disk.


Operation:
----------

        You must first download a CoCo picture file to your disk drive. You may
READ the data into your terminal's RAM buffer and save it, or DOWNLOAD it
directly to disk depending on the ability of the terminal program you are
using. The data should be saved in ASCII (no translation) format, and not
translated into PETASCII. The picture information is in the form of a SEQential
file that is a basic program for the Color Computer. This program itself
has no meaning on the C64, however, the picture data is included in the program,
and COCO64 reads and decodes this data.
        Once you have the SEQential file on disk, you load and run COCO64.
You will get the title screen, then after 5 seconds you will be prompted for
the name of the file to read in. Simply enter the file name and press <return>.
(Or enter "HELP" for a help screen.)
COCO64 will read in the file, and then the screen will clear. The border will
flash as the picture is decoded. When the image is ready it will be displayed
in black and white on the screen.
        If, while the file is being read in, you see:"Double Lenght Image"
it means the picture is two screens long! When the image is displayed, you may
scroll the image up by pressing the F1 key, or down by pressing F7.
        To dump the image to disk in doodle file format, you press the + key
for a positive dump, or the - key for a negative dump. The image on the
screen at the time will be sent to disk, and will be useable by Doodle or
other graphics programs.
        After a dump, you may press any key except <return> to review the
picture. Pressing <RETURN> will EXIT the program. You may then RUN it again
to process another picture file.


SPECS:
------
        COCO64 is a hybred program. It is part basic and part ML. Its basic
lines should NOT be altered, as this will crash the program.
        COCO64 reads in the data from the MAXCMP/PIXCMP program, and looks
for 2 things first off:
 1) The word "ARROW" as used in the line "Use up and down ARROW to scroll the
picture."   -This line is included in all files that are double lenght and
this keyword signals COCO64 that the image is to be decoded in double lenght.
 2) The word DATA1. This signals the start of the picture data in the program
and tells COCO64 where to begin decoding.

        At this point, the data is read in, converted and displayed on the C64.

   Errors:
   ------
  If you should get a "STRING TOO LONG" error, just enter: GOTO200 and hit 
<RETURN>.
This will restart at the point COCO64 left off. Ver 1.1 has been altered to
greatly reduce this error over Ver 1.0.

   If COCO64 fails to find the keyword ARROW to signal a double lenght file,
you can force COCO64 to decode in double length. When you get the "Standby.."
message, press the RUN/STOP key and then enter:     OS=3:GOTO200 <RETURN>


 Much thanks to Art Flexser for providing the specifications for the 
MAXCMP/PIXCMP format for the Color Computer.

        Any comments or questions on COCO64 should be addressed to Chrisdos
[76703,717] or SYSOP in the CBIG sig. (GO CBIG)

Items of interest:
------------------
1) CBterm/C64 - A super terminal program that will allow downloading of the
COCO picture files (and much much more!). Avalible in DL2 of the CBIG sig.
Please read the file CBTERM.TXT (in dl2 of CBIG) for the current index to
CBterm files.
2) Doodle utilities (display, print, etc.) are avalible in DL2 of CBIG.
3) COCO picture files can be found in DL2 of the COCO sig. Go COCO to get there.



 -Chrisdos
Documentation for COMAND.IMG
----------------------------
 
I was never a big user of Dos 5.1.
I never could remember the commands,
and I couldn't use them in programs
anyway, so I just stuck to doing it
the long way.  After about a year of
doing that it became pretty tiresome.
So I started experimenting with ML
programming and command modification.

I started out by writing a DIR command
that replace the LET command in Basic.
I didn't know that someone had already
done that before, and their program is
in the DL-6 database for those who are
interested in how its done.  But I soon
decided that I didn't want to replace
existing commands, I wanted to create
new ones.  Enter Sheldon Leemon.  His
answer to a Sig message I put up pointed
me to his article on command creation
in Compute's Second Book of the 64.
Without his help this program would 
never have come about.

Well, enough of the history.  Here are
the commands that COMAND.IMG adds to
the Commodore 64:
 

DIRECT - Will print the disk directory
         of device 8 to the screen with-
         out messing up any program you
         have loaded.

STATUS - Will print any disk err	s to
         the screen.  Same as:
               10 OPEN 15,8,15
               20 INPUT#15,A,B$,C,D
               30 PRINTA,B$,C,D
               40 CLOSE15

SCRATCH - Will delete a file on device 8
          Same as:
               OPEN15,8,15,"S0:Filename"
          Format is:
               SCRATCH"Filename"
 
RENAME  - Will rename a file on device 8
          Same as:
               OPEN15,8,15,"R0:new=old"
          Format is:
               RENAME"new=old"

DISK    - Will format a disk in device	
          Same as:
               OPEN15,8,15,"N0:name,id"
          Format is:
               DISK"name,id"
 
COLLECT - Will rearrange the disk format

          Same as:
               OPEN15,8,15,"V"
          Format is:
               COLLECT

VIEW    - Will display a file to screen
          Format is:
               VIEW"Filename"

COMAND.IMG replaces EASYDO.IMG that used
to resides in this database.  Commands
used in COMAND.IMG are compatable with
EASYDO.IMG.  Some confusion arose as to
how to loa	and run the former program,
so I've made this alittle easier.  Just
LOAD "COMAND",8 and RUN.  COMAND.IMG
resides in the low part of Basic Ram.
This means you lose 1K of programming
space, but the ease of loading and use
should be worth it.

If you have a ML subroutine that you 
would like to see in the next version
of COMAND.IMG, please send me the
source code (in CBM MADS format) via
Easyplex.  Or if you have any questions
or comments, feel free to 'plex those
to me too.

                          Denny 	nkins
                           70003,2374

          Command Conversion Table  -- Updated: 05/18/88
                 by Mike Schoenbach [76703,4363]


================================
At the Main "Forum" menu/prompt:
================================

Old      New           Full Command       Command Explanation
===      ===           ============       ===================
 B       ANN           ANNOUNCEMENT       Announcement Files
 L       COM           COMPOSE            Compose a new message
 CO      CON           CONFERENCE         Enter Conference area
 CO#     CON#          CONFERENCE#        Enter Conference Room "#"
 DL      LIB           LIBRARY            Enter Library area
 DL#     LIB#          LIBRARY#           Enter Library "#"
 IN/GU   INS           INSTRUCTION        Enter Instructions area
 LN      NAM           NAME               View library section names
 MD/V    MEM           MEMBER             Enter Member Directory area
 OP      OPT           OPTION             Enter Options area
 R       MES           MESSAGE            Enter Message area
 RE;###  REP ###       REPLY ###          Reply to message "####"
 RF      REA FOR       READ FORWARD       Read msgs in forward sequence
 RF;0    REA FOR ALL   READ FORWARD ALL   Read all msgs in numerical order
 RI      REA NUM       READ NUMBER        Read one message number only
 RM      REA WAI       READ WAITING       Read "waiting" messages
 RM      REA MAR       READ MARK          Read "marked" messages
 RN      REA FOR NEW   READ FORWARD NEW   Read new messages in forward
                                          numerical order
 RR      REA REV       READ REVERSE       Read messages in reverse order
 RR;0    REA REV LAS   READ REVERSE LAST  Start with last message
 RS;F    REA FRO:      READ FROM:         Read msgs from name/User ID
 RS;S    REA SUB:      READ SUBJECT:      Read msgs with specified subj
 RS;T    REA TO:       READ TO:           Read msgs to name/User ID
 RT      REA THR       READ THREAD        Read message threads (DEFAULT)
 RT ###  REA THR STA:####                 Read threads staring at "####"
 RTONLY  REA THR NUM:####                 Read thread "####" only
 RTN     REA NEW       READ NEW           Read new msgs in thread order
 SB/SN   NAM           NAME               View message section names

==========================
At "Messages" menu/prompt:
==========================

 QS      SCA QUI       SCAN QUICK         Scan message subjects only
 QSN     SCA QUI NEW   SCAN QUICK NEW     Scan new msg subjects only
 SF      SCA FOR       SCAN FORWARD       Scan msgs in numerical order
 SR      SCA REV       SCAN REVERSE       Scan msgs in reverse order
 ST DIS  SCA THR PRO   SCAN THREAD PROMPT Scan messages and prompt
                                          for disposition
==============================
At "User Options" menu/prompt:
==============================

 CN      NAM        NAME             Change name in Forum
 ED      EDI        EDITOR           Default message editor (EDIT/LINEDIT)
 PC      CHA        CHARACTER        Specify prompt character
 RE      REP        REPLIES          Reply info (list, count, none)
 SM      PAU        PAUSE            Pause after reading msgs (Always,
                                     Never, Just to you)
 SU      SEC        SECTION          Default message sections to read
 UM      MOD        MODE             Forum mode (command, menu)

=============================
At "Read Action" menu/prompt:
=============================

 MA      MAR        MARK             Mark current msg for later retrieval
 NS      SCR        SCROLL           Do not prompt for read action
 RA      RER        REREAD           Re-read current message
 RE      REP        REPLY            Reply to current message
 RP      PAR        PARENT           Read "Parent" (previous) message
 RR      REA REP    READ REPLY       Read replies to current msg
 SK      NEX        NEXT             Read next branch of thread
 SKALL   NEX SUB    NEXT SUBJECT     Read next thread (skip current)
 UA      COM        COMPOSE          Compose new msg to current msg author

=============================
At "Post Action" menu/prompt:
=============================

 A       CAN        CANCEL           Cancel current message
 C       EDI        EDIT             Continue writing the message (EDIT)
 MA      MAI        MAIL             Mail message via EasyPlex
 MU      MAI UNF    MAIL UNFORMATTED Mail unformatted msg to Easyplex
 P       PRE        PREVIEW          Preview current message.
 P#      PRE WID:#  PREVIEW WIDTH:#  Preview message with specified
                                     line width.
 R       RER        REREAD           Reread message you are replying to
 S       POS        POST             Post message on message board
 S#      POS SEC:#  POST SECTION:    Post message in specified section
 SP      POS PRI    POST PRIVATE     Post message privately
 SU      POS UNF    POST UNFORMATTED Post msg the way it currently
                                     appears -- do not reformat
 SU#     POS UNF SEC:#               Post unformatted in specified section

===============================

NOTE: CompuServe will continue to support many of the commands that
appear in the left column.
Date:  02-Jun-96 20:56 PDT
From:  Jim Brain > INTERNET:brain@conch.aa.msen.com
Reply to: Re: Commodore Master List

Sender: brain@conch.aa.msen.com
Received: from conch.aa.msen.com (conch.aa.msen.com [148.59.6.20]) by arl-img-1.compuserve.com (8.6.10/5.950515)
	id XAA07570; Sun, 2 Jun 1996 23:52:35 -0400
Received: (from brain@localhost) by conch.aa.msen.com (8.7.4/8.6.12) id XAA26489; Sun, 2 Jun 1996 23:52:28 -0400 (EDT)
From: brain@conch.aa.msen.com (Jim Brain)
To: 103243.446@CompuServe.COM
Subject: Re: Commodore Master List
Date: Sun, 02 Jun 1996 21:55:33 -0400
Message-ID: <VYksxwyjtQrA090yn@mail.msen.com>
In-Reply-To: <960528083754_103243.446_IHH54-1@CompuServe.COM>
X-Mailer: Yarn 0.90 with YES 0.22
X-URL: http://www.msen.com/~brain/
Lines: 906



>I'VE AN ITEM OF COMMODORE MANUFACTURE  THAT I DIDN'T SEE ON YOUR COMPREHENSIVE
>LIST ON LOADSTAR#130 : MAGIC VOICE SPEECH MODULE (C64C64850)
>P/N 319000-01. IT IS FOR USE WITH THE C64 & SX64 ]; PLUGS INTO THE CARTRIDGE
>PORT & HAS AN RCA TO 5 PIN DIN CABLE. IT ALSO HAS A TOP LOADING ROM CARTRIDGE
>PORT FOR USE WITH THE CARTRIDGES" GORF" "THE WIZARD OF WOR" "COUNTING BEE" & "The Magic Desk+1"
>

That list was old.  I think it is on the latest list:

In the list it is referred to as 64850.  Is you number more correct?

Jim



Here is the newest edition of the Canonical List of Commodore Products.  It
contains informations on every piece of Commodore equipment I have heard of 
to date.  Please help me weed out all the inconsistencies and nail down all
the information.

==========================Notes for this Release==============================

PET models were also named with CBM prefixes. i.e PET 4016 = CBM 4016.

If you know of a model that is listed above that had differing properties,
please tell me.  Examples are a bigger monitor than what I have listed,
Different closing mechanism on Drive, etc.  

This list comprises all machines that have been put out in some market.
For this reason, the 364, C65, and others are not here.  They are below.

The stars indicate that someone has seen this machine in production.
Their friends own one, etc.

The two letters at far right indicate that someone owns this machine.
The names are in Mnemonic, and the expansions are directly above these 
notes.

Before emailing me with updates to an item, please make sure the item number 
is not alrady in the list.  Sometimes I have people tell me that X is a 
disk drive, when X is in the list already as something else.  I can't tell
which one is right, so if you find contradictory info, please acknowledge
that your info does not match mine and what your opinion is regarding which
info is correct.

Any item that has letters after it in the far right column not only exists,
but is owned by someone.  Now, a typo is always possible, but please keep
that in mind when telling me an item was never made, since Commodore 
sometimes never marketed an item in some countries.

I put in any item that I think _might_ have made it to market, so everyone
needs to continually check up on me.  

There list is in two parts: Marketed and Not-Marketed, since some models
were produced but never sold at the time of production (C65 is one of them),
and some models never got past the "pipe-dream" stage.

The newest version of this file can be retrieved from Jim Brain's MAILSERV
server.  Just send an email message:
   
To: brain@mail.msen.com
Subject: MAILSERV
Body:
send cbmmodel.txt
help
ls
quit

This will retrieve the newest version.  

Interested persons can now subscribe to the CBMMODEL Mailing
List.  To add your name to the list, please mail a message:

To: brain@mail.msen.com
Subject: MAILSERV
Body:
subscribe cbmmodel Firstname Lastname msglen
help
quit

Note: msglen is maximum number of text lines you can receive in an 
email messsage.  a value of 0 means maxlines.  All parameters to the
subscribe command are necessary.  The newest version of the list will be
mailed to you when posted to the newsgroup.

I hope you enjoy the list.  It is the result of over 3 years of continual
updating.

Jim Brain
602 N. Lemen
Fenton, MI  48430
brain@mail.msen.com

======================Questions Still Left to Answer==========================

The 500 series baffles me.  George obviously has a P500 machine.  Was there
more in the P series?  Are the 500 series just rebadged B series-40 machines?
Enquiring minds want to know.  I have seen claims that the B500 machines
are 80 column, but the P500 of Page's looks pretty much like a 40 column
machine.  Argh.

Ernie Chorney:  Is your CBM 500 really a 500, or does it have another
number?

Does the MPC 801 exist?  Does anyone have more detailed info?  Was it just a 
rebadged MCS 801?

The PET 2001NT:  Which PET 2001 was it, 08,16,32?

Some needs to explain to me why the 700 model is an LP machine when the rest
of the 700 line are HP machines....

===========Canonical List of Commodore Computer Equipment (96-01-30)==========

---------------------Products Produced In Some Quantity:----------------------

Calculator Series:
* 202           electric, 1 digit display with slider indiciator, 
                black case, white keypad, black,white,red keys SN B-63768   WW
* 208           mechanical tape calc with red/black ribbon.                 MI
*               Blue LEDs, basic math, cream color, blue/red butons.        TA
*               Scientific calc, made in England, 44 extra keys             BD
* 401           paper readout, darkgreen/bluegreen                          DV
  770D
* 774D          Red LED, 9 digit, white keys.  Red clear and blue op keys.  BA
  776M
* 797D          Red LED, basic math+memory and percentage, cream/blk keys   BD
* 887D          8 dig Red LED, white, black trim, white, red, blue keys.    RI
* 897D          10 digit Red LED, basic math, percent, one memory.          GK
* C108          green LED, basic math, black, colored buttons               DV
  GL976MR
  GL979R
* LC5K2                                                                     JC
* MM3M          Cream, Colored buttons, Red LED readout, basic math, 1 mem. JB
* MM3M (Conv)   MM3M with Volume, Area, Metric Conversions                  JP
* N80           10 dig LED, white nums, blue func, lt-blu mem, navigational FR
* SR-1400       "Electronic Slide Rule Calculator" may 5, 1975              JS
* SR-1800       Black, Colored buttons, Green LED readout, Trig.            FB

Trainer Series:
* KIM-1         Computer Trainer:  Has hex keypad and LED readout          

PET 2000 Series:Renamed to CBM 20XX, XX = RAM, when Philips forbid PET use.
                Most CBM renamed units powered up in lowercase and had a 
                different keyboard config, while the PET machines booted in
                uppercase.
* PET 2001-4K   4kB, Chiclet Keys, Built-In Cassette, Black Trim.           GP
* PET 2001-8K   8kB, Chiclet Keys, Built-In Cassette, Blue Trim, 9" screen  GP
  PET 2001-16K  16kB, Chiclet Keys, Built-In Cassette, Blue Trim, 9" screen
  PET 2001-32K  32kB, Chiclet Keys, Built-In Cassette, Blue Trim, 9" screen
  PET 2001B-8   8kB, Business Style, no Graphics on Keys, 12" screen
  PET 2001B-16  16kB, Business Style, no Graphics on Keys, 12" screen
  PET 2001B-32  32kB, Business Style, no Graphics on Keys, 12" screen
  PET 2001N-8   8kB, Home Computer, Graphics on Keys, 12" screen, Num. Keys
* PET 2001N-16  16kB, Home Computer, Graphics on Keys, 9" screen, Num. Keys CH
  PET 2001N-16  16kB, Home Computer, Graphics on Keys, 12" screen, Num. Keys
* PET 2001N-32  32kB, Home Computer, Graphics on Keys, BASIC 4.0, Num. Keys.CS
* PET 2001NT    Teacher's PET.  Same as 2001N, just rebadged
* MDS 6500      Modified 2001N-32 with matching 2040 drive.  500 made.      GP

CBM 3000 Series: 40 Col. Screen, BASIC 2.0-2.3, Same Board as Thin 4000
                 3001 series in Germany were just 2001's with big Keyboard.
* CBM 3008      8kB, 9" Screen.                                             EG
* CBM 3016      16kB 
* CBM 3032      32kB.                                                       SL

CBM 4000 Thin Series: 9" Screen, 40 Column Only, Basic 4.0.
CBM 4000 Fat Series:  12" Screen, Upgradeable to 80 Column, When upgraded
                      to 80 Columns, the systems were 8000's. 
  CBM 4004      4kB, One Piece.
* CBM 4008      8kB, One Piece.                                             SF
* CBM 4016      16kB, One Piece.                                            KK
* CBM 4032      32kB, One Piece                                             JB
* CBM 4064      Educator 64 in 40XX case. green screen (no Fat option)      GP

CBM 8000 Series:12" Screen, 80 Column, BASIC 4.0
                SK means "SoftKey", or "Separated Keyboard"  All -SK and d
                units were enclosed in CBM 700/B series HP cases.
  CBM 8008      8kB, One Piece
  CBM 8016      16kB, One Piece
* CBM 8032      32kB, One Piece                                             GP
* CBM 8032-32 B 8032 in Higher Profile case (HP).  Could install LP drives. GP
* CBM 8032 SK   32kB, Detached Keyboard, SK = SoftKey or Separated Keyboard.EG
  CBM 8096      96kB, 8032 with 64kB ram card
* CBM 8096 SK   96kB, Detached Keyboard.
* CBM 8096d     8096 + 8250LP                                               SL
* CBM 8296      128kB, Detached Keyboard, Brown like 64, LOS-96 OS          TL
* CBM 8296d     8296 + 8250LP                                               SL
* "CASSIE"      Synergistics Inc. rebadged 8032                             AH
  
SuperPet Series:Sold in Germany as MMF (MicroMainFrame) 9000
                Machines sold in Italy had 134kB of RAM.
* CBM SP9000    Dual uP 6502/6809, 96kB RAM, business keyboard.             GP

CBM B Series:   6509 @ 2MHz, 6545/6845 Video, 6526 CIA, 6581 SID, BASIC 4.5.
                Commodore differentiated between the HP (High Profile) and
                LP (Low Profile) series by naming all HP machine CBM.
                (B128-80HP was CBM128-80).  Also, any machine with optional
                8088 CPU card had 'X' after B or CBM (BX128-80).
* CBM B128-80HP 128kB, Detached Keyboard, Cream.                            GP
* CBM B128-80LP 128kB, One-Piece, Cream, New Keyboard.                      GP
* CBM B256-80HP 256kB, Detached Keyboard, Cream.
* CBM B256-80LP 256kB, One-Piece, Cream.                                    GP
* CBM B128-40   6567, 6581, 6509, 6551, 128kB.  In B128-80LP case. (P500?)
  CBM B256-40   6567, 6581, 6509, 6551, 256kB.  In B128-80LP case.      


CBM 500 Series: 6509, 6567, 6581, 6551.
                Sometimes called PET II series.  Most are simply B128-80 LP
                machines with more RAM.
* CBM 500       256kB. (is this the 500, or should it 515?)                 EC
* CBM 505       64kB.
* CBM 510       128kB.
* CBM P500      64kB                                                        GP
* CBM B500      128kB. board same as B128-80.                               GP

CBM 600 Series: Same as B series LP
* CBM 610       B128-80 LP                                                  CS
* CBM 620       B256-80 LP                                                  CS
                   
CBM 700 Series: Same as B series HP.  Also named PET 700 Series
* CBM 700       B128-80 LP (Note this unit is out of place here)
* CBM 710       B128-80 HP                                                  SL
* CBM 720       B256-80 HP                                                  GP
* CBM 730       720 with 8088 coprocessor card

VIC-20 Series:  22*23 screen, 5kB RAM,  Basic 2.0, one piece. 
                Could be hooked to TV with RF modulator.
                Cream (C), or Off-White (O) case.
                Flat top keys with Square type font on keycaps (S),
                Indent top keys with somewhat square font and thin letters
                for RESTORE/CLR/HOME/INST... (I), or
                Indent top keys with rounded type font (R).
                2 Prong PS adaptor (2) or DIN PS adaptor (D).
                Black/Silver Decals (B), or Brown/Color Decals (H).
                5 pin video connector (5), or 8 pin video connector (8)
* VIC-20 1      SOB2                                                        GP
* VIC-20 2      ICHD                                                        GP
* VIC-20 3      ROB2                                                        GP
* VIC-20 4      RCHD8                                                       JB
* VIC-20 5      SCHD                                                        JB
* VIC-20 6      VIC with 2001K Keyboard.                                    MS
* VIC-20 7      RCBD5                                                       SD
* VIC-10        Japanese VIC with 2001K keyboard.
* VC-20         SCHD5 (German) (source says has beige instead of grey? case)
* VC-20         RCHD5 (German)                                              MH

CBM-64 Series:  40*25 screen, 64kB RAM, BASIC 2.0, one piece, TV ouput.
                Called VIC-64 in Sweden.
                Off-white VIC case (O), Brown Breadbox case (B),
                Cream Breadbox case (C)
                Flat top keys with Square type font on keycaps (S),
                Indent top keys with somewhat square font and thin letters
                for RESTORE/CLR/HOME/INST... (I), or
                Indent top keys with rounded type font (R).
                Black/Silver Decals (L), or Brown/Color Decals (H).
                5 pin video connector (5), or 8 pin video connector (8)
                
* CBM 64 1      SO
* CBM 64 2      SBH8                                                        JB
* CBM 64 3      RBH8                                                        JB
* CBM 64 4      RCH8 (Referred to as a C64G)                                ME
* CBM 64 (JP)   Chiclet Keyboard sold in Japan. (Might be MAX Machine)
* SX-64         Portable 64 With 5" Color Screen, One 1541 Built-in.        GP
* CBM-64C       Cream Sloping Case, Cream Keys, GFX on front of keys        JB
* CBM-64C       Cream Sloping Case, Cream Keys, GFX on top of keys.         JB
* Educator 64-1 64 Rev1 Kernal without monitor in 64 case.                  RS
* Educator 64-2 64 Rev1 Kernal, green monitor, PET case.                    GP
* PET64         CBM 4064 (Eductor 64-2)                                     GP
* (Color) MAX   64 with 16kB, no Keyboard, just Exp. Port and Video Out.    EC
  Unimax        MAX Machine.
  Ultimax       MAX Machine.
  CBM VC-10     C-64 with stripped down Basic 2.0, 2.5kB RAM, Ultimax
* CBM C64GS     Game Console, GS = Game System. 64 with no keyboard.        MM

C-128 Series:   128kB, Cream Case, 40*25 and 80*25 screen, 64 and CP/M em.
* C-128         One-Piece Unit, 16kB VDC.                                   GP
* C-128         One-Piece Unit, 64kB VDC.
* C-128D-1      Two-Piece,16K VDC, Internal 1571CR, Plastic Case, Fan.
* C-128D-2      C128D with 64K VDC, Metal Case, No Fan.                     GP
* C-128DCR      C128D with 64K VDC, Metal Case, Cost Reduced, No Fan.       DL
                (could be just another name for C128D-2)

CBM 264 Series: Charcoal Grey Case, 40*25 screen
* Plus/4        New Keyboard and Case design, 64kB RAM, 6551 UART           GP
* C-16          64 Case and Keyboard Style, 16kB RAM                        JB
* C-116         C-16 with Chiclet keys and smaller case                     SL

Amiga Series:   680X0 processor, Off White Case
* A500          One piece, 68000, Off-White, 880K 3.5" Floppy               FF
* A500+         A500 + 2MB Agnus, 1MB Chip Ram Expandable to 2 MB
* A600          One piece, 68000, White,ECS Chips,PCMCIA Slot,880K Floppy.
* A600HD        A600 with 40 MB HD.
* A1000         Detached Keyboard, 68000, Cream, 256kB, 880K Floppy.
* A1000-1       Detached older style keyboard, 68000, no daughterboard      CS
* A1000-2       Has both daughter and motherboards                          YC
* A1200         White, 68EC020, PCMCIA slot,AGA graphics, one piece.
  A1200HD/40    A1200 with 40 MB HD.
* A1500         UK released A2000 with two drives
* A2000A        detached keyboard, slots, 68000, .5 MB on board, .5 MB on
                card in processor slot, German design
* A2000B        US design, 1 MB on motherboard, CPU slot free
* A2000HD       A2000 with installed 50 MB SCSI hard disk.
* A2500/20      A2000 with A2620(68020,68881,68851 @14.3MHz) processor card.CS
* A2500/30      A2000 with A2630(68030,68882 @25 MHz) processor card.       CS
* A2500UX       A2500 with UNIX and TapeDrive
* A3000/16      ECS graphics, 68030 and 68881 @ 16 MHz, SCSI hard drive
* A3000/25      ECS graphics, 68030 and 68882 @ 25 MHz, SCSI hard drive
* A3000T        Tower Case with more slots.
* A3000T/40     Tower Case with more slots and 68040
* A3000UXA      A3000 with ATT Unix V.4, 5MB RAM, 100MB HD.
* A3000UXB      A3000 with ATT Unix V.4, 10MB RAM, 200MB HD.
* A4000/030     AGA graphics, 68EC030, IDE HD, 1.76 MB Floppy, no MMU.
* A4000/040     White, AGA graphics, 68040, IDE HD, 1.76 MB Floppy.         FF
* A4000T        Tower Case with More Slots.
* Amiga CD32    Based on A1200, double speed CD-ROM, no keyboard.
* CDTV          Black case, based on A500+ with CD-ROM, no keyboard, Remote.FF

PC Series:
* A1060         DOS/PC SideCar that connects to an A1000.
* A2088         8088 BridgeBoard for A2000 and higher (4.77 MHz).
* A2088D        A2088 @ 9.54 MHz.
* A2286/8       80286 @ 8MHz BridgeCard.
* A2386/16      80386 @ 16MHz BridgeCard.
* A2386/20      80386 @ 20MHz BridgeCard.
* A2386/25      80386 @ 25MHz BridgeCard.
* PC-1          8088 @ 4.77 MHz, Non-expandable.
  PC-IV         ???
* PC-5          8088 @ 4.77 MHz, 256kB RAM, 360kB 5.25" FD, monochrome.     SL
* PC-10         8088 @ 4.77 MHz, 256kB RAM, 2 Floppies, Large Case, German.
* PC-10 HD      PC-10 with 640kB RAM, 360kB 5.25" FD, 30 MB HD.
* PC-20         PC-10 with 1 Floppy/1 10MB HD.                              RS
* PC-30         80186 (US only)                                             RS
* PC-40         80286 @ 10 MHz, Large Case                                  RS
* PC-50         80386SX @ 25MHz.                                            RS
* PC-60         80386DX @ 16 MHz German.
* PC-70         Pentium, US only model.
* PC-10 II      PC-10 with "Combined Board", 640 KB RAM.
* PC 20-II      PC-10 II with 1 floppy, 10 MB HD, later 20 MB.
* PC 10-III-1   PC-10, large case, CGA + Hercules.
* PC 10-III-2   PC-10, small case, turbo mode 9.54 MHz, CGA + Hercules.
* PC 20-III     PC-10 III with 1 floppy, 20 MB HD.
* PC 30-III     cheaper variant of PC 40-III (EGA, smaller HD, etc.).
* PC 35-III     PC-30 III with VGA
* PC 40-III-1   AT with 80286, 12 MHz, HD floppy, 20 MB HD, VGA&iO on cards 
* PC 40-III-2   PC 40-III, Colt style "all-in-one" board, called Sel. Ed. 286
* PC 40-III-3   PC 40-III in tower case.
* PC 45-III     a bit bigger HD
* PC 60-III     AT 80386 @ 25 MHz, 0-200 MB HD, 5.25" and 3.5" FD, Tower.
* PC Colt       Denoted a line of rebadged CBM PC units.
  SL 286 AT     80286 @ 16 MHz, VGA, 2MB RAM, 40 MB HD, 3.5" FD, Slimline.
  SL 286 AT     as above but with extra 5.25" FD, Slimline.
  SL 386 SX     80386SX @ 16 MHz, VGA, 2MB RAM, 40 MB HD, 3.5" FD.
  SL 386-SX25   80386SX @ 25 MHz, SVGA 2MB RAM, 80 MB HD.
  DT 386-25     80386DX @ 25 MHz, VGA, 1MB RAM, 40 MB HD, Desktop.
  DT 386-33 C   80386DX @ 33 MHz, SVGA, 4MB RAM, 80/100 MB HD.
  DT 486-33 C   80486DX @ 33 MHz, SVGA, 4MB RAM, 80-120 MB HD.
  DT 486SX-25   80486SX @ 25 MHz, SVGA, 4MB RAM, 80 MB HD.
* DT 486SX-25   80486SX @ 25 MHz, SVGA, 4MB RAM, 120 MB HD.                 DA
  DT 486-25 C   80486DX @ 25 MHz, SVGA?, 4MB RAM, 100 MB HD.
  T 486-25 C    DT 486-25 C in Tower Case.
  T 486-50 C    80486DX @ 50 MHz, SVGA, 4MB RAM, 120 MB HD.
* C 286 LT 12   80286 @ 12.5 MHz, 1MB RAM, 20 MB HD, 3.5" FD Notebook.
* C 386SX-LT 20 80386SX @ 20 MHz, VGA, 2MB RAM, 40 MB HD Notebook.
* C 386SX-LT 20 80386SX @ 20 MHz, VGA, 2MB RAM, 60 MB HD Notebook.
* C 486SX-CLT   80486SX color notebook.
* 4S3MPC        80486SX @ 33 MHz, VESA SVGA, 4MB RAM, 170 MB HD, *2 CD/Snd

Cassette Series:Took regular cassettes, non standard format data.
                Note: 1530 is same as C2N.  Therefore, variations were not
                expanded.
* CBM C2N-1     Black, 8.00"Lx5.25"Wx2.50"H, 5 button, No Tape Ctr.         GP
* CBM C2N-2     Cream C2N-1, Tinted Window, Tape Counter.                   GP
* CBM C2N-3     C2N-3 with bolder logo.                                     GP
* CBM C2N-4     Cream, 6.00"Lx7.75"Wx2.00"H, 6 button,Clear Win., Tape Ctr. GP
* CBM C2N-5     C2N-3 with no counter label, orange under cassette.         GP
* CBM C2N-6     C2N-4 with no save label, bolder logo.                      GP
* CBM 1531      Charcoal Grey C2N-6, Commodore 16/+4 Cassette Drive         TH
* CBM Load-It   LED Readout, Adjustment Screw

Disk Drive Series:
* Amiga 1010    Single 3.5" 880K, offered for Amiga 1000, AmigaSerial.
* Amiga 1011    Single 3.5" 880K, offered for Amiga 500 & 2000, AmigaSerial.JM
* Amiga 1020    Single 5.25", 440K Amiga, 360K MS-DOS, In 1571 Case.        CS
* Amiga 2010    Single 3.5", 880K Internal for A2000/2500.
* Amiga 2020    Single 5.25", 440K Internal for A2000.
* Amiga 3010    Single 3.5", 1.76M Dual Speed, internal.
* CBM 1541      *All types, see VIC 1541*
* CBM 1541C     Single 5.25" 170K, updated 1541, Brown, Turn-Down,Serial.
* CBM 1541C     Single 5.25" 170K, updated 1541, Cream, Turn-Down,Serial.   GP
* CBM 1541C     Single 5.25" 170K, updated 1541, Cream, Push-Down,Serial.   GP
* CBM 1541 II   Single 5.25" 170K, Cream, Sep. PS, Direct Drive, Serial.    GP
* CBM 1541 II   Single 5.25" 170K, Cream, Sep. PS, Belt Drive, Serial.      JB
* CBM 1542      Single 5.25" 170K, Charcoal Grey, Serial.
* CBM 1551      1541, Push-Down Closure, Chacoal Grey, TED Parellel.        RJ
* CBM 1570      Single 5.25" SS Version of 1571, Cream in 1541 case.        GP
* CBM 1571      Single 5.25" 340K(128),170K(64),CPM,Cream,Alps Mech,Serial. GP
* CBM 1571      Single 5.25" 340K(128),170K(64),CPM,Cream,NewT Mech,Serial. GP
* CBM 1571CR    Internal 1571 used in C128D
* CBM 1572      Dual 1571, Cream color, 5000 made, side-by-side device 8&9
* CBM 1581      Single 3.5" 800K, Cream, Serial.                            JB
* CBM 2031      Single 5.25" 170K, Off-White, IEEE-488.                     GP
* CBM 2031-SL   Single 5.25" 170K, Off-White, IEEE-488.
* CBM 2031 LP   Single 5.25" 170K, DOS2.6, Off-White, 1541 Case,IEEE-488.   GP
* CBM 2031 LP   Single 5.25" 170K, DOS2.6, Tan, 1541 Case,IEEE-488.         GP
* CBM 2040      Dual 5.25" 170K, DOS1.0, Off-White, No Rel Files, IEEE-488. GP
* CBM 2040      Dual 5.25" 170K, DOS1.2, Off-White, No Rel Files, IEEE-488. GP
* CBM 2081      Single 5.25" ?????                               
* CBM 3040      2040.                                                       GP
* CBM 4031 HP   2031 HP. (Has 4040 Mechanism)                               SL
* CBM 4031 LP   2031 LP.
* CBM 4040      Dual 5.25" 170K, DOS2.0, Off-White, IEEE-488.
* CBM 4040      Dual 5.25" 170K, DOS2.1, Off-White, IEEE-488.               GP
* CBM 8050      Dual 5.25" 512K, DOS2.1, Off-White, IEEE-488.
* CBM 8050      Dual 5.25" 512K, DOS2.5, Off-White, IEEE-488.               GP
* CBM 8050      Dual 5.25" 512K, DOS2.7, Off-White, IEEE-488.               JB
* CBM 8060      Dual 8", 750K, Off-White, IEEE-488.
* CBM 8061      Dual 8", 1.5M, Off-White, IEEE-488.                         GP
* CBM 8250      Dual 5.25" 1MB, DOS2.7, Off-White, IEEE-488.                GP
* CBM 8250 LP   Dual 5.25" 1MB, DOS2.7, Off-White, Half Height, IEEE-488.   GP
* CBM 8280      Dual 8" 1MB, DOS3.0, Off-White, Read IBM disks, Slimline.   PZ
* CBM D9060     5 MB Hard Drive, DOS3.0, Off-White, IEEE-488.               GP
* CBM D9090     7.5 MB Hard Drive, DOS3.0, Off-White, IEEE-488.             GP
* CD 1411       Black version of Amiga 1011. CDTV dedicated.
* PC 910        Single 3.5" 360K/720K, Internal for PC10/20-I-II-III.
* PC 915        Newer 910.
* PC 920        Single 5.25" 360K/1.2M, Internal for PC10/20-I-II-III.
* SFD 1001      Single 5.25" 1MB, In 1541 Case, DOS2.7, Brown, IEEE-488.    JB
* SFS 481       CBM 1551. (This was its first number, then they renamed it)
* VIC 1540      Single 5.25" 170K, Off-White, Xfer spd > 1541, Serial.
* VIC 1541      Single 5.25" 170K, Push-Down Closure, Off-White, Serial     GP
* VIC 1541      Single 5.25" 170K, Push-Down Closure, Brown, Serial.        JB
* VIC 1541      Single 5.25" 170K, Turn-Down Closure, Brown, Serial.        JB

Printer Series:
* CBM 530       Small Receipt Printer, 70mm paper roll, black/red ribbon    BC
* CBM 1526      80 Col. 8.5" Wide 8*8 Matrix No GFX, Brown, Serial 60cps.   JB
  CBM 2020      ?
  CBM 2021      80 Col. Matrix Electrosatic (Thermal) Printer, GFX.
* CBM 2022      80 Col. 8.5" Wide 7*6 Matrix No GFX, Off-White, IEEE-488.   GP
* CBM 2023      Friction-Only 2022.
* CBM 3022      2022 for PET 3000, IEEE-488.                                SL
* CBM 3023      2023 for PET 3000, IEEE-488.                                TL
* CBM 4022      80 Col, 10" Wide 8*6 Matrix No GFX, Epson MX-80, IEEE-488.  SL
* CBM 4022p     Bidirectional 4022, Epson MX-70?, IEEE-488.
* CBM 4023      80 Col. 10" Wide 8*8 Matrix No GFX, NLQ, Brown, IEEE-488.   GP
* CBM 6400      C.Itoh Starwriter F10-40, Centronics or IEEE-488            SL
  CBM 8022      ?
* CBM 8023      80 Col. 14" Wide 8*8 Matrix No GFX, Off White, IEEE-488     JB
  CBM 8023P     136 Col. 15" Wide 8*6 Matrix, GFX, IEEE-488.
* CBM 8024      132 Col. Mannesman Tally, 7*7, Upgrade to 7*9, Cream, IEEE.
* CBM 8024/A    132 Col. Mannesman Tally, 9*7, 160 cps bidirectional.       SL
* CBM 8024L     8024 Multi-Pass NLQ Printer, IEEE-488.
* CBM 8026      OLYMPIA ESW-103, TypeWriter Printer, IEEE-488.
* CBM 8026b     8026 Extended.?
* CBM 8027      8026 without Keys, IEEE-488.
* CBM 8028      132 Col. 15" Daisy-Wheel, (Robotron), Cent./IEEE-488         SL
* CBM 8075      Plotter, available in 1 and 8 pen variety, IEEE-488
* CBM 8229      8028 with 16kB print buffer.
* CBM 8300P     Diablo 630, Daisy Wheel, Cream, IEEE-488.
  CBM-P1        Daisy Wheel Printer.
* DPS 1101      132 Col. 13", Daisy-Wheel, Friction Feed, Juki 6100, Serial.
* DPS 1120      116-175 Col. 14.5" wide Daisy, Black, Serial.  (Olympia)    RH
* LPS 2000      Laser Printer, Centronics (Possibly German Only).
* MCS 801       80 Col. 8.5" Wide 8*8 Matrix GFX Color, Serial.             FB
  MPC 801       Juki Color Printer
* MPP 1361      8023P.                                                      GP
* MPS 801       80 Col. 8.5" Wide 7*6 Matrix GFX, Brown, Serial.            GP
* MPS 802       1526.                                                       JB
* MPS 803       80 Col. 8.5" Wide 7*6 Matrix GFX, Brown, Serial.            GP
* MPS 803       80 Col. 8.5" Wide 7*6 Matrix GFX, Charcoal Grey, Serial.    GP
* MPS 810       Okimate 10 ?                                                CA
* MPS 820       Okimate 20 ?                                                CA
* MPS 1000      Epson HomeWriter, US Version. 9 pin, 100cps draft.
* MPS 1000      Epson HomeWriter, Intl. version with switchable charsets.   GD
* MPS 1000      Seikosha 1000.
* MPS 1200      Citizen 120D. Serial or optional Cent. Parallel.            BW
* MPS 1224C     Mannesmann Tally, 24 pin Color Printer, MT Printer, Ser/Par
* MPS 1230      Citizen
* MPS 1250      Citizen, Serial/Centronics.
* MPS 1270      Ink Jet Printer, uses Kodak Diconix Cartridges, Centronics. DL
* MPS 1550      9 pin printer, Centronics.
* MPS 1550C     9 pin 4 color Printer, OLIVETTI DM105, Centronics.          MH
* MPS 2000      NEC P6
* MPS 2000C     NEC P6 Color
* MPS 2010      NEC P7
* MPS 2010C     NEC P7 Color
* VIC 1515      80 Col. 7.0" Wide 6*7 Matrix GFX, Off White, Serial.        GY
* VIC 1520      80 Col. 4.0" Wide Plotter, GFX, Off White, 4 color. Serial
* VIC 1520      80 Col. 4.0" Wide Plotter, GFX, Brown, Paper Cover,Ser.     GY 
* VIC 1520      80 Col. 4.0" Wide Plotter, GFX, Brown, No Paper Cover,Ser.  PZ
* VIC 1525      80 Col. 8.5" Wide 7*6 Matrix GFX, Off-White, Serial.        JB
  VIC 1525e     same as 1525, but packaged for 64.  Might have slower bus?.

Monitor Series:
* CBM 1070      Dig&Analog RGBI.                                            BR
* CBM 1080      13" Comp. Sep, Dig&Analog RGB                               YC
* CBM 1081      1987 German Amiga Monitor                                   MK
* CBM 1084      1080 with squarer case .42mm dot pitch
* CBM 1084S-P   13" Comp, Sep, Dig&Analog RGBI, 1902 case, Stereo.          FF
* CBM 1084S-D   13" Comp, Sep, Dig&Analog RGBI, 1080 case, Stereo.          JB
* CBM 1084S-D1  13" Comp, Sep, Dig&Analog RGBI, 1084 case, Stereo.
* CBM 1085S     14" .52mm dot pitch 1084
* CBM 1402      12" Hercules Monitor                                        SM
* CBM 1403      13" VGA.
* CBM 1404      14" Amber Monochrome.
* CBM 1407      14" VGA Monochrome, 64 grey tones.
* CBM 1450      Monochrome BISYNC monitor.
  CBM 1601      12" Monochrome monitor.
  CBM 1701      13" Comp, Sep, Came with 5 pin DIN adaptor
* CBM 1702      13" Comp, Sep, Came with 8 pin DIN adaptor.
  CBM 1703      Repackaged 1702 for X64 series,  Was Charcoal Grey.
* CBM 1801      14" Comp, Sep, PAL.                                         JT
* CBM 1802      13" Comp, Sep, Mono, Grey, one big knob in front.           PS
* CBM 1802      13" Comp, Sep, Mono, Grey, Two small knobs in front.
* CBM 1802      13" Comp, Sep, Mono, Cream, Tilted screen.
* CBM 1802C     13" Comp, Sep, Mono, Cream, Straight screen.
* CBM 1900      12" Green Mono Monitor.
  CBM 1901      European 128 Monitor (Thomson).
* CBM 1902      13" Comp, Sep, Digital RGBI, has a 9 pin RGB plug.          MP
* CBM 1902A     13" Comp, Sep, Digital RGBI, Looks like 1084, DIN RGB plug. DL
* CBM 1903      13" EGA 
* CBM 1904      13" EGA
* CBM 1930      14" VGA .31mm dot pitch.
* CBM 1934      14" VGA .39mm dot pitch.
* CBM 1935-II   14" SVGA, .28mm dot pitch, MPR-II low radiation.
* CBM 1936      14" SVGA .28mm dot pitch.
* CBM 1944      13" EGA Low Radiation
* CBM 1940      Amiga Multiscan Monitor
* CBM 1942      Amiga Multiscan Monitor                                     FF
* CBM 1950      13" MultiScan
* CBM 1960      13" MultiScan
* CBM 2002-23   13" Comp, Sep, Dig&Analog RGBI.                             CS
* CBM 2002-89   13" Comp, Sep, Dig&Analog RGBI.
  CBM 2020                        
* CBM 2024      15" Grey scale 1024*1024(PAL), 1024*800(NTSC).              IN
* CBM 2080      13" CBM 1080 with High Persistence Phosphors.               TM
* CBM CM141     13" Comp, Sep., Grey.                                       WS
* CBM CM8833                                                                JA
* CBM DM-10     12" CGA monochrone text monitor for PC-10.
* Viking        Moniterm: 19" Grey Scale 1024*1024, Made by Moniterm/CBM.
                2024 is similar, but has electronics in monitor.

Modem Series:   Direct Connect (8010 is aucoustic).
* Amiga RS1200  0-1200 bps, Hayes Compatible
* Btx-Modul I   Cartridge IC to display CEPT GFX (BTX = German CIS)
* Btx-Modul II  Upgraded version of Btx-Modul I.
* CBM 1650      0-300 bps, Pulse Dial
* CBM 1660      0-300 bps, Pulse Dial, Tone Dial with 64, Brown/White       DV
* CBM 1660      0-300 bps, Pulse Dial, Tone Dial with 64, Cream/Black       DV
* CBM 1670      0-1200 bps, Hayes Compatible, ATS0=0 turns off Auto-Answer
* CBM 1670CR    1670 with DIP switches to turn off default auto-answer      JB
* CBM 1680      1670 with true RS-232 for Amiga.
* CBM 6499      300/300 and 1200/75 bps modem for 64. Italian Compunet?     FF
* CBM 8010      0-300 bps, US & Euro Versions, IEEE-488                     SL
* Compunet      plugged into Exp. Port, Cream case.
* VIC 1600      0-300 bps, No dial.                                         JB
* VM 2400       0-2400 bps, CCITT V.24, Model 701324, BTX, MNP 5, V.42bis   RL

Mouse Series:
* CBM 1350      Emulates Joystick only
* CBM 1351      Does both Joystick and Real Mouse Movements                 JB
* CBM 1352      Amiga 2 button Mouse, will work with PC-III models.
* CBM 1360      Serial Mouse for PC series.
* 313254-01     2 button Amiga mouse.
* 313255-01     3 button Amiga mouse.                                       CS
* CD1252        Amiga 2 button mouse, black, infrared, CDTV dedicated

RAM Expanders:    
* 8032099       64kB RAM for 8032.                                          RS
* A501          512kB for Amiga 500
* A501+         1MB for Amiga 500+
* A601          1MB for Amiga 600
* A1050         256kB for Amiga 1000 (Under Front Cover)                    CS
* A2058-2       2MB for Amiga 2000
* CBM 1700      128kB.                                                      WS
* CBM 1750      512kB                          
* CBM 1764      256kB.                                                      JB
* CD 1401       Personal RAM Card for CDTV (64kB)
* CD 1405       Personal RAM card for CDTV (256kB)
* VIC 1110      8kB for VIC-20                                              WS
* VIC 1111      16kB for VIC-20                                             JB
* VIC 1210      3kB for VIC-20

Joysticks:
                VIC Joystick, Atari style body and stick.
* VIC 1311      VIC Joystick, Rectangular body, triangular stick            JB
* VIC 1312      VIC Paddles                                                 MP
*               Paddles, Dark Grey, Light Grey Knobs.                       GP
* T-1341        Plus 4 Joystick

CPU Upgrade Series:
* Amiga 2620    68020 and 68881 @ 14.3 MHz for A2000                        CS
* Amiga 2630    68030 and 68882 @ 25 MHz for A2000  with 4MB RAM            CS
* Amiga 3640    68040 CPU Card for A3000T.                                  FF 

Networking Series:
* Amiga 560     ARCNET for Amiga 500.
* Amiga 2060    ARCNET for A2000 for star topology
* Amiga 2060    ARCNET for A2000 for bus topology
* Amiga 2065    Ethernet for A2000
* Amiga 2232    7 Port Multi-Serial Card.
* MBS 100       Mehr-Benutzer-System (Multi-User-System) Mother Unit with   SL
                one D-25 and 1 IEEE-488.  Basically a simply-designed
                peripheral-sharing system
* MBS 150       Daughter Unit, had two D-25's and one IEEE-488        
* MBS 150       MBS 150 with extra plug to connect 8032SK                   SL
* MBS-CP        MBS System for Commodore 64.

Miscellaneous Series:
* Amiga 10      Stereo MultiMedia Speakers, Cream.                          CS
* Amiga 520     RF Modulator Channel 3-4, Audio In, Video Out, RF Out       JM
* Amiga 570     CD-ROM for Amiga 500+, CDTV compatible.
* Amiga 590     Ram Expansion 2MB, SCSI and XT bus for A500
* Amiga 1300    Amiga Genlock made for Amiga 1000.
* Amiga 1310    Amiga Genlock.
* Amiga 2031    Amiga PAL Video modulator board for A2000
* Amiga 2032    Amiga PAL Video modulator board for A2000
* Amiga 2070    150.250 MB Tape Drive, uses 1/4" tape, Grey, SCSI, A2000
* Amiga 2090    SCSI and ST506 (MFM)
* Amiga 2090A   Autoboot A2090
* Amiga 2091    SCSI Controller, RAM Expansion.                             CS
* Amiga 2300    Amiga Genlock for A2000.
  Amiga 2301    Semi-professional Genlock (Possibly PAL?)
* Amiga 2320    Deinterlacer card.  Converts 15.75KHz display to 31.5KHz.
* Amiga 2350    Professional Genlock for A2000.
  Amiga 2351    Genlock (PAL?)
* Amiga 2410    "University of Lowell" TIGA Card, 8 bit GFX, TI34010.
  Amiga 2995    Video Master (Direction rack + Genlock + Video Digitizer)
* Amiga 3070    150.250 MB Tape Drive, uses 1/4" tape, Cream, SCSI.         CS
* Amiga 3406    Amiga RF Modulator.
* Amiga 4091    SCSI-2 Controller for Zorro III Slot.
* AMIX          O.S. ATT SysVR4 for A2000. Requires A2620.
* CBM 1399      MicroSwitches Joystick w/ Auto-Fire.
* CBM 4010      Voice Response Unit made by Votrax for PETs.
* CBM 4270      I/O Controller for CBM PET series.                          SL
* CBM 8072      Graphics Tablet, IEEE-488.
* CBM 64850     Magic Voice Module for Commodore 64.
* CBM 60110     Commodore 64 CP/M Cartridge. US model?                      JV
* CBM 606480    Commodore 64 CP/M Cartridge. German model?                  HS
* CD 1200       Black external infrared controller for CDTV.
* CD 1221       Black version of A4000 Keyboard. CDTV dedicated.
* CD 1300       Genlock card for CDTV (NTSC)
* CD 1301       Genlock card for CDTV (PAL)
* CD 1321       SCART card for CDTV
* VIC 1011A     RS-232 Interface, Outputted True RS-232 Voltages
* VIC-1011B     RS-232 20mA Current Loop.                                   NP
* VIC 1112      IEEE-488 Interface.                                         HS
* VIC 1211A     VIC SuperExpander with 3kB RAM Expansion. (for VIC-20)      HS
* VIC 1212      VIC Programmer's Aid. (for VIC-20)
* VIC 1213      VIC Machine Language Monitor. (for VIC-20)                  HS
* VIC 1901      Avenger (VIC Avenger)                                       GY
* VIC 1902      Star Battle
* VIC 1904      Slot (Super Slot), Japan, embossed aluminum label           GY
* VIC 1905      Jelly Monsters, Handic SW, Sweden, silver foil label
* VIC 1906      Alien (Super Alien)                                         GY
* VIC 1907      Jupiter Lander   (Super Lander?)                            GY
* VIC 1908      Poker (Draw Poker)                                          GY
* VIC 1909      Road Race (Midnight Drive)                                  GY
  VIC 1909      Rat Race? Handic SW, Sweden, silver foil label              AB
* VIC 1910      Radar Rat Race                                              GY
* VIC 1911      The Sky Is Falling                                          GY
* VIC 1912      Mole Attack                                                 GY
* VIC 1913      Raid On Fort Knox, Hong Kong, grey plastic label            GY
* VIC 1914      Adventure Land                                              GY
* VIC 1915      Pirate's Cove                                               GY
* VIC 1916      Mission Impossible                                          GY
* VIC 1917      The Count                                                   GY
* VIC 1918      Voodoo Castle                                               GY
* VIC 1919      Sargon II Chess                                             GY
* VIC 1920      Pinball (Pinball Spectacular?), Hong Kong, grey plastic lab GY
* VIC 1921      Super Smash                                                 GY
* VIC 1922      Cosmic Cruncher                                             GY
* VIC 1923      Gorf                                                        GY
* VIC 1924      Omega Race                                                  GY
* VIC 1925      Money Wars                                                  GY
* VIC 1926      Menagerie
* VIC 1927      Cosmic Jailhouse (Cosmic Jailbreak), Hong Kong, grey label
* VIC 1928      Home Babysitter
* VIC 1929      Personal Finance
* VIC 1930      Visible Solar System                                        GY
* VIC 1931      Clowns                                                      GY
* VIC 1932      Garden Wars                                                 GY
* VIC 1933      Speed Math/Bingo Math                                       GY
* VIC 1935      Commodore Artist                                            GY
* VIC 1937      Sea Wolf                                                    GY
* VIC 1938      Tooth Invaders                                              GY
* VIC 1939      Star Post                                                   GY
* VIC 1941      Number Nabber Shape Grabber                                 GY
  VT106A        Recreation Six Pack (Car Chase, Blue Meanies, Space Math,
                Slither/Super Slither, Bioryhtm Capability)   
  VT107A        Home Utility Six Pack (Cassette with Personal Finance I & 2,
                VIC Typewriter, Expense Calendar, Loan and Mort. Calc,
                Home Inventory
*               Blueprint
*               Clowns
*               Frog Master
*               Gorf
*               International Soccer
*               Jupiter Lander
*               Kickman
*               Lazarian
*               Le Mans
*               Magic Desk I
* C-64403       Music Composer
*               Music Machine
*               Omega Race
*               Pinball Spectacular
*               Radar Rat Race
*               Sea Wolf
*               Simons' BASIC
*               Soloar Fox
*               Speed Math/Bingo Math
*               Star Post
*               Star Ranger
*               Tooth Invaders
*               Visible Solar System
*               Tractor Feed for MPS 803
*               HiRes Graphics for PET 4000/8000.
*               MOS Technology EPROM Programmer, Off-White.                 GP
                Single Sheet Feeder for CBM 8028.
* Sound Expander CBM SFX FM Sound Expander: uses FM DSS IC in Yamaha DX7    RW
* Sound Sampler CBM SFX Sound Sampler                                       RW
                CBM 3040 to CBM 4040 ROM upgrade kit.
  VIC 2011      VIC-Stat cartridge.
  VIC 2012      VIC-Graph cartridge.
  VIC 2013      VIC-Forth cartridge.
  VIC 1214      VIC Voice Synthesizer.
  VIC 4011      VIC-REL (Rele') Remote control switch
  VIC 4012      Vic-Switch.  Allow 16 VICs to share drives and printers.
  1001027-03    PAL TV Modulator for VIC-20.                                FF
  324402        High Speed Graphics board for CBM 40XX/80XX.                PO
  CSA 58A-601   Thermostat manufactured for Johnson Controls.               DB
  VIC 1010      VIC-20 Expansion Module                                     GE

------------------Commodore Models Never Produced or Marketed:----------------

Commodore PET Series:
* CBM 4032-P    Portable 4032 Prototype. Had 4032, 4040, and Datasette.     RS
* CBM 8033      Color 8032.
  PETREGISTER   (CBMREGISTER) Cash register PET (based on 8032). 50 units

Commodore VIC Series:
  VIC-20TV      Vic-20 with built in 2" TV
  
Commodore 64 Series:                
  CBM SX-100    Predecessor of the SX-64, had B&W monitor.
  CBM DX-64     SX-64 with two drives.
  
Commodore 264 Series:
* CBM 264       Prototype Plus/4                                            JB
* CBM CV364     264 with keypad and speech synthesizer.
  
Commodore LCD Series: 
  CBM CLCD      Commodore Portable with LCD screen. 1MHz 65C102, BASIC 3.6,
                32 kB RAM, 96 kB ROM, 80x16 text display, 480x128 graphics,
                RS-232-C, Centronics, and H-P Bar Coder Ports, Plus-4 type
                keyboard, no SID, no sprites, ML Monitor in ROM.
  CBM C64Laptop CLCD.

Commodore 128 Series:
  CBM C128PC    Preannounce name for C128.
* CBM C128D/81  Prototype C128D (plastic) with 3.5" drive                   AA

Commodore P series:
  CBM P128      P-500
  
C900 Series:    Prototype UNIX System, dropped after Amiga acquisition
                Zilog Z8000 CPU, Runs Coherent 0.7.3, UNIX 7 clone,
                Built-In Floppy, HD, IEEE-488. MFM Disk Controller, 1MB
                9600 bps, 500 units made. Came in two versions.
* C900/lo       LoRes (80*24 Text, Max 6 Serial Lines)                      PL
* C900/hi       HiRes (1024*800 Graphics 2 Serial Lines)                    SL
* Z 8000/lo     C900/lo                                                     PL
* Z 8000/hi     C900/hi                                                     SL
* CBM 464       C900

Amiga Series:
  A300          Prototype A600
  A300CD        A 300 + CD ROM Drive
  A3000+        3000 with 25MHz 68040, AGA, DSP. (<100 made)
  CDTV-II       CDTV with built in drive
  
Commodore 64DX Series: had both 64 and 65 mode.  built in 1581 style drive.
                       Native mode had BASIC 10.0, dual SID, 128kB and 3.54
                       MHz 6502 derivative CPU with extra addressing modes.
                       Could access >64kB directly.  
* CBM C65       Commodore 64 DX Machine                                     GP

Drive Series:
  CBM 1541H     High density 1541 drive
  CBM 1543      1541H
  CBM 1541D     Double 1541
* CBM 1563      720kB single 3.5". prototype of 1581, found in C128D/81     AA
  CBM 1571 II   1571 with external PS
* CBM 1590-D-1  Single 3.5" 1.44MB, DOS 14.13, 1581 case, Serial.           JV
  CBM 2041      Single 5.25" 170K, DOS1.2,Off-White,No Rel Files,IEEE-488.
  CBM 4040 LP   Dual 5.25" 170K, Off-White, Half Height, IEEE-488
  CBM 8250 LP   Prototype, no "tower" PCBs on motherboard                   PK
  CBM D9062     Dual D9065.
  CBM D9065     7.5 MB Hard Drive   
*               35MB HD, Serial                                             JV

PC Series:
* PC-30         PC-20-II with 20MB HD                                       PK
* PC-70         prototype of TW486-25C                                      PK
  PC-80-1       80386DX @ 16MHz, German.
  PC-80-2       Pentium Pro machine. (US only)
  A2088T        A2088 @ 8 MHz. V20.
  A2286/6       80286 @ 6MHz BridgeCard.
  A2286/10      80286 @ 10MHz BridgeCard.

CPU Upgrade Series:
  Amiga 2630    68030 and 68882 @ 33 MHz for A2000  with 4MB RAM

Miscellaneous Series:
* Amiga 3091    Internal SCSI Controller for A3000.  
                It exists, but is not a product.  It is a nickname for the
                SCSI Controller part of the A3000 Motherboard.
* VIC 1020      Expansion Chassis for VIC

-----------------------------Owner Mnemonics:---------------------------------

AA    Al Anger                   coyote@bridge.net
AB    Adam Bergstrom             adam.bergstrom@um.erisoft.se
BA    Brian Van Avermaete        sespgrrmmr@aol.com
BC    Barbara Clarke             queenbee@mpx.com.au
BD    Bill Dwyne                 dwyne@wchat.on.ca
BR    Bob Richardson
BW    Bill Ward
CA    Chris Alevras
CH    Charlie Hitselberger       72570.2520@compuserve.com
CS    Christian Stich
DA    Doug Armstrong
DB    David Belter
DL    Daniel Lowe
DV    David Villegas             mnementh@netcom.com
EC    Ernie Chorney
EG    Edward Groenenberg
FB    Fredrick Backman
FF    Fabrizio Farenga
FR    Francois Bruggemans        Francois.Bruggemans@ping.be
GD    Gregoire Debaiseux
GE    Gary Pearson
GK    Golan Klinger
GP    George Page
GY    Gil Y. Parrish
HS    Horst Schulte-Schrepping
IN    Thomas 'innot' Holland
JA    Joerg Amhofer              jamhofer@sbox.tu-graz.ac.at
JB    Jim Brain                  brain@mail.msen.com
JC    Joe Cassara
JM    Jon Mines
JP    Jim Spindler               commsys@syspac.com
JS    Jeff Shropshire            jshr@ix.netcom.com
JT    Joe Tiziano
JV    Jack Vanderwhite           ceejack@crl.com
KK    Ken Kopin
ME    Miika Seppanen             smaug@iwn.fi
MH    Michael Herz
MI    Marco Sicco                cshare@ix.netcom.com
MK    Marcel van Kervinck
MM    Marko Makela
MP    Michael Parson
MS    Myles Skinner
NP    Nhat-Veit Phi
PK    Peter Kittel
PL    Pascal Lefrancois          eat@worldnet.net
PO    Peter Soukup
PS    Paul Siu
PZ    Philip Zembrod
RH    Richard Hable
RI    Rich White                 rwhite2@postoffice.ptd.net
RJ    R. Jaycocks
RL    Rob vd Luur                luur@pi.net
RS    Ronald Snyder
RW    Randy Winchester
SD    Shawn Dessaigne            pierrot@jersey.net
SF    Sean Fox                   mailcall@kiva.net
SL    Scott McLauchlan           scott@softserver@canberra.edu.au
SM    Sander van Malssen
SL    Simon Laule
TH    Tapio Olavi Heikkinen
TL    Thomas Lampart
TM    Tony McKimm
TA    Todd Mason                 BMW.M3er@sleepless.acm.uiuc.edu
WS    Ward Shrake                wardshrake@aol.com
WW    WrongWay                   wrongway@eagle.ais.net
YC    Yvette Cantrell

===========================End of Canonical List==============================

-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded Systems Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc.  (BII)
brain@mail.msen.com "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times! -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>BII, VR, CBM, and personal info</a>


-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
brain@mail.msen.com "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>


Distribution:

To: [103243,446]


ALABAMA

Birmingham Commodore Comp Club
UAB (room 153)
901 14th Street South
2nd & 4th Sun
City-Birmingham
2 PM
Rusty Harqett
205-854-5172 (after 6 PM)
Amiga/Commodore


Coosa Valley Commodore Club
Garden State Community College
Technical Division-Jarvis Hall
1st Thur
City-Gadsden
7 PM
Tommy Robertson
205-549-0908
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Hacks
St Stephens Episcopal Church
1st Mon
7 PM
City-Huntsville
Raymond Patterson
205-883-8398
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Scottsboro Commodore UG
Page School -Lunchroom
305 S. Scott St
2nd Tue
City-Scottsboro
Richard Radon
205-574-1830
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS





ALASKA

Anchorage Commodore UG
Muldoon Library
4th Tue
City-Anchorage
7 PM
Dick Howe
907-561-8555
Amiga/Commodore






ARIZONA

Prescott Area Commodore Club
P.O. Box 4019
1st Wed
7 PM
Don Vankirk
602-778-7893
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS







ARKANSAS

Commodore Computer Club
Westark Community College
2nd Mon
City-Fort Smith
7 PM
Steve Caperton
Amiga/Commodore


Hot Springs Commodore UG
AP&L Bldg
324 Malvern Ave
3rd Tue
City-Hot Springs
7 PM
Julie Cathcart
501-624-5115
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS





CALIFORNIA

ASCI
Rancho Cucamonga Br Lib
9191 Base Line RD
1st & 3rd Thur
6:30 PM
Josh Jacoby
714-989-6041
Commodore


C-TUG
Mercury Savings
Irvine & Newport
4th Sun
11 AM
Don Gribble
714-830-2430
Amiga/Commodore


Central Coast Commodore UG
Lutheran Church
Bradley Rd & Patterson
3rd  Tue
7:30 PM
Gilbert Vela
BBS/805-934-2216
Amiga/Commodore


Club-64
Knights of Columbus Hall
1729 E. Baseline
1st Thur
7-9 PM
John Shinkunas
714-862-5126
Amiga/Commodore


Commodore Helpers of Long Beach
Mercury Savings Bldg
4140 Long Beach Blvd
2nd Sat
9 AM - Noon
Thomas A. Hoy
213-424-0508
Commodore


C.O.U.G.O.R.
1012 Layton Rd #20
1st Wed
7 PM
Robert Wall
916-222-8263
Amiga/Commodore


Commodore UG of Riverside
California School for Deaf
Fwy 91 at Arlington Ave
2nd & 4th Thur (caf bldg)
7:30-9:30 PM
Ken Brown
714-689-1452
Commodore


C.O.W.
San Bruno Parks & Rec Bldg
3rd Thur
7-10 PM
Steve Beale
415-877-8868
Amiga/Commodore


DBUG
Diamond Bar Library
1065 Grand Ave
2nd & 4th Wed
David Zechiel
Amiga/Commodore


Napa Valley Commodore Comp Club
Rapoport's
2225 Brown St
3rd Mon
7 PM
Carl Peigh
707-255-6375
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


North Valley Commodore UG
Chico Community Hosp
Conf Center
670 Rio Lindo Ave
1st Wed
7-9 PM
Frank Alexander
916-872-0896
Amiga/Commodore


Oceana-64 Commodore Club
1004 Plover Way
2nd & 4th Thur
10 AM
Sam Brooks
619-433-3599
Commodore


Santa Barbara Commodore UG
Goleta Library
Fairview Ave
3rd Sat
1-4 PM
Murray Kalisher
805-562-2256
Commodore

64/More Commodore UG
Miltipitis Public Library
2nd Sat
10 AM
Ralph M. Ingraham
Amiga/Commodore


VVCIA
Victor School (board room)
6 th & A Streets
1st Mon & 3rd Tue
Ronald Elliott
619-245-9535
Commodore





COLORADO

The Computer Club
VFW Post #4051
430 E. Pikes Peak Ave
3rd Thur
7 PM
Leon Hass
719-591-6353
Amiga/Commodore


WesCAUG
Community Hospital
1st Sat
10 AM
Robert Payne
303-245-0054
Amiga
Amiga/Commodore







CONNECTICUT

Capital Region
Vernon Police Station
64/128 2ND Mon, Amiga 2ND Tues
City-Vernon
7:30 - 10:30 PM
Cheryl Arzt
203-872-3320
Amiga/Commodore


Hartford County Commodore Users
East Hartford Library/Lions Room
4th Tue
City-East Hartford
7 PM
Franklin Bouchard
Commodore


Millstone Users Group 64/128
Millstone Training Center
No set date/time as needed
City-Waterford
Jim Bennett
203-444-4844
Amiga/Commodore


NLCCUG
Montville VFW
1st & 3rd Thur
City-Uncasville
7-9 PM
Charlie Kappelman
203-848-1986/BBS 203-848-4044
Amiga/Commodore


Stamford Area Commodore Society
35 Cresent St
2nd Fri
City-Stamford
7 PM
John Bittner
203-357-8368
Amiga/Commodore







FLORIDA

C.R.U.G.
Florida Power Corp.
City-Crystal River
1st Mon
Richard Briggs
Amiga/Commodore/MSDOS


AFLOAT
Citrus County Armory
City-Crystal River
2nd Mon
Richard Briggs
Amiga/Commodore/MSDOS


Citrus Commodore Computer Club
Mid-State S & L Community Room
Every Friday
City-Beverly Hills
7:30 PM
Gary Finfrock
904-344-4826
Commodore

Clearwater Commodore Club
Loeman Plaza - Community Room
1st & 3rd Wed
City-Clearwater
7 PM
Robert Hronec
813-796-0510
Amiga/Commodore


Commodore Club of Jacksonville
Hayden Burns Library
2nd Tues
City-Jacksonville
7-9 PM
John J Donnangelo
904-641-9014
Amiga/Commodore


Commodore Club of Jacksonville
Regency Library
1st Sat
City-Jacksonville
10 AM-1 PM
John J Donnangelo
904-641-9014
Amiga/Commodore


Commodore Club of Jacksonville
Orange Park Library
4th Sat
City-Jacksonville
1-4:30 PM
John J Donnangelo
904-641-9014
Amiga/Commodore


Commodore Club of Jacksonville
Mandarin Library
3rd Sat
City-Jacksonville
1-4:30 PM
John J Donnangelo
904-641-9014
Amiga/Commodore


CUGOP
Pensacola City Hall
(2nd floor, west end)
1st Fri & 3rd Tues
City-Pensacola
7-9 PM
Robert Yarnell
904-455-5314
Commodore

Fort Walton Beach Commodore UG
Choctawhatchee High School
Racetrack Road
1st Tues/Thur 16 days thereafter
Ft Walton Beach
7 PM
Joe Majors
904-863-2845
Amiga/Commodore


Lake/Sumter Commodore UG
Lee Adult Center Annex
2nd Wed/4th Tues
City-Leesburg
7:30 PM
George Kramer
Commodore


MICE
Florida International University
Trailer M-14
City-Miami
2nd & 3rd Fri
7 PM
Ben Demby Jr
305-221-7115
Commodore


Titusville Commodore Club
Brevard Community College
2nd & 4th Wed
City-Titusville
7 PM
Robert Murray
Amiga/Commodore






GEORGIA

ACAC
Deerfield Windsor School
Lower Camput-1733 Beattie Rd
2nd & 4th Tues
City-Albany
7:30 PM
Carlos Villavicencio III
912-439-1322
Amiga/Commodore






IDAHO

Treasure Valley/Boise UG
Plantation Round Table Pizza
1st Thur - 7PM - Library
3rd Wed - 7:30 PM
City-Boise
Douglas Parsons
208-375-4672
Commodore


Banana Belt Commodore UG
Lewis-Clark State College
M.L.H. 13D
2nd Fri
7:30 PM
Harold Riggle
208-758-3209
Commodore






ILLINOIS

C.I.F.A.C.E.
please call for m place
3rd Sat
City-E Peoria
4 - 6:30 PM
David McMillian
309-745-8455
Commodore


CCR
Rockford College
Star Science Bldg
City-Rockford
Thur-one month 7:30 - 9:30 PM
Sat-next month (9 AM - 12)
Mike Hoss
Amiga/Commodore


Computers West
College of DuPage
1st Wed
City-Glen Ellyn
7:30 PM
Alan Chumley
312-231-3845
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


CUCUG
Univ. of Illinois (Gregory Hall)
3rd Thur
City-Urbana
7 PM
Art Lewis Kimball
Amiga/Commodore


JACUG
First Christian Church
508 W. Vandalia
City-Jacksonville
1st Thur
7 PM
Greg Simpson
217-882-5481
Amiga/Commodore


WIPUG
Quintron (cafeteria)
3rd Thur
City-Quincy
7 - 9 PM
Edward Mills
217-656-3671
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS






INDIANA

Commodore Users of Noblesville
Carmel Public Library
1st Wed
City-Carmel
7 PM
David Andersson
317-844-2093
Amiga/Commodore


Indianapolis Computer Club Inc.
7 & 8 Christian Church
2916 W 30th St
City-Indianapolis
2nd Tue
John Fiega
317-353-2110
Commodore/MS-DOS


Logansport Commodore Club
Girl Scout Camp
303 E. Clay
3rd Wed
City-Logansport
7 PM
219-753-9353
Amiga/Commodore


Richmond Area Computer UG
Richmond City Bldg
(community room)
1st Mon-even months
City-Richmond
2nd Mon-odd months
7-9 PM
Dudley Fetzer
317-966-9169
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Rochester Commodore Comp Club
Rochester Public Library
2nd Sat
City-Rochester
1 PM
Dan Zellers
219-223-4542
Commodore/MS-DOS








IOWA

C-5 Capital Complex
Grimes Sate Office Bldg
E 11th & Gray
2nd Tue
City-DesMoines
7 PM
Larry Eamer
515-263-8104
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


COUGAR
Midland Financial
525 Main St
1st Sun (except holidays-2nd Sun)
City-Ames
2-4 PM
Steve Huffman
515-432-4006 evenings
Commodore


Tri-State Commodore UG
State Bank Bldg
Hwy 151
2nd & 4th Mon
City-Kieler
7 PM
Wayne Holt
319-582-4702
Commodore





KANSAS

Atchison Commodore UG
Atchison Public Library
401 Kansas Ave
2nd Tue
City-Atchison
7 PM
Larry Gilbert
913-367-2419
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Topeka Commodore Computer UG
National Guard Armory
28th & Topeka Ave
Last Tue
City-Topeka
7-9 PM
James Wilson
913-235-8452
Amiga/Commodore







KENTUCKY

Christian County Commodore Club
Second Baptist Church
education bldg
last Thur
City-Hopkinsville
7 PM
Terry Fuqua
502-886-6621
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Glasgow Commodore UG
Farmer Recc Bldg
504 S. Lewis St
1st & 3rd Mon
City-Glasgow
6:30 PM
Larry Stell
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


MCCUG
Harbin Memorial Library
3rd Thur
City-Greenville
7 PM
Stanley Fleming
502-338-3053
Amiga/Commodore





LOUISIANA

Ark-La-Tex Commodore Club
John Calvin Pres. Church
3030 Colquitt Rd
1st & 3rd Wed
City-Shreveport
7 PM
Bill Walker
318-636-3611
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


BRACE
Cortana Mall(Cortana Room)
1st Tue
7 PM
City-Baton Rouge
Roland Carson
504-925-9532
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


New Orleans Commodore Klub
Old Metairie Road Library
2nd Sat
4 PM
City-Metairie
Robert H. Fergeson
504-482-8551
Amiga/Commodore


Page User's Group
Metro Mall Community Room
2nd Sat/10 AM
3rd Wed/7 PM
City-Alexandria
S.C. Miller
318-473-8611
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Sixty Four Um
Jefferson Parish Library
Metairie Road
usually 2nd Mon
City-Metairie
6-10 PM
Gene Earl
504-861-2893
Commodore






MAINE

Southern Maine Commodore UG
Portland Rec Vocational Tech
196 Allen Ave
2nd Sat (except July & August)
City-Portland
10 AM
Richard Lembree
207-967-3381
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Southern Maine Commodore UG
Kennebunk Town Hall
1 Summer St
2nd Thur
City-Kennebunk
7 PM
Richard Lembree
207-967-3381
Amiga/Commodore/MS-Dos





MARYLAND

L-Bug
Bowie Community Center
3rd Tues
7:30 PM
City-Bowie
Lee Wiseman
301-464-1745
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


NOBUG 64/128
Calvary Lutheran Church
3rd Mon
City-Baltimore
7:30 PM
Solis James
301-325-2083
Commodore


Rockville Commodore UG
Twinbrook Library
3rd Thur
City-Rockville
7:30 PM
Cy Fellerman
301-493-8661
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


VICAP
White Oak Library
2nd Sat (June Sep Dec & Mar)
City-Silver Spring
2 PM
Hugh Pettis
301-434-6944
Commodore





MASSACHUSETTS


Boston Computer Society
Call for info on m/place
2nd Monday
City-Boston
7:30 PM
Barbara Mintz
617-367-8080
Commodore


Pioneer Valley Commodore Club
W. Mass Electric Bldg
Brush Hill Rd
City-W Springfield
3rd Thur
7:30 PM
Marvin Yale
413-562-1027/BBS 413-568-4466
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS






MICHIGAN

Jackson Commodore Computer Club
2214 E. Ganson
last Thur
City-Jackson
7:30 PM
Tony Bengel
517-782-6753
Amiga/Commodore


Kalamazoo Valley Home UG
KVCC (room 1040)
2 Thur
City-Kalamazoo
7:30 PM
Donald Campbell
616-345-7039
Commodore


Michigan Commodore UG
Warren-Woods Middle School
13400 Twelve Mile Road
3rd Thur
City-Warren
7-9 PM
Art Ferrazutti
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS






MINNESOTA

Minnesota Commodore UG
Park Center High School
3rd Wed
City-Brooklyn Park
7 PM
Loren Lovhaug
612-588-3078
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS





MISSISSIPPI

Coastline Commodore Comp Club
American Legion Hall
201 Lamuese
1st Sat
City-Biloxi
9:30 AM
William K. Hubler
601-374-2582
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Jackson Commodore UG
Computer Services
3rd Thur
7 PM
City-Jackson
Daniel Myers
601-352-0707
Amiga/Commodore






MISSOURI

Columbia Commodore User
Columbia Mall (meeting room)
2nd Thur
City-Columbia
6:30 - 9 PM
Harold Lawson
314-474-2303
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Commodore UG of Springfield
VFW Post 3403 (bingo room)
1136 E. Atlantic
City-Springfield
2nd Sat
10 AM
Bill Patrick
417-882-3866
Commodore


Joplin Commodore Computers UG
422 S Florida Ave
3rd Sat
City-Joplin
7:30 PM
Dale Connely
417-624-5259
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS







MONTANA

Missoula Commodore UG
Montana Power Bldg
1st Thur
7 PM
Becky Maier
406-626-4730
Amiga/Commodore



NEBRASKA

MCUG
McCook Public Library (basement)
3rd Sun (Sept-May)
City-McCook
6 PM
Dave Matthews
308-345-5884
Amiga/Commodore






NEW HAMPSHIRE

Commodore Users Group
Bow Memorial School
1st Mon
City-Bow
7 PM
Albert Couture
603-669-2439
Amiga/Commodore






NEW JERSEY

Cebug
East Brunswick Library
1st Thur
City-E Brunswick
7 PM
Dave Pollak
201-390-6767
Commodore


M.A.C.U.G.
Parsippany Public Library
Parsippany Road
3rd Thur
City-Parsippany
7:30 PM
Michael Pallante
201-361-4560
Amiga/Commodore






NEW MEXICO

Aviation & Computer Enthusiasts
2009 Camelot Dr
call for day & time
Carl Bogardus
505-526-5645
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


CUGOR
Roswell Adult Center
807 N Missouri
1st & 3rd Wed
7 PM
Ralph Knight
505-622-9250
Commodore


Deming Commodore UG
1400 Mallery
1st & 3rd Tue
7:30 PM
Robert Sandoval
505-546-3351
Commodore







NEW YORK

Adirondack Commodore UG
Queensbury Middle School
3rd Thur ( except July & Aug)
City-Queensbury
7 PM
Herb Doll
518-696-3863
Amiga/Commodore

B.L.C.C.
Bryant Library
place/time varies
City-Roslyn
Michael Chapple
516-676-7854
Amiga/Commodore/MS-Dos


Bug
3400 Fort Independence St
2nd Thur
City-Bronx
7 PM
Bruce Roberts
212-671-0178
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Commodore Computer Club of Syracuse
Liverpool Public Library
1st Thur/Oct-July
City-Syracuse
7 PM
Mark Kaplan
Amiga/Commodore


Commodore UG of Rochester
1st Baptist Church
Corner of Clover & Allens Creek
Last Wed
City-Rochester
7 PM
Steve Collins
BBS/716-359-2233
Amiga/Commodore


Triple Cities Commodore Society
Vestal Public Library
1st Tue & 3rd Thur
City-Vestal
7 PM
Larry Drumm
607-797-6117
Commodore







NORTH CAROLINA

Wilmington Commodore UG
Cape Fear Community College
2nd Tue
City-Wilmington
7 PM
Wade Harris
919-5263
Amiga/Commodore






NORTH DAKOTA

C.D.C.C.
First Federal Bank Bldg
2nd Thur
City-Bismarck
7:30 PM
Troy Tausend
Amiga/Commodore








OHIO

Akron Area Commodore UG
Green Middle School
3rd Sat
City-Greensburg
1 PM
Howard Busson
216-794-1953
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


A.C.C.U.G.
CEI Bldg-2nd floor
2nd Wed
City-Ashtabula
7 PM
Joe Schnoblen


Basic Bits Commodore Group
Fields UM Church
34077 Lorain Rd
City-N Ridgeville
3rd Fri
7:30 PM
Amiga/Commodore


Canton Akron Massillon UG
Holy Trinity Lutheran Church
55th & Middlebranch Rd
3rd Sat
City-N Canton
7-10 PM
Roger Knop
216-499-0848
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


CEBUG
Zion Luth Church-Huron
3rd Mon
7:30 PM
City-Huron
Irene Kraus
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Central Ohio Commodore UG
Columbus Sate Community College
3rd Thur
City-Columbus
7:30 PM
Philip Lynch
614-274-0304
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Chillicothe Commodore UG
Salem Church
corner 4th & Mulberry St
City-Chillicothe
1st Tue
7 PM
Bill Pietschman
614-773-2157
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


CHUGS
Clark Cty Mental Health Board
1101 E. High St
3rd Sat
City-Springfield
1 PM
Barbara Bickel
513-322-9310
Amiga/Commodore


DACUG
Kettering Rec Center
2nd Sat
City-Kettering
3-7 PM
Elwood Dornbusch
513-426-6558
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


HUG-64
Old Court House
819 Park St
City-Findlay
2nd Wed
7 PM
419-424-0455
Commodore


The Commodore UG Inc
Grace Lutheran Church
4th Sat 10 AM - 1:30 PM
2nd Mon 6:30-(:30 PM
City-Columbus
Jo-Ann Nemeth
614-253-7408
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


TRUMCUG
Cortland Bank
Warren Elm Road Branch
3rd Wed (except July & Aug)
City-Warren
7:30 PM
Robert Summers
216-856-1228
Amiga/Commodore






OKLAHOMA

Commodore Users of Bartlesville
Our Saviour Lutheran Church
300 N. E. Madison Blvd
4th Tue odd months
4th Thur even months
Fred Mayes
918-336-0233
Amiga/Commodore


TACUG
Martin East Regional Lib
2nd Mon
7:30 PM
Wayne Wehrspann
918-299-4559
Commodore





OREGON

CUA
Calvary Temple Church
5th & E. Pine
1st Mon
7 PM
Kenneth Cote
503-779-3290
Commodore


Lane County Commodore UG
EWEB Community Room
3rd Sat
10 AM-2 PM
Francis Saffell
503-342-6228
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS







PENNSYLVANIA

Buxmont Computer UG
Lansdale Public Library
2nd Thur
City-Lansdale
7 PM
Paul Steinmetz
215-368-1949
Commodore


Huntingdon County Hackers
Huntingdon County Library
Huntingdon Br
2nd Sun
City-Huntingdon
2 PM
Shawn Ketner
814-643-1699/814-643-2459
Amiga/Commodore


Main Line Commodore UG
Villanova University
1st Sat
9:30 AM
City-Villanova
Emil Volcheck
215-388-1581
Amiga/Commodore


Nepace Commodore UG
Penn State Hazleton Campus
4th Fri (Sep-May)
City-Hazleton
7:30 PM
David Orbin
717-450-3088
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


North Coast Commodore UG
Villa Maria College
3rd Tue
City-Erie
7:15 PM
Calvin McAdoo
814-734-4589
Amiga/Commodore


Scranton Commodore UG
Junior Achievement Center
3rd Tue
7 PM
City-Scranton
Phil Matone
717-489-7843
Commodore


White Rose Commodore UG
Adams Electric Cooperative
3rd Wed
City-York
7 PM
James A. Miller
717-848-9321
Commodore





Rhode Island

Narragansett Commodore UG
Showammut Baptist Church
West Shore Road
4th Wed
City-Warwick
7:30 PM
Ron Maguire
401-738-6972
Amiga/Commodore


Warwick Commodore UG
St. Barnabus Church
2nd Wed
7:30 PM
City-Appanoag
Ted Walters
401-433-5617
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS






SOUTH CAROLINA

Commodore Computer Club of Columbia
Classics
1632 Hampton St
1st Thur
City-Columbia
7:30 PM
Buster White
803-733-9783/803-772-0305
Amiga/Commodore


SPARCUG
Spartanburg Art Center
2nd Sun (esxcept May)
City-Spartanburg
1:30 PM
Lee Speer
803-582-5222
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS





SOUTH DAKOTA

Aberdeen Commodore Club
NW Bell Bldg
15 SW 4th Ave
last Tue
City-Aberdeen
7 PM
Dorothy Gathright
BBS/605-622-3880
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS






TENNESSEE

Commodore Association of SE
Bonanza
Stewart Ferry Pk & I-40
Sat as scheduled
City-Nashville
Noon
615-648-1838
Thomas Kujawa
Amiga/Commodore


Hackers
Bartlett Lib
2nd Mon/7 PM
3rd Sat/10 AM
City-Bartlett
James Patrick
7 PM
901-382-1831
Commodore


Memphis Commodore Users Club
State Tech Inst
Fulton Auditorium
1st Tue
City-Memphis
Bob Nunn
7 PM
901-795-0461
Commodore





TEXAS

CUT
7007 Memphis Ave
2nd Tue/7-9 PM
4th Sat/3-5 PM
Gayle Gafford
806-792-7121
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


ElPaso Commodore UG
Lincoln Cultural Arts Center
4001 Durazno
2nd Thur/7 PM
last Sat/10 AM
Blaine Snyder
915-751-9884
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Mid-Cities Commodore Club
Arlington/Grand Prairie Chapter
Arlington Community Center
3rd Tue
7 PM
Glen Herring
817-572-0489
Commodore


Mid-Cities Commodore Club
Fort Worth Chapter
Southwest Regional Library
3rd Sat
1:30 PM
Eldor Luedtke Jr
817-626-0518
Amiga/Commodore


Texas Commodore UG
Lewis Hunnicutts's House
call for day and time
Lewis Hunnicutt
214-635-9005
(call bet 4 & 6 Central
time)


TOTCOM
LTV
530 West Brown
1st & 3rd Thur
7 PM
Sid Robinson
Amiga/Commodore


TRICUG
call meeting place
2nd Sat
10 AM - 12 Noon
Wayne Martin
806-355-4577
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS




VERMONT

Champlain Valley Commodore UG
S. Burlington Middle School
(cafeteria)
last Wed
City-S. Burlington
7-9 PM
Steve Lippert
802-658-4160
Amiga/Commodore






VIRGINIA

Capital Area Commodore Enth
Tysons-Pimmit Regional Lib
4th Sat
City-Fairfax Cty
1:30 PM
William Tyler
703-471-0442
Amiga/Commodore


CURVE
Dumbarton Lib
Staples Mill Penick
3rd Mon
City-Richmond
7 PM
Kent Durvin
804-321-5057
Amiga/Commodore


Portsmouth Commodore UG
Portsmouth Catholic El School
4th Tue
City-Portmouth
7:30 PM
Louis Parker
804-488-2249
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Tidewater Commodore UG
Open Door Chapel
(rear)
2nd & 4th Thur
City-Virginia Beach
7 PM
804-588-5617
Amiga/Commodore


Washington Area Commodore UG
George Mason High School
7124 Leesburg Pike
3rd Sat
City-Falls Church
John Krout
703-273-6074
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS






WASHINGTON

Blue Mountain Commodore UG
Labor Council
343 S. 3rd Ave
3rd Tue
7:30 PM
Jim Godfrey
509-529-4663
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Island Commodore UG
Harbor Towers
7330 700th Ave W
2nd Sat
7:30 PM
Carole Czlapinski
206-679-4450
Commodore


O.P.U.G.
Agnew Community Hall
2nd Thur
7:30 PM
James Rosand
BBS/206-452-8601
Commodore


UPCHUG
Fircrest Recreation Center
2nd & 4th Thur
7 PM
David Ockrassa
206-832-3359
Amiga/Commodore






WEST VIRGINIA

BUG 20/64 Bluefield UG
Humana St. Lukes
Southview Dr
2nd Mon
City-Bluefield
John Knowles
703-326-2140
Commodore






WISCONSIN

CHIPS
800 East Kilbourn
2nd Wed & 4th Thur
City-West Bend
6:30 PM
Thomas Daley
414-338-3047
Commodore

Lakeshore Commodore Core
Lakeshore Tech College
(conf rm A)
2nd Wed
City-Cleveland
7 PM
Merwyn Beyer
Manitowoc/414-684-5307
Sheboygan/414-458-5645
Plymouth/414-892-2606
Amiga/Commodore






WYOMING

Cheyenne Association
Laramie County Library
2800 Central Ave
1st jThur
7 PM
Gene Rugotzke
Commodore



           CANADA


Calgary Commodore UG
Public Lib
616 MacLeod Trail SE
1st Wed (except July & Aug)
City-Calgary
7:30-11 PM
Ralph Dunphy
403-286-4568
Amiga/Commodore


Brampton Commodore UG
Chingscousy Lib-Bramalea
2nd Mon (except July-Aug)
City-Brampton
7-9 PM
Daniel Berg
705-846-7981
Amiga/Commodore


Midland Commodore UG
Midland Centennial Arena
Boardroom #1
1st Wed
City-Midland
7:30 PM
Frank Murphy
BBS/705-549-7397
Amiga/Commodore


MUG
Dieppe Town Hall
1st Tue(except July & Aug)
City-Dieppe
7-10 PM
Dave Quinn
506-382-9664
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


North Bay Commodore UG
Ministry of Transportation
1st Wed
City-North Bay
7 PM
Fred Miller
705-474-8714
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Pleasantville Commodore UG
Bldg 308 Langley Rd
2nd Tue
City-St John's
8 PM
Michael Sullivan
709-726-0316
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


Port Coquitlam Computer Club
Hyde Creek Centre
1379 Laurier
City-Port Coquitlam
1st & 3rd Tue (Sept-June)
Michael Evans
604-942-4286
Amiga/Commodore/MS-DOS


compare-64  rev. 2.2
old master = compare-64 2.0
new master = compare-64 2.2
file type  = prg
line number differences are ignored
line length=  80  depth =  160 
***** changed at  10 , 11  *****
old master had:
45 gosub 8100: rem initialize 'string thing' , part 1
49 rv$="2.0"
 
new master has:
 
44 poke52,peek(56)-1:poke56,peek(56)-1:clr
45 gosub 8100: rem initialize 'string thing' , part 1
46 ad=peek(56)*256+peek(255):rem address of string thing
49 rv$="2.2"
***** inserted at  82  *****
840 input"run again ";an$
850 if left$(an$,1)="y"thenrun45
***** changed at  113  *****
old master had:
1210 end
 
new master has:
 
1210 goto 840
***** changed at  154  *****
old master had:
4500 sys 49152:ds(j)=st
 
new master has:
 
4500 sys (ad):ds(j)=st:rem input via string thing
***** changed at  245  *****
old master had:
8250 for j=49152 to  49189:read x:pokej,x:t=t+x:next j
 
new master has:
 
8250 for j=ad to  ad+37:read x:pokej,x:t=t+x:next j
end of comparison
                              FILE COMPRESSION

Q.    What are all these strange file ARC, ZIP, ZOO, LZH, SIT formats I find
      in CompuServe libraries?

A.    Many files on CompuServe are packaged in a special file format.  This is
      done to:
            - reduce download time (and save online charges)
            - save disk storage space on CompuServe's computers
            - keep related files together (documentation with the executable
                 programs)



Q.    Why so many formats?

A.    The original compression format was ARC (commonly called "archive")
      developed by System Enhancement Associates (SEA) and was oriented for
      DOS compatible computers.  The other compression formats evolved as each
      developer found a faster, tighter solution to compressed files.  ARC is
      available for most hardware platforms and all compressed files in the
      PRACTICE forum will use that format.  (We know there are better formats,
      but have to use a format that is widely available!)



Q.    I downloaded a file that is in one of these strange compressed formats;
      I can't use the file.

A.    How to use compressed files is beyond the guidelines of the PRACTICE
      forum and even if it wasn't outside the guidelines, the Sysops of the
      PRACTICE forum aren't qualified to support all the various hardware
      configurations available.

      We'll try to give you some *general* information about compressed files
      before sending you to your support forum.



Q.    Do I need a file compression utility...or is it a de-compression
      utility?

A.    If the file extension is LZH, ZIP, ZOO, ARC, or SIT you will need a
      utility to take the compressed file and convert it into something your
      computer can use.  This process is known as de-archiving, unzipping,
      unstuffing, etc. -- we will call this process de-compressing.

      Some hardware platforms support a special form of compressed files
      called "self extracting" or "self dissolving".  You do not need a de-
      compression utility for this type of compressed file.  Just download
      the file and then load/execute/launch the file; it will de-compress
      itself.



Q.    Do I need a different file compression (okay, de-compression!) utility
      for different compression types?

A.    Yes.



Q.    There are so many forums, libraries, and files on CompuServe -- where do
      I find the correct de-compression program for my machine?

A.    The following table was prepared April 21, 1993 and should help
      guide you to the appropriate forum, library, and file for the type
      of decompression utility for your hardware platform.



Q.    I can't find a file listed in this table.

A.    This file is updated approximately every 90 days.  Some authors
      insist on using version numbers as a part of the file name
      (i.e. ARJ239.EXE) which means an updated file will cause this
      chart to become out-of-date.  Post a message to SYSOP asking
      for assistance.



Q.    It looks like I need to have a decompression utility in order
      to extract another decompression utility.

A.    Unfortunately, some software authors upload their compression
      utilities using another compression format (i.e. WINZIP.ZIP
      requires the DOS PKUNZIP utility).  This means you
      have to download two utilities!  We recommend leaving a
      message to the program author expressing your dislike of this
      practice.


This file was prepared by Ed Girou (Sysop of CompuServe's Practice
and Help Forums) with Macintosh platform assistance from William Peagues
(Sysop of the Play-By-Mail Games Forum) and Atari platform assistance from
Keith Joins (Sysop of the Atari and CompuServe Help Forums).




Amiga Machines
--------------
        LZH Format      AmigaUser Forum (GO CIS:AMIGAU)
                        Library 16 (Archivers/Crunchers)
                        Files: LHARC.EXE (29184 bytes) and
                               ARCHLP.EXE (19968 bytes)

        ZIP Format      AmigaUser Forum (GO CIS:AMIGAU)
                        Library 16 (Archivers/Crunchers)
                        Files: UNZIP.LZH (81617 bytes) and
                               ARCHLP.EXE (19968 bytes)

        ZOO Format      AmigaUser Forum (GO CIS:AMIGAU)
                        Library 16 (Archivers/Crunchers)
                        Files: ZOO210.LZH (51624 bytes) and
                               ARCHLP.EXE (19968 bytes)

        ARC Format      AmigaUser Forum (GO CIS:AMIGAU)
                        Library 16 (Archivers/Crunchers)
                        Files: ARC.EXE (50432 bytes) and
                               ARCHLP.EXE (19968 bytes)

        Special Downloading Instructions:
        With the Workbench in drive 0:, answer the CompuServe prompt
        "name for your computer" with: df0:c/LHARC or df0:c/ZIP or
        df0:c/ZOO or df0:c/ARC




Apple 128K IIe or IIc Machines
-------------------------------
        ARC Format      Apple User Forum (GO CIS:APPUSER)
                        Library 4 (Utilities)
                        File: DEARC2.BNY (37120 bytes)

        ZOO Format      Apple User Forum (GO CIS:APPUSER)
                        Library 4 (Utilities)
                        File: BOOZ2E.BXY (19456 bytes)

        BNY Format      Apple User Forum (GO CIS:APPUSER)
                        Library 12 (Telecommunications)
                        FILE: SHRINK.EXE (71936 bytes)




Apple IIgs Machines
-------------------
        BNY Format      Apple User Forum (GO CIS:APPUSER)
                        Library 12 (Telecommunications)
                        FILE: SHRINK.EXE (71936 bytes)

        ARC Format      Apple User Forum (GO CIS:APPUSER)
                        Library 12 (Telecommunications)
                        FILE: SHRINK.EXE (71936 bytes)

        ZOO Format      Apple User Forum (GO CIS:APPUSER)
                        Library 12 (Telecommunications)
                        FILE: SHRINK.EXE (71936 bytes)

        SIT Format      Apple User Forum (GO CIS:APPUSER)
                        Library 12 (Telecommunications)
                        FILE: SHRINK.EXE (71936 bytes)




Atari Machines
--------------
        LZH Format      Atari Productivity Forum (GO CIS:ATARIP)
                        Library 4 (Utility Programs)
                        File: LHARC.TTP (44751 bytes) and
                              ARCLZH.PRG (134549 bytes)

        ZIP Format      Atari Productivity Forum (GO CIS:ATARIP)
                        Library 4 (Utility Programs)
                        File: STZIP2.TOS (123776 bytes)

        ZOO Format      Atari Productivity Forum (GO CIS:ATARIP)
                        Library 4 (Utility Programs)
                        File: ZOO21.TTP (83328 bytes)

        ARC Format      Atari Productivity Forum (GO CIS:ATARIP)
                        Library 4 (Utility Programs)
                        File: ARC602.TTP (66325 bytes)

        ARJ format      Atari Productivity Forum (GO CIS:ATARIP)
                        Library 4 (Utility Programs)
                        File: STUNAR.ARC (11687 bytes)




Atari 8-bit Machines
--------------------
        ARC Format      Atari 8-Bit Forum (GO CIS:ATARI8)
                        Library 3 (System Utilities)
                        Files: UNARC.COM (10368 bytes) and
                               SUPERA.ARC (32896 bytes)




Commodore 8-bit Machines
---------------------
        ARC Format      Commodore Art/Games Forum (GO CIS:CBMART)
                        Library 1 (Help/Data Lib Tools)
                        Files: ARC230.BIN (12800 bytes) and
                               ARCEAZ.HLP (750 bytes)

        ARC Format      Commodore Application Forum (GO CIS:CBMAPP)
                        Library 1 (Help/Data Lib Tools)
                        File: ARC230.BIN (12800 bytes)

        LBR Format      Commodore Application Forum (GO CIS:CBMAPP)
                        Library 1 (Help/Data Lib Tools)
                        File: ARC230.BIN (12800 bytes)




IBM-compatible machines running DOS
-----------------------------------
        CPT Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: EXTPC.EXE (33060 bytes)

        LZH Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: LHA213.EXE (44381 bytes)

        ZIP Format      PC Vendor C Forum (GO CIS:PCVENC)
                        Library 11 (PKWare)
                        File: PK204G.EXE (202574 bytes)

                        IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: PK204G.EXE (202574 bytes)

        ZOO Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: ZOO210.EXE (56360 bytes)

        ARC Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        Files: ARC-E.COM (7044 bytes) and
                               ARC-E.DOC (12053 bytes)

        SIT Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: UNSTUF.ZIP (20911 bytes)

        PIT Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: UNPACK.ZIP (18965 bytes)

        ARJ Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: ARJ239.EXE (221184 bytes)




IBM-compatible machines running Microsoft Windows
-------------------------------------------------
        ZIP Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: WINZIP.ZIP (153964 bytes)

        ARC Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: WINZIP.ZIP (153964 bytes)

        LZH Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: WINZIP.ZIP (153964 bytes)

        ARJ Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: WINZIP.ZIP (153964 bytes)




IBM-compatible machines running OS/2
------------------------------------
        ZIP Format      PC Vendor C Forum (GO CIS:PCVENC)
                        Library 11 (PKWare)
                        File: PKZOS2.EXE (258080 bytes)

                        IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        File: PKZOS2.EXE (258080 bytes)

        ARC Format      IBM Systems Forum (GO CIS:IBMSYS)
                        Library 6 (File Utilities)
                        Files: ARC2.EXE (59819 bytes)

        ARJ Format      IBM OS/2 Users Forum (GO CIS:OS2USER)
                        Library 4 (Application Questions)
                        Files: GNUARJ.EXE (80696 bytes)

        ZOO Format      IBM OS/2 Users Forum (GO CIS:OS2USER)
                        Library 4 (Application Questions)
                        Files: ZOO201.ZIP (78048 bytes)

        ZIP Format      IBM OS/2 Users Forum (GO CIS:OS2USER)
                        Library 4 (Application Questions)
                        Files: UNZ50.ZIP (82097 bytes)


Macintosh Machines
------------------
        CPT Format      Macintosh Communications Forum (GO CIS:MACCOMM)
                        Library 4 (Comm Progs/Utils)
                        File: COMPAC.SEA (121344 bytes)

                        Macintosh Communications Forum (GO CIS:MACCOMM)
                        Library 4 (Comm Progs/Utils)
                        File: EXTRAC.BIN  (freeware) (30720 bytes)

        LZH Format      Macintosh Communications Forum (GO CIS:MACCOMM)
                        Library 4 (Comm Progs/Utils)
                        File: LHARC.SIT (26240 bytes)

        ZIP Format      Macintosh Communications Forum (GO CIS:MACCOMM)
                        Library 4 (Comm Progs/Utils)
                        File: ZIPIT1.CPT (129280 bytes)

                        Macintosh New Users Forum (GO CIS:MACNEW)
                        Library 4 (Comm Progs/Utils)
                        File: UZ201.CPT (156032 bytes)

        ZOO Format      Macintosh System Forum (GO CIS:MACSYS)
                        Library 7 (Utilities)
                        File: BOOZ21.SIT (19584 bytes)

        ARC Format      Macintosh Communications Forum (GO CIS:MACCOMM)
                        Library 4 (Comm Progs/Utils)
                        File: ARCPOP.BIN (29440 bytes)

        SIT Format      Macintosh Communications Forum (GO CIS:MACCOMM)
                        Library 4 (Comm Progs/Utils)
                        File: UNSTUF.SEA (166528 bytes)

                        Macintosh Communications Forum (GO CIS:MACCOMM)
                        Library 4 (Comm Progs/Utils)
                        File: EXTRAC.BIN  (freeware) (30720 bytes)




NeXT Machines
-------------
        ZIP Format      NeXT Users Forum (GO CIS:NEXTFORUM)
                        Library 5 (Applications)
                        File: OPENER.TAZ (245257 bytes)

        ZOO Format      NeXT Users Forum (GO CIS:NEXTFORUM)
                        Library 5 (Applications)
                        File: OPENER.TAZ (245257 bytes)

        ARC Format      NeXT Users Forum (GO CIS:NEXTFORUM)
                        Library 5 (Applications)
                        File: OPENER.TAZ (245257 bytes)

        SIT Format      NeXT Users Forum (GO CIS:NEXTFORUM)
                        Library 5 (Applications)
                        File: OPENER.TAZ (245257 bytes)

        LZH Format      NeXT Users Forum (GO CIS:NEXTFORUM)
                        Library 5 (Applications)
                        File: OPENER.TAZ (245257 bytes)




Unix Machines
-------------
        ZIP Format      Unix Forum (GO CIS:UNIXFORUM)
                        Library 3 (Tools)
                        File: UNZIP4.TAZ (116577 bytes)

                        Unix Forum (GO CIS:UNIXFORUM)
                        Library 3 (Tools)
                        File: ZIP10E.TAZ (186592 bytes)

        ZOO Format      Unix Forum (GO CIS:UNIXFORUM)
                        Library 3 (Tools)
                        File: ZOO.TAZ (322932 bytes)

        ARC Format      Unix Forum (GO CIS:UNIXFORUM)
                        Library 3 (Tools)
                        Files: ARCSRC.TAZ (163193 bytes)

        SIT Format      Unix Forum (GO CIS:UNIXFORUM)
                        Library 3 (Tools)
                        File: UNSIT1.SHZ (18938 bytes)
    MACHINE CODE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE                                 page 1


    Have you ever looked at a doc file and discovered it was an ASCII file
    instead of PETASCII.  "NEW UTILITY" has a word-processor in it that
    would convert it to a PETASCII, but some files are too long to fit, so
    here is a program to convert them.

    First, here is what the program had to do:

         (1) Discard any linefeeds.  This is a hex $0a or a decimal 10
         code.

         (2) Convert any values beginning at $41 (decimal 65) and ending
         with $5a (decimal 90) to corresponding values in the range $c1 to
         $da.  This simply involved setting the high bit of the orginal
         value.  These values represent uppercase characters.

         (3) Convert values in the $61 to $7a range to the corresponding
         values in the $41 to $5a range.  This is accomplished by
         subtracting $20 from the orginal value.These values represent the
         lower case letters.

    To accomplish these objectives, the program combines a combination of
    BASIC and machine language.  BASIC is used to open the file and check
    for disk errors and machine language to do the converting and write it
    back to disk.  The file is converted as it is read rather than have 2
    files open to the disk (it can be done if you want) The converted file
    is stored in a buffer beginning at $2000 (decimal 8192).  When the
    initial file has been converted, the program returns to BASIC to check
    for disk errors, close the file, open the write file, check for a good
    open, and then sys back to the machine language routine to write the
    file to disk.  A sequential file can never contain a hex $00, so that
    is used to mark the end of the file in the buffer.  When that marker is
    reached, the program returns to BASIC to check for errors and close the
    file.  It's all straigt-forward and a beginner may be able to follow
    the program well enough to get some understanding of machine language
    programming.

    Beginning at line 10, here is an explanation of the listing:

         Line 10 thru 13 initializes a pointer located in zero page to the
         address for the beginning of the buffer.

         Line 14 and 15 set up file #8 as our input file.

         Line 16 is the beginning of the main loop of this module.  It gets
         a byte from the disk drive.

         Line 17 and 18 handle the line feeds contained in the ASCII file.
         If these are left in the converted file then the printout will be
         double spaced.  A "CMP" op-code can give 3 possible results which
         are:
              (1) BCC - less-than (the carry is clear)
              (2) BEQ - equal to (the zero flag is set)
              (3) BCS - equal-to or greater-than (the carry-flag is set).

         Lines 19 through 22 will trap all the codes in the $41 to $5a
         range.  In line 20, the branch will occur if the value is
         LESS-THAN a $41.  In line 22 the branch will occur if the value is






         MACHINE CODE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE                            page 2


         GREATER-THAN a hex $5a.  The comparison is actually made to a hex
         $5b because the carry is set if the values are equal.

         Line 23 sets the high bit of the orginal value and line 24 will
         always branch because no value can be zero with the high bit set.

         Line 25 through 28 traps the values in the range of $61 to $7a.

         Lines 29 through 30 convert the values by subtracting a hex $20
         from the orginal value.  When the SBC opcode is used, it must be
         preceded with the SEC opcode unless the status of the carry flag
         is already known.

         Lines 30 through 34 handle storing the converted value to the
         buffer.  The Y Register is set to zero in line 10 and it has not
         been changed to this point.  The value is actually stored at the
         address pointed to at aux ($8b) PLUS the value of the Y register.
         So the first time through the loop, aux contains the address $2000
         in standard lo-byte - hi-byte format ($00 $20) and Y is 0, so the
         first byte is stored at $2000.  The second time around the loop,
         the value is stored at $2001 because y is now 1.  Y will be
         incremented up to 255 ($FF) and at that point the value will be
         stored at $20FF.  When Y is incremented the new value will be 0
         and this sets the zero flag tested by the BNE op-code, and since
         it is "NOT EQUAL TO ZERO" then this branch will not occur and then
         aux+1 is incremented.  Aux will now contain a pointer to the
         address $2100.  This is how the converted values are stored in the
         buffer and this process will continue as long as the main loop
         continues.

         Lines 35 to 38 check for the EOF and terminate the loop when it is
         detected.  The EOF is indicated by the sixth bit of the status
         byte being set.  When you AND the status byte with $40 (binary
         0100 0000) the only two possible results are 0 and $40.  Our
         branch here occurs if the result is zero (in other words, the
         sixth bit was NOT set).

         Lines 38 and 39 put the eof marker in the buffer.

         Line 40 restores the input and output devices to normal (input
         keyboard - output screen).

         Line 41 will return us to BASIC.  The file has now been read from
         the disk, converting it to PETASCII, and storing it to the
         temporary buffer.

         Line 42 is the beginning of the ML code for use when BASIC SYS's
         back to write the converted file to disk.  Line 42 through 45
         initialize the zero page pointer to point to the address of $2000
         (beginning of the temporary buffer).

         Line 46 and 47 set up the disk file 8 as the output channel.

         Line 48 initialized the Y Register to the value of zero.

         Line 49 is the beginning of the main loop for the write module.
         It gets a byte from the temporary buffer.






         MACHINE CODE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE                            page 3


         Line 50 tests for the EOF marker and branches if detected.

         Line 51 outputs the byte to the output channel (disk drive in this
         case).

         Lines 52 to 55 take care of managing the Y Register and the zero
         page pointer.  This works the same as in lines 32 through 34.

         Line 56 restores the normal input and output channels and line 57
         returns to BASIC.  We only get here by detecting the EOF marker
         back in line 50.

    The finished code is located in the cassette buffer at decimal 828.
    The object code is only 98 bytes long.  The cassette buffer can hold up
    to 192 bytes.  This code is special in that it is "relocatable", ie.,
    it can run at any address with out being modified.

    Once the machine code was written and tested, then it was converted it
    to data statements and added it to the BASIC program.  This was done
    with a program called "make data lines" and then the data file
    generated was appended to the BASIC file with Tiny Aid.  The completed
    file was re-numbered with Tiny Aid to give it a finishing touch.

    A side by side listing of the Machine Language portion follows.  Hope
    you enjoy this and let me know if you have any questions.



                             <<<<<...GAIL...>>>>>




                        LISTING FROM MERLIN ASSEMBLER

                             Program by Gail Cox

                    1    AUX      =     $8B
                    2    READST   =     $FFB7
                    3    CHKIN    =     $FFC6
                    4    CHKOUT   =     $FFC9
                    5    CLRCHN   =     $FFCC
                    6    CHROUT   =     $FFD2
                    7    GETIN    =     $FFE4
                    8    *
                    9             ORG   828
    033C: A0 00     10   START    LDY   #$00
    033E: 84 8B     11            STY   AUX
    0340: A9 20     12            LDA   #$20
    0342: 85 8C     13            STA   AUX+1
    0344: A2 08     14            LDX   #$08
    0346: 20 C6 FF  15            JSR   CHKIN
    0349: 20 E4 FF  16   MAIN     JSR   GETIN
    034C: C9 0A     17            CMP   #$0A       ;no linefeed
    034E: F0 F9     18            BEQ   MAIN
    0350: C9 41     19            CMP   #'a'       ;$41
    0352: 90 13     20            BCC   OK






    MACHINE CODE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE                                 page 4


    0354: C9 5B     21            CMP   #'z'+1     ;$7b
    0356: B0 04     22            BCS   CKMOR
    0358: 09 80     23            ORA   #$80
    035A: D0 0B     24            BNE   OK
    035C: C9 61     25   CKMOR    CMP   #'A'       ;$61
    035E: 90 07     26            BCC   OK
    0360: C9 7B     27            CMP   #'Z'+1     ;$7b
    0362: B0 03     28            BCS   OK
    0364: 38        29            SEC
    0365: E9 20     30            SBC   #$20
    0367: 91 8B     31   OK       STA   (AUX),Y
    0369: C8        32            INY
    036A: D0 02     33            BNE   CKST
    036C: E6 8C     34            INC   AUX+1
    036E: 20 B7 FF  35   CKST     JSR   READST
    0371: 29 40     36            AND   #$40
    0373: F0 D4     37            BEQ   MAIN
    0375: A9 00     38            LDA   #$00
    0377: 91 8B     39            STA   (AUX),Y
    0379: 20 CC FF  40            JSR   CLRCHN
    037C: 60        41            RTS
    037D: A9 00     42   WRITE    LDA   #$00
    037F: 85 8B     43            STA   AUX
    0381: A9 20     44            LDA   #$20
    0383: 85 8C     45            STA   AUX+1
    0385: A2 08     46            LDX   #$08
    0387: 20 C9 FF  47            JSR   CHKOUT
    038A: A0 00     48            LDY   #$00
    038C: B1 8B     49   WL       LDA   (AUX),Y
    038E: F0 0A     50            BEQ   FINISH
    0390: 20 D2 FF  51            JSR   CHROUT
    0393: C8        52            INY
    0394: D0 F6     53            BNE   WL
    0396: E6 8C     54            INC   AUX+1
    0398: D0 F2     55            BNE   WL
    039A: 20 CC FF  56   FINISH   JSR   CLRCHN
    039D: 60        57            RTS


    --End assembly, 98 bytes, Errors: 0
#: 23989 S15/GEOS Programming
    26-Jun-90  21:41:28
Sb: #23981-#Convert-Geos
Fm: Ed Flinn 76703,4032
To: Will Carroll 71507,656 (X)

Will,
   CONVRT.BIN and CONVRT.IMG, which live in CBMART LIB 13, are old, "official"
versions of the CONVERT program.  CONVERT 2.5 is a user-written version, which
offers a number of advantages, and one detriment.
   The CONVERT program was first written by BSW programmers for use by QLINK
members, when BSW began supporting GEOS on that system.  Shortly thereafter,
Betty Knight, the chief SYSOP of CBMART, contacted BSW, and obtained their
permission to use that CONVERT program, so that CBMART forum could support
GEOS.  One quirk of that version of CONVERT was that it converts GEOS files to
SEQ format, and can convert back to GEOS only those files that have been
converted to SEQ.
   Historically, that SEQ format presented a big problem to CBMART downloaders.
Because many terminal programs default (or force) a ASCII-to-PETASCII
translation for SEQ files, many downloading users wound up with files that they
could not make use of.  Recognizing the problem, I personally downloaded all
such files in the CB	RT GEOS areas, ARC'd them, and reuploaded.  This meant
that the files would be downloaded as PRG, and the problems avoided.
   Sometime after Betty's contact with BSW, Deb Christensen, of the GEnie
Commodore RT, apparently contacted BSW, and was able to have them code a
version of CONVERT that used PRG files.
   These two versions of CONVERT were not compatible.
   Bill Coleman wrote CONVERT 2.5, which can handle (and create) either
version.
   In working with 2.5, I have noted some problems when working 	th GEOS
"shadowed" disks.  I'm not aware of anyone else reporting these problems,
sothey apparently are not a major concern.






#: 24038 S15/GEOS Programming
    29-Jun-90  20:01:47
Sb: #24029-Convert-Geos
Fm: Ed Flinn 76703,4032
To: Will Carroll 71507,656

Will,
   The only apparent bug I've seen in Bill Coleman's CONVERT programs occurs
when using a "shadowed" disk.  I haven't tried to dig into the code, but it
acts as though some of the disk writes are being made to the real disk, but not
the REU.
 	If you've got an REU, here's a little experiment:

   Copy a geoPaint file onto a 1541 disk, along with geoPaint and the Desktop
and Configure.
   Convert it.
   Open Configure, and make that disk a shadowed disk.
   Convert it back to geoPaint, and immediately open it.

    What I've seen is that the file, which will be read from the REU, will be
damaged.  If, instead of opening it immediately, you GEOS Validate the disk, or
just close the disk and re-open it (both actions will act to resynch the REU
wit	the real disk,) no such problem occurs.
    As I say, I'm not aware of anyone else experiencing this.





10 : this is the doc file for cop241.img
20 :
22 : you must first load 'copml.img'
23 : as follows:
29 :
30 : load' copml.img,8,1' and when it
32 : has loaded....type 'new'
34 :
36 : now load 'cop241.img' and run it.
40 :
42 : this is deepak's program and i
44 : have compiled it with petspeed
46 : for speed and protection.
49 :
50 : note to deepak:
51 :
52 : this way your name and copyright
54 : are permanently displayed
55 :
60 : this program will work on the msd
62 : drive when used as drive 9.
64 :
66 : on ocassion you have to go thru
68 : the first part of the program
70 : twice...no big deal works fine

ready.

All CBterm/C64, RLE, Conversion programs are Copyright 1985, 1986 by Chrisdos.
(Ones that I wrote of course.)
. All rights reserved.
. No Program may be uploaded to any other sig, or network, or BBS without
express permission of Chrisdos.
. In the event written permission is given, all Copyright
notices must be intact. And It must be stated that the programs are
supported in the Compuserve CBIG sig.

CPowerC Functions
-----------------

--------------------------------------

abs, fabs - absolute value

abs(i)
int i;

fabs(f)
float f;

abs and fabs return the absolute value
of their arguments

--------------------------------------

atoi, atof - convert strings to numbers

atoi(iptr)
char *iptr;

float atof(fptr)
char *fptr;

atoi converts the string pointed to by
its argument into an integer

atof converts the string pointed to by
its argument into a float quantity

both functions ignore leading spaces

---------------------------------------

bcmp, bcopy, bzero, ffs - bit and byte
string functions

bcmp(p1, p2, len)
char *p1, *p2;

bcopy(p1, p2, len)
char *p1, *p2;

ffs(i)
int i;

bcmp compares len bytes of the strings
p1 and p2 and returns zero if they are
the same, none-zero otherwise

bcopy copies len bytes from string p1
to string p2

bzero fills string p with len zeros

ffs returns the position of the first
set bit in its argument. bits are
numbered starting at one. if the
argument is zero ffs returns -1

--------------------------------------

exit, abort - terminate execution

exit()

abort()

exit and abort end program execution.
all files opened by fopen are closed

--------------------------------------

exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt - assorted
math functions

#include <math.h>

float exp(x)
float x;

float log(x)
float x;

float log10(x)
float x;

float pow(x, y)
float x, y;

float sqrt(x)
float x;

exp returns e**x

log returns the natural logarithm of x

log10 returns base 10 logarithm of x

pow returns x**y.

sqrt returns the square root of x

--------------------------------------

ferror - check for error
feof - check for end of file

#include <stdio.h>

ferror()

feof(stream)
FILE stream;

ferror returns non-zero if an error
occurred during the last disk
operation, zero otherwise

feof returns non-zero if the specified
stream has reached end of file, zero
otherwise

--------------------------------------

floor, ceil, modf -  get integer part
                     of float

#include <math.h>

float floor(x)
float x;

float ceil(x)
float x;

float modf(x,ptr)
float x, *ptr;

floor returns the greatest integer not
greater than x

ceil returns the least integer not
less than x

modf returns the positive fractional
part of x and stores the integer part
indirectly through ptr

--------------------------------------

fopen, freopen, fclose - open disk
                         file for i/o

#include <stdio.h>

FILE fopen(filename,mode)
char *filename,*mode;

FILE freopen(filename,mode,stream)
char *filename,*mode;
FILE stream;

fclose(stream)
FILE stream;

fopen opens a disk file file for
reading or writing. the string
filename contains the name of the file
and the  first character of the string
mode specifies read or write ('r' or
'w'). the default file type is
sequential, but program file types may
selected. fopen returns a file number
(hearafter referred to as a stream)
which may be used in later i/o, or it
returns zero if the file cannot be
opened

freopen opens a file much the same as
fopen does. the file stream is first
closed, then if successful the old
stream is assigned to the new file.
this is useful to assign the constant
streams stdin and stdout to disk
files

ferror should be checked after every
fopen

fclose closes the specified file

--------------------------------------

fread, fwrite - array input/output

#include <stdio.h>

fread(ptr,elsize,nelem,stream)
char *ptr;
FILE stream;

fwrite(ptr,elsize,nelem,stream)
char *ptr;
FILE stream;

Fread/fwrite reads/writes an array
containing nelem elements each of size
elesize bytes geginning at ptr from/to
the specified stream

fread returns zero upon end of file

--------------------------------------

frexp,ldexp - split float into
              mantissa and exponent

float frexp(value,ptr)
float value;
int *ptr;

float ldexp(value,exp)
float value;

frexp splits value into a mantissa m
of manitude less than 1 (which is
returned) and an exponent exp (which
is stored indirectly through ptr) such
that value = m * 2**exp

ldexp returns value * 2**exp

--------------------------------------

getc,getchar,fgetc,getw
- input character or integer

#include <stdio.h>

int getc(stream)
FILE stream;

int getchar()

int fgetc(stream)
FILE stream;

int getw(stream)
FILE stream;

Getc and fgetc read a character from
the specified stream

Getchar reads a character from the
standard input

Getw reads an integer (two bytes)
from the specified stream

All of these functions return EOF upon
end of file, however, since EOF is a
valid integer, feof should be used to
check for end of file after getw

--------------------------------------

gets, fgets - input a string

#include <stdio.h>

char *gets(s)
char *s;

char *fgets(s,n,stream)
char *s;
FILE stream;

Gets inputs a string from the standard
input. it reads characters into s
until a newline is encountered. the
newline is replaced with a zero

Fgets inputs a string from the
specified stream. it reads n-1
characters or until a newline is
encountered whichever comes first. the
newline is not replaced but a zero is
placed after the last character read

Both functions return s upon normal
completion or NULL upon end of file

--------------------------------------

highmem -  memory configuration

highmem(address)
unsigned address;

Highmem sets the highest address that
a C program can use. the run time
stack will not go past this address,
and the memory allocation functions
(malloc, calloc, realloc) will not
allocate memory higher than this
address. the value of the argument
must be one greater than the desired
address. if highmem is not called,
address defaults to 0xd000, which
means the highest address which can be
used is 0xcfff

--------------------------------------

hypot, cabs - calculate hypotenuse

#include <math.h>

float hypot(x,y)
float x, y;

float cabs(c)
struct (* float x,y; *) *c;

Hypot and cabs return sqrt(x*x + y*y)

--------------------------------------

isalpha, ... - classify characters

isalpha(c)

The following functions return
non-zero integers if the stated
condition is true, zero otherwise

isalpha     c is a letter
isupper     c is an upper case letter
islower     c is a lower case letter
isdigit     c is a digit
isalnum     c is a letter or a digit
isspace     c is a space or a newline
ispunct     c is a punctuation char
isprint     c is a printable char
iscntrl     c is a control char
isascii     c has value less than 0200

--------------------------------------

malloc, calloc, realloc,free
- memory allocation

char *malloc(size)
unsigned size;

char *calloc(nelem, elsize)
unsigned nelem, elsize;

char *realloc(ptr, size)
char *ptr;
unsigned size;

free(ptr)
char *ptr;

Malloc returns a pointer to a block of
memory containing at least size bytes
Calloc returns a pointer to a block of
zero-filled memory containing at least
nelem * elsize bytes
Realloc copies the block pointed to by
ptr into a new block containing at
least size bytes. ptr must point to a
block allocated by malloc, calloc or
realloc
free releases the block pointed to by
ptr into the free memory list
Malloc, calloc and realloc all return
the null pointer (0) if there is not
enough free memory to satisfy the
request

--------------------------------------

open, close - BASIC style open/close

open(fileno, device, secaddr, name)
char *name;

close(fileno);

The arguments of open correspond
exactly to the file number, device
number, secondary address, and file
name arguments of the BASIC OPEN
command. consult a Commodore 64 manual
for the meanings of the arguments.
similarly, close corresponds to the
BASIC CLOSE command. open returns zero
if the file can't be checked after
opening a write file
The file number argument may be used
any place a stream (ie. a value
returned by fopen) is used. File
numbers 1 through 4 are reserved for
system use. if open and fopen are used
at the same time file numbers passed
to open should be limited to the range
5 through 9

--------------------------------------

opendir, readdir, rewinddir closedir
- directory functions

#include <dir.h>

opendir(unit:)

struct direct *readdir()

rewinddir()

closedir()

Opendir opens a disk directory for
reading. the unit from which the
directory is to be read may be
specified. if the directory can't be
opened NULL is returned. NOTE: the
directory functions do not apply to
the RAMDISK.
Readdir reads the next directory entry
and returns a pointer to it. if there
are no more entries NULL is rteturned.
see the header file dir.h and the
VIC-1541 User's Manual for the format
of a directory entry
Rewinddir causes readdir to read the
first entry upon the next call
Closedir closes the directory.

--------------------------------------

(for Commodore 128)
open2() - BASIC style open to unit#

open2(name, filename, unit, channel)
char *name;
int filenum;
char unit;
int channel;

open2() is the same as open(), except
that the disk drive is specified by a
unit number rather than a device
number. if "filename" is not empty,
then the unit number is taken from
there, otherwise it is taken from
"unit"

--------------------------------------

(for Commodore 128)
peek() - BASIC style peek()

peek(bank, address);
unsigned bank, address;

peek() returns the contents of the
memory location in "bank" at "address"

--------------------------------------

(for Commodore 128)
poke() - BASIC style poke

poke(bank, address, value)
unsigned bank, address, value;

poke() puts the byte "value" into the
memory locatin specified by "bank" and
"address"

--------------------------------------

printf, fprintf, sprintf
- formatted output

#include <stdio.h>

printf(control [, arg] ...)
char *control;

fprintf(stream, control, [, arg] ...)
FILE stream;
char *control;

sprintf(s, control [, arg] ...)
char *s, *control;

These functions output optional lists
of arguments according to a format
specified in the null terminated
control string. printf sends output to
the standard output. fprintf sends
output to the specified stream.
sprintf places output in the string s.
sprintf also places a null character
in s after the last output character.
The control string may contain
ordinary characters, which are output,
and conversion specifiers which
specify how an argument is to be
formatted. each conversion specifier
begins with a percent character (%)
and is followed by:
An optional dash (-) which indicates
left adjustment of the argument in the
output field. right adjustment is the
default
An optional number indicating the
minimum field width. a converted
argument will not be fruncated even if
it won't fit in the specified field.
if the first digit of the field width
is zero the field will be padded with
zeros, otherwise it will be padded
with spaces. the maximum width is 64
characters
An optional period (.) followed by a
number indicates the precision for a
float or string argument. for floats
the precision indicates the number of
digits to be printed after the decimal
point (default is six). if the
precision is explicitly zero no
decimal point is printed. for strings
the precision indicates the maximum
number of characters from the string
to be printed (default is the whole
string)

A letter is placed after the percent
(%) conversion specifier indicating
the type of conversion to performed as
follows:
d - an integer argument is printed as
a possibly signed decimal number
u - an integer argument is printed as
an unsigned decimal number
o - an integer argument is printed as
an octal number
x - an integer argument is printed as
an hexadecimal number
f - a float argument is printed
s - a character pointer argument is
assumed to point to a null terminated
string which is printed
c - an integer argument is assumed to
be a character and is printed as such

For each conversion specifier a
corresponding argument of an
appropriate type must be provided.
To output a percent character use %%.
A star (*) may be used in place of
field width or precision. the value
will be taken from an integer
argument.

--------------------------------------

putc, putchar, fputc, putw
- output a character or integer

#include <stdio.h>

putc(c,stream)
char c;
FILE stream;

putchar(c)
char c;

fputc(c,stream)
char c;
FILE stream;

putw(i, stream)
int i;
FILE stream;

Putc and fputc write a character
to the specified stream. Putchar
writes a character to the standard
output. Puts writes an integer to the
specified stream.

--------------------------------------

puts, fputs - output a string

#include <stdio.h>

puts(s)
char *s;

fputs(s, stream)
char *s;
FILE stream;

Puts writes a NULL-terminated string
to the standard output. Puts outputs
a newline character after the string.
Fputs writes a NULL-terminated string
to the specified stream. Fputs does
not output a newline character.

--------------------------------------

qsort - general purpose sort

qsort(base, nel, elsize, comp)
char *base;
int (*comp)();

Qsort sorts an array beginning at
"base", containing number of elements
"nel", each of size "elsize". "Comp"
is a function pointer to a function
which compares elements. The function
"comp" must take two pointers to
elements of the array and return an
integer less than, equal to, or greater
than zero, as the first element is
less than, equal to, or greater than,
the second.

--------------------------------------

random, srandom
- random number generator

random();

srandom(seed);

Random returns a psuedo-random
integer. Srandom sets the state of
the random number generator. If
srandom is called twice with the same
seed the same sequence of random
numbers is generated.

--------------------------------------

scanf,fscanf,sscanf - formatted output

#include <stdio.h>

scanf(control [, arg] ...)
char *control;

fscanf(stream, control [, arg] ...)
FILE stream;
char *control;

sscanf(s, control [, arg] ...)
char *s, *control;

These functions read sequences of
characters, perform conversions
specified by the control string on
them, and store the converted values
indirectly through pointer arguments.
Scanf reads from the standard input,
fscanf reads from the specified
stream, and sscanf reads from the
string s.
The control string may contain blanks
and newlines, which may match
optional blanks and newlines from the
input, other ordinary characters,
wich must match corresponding
characters from the input, and
conversion specifiers.

Each conversion specifier begins with
a percent character (%) and is
followed by:
An optional star (*) which suppresses
assignment of the converted value.
An optional number which specifies
the maximum field width. Characters
are read up to the first unrecognized
character for the type of conversion
being performed or until the number
of charcters read equals the field
width, whichever comes first. If no
field width is specified characters
are read up to the first unrecognized
character.

A letter following the percent
character indicates the type of
conversion to be performed on the
field as follows:
d - the field is expected to contain
a possibly signed decimal number
which is converted into an integer
x - the field is expected to contain
a hexadecimal number which is
converted into an integer
o - the field is expected to contain
an octal number which is converted
into an integer
f - the field is expected to contain
a possibly signed decimal number with
an optional decimal point and
exponent which is converted into a
float
s - no conversion is performed; the
field is copied into a string
argument with a NULL character
appended
c - the field contains a single
character which is copied into a
character argument

For each conversion specifier (except
for those which suppress assignment)
there must be a corresponding
argument which is a pointer to an
appropriate type. For example, a
coversion requires that there be a
pointer to an integer or an unsigned.
To match a percent character from the
input use %%.
These functions return EOF upon end
of file, otherwise they return the
number of conversions successfully
performed. This number may be less
than the number of conversion
specifiers if, for example,
characters in the control string do
not match corresponding characters
from the input.
To input strings with embedded spaces
use gets or fgets.

--------------------------------------

setjmp, longjmp - long range goto

#include <setjump.h>

setjmp(env)
jmp buf env;

longjmp(env, val)
jmp buf env;

Setjmp stores its stack environment
in "env" and returns zero.
Longjmp restores the stack
environment saved by setjmp and
returns in such a way that it
appears thta the original call to
setjmp has returned with the value
"val".
The calls to setjmp and longjmp may
be in different functions but the
function containing the setjmp call
must not have returned before the
call to longjmp.

--------------------------------------

sin,cos,tan,asin,acos,atan,atan2
- trigonometric functions

#include <math.h>

float sin(x)
float x;

float cos(x)
float x;

float tan(x)
float x;

float asin(x)
float x;

float acos(x)
float x;

float atan(x)
float x;

float atan2(x)
float x;

Sin, cos and tan return the sine,
cosine, and tangent of x
respectively. X is measured in
radians.
Asin, acos and atan return the
arcsine, arccos and arctangent of x
respectively.
Atan2 returns the arctangent of x/y.

--------------------------------------

sinh,cosh,tanh - hyperbolic functions

#include <math.h>

float sinh(x)
float x;

float cosh(x)
float x;

float tanh(x)
float x;

Sinh, cosh and tanh return the
hyperbolic sine, cosine and tangent
of x respectively.

--------------------------------------

strcat,strncat,strcmp,strncmp,strcpy,
strncpy,strlen,index,rindex
- string functions

#include <strings.h>

char *strcat(s1,s2)
char *s1,*s2;

char *strncat(s1,s2,n)
char *s1,*s2;
int n;

strcmp(s1,s2)
char *s1,*s2;

strncmp(s1,s2,n)
char *s1,*s2;
int n;

char *strcpy(s1,s2)
char *s1,*s2;

char *strncpy(s1,s2,n)
char *s1,*s2;
int n;

strlen(s)
char *s;

char *index(s,c)
char *s, c;

char *rindex(s,c)
char *s, c;

All of the following functions
operate on character strings
terminated with zero.

Strcat and strncat concatenate the
strings s1 and s2 and leave the
result in s1. Strncat copies at most
n characters from s2. Both functions
return s1.

Strcmp and strncmp compare the
strings s1 and s2 and return an
integer less than, equal to, or
greater than zero as s1 is lexically
less than, equal to, or greater than
s2. Strncmp compares at most n
characters.

Strcpy and strncpy copies s2 into s1.
Strncpy copies at most n characters.
Both functions return s1.

Strlen returns the number of non-zero
characters in the string s.

Index/rindex returns a pointer to the
leftmost/rightmost occurence of the
character c in the string s. If the
character is not in the string a null
pointer (0) is returned.

--------------------------------------


sys - call machine language subroutine

sys(address, aptr, xptr, yptr)
unsigned address;
char *aptr,*xptr,*yptr;

(for Commodore 128)
sys(bank, address, aptr, xptr, yptr)
int bank;
unsigned address;
char *aptr,*xptr,*yptr;

Sys loads the accumulator, x, and y
registers of the 6510 processor with
the values pointed to by a, x, and y
respectively then jumps to the
subroutine located at the specified
address. Upon completion of the
subroutine the (possibly) new values
contained in the registers are stored
indirectly through the pointer
arguments. Sys returns zero if the
carry flag is clear after the
subroutine call, otherwise it returns
one. This function allows the
programmer to combine assembler and C
code in one program without having to
use a special assembler. Another use
of sys is to access kernal routines
not otherwise supported by the
standard library.

(for Commodore 128)
The "bank" in which the machine code
resides must be specified by a number
from 0 to 15 (See BASIC "BANK"
command).

--------------------------------------


C128 to CP/M Memory Transfer Technique

The following technique has been mentioned in several messages on the TPUG and
Commodore sigs in the past month, but I am certain that many members may have
missed it.  Therefore I am uploading these instructions so that all may have
access to this relatively simple and fast technique for transfering binary CP/M
files to your CP/M disks.

I must appologize for not giving proper credit to the individual who first
posted this techniques in the SIGS, but the name escapes me at this time.

Please note that this technique should NOT be used to transfer ASCII text type
files from C64 or C128 downloads.  The reason is that these types of files have
the linefeeds stripped off when downloaded in this environment.  Linefeeds are
required by CP/M and thus any files transferred in this manner which are not
binary type formats will not be usable with this method.  CPM271.IMG in this
sig may be used to transfer this type of file to your CP/M disks.


Steps to follow to transfer binary CP/M files to CP/M disk:

1.  If the file is greater than 50K or so, forget it, you don't have enough
    memory for this te	nique.  Use CPM271.IMG instead.

2.  Download the file to your C64/C128 disk as a prg file.

3.  In C128 mode, issue the following command:  

    bload"filename",b1,p7170

    This loads all of the file into bank 1 of memory EXCEPT the first two bytes
    since BLOAD treats them as a load address (prg file).

4.  Get the first two bytes of the file by running the following short basic
    program:

    10 open2,8,2,"filename,p,r"
    20 get#2,a$:ifa$=""thena$=chr$(0)
    30 bank1:poke 7168,asc(a$)
    40	et#2,a$:ifa$=""thena$=chr$(0)
    50 bank1:poke 7169,asc(a$)
    60 close2

5.  Enter the monitor with the 'monitor' command.

6.  Use m 11c00 to begin looking for the eof address for the file.  You can
    a lot of time here by estimating where it is (number of blocks on disk
    times 256 bytes).  Otherwise, keep using the 'm' command until you have
    the eof address (in hex).  Be sure to look at bank 1 only!

7.  Use x command to exit the monitor.

8.  Place CP/M system disk in drive.

9.  Use BOOT c	mand to boot your CP/M system.

10. Place CP/M disk with the SAVE command on it (back side of original CP/M
    disk) in the drive.

11. Enter SAVE command at A> prompt.  Nothing will appear to happen except
    command is loaded from disk.

12. Enter SAVE command again.

13. Answer prompt with E:filename.ext, 1c00 for start address, and the end
    address you determined from the monitor procedure (in hex).

14. Insert the CP/M formatted disk you wish to save the file on at the E disk
    prompt and hit 	turn.

15. Viola!  The file is now on your CP/M disk.


I hope that this procedure is of use to all of you who are hungry for CP/M
software.  There is a wealth of excellent public domain CP/M software online
here in the CP/MIG and KAYPRO SIGS.  Have fun!


Mike McLawhorn

********************************
*   CRC PROTOCOL CALCULATION   *
*   FOR COMMODORE COMPUTERS    *
*        By Tom Brown          *
********************************


calc = $1021


************************************
* THE POLYNOMIAL $1021 IS FOR THE  *
* CALCULATION 2^16 + 2^12 + 2^5 + 1*
* THE NUMBER IS GOTTEN BY USING A  *
* 1 IN EACH BIT CORRESPONDING TO   *
* THE POLYNOMIAL.                  *
* EG: $1021 HAS A 1 IN BIT 0,5,& 12*
************************************



 org $1300

*
* FIRST, WE HAVE TO ERASE THE OLD
* CRC VALUE AND INITIALIZE THE
* POLYNOMIAL WE WILL USE FOR THE
* CALCULATION. NOTE THAT THE POLY
* VARIABLE CAN BE CHANGED IN ONE
* PLACE TO BE USED BY THE WHOLE
* ROUTINE.
* A CALLING ROUTINE WILL CALL THIS
* ONLY ONCE. SUBSEQUENT CALLS WILL
* BE TO crcalc.
*


initcrc lda #0
 sta crc ;CRC CALCULATION
 sta crc+1
 lda #<calc
 sta poly ;POLYNOMIAL
 lda #>calc
 sta poly+1
 rts


*
* THIS ROUTINE WILL CALCULATE THE
* CRC CHECKSUM WITH THE BYTE CURRENTLY
* IN THE ACCUMULATOR.
*


crcalc ldx #8 ;COUNT 8 BITS
loop pha  ;SAVE DATA


*
* FIRST, WE xor BIT 7 OF DATA WITH
* BIT 15 OF CRC (BIT 7 OF HIGH BYTE)
*



 and #12	;GET BIT 7
 eor crc+1 ;HIGH BYTE
 sta crc+1


*
* NOW WE SHIFT CRC (HI & LOW BYTES)
* LEFT ONE BIT. THE asl PUTS A 0 INTO
* BIT 0 OF CRC LOW,SHIFTS CRC LOW BYTE
* LEFT ONE BIT, BIT 7 FALLING INTO THE
* CARRY. THE rol SHIFTS THE CRC HIGH
* BYTE LEFT 1 BIT, THE CARRY IS MOVED
* INTO BIT 0 OF CRC HIGH BYTE, AND BIT
* 7 FALLS INTO THE NOW-EMPTY CARRY
*


 clc  ;CLEAR CARRY
 asl crc ;SHIFT LOW BYTE
 rol crc+1 ;NOW HIGH
 bcc crcalc1


*
* BIT 15 (BIT 7 OF HIGH CRC BYTE) OF
* CRC WAS SHIFTED INTO THE CARRY.
* IF	HIS BIT WAS 1 THEN EXCLUSIVE-OR
* THE CRC WITH THE POLYNOMIAL
*


 lda poly ;POLYNOMIAL LOW
 eor crc ;CRC LOW BYTE
 sta crc
 lda poly+1 ;POLYNOMIAL HIGH
 eor crc+1
 sta crc+1


*
* NOW WE SHIFT THE DATA BYTE LEFT 1 BIT
* AND DECREMENT OUR BIT COUNTER
* AS LONG AS IT'S NOT ZERO, WE CONTINUE
* OUR BITWISE CALCULATION
*


crcalc1 pla  ;RESTORE DATA
 asl  ;NEW BIT 7
 dex  ;DEC BIT COUNT
 bne loop
 rts  ;WHEW! DONE.


*
* THESE ARE THE DATA BYTES
*

crc hex 0000
poly hex 0000


********************************	 THIS SOURCECODE WOULD NOT BE *
* POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE HELP OF *
* BOB UMFER AND PETE BOSWELL   *
* (AKA topper), BOTH OF plink  *
********************************


********************************
* THIS CODE WAS WRITTEN ON THE *
* merlin ASSEMBLER, FOR THE    *
* COMMODORE 128. JUST CHANGE   *
* THE LOAD LOCATION FOR THE 64 *
* AS THERE ARE NO MACHINE      *
* SPECIFIC ROUTINES USED       *
********************************



The following is the BASIC sourcecode in Basic 7.0 for the C-128
to test the 	chine language CRC calculation routine.
Answer 1 to the prompt each time & you should get the following
sequence of numbers:

HIGH BYTE       LOW BYTE     COMBINED VALUE
=========       ========     ==============

   16              33            4129
   35              16            8976
   20              32            5152
   98             148           25236


All values are, of course, in decimal



10 SYS(DEC("1300"))
20 INPUT"ENTER VALUE";A$:A=VAL(A$)
30 SYS(DEC("1313")),A:A=PEEK(DEC("1340")):B=P	K(DEC("133F"))
40 C=(A*256)+B
50 PRINTA,B,C
60 GOTO20


MODEM PROTOCOL DOCUMENTATION
By Ward Christensen     1/1/82

I will maintain a master copy of this. 
Please pass on changes or suggestions
via CBBS/Chicago at (312) 545-8086,
CBBS/CPMUG (312) 849-1132 or by voice
at  (312) 849-6279.
Last Revision: 6/18/85  By Henry C.
Schmitt.---State Table Appendix.
Previous Revisions: 1/13/85 By John
Byrns.---CRC Option Addendum.
8/9/82  By Ward Christensen.---Change
ACK to 06H (from 05H).

 This version of the document was
downloaded from the CBBS/CPMUG on
6/13/85 and the addition of the
revision marks (') and minor
editorial changes were made by Henry
C. Schmitt.  Many people ask me for
documentation on my modem protocol,
i.e. the one used  in  the various
modem programs in CPMUG, on volumes 6,
25, 40, 47... so here  it is.  At the
request of Rick Mallinak on behalf of
the guys at Standard Oil  with IBM
P.C.s, as well as several previous
requests, I finally decided to  put my
modem protocol into writing.  It had
been previously formally published
only in the AMRAD newsletter.

Table of Contents
1.  DEFINITIONS
2.  TRANSMISSION MEDIUM LEVEL PROTOCOL
3.  MESSAGE BLOCK LEVEL PROTOCOL
4.  FILE LEVEL PROTOCOL
5.  DATA FLOW EXAMPLE INCLUDING ERROR
RECOVERY
6.  PROGRAMMING TIPS.
7.  OVERVIEW OF CRC OPTION
8.  MESSAGE BLOCK LEVEL PROTOCOL, CRC
MODE
9.  CRC CALCULATION
10.  FILE LEVEL PROTOCOL, CHANGES FOR
COMPATIBILITY
11.  DATA FLOW EXAMPLES WITH CRC OPTION

 Appendix 1.  MODEM PROTOCOL STATE
TABLE

 1. DEFINITIONS.  <SOH> 01H   <EOT>  
04H  <ACK>     06H   <NAK>     15H  
<CAN>     18H  <C>     43H

 2. TRANSMISSION MEDIUM LEVEL PROTOCOL 
Asynchronous, 8 data bits, no parity,
one stop bit.

The protocol imposes no restrictions on
the contents of the data being
transmitted.  No control characters
are looked for in the 128-byte data
messages.  Absolutely any kind of data
may be sent - binary, ASCII, etc.  The
protocol has not formally been adopted
to a 7-bit environment for the
transmission of ASCII-only (or
unpacked-hex) data, although it could
be simply by having both ends agree to
AND the protocol-dependent data with 7F
hex before validating it.  I
specifically am referring to the
checksum, and the block numbers and
their ones-complement.

Those wishing to maintain compatibility
of the CP/M file structure, i.e., to
allow modemming ASCII files to or from
CP/M systems should follow this data
format:

* ASCII tabs used (09H); tabs set
every 8.
* Lines terminated by CR/LF (0DH 0AH)
* End-of-file indicated by ^Z, 1AH. 
(one or more)
* Data is variable length, i.e. should
be considered a continuous stream
of data bytes, broken into 128-byte
chunks purely for the purpose of
transmission.
* A CP/M "peculiarity": If the data
ends exactly on a 128-byte boundary,
i.e.,
CR in 127, and LF in 128, a
subsequent sector containing the ^Z EOF
character(s) is optional, but is
preferred.  Some utilities or user
prgrams
still do not handle EOF without ^Zs.
* The last block sent is no different
from others, i.e., there is no "short
block".

 3. MESSAGE BLOCK LEVEL PROTOCOL  Each
block of the transfer looks like:

<SOH> <blk #> <255-blk #> <--128 data
bytes--> <cksum> in which:  <SOH> = 01
hex <blk #> = binary number, starts at
01 increments by 1, and wraps 0FFH to
00H (not to 01) <255-blk #> = blk #
after going thru 8080 "CMA" instr,
i.e., each bit complemented in the
8-bit block number.  Formally, this is
the "ones complement".  <cksum> = the
sum of the data bytes only.  Toss any
carry.

 4. FILE LEVEL PROTOCOL

---- 4A. COMMON TO BOTH SENDER AND
RECEIVER:       All errors are retried
10 times.  For versions running with an
operator (i.e., NOT with XMODEM), a
message is typed after 10 errors asking
the operator whether to "retry or
quit".  Some versions of the protocol
use <CAN>, ASCII ^X, to cancel
transmission.  This was never adopted
as a standard, as having a single
"abort" character makes the
transmission susceptible to false
termination due to an <ACK> <NAK> or
<SOH> being corrupted into a <CAN> and
cancelling transmission.  The protocol may be considered "receiver driven",
that is, the sender need not
automatically re-transmit, although it
does in the current implementations.

---- 4B. RECEIVE PROGRAM
CONSIDERATIONS:       The receiver has
a 10-second timeout.  It sends a <NAK>
every time it times out.  The
receiver's first timeout, which sends a
<NAK>, signals the transmitter to
start.  Optionally, the receiver could
send a <NAK> immediately, in case the
sender was ready.  This would save the
initial 10 second timeout.  However,
the receiver MUST continue to timeout
every 10 seconds in case the sender
wasn't ready.  Once into a receiving a
block, the receiver goes into a
one-second timeout for each character
and the checksum.  If the receiver
wishes to <NAK> a block for any reason
(invalid header, timeout receiving
data), it must wait for the line to
clear.  See "programming tips" for
ideas.  Synchronizing:  If a valid
block number is received, it will be:  
    1) the expected one, in which case
everything is fine; or   2) a repeat of
the previously received block.  This
should be considered OK, and only
indicates that the receiver's <ACK> got
glitched, and the sender
re-transmitted;   3) any other block
number indicates a fatal loss of
synchronization, such as the rare case
of the sender getting a line-glitch
that looked like an <ACK>.  Abort the
transmission, sending a <CAN>.

---- 4C. SENDING PROGRAM
CONSIDERATIONS.       While waiting for
transmission to begin, the sender has
only a single  very long timeout, say
one minute.  In the current protocol,
the sender has a 10 second timeout
before retrying.  I suggest NOT doing
this, and letting the protocol be
completely receiver-driven.  This will
be compatible with existing programs. 
When the sender has no more data, it
sends an <EOT>, and awaits an <ACK>,
resending the <EOT> if it doesn't get
one.  Again, the protocol could be
receiver-driven, with the sender only
having the high-level 1-minute timeout
to abort.


 5. DATA FLOW EXAMPLE INCLUDING ERROR
RECOVERY

Here is a sample of the data flow,
sendin' a 3-block message.  It includes
the two most common line hits - a
garbaged block, and an <ACK> reply
getting garbaged.  <xx> represents the
checksum byte

SENDERRECEIVERtimes out after 10 sec.
<---<NAK> <SOH>01
FE-data-<xx>---><---<ACK><SOH>02
FD-data-<xx>--->(data gets line hit)
<---<NAK> <SOH>02
FD-data-<xx>---><---<ACK><SOH>03
FC-data-<xx>--->(ack gets garbaged)
<---<ACK> <SOH>03
FC-data-<xx>---><---<ACK> <EOT>
---><---<ACK>

 6. PROGRAMMING TIPS.

* The character-receive subroutine should
be called with a parameter specifying
the number of seconds to wait.  The
receiver should first call it with a
time of 10, then <NAK> and try again,
10 times.  After receiving the <SOH>,
the receiver should call the character
receive subroutine with a 1-second
timeout, for the remainder of the
message and the <cksum>.  Since they
are sent as a continuous stream, timing
out of this implies a serious like
glitch that caused, say, 127 characters
to be seen instead of 128.

* When the receiver wishes to <NAK>,
it should call a "PURGE" subroutine, to
wait for the line to clear.  Recall the
sender tosses any characters in its
UART buffer immediately upon completing
sending a block, to ensure no glitches
were misinterpreted.  The most common
technique is for "PURGE" to call the
character receive subroutine,
specifying a 1-second timeout, and
looping back to PURGE until a timeout
occurs.  The <NAK> is then sent,
ensuring the other end will see it.

* You may wish to add code recommended
by John Mahr to your character receive
routine - to set an error flag if the
UART shows framing error, or overrun. 
This will help catch a few more
glitches - the most common of which is
a hit in the high bits of the byte in
two consecutive bytes.  The <cksum>
comes out OK since counting in 1-byte
produces the same result of adding 80H
+ 80H as with adding 00H + 00H.

 7. OVERVIEW OF CRC OPTION

The CRC used in the Modem Protocol is
an alternate form of block check which
provides more robust error detection
than the original checksum. Andrew S.
Tanenbaum says in his book, Computer
Networks, that the CRC-CCITT used by
the Modem Protocol will detect all
single and double bit errors, all
errors with an odd number of bits, all
burst errors of length 16 or less,
99.997% of 17-bit error bursts, and
99.998% of 18-bit and longer bursts.  
   The changes to the Modem Protocol to
replace the checksum with the CRC are
straight forward.  If that were all
that we did we would not be able to
communicate between a program using the
old checksum protocol and one using
the new CRC protocol.  An initial
handshake was added to solve this
problem. The handshake allows a
receiving program with CRC capability
to determine whether the sending
program supports the CRC option, and to
switch it to CRC mode if it does. 
This handshake is designed so that it
will work properly with programs which
implement only the original protocol. 
A description of this handshake is
presented in section 10. 

 8. MESSAGE BLOCK LEVEL PROTOCOL, CRC
MODE

Each block of the transfer in CRC mode
looks like:

<SOH><blk #><255-blk #><--128 data
bytes--><CRC hi><CRC lo>       in
which: <SOH> = 01 hex <blk #> =
binary number, starts at 01 increments
by 1, and wraps 0FFH to 00H (not to
01) <255-blk #> = ones complement of
blk #. <CRC hi> = byte containing the
8 hi order coefficients of the CRC.
<CRC lo> = byte containing the 8 lo
order coefficients of the CRC.

 9. CRC CALCULATION

  ---- 9A. FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE CRC
CALCULATION      To calculate the 16 bit
CRC the message bits are considered to
be the coefficients of a polynomial. 
This message polynomial is first
multiplied by X^16 and then divided by
the generator polynomial (X^16 + X^12 +
X^5 + 1) using modulo two arithemetic.
 The remainder left after the division
is the desired CRC.  Since a message
block in the Modem Protocol is 128
bytes or 1024 bits, the message
polynomial will be of order X^1023. 
The hi order bit of the first byte of
the message block is the coefficient of
X^1023 in the message polynomial. 
The lo order bit of the last byte of
the message block is the coefficient
of X^0 in the message polynomial.

  ---- 9B. EXAMPLE OF CRC CALCULATION
WRITTEN IN C /*      This function
calculates the CRC used by the "Modem
Protocol".  The first argument is a
pointer to the message block.  The
second argument is the number of bytes
in the message block.  The message
block used by the Modem Protocol
contains 128 bytes.    The function
return value is an integer which
contains the CRC.  The lo order 16
bits of this integer are the
coefficients of the CRC.  The lo order
bit is the lo order coefficient of the
CRC. */ int calcrc(ptr, count) char
*ptr; int count;      int crc, i;   
 crc = 0;     while(--count >= 0)   
      crc = crc ^ (int)*ptr++ << 8;  
      for(i = 0; i < 8; ++i)          
  if(crc & 0x8000)                 crc
= crc << 1 ^ 0x1021;             else
                crc = crc << 1;       
      return (crc & 0xFFFF);     

10. FILE LEVEL PROTOCOL, CHANGES FOR
COMPATIBILITY

  ---- 10A. COMMON TO BOTH SENDER AND
RECEIVER:      The only change to the
File Level Protocol for the CRC option
is the initial handshake which is used
to determine if both the sending and
the receiving programs support the CRC
mode.  All Modem Programs should
support the checksum mode for
compatibility with older versions.    
 A receiving program that wishes to
receive in CRC mode implements the
mode setting handshake by sending a <C>
in place of the initial <NAK>.  If the
sending program supports CRC mode it
will recognize the <C> and will set
itself into CRC mode, and respond by
sending the first block as if a <NAK>
had been received.  If the sending
program does not support CRC mode it
will not respond to the <C> at all. 
After the receiver has sent the <C> it
will wait up to 3 seconds for the
<SOH> that starts the first block.  If
it receives a <SOH> within 3 seconds
it will assume the sender supports CRC
mode and will proceed with the file
exchange in CRC mode.  If no <SOH> is
received within 3 seconds the receiver
will switch to checksum mode, send a
<NAK>, and proceed in checksum mode. 
If the receiver wishes to use checksum
mode it should send an initial <NAK>
and the sending program should respond
to the <NAK> as defined in the
original Modem Protocol.  After the
mode has been set by the initial <C> or
<NAK> the protocol follows the
original Modem Protocol and is
identical whether the checksum or CRC
is being used.

  ---- 10B. RECEIVE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS:
     There are at least 4 things that
can go wrong with the mode setting
handshake:

      1. the initial <C> can be garbled
or lost.
      2. the initial <SOH> can be
garbled.
      3. the initial <C> can be changed
to a <NAK>.
      4. the initial <NAK> from a
receiver which wants to receive in
checksum can be changed
to a <C>.

      The first problem can be solved
if the receiver sends a second <C>
after it times out the first time. 
This process can be repeated several
times.  It must not be repeated too
many times before sending a <NAK> and
switching to checksum mode or a
sending program without CRC support may
time out and abort.  Repeating the
<C> will also fix the second problem if
the sending program cooperates by
responding as if a <NAK> were received
instead of ignoring the extra <C>.

      It is possible to fix problems 3
and 4 but probably not worth the
trouble since they will occur very
infrequently.  They could be fixed by
switching modes in either the sending
or the receiving program after a
large number of successive <NAK>s. 
This solution would risk other
problems however.

  ---- 10C. SENDING PROGRAM
CONSIDERATIONS.      The sending
program should start in the checksum
mode.  This will insure compatibility with checksum only receiving programs. 
Anytime a <C> is received before the
first <NAK> or <ACK> the sending
program should set itself into CRC
mode and respond as if a <NAK> were
received.  The sender should respond
to additional <C>s as if they were <NAK>s
until the first <ACK> is received. 
This will assist the receiving program
in determining the correct mode when
the <SOH> is lost or garbled.  After
the first <ACK> is received the
sending program should ignore <C>s. 

11. DATA FLOW EXAMPLES WITH CRC
OPTION

  ---- 11A. RECEIVER HAS CRC OPTION,
SENDER DOESN'T      Here is a data
flow example for the case where the
receiver requests transmission in the
CRC mode but the sender does not
support the CRC option. This example
also includes various transmission
errors.  <xx> represents the checksum
byte.

SENDERRECEIVER        <---           
<C>times out after 3 sec.
<---<NAK><SOH>01
FE-data-<xx>---><---<ACK><SOH>02
FD-data-<xx>--->(data gets line hit)
<---<NAK><SOH>02 FD-data-<xx>---><---<ACK><SOH>03
FC-data-<xx>--->(ack gets garbaged)
<---<ACK> times out after 10
seconds<---<NAK><SOH>03
FC-data-<xx>--->
<---<ACK><EOT>---><---<ACK>

 ---- 11B. RECEIVER AND SENDER BOTH
HAVE CRC OPTION      Here is a data
flow example for the case where the
receiver requests transmission in the
CRC mode and the sender supports the
CRC option.  This example also
includes various transmission errors. 
<xxxx> represents the 2 CRC bytes.

SENDERRECEIVER
<---<C><SOH>01 FE-data-<xxxx>---><---<ACK><SOH>02
FD-data-<xxxx>--->(data gets line
hit)
<---<NAK><SOH>02
FD-data-<xxxx>---><---<ACK><SOH>03
FC-data-<xxxx>--->(ack gets garbaged)
<---<ACK> times out after 10
seconds<---<NAK><SOH>03
FC-data-<xxxx>--->
<---<ACK><EOT>---><---<ACK>

Apendix 1. MODEM PROTOCOL STATE TABLE

---- A1A. CONSIDERATIONS      The
Modem Protocol can be considered a
group of states and transitions.
States represent certain actions taken
by the program and certain expected
results for those actions.  The
transitions are actions taken in
reponse to a particular result,
actions which can result in another
state.

      The state table shows the
complete set of states for a program
with the CRC option.  Programs without
this option should ignore the <C>
result in the Send-Init state and also
ignore the Rec-Init-CRC state.  There
is a minor difference between the Data
Flow Examples given by Ward
Christensen and John Byrns.  This
difference is the reaction of the
sender when the <ACK> to a block is garbled
(not lost).  In Ward's example the
sender reacts by retransmitting the
current block.  In John's example the
garbled <ACK> is ignored and nothing
happens until the reciever has a
timeout and sends a <NAK>.  The state
table uses the first method of
reacting to a garbled <NAK>.  This is
the recommended method as the
retransmission of a data block, even
at the lowest baud rates, takes
considerably less time than waiting
for a timeout from the receiver.  In
the State Table, n is the current block
number (therefore n-1 is, of course,
the previous block number); r is the
retry counter and c is the CRC
handshake retry counter.  The actions
n+, r+ and c+ are incrementing the
appropriate counter.  It should be
noted that the action n+ will always
cause r = 0 or, to put it another
way, whenever a block is successfully
sent and recieved the retry counter is
reset.  When a r+ action causes r to
reach the threshold, an error is
generated and the program is aborted. 
A Result in angle brackets (i.e. < >)
is the reciept of that character. A
Result of "Block..." is the reciept of
a complete, valid data block. Results
of Other and Timeout are the reciept of
any unlisted input (invalid or
incomplete blocks included) and the
occurance of a timeout in the character
recieve routine, respectively.      A
specific check is made for <EOT> when
expecting the first data block. This
is because some installations (e.g.
CompuServe) will send an <EOT> to
signal that the processor is too busy
to successfully transfer a file.

---- A1B. STATE TABLE

StateAction on entryResultAction
on resultNext State
Send-InitSet cksum
mode,n=0<NAK>Get data for 1st
block,n+
Send-Data<C> Set CRC mode,get dat
for 1st blk,n+Send-Data
Other r+Send-InitTimeout ErrorAbortSend-Data
Send
Block n<ACK> Get dat for nxt blk, n+
Send-Data, or Send-EOT,if EOF<NAK>
or
Other r+Send-DataTimeout
ErrorAbortSend-EOT
Send <EOT><ACK> --Exit
Other r+Send-EOTTimeout ErrorAbort
Rec-Init-CRCSet CRC mode,Send <C>,
n=1Blk nStore data,send <ACK>, n+
Rec-Data<EOT>ErrorAbort
Other r+Rec-Init-CRCTimeout c+
Rec-Init-CRCc+ thresholdSet cksum
mode, r=0Rec-Init-Cksm
Rec-Init-CksmSend <NAK>All--Rec-Data
Rec-Data--Block nStore data, send
<ACK>,n+
Rec-DataBlock n-1Send <ACK>, r+
Rec-Data<EOT>If n = 1, ErrorAbort


 This version of the document was


 Loading 0rogram


     When you first start up, you
should load the "Cursive Loader"
program first.  After the program is
ready, run it.

     You will see numbers in the upper
portion of the screen.  The very top 
left number is the memory location that
the redefined data for the 1525 will be
poked.  The top middle number is the
ascii value of alphanumeric character
being redefined for the 1525.  The
right top number is the value being
poked in the top left number.
     The second row number, top left,
is the memory location where data will
be poked for keyboard characters,
second row right.


 Main Program

     When typing on the cursive word
processor be sure not to do the
following things:
 
 1.  Do not use numbers
 2.  Do not go over 60 characters
    (warning bell will sound)

     When you are finished entering
your text (or short line)
press return, then press "F1" so the
computer can begin reading your
characters.
     This is where all the action
begins.  The top left number is where
the computer is scanning, the next is
the first string it is storing
redefined data, the next is where the
computer is.  Next is the seco	
string if needed, the next is where the
computer is looking for redefined 1525
data, and the next is the screen memory
location.
     When you get back to the menu you
can advance the printer one linespace
by pressing "F3".
DDL>>TO<<PRNTSHP
The program, [dd>>+<<ps], is a utility program written by Wayne Schmidt to
support the conversion of PrintShop 'GraphicEditor' images (3 disk blocks) to a
Doodle-compatible file and the reverse (conversion of screen portions:88 bits x
52 bits). Nine 'GE' images are supported per screen (without overlap) and the
arrangements can be transferred within the program as well as their placement
on the screen. ** 50 CBM disk blocks **

Keywords: UTILITY, PRINTSHOP, CONVERSION, DOODLE, FLEXIDRAW, GRAPHICS, GRAPHIC
EDITOR, UTILITY, SCHOENMALER, SCHMIDT

Graphic Editor Options: Load PS Files / Load Doodle / Save PS Files /
Save Doodle / Transfer Images / List Directory / Toggle Screen

The placements options are: 24-bit horizontal separation with 20-bit vertical
separation, no horizontal separation with 20-bit vertical separation, and no
horiz. or vert. separation.

Another option is immmediate 'transfer-to-bitmap' upon loading /or/ selected
transfer. A list is maintained of loaded or saved PS images and their placement
or (background) positions.

The 'no-horizontal-separation' arrangements supports use with Flexidraw (see 8k
	tmap <> doodle conversion prg.) black and white screens. With the converted
form (DD-file) the collected images can be: printed out (for reference) [many
Doodle-compatible dumps], used as the basis for compositions or further work,
explored extensively with the powerful tools available in Doodle and Flexidraw
(scaling, outlining,inversion, mirroring, rotating, duplicating, etc.),and can
be much more easily created & modified. After further work they can be
converted back to PrintShop 'GraphicEditor' forma	to be used in banners,cards,
letterheads, ..., etc.
Presently the program supports only the 'Non-Commodore Printer' format of image
files. If there are sufficient requests or enough interest the 1525/801 format
could be added (the program as released is not modifiable - I may write an
article for publication).
Share and Enjoy!
                 Wayne Schmidt























                              Disk Doctor C16 & Plus/4
                                          
                        Commodore Business Machines Limited
                                       CANADA
                                    October 1984






































                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





                  Disk Doctor Instruction Manual


                  Table of Contents

              Contents                                     Page

               1.0    Introduction  ...................     3

               2.0    Loading and Running Instructions      4

               3.0    Commands  .......................     5

                      3.A  Change byte under cursor  ..     5

                      3.B  Text mode  .................     5

                      3.C  Drive to access  ...........     6

                      3.D  Unit to access  ............     6

                      3.E  Block  .....................     7

                      3.F  Increment sector............     7

                      3.G  Decrement sector............     7

                      3.H  Quit  ......................     8

                      3.I  Stop  ......................     8

                      3.J  Jump  ......................     8

                      3.K  Next  ......................     8

                      3.L  Rewrite sector  ............     9

                      3.M  Print the sector  ..........     9

                      3.N  Help  ......................     10

                      3.O  F1  ........................     10

                      3.P  F4  ........................     10

                      3.Q  F2  ........................     11

                      3.R  F5  ........................     11

                      3.S  F7  ........................     11

               4.0    Examples  .......................     12




                                                                  page 2



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               1.0    Introduction


           The objective of the program 'Disk Doctor' is to  allow  easy
           manipulation of data  and  correction  of  errors  on  floppy
           diskettes.  The operation of the  program  has  intentionally
           been kept simple to allow more users the ability to make  use
           of it's capabilities.  Although the use of  the  program  has
           been kept simple the data that can be altered on  the  floppy
           is  in  a  specific  order.   One  of  the  best  sources  of
           information about how data is written and stored on a  floppy
           diskette is the manual which came with your disk drive.

           This program has the power  to  ruin  diskettes  as  well  as
           reclaim information  from them.  It is for this  reason  that
           we strongly suggest you become familiar  with  the  directory
           structure and file chaining format covered in your disk drive
           manual.

           Throughout this manual you will see '[return]' this indicates
           that the return key should be depressed.



































                                                                  page 3



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               2.0    Loading and Running Instructions


           'DISK DOCTOR.TED' will work on the Commodore 16 and Commodore
           Plus/4 computers and is written in machine  language  with  a
           one line basic driver.  In this way loading is very simple as
           follows :

                      DLOAD "DISK DOCTOR.TED"  [return]

           This statement will load the program into  the  memory  space
           normally occupied by basic programs.  If you were to ask  for
           a 'LIST [return]' you would see :

                      16 sys (4128)

           To start 'Disk Doctor' type in 'RUN [return].'  At this point
           you will see a screen with the title of the  program,  a  few
           instructons and you are ready to go.

           There are several commands and functions that Disk Doctor can
           perform.  If  you  are  just  getting  started  and  wish  to
           experiment,  use  a  diskette  which  does  not  contain  any
           valuable information.  Altering information on  the  diskette
           can corrupt the entire diskette.

           The commands in section 3.0 of this manual will  detail  what
           each of the commands are capable of doing.  In every  command
           as a precaution the STOP key will exit  the  command  without
           the function of the command taking place.



           NOTE : Disk Doctor can irreparably modify a diskette's data.






















                                                                  page 4



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               3.0    Commands


               3.A  '@'  Change byte under cursor

           The change byte under cursor is envoked   by  depressing  the
           '@' key.

           When the change byte command is called a prompt is printed in
           the message buffer under the data box as follows :

                      CHANGE BYTE NEW VALUE [D/$H]=

           The program now wants you to input  either  a  decimal  value
           between 0-255 [return] or a hexidecimal value  between  00-ff
           preceeded by a '$' followed by [return].  After inputting the
           value the program will change that byte under the  cursor  on
           the screen, change this character's color to red  and  change
           the byte in the disk drive buffer.  This change will  not  be
           written to the floppy diskette until the execution of the  'R
           rewrite' command discussed later in section 3.L.  The  Change
           byte command can be exited with the use of the STOP key.



               3.B  'T'  Text mode

           The text mode is envoked by depressing the 't' key.

           When the text mode command is called the screen border  color
           becomes orange and a prompt is printed in the message  buffer
           under the data box as follows :

                      TEXT MODE : Press Return to Exit

           The program now allows you to alter the data by simply typing
           on the keyboard.  Data may be typed in upper  case  or  lower
           case with reverse on or off.  You may use the cursor keys  to
           position the cursor anywhere in the data box.  As  each  byte
           is typed the byte is changed under the cursor on the  screen,
           that character's color is changed to red and the byte in  the
           disk drive buffer is changed. As in the Change  byte  command
           this change will not be written to the floppy diskette  until
           the execution of the 'R rewrite' command discussed  later  in
           section 3.L.  After striking the [return]  key  to  exit  the
           Text mode the message is removed  from  the  screen  and  the
           border color returned to purple.  The Text mode can  also  be
           exited by using the STOP key.








                                                                  page 5



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               3.0    Commands


               3.C  'D'  Drive to access

           The Drive command is envoked by depressing the 'd' key.

           When the drive command is called the cursor will be  flashing
           on the number to the right of Drive in the upper  information
           box.  At this point you have several options.  One option  is
           to enter a '0' or a '1'  to  specify  the  drive  to  access.
           Another option is to enter 'u' to change the  unit  that  the
           program will access.  The 'u' command is detailed in the next
           section 3.D.  Help can also be obtained from the drive option
           by depressing the 'HELP' key.  If the number already contains
           the value you require then simply strike the [return] key and
           the program will go to the disk drive, get the data from this
           block and display it on the screen.  The program can also  be
           exited by using the STOP key from the drive command.



               3.D  'U'  Unit to access

           The Unit command is envoked by depressing the 'u' key.

           When the unit command is called the cursor will  be  flashing
           on the number to the right of 'Unit' near the bottom  of  the
           screen.  The unit can be any number from 8 to  15  inclusive.
           If you have a second drive connected  as  unit  9  then  this
           command will instruct  'Disk  Doctor'  to  access  that  disk
           drive.  If the number already contains the value you  require
           then simply strike the [return] key.























                                                                  page 6



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               3.0    Commands


               3.E  'B'  Block

           The Block command is envoked by depressing the 'b' key.

           When the block command is called the cursor will be  flashing
           on the first character of the two digit number to  the  right
           of 'Track' in the upper information box.  The program is  now
           waiting for you to input a track number.  After the track has
           been input the cursor immediately  moves  to  the  two  digit
           number to the right of 'Sector' in the upper information box.
           The program is now waiting for you to input a sector  number.
           When the block has been input  (ie.  Track  and  Sector)  the
           program will go to the disk drive , get the data from the new
           block and display it on the screen.  The program can also  be
           exited by using the STOP key while  inputting  the  track  or
           sector.



               3.F  '+'  Increment sector

           The Increment sector command is envoked by depressing the '+'
           key.

           When the increment sector command is called the you will  see
           the two digit number to the right of 'Sector'  in  the  upper
           information box  become  incremented  by  one.   After   this
           increment the program will go to the disk  drive  ,  get  the
           data from the new block and display it on the  screen.   This
           command is useful if you want to  look  through  all  of  the
           sectors in a particular track.



               3.G  '-'  Decrement sector

           The Decrement sector command is envoked by depressing the '-'
           key.

           When the decrement sector command is called the you will  see
           the two digit number to the right of 'Sector'  in  the  upper
           information box  become  decremented  by  one.   After   this
           decrement the program will go to the disk  drive  ,  get  the
           data from the new block and display it on  the  screen.   The
           decrement command will only decrement the sector to  a  value
           of 00.  This command is useful if you want  to  look  through
           all of the sectors in a particular track.






                                                                  page 7



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               3.0    Commands


               3.H  'Q'  Quit

           The Quit command is envoked by depressing the 'q' key.

           When the quit function is called all of the  disk  files  are
           closed and control is returned to direct basic mode.



               3.I  'STOP'

           The Stop command is envoked by depressing the 'STOP' key.

           This command is identical to the Quit command.  When the stop
           function is called all of  the  disk  files  are  closed  and
           control is returned to the direct basic mode.



               3.J  'J'  Jump

           The Jump command is envoked by depressing the 'j' key.

           When the Jump command is called the track and sector for  the
           block are read from the byte under the cursor  and  the  next
           byte respectively. The program will go to the  disk  drive  ,
           get the data from the new block and display it on the screen.
           This command is useful when following the forward links of  a
           file starting from a directory entry.



               3.K  'N'  Next

           The Next command is envoked by depressing the 'n' key.

           When the Next command is called the track and sector for  the
           block are read from byte  0  and  byte  1  respectively.  The
           program will go to the disk drive , get the data from the new
           block and display it on the screen.   This  command  is  very
           useful when following the forward links of a file.












                                                                  page 8



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               3.0    Commands


               3.K  'R'  Rewrite Block to Floppy

           The Rewrite command is envoked by depressing the 'r' key.

           When the change byte command is called a prompt is printed in
           the message buffer under the data box as follows :

                      REWRITE BLOCK  ARE YOU SURE [y/n]

           The program is now waiting for you to answer 'y' to continue.
           If you answer yes to this prompt the data from the  data  box
           will be written to the floppy diskette in it's  present  form
           whether  it  was  altered  or  not.    Of   course   if   the
           write-protect notch is covered the attempt to  write  to  the
           disk will fail.  Depressing any  key  (including  the  'STOP'
           key) but the 'y' key will abort the Rewrite function.



               3.M  'P'  Print the sector

           The Print command is envoked by depressing the 'p' key.

           When the print command is called a prompt is printed  in  the
           message buffer under the data box as follows :

                      HEX DUMP TO PRINTER    ? [y/n]

           The program is now waiting for you to answer 'y' to continue.
           If you answer yes to this prompt the printer will  print  the
           hexidecimal values and of the data box as well  as  an  ASCII
           representation of the data.  Pressing any key other than  the
           'y' key will abort the print function.

           If there is a problem with the printer (ie. not connected  or
           turned off) a prompt will be printed in  the  message  buffer
           under the data box as follows :

                      NO PRINTER CONNECTED

           In this case depressing  any  key  will  return  you  to  the
           command mode.











                                                                  page 9



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               3.0    Commands


               3.N  'HELP' Help

           The Help function is envoked by depressing the 'HELP' key.

           When the Help function is called a screen full of information
           containing a quick summary will appear.  Depressing  any  key
           at this point will return you to where you left.



               3.O  'F1' Function Key

           The F1 function is envoked by depressing the 'F1' key.

           When the F1 function is called, this will cause  the  program
           to read and display Track 18 Sector 00.  This is a quick  way
           to display the first block of the directory file chain.



               3.P  'F4' Function Key

           The F4 function is envoked by depressing the 'F4' key.

           When the F1 function is called, this will cause  the  program
           to read and display Track 18 Sector 01.  This is a quick  way
           to display the second block of the directory file chain.


























                                                                 page 10



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               3.0    Commands


               3.Q  'F2' Function Key

           The F2 function is envoked by depressing the 'F2' key.

           When the F2 function is called, this will cause  the  program
           to read and display Track 01 Sector 00.  This is a quick  way
           to display the inner most track on a 1541 disk drive.



               3.R  'F5' Function Key

           The F5 function is envoked by depressing the 'F5' key.

           When the F5 function is called, this will cause  the  program
           to read and display Track 35 Sector 00.  This is a quick  way
           to display the outer most track on a 1541 disk drive.



               3.S  'F7' Function Key

           The F7 function is envoked by depressing the 'F7' key.

           When the F7 function is called, this will put three  carriage
           returns in the keyboard buffer.  This is useful to accept the
           defaults from the screen when inputting the block information
           (ie. track and sector).

























                                                                 page 11



                                               Disk Doctor Documentation





               4.0     Examples


           The following are examples of how the 'DISK DOCTOR.TED' could
           aid in manipulating and reclaiming data on a diskette.



               Unscratch a scratched file


           The first  example  is  how  to  unscratch  an  inadvertantly
           scratched file.  Refer to the disk drive manual  for  details
           on the file type byte in the directory entry.

           After a file is scratched the file type byte in the directory
           entry is changed to a value of zero (0).  All of the data  in
           that file remains on the disk untouched until another file  i
           written on the disk.  So if you have just  scratched  a  file
           and have not written another to the disk the  following  will
           reclaim the file as good as new.

           The file type byte need only be changed back  to  the  number
           which represents it's file type (ie. $81 seq,  $82  prg,  $83
           usr, $84 rel) and then VALIDATE  the  disk  to  allocate  the
           blocks in the bit avalability map (BAM) and the file has been
           recovered.



               Change Diskette Name


           The name of the diskette is stored in the directory track  18
           sector 00 of a 1541 disk drive.  Using 'DISK DOCTOR.TED'  you
           can modify the title that the disk  was  given  when  it  was
           formatted.

           Use the program to display track 18 sector  00  and  position
           the cursor to byte 144 which  is  the  beginning  of  the  16
           character diskette name.  Enter the TEXT mode and type in the
           new diskette name.  When you have finished altering the  name
           depress [return] to exit the TEXT mode.  To make this  change
           permanent use the REWRITE function descirbed in section 3.L.












                                                                 page 12



                        An Overview - Decoding and Displaying
                        RLE Hi-Res Encoded Data Files.
                             By Chrisdos. Cbig Sig Sysop


        This file will help the basic programmer in writing a program that
will translate the captured data for a RLE (Run Lenght Encoded) picture.

        The computer that this is used on should be able to do the following:
                1) Be able to log into CIS and RAM BUFFER capture data online.
                2) Be able to save this RAM data as an ASCII file to Disk.
                3) Have at least a Hi-Resolution screen of 256 x 192 pixels.

        To capture the picture file you want, log onto CIS and goto the page
with the picture. You will be informed that your terminal does not support
the Hi-Res pictures and will be asked if you wish to proceed. You reply YES.
                1) Just before selecting the menu number for the picture
you want, OPEN your RAM BUFFER.
                2) Select the picture. You will see meaningless letters and
symbols scroll across your screen.
                3) When they stop, CLOSE andd SAVE your RAM buffer (in ASCII
format) to Disk.
                4) Press your <ENTER> key to return to the picture menu.

The file you have just saved to disk contains the RLE data required to draw
the image on your screen, all you must now do is decode this data and display
it.

        The picture area is a 256 across by 192 down grid. The ASCII value
of each character in the file represents how many dark and how many light
pixels to draw across each line. The data in the file may be thought of as
pairs, as it is sent as DARK LIGHT  DARK LIGHT  DARK LIGHT .......
The actual value of pixels to turn on or off is the ASCII value of the
character minus 32. This is done so that no control codes are sent that might
upset the recieveing computer or network. All picture codes will be in the
range CHR$(32) (ASCII space) to chr$(127) (ASCII del).
This makes the pixel range for one character 0 to 95.

        What follows is a plain vanilla basic flow chart that you can
follow to help write a program to display the picture on your computer.


1) Open and prepair the previously captured data file for input.
2) Clear and initalize the Hi-Res Screen of your computer. The upper left most
pixel is to be consitered Line 1 Column 1.
Set a line counter variable = 1. Also set a column variable = 1. (LI=1:CO=1)
3) GET one charater from the file and test to see if it equal to chr$(27).
(GET#8,X$: IF X$=CHR$(27) then ...... )
This is an ESC code and indicates the begining of the picture data.
        If the character is not a Chr$(27) then loop back to 3).
4) GET the next character after the ESC. It should equal an ASCII "G".
(GET#8,X$:If X$="G" then ........)
This means Graphics mode. If it is not a "G", either return to 3) or display
an error.
5) GET the next character after the G, it should be an ASCII "H".
(GET#8,X$:IF X$="H" then ......)
This means High-Res. If it is not, return to 3) or display an error.


6) Get the next character. Call it BL$ (Black) Convert it to a value of pixels
by the formula: BP=ASC(BL$)-32 (BlackPixels = ascii value of BL$ minus 32)
    Was the END OF FILE HIT ? If yes then goto 13) (The exit)
Since your screen is already black, it is not required to write black
pixels to the screen, just to update the Line and Column pointers.
You want to add one to the column number for each count of the BP, you also
want to reset this value to 1 and add one to the line count when the column
count equals 257.
Also, should BP = 0 you dont need to do anything here.
7) If BP = 0  then GOTO 9)
8) For Z = 1 to BP
   CO = CO + 1       (Column = column + 1)
   If CO = 257 then LI = LI + 1: CO = 1  (Overflow, increase line, reset column)
   Next Z
   If LI=193 then goto 13)  (Was that the last line? If yes, goto exit)
9) Get the next character, call it WT$ (white) Convert it to the value of white
pixels via: WP=ASC(WT$)-32
    Was the END OF FILE HIT ? If YES GOTO 13) (the exit)
10) Should the value of WP be 0, dont do anything here, return to get the
next black character. (GOTO 6))
The next loop is almost the same as the black loop, only here we need to
set pixels on.
11) For Z=1 to WP
    Set LI,CO    (Set the pixel at line LI, column CO)
    CO = CO + 1
    IF CO = 257 then LI = LI + 1: CO = 1
    Next Z
    If LI=193 then goto 13)
    (Was that the last line ? If yes then exit)
12) GOTO 6)   (Loop back to the next black character)


13) The exit.. CLOSE the disk file. 
    Look at the picture on the screen. Set up a loop to wait for a key press
before you reset or clear the screen.



 Different computers will use different syntaxes in their BASICs, but using
the above brief outline, you should be able to write a program to display
the pictures.

What follows is part of the information avalible in the Technical files
on the VID-1 pages.

*****
    High Resolution Graphics
  <ESC><G><H>
  The screen is cleared to black and high resolution graphics mode (256 x 192
pixels) is entered.  In this mode data is sent as pairs of run length encoded
characters.
  The first character of the pair indicates the number of background pixels. 
The second character indicates the number of foreground pixels.  Each character
of a pair is the actual count plus 32.  The total count + 32 will not exceed
127, so that the parity bit is to be ignored.
  For example, the ASCII sequence <L><W> indicates 44 background pixels and 55
foreground pixels.  The line drawing also should wrap from the last position on
a line to the first position on the next line.
  Thus, if the last pixel set on a line was in position 250, and a sequence of 0
background and 10 foreground is received, then the last 6 pixels are set on the
next line.
*****


For more information, try contacting the SYSOP of the SIGs related
to your computer.

Note to Commodore 64 users: Avalible in DL2 of the CBIG SIG is the terminal
program CBterm/C64. This program displays the RLE Hi-Res pictures ON LINE
and will even dump them to a Star or Epson printer.
The program is avalible for downloading via VIDTEX or XMODEM, and if you can
not download, you may get a free copy in the mail by reading the file
MAILIN.TXT also in DL2 of CBIG. See the files there for more info.
  -Chrisdos CBIG SYSOP

(
ST ENTER 'LANGLEY' PLUS"There is a new Electronic Arts Action Maze Game Demo in CBMART's LIB 8.  Its
name is DEMON.BIN.  This is a Demo of EA's new Game named "Demon Stalkers:
The Raid on Doomfane" which should be in the stores during the month of
November.  There are 99 levels of mazes and the Demo named  DEMON.BIN
allows you to play just level one.  Level 100 is a special level where
the demon Calvrak is waiting.  There is in the EA version a "construction
set" and Editor to allow players to create their own levels.
 
Also in LIB 8 is a program file named:  FLEVEL.BIN  which can only be
used if you have the "Demon Stalkers:  The Raid on Doomfane" Game.  So
do NOT download this file unless you have the EA Game.
 
This special FLEVEL.BIN Utility file will allow users to take levels they
have created and convert them to files suitable for uploading here to share
with others and also the downloading of "level" files and converting
them for your Game.
 
There is one other file in LIB 8 named  JLEVEL.BIN  which is a special file
that contains three custom "levels" created with FLEVEL.BIN.  Again do NOT
download this file unless you have the EA Game.  These las	two files
can only be used with the EA "Demon Stalkers:  The Raid on Doomfane."
 
Please remember that this is only a Demo file and not the complete game.
 
We hope you will enjoy this Demo  DEMON.BIN.




 Many modems, that are available for the Commodore 64 and 128, can be
classified as "dumb" modems. Unlike the Hayes standard "smart" modems, the
features of a dumb modem are almost exclusively software controlled.

 The major example of a software controlled function, is auto-dialing.
Dialing is by no means automatic. It is a semi-complicated
toggling of the modem on and offline. Despite this sounding rather
undependable, it is in fact the method that electronic phones use, when
they pulse dial.

 The following is intended as a guide for terminal programmers who wish
to write their own pulse dialing routines. The first part outlines the
dialing process. The second describes how the following process can
can be applied to the popular modems.

 The dialing process consists of the following steps:

 1: Put the modem online. A delay is now necessary, to give the telephone
    exchange sufficient time to supply a dial tone. 1.5 to 2 seconds is
    usually enough, but this might be different for your particular
    exchange.

 2: Form a PULSE COUNTER using next digit of the phone number. Digits 1-9
    are converted to the representative value 1-9 in the counter. Zero
    are represented by the representative value 1-9 in the counter. Zero
    is special. As zero doesn't convey information, the digit zero
    is converted into 10 pulses (counter = 10).

 3: The pulse loop commences. The toggling of the modem on/offline is
    timed as follows:

      a) Put modem offline for 60 milliseconds. Modem back online.
      b) Delay for 40 milliseconds.
      c) Decrement pulse counter. If pulse counter is not zero go
         back to step a).

 4: An inter-digit delay for 700 milliseconds. If all digits of
    phone number have not been dialed, go back to step 2.

 5: Wait for carrier.

 The above delays can be considered the maximum needed for dependable
dialing. I have found that 40/30/300 to be as dependable. Your range will
vary with your exchange's equipment.

 An example delay routine in BASIC:

10 t=value: rem value is milleseconds/10 eg 700 -> value = 70
20 t=t-1: if t<>0 then 10

 I've written an ML version, but, if your doing it in ML, then that's a
nice exercise (grin).


PART 2:
-------

 It seems like every modem manufacturer takes great pride in making
their modem operate differently from their competitor's. Fortunately,
through the fog, there is light. The dialing mode of nearly all 64/128
dumb modems can be classified into two categories:

 1) 1650 compatible. eg Pocket modem, 1064, 64 Modem

 2) 1660 compatible. eg Mitey Mo, HES-II


 The computer communicates with the modem via the user port, which is
hooked to the NMI generating CIA chip. The location that concerns
the programmer, is dec 56577 ($DD01) which is Data Port B of this CIA.

 The Data Direction Register at location 56579 ($DD03) controls the
direction (in or out of the computer) of the lines represented in 56577.

POKE56579,38   This is a universal POKE. In addition to the hook line, this
               sets as outputs the lines Request to Send, and
               Data Terminal Ready. These are used by modems for
               various purposes, but the POKE is common. The other 5
               lines are inputs.


 Bit 5 of 56577, and its corresponding line, are used by the
Commodore compatible dumb modems, for controlling the hook. By toggling
this bit, the modem can be put on and offline, or, if you prefer,
off and on hook.


 The on/offline POKEs in BASIC are:

 Modem             Online                       Offline

1650 compatible    POKE56577,PEEK(56577)OR32    POKE56577,PEEK(56577)AND223
1660 compatible    POKE56577,PEEK(56577)AND223  POKE56577,PEEK(56577)OR32

 As you can see, the logic for the 1650 and 1660 are exactly opposite. The
reason the change was made (the 1660 being a later design), was probably
because the 64 defaults to bit 5 on, and thus a 1650 defaults online,
even when not in use.


 This should give you information to get started. Please feel free to
leave me any questions you have.

GOOD LUCK!

Sysop Gary Farmaner.  Compuserve


MODIFICATION OF LADS SUBPROGRAM 'DIS' (DISASSEMBLER)
To Support Hardcopy


Mike Davidson
74116,2507

Copyright 1985
Commercial Rights Reserved


What is LADS?

     Richard Mansfield's LADS (Label Assembler Development System) is very
probably the most thoroughly documented assembler for the 6502 chip family in
existence.  Not the least of its virtues is price; for less than $15, one is
presented with a 450-page spiral-bound volume that includes the object code,
a checksum-based editor to facilitate almost painless entry, the full,
commented source code, and a highly readable tour of logic, routines,
programming hints, and help.  Indeed, Mr. Mansfield conducts a one-to-one
seminar, and the instruction is first rate.  Optionally, a disk may be
ordered at modest cost, if entering 10K of source code, plus another 5K of
object code isn't your idea of fun.  In sum, LADS is a key for almost anyone
to successfully learn assembly language, and to begin producing some useful
stuff in ML.

'DIS'--The Disassembler Subprogram

     Quite obviously, disassembly and study of commercial or "professional"
routines are a large part of becoming proficient in machine language.  Study
of another's work is not unlike the casebook method in law, or the laboratory
environment in science.  LADS includes a very fast optional disassembler.

     The present file shows how to modify this subprogram to stream
disassembled code to a printer.  There are, of course, other approaches to
this.  My personal preference and work habits dictate that having an entire
routine in hardcopy is much easier to follow than starting and stopping screen
output.  Convenience also determined that 'dis' remain a RAM-based aid rather
than attempting to read files directly from disk.  As modified, a programmer
may disassemble between two addresses without having to watch the equipment.
The stop key is active at all times, to allow changing one's mind.  One is not
obligated to use header-dictated starting addresses, but may dip into memory at
any point and quit at any point.  'Dis' is also most useful for exploring ROM
routines.

The Modification

     These changes presuppose that you have a machine-readable copy of all the
LADS subprograms (source code), since you will be creating new object code for
'dis.'  The disassembler may NOT stand alone.  It draws upon routines and
definitions elsewhere in LADS during assembly and execution, as do the present
modifications.

     Line numbers have been arranged to merge with the published source code,
using most BASIC merge utilities.  'Disk Merge' (VIC/64), published in the
January '85 issue of Gazette, should work well.  There are others on CIS.  If
you do a merge, the modifications file should be designated as primary.  To be
of help to the greatest number of users, I have purposely not submitted this
as a machine-specific image file.  Users may elect to convert the listing from
ASCII to program with an appropriate file-conversion utility.  Dan Rothwell's
'Cruncher' (Midwest Micro) is an all-ML example for the C-64; others are
available through ACCESS.  If all else fails, one COULD type it in manually.
(Smile).

     Commenting is intended to resolve initial questions on logic, and may be
deleted at your convenience.  I suggest that you create a separate work disk
containing all the subprogram source code, leaving your master disk intact, as
published.

     Questions on these modifications are always welcome via EMAIL.



25 lda #147:jsr print:jsr prntcr; clr screen, cursor to line two
161 jsr prntcr:lda #<stopmess:sta temp:lda #>stopmess:sta temp+1:jsr prntmess
162 jsr prntcr:lda #63:jsr print:ldy #0:sty y; format, punc, zero counter
163 dtm1 jsr charin
164 beq dtm1
165 cmp #13;  ck for cr
166 beq dm1
167 ldy y:sta label,y:jsr print
168 iny:sty y:jmp dtm1
169 dm1 lda #0:sta label,y:jsr prntcr
170 lda #<label:sta temp:lda #>label:sta temp+1:jsr valdec
171 lda result:sta nubuf:lda result+1:sta nubuf+1
172 jsr open4;  printer channel--routine resides in subprogram 'open1'
173 inc printflag; advise lads we're sending data to printer
174 ldx #4; logical file nmbr
175 jsr chkout
176 ;
190 getbyte jsr stopkey:bne goahead:jmp fin; after keyscan, interpret result
195 goahead jsr gb:sta filen
600 alldone jsr prntcr:jsr stopck:bcc alld1:jmp fin
601 ;  stopck is a double-byte comparison between start & stop addrs
602 ;  branch occurs if result < stop, to getbyte thru alld1. otherwise, exit
603 ;  fin is lads most formal exit, at line 4390 in subprogram 'eval'
716 stopmess .byte "enter stop address":.byte 0
720 stopck sec
722 lda pmem
724 sbc nubuf
726 sta result
728 lda pmem+1
730 sbc nubuf+1
732 ora result
734 rts
750 .file dtables
755 ;
760 ;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
761 ;          references
762 ;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
763 ;
764 ;the label assembler development system (lads) is documented in
765 ;
766 ;richard mansfield, second book of machine language (greensboro, nc:
767 ;compute! publications, inc., 1984)
768 ;
769 ;the c-64 rom routines are generally described in
770 ;
771 ;commodore 64 programmer's reference guide (wayne, pa: commodore business
772 ;machines, inc., 1982), pp. 272-306


      DOMINARI

   Nolm, is a god of greatness. He rules this world named DOLTATE' with much intellect. The world, a small but
lively one, was a battleground for great warriors who sought out to be DOMINARI (The Master.) These warriors
fought with great courage and skill. Most Dominaris would only last a few days before they were knocked off by another warrior. Deaths were expected in these
fights. But Nolm, who got tired of this after centuries of tradition, would not let this be allowed again.

   One day, before a test of skill was to begin. Nolm came down from the sky as a apparatus and told the the crowd  the conclusions of his thoughts. though the
people were disappointed at the gods demands. It managed to last for
four years. A growing debate about the traditions of the world exploded when two men tested their skill on each other, breaking the gods rule. But this did not
last long. The two men were immediately struck by the hand of Nolm and were thereafter frozen solid, and left there like stone art to remind the people this
was not allowed.

   'This is not going to keep these people from pursuing the ultimate goal of Dominari' thought nolm Then the idea came upon him. He would create an almost
real illusionistic game to determine the Dominari who would govern the world. No one would die. They would progress each time they survived the
game. It would be a test of skill, intelligence, courage, and luck.

   As of now, fifty seven Dominaris have come and gone. Vile, a powerful wizard, is the present and fifty eighth Dominari. But he is old and not likely to stay
in power long.


      LOADING GAME:

To load game, place game disk in drive #8 and print 'LOAD "*",8' and press <<RETURN>>. When the computer prints 'READY,' Print 'RUN' and press <RETURN>>. Have
your joystick plugged into port two and you are ready to
play.


      BEGINNING GAME:

   When the game prompts you with a menu, select A>> or B>>. If you select A>> you will begin a new game. The game will then ask for the number of players. So
select a number  between 1 and 8. NOTE: If there is an old game on disk. The game must erase it before it continues. This takes a few minutes.

   A character file exists in the game to keep track of up to 26 characters. To begin, there are none. So select all NEW characters. The next screen will ask
for a name and then place a list of weapons to choose from below it. You have a beginning total of 250 gold to buy your weapons with. Choose them wisely. The
maximum damage and cost is
displayed with the list. You must pick weapons until you have not got enough gold to buy any more.

   NOTE: These new characters will not 
         be added to the character file 
         until they have survived their
	 first game.

   After all players have been selected, the game will then prompt you to choose a level of play. The four levels of play are: EASY, MODERATE, DIFFICULT, and
IMPOSSIBLE. Take these levels LITERALLY!!! These levels will determine the number of monsters you will encounter and how many bonus
points you will receive at the end. But, most of all, the levels of play will set your reaction time. This
reaction time is used when you are in combat. The higher the level, the less time you have allotted yourself to react to selections in the combat mode.


      THE GAME SCREEN:

   The game screen is divided into four parts. The top left box is for monster types and their numbers. This box is
also used to display weapons and spells you find in the dungeon. The top right box is for displaying room layouts and doors. The bottom box is some of the
common input inquiries, and the middle box is for character displays. This will show all points, abilities, and weapons. 

      THE JOYSTICK:

   Dominari offers a unique way to control the game. The game may be played with a joystick. A few exceptions do exist. The process goes like this; When, on
the screen, you have a number in brackets like this <5>, it represents a position on the joystick. For example, if you had <3> on the screen for your selection
or choice. you would pull down on the stick. That joystick position is the number three. 

      MOVING AROUND:

   To move around the rooms and floors of the dungeon, use the joystick. UP [position 1] for north. LEFT [position 2] for west. DOWN [position 3] for south,
and RIGHT [position 4] for east. North is always up in the dungeon. [position 5] for up stairs & [position 7] for down stairs. The doors are marked in the
middle of the walls in light blue, except the door you came in, that one is in white. To pause the
game, press <<P>> when it is lit in the bottom box. Hit the <<RUN/STOP>> key to resume play. 

      COMBAT:

   When monsters are found the game will award initiative. If you win, the <1>CHANGE and <3>RUN slots will light in the bottom box. If you wish to change your
weapons, then push forward on the stick. If you wish to run from the monsters then pull back on the stick when they are lit. If you wish to use the weapons you
have previously selected, do nothing while they are lit. The game will now light <2>WEAPON and <4>SPELL in the bottom box. To choose weapons, go left on the
stick. To choose spells, go right on the stick. The characters weapons or spells will pop up in the middle box. To choose the weapon or spell of your choice,
move the joystick to that corresponding position. That is, if you
wish selection #3, then pull back on the stick. If you wish #5, then push the button and push up. 

   NOTE: You can only use spells once, 
         except for two. The STAFF OF 
         MARA and the MAGIC MISSILE. 
         You could still lose these if 
         you like to use them a lot, so
	 be careful!

   NOTE: The STAFF OF MARA is a special 
         weapon. It contains four 
         spells in one. To select one 
         of these, go through just like 
         before and choose the STAFF. 
         You will then be asked to 
         choose one of the four spells
	 that exist in the STAFF. This 
         process is just like  
         selecting any weapon or spell.

   After you have selected a characters weapon, you will select the monster you wish that character to strike at. If there is only one monster left, the
character automatically strikes at that monster.

   NOTE: The first time you run into 
         monsters, you will have to 
         select weapons regardless of 
         input.

   After combat you might want to rest. This will increase your abilities a bit. To do this.....just do nothing.

      TREASURE:

   Before leaving any room or hallway, you should check it. You might find gold and more! When you check, if the
characters flip through, you have found gold. Finding any weapons or spells will be displayed in top left box. To
select an item, move stick to [position 3.] The characters weapons or spells will automatically show in there proper
space when you select a character. To select a character, move stick to [position 2.] To get an item for the character you wish to move to [position 5.] When
you have selected all weapons or spells, the game will allow you to move again. If you wish not to select all the weapons, push <<Q>> for quit.
All items you decide not to take are forever lost!

      THE OBJECTIVE OF DOMINARI:

   Up to now, you have been subjected to the operating procedures for Dominari. Now comes the real meat!! Your main objective of this game is to become
DOMINARI (The Master.) But to do this, it means to go through a dungeon
several times and defeating a wizard every time. You must score as many points as you can. Now, there are two ways of defeating this wizard. The hard way, and
the easy way of course. The hard way is simple, you just duke it out just like he's someone else...right!? Or you could grab his powerful gem and have the
ability to strike him dead in one blow. "What's this stone?" you ask. Well, that will
be explained later. If you begin to wounder why these meaningless messages flash on your screen (bottom of middle
box,) just remember this when you have entered the Gem Room!
    'A white dove is a symbol of       
     goodness. A black cat is symbol of 
     bad luck. And the -STONE OF POWER- 
     is all evil.'

   NOTE: The gem room is unlike all 
         others. You are viewing this 
         room from the side instead of 
         from above. Two symbols are 
         upon the wall, and two marble 
         stands sit in the middle of 
         the room. A bright diamond 
         shaped stone on top of each. 
         Use the scrolls that appear to 
         help in the selection. Go 
         right on the joystick to        
         select the right one, and left 
         to select the left one.

   Well now you think you have the game licked. "All to easy" you say. Not so maestro. You must also find and destroy all of the wizards legion
commanders...The Royal Black Knights.
To tell if there are any left: If you have destroyed the wizard and have or have not killed a black knight, and you
are still playing the game. There is at least one more left! 

      HINTS FROM THE MASTER:

   The following hints were provided to you by the author to make Dominari easier to play.

   *In selecting characters in the beginning. If you select 5 characters to go into the dungeon. You will have to complete the sequence of assigning a name a
picking weapons for each one before continuing to the next step. If you pick any OLD characters, their names and weapons are stored. So you will not have to
pick new weapons for them.

   *The joystick is only used while you are in the dungeon!! All other times, you are using the keyboard! This means that while you are setting up your
characters, selecting levels. Or while you are examining the scoreboard and picking weather to continue or not. You are using the keyboard.

   *I suggest to you, to start out on the EASY mode until you have mastered the joystick. Then start playing at harder levels. REMEMBER that a <3> on the
screen means position three (Firebutton not-pushed and down on the stick) on the joystick.

   *The dungeon has ten levels with 10-24 rooms on each level. The wizard you must kill is on the 10th level down! Make sure you search the rooms to find gold
and weapons. The Black Knights you are to kill could be as high as the 6th floor down! If you are playing EASY mode. There should be only one of these.

   *The Sith (A bigfoot type of monster with frosty hair) uses the freeze spell to kill his prey. This spell is an instantaneous killer if one is hit with it.
So be careful.

   *The small scrolls you receive during the game are very important. With the scrolls you may decide which Gem is the real one. The scrolls like the hint
above about the dove and the black cat, are riddles to solve. Decide wether the scroll suggests that dark colors are evil or light colors are evil. Then pick
the appropriate colored Gem.   

   *The scoring of this game is the key to your success. Every time you find gold, you gain points. Every time you hit a monster, you gain the equivalent
number of points that you took off of his hitpoints. That is, if you hit a skeletal with 5 points in damage. You have just gained 5 points. When someone kills
a monster. Every body in the group will gain the bonus points that exist for that monster. The harder the monster, the more bonus points you get.

   *Another scoring point is this. The way the DOMINARI is chosen is this. The game will compute the number of points you have received and divide that by the
number of games you have played. The highest average is selected for Dominari. The second highest is then chosen as the king. And so on. But the real trick is
to decide who shall play each time. Since you get bonus points for each level (0 for Easy, 500 for Moderate, 1000 for Difficult, and 1500 for Impossible.) This
become a strategy game as well as a tactical one.

   *If you want a lot more hints along with the complete manual which includes all the art!! Send $15.00 to:

      Michael J. Feldhake
      P.O. Box 47054
      Indianapolis, IN 76247-0054

      A FINAL WORD:

   Finally, let me warn you, that Dominari is a challenging game that is meant to be difficult to win at times. The combat phase will be new and frustrating at
first, but when you get used to it, you will do fine. You might never reach the goal of Dominari. You might reach it quite quickly. But even if you do, the
game will continue as before. You might have a harder time keeping the position of Dominari then
gaining it! A little hint. Leave the impossible mode alone. And of course.....good luck my dear chap!

      APPENDIX A

WEAPONS;                   DAMAGE;

1> Hand bow                3 to 8
2> Long bow                3 to 10
3> 50LB Compound bow       3 to 16
4> Regular sword           3 to 8
5> Morningstar             3 to 10
6> Dagger                  3 to 5
7> Mace                    3 to 9
8> Heavy sword             3 to 16
9> Sword + 10              7 to 14
10> Battle ax + 10        12 to 21
11> Dagger + 2             4 to 6
12> Heavy sword + 5        7 to 20
13> Sword + 2              4 to 9
*14> Fist                  2 to 4

SPELLS;

1> Fireball               22 to 41
2> Lightning              27 to 36
3> Freeze             -instant death-
4> Magic missile           4 to 9

CURE WOUNDS;            POINTS HEALED;

1> Cure light wounds       6 to 7
2> Cure wounds            11 to 14
3> Cure Heavy wounds      15 to 20

   *NOTE: Used if character has no 
          weapons. Or if you select an 
          empty slot for weapons or 
          spells.

      APPENDIX B

The current list of royalties are as follows;

   VILE............   DOMINARI

   MERMIDON........     KING

   GALVISTON.......    KNIGHT

   RION............   COMMODORE

   WASHBURN........    GENERAL

   VELOX...........     BARD

   RINGMAN.........     DUKE

   THOGAR..........    PALIDON

   FRANN...........     NOBEL

   RISBON..........     RANGER

   NOTE: Be careful not to use any of 
         these names for your personal 
         use in this game.


                     



#: 31286 S1/Help--Utility Tools
    30-Aug-94  01:01:50
Sb: #31274-read weather maps
Fm: John Iannetta/Sysop 76703,4244
To: Frank Berger 72774,3633 (X)

Frank,

    To view CIS weather maps (GO MAPS), download "VGIF64.BIN" from library 10
of this forum.  Load and run the program to produce three component files: the
viewer, a sample GIF, and the documentation text file.  If you modify the
viewer using "VGIPH.BIN" (same library), you will be able to print the maps if
you it is a two-color GIF.  When you GO MAPS, you will be asked to select a
graphics type.  Select "Hercules" for two-color and "CGA" for 16-color.  Then,
select the desired map and download it.

    It is important that you download with ASCII-to-PETASCII translation
disabled.  If you download using CIS B protocol, a quirk in the CIS software
requires you to download without using ",p" or ",p,w" after the filename.  That
will result in an SEQ file, which is all right.  Next, load and run the viewer,
with the GIF disk in your drive.  If the file is a 16-color GIF, press D to
select 320 for "Multi Width".  For a two-color GIF, you should press C to
select "Multi-Color -	o".  Then, press I to enter the GIF filename.  The name
must have a "GIF" extension, but type in only the prefix.

                                    John

Read action !            Documentation For Using The CBM Public Domain Programs
                    In This Database On a CBM 8032 Computer

The CBM Public Domain Programs in this database are written for the CBM 8032,
4032 and PET 2001.  In order to run these programs on the CBM 8032, you must
first download the file - C4032.IMG - so that the programs will run properly.
After you download this program, simply load into the CBM 8032 and then run
it.  The format of the screen will now be set to load the Public Domain
Programs.

The following is a current list of CBM Public Domain Programs in this database
that require this program:

GUESS.IMG    HOMEUT.IMG
MCROMA.IMG   MISNUM.IMG
MIXNUM.IMG

More will be added in the future.  All SIG members with CBMs 8032, 4032 or
2001 computers are more than welcome to upload programs and information files
to this database.  COPYRIGHTED PROGRAMS ARE NOT PERMITTED UNLESS APPROVAL AND
PROPER AUTHORIZATION OF THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR IS GIVEN.  THIS MUST BE STATED IN
THE DESCRIPTION OF FILE.


Dr.T Sequencer File Formats

1. All two byte numbers are stored in the standard 6502 format, (low byte, high
   byte).

2. The data for each sequence is stored internally as a series of 6 byte
   events:

         bytes 1 and 2 = no. of time-steps since last event.
         bytes 3 to  5 = actual midi event info. (NOTE ON, VELOCITY etc.).
         byte  6       = duration in time-steps, of NOTE ON events.

3. A single sequence is stored in a file whose first two bytes contain the
   length of the sequence in bytes. The remainder of the file contains the
   sequence data itself.

4. Sequence data is stored in memory as a string of 3550 consecutive sequence
   events (totaling 21300 bytes).

5. Starting locations refer to the sequence event numbers, thinking of the
   first event as 1...up to 3550.

6. The data for files containing all sequences is stored in the following
   format:

   6.1. The number 420, followed by the following data for each sequence in
        order (1-9,A-Z):

        6.1.1. Starting event of each sequence (Low/High).

        6.1.2. Ending event of each sequence (Low/High).

        6.1.3. Number of repeats f	 each sequence.

   6.2. The sequence data starts at byte 423 of the file. The sequence data 
        are followed by the number 280 and the 35 sequence names.


HOPE THIS HELPS.

Steve Pierce [73717,120]







                         DarkTerm V4.0 - By Alan Peters
                         ------------------------------

                       (C) 1986 DarkStar Systems Software



             NOTE: This program is in the public domain, and may be
         given away, but may NOT be sold, nor may the main code be
         altered in any way.


             DarkTerm 4.0 is yet another enhancement of the previous
         version, 3.0. This new version is more compact, and offers
         some new features:

             - Xmodem Sum and Xmodem CRC protocols, with automatic
         padding removal, and CIS .IMG removal.
             - Multi-Page phone directory with multi-number sequence
         dialing.
             - New editor link file, for sequential text editing.
             - Modem Modules, files that contain all the basic modem
         communications routines, so that compatibility may be offered
         to the benefit of the user.
             - Accurate 1200/2400 baud rates, with a 200-600 baud
         range as well.
             - Increased buffer capacity (32k).

             This version was designed to go along with the DarkStar
         System 3 BBS programs, 2 very powerful, all ml BBS's that run
         in FULL color, or ASCII. If you want more info on these great
         programs, see the end of the docs.



































                              Loading The Program
                              -------------------

             V4.0 will load off any type of drive and off any device
         number, as long as the drive number is "0", not "1". Type
         LOAD"DARKTERM 4.0",device #,1 to load this program. After
         loading, the program will be set up according to DT4.SETUP
         file. If that file does not exist, or it does exist in it's
         original format, then the term will operate on the default
         settings that these docs are based on.
             The program has 2 modes of operation. The first status
         indicator at the bottom right will be either inversed, or
         normal. If it is inversed, you will be in command mode, where
         all commands that use the Commodore (C=) key will be
         functional, as will be the function keys. Otherwise, all
         commands and function keys are inoperative. Use SHIFT/RETURN
         to toggle between command mode, and normal mode. To do
         anything on the terminal, you will usually have to be in
         command mode.
             That same indicator will be either an A or a C indicating
         ASCII or COLOR terminal modes. SHIFT RUN/STOP will toggle
         between color and ASCII. Color mode is the same as it always
         was with previous DarkTerms, but it never hurts to refresh
         memories, so:

             C= 1-8 and CTRL 1-8 will change the cursor color.
             F1 and a color key (ie., F1, then CTRL-1) will set the
         border color.
             F3 and a color key will set the background color.
             F5 and a color key will set the foreground color.
             CTRL-I enables the UPPER-CASE/GRAPHICS character set at
         $E000 (57344).
             CTRL-H enables the UPPER & LOWER CASE character set at
         $E800 (59392).
             CTRL-G is the bell tone.
             Cursor Up, Down, Left, Right, Clear, Home, RVS On/Off all
         operate like the normal 64 screen editor.
             RETURN will remove all characters on that line after the
         point of return.
             INSERT will insert only on the current line; the same
         goes for delete.

             The ASCII mode may not appear to be ASCII when you are in
         half duplex, and you try typing. But it is, despite the fact
         that you can cursor around.
             NOTE: You can NOT send screen colors with F1/F3/F5 when
         you are in command mode, or you will send a function key
         string.

















                               Status Indicators
                               -----------------

         00:00a 00:00:00 32768 01-01 A:B:H:I:U:W
           1        2      3     4   5 6 7 8 9 0


             1: Clock. Standard Am/Pm clock.
             2: General purpose timer. This timer will be cleared
         whenever a carrier is detected from auto dial or auto answer.
             3: Buffer Bytes Free. This is 32768 bytes when there is
         no phone directory in memory. This will count down to zero,
         and stop if it gets there.
             4: Cursor row/column position. This is for the benefit of
         color mode, when one wishes to screen map when writing
         messages on the CBBS, or use hidden cursor movement.
             5: ASCII/Color and Command Mode status. As explained
         above.
             6: Buffer open/close. Use C= O to open and close the
         buffer. The buffer is open when the status flag is inversed.
             7: Hide Screen Output. Use C= H to toggle. When inversed,
         all output to the screen is suppressed. However, if the
         buffer is open, data will still be sent to the buffer. This
         is useful for buffering data that you don't want visible on
         the screen.
             8: Modem Input/Output Inhibit. Use C= I to toggle. When
         inversed, all input and output with the modem will be put on
         hold, while the carrier will remain in it's current state.
             9: Upper Case Lock. Use C= U to toggle. All letters from
         A-Z will be in CAPS when this flag is inversed.
             0: Word Wrap. If you are logged onto a system that runs
         at 80, 132, 160, or some other screen column format more than
         40, then use C= W to enable wordwrap, and no words will be
         broken up on the right side of the screen.

             There are several other commands available, and each will
         be described in detail.
             When in a sub-menu of any command, use the RETURN key to
         get back to terminal mode, and if that doesn't work, use the
         STOP key to return.


























                         Auto Dial / Auto Answer (C= A)
                         ------------------------------

             Both auto dial and answer work according to the routines
         in the modem module file. See the notes at the end for how to
         create a modem module. Auto dialing here will only dial one
         number at a time, and will redial that number until a carrier
         is detected, or the STOP key is hit to abort dialing. A  .
         string of 18 digits is acceptable for input. In the 1650
         version, only numbers are dialed, and all other characters
         are skipped. Auto answer will answer at the current baud rate
         until a carrier is detected, or the STOP key is used
         abort. If you want multiple autodialing, use C= P and the
         phone directory.


                             Buffer Options (C= B)
                             ---------------------

             <A> Append Buffer To File.
             <C> Clear Buffer.
             <E> Edit Buffer (See Below).
             <L> Load File Into Buffer.
             <M> Merge (Add) File To Current Buffer Contents.
             <P> Print Buffer. (ASCII Or Normal).
             <R> Review Buffer (See Below).
             <S> Save Buffer.
             <T> Transmit Buffer.

             B:00000 - Buffer Byte Count.

             Transmitting buffer contents will operate according to
         the transmit delay factor set in modem options (see C= M).
         When you turn on transmit buffer, you will be returned to
         color/ascii terminal mode, and the buffer will begin to send.
         You will most likely need a delay factor when sending, or the
         data may be garbled when sending pre-written messages to a
         BBS. The CBBS-3 can usually accept text with an xmit delay of
         50 or less. Once the buffer xmits, you can use any command
         mode keys, since the buffer transmit is running in the
         background. Use SPACE to pause buffer send, and STOP to
         abort. You may not send a buffer IF: you are sending a
         function key, or, you have the buffer already open to accept
         data.
             Editing a buffer operates in the same manner as writing a
         message with CBBS-3. You will be placed in the editor, and
         anything you type will be buffered. You may write color
         messages, using screen colors, etc., as described above, or
         anything else. When you are writing text, the message "Buffer
         Edit On..." will be displayed. To exit buffer edit, use the
         STOP key. If you want to delete the current character from
         the buffer, then use CTRL-D, NOT delete, as delete will be
         buffered.













             When you are in the editor, you may not be at the end of
         the text data that it contains. Ie., if you write some text,
         exit, then select edit again, you will be at position 0,
         where the text may be at position 1234, the end of the data.
         Thus, entering any data now will in effect overwrite anything
         currently at that position. Using CTRL-D Now will erase the
         byte at position 0, and shift the entire buffer after that,
         from 1-1234, one position down, until the entire buffer has
         been justified. I will not explain what happens; you will
         have to try it yourself. Also, CTRL-X may also exit like
         STOP, BUT this has the effect of TRUNCATING the remainder of
         the buffer data, from the current position onwards.
             When you are in review mode <R>, you will be able to read
         the buffer, but you may STOP at any point using the SPACE
         bar, or abort using STOP. CTRL-X will allow you to re-enter
         the buffer at the position you stop at when you hit CTRL-X.
         Note that the character position stopped at is actually one
         past the point of re-entry. Ie., you hit CTRL-X in the middle
         of the word "commodore", stopping at the letter "m", so the
         buffer end looks like "com". You must enter "m" again, to
         preserve that last displayed character.
             If you review ALL the text, then you will be placed  into
         edit mode at the end of the review. This allows you to
         continue messages that you have previously left off  earlier.
         If you want to do formal text editing, use a wordpro, or the
         edit link.
             When using disk i/o with the buffer, note the bytes free
         counter at the bottom.


                        Change Terminal Settings (C= C)
                        -------------------------------

             Although only 15 options are displayed here, the
         parameter file DT4.SETUP will actually save 80 bytes of data
         to disk. First, the 15 shown with C= C.

             Modem File. This is the name of the file you want to use
         to control the autodial, answer, off-hook, and on-hook
         routines. All modem modules must be created at the expense of
         you, he user. You must have some experience with
         assembler/ml to create one. I myself have only provided ones
         for the 1650 and 1670, and even these may not suit your
         tastes. When you enter the name of the new file, save the
         parameters back. The modem file will NOT boot up. You will
         have to re-boot to initialize the term for a new modem file.




















             Function Key File. For the 16 function keys in the term,
         F1-F8, and C=1-C=8, you may load any default key file you
         want off disk. This file will be loaded up when you re-boot
         next time, or every time you hit RUN/STOP - RESTORE (Note:
         Run/Stop Restore will reset the terminal program in case of
         lock-up, but it will not be a complete reset that loads all
         the default files back in).
             Function keys are sent via terminal mode, color or ascii.
         You must be in command mode to send a function key string.
         You may use AT commands in the function keys if you have a
         smart modem. Key strings will be sent on a delay factor like
         buffer xmit. Also, you may not send a key string if the
         buffer is open, or you are xmitting the buffer. If you do not
         want to use a function key file, just use any file name that
         won't appear on the disk.
             Character Set. This will be the name of the default
         character set to load at boot up time. Using the name "rom"
         will set the characters to the normal text display you see,
         and will not load any custom character sets.
             Protocol. V4.0 uses both Punter and Xmodem. The xmodem is
         automatic, meaning that a CIS .IMG header will be stripped
         off the first block if found, and any padding on the last
         block will be stripped off before it is written to the disk
         This version was written by me, with the exception of the
         double buffering, which was found in a P.D. Merlin Source
         file of Xmodem 6.0, by MicroTechnic Solutions.
             Xmodem  will operate in both CRC and Xmodem. When
         receieving a file, the term MAY be in CRC or SUM despite the
         setting, depending on what mode the sender is using. when
         sending, the setting here determines the mode.
             The Punter protocol is the new 8 bit C1.v2 version
         written by Steve Punter. I have made slight mods to it to
         accomodate relocation, on screen buffering, and my unique
         multi-transfer system. When setting the protocol, the files
         DT4.PROTO-P or DT4.PROTO-X will be loaded from disk. Be  sure
         it is on the current disk! Once you set the protocol, it will
         be used as the default when re-booting, provided you save the
         setup back.




























             Phone Directory Pages. V4.0 uses a variable length phone
         directory. Each page will  reduce the buffer size by 800
         bytes. Each time you change the value here, the buffer will
         be cleared, and reset, thus erasing all previous data,
         including a previous phone directory. Each page contains 20
         numbers. The number of pages range from 0 (no directory) to
         10, which gives a full 200 number phone directory. This cuts
         the buffer down 25%, but still leaves ample room.
             Block Size. This is for the Punter protocol only. Values
         can be from 40 to 255, which is the maximum. This value is
         the number of disk file bytes (+header info) to send for each
         block. Thus smaller block sizes mean more blocks to send.
             Time. Your standard 12 hour Am/Pm clock. When you want to
         change it however, you MUST enter 4 digits only. This will be
         an hour-minute (HHMM) militairy time value. ie., midnight is
         "0000", noon is "1200", 3 pm is "1500", and 9 am is "0900".
             Printer Device #. Values from 4 to 7 are ok.
             Printer Secondary Address. Values from 0 to 99 are ok. 0
         is upper/case graphics, 7 is upper/lower case mode on a CBM
         printer.
             Disk Device #. Upon bootup, it is the device # of the
         drive you loaded the program from. Values from 0 to 99 are
         ok, but not recommended.
             Keyclick & Bell Tone. Since both have the same type of
         input, I'll explain both at the same time.
             The first character is an "E" for enabled, or a "d" for
         disabled. Use lower case "e" or "d" as the first input
         character, The second character is the waveform, either
         T (Triangle), S (Sawtooth) or N (Noise). No Pulse Waveforms
         as I didn't want to deal with pulse width. Use T, S, or N as
         input. The last 3 bytes are the frequency high byte, which
         has a range from 0-255. Example inputs: "ET80", "DN000",
         "ES145", etc.
             Dial Speed Delay. This is the number of MilliSeconds to
         delay between pulses with the 1650 modem when autodialing.
         10 pps would work out to a delay of 1000/10 or 100 Milli-
         Seconds. 20 pps, the default, would be 1000/20, or 50 for a
         delay factor. Ranges can be from 0-999. With the 1670 module,
         a delay of 0 will TONE dial the modem, and any non-zero value
         will pulse dial the modem. If you write your own modem
         module, you will not need this value, or the next 2.
             Carrier Wait Delay. Because of line noise, long distance
         connect delays, etc., the 1650 modem will not look for a
         carrier until after this amount of time has elapsed.
             Hangup Delay. Before the start of each 1650 autodial, the
         modem is put on hook for this amount of time to ensure that
         the phone has been hung up. Both this and the above value can
         range from 0 to 99 seconds.


















             When saving the SETUP file back, the following info will
         be used as the defaults for the term whenever you re-boot:

             -Modem File
             -Function Key File
             -Character Set File
             -Protocol
             -Phone Directory Pages
             -Printer Device & Secondary Address
             -Key Click Status
             -Bell Tone Status
             -Pulse Dial Delay
             -Hangup And Carrier Detect Delays
             -Current Screen Colors
             -Command Mode Status (En/Dis-Abled)
             -ASCII Or Color Mode
             -Upper Case Lock
             -Word Wrap Enable
             -Line Feed Status
             -Number Of Nulls
             -Transmit Delay
             -Baud Rate
             -Stop Bits, Word Length, Parity
             -Buffer Speed Flag
             -Carrier Detect Flag


                              Disk Commands (C= D)
                              --------------------

             Before and after every disk access, the command channel
         is checked for disk errors. The error channel status will be
         displayed at the bottom status line. Enter all commands in
         the normal disk command style:

             n0:file name - soft new
             n0:file name,id - hard new
             s0:file name,file name,etc - scratch
             r0:new name=0:old name - rename
             c0:new file=old file,old file2,etc - copy/concatenate
             i0 - initialize
             v0 - validate
             u; - reset drive

             Use "$" to read the disk directory, SPACE to pause, and
         STOP to abort. $pattern, ie., "$dt4*" will read the directory
         according to dos pattern matching.



















                              File Options (C= F)
                              -------------------

             <R> Read A File.
             <P> Print A File (Ascii Or Normal).
             <E> Edit A File.
             <X> Extract From File.
             <T> Transmit File Over Modem.

             When transmitting a file (or buffer), it will be sent as
         ascii or color (normal) depending on whether you are in color
         terminal mode, or ascii. Transmit follows the delay factor
         like buffer xmit. Use SPACE to pause, and STOP to abort. The
         file will be displayed regardless of duplex, as all
         characters received from the modem will be discarded during
         the transmit.
             Extracting a file involves 2 passes. You will take a
         source file, and scan it on the first pass, to locate the
         line range you want (There is no provision for simultaneous
         extracts). When you have the desired line range, you will
         extract it to the destination file. You may use SPACE to
         pause pass 1 (Scan), and STOP to abort to pass 2. During pass
         2, the source file will be scanned for the range, and then
         written out to disk. I have provided device 8 to 8 and device
         8 to 9 extracts (NOTE: Source device is always 8, no matter
         what the terminal settings say). Using device 8 to 9 gives
         very fast results. You may abort pass 2 with the STOP key.
             When you want to Edit a file, you must load in the edit
         link file (DT4.EDLINK). Once loaded, the text editor will run
         by itself. This editor is very simple, and is not designed
         for professional formatted output; I put it in for the use of
         making pre-written messages to send to BBS's. It is slightly
         different then the version that was in V3.0.
             When reading a file, use SPACE to pause, and STOP to
         abort. When printing a file, use STOP to abort.
         fp
             EditLink Commands
             -----------------

             Use the F7 key to select any of the following functions:

             <A> Append buffer to file.
             <C> Toggle caps lock.
             <D> Disk directory.
             <E> Erase lines from current position.
             <L> Load file to buffer.
             <M> Merge file with buffer.
             <P> Print buffer (sec addr = 7!).
             <S> Save buffer to file.
             <X> Exit back to DarkTerm 4.0.
             <$> Send DOS command.
             <#> Change drive device #.
             <+> Insert Line.
             <-> Delete Line.
             Cursor Up will fast scroll up.











             Cursor Down will fast scroll down.

             You may only work with SEQ files. The buffer capacity is
         680 lines.
             Cursor keys will scroll thru the range of the buffer.
             Insert and DELETE will ONLY work with the current line,
         as does delete. Use a wordpro for better line control. This
         is a 40 column editor.
             Home will move to line 0.
             Clear will move to the last line.
             The current work line is always fixed and highlighted in
         the middle of the screen. The buffer will scroll through this
         line.
             Use F1, F3, and F5 to change the 3 text colors. Use F2
         and F4 for the border and background colors.
             NOTE: the edit link resides at the start of the buffer;
         all data in the buffer will be cleared. Also, any current
         phone directory will be removed.


                           Alter Function Keys (C= K)
                           --------------------------

             Each of the 16 function key strings can be up to 31
         characters + an optional carriage return. enter the key you
         want to change for editing any of them. Use that key (F1-8,
         C= 1-8) when in terminal mode & command mode to send the key
         string. AT commands may be sent in this way. Function key
         strings use the same transmit delay as buffer and file xmit
         do.


                           Load Character Set (C= L)
                           -------------------------

             Any character set may be used, but it must havee a load
         address of 53744 ($E000). I recommend a full, 512 character
         bank, since the CBBS-3 uses both sets simultaneously. If  you
         use "rom" as the file name, you will get the standard ROM
         character bank. You must still set the character set file
         name with C= C if you want to make this set the default.


                              Modem Setting (C= M)
                              --------------------

             You will see the status line change to the modem status
         line:

         B:0300 1:8:N B:C:D:0:050:NONE:--------
            1   2 3 4 5 6 7 8  9   0      A















             1:Baud Rate. 200-600, 1200, or 2400 (NOTE: V 3.0 had a
         1200 baud timing bug that was corrected here).
             2:Stop Bits (1 or 2).
             3:Word Length (5-8).
             4:Parity (None,Odd,Even,Mark,Space).
             5:Buffer Speed Flag (Inversed = full speed). When using
         <R> in the buffer options to review the buffer, the speed at
         which the buffer is displayed is determined by this flag. The
         buffer will be displayed at either full speed, or the speed
         at which the current baud rate is set at. Using "S" during
         the buffer read will toggle this flag as well.
             6:Carrier Detect Flag. When enabled, no file transfers
         will occur without a carrier, and, if a carrier is lost
         during a file transfer, the transfer will be aborted, and you
         will be notified of the loss of carrier.
             7:Duplex. Full duplex is the normal BBS-terminal
         operation mode. When inversed, you will be in half duplex,
         and all data is echoed back to the screen.
             8:Nulls. After each carriage return, a number of nulls
         (Ascii 0) will be sent over the modem to slow down
         transmission to the system you are connected to. Values run
         from none to 9.
             9:Transmit Delay. When sending a buffer, function key, or
         file over the modem, the host may not be able to receive the
         data as fast as you send it. So, you should use a delay
         factor to insert a pause between each character as it is
         sent. If you intend to buffer messages to a CBBS-3, use a
         xmit delay between 50-200, although in some cases, 0 might
         work. This delay time is in MilliSeconds per each character.
             0:Linefeed Status:
               IN:All linefeeds (ascii 10) received will be converted
         to carriage returns.
               OUT:All carriage returns sent will be converted to line
         feeds when they occur. Note that this is not the same as
         adding a line feed after a carriage return.
               BOTH: Both of the above.
               NONE: No line feeds will be checked for
             A:When you go on-hook, or off-hook, the message will be
         displayed here.

             To Change:                Use:
             Baud Rate                 B
             Stop Bits                 S
             Word Length               W
             Parity                    P
             Buffer Speed Rate         R
             Carrier Detect Flag       C
             Duplex                    D
             Nulls                     N
             Transmit Delay            T
             Linefeed Status           L
             Off-Hook (On-Line)        +
             On-Hook (Off-Line)        -













                             Phone Directory (C= P)
                             ----------------------

             V4.0 has a multi-dial, multi-page phone directory. This
         phone directory has the following characteristics:

             -1 to 10 pages, each containing 20 numbers, including a
         20 character description, and an 18 character number string.
             -When loading or saving a phone directory, the file
         format is SEQ, and is a 40 column standard text file. You may
         thus edit this file with any standard text editor, including
         the edit link, if you do not want to use the <E>dit option.
             -When using the phone book, you must make sure that you
         have enough pages allocated for the size directory you will
         want to load in.
             -Up to 32 numbers may be dialed at one time, in the order
         that they are chosen with the (G)et command. After all
         numbers have been dialed once, they will be re-dialed until
         you enter STOP to abort auto-dialing.
             -The 18 character input string is exactly the same as
         that with the C= A command, and will use the same auto dial
         routine.

             Directory Commands:

             P:0 - Current Page #
             S:00 - Total numbers selected for dialing.
             <C> Clear all selected numbers.
             <D> Begin the multi-dial sequence. Note that T:000 is the
         try counter, and N:..... is the current number.
             <E> Edit numbers on current page. Use the cursor up/down
         keys to highlight the # you want to edit, then hit return.
         You will then have to enter a number, and a description. Hit
         return to select more numbers on the current page. Use STOP
         to exit the edit option.
             <G> Get Numbers. Select the numbers you want to dial like
         you did with <E>. Start at the numbers you want to dial
         first, then continue up to 32. If you want to remove a number
         if it is selected, then just hit return at it's position, and
         the number will be removed from the selected list. When a
         number is selected, an asterisk will appear between the
         number and description.
             <L> Load directory file.
             <N> Dial a single number (Same as dialing using C= A).
             (S) Save current directory.
              (+) Increment page.
              (-) Decrement page.



















                           Reset Clock / Timer (C= R)
                           --------------------------

             Very simple, eh?


                            Set Screen Colors (C= S)
                            ------------------------

             This one is simple too, just use the number keys, 1-3.


                          File Transfer Options (C= T)
                          ----------------------------

             <1> Single File Upload.
             <2> Single File Download.
             <3> Multi File Upload.
             <4> Multi File Download.

             NOTE: The multi transfer modes are designed and built
         into the Punter protocol, and will NOT work with Xmodem, so
         remember to change the protocol to Punter when
         multi-transferring.
             The file status line will appear as follows:

             P:FILE NAME:123:SU:B-0000:F-000
             1     2      3   4    5      6

             1:File Type.
             2:File Name.
             3:File Size.
             4:Transfer Mode:
               SU:Single Upload
               SD:Single Download
               MU:Multi Upload
               MD:Multi Download
             5:Blocks Left (Multi Only).
             6:Files Left (Multi Only).

             Use the STOP key to abort any file transfer. Xmodem
         protocol was explained before. The multi-file transfer mode
         is unique, and guaranteed to work error free. It will not
         work with any other term. Source code for the multi-transfer
         method is available on request.





















                              Exit Program (C= X)
                              -------------------

             Very simple too, will exit to BASIC.

                          Command Mode Summary (C= Z)
                          ---------------------------

             Gives a color file of all commands in command mode
         (DT4.HELPME).


             The last few commands are: C= * (Clear the buffer), C= \
         (Pound) (Send ASCII delete (127)), and CTRL ; (Send ESCape).


             The remainder of the docs explain how to create a modem
         module, which will be followed by info on the DarkStar BBS
         Systems-3.















































                             Creating A Modem File
                             ---------------------

             A modem file is a small machine language file that
         handles 4 basic modem communications routines:

             1. Auto-Dial    - $4600
             2. Auto-Answer  - $4603
             3. Off-Hook     - $4606
             4. On Hook      - $4609

             You should use an assembler to create a modem file, and
         you must follow certain guidelines and restrictions when
         making one. I have provided PAL source code for both the 1650
         and 1670 modem files, and I have also supplied an equates
         file of the entire terminal program, to indicate what the
         terminal program uses, and what it doesn't.

             The file may not go past $4A00, therefore, you have up to
         1K of space to create the file. You may access any one of 10
         routines used by DarkTerm, found in a jump table at $0900.
         The 10 routines are:

             $0900 - Print current character in accumulator. This is
         not $FFD2, but the routine that prints to the custom split
         screen thru my screen editor.
             $0903 - Print a line of text. Like above, but will print
         the string past the JSR call. Use .byt 0 to end the string.

             JSR $0903
             .ASC "This is a text string."
             .BYT 0
             more stuff....

             $0906 - Works like $0903, but will print up to 40
         characters to the status line.

             JSR $0906
             .ASC "This appears on row 24"
             .BYT 0
             more stuff....

             $0909 - Hex to decimal conversion routine. Enter with .X
         = lo byte, .Y = hi byte. Exits with DECML (34-39) containing
         the decimal string, in REVERSED order.
             $090C - Milli Second delay timer. Enter with .X  =  milli
         seconds lo byte, .Y = milli seconds hi byte. .A will be lost.
             $090F - Jiffy delay. Enter with .A containing from 1 to
         255 jiffies (1/60 second).

















             $0912 - Screen Input Routine. Enter with .A = # bytes to
         input/clear, .X = row, and .Y = column. Returns with length
         of input in .A, and the data in the input buffer @ 60
         decimal.
             $0915 - Find file routine. Enter with .X/.Y = low/hi byte
         pointers to a file name of length 16, padded with shifted
         spaces. Carry will be cleared if not found, set if found, .A
         = type, .X/.Y = file size.
             $0918 - Hex to decimal 2 byte converter. This converts
         any hex digit from 0 to 99 in .A. Returns with .x as the
         first digit, and .Y as the second digit.
             $091B - Evaluate Integer. Will take a 1 to 5 character
         digit string in the input buffer at 60 dec, and convert it to
         hex. Enter with the input buffer and input length (15 dec)
         set, and call this routine. Returns with carry clear if it
         wouldn't evaluate, carry set if it was ok, .x/.y = lo/hi
         bytes of integer string.

             The modem file must start at $4600, and you must create a
         jump table at $4600, such as:

             *=$4600
             jmp autodial
             jmp answer
             jmp off-hook
             jmp on-hook

             Autodialing. .X and .Y contain the lo/hi byte pointers to
         the 18 character dialing text string. See the source for 1650
         and 1670 codes for how to break it down. You may use the
         upper 60 bytes of the input buffer as zero page use (80-140).
         Return with:

            Carry Clear is STOP key was hit to abort dialing.
            Carry set, AND:
                 Zero flag set (BEQ) if the autodial was successful,
         and a carrier was detected.
                 Zero flag clear (BNE) if the autodial did not give a
         carrier.

             Auto-answer. Exit with carry clear if STOP was hit, or
         carry set if carrier is detected.

             Off-hook, and on-hook, should be done and just use an
         RTS. No special requirements here.

             Please consult the source code for more info. Note that
         you can ignore the pulse delay @ 878/9 dec, the carrier wait
         delay @ 880, and the hangup delay @ 881 dec. I just used it
         in the original code, and it's use is not needed in your own
         routines.















                      Info On DarkTerm 4 / DarkStar BBS-3
                      -----------------------------------

             This terminal program was written and debugged over a 3
         week period. Much of the basic i/o routines were taken from
         V3, but much has been changed. I am sure that all the minor
         irritations I have received about V1/2/3 have been resolved,
         and I suggest you only use this version. I know that the lack
         of easy help menus may affect ease of use, but I needed the
         space, and I found large menus to be real memory gobblers.
             I may add an auto-mode overlay later on, but it will  not
         require any changes to the current program if I do make the
         changes.


             DarkTerm V4.0 Memory Map:
             -------------------------

             $0400-$05FF - Function key storage
             $0600-$07FF - Variable storage
             $0800-$3EE1 - Main code
             $3EE2-$45FF - Punter/Xmodem Protcol Overlay Area
             $4600-$49FF - Modem file overlay area
             $4A00-$4BFF - RS232 Buffers
             $4C00-$CBFF - 32k Buffer
             $4C00-$5E00 - Edit Link Overlay
             $4C00-$XXXX - Phone directory storage
             $4C00-$XXXX - Auto-Mode expansion
             $CC00-$CFFF - Screen memory
             $E000-$EFFF - Custom character storage
             $F000-$F7FF - Screen swapping area
             $F800-$FFFF - Not Used


































                               DarkStar BBS V3.0
                               -----------------

             These are actually 2 BBS programs in 1, a full color BBS
         program, and an ascii BBS. Each are basically identical, and
         offer many features. It is a user definable system, and is
         far too in-depth to explain. This is not the V1 system that
         was released as a prototype, but a new system with many
         features added. If you would like an info sheetmailed to
         you, send a SASE and anything you want to say in a letter  to
         the address below. If you want to order the 2 disk BBS system
         program, then read the classifieds in Oct-Nov-Dec issues of
         Computes! Gazette. Cost: $49.95 US ($69.95 Cdn) to address
         below. Please send any bug problems to me via easyplex on
         Compuserve. My user id# will be next to terminal files I have
         uploaded there.

          A. L. Peters
          August 4, 1986


          DarkStar Systems Software
          113 ValleyWoods Road, Unit 95
          Don Mills, Ontario
          Canada M3A 2R8


             Phone our 24 hour BBS at (416) 445-6788. Log on with the
         name of "DARK STAR", password "DEMO", in color mode.


































 #: 57197      Sub-topic 2 - High Level Utility
Sb: #57171-1520 PLOTTER
    16-Jan-85  17:11:58
Fm: Chrisdos   76703,717
To: JOHN BUNN  75375,261

Funny you should ask that question. YES the 1520 can be modified to device #4.
(I know, I did it.)
Not only can it be set for 4, it can be set for 5 as well, and I assume it
could be set for 7, thow I never tried.
(Why thay had to set to 6 is beyond me !)
It requires a tiny bit of hardware modification, just like the (YUCK) disk
drive. Basicly, it is the same thing, you have to mess with a trace on the PC
board. only this one you have to reconnect.
You must remove the PC board from the 1520 because its on the bottom. (it is
not really that hard, a few screws, just be carfull.)
You will notice the microprocessor chip on the board, it it the BIG one.
Carfully look at the traces going to the chip on the bottom of the board,
(alas, i do not remember the pin mumners)
But you will notice at least 3 pins to the chip next to each other that are
connected together to one trace. However the middle pins trace will have been
scratched through. (Ungrounding that pin)
This makes device 6. If you reco	ect that trace, (all pins grounded) you get
device 4. if you then cut the trace on one side of the middle (i forget which
side) you get device 5 (I have a switch on mine, i can go 4 or 5) I assume the
third trace is device 7. Only one trace should ever be cut at any one time.
Hope this helps.
PS do you know where you can get extra pens for this thing ?
-chrisdos

(UA RE T): Documentation for EA -Part One of Two.

EA is an editor-assembler.  Copyright Lew Lasher 1984.

Overview of editing features:

EA is a video editor for the Commodore 64.  It was designed for
the preparation of text files for programs in assembly language
or in Pascal but is also useful for creating files of textual
data, or for documents.  The main advantages of EA are its
speed, the design of its command format which minimizes the
likelihood of accidental disasters, and its unambiguous,
colorful screen display.  The main disadvantages are the lack of
commands to do complex types of editing and formatting.  

Requirements:

EA only runs on Commodore 64's.  It currently works only with a
single disk drive, but could be extended to use cassette tape or
multiple disk drives.  EA requires a multicolor display for its
unambiguous screen output.  EA occupies approximately 16K RAM. 
The current version uses a 32K text buffer.  EA does not
currently use memory locations CC00 to CCFF (hexadecimal) which
are available for wedges of the user's choice.  EA requires the
KERNAL and I/O to be banked in, but does not use the BASIC ROM. 
EA expects the "screen memory" to start at 0400 (hex).

Theory of operation:

The text being edited is stored in the 32K buffer.  The text
consists of 0 or more "logical lines," each terminated with a
RETURN character.  There is no limitation (other than the size of
the buffer) on the length of a logical line. 

The format of the screen "window" is as follows:  The top 24
lines (40 characters each) display the portion of the buffer
currently being worked on.  The 25th line is used for error
messages and for certain commands requiring arguments.  Within
the top 24 lines, characters representing text from the buffer
have a brown background.  For example, a space character is
represented by a solid brown box.  Those parts of the screen
which do not represent characters from the buffer (the so-called
"white space", to the right of the last character on a line, and
below the last line) appear in solid white.  Ordinarily, printing
characters appear in yellow on the brown background.  However, if
a logical line is longer than the width of the screen, then the
"extra" characters appear in white on the brown background.  A
completely blank line is represented by a solid yellow space in
the left margin.  In this way, the representation of text on the
screen is unambiguous.  In fact, the editor actually "reads" the
screen image periodically in order to update the text buffer. 
There is actually one minor exception to this claimed
"unambiguous display."  If a physical line on the screen consists
of nothing but brown spaces, then it is impossible for the user
to tell if it is a line beginning with lots of spaces, or a
continuation line with lots of spaces. Obviously, this is not a
big problem.  (The editor does not have a problem in reading the
screen, by the way, because internally it recognizes a
distinction between yellow spaces and white spaces, even though
both show up as brown!)

The remaining parts of the display to be explained are the cursor
and the markers.  The cursor is the well-known flasher showing
where the next character will appear. The markers are a pair of
colored "picture frame corners" which delineate the beginning and
end of some portion of text for certain editing commands, most
notably the delete command.  For example, in order to delete a
specific sentence from the buffer, the left (green) marker is set
at the beginning of the sentence, the right (red) marker is set
at the end of the sentence, and the delete (C= D) command is
typed.  The markers remain attached to their respective
characters even when the window is moved beyond those characters.
When the marked characters come back into view, the colored
markers return, too.  In this way, it is possible to delete a
larger section of the buffer than can fit in the window.

The editing commands have been designed to avoid having various
"command modes" where the same character sequence has wildly
different effects depending on the context.  Printing characters
(e.g., letters and spaces, as opposed to RETURN) always appear on
the screen when typed.  The various features of the editor
require the use of the control or the Commodore (C= ) keys, which
would not be used to enter printing characters on the screen. 
While it is true that the same key can have wildly different
effects depending on the shift key used, the commands are
organized to minimize the possibility of mistake.  All the
commands using the control key are used to move the cursor and/or
the window.  All the commands which do anything other than move
the cursor and/or window use the C= key.  For example, typing "d"
always will result in a "d" appearing on the screen.  Using the
SHIFT key will always make a capital "D" appear.  Using the
control key, typing "d" will move the window "down", and using
the C= key, typing d will delete a portion of text from the
buffer.

There are only two aspects of EA which can be said to involve
separate "type-in modes."  First, for those commands requiring
string arguments (e.g., the search command and the write
command), printing characters appear on the bottom line of the
screen, instead of in the window.  To minimize the possibility of
accidents, string arguments are terminated not with the RETURN
key, but with the "F1" function key, which is, conversely, of no
effect when text is being entered in the window in "normal mode."
The second aspect of EA involving "type-in modes" is the use of
the RETURN key.  When the cursor is not on the last line of the
buffer, hitting the RETURN key will either insert a new line into
the buffer or move the cursor to the beginning of the next
existing line (see below).

Operating instructions:

The EA program can be loaded as follows:

    load "ea",8
    run

EA can be copied to another floppy disk by using the save
command as for BASIC prgrams.

To leave EA and return to BASIC first hold down the Commodore
(C= ) key and hit the "X" key.  The message "Confirm (y/n)" will
appear on the bottom line of the screen.  Then stop holding down
the Commodore (C= ) key, type Y, and then press the F1 function
key.  You can return to EA with the text buffer intact by typing:

        run 9

For example, you can exit EA, delete or rename files (using the
standard wedge program) and then resume editing.

Normal type-in of text:

Upon entering EA, and at almost all instances when in EA, typing
a printing character will cause that character to appear on the
screen where the cursor was.  If the cursor had been for some
reason far to the right into "white space," the line is
automatically filled with spaces from the left margin until the
location where the cursor was.  However, if the cursor was more
than one line below the last text line on the screen, the editor
does not create the needed blank lines to connect the "island" of
text with the "mainland."  If the cursor was on top of
non-white-space, the newly-typed character replaces the previous
text.  If you keep typing past the end of an existing line, and
go on typing even after you reach the right margin of the screen,
then subsequent text will be a continuation line appearing in
white on the brown background.  During normal type-in, hitting
the RETURN key will move the cursor (and if necessary, the
window) to the start of the next logical line.  If the cursor is
already at the end of the buffer, then the RETURN key will add a
blank line at the end of the buffer.  In order to insert several
lines of text in between existing lines, EA has an "insert
mode."  In insert mode, hitting RETURN always creates a new
blank line, even if the cursor is not at the end of the buffer. 
To enter insert mode, hold down the Commodore (C= ) key and hit
+.  The message "Now in insert mode" should appear on the bottom
line of the screen.  After you are done creating new lines, you
can return to regular mode by hitting C= + again.  The only
difference between "insert mode" and "regular mode" is the
effect of hitting the RETURN key.  The RETURN key works even if
you are holding down the SHIFT, control, or C= keys.

Cursor motion commands:

The standard Commodore up, down, left, and right commands all
work in EA.  You can move left and right within a logical line,
even if the logical line contains several continuation lines. 
However, you cannot move to the left of the first character in a
logical line.  Also you cannot move past the right margin on the
last physical line of a logical line.  You can move up and down
regardless of logical lines.  If the cursor is already on the top
line of the screen, moving "up" will move the window "up" one
screen line.  Similarly, when the cursor is on the bottom line of
the screen, hitting the "cursor down" key will move the window
down one screen line.

The HOME key moves the cursor to the top left corner of the
screen, even if you are holding down the SHIFT, control, or C=
key.  The DEL key deletes the character to the left of the
cursor within a logical line.

For faster vertical motion, it is possible to move up or down 3,
6, 12, or 24 lines at a time.  The commands are as follows:

               24     12      6      3      1

    UP      ctrl-u ctrl-i ctrl-o ctrl-p ctrl-@

    DOWN    ctrl-j ctrl-k ctrl-l ctrl-: ctrl-;

If moving up 12 lines would take the cursor off the screen, the
window is moved as necessary.  Actually, ctrl-u and ctrl-j do NOT
move the CURSOR up or down 24 lines, but just change the window,
and leave the cursor at the top line. Ctrl-u stands for "up", by
the way.  Ctrl-d is equivalent to ctrl-j and stands for "down." 
The other commands were chosen for the position on the keyboard
and don't stand for anything.

For faster horizontal motion, there are 11 fixed tab-stops, 4
spaces apart.  Control-Q moves to the left margin, control-1
moves to the 4th position on the line, control-2 moves to the
8th position, etc., and control-0 moves to the right margin. 
Control-y moves to the beginning of the LOGICAL line and
control-h moves to the last character of the LOGICAL line,
moving the window if necessary.

Control-^ moves to the beginning of the logical line before the
current logical line.

Control-t moves to the beginning ("top") of the buffer.  
Control-b moves to the end ("bottom") of the buffer.

If the markers have been set, control-a moves to the left (green)
marker, and control-z moves to the right (red) marker.

Control-n moves to a specified numbered (logical) line.  This
command requires an argument to specify the number.  The prompt
("Line number:") and the user's response appear on the bottom
line of the screen.  After typing in the (decimal) number, hit
the "F1" function key.  Valid line numbers are from 1 to 65535,
inclusive.  Moving to line 0 is the same as moving to line 1.
Moving to a line number greater than the number of logical lines
in the buffer is the same as moving to the end of the buffer.  If
you hit F1 without having typed a line number, the bottom line of
the screen will display the current line number, the total number
of lines in the file, and the total number of bytes in the file.

Control-s and control-_ move the cursor (and if necessary, the
window) to the beginning of a specified search string. The prompt
("Search for what:") and the user's response will appear on the
bottom line of the screen.  After typing the search string, hit
the "F1" function key.  The difference between control-s and
control-_ is that control-s searches for the next occurrence
(from left to right, and down towards the end of the buffer),
whereas control-_ searches for the previous occurrence (from
right to left, and up towards the beginning of the buffer).  To
search repeatedly for the same search string, it is not
necessary to retype the search string each time.  Instead, just
hit the "F3" function key followed by the "F1" function key. 
The search commands are also used in conjunction with the C= C
command (see below) to do "search and replace." 

The control-w command moves the cursor (and, if necessary, the
window) to the beginning of the next "word."  A "word" is a
bunch of consecutive characters none of which is a space or
a carriage-return.

Non-motion commands:

C= X is the command to get out of EA.  To avoid accidents, it is
necessary to confirm that you really want to exit by typing "y"
and the F1 key (In most cases, you can type F3 followed by F1. 
See below under "String arguments").  If you should accidentally
exit EA, type run 9 to re-enter EA.

C= W is the command to write the buffer into a disk file.  The
prompt "Write to what file?" appears on the bottom line, at which
point you type in the filename and hit F1.  (See below under
"String arguments.")  Currently, all files are written to device
8, but this can be made variable in future versions.

C= R is the command to read a file into the buffer.  As with C= W
you type the name of the file and then hit F1.  The C= R command
leaves the previous contents of the buffer intact, but inserts
the newly-read file before where the cursor used to be. The
cursor is then moved to the beginning of the newly-inserted text.
This command is useful to combine files and to move text from
one part of the buffer to another.  (See the C= M command.) If
you want to end editing one file and begin editing another file,
you must use the C= Z command to avoid combining the two files.

C= Z erases the buffer.  It is usually used after writing out the
buffer into one file, in order to begin work on another file.  To
avoid disasters, this command requires confirmation as for C= X. 
Type "y" and F1 (or, in most cases, F3 followed by F1.  See
"String Arguments" below.)

C= O is used to "open up" a line between two existing lines, or
to split a line into two lines.  More precisely, C= O inserts a
carriage-return before the location where the cursor is.

C= I is used to insert text in between existing characters on the
same line.  The prompt "Insert what?" appears on the bottom line,
at which point you type in the text to be inserted, and follow it
with F1.

C= \ deletes the line on which the cursor is.

C= C is the replace command.  (It stands for "change.")  The C= C
command can only be typed immediately after a successful search
(control-s or control-_) command.  The prompt "Change to:"
appears at the bottom of the screen, at which point you type the
new text and then F1.  It is not currently possible to use a null
string as the string argument to C= C.  The reason is to allow a
way out in case the C= C was accidental.  However, this may be
more protective than necessary, and may be changed to allow for
"search and delete."

C= V displays the version number and date.

Setting and using markers:

The F5 and F7 keys are used to set the left (green) and right
(red) markers to the current cursor position.  These markers are
used for the C= D (delete), C= J (join), C= M (write portion of
buffer), C= F (format text), and C= P (send text to printer)
commands.  In addition, control-a will move the cursor to the
left (green) marker, and control-z will move the cursor to the
right (red) marker.  Note that the markers are really associated
with characters in the buffer, not with locations on the screen. 
If the buffer is empty, the markers are of no use.  If a marker
is set when the cursor is to the right of or below the text
(i.e., in "white space") then the marker will be associated with
the carriage-return character terminating the logical line.  
Unfortunately, if a line ends at the right margin, then there is
no "white space" to represent the carriage-return character. 
There is no problem at all for the join and format commands. 
There is a real problem for the C= M command, though, for which
there is currently no solution.

You can set the left marker first and then the right marker, or
set the right marker and then set the left marker.  You can
change the position of a marker after it has already been set.
The only restriction is that, when you actually use a command
which relies on the markers, both markers must have been set, the
right marker cannot be set to the left of or above the left
marker, and at least one of the markers must be visible in the
window.  You can temporarily make the markers invisible by the F8
(shift F7) function key.  This is useful in case you can't see
and don't remember what is underneath the marker.  The marker(s)
become visible again any time that the screen is re-drawn.  The
F6 (shift F5) function key does nothing but re-draw the screen,
and is obviously used immediately following the F8 command.  It
is useful to know that the Commodore (C=) shift key can be used
to get the shifted function keys.  For example, you can hold down
the Commodore key, hit F7 (to get F8) to make the markers
temporarily invisible, hit F5 (to get F6) to make the markers
visible again, and then hit "d", to delete the text between the
markers.  To erase the markers so they won't automatically come
back on, hit the F4 (shift F3) function key.

C= D deletes the text between the markers.  The cursor is then
moved to the first character after the deleted text, and the
markers are turned off.  The delete command asks for
confirmation if the number of characters deleted would be more
than 11K.  If 11K or fewer characters are deleted, the deleted
characters are saved in a buffer so that they can be retrieved
with the C= U command.

The C= U command inserts before the cursor the text deleted by
the most recent deletion command (C= D or C= \) which deleted
11K or fewer characters.  The saved text can be inserted more
than once.  This allows the C= U command to be used to move or
copy text to different parts of a file.  To move or copy more
than that, use the C= M command.  Note that the C= Z command
and the C= A command reset the undelete buffer.

C= J joins the text between the markers into one big logical
line.   The cursor is then moved to the place where the left
marker was, and the markers are turned off.

C= M writes the text between the markers into a file.  This is
useful to split a file into several smaller files, and to move
text from one part of the buffer to another (using the C= R
command to read the text in at the new location).  The markers
are left on following the C= M command, to allow for the usual
subsequent C= D command.  It is a good idea to wait until the C=
M command has definitely finished before deleting the text, to
make sure there has been no error writing the text to the disk. 
In fact, to be super-conservative, you can wait until after you
have read in the file at the new location in the buffer, type
control-a to come back to the marker, and then hit the C= D to
delete the old text.

C= F does some low-key "formatting" of the text between the
markers.  It attempts to create logical lines of as many
characters as possible up to the number you designate (hit the
F1 key after the line width).  The formatting works only by
changing spaces into carriage-returns and vica versa. 
Therefore, each paragraph must be formatted individually.

C= P prints the text between the markers to device 4 on the
serial bus, which is ordinarily a printer.  In the standard
version of EA, the printer is given a "secondary address" of 8. 
The \ character is converted to ASCII 25.  However, these
parameters can be changed (See below, "Modifications"). 
Printout can be aborted by hitting the RUN/STOP key.

String arguments:

Several commands require string arguments, for various reasons:
C= R, C= W, C= M (filename), control-n (line number), C= I (text
to be inserted), C= C (replacement text), control-s, control-_
(search text), and C= F (line width).  In addition, C= X, C= Z,
and sometimes C= D require confirmation (y/n) which are input as
string arguments.  The same conventions apply to all of these
commands.  The only editing you can do on the string argument is
to delete the last character of the string (using the F5
function key or DEL key) or delete the entire argument (with the
F7 function key).  Note that the F5 and F7 keys set the markers
if you are not on the bottom line of the screen.  The most
interesting thing you can do when you have to type a string
argument is to hit the F3 function key.  This brings back the
string argument that was most recently used for the same
purpose.  For example, if you have searched for something and
would like to find the next occurrence, you type control-s, then
F3, then F1.  The same trick works if you want to search
"backwards," because both the control-s and control-_ commands
share the same string argument for the purposes of the F3
function key.  Similarly, the C= R, C= W, and C= M commands all
share the same "previous filename."  This works well for the
usual case of reading in a file, making changes, and writing out
updated versions.  You have to be a little careful that you
don't automatically type F3 whenever a string argument is called
for.  For example, if you write a temporary file using C= M,
it's all well and good to use the name of the temporary file
when you are reading back the segment of text back into the
buffer, but you should make sure to use the "real" filename when
you use C= W.  There is something of a similar problem with the
confirmation situations.  Hitting F3 followed by F1 will repeat
the previous response, which is usually but not always "Y".  (In
fact, the "previous response" for this situation is initialized
to be "y".)  In the rare situations when you accidentally hit C=
X, you should take care not to hit F3 out of habit.

The C= Z command, by the way, resets the "previous filename" to
be a null string, so that you do not accidentally create two
files with the same name.

Known bugs:

1. The message "not enough room in buffer" sometimes appears when
there are actually as many as 42 unused bytes in the buffer. 
However, this bug does not occur with the C= I, C= O, or C= C
commands.

2. After a disk I/O error, the editor sometimes reads bogus
characters on the next reading from a file.  To be safe, attempt
to read in from a non-existent file.  If bogus characters appear
in the buffer, you can readily dispose of them.

Modifications:

You can create your own version of EA by loading in EA, using
the BASIC POKE command, and saving the modified version back to
disk.  The locations to POKE are the following:

  Location  Default Description

    2077        8   Device number for disk
    2078        4   Device number for printer
    2079        8   Secondary address for printer

    2080        9   Background color
    2081       15   Border color
    2082        7   Color for characters on first line
    2083        1   Color for characters on continuation lines
                    Note: this must be different from the color
                    used for the first line
    2084        7   Color for prompt messages
    2085        3   Color for space reserved for string argument
    2086        7   Color for string argument
    2087       13   Color for left marker
    2088       13   Color for right marker
    2089       10   Color for error messages

    2090       92   Character to be changed on output to printer
    2091       25   Character to be sent to printer instead

Summary of commands:

C= X    Exit
        Re-enter with:   run 9
C= Z    Erase text buffer (and the undelete buffer)
C= W    Write text buffer to disk file
C= R    Read disk file, and insert into text buffer
C= M    Write text between markers to disk file
C= P    Write text between markers to printer
C= +    Enter or leave "insert mode"
C= I    Insert text before cursor within a logical line
C= O    Insert a RETURN character before the cursor
C= C    Replace text just found (with control-s or control-_)
C= D    Delete text between markers
C= \    Delete logical line on which cursor is
C= U    Insert before cursor text deleted by C= D or C= \
C= J    Join text between markers into one logical line
C= F    Format text with specified line width

F5 function key - Set "left" marker
F7 function key - Set "right" marker
F8 function key - Temporarily erase markers
F6 function key - Make markers re-appear
F4 function key - Really erase markers

HOME or CLR  Move to top left corner of screen
DEL     Delete character to left of cursor on logical line

Cursor-up       (or control-@)
Cursor-down     (or control-;)
Cursor-left     (only within logical line)
Cursor-right    (only within logical line)

Control-U       Move window up 24 lines
Control-D       Move window down 24 lines
                Control-J is equivalent to Control-D
Control-I       Move cursor up 12 lines
Control-K       Move cursor down 12 lines
Control-O       Move cursor up 6 lines
Control-L       Move cursor down 6 lines
Control-P       Move cursor up 3 lines
Control-:       Move cursor down 3 lines

Control-Q       Move cursor to left margin
Control-0       Move cursor to right margin
Control-1       Move cursor to 4th position on line
Control-2       Move cursor to 8th position on line
   (etc.)
Control-9       Move cursor to 36th position on line

Control-^       Move cursor to beginning of logical line before
                current line
RETURN          Move cursor to beginning of logical line after
                current line
                If "insert mode" is in effect (with C= +), a new
                logical line is inserted
SHIFT-RETURN, C= RETURN, and Control-RETURN - same as RETURN

Control-n       Moves to specified numbered logical line

Control-s       Search forwards
Control-_       Search backwards

Control-w       Move to beginning of next word

When entering string arguments:
F1 function key - execute command
F3 function key - retrieve previous argument to the command
F5 function key - delete last character of string argument
F7 function key - delete all characters from string argument

For more information, call Lew Lasher at (617) 547-0340. 
Documentation for EA - Part Two of Two.

EA is an editor-assembler.  Copyright 1984 by Lew Lasher.

Overview of assembler features:

EA is an assembler for the Commodore 64.  An assembler is a
program used to translate machine language programs from
person-readable form (the source program) to a machine-usable
form (the object program).  The assembler allows you to write,
maintain, and modify a large, complicated machine language
program.

Operation:

EA requires the source file to be put in one or more text files
on a floppy disk.  After you have created the source files, and
written them to disk (using the C= W command), you can run the 
assembler by typing C= A.

EA asks you for the name of the source file.  If you type
"blurfo" for the name, EA first looks for a file named "blurfo".
If it cannot find "blurfo", then it looks for "blurfo.a".  If
it cannot find either one, it prints an error message and returns to the editor.
If it finds either one, it creates an object file called
"blurfo.o".  The filename you type must not be longer than 14
characters, to make room for the extension ".o".

Then EA asks you if you want to make a list file.  You should
type "y" or "n".  The list file, which in the current example
would be named "blurfo.l", lists the numeric value of every byte
in the object file, alongside the address at which the byte will
be loaded and the source line corresponding to that byte.  List
files are useful in debugging programs.

All these files must be on a disk drive with device number 8
and, if a dual drive, drive number 0.

After optionally creating the list file, EA begins the first
pass.  Unless there is an error on the disk drive, you will not
see anything on the screen during the first pass.  No output is
written to either the object file or the optional list file
during the first pass.  The only purpose of the first pass is to
figure out the addresses where the program will be located, and
thereby assign numeric values to each label and symbol in your
program (See below for more about symbols and labels).

After the first pass is completed, EA prints the message
"Beginning 2nd pass" and does just that.  During the 2nd pass,
you should see on the screen a listing of your source program,
but with various numbers over in the left margin, and various
error messages preceding the erroneous source lines.  If you
chose to make a list file, the text you see on the screen will
be the text you get in the list file.  Meanwhile the object
program is being written to the object file.

Finally you will see the message "Errors detected: 0" which
indicates that EA did not detect any of the errors in your
program.  Note that any errors that EA detects are, in a sense,
"mere warnings", in that (except for I/O errors), you still are
given an object file which can be loaded and run.

At any point in either the first or second pass, you may cut off
the assembly by hitting the RUN/STOP key.  You should delete the
incomplete object and list files which will have been created.

After EA exits, you can load and run the object file by typing:

        load "blurfo.o",8,1
        sys n

where n is the address of the start of your program.

Miscellaneous specifications:

EA will not work with disk drives other than a Commodore 1541 or
an MSD SD-2.  If changes are made to the ROM's in these models,
it may not even work with them.

Differences from other assemblers:

There are numerous differencs between EA and other assemblers
for the C-64.  Many of these are "added features" of EA which
will not interfere with the assembly of programs written for
another assembler.  The following are the major differences
which must be taken into account to modify a program written for
another assembler:

1.  Every label must be followed by a colon (":").

2.  The directive * = n is not supported.  In other assemblers,
this directive is used primarily for two purposes.  The first
purpose is to establish the address for the first byte in the
object program.  For that purpose, replace:

        * = 2049

with:

        .origin 2049

The second common purpose is to allocate an area of memory
without specifing the contents of that memory.  For that
purpose, replace:

        * = * + 1

with:

        .blkb 1

3.  Commodore's assembler has a directive called ".byt" with can
be used to generate both numeric and text data.  In EA, this
directive is called ".byte", and only generates numeric data,
while the .ascii directive generates text data.  Therefore,
replace:

        .byt 15, 'Text string', 0

with:

        .byte 15
        .ascii 'Text string'
        .byte 0

4.  EA lacks the macro directives, conditional assembly
directives, and other specialized directives found in other
assemblers.

5.  EA does not require or allow the ".end" directive which many
assemblers require at the end of a source file.  Actually, EA
ignores the .end as an unrecognized directive, but you should
delete the .end to avoid the error mesage.

Format of source file:

The source file should be a sequential file, with each line
terminated by a RETURN characater.  Lines are limited to 255
characters, not including the RETURN character.  Blank lines are
legal, and spaces can be put in liberally to improve readability
(exceptions: spaces may not be put in the middle of a numeral or
an identifier).  Upper and lower case letters are treated
identically except in .ascii or .asciz directives and in
character literals.  A semicolon (";") is used to indicate the
beginning of a comment.  All text after the semicolon, and the
semicolon itself, is ignored (exceptions: text strings in .ascii
and .asciz directives and character literals).

A valid line can be any of the following:

1.  A blank line.

2.  A symbol definition, e.g.:

        cursordown = 17

3.  An instruction for the 6510 microprocesor, e.g.:

        lda # 0

4.  An assembler directive, e.g.:

        .byte 5

5.  Any of the above (1-4) preceded by one or more labels, e.g.:

        start: startloop: lda # 0
        length: .byte 0
        blankline: ; comment

Blank lines:

Blank lines are useful for the following purposes:  to make the
source or list file more readable, to hold a label, and to hold
comments.  I apologize to people who would not consider a line
having a label and/or a comment to be a "blank line".

Symbol definitions:

A symbol definition is used to define a name to represent a
numeric value.  One use of symbols is to refer to addresses not
located within the object file, for example, KERNAL routines,
page zero, the special addresses used by the video, sound, and
I/O chips, and vectors:

        chrout = 65490
        current.key = 197
        color.memory = $D800
        ADSR1  = 54277
        cia1.data.port.A = $dc00
        irq.vector = 788

Symbols can be used for various constants in your program, to
make the program easier to understand and to modify, e.g.:

        space.char = 32
        disk.devicenum = 8
        pointer = 251

Sometimes you may use a symbol to refer to a memory location
within the object file.  In general, labels are preferred over
symbols for this purpose.  However, note that the following are
very similar in effect:

        location:       ; label
        location = *    ; symbol

The difference is that a symbol can be redefined many times
within the program without error, while a label is supposed to
refer to only one location.  The one instance in which it makes
sense to use a symbol is to mark the beginning of a loop:

        loop = *
            ; body of loop
            dex
            bne loop

Since the assembler uses the most recently-assigned value of the
symbol, this pattern can be used for many loops, without having
to think of distinct names for the start of each loop.  But note
that this pattern will fail miserably for a forward branch, or
for a loop within a loop.

Because the first pass of the assembler is devoted to defining
labels and symbols, you can refer to a symbol or label that is
defined later in the source file.  This is called a "forward
reference".  More precisely, you are allowed one level of
forward reference.  For example:

        a = b + 40
        b = 1024

is legal, but:

        a = b
        b = c
        c = 100

is not legal.  You should not, however, use even a single-level
forward reference in a .blkb or .blkw directive.  (These
directives are described below).  The assembler uses these
directives in the first pass to figure out how much memory to
allocate.  If a symbol used in a .blkb or .blkw directive is
undefined on the first pass, then all subsequent labels will be
defined incorrectly.  Symbols that refer to page zero should be
defined before they are used.  Since instructions referring to
page zero usually take 2 bytes, as opposed to 3 bytes for
addresses on any other page, the assembler needs to know during
the first pass whether an instruction refers to page zero or
not.  If the address is specified by an undefined symbol, the
assembler assumes that the address is NOT on page zero.  If this
assumption proves incorrect, all subsequently-defined labels
will be defined incorrectly.  Therefore, all symbols referring
to page zero MUST be defined before the instructions that refer
to the symbols.

Since it is an error to redefine a label, it is also an error to
define a symbol with the same name as a label.

Identifiers:

An "identifier" is the name used for a symbol or label.  An
identifier must start with a letter, and can have letters,
numeric digits, or periods for subsequent characters.  The
length of an identifier is not limited other than by the maximum
length (255 characters) of a source line.  Upper and lower case
letters are treated identically in identifiers.  The names A, X,
and Y should not be used, even though legal, because other
assemblers forbid their use.  This assembler allows their use,
except that a lone A as an operand to a 6510 instruction will be
confused for a reference to the 6510's accumulater.

Examples of legal identifiers:     and illegal identifiers:

            Q                       8
            A3333333                3AAAAAAA
            a.b.c                   .a.b.c

Machine instructions:

(After all, the whole point of an assembler is to let you enter
machine instructions.)  EA recognizes the standard 56
instruction mnemonics, which you may type in either upper or
lower case.  EA uses the standard punctuation for the various
addressing modes:

        clc         ; implied
        adc # 1     ; immediate
        asl A       ; accumulator
        ldx Z       ; zero page
        ora Z,X     ; zero page, X
        and Z,Y     ; zero page, Y
        cpx E       ; absolute
        ldy E,X     ; absolute, X
        ldx E,Y     ; absolute, Y
        beq E       ; relative
        eor (Z,X)   ; (indirect,X)
        sbc (Z),Y   ; (indirect),Y
        jmp (Z)     ; absolute indirect

where Z is an expression whose value is between 0-255, and E is
an expression whose value is not necessarily between 0-255. 
(The exact definition of an "expression" will be given later.) 
Note that it is often not the punctuation, but the value of the
expression, which distinguishes certain addressing modes.

You may, but need not, put in spaces before or after a "(", ")",
",", or "#".  You must put in a space after the name of the
instruction if the operand starts with a letter.

Expressions:

An expression is a bunch of text that represents a numeric
value.  The following are legal expressions:

1.  A decimal numeral (0 to 65535):

        1024

2.  A hexadecimal numeral, preceded by a dollar sign:

        $ff
        $DC00

3.  A binary numeral, preceded by a percent sign:

        %10000001

4.  A character literal, preceded by an apostrophe:

        'A

5.  An identifier:

        loop
        color.memory
        disk.devicenum

    The numeric value of an identifier is given by its most
    recent definition as a symbol or as a label.

6.  The "location counter", either a period or asterisk:

        .
        *

    The numeric value of the location counter is the address in
    the object program corresponding to the beginning of the
    current source line.

7.  An expression preceded by a "unary operator":

        < E         ; low-order byte of E
        > E         ; high-order byte of E
        - E         ; negative E (two's complement)
        ? E         ; logical (one's) complement of E

8.  An expression followed by a "binary operator" followed by a
second expression:

        E1 + E2     ; addition
        E1 - E2     ; subtraction
        E1 * E2     ; multiplication
        E1 / E2     ; integer division
        E1 % E2     ; modulo (remainder after integer division)
        E1 & E2     ; logical AND
        E1 ! E2     ; logical OR
        E1 ^ E2     ; arithmetic shift
                    ; left shift if E2 is positive
                    ; right shift if E2 is negative

If more than one operator is used in the same expression, they
are done in the following order: ? - (negative) * % / -
(subtraction) + & ! ^ < >.  If the same operator appears twice,
evaluation is from right to left.  You can override the normal
order of evaluation by using brackets ("[" and "]") as
parentheses.

Note, however, that all these arithmetic operations may be done
only on constant expressions.  That is, you cannot use the above
operators to add the contents of various memory locations.  The
usefulness of elaborate assembler expressions is primarily to
define one symbol in terms of another, so that if you change one
symbol, various other symbols are automatically redefined.

Assembler directives:

The assembler directives perform various miscellaneous functions:

.byte
.byte Z
.byte Z1, Z2, ... , Z3

    The .byte directive allocates one or more bytes in the
    object file.  If an expression is given, the expression is
    put in as the initial value of the byte.  If more than one
    expression is given, separated by commas, than a byte is
    allocated for each expression.  If no expression is given, a
    single byte is allocated with an initial value of zero.  Only
    the low-order byte of the expression is used.

.word
.word E
.word E1, E2, ... , E3

    The .word directive is very similar to the .byte directive,
    but two bytes are allocated for each expression, the first
    for the low-order byte and the second for the high-order
    byte.  If no expression is given, then two bytes are
    allocated, both initialized to zero.

    Note that

            .word E

    is exactly equivalent to:

            .byte < E, > E

.blkb
.blkb E

    The .blkb directive is used to allocate memory in the object
    program without specifying the initial values.  If an
    expression is given, that number of bytes is allocated.  If
    no expression is given, 1 byte is allocated.  But if the
    value of the expression is zero, no bytes are allocated.  If
    the expression is negative or greater than 32767, an error
    message is generated and no bytes are allocated.

.blkw
.blkw E

    The .blkw directive is similar to the .blkb directive,
    except that the number of bytes to be allocated is
    multiplied by two.

.ascii "Text string"

    The .ascii directive is used to allocate memory in the
    object program for a text string.  One byte is allocated for
    each character in the text string, and each byte is
    initialized with the character code (not the code for screen
    memory) for the character from the source line.  The text
    string can be delimited by any character not found within
    the text string, with the exception that a semicolon (";"),
    a space, or a RETURN character may not be used as the
    delimiter.  Note that the character codes are not true ASCII
    but the Commodore variant, sometimes called PETSCII.

.asciz /Text string/

    The .asciz directive is similar to the .ascii directive,
    except that a zero byte is allocated after the text string.

.origin E

    The .origin directive is used at the beginning of the source
    file to specify the address to be used for the first byte in
    the object file.  In fact, the .origin directive need not be
    literally on the first line of the source file, but it must
    come before any source lines that allocate memory in the
    object file.  If you do not include a .origin directive, the
    default origin is 49152 ($C000 hexadecimal).

.print E text

    The .print directive is used to print messages on the
    terminal and into the optional list file.  The expression
    following the .print is evaluated.  The numeric value of
    that expression is printed, in decimal, to the screen and
    into the optional list file, followed by any other text on
    the source line.  The main use of the .print directive is to
    produce a memory map rather than a full listing of every
    line of the program.  The output from the .print directive
    is performed even if the .nolist directive is in effect. 

    Examples:

            .print subroutine subroutine
            subroutine: 
                ...
                ...
                rts

            .print * - subroutine, length of subroutine

            .print * End of file
            .print * - start, Size of file

.nolist

    The .nolist directive turns off the listing of every source
    line to the screen and to the optional list file.  The
    output of the .print directive is still performed, however.

.list

    The .list directive turns back on the listing of every
    source line, after a previous .nolist directive.  In this
    way, you can make a list file of only those particular
    routines which you are interested in debugging.

.include identifier

    The .include directive is used to incorporate another source
    file as though it had been merged with the principal source
    file.  This allows you to have a library of common
    subroutines without having to make a separate copy of the
    subroutines in each program in which you use them.  It is
    also useful to make several, slightly different versions of
    the same program.  It is also useful to divide up a large
    program for more convenient editing.  It is also useful for
    incorporating a list of common symbol definitions, such as
    the addresses of the KERNAL routines.  The assembler first
    looks for a file whose name is given by the identifier
    (converted to lower case).  If that file cannot be found, it
    adds ".a" to the filename and looks for that name.  After
    the assembler has finished processing the included source
    file, it returns to the principal source file and continues
    from the line following the .include directive.  The
    included file can include a "third-level" source file, but
    there is a maximum of four levels of inclusion.

Error messages:

File name may be 1 to 14 chars long

    If, when the assembler initially asks for the name of the
    source file, you hit the RETURN key with no name, or give a
    name longer than 14 characters, you get this message.

Couldn't create object file:
Couldn't create list file:
Error reading source file:
Error writing to list file:
Error writing to list file:
Error closing object file:
Error closing list file:
Error re-reading source file

    Also prints the error message given by the disk drive

Couldn't open control or random channel

    May indicate that you ran EA while file channels were still
    opened from another program.

Line too long

    Source line longer than 255 characters.

Assembly terminated by STOP key

Unrecognized statement

    The first non-blank character in the source line was neither
    a letter nor a period.  May indicate that the source line
    contains a non-printing character.

Unrecognized opcode

    May indicate a misspelled opcode, or the accidental omission
    of the colon after a label or of the = following a symbol
    definition.

Extra input ignored

    May indicate the omission of the semicolon preceding a
    comment.  May also indicate the omission of an operator from
    an expression.

No character after '

    Indicates that an apostrophe was the last character in the
    source line.

Malformed expression

Warning - extra [

Warning - extra ]

Warning - arithmetic overflow

    Indicates an arithmetic operation whose result required more
    than 16 bits.

Warning - division by zero

Internal assembler error

    This message indicates that the assembler was not able to
    evaluate an expression properly.

Second argument to ^ must be -15 to 15

Undefined symbol: identifier

Symbol table full

    Indicates that the assembler was not able to create a label
    or symbol because of insufficient available memory.

Warning - redefining label:

    This may indicate that the source file has two different
    labels with the same name, or a symbol and a label with the
    same name.  It also may indicate a duplicate name from an
    include file.  If, however, you get this error message for
    every label in the source file, it means that the value of
    the labels changed from the first pass to the second pass. 
    This, in turn, usually means that a symbol was used in a
    .blkb or .blkw directive before it was defined, or that a
    symbol referring to page zero was used before it was
    defined.

Unrecognized addressing mode

Improper addressing mode for opcode

    Not all the possible addressing modes can be used for any
    particular opcode.  See the C-64 Programmer's Reference
    Manual, or any other book about the 6502, for a description
    of the permissible addressing modes for each opcode.

Expression truncated

    An expression used with an opcode in immediate mode or used
    in a .byte directive was not within the range -256 to 255.

Branch out of range

    The various branch instructions for the 6510 may only be
    used to branch to a location less than 254 bytes before the
    branch instruction or less than 253 bytes after the branch
    instruction.  This error message is also often given if the
    expression specifying the address uses an undefined
    identifier.

Unrecognized directive

    A source line began with a period, but was not one of the
    assembler directives described above.

Warning - extra comma

    A .byte or .word directive had a trailing comma after the
    last expression.

Warning - comma inserted

    A .byte or .word directive had two expressions not separated
    by a comma.

Argument must be positive

    The argument to .blkb or to .blkw was negative, or greater
    than 32767.

Missing string

    An .ascii or .asciz directive did not have a text string, or
    used a semicolon as the delimiter.

Unterminated string

    An .ascii or .asciz directive was followed by a text string
    which was not followed by the delimiter character preceding
    the text string.

Origin can only be set once at start

    The source file contained two .origin directives, or
    contained an .origin directive after a source line which
    allocated memory.  May indicate that an include file had an
    .origin directive.

Filename must start with a letter

    A .include directive was not followed by an identifier.

Already at maximum depth of includes

    Only four levels of source files are allowed.

Couldn't open include file:

    Prints the error message from the disk drive

File number not opened
File number out of range
File number already in use
Directory not updated

    These messages indicate internal errors in the file-handling
    routines used by the assembler.

For more information, call Lew Lasher at (617) 547-0340
*nb"ES commands"
*lm5:rm75
*pl58:tl55
*vp3
*cn1;ES COMMANDS*cn0
*ln2
F1=WILL TURN THE COMMAND MODE ON AND OFF
F1/CONTROL 3=POMP AND CIRCUMSTANCE
F1/A=WILL DUPLICATE (AGAIN) RANGED TEXT
F1/B=SET BLOCKS FOR LATER FILL
   F1/M=WILL START MEASURING THE BLOCK
   (RETURN) WILL END MEASURING THE BLOCK
F1/D=STARTS RANGING TO DELETE TEXT
F1/E/S OR P OR A OR R = WILL ERASE
     SENTENCE, PARAGRAPH, ALL, OR REMAINDER
F1/F=FILE THE TEXT TO DISK
F1/G/XXX=GOTO LINE # OR (E)ND OR 999
F1/I=WILL ALLOW INSERTING LARGE AMOUNTS OF TEXT
F1/L=WILL LOAD A FILE FROM DISK
F1/O=OUTPUT
F1/O/P or V=OUTPUT TO PRINTER OR VIDEO
     C=CONTINUE PRINTING AFTER PAGE END OR PAUSE
F1/O/F/C/P=OUTPUT FILL FILE CONTINUOUSLY TO PRINTER
F1/P=WILL DISPLAY THE TAB LOCATIONS
F1/R=STARTS RANGING TO COPY OR TRANSFER TEXT
   (RETURN) WILL END RANGING
F1/S=SEARCH
F1/T=WILL SET A TAB AT CURSOR LOCATION
     F1/T/H=SETS HORIZONTAL TABS
     F1/T/V=SETS VERTICAL TABS
     F1/C/H or V =CLEAR TAB AT CURSOR
     F1/Z/H or V =ZERO (CLEAR) ALL TABS
F1/U=WILL CHANGE THE CASE OF ALL FOLLOWING LETTERS
F1/X=WILL TRANSFER RANGED TEXT
F1/APPROPRIATE CURSOR=PAN
   SHIFT DURING PAN WILL INCREASE SPEED
   RUN/STOP DURING PAN TO TERMINATE
F1/-=SOFT HYPHEN (WILL BE USED ONLY IF NEEDED)
F1/DEL OR SHIFT INST=WILL DELETE OR INSERT A LINE
     F1 WILL STOP LINE INSERT/DELETE
F1/$=PRINT USER-DEFINED CHARACTERS
F1/# (SHIFTED 3)=AUTO PAGE NUMBERING IN A HEADER OF FOOTER
F1/[ (SHIFTED :)=WILL START UNDERLINING (OR ENHANCED PRINT)
F1/] (SHIFTED ;)=ENDS UNDERLINING (ENHANCED PRINT)
F2=WILL COPY THE FIRST PHRASE ENCLOSED IN QUOTES
     (USE FOR FILE NAMING DURING FILE OPERATION)
F3=PLACES A REVERSE FIELD * FOR FORMAT COMMANDS
     OR FORMAT STATEMENTS
F4=WILL SHIFT FROM EDIT TO DISK MODE
F5= WILL TURN CAPITALS ON AND OFF
F6=TURNS DECIMAL ON OR OFF
F6/F1/T/H or V =DECIMAL TAB
F7=IN EDIT MODE WILL MOVE TO NEXT H TAB
F8=IN EDIT MODE WILL MOVE TO NEXT V TAB
*FP0
*CN1;FORMAT COMMANDS*CN0
*LN3
ALL THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS MUST BE PRECEEDED BY F3

CHXXX,XXX,XXX,XXX,XXX,XXX=DEFINS USER-DEFINED CHARACTER
CN1=TURNS CENTERING ON
CN0=TURNS CENTERING OFF
FPXX=WILL START A NEW PAGE IF THE NEXT PARAGRAPH IS
    LONGER THAN XX LINES
FTXX:AAA,BBB,CCC(R)=SETS FOOTER
    WHERE XX IS THE LINES ABOVE(BELOW) THE HEADER(FOOTER)
    WHERE AAA IS LEFT ALIGNED TEXT
    AND BBB IS CENTERED TEXT
    AND CCC IS RIGHT ALIGNED TEXT
HDXX:AAA,BBB,CCC(R)=SETS HEADER
HLXX=SETS LEFT MARGIN FOR THE HEADER AND FOOTER
HRXX=SETS RIGHT MARGIN FOR THE HEADER AND FOOTER
JU1=TURNS JUSTIFICATION ON
JU0=TURNS JUSTIFICATION OFF
LK:nextfilename(R)=LINK TO NEXT FILE
LMXX=SETS LEFT MARGIN
LNXX=WILL SKIP XX NUMBER OF LINES
MAXX=RESETS THE LEFT MARGIN XX SPACES TO THE LEFT FOR ONE LINE ONLY
NB=ALLOWS NON-PRINTED COMMENTS
OFXX=SETS OFFSET SPACES(USE TO PRINT THE RIGHT COLUMN
     OF A NEWSLETTER)
PLXX=SETS PAGE LENGTH IN LINES PER PAGE (TELLS ES THE PAPER LENGTH)
PS=PAUSE DURING PRINTING(MAY BE USED TO CHANGE DAISY WHEEL)
P#XX=SPECIFIES THE FIRST PAGE # FOR AUTO PAGE NUMBERING
RA1=TURNS RIGHT ALIGNMENT ON
RA0=TURNS RIGHT ALIGNMENT OFF
RMXX=SETS RIGHT MARGIN
SPXX=SETS SPACES BETWEEN LINES WHERE XX IS 0,1,OR 2
TLXX=SETS TEXT LENGTH IN LINES
VPXX=WILL SET THE VERTICAL OFFSET (# OF LINES DOWN TO START PRINTING
VP0=WILL TURN OFF THE VERTICAL OFFSET
*LN2
*CN1;DISK COMMANDS*CN0
*LN2
ALL THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS MUST BE PRECEEDED BY F4

N0:diskname,XX(R)=FORMATS A DISK NAMED diskname WITH ID#XX
$0(R)=DISPLAYS THE DIRECTORY
+$0(R)=PLACES THE DIRECTORY IN MEMORY AND SHIFTS TO EDIT MODE
S0:filename(R)=DELETES(SCRATCHES) THE FILE NAMED filename
R0:newname=oldname(R)=RENAMES THE FILE
Simple texteditor v 2.0
 
This is a short and simple version of a texteditor and a tool to
handle sequential files. It is based on the program SEQUTL.BIN
lib 8 [75116,3347]. 
The editor can be used to write letters, docs and to prepare them
to be eventually transferred by E-Mail.
- You can enter up to 500 lines of text (75 characters/line).
  Characters like quotation marks - chr$(34) - and comma
  - chr$(44) - can be used.
- A CBM compatible printer (unit 8, sec. address 7) will work.
- The input of a line of text will be closed by hitting RETURN.
- Before closing the line you can correct the content using the
  key INST/DEL.
- Pressing SPACE + RETURN creates an empty line.
- Pressing RETURN after the line number is shown will end the whole
  process of inputting text. The file will be closed and saved on
  disk.
  The standard diskdrive is unit 8 (!).
- You can append existing files - add more lines of text.
- Using the option 'edit an old file' you can alter existing text.
  If the line is shown type 'E' and you can input a new text 
  starting at the begin of the line. Hitting 'RETURN' will delete
  this line.
  Pressing 'SPACE'	ill show the next line of the textfile.
- Finally there is the capability to convert the character set of the
  file (PETSCII) to true ASCII.Therewith the file can be sent by
  E-Mail. The extension '.text' is added to the filename.
 
F.Dormeier                                    [100272,2564]

 42 
";documentation for128edt.img & 128asm.img"
";            written by dan r. bull"
";             this software okay to"
";             copy and give away but"
";             not to sell."
";"
"******* 128edt.img *******"
";"
";summary of commands (first two letters may be used)"
";"
";quit / qu (quits program)"
";add  /ad (cont at end of file, use a / to exit)"
";load /  lo filename"
";save /  sa filename"
";edit / ed # (edit specific line)"
";help / he (or help key), (gives list of commands)"
";list / li #, li # -, li # # (space bar ends list: return pauses)"
";new  /ne (erase file from memory)"
";disk /  di (access to disk commands. use ! to exit)"
";insert / in # # (first # is starting line)"
";                (second # is how many lines)"
";delete / de #, de # #"
";catalog / ca (list disk directory)"
";pseudo opcodes: org byt asc dst"
";remarks         * or ;"
"; for hex use $ ($c000)"
"; also accepts decimal (49152)"
";******************************"
";you must use spaces example(li(spc)25(spc)-(spc)35 or in(spc)23(spc)3"
";******************************"
";"
"***** 128asm.img *****"
";"
";this program is menu driven."
";w	n asked for memory size, "
";just enter the number of lines"
";in the src file."
";"
";any questions: leave me a message in easyplex dr bull, 72307,2725"
":"
":"
":"
Good News!
 
Now you can share your Enhanced Sidplayer songs with other people.
Along with other changes at COMPUTE! comes permission to distrubte a
promotional version of the standalone player for the Enhanced Sidplayer.
 
This special edition of the player consists of the normal player, some
promotional text, and the following message:
 
ENTIRE CONTENTS COPYRIGHT 1988 BY COMPUTE! PUBLICATIONS, INC.
 
PERMISSION TO USE AND DISTRIBUTE THIS PROMOTIONAL FILE IS GRANTED,
PROVIDED THAT IT IS NOT MODIFIED AND NOT SOLD.
 
Please note that this program (ENHSID.IMG and ENHSID.BIN) is not in the
Public Domain.  It is still copyrighted by COMPUTE!, but it is okay to
distribute the program for promotional purposes.  It would be inaccurate
and misleading to refer to this promotional version of the player as a
Public Domain player.
 
I hope you will continue to enjoy using Sidplayer.  If you know of other
peope who are interested in Sidplayer, please tell them the source of
this product.  Your support in this matter is appreciated.
 
Sincerely,
Craig Chamberlain
3/15/88
 
 
 
 
    CORRECTIONS for EPROM PROGRAMMER  (Transactor Jan 1987 by Tim Bolbach)

The following corrections are pointed out by Tim in his follow up article:
  Resistor R2 may be changed to 75 ohm if VPP LED will not light.
  The emitters of both transistors should be grounded.
  U1- Gnd pin should be 7 not 14.
  U1- Pin 13 should be connected to personality socket pin 4.
  U1- Pin 22 should have a jumper to per. socket pin 3 (original connection
      remains as shown.)
  ZIF- Pins 14 through 18 should be changed to pins 15 through 19 (pin 14
       remains gnd as shown.)
  U3- Pin 14 should be +5V. Pin 7 is gnd.

Several changes were made in the jumpers of the personality sockets:

          2716:         2732:     2764/27128:       27256:        2532:
      pin 4 to 12   pin 6 to 13   pin 2 to 20   pin 2 to 20   pin 6 to 13
          6 to 13       7 to 19       5 to 21       5 to 14       7 to 19
          7 to 19       8 to 18       6 to 15       6 to 15       8 to 18
          8 to 18       9 to 16       7 to 19       7 to 19       9 to 20
          9 to 20      10 to 23       8 to 18       8 to 18      10 to 24
         10 to 22     	1 to 17       9 to 16       9 to 16      11 to 17
         11 to 17      12 to 24     *10 to 23      10 to 22      12 to 16
                                     11 to 17      11 to 17
                                    *12 to 24      12 to 24

* After making all of the above changes I was still able to read but not
burn a 2764. Further investigation revealed that pin 24 (VPP) going to pin 12
and then to pin 20 of the ZIF is incorrect. Pin 20 is the chip enable (CE) pin
and should never see more than +5V.	f it does it means instant death for the
EPROM! (You may be able to read it after this happens but won't be able to
write to it and it will probably get very hot.) Therefore, change the jumpers
marked with a (*) above as follows: Pin 10 to 22 / pin 12 to 23.
With these changes made I was then able to successfully program an EPROM.
Please bear in mind that the only EPROM I've been working with is the 2764 but
these changes might apply to any of the others using these pins.

Another VERY important thing to 	te are the programming voltages. These
appear to be very critical! Just one volt too much is enough to blow the
EPROM. The original article states that the 2764 requires +25V for VPP. I have
found (the hard way) that this should be +21V (at least for the 2764 sold by
Radio Shack.) As Tim mentioned, the best bet is to attempt to program at
several volts below that which is stated. If unsuccessful, increase by one volt
and try it again. The last one I did programmed at +19V. Always check the
Mfg's spec shee	to be sure.
One last note is on the U/V bulb for erasing. I have been unable to find one
locally through appliance shops. They can be found in the back of Mag's such
as Radio Electronics, Hands On Electronics, etc. Although he didn't remember
which one, Tim has seen the bulb, ballast and all for as little as $9.99.
Good luck and I'd appreciate hearing about your results.
Ronald McDonald (Ron Vieira)  75766,42


#: 13412 S12/CAD & FIGUREs/RLEs
    03-Mar-88  20:00:20
Sb: #epson4.bin
Fm: Ranjan Bose 74346,2453
To: all cad/epson users

This refers to my recent upload called epson4.bin which allows one to use a
epson printer with CAD 4.0 Well, it runs perfectly well on my Roland printer
(Panasonic clone) but for some epson compatibles a slight modification might
help. If you are getting lines printed with the lowest dot darker than the rest
due to overprinting then add the following line before the REM statements on
line 14 in the CAD boot program 14 X=24:POKE 37565,X:POKE 37971,X:POKE
38665,X:POKE 39305,X:REM........ The value of X can be adjusted and correspond
to X/216 " paper movement A value of 24 moves the par by 8 dots. Hope this
helps
               Ranjan
            74346,2453





                                  EXPLORER II

                Commodore 128 - 80 column Disk Utility Program.

                            Written by Rick Simon
                              and placed within
                              the Public Domain.

              This program may be copied and distributed for free.
                            It may not be sold.



 This program will only operate on the Commodore 128 computer. It utilizes 
the 80 column screen in Fast mode, and should work with any Commodore 
compatible disk drive and printer. It was compiled using Basic 128 by 
Abacus Software to increase the speed of the program. It's features are:

   #1.  Multi-file copier using one or more disk drives (single/dual).
   #2.  Full sector editor capable of reaching track 70 on the 1571.
   #3.  Print files to the screen or printer as normal characters, with
        control codes trapped, with control codes as ASCII codes, or
        all characters as ASCII codes.
   #4.  Unscratch command to retrieve accidently erased files.
   #5.  Trace data sectors of files to screen or printer.
   #6.  Full directory of disk including scratched files.
   #7.  Screen dump to printer.
   #8.  Multi-file scratch command.
   #9.  Access to full disk commands.
   #10. Ability to change file types from/to Prg/Seq/Usr format.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                              THE MAIN MENU

$ - Directory:

 This command will call up the entire directory of the disk and display it 
to the screen. Included will be the name, type, size, track & sector of the 
first data block for each file on the disk. Also, the remaining blocks free 
on the disk. Included are any scratched files on the disk. Additionally, 
the disk name, ID, and type of format (1541/1571) will be displayed in the 
upper window. Up to twenty file names may be viewed at any given time. If 
there are over 20 files on the disk, the first 20 will be shown, and a 
message at the bottom of the screen telling how many files total are on the 
disk. (see scrolling below)

NOTE: The format type displayed in the upper window is the disk format,
      NOT the type of drive.


> - Disk Commands:

 This calls up the disk commands menu. (see below)




C - Copy files:

 This command will allow for the copying of program, sequential, or user 
files from the currently listed Source drive to the listed Destination 
drive. If the same drive is listed for both, a 54K buffer will be used for 
the copying. The buffer will accept files up to 219 blocks long. If two 
different drives are used, file size is only limited by disk space. You 
will be prompted for the file(s) you wish to copy. Enter the number of the 
file from the directory and press RETURN. The cursor will reappear with the 
same prompt. You may either enter more file numbers, or press the RETURN 
key by itself to begin copying. You will be asked if you wish to format the 
destination disk. The copier is not 'blazing' fast, but it will allow 
copying between different types of disk drives (i.e. 1571 and 1541, 1571 
and MSD, etc.) I timed the copy speed out at approx. 1.5 seconds per block. 
The name of the current file being copied will be displayed along with the 
number of bytes in the file.


T - Trace File:

 This command will print out to the screen or the printer a track and 
sector trace of the data blocks for the requested file. Simply enter the 
number of the file you wish to have traced. You will then see the track and 
sector of each data block printed across the screen (or printer if 
selected). The name of the file will be displayed in the upper window (or 
printed on the paper).


U - Unscratch Command:

 This command allows you to change a Deleted (scratched) file back to it's 
original format, and will re-allocate all of the blocks used by that file. 
It will also let you change any Prg, Seq, or Usr file on the disk to any of 
those three formats. This is handy for converting that Seq word processor 
file over to Prg format so your 'other' word processor can read it, or vice 
versa. You will be prompted for the file number, and which type format 
(P,S,U) you wish to change it to. Pressing RETURN by itself at the file 
name prompt will abort from this command back to the Main Menu.

WARNING: To insure the proper restoration of a scratched file, you must
         not save or append any data on the disk after scratching the
         file, and before using this command.


P - Print File:

 This command will print to the screen or printer the contents of any Prg, 
Seq, or Usr file. Pressing RETURN by itself at the file number prompt will 
abort back to the menu. While the file is being printed, you may pause it 
at any time by pressing any key. At that time you can either abort out of 
it by pressing the 'Q' key, or restart by pressing any other key. 
Additionally, there are four different 'translation' types for the data. 
You will be prompted for which Translation type you wish (1,2,3,4). They 
are as follows:


  1. This prints all characters as their equivalent CHR$ codes.

WARNING: This includes such codes as cursor colors, clear screen, home
         cursor, flash on/off, reverse on/off, set windows, etc. If
         this option is used to print the file to the screen, there is
         no telling what your screen will look like at the end of it.

  2. This prints all normal characters (letters,numbers,etc.) normally.
     All control codes mentioned in the Warning above are trapped and
     appear as a white period. Recommend this option for printing to
     the screen. If you press Return at the Translation prompt, this
     translation option is used.
  3. Same as #2 above except, trapped characters are printed as their
     equivalent number inside white brackets. For instance, a Reverse
     On would appear as:  [ 18]  -  equivalent to CHR$(18)
  4. This prints ALL characters as ASCII equivalents inside brackets.
     This is handy for dumping out to printer the numbers needed for
     POKE statements for machine language programs/sub-routines.


B - Block Editor:

 Calls the sector editor menu. (see below)


E - Exit:

 This exits the entire program. You are prompted:    'Are You Sure ?'


^ - Screen Dump:

 Pressing the up arrow key (next to the asterisk key, not the cursor key) 
will do a screen dump to the selected printer. This is an 'invisible' 
command and does not appear in the menu.


<- - New Parameters:

 Pressing the left arrow key (next to the 1, not the cursor key) will allow 
you to set the parameters for your peripherals. You will be prompted for 
the Source device number (8 to 30) and drive number (0 or 1), the 
Destination device number (8 to 30) and drive number (0 or 1), the printer 
device number (4 to 7), and the printer secondary address (0 to 255). When 
answering the prompts, pressing the RETURN key by itself will leave the 
device numbers for the Source drive, Destination drive, and printer the 
same as they were. The drive numbers and printer secondary address will be 
changed to zero unless otherwise specified. This is an 'invisible' command 
which does not appear on the menu.


Up/Down Cursor keys:

 These keys may be used to scroll the disk directory up or down when it is 
displayed if there are more files on the disk than can be displayed at one 
time. These are 'invisible' commands and do not appear on the menu.





----------------------------------------------------------------------
                        BLOCK EDITOR MENU

F1 - Chain Block:

 This command will read the byte under the cursor as the next Track, the 
byte to the right of the cursor as the next Sector, and attempt to jump to 
and display that block. This is very handy when tracing a file on the disk 
since the first two bytes of any Sector are the Track and Sector of the 
next data block in that file. This also works well when going from the 
directory entry for a file to the first block of that file.


F2 - Read Block:

 This command will prompt you for the specific Track and Sector you wish to 
view.


F3 - Directory:

 This command will jump to and display Track 18, Sector 1. This is the 
beginning of the directory entries for all files on the disk.


F4 - Write Block:

 This command will write the contents visible on the screen to the Track 
and Sector presently accessed (shown in the upper window) of the presently 
selected Destination drive.


F5 - ASCII Edit:

 This command displays the block data on the screen in it's ASCII format. 
All control codes are trapped and printed as white periods, similar to 
Translation option 2 in the Print File section of the main menu.


F6 - HEX Edit:

 This command displays the block data on the screen in it's Hexadecimal 
format. This is handy for figuring out what all those white periods are! 
<<grin>>


F7 - Exit:

 This command exits the block editor back to the main menu.


F8 - Copy Block:

 This command allows you to copy the contents of the block displayed on the 
screen to any other block on the disk. You will be prompted for the Track 
and Sector number where you want the data written to. This is handy for 
experimentation purposes.


^ - Screen Dump:

 This is an 'invisible' command. (see above in main menu)


<- - New Parameters:

 This is an 'invisible' command. (see above in main menu)


Cursor Keys:

 The cursor keys (including the 'home' key) will move the cursor around the 
screen to the desired byte of the displayed block. These are also 
'invisible' commands and do not appear on the menu.



                         EDITING SECTOR DATA

 While the sector data is displayed on the screen you may move the cursor 
over any specific byte and change the contents of that byte. If using ASCII 
Edit, pressing any key will change the byte under the cursor to that keys 
equivalent. If in HEX Edit, a valid, two digit Hex number must be keyed in 
prior to the byte being changed. As in normal screen editing, when a byte 
has been changed, the cursor will automatically move to the next byte by 
itself. Changed bytes will be printed in a different color to highlight 
which bytes have been edited. You may freely change back and forth between 
HEX and ASCII edit modes while editing the data. Any already edited data 
will remain edited. Once the data has been edited to your satisfaction, you 
must use the Write Block option to save the edited data onto the disk. Any 
other command will leave the original data as it was on the disk.

WARNING: If you are not familiar with editing data directly on the disk
         with a sector editor this way, it is highly advised that you
         experiment on a backup disk first. Changing the wrong byte can
         make it impossible to access a file on the disk using the
         normal Load command, and in certain cases, to Load ANY file
         from the disk without changing the byte back.

NOTES: This utility can teach you alot about how files are stored on
       your disks. If you are just starting to get interested in this
       area, I highly recommend you copy a couple of different files
       onto a disk to experiment with. While looking around with this
       utility on the disk, the info in the back of the disk drive
       manual concerning the way data is stored in the directory, and
       the different file types can be invaluable in aiding you. It
       also gives you the ability to perform some 'tricks'. For
       instance, locate a file name in the directory. You will see the
       file name and a series of A0's (in HEX Edit) after the name.
       Change the first six A0's immediately after the name to the
       following in Hex:   22 2C 38 2C 31 3A    The next time you list
       the directory with the Directory or Catalog commands, or by
       Load '$',8 you will see that the listing will show the file
       size and name as normal, but in between the file name and the
       file type will appear ,8,1:   Many other 'tricks' are possible.


----------------------------------------------------------------------
                         DISK COMMANDS MENU

$ - Directory:

 Same as in main menu, above.


H - Header Disk:

 This command will format the disk in the Source drive. You will be 
prompted for the new name and ID for the disk. If the RETURN key is pressed 
by itself at the name prompt, the name of the disk will be 'file copy 
disk'. If at the ID prompt, the fast format option will be used (i.e. 
erases the directory only, takes approx. 4 seconds).

NOTE: The fast format option may only be used on disks which have
      previously been fully formatted.


V - Validate Disk:

 This is the same as the Collect command. It will check to insure that only 
the proper blocks on the disk are allocated. Use this command to 'erase' 
'Splat' files (improperly closed files marked with an asterisk in the 
directory). Length of time for the completion of this command will vary 
depending on number of files on disk.


I - Initialize:

 This resets the disk drive to it's normal power up condition.


S - Scratch File(s):

 This is a multi-file Scratch command. You will be prompted for the number 
of the file you wish to Scratch. After answering the prompt, the prompt and 
cursor will reappear. At that time you may enter more file numbers for 
Scratching, or press RETURN by itself to begin scratching the file(s).


R - Rename File:

 This command will rename a file on the disk. You will be prompted for the 
Old file name. At this time you may either type in the old name, or type in 
the file number preceded by the # symbol. You will then be prompted for the 
new name for the file.


G - Get Status:

 This command reads and displays the error channel data from the disk 
drive. Press any key to erase the data and continue.





> - Freehand Command:

 This command allows you to send any valid command string to the drive (up 
to 46 characters in length). For instance, entering    s0:test.docs would 
scratch a file named 'test.docs' from the disk. Reference your disk drive 
manual for more information on the available commands for your drive.


E - Exit:

 This command exits back to the main menu.


^ - Screen dump:

 This is an 'invisible' command. (same as in main menu above)


<- - New Parameters:

 This is an 'invisible' command. (same as in main menu above)


Up/Down Cursor Keys:

 This is an 'invisible' command. (same as in main menu above)


NOTE: All of the above commands affect the Source drive only.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

FINAL NOTES:

 Many of the commands in this program (such as Trace File, Rename 
File,etc.) require that you have the directory of the disk called up prior 
to their use.

 This program will not access Relative files in it's present format. An 
update allowing this may be forthcoming if I receive enough requests for 
one.

 The Header, Scratch File(s), and Exit Program commands include an 'Are You 
Sure? prompt.

 I did not use the 'Burst' command with this program. The primary reason 
for this is that when invoked, all checksums are ignored. The odds are good 
that the file would be properly copied even without them, but I wasn't 
willing to take the chance with any of my data. Not when I've put hours (or 
even weeks) into putting it together in the first place. As noted above, 
the copier isn't very fast. Nor will it defeat copy protection techniques. 
It wasn't designed to do that. However, it should work on any Commodore 
compatible drive without any problems. I have tested it with a 1571 and 
1541 without any problems. Over all, I had fun putting this program 
together, and I hope you find it useful.



"d
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 1/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 00:27:44 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p1
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part1
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part1
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part1
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1996/08/12
		       	

  Disclaimer: 
  
| This file is maintained by Jim Brain (brain@mail.msen.com, j.brain@ieee.org,
| brain@acm.org).  It is composed of information gleaned from articles in the 
| USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm, the FidoNET echoes CBM and CBM-128,
| electronic mail messages, World Wide Web pages, and othee authors have either directly or indirectly given their consent to use 
| their work in this FAQ.  All of the information in this file has been 
| gathered and checked if possibl of any statement in this file.  If in doubt, please bring up 
| the subject in one of the Commodore forums.
  
| If you have suggestions, comments, or criticisms, please let Jim Brain
| know by sending electronic mail to brain@mail.msen.com.  If, you find that
| address no longer available, please try the forwarding accounts
| j.brain@ieee.org or brain@acm.org.  Keep in mind that new questions appear
| on a daily basis, so there is a finite time between a new question 
| appearing in comp.sys.cbm, and its inclusion in this file.

  The latest version of this file may be obtained from the following places:
  
  ftp sites:
    ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm/cbm-main-faq.3.1
    ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/faq/cbm-main-faq.3.1.gz
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part*
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
    ftp://bbs.cc.uniud.it/pub/c64/comp.sys.cbm/faq.zip
    ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/user/spectre/TEXT-ARCHIVE/comp.sys.cbm.faq.3.1.gz

  World Wide Web sites:
    http://www.msen.com/~brain/faqhome.html

  Bulletin Board Systems:
|   COMMODORE CEE BBS (916) 339-3403,               FIDONET address: 1:203/999
|   VGA Cologne BBS   +49-221-9808007 (19.2 ZyXel/ISDN) 
|                            -9808008 (28.8 V.FC/ISDN)
|                                                   FidoNET address						      
  Mailservers:
    mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu.  First nine lines of message:
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part1
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part2
      sensend /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part4
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part5
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part6
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part7
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part8
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part9
    
  brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain's Mailserver - always has latest copy)
    Subject: MAILSERV
      send faq.p*
      
  Mailing List  
    To receive any major updates to the FAQ, mail:
      To: brain@mail.msen.com
      Subject: MAILSERV
      Body:
      subscribe cbm-main-faq Firstname Lastname
      quit
      
  See Section 6 for directions on how to use these services to retrieve the
  FAQ.

  This file is posted to the groups comp.sys.cbm, news.answers, and
| comp.answers once every month around the 5th of the month.
                            
  _Notes for this release_:
  -----------------------
  
+ Still left to add.  Maybe next time....
  rewrite  of section 13.8.
  a section devoted to downloading software (maybe)
  changes to section 12.3 to detail hooking up monitors.
  
  Most notable changes include removing many long lists, and splitting
  the FAQ into 9 < 32kB pieces.
   
  I am gathering a list of Commodore reference books together.  If you
  have a book, please send me the ISBN, Author, TItle, short description,
  number of pages, whether it has illustrations, and wh  any code samples.  Thanks.

  -----------------------

  Lines preceded with a '|" have been modified since the last version of this
  file was posted.  Lines preceded by a '+' have been added since the last
  version was posted.

  If readers of this FAQ wish to make changes, please precede formatted lines
  sent to me with a 'C' so that I can see the changes even if you enclose
  header and trailer text to show context.

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table of Contents
  -----------------

   1.  Introduction
   1.1.  What is a FAQ
   1.2.  What topics does this FAQ cover?
   1.3.  Who decides what goes in the FAQ?
   1.4.  How do I retrieve updates to the FAQ?
  
   2.  Overview
   2.1.  Do people still use Commodore 8-bit machines?
   2.2.  How many Commodore machines are there?
   2.3.  What do people do with Commodore 8-bit machines?
   2.4.  What Commodore 8-bit machines are most widely used?
   2.5.  What is the economic status of Commodore?
   
   3.  The BASICs
   3.1.  How do I format a Commodore disk?
   3.2.  How do I transform a BASIC program to a text file?
   3.3.  How do I transform a text file into a BASIC program?
   3.4.  How can I change my dsoftware?
   3.5.  Can I get my 1581 drive to change its device number on startup?
  
   4.  Publications
   4.1.  What paper publications are available?
   4.2.  What paper publications have disappeared?
   4.3.  What is a Disk Magazine?  Where do I find them?
   4.4.  What is an Online Magazine?  Where do I find them?
   4.5.  Are there other publications I should be aware of?
   4.6.  How do I know which magazines to subscribe to?
   
   5.  Connecting Up
   5.1.  How do I connect my computer to the outside world?
   5.2.  What services can I use to get online?
   5.3.  What hardware do I need?
   5.4.  What kinds of terminal programs exist?
   5.4.1.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 64?
   5.4.2.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 128?
   5.5.  Can I use my Commodore computer on Amateur Radio?
   5.6.  Is there TCP/IP software available for Commodore computers?
   
   6.  The Online Information Reservoir
   6.1.  How do I download?  What is a transfer protocol?
   6.2.  What is the difference between PETSCII and ASCII?
   6.3.  Where can I find Commodore programs?
   6.4.  What is a file extension, and what do they stand for?
   6.5.  What is electronic mail?
   6.5.1.  What are mailing lists 6.5.2.  What is a Mail Server?  How do I use one?
   6.5.3.  How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?
   6.6.  What is USENET or NetNews?  What is a USENET newsgroup?
   6.6.1.  What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines? 
   6.6.2.  What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?
   6.6.3.  Which issues does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?
   6.6.4.  How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?
   6.6.5.  How can I access comp.sys.cbm through email?
+  6.6.6.  How can I read comp.sys.cbm through WWW?
   6.7.  What is a FidoNET echo?
   6.7.1.  What echoes cater to Commodore 8-bit machines? 
   6.7.2.  How do I post in an echo?
   6.8.  What is the World Wide Web?
   6.8.1.  What WWW sites have Commodore information?
   6.8.2.  What Sites have Telnet WWW Browsers?
   6.9.  What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
   6.9.1.  What FTP sites have Commodore Information?
   6.9.2.  What is an FTP Mail Server?  How do I use one?
   6.9.3.  How do I send files to an FTP site?
   6.10. What is Internet Relay Chat (IRC)?
   6.11. What else is available online?
    
   7.  Exchanging Data
   7.1.  How do I exchange data among Commodore 8-bit machines?
   7.2.  How do I exchange data between an IBM(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.3.  How do I exchange data betwee and my Commodore?
   7.4.  How do I exchange data between a Macintosh(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.5.  How do I exchange data between an Atari ST(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.6.  How do I exchange data between a UNIX(tm) machine and my Commodore?
   7.7.  Are there other ways to exchange data between computers?

   8.  Operating Systems
   8.1.  What Operating Systems are available?
   8.2.  What is GEOS?
   8.3.  What is UNIX?
   8.4.  What is CP/M

   9.  Demonstrations
   9.1.  Just what is a demonstration, or demo?
   9.2.  What does NTSC and PAL mean?
   9.3.  Where do I get demos?
   9.4.  What is a demo competition?
   9.5   What does FLI, DYCP, etc. mean?

  10.  Emulators
  10.1.  What is an emulator?
  10.2.  What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
  10.3.  What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
  10.4.  Are any other Commodore computers emulated?

  11.  Troubleshooting
  11.1.  What do I do for my ill disk drive?
  11.2.  What do I do for my ill computer?
  11.2.1.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 64?
  11.2.2.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?
  11.3.  What do I do for my ill keyboard?
  
  12.  Modifications and Cabling
  12.1.  How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?
  12.2.  How do I open a C128 power supply?
  12.3.  How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?
  12.4.  How dole RS-232 interface cable?
  12.5.  How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?
  12.6.  How can I determine how much VDC video memory is in my C128?
  12.7.  How do I build a GEOCable interface?
+ 12.8.  How do I connect my Commodore printer to an IBM PC?
  
  13.  Enhancements
  13.1.  How do I increase my disk drive's transfer speed?
  13.1.1.  What is a Fastloader?
  13.1.2.  What is a ROM replacement?
  13.1.3.  What are the disadvantages to using a drive enhancement?
  13.1.4.  What other things can I do to speed up the drive?
  13.2.  How do I expand my disk drive's capacity?
  13.2.1.  What is a Hard Drive?  Who sells them?
  13.2.2.  What is 64NET?
+ 13.2.3.  What is SERVER64?
  13.3.  How do I expand my computer's RAM capacity?
  13.3.1.  What is a Ram Expansion Unit?
  13.3.2.  What is a geoRAM Unit?
  13.3.3.  What is battery backed GeoRAM (BBGRam)?
  13.3.4.  What is a RAMLink?
  13.3.5.  What is a RAMDrive?
  13.3.6.  How do I expand my C128 Video RAM?
  13.3.7.  How do I expand my C64 internally?
  13.3.8.  How do I expand my C128 internally?
  13.4.  How do I increase my computer's speed?
  13.4.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's speed?
  13.4.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's speed?
  13.4.3.  Can I speed up other Commodore computers?
  13.5.  How do I iscreen's resolution?
  13.5.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's screen resolution?
  13.5.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's screen resolution?
  13.5.3.  How do I increase other CBM computers' resolutions?
  13.6.  How do I increase my computer's serial transfer speed?
  13.7.  How do I increase my computer's sound quality?
  13.8.  What other ways can I expand my Commodore computer?
   
  14.  Programming
  14.1.  What Programming Languages are available?
  14.2.  What is a Cross Assembler?  How do I use one?
  14.3   What is an "undocumented opcode"?
   
  15.  User Groups

  16.  Sales and Service
  16.1.  Where do I purchase Commodore Equipment and Software?
  16.2.  Where do I get equipment serviced?
  16.3.  How do I know who to buy from or request service from?
   
  17. Miscellaneous
  17.1.  How fast does a Commodore 64 run?
  17.2.  How can a turn my NTSC-M 64 into a PAL-B 64 or vice versa?
  17.3.  What does this IC number mean?
+ 17.4.  What are the differences between C64 ROM Revisions?
     
  18. Credits   
   
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


   1. Introduction

  Welcome to the comp.sys.cbm "Frequently Asked Questions" (FAQ) file.
  Many news groups maintain a FAQ file which is posted monthly, and
  is a repository for general interest and common information thers of the news group, or new readers of the news group, might be
  interested in.
  
  
   1.1.  What is a FAQ
   
  FAQ is an acronym that stands for "Frequently Asked Questions".  Shortly
  after the introduction of USENET, many people noticed that certain
  questions were repeatedly asked in newsgroups.  To minimize the posting of
  answers to already answered questions, USENET developed the idea of FAQ
  files.  After a question has been asked a number of times in the USENET
  newsgroup, it is added to the list of answered questions in the FAQ. 
  Then, readers are encouraged to read the FAQ to cut down on posts of
  repeated questions.  
  
  A FAQ file is not solely for newcomers.  Experienced users are encouraged
  to glance over the FAQ every so often to check for errors and add items.
  Also, it seems that everyone gets a question answered by reading the FAQ,
  new user or not.
   
   
   1.2.  What topics does this FAQ cover?
   
  This FAQ answers questions on just about any topic concerning Commodore
  computers.  Obviously, given the nature of the FAQ file, it is impossible
  to answer every question here, and some topics are too broad for discussion
  in the FAQ.  However, when thnnot adequately answer a question, it
  does provide pointers to relevant people or materials.
  
  Even though a large number of people use their Commodore computer to
  program, the topic is much too broad for adequate coverage in the FAQ.  For
  those interested in programming, however, please see Section 14, 
  "Programming".

   
   1.3.  Who decides what goes in the FAQ?
   
  Typically, a FAQ file is editted by a single person or small group of
  people.  These editors decide what should go into the FAQ.  Obviously,
  for the FAQ to fulfill its intended purpose, any question that has been
  asked repeatedly should be included, as should updates to any questions
  already in the FAQ.  The FAQ maintainer should try to provide as 
  up-to-date information as possible in the FAQ.  Above that, the FAQ
  maintainer can include any other information he or she deems or interest
  or value to the readers.
  
  For this FAQ, the FAQ maintainer is Jim Brain, brain@mail.msen.com, 
  j.brain@ieee.org, or brain@acm.org.
  
  If you have information that you feel should be included, please mail
  it to Jim.  Please be aware that it does take time to include new
  information.
   
   
   1.4.  How do I retrieve updates to the FAQ?

| The FAQ is posted on the 20th of the month to the USENET newsgroup 
| comp.sys.cbm.  It is automatically archived on the FTP site 
| rtfm.mit.edu and automatically archived on Jim Brain's mailserver.
  Most Bulletin Board Systems and Usert copy of the
  FAQ, and numerous magazines and other publications have included parts
  or all of the FAQ on disk or in print in recent months.  This FAQ is
  called the "COMP.SYS.CBM General Frequently Asked Questions List".
 
  The latest version of this file may be obtained from the following places:
  
  ftp sites:
    ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm/cbm-main-faq.3.1
    ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/faq/cbm-main-faq.3.1.gz
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part*
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
    ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
    ftp://bbs.cc.uniud.it/pub/c64/comp.sys.cbm/faq.zip
    ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/user/spectre/TEXT-ARCHIVE/comp.sys.cbm.faq.3.1.gz

  World Wide Web sites:
    http://www.msen.com/~brain/faqhome.html

  Bulletin Board Systems:
|   COMMODORE CEE BBS 3,               FIDONET address: 1:203/999
|   VGA Cologne BBS   +49-221-9808007 (19.2 ZyXel/ISDN) 
|                            -9808008 (28.8 V.F                                          FidoNET address 2:2450/140

  Mailservers:
    mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu.  First nine lines of message:
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part1
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part2
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part3
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part4
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part5
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part6
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part7
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part8
      send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part9
    
  brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain's Mailserver - always has latest copy)
    Subject: MAILSERV
      send faq.p*
      
  Mailing List  
    To receive any major updates to the FAQ, mail:
      To: brain@mail.msen.com
      Subject: MAILSERV
      Body:
      subscribe cbm-main-faq Firstname Lastname
      quit
      
  See Section 6 for directions on how to use these services to retrieve the
  FAQ.
  
  
   2.  Overview
  
  Obviously, we must walk before we run, and this principle applies to
  FAQ files as well.  Here are some general questions we often receive
  in the Commodore community. 
  
   
   2.1.  Do people still use Commodore 8-bit machines?
   
  Yes, people still do.  Newer machines may have appeared and taken over the
  corporate world, but the Commodore 8-bit machines live on.
  
   
   2.2.  How many Commodore machines are there?
  
  If you are asking the quantity of Commodore machines sold, the simple truth
  is that we do not know.  Commodore never officially released any such
  numbers for all models.  It has been estimated that Commodore sold
  over 10 million Commodore 64 machines, but that has not been proven, as far
  as I know.  So, if you ever determine exactly what quantity of each model
  was produced, please pass the information along.
   
  If you are asking the number of different models Commodore sold, we have
  a slightly better idea.  Jim Brain has compiled a list of all known CBM
  products, marketed or not, into the "Canonical List of Commodore Products".
  This include all of the Commodore line, including the PCs and the Amiga
  systems.  As it is much too large to fit in the FAQ, it can be requested 
  from Jim Brain's mailserver as file cbmmodel.txt (See Section 6.5.2 for
  directions on how to access the mailserver).  Alternately, the file is 
  posted to the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm on a periodic basis.


   2.3.  What do people do with Commodore 8-bit machines?
   
  People use their machines for very different purposes:

        Game Console.
        Home Computer.
        Experimentor's machine.
        Small Business Computer.

  No matter what purpose they use there is a
  wealth of programs available for the Commodore computer systems.  The
  Commodore line of computers has a seemingly endless supply of quality
  programs available for it, and more are being created daily.

   
   2.4.  What Commodore 8-bit machines are most widely used?
   
     Well, it is a fact that all types of Commodore 8-bit computers are still
  in use, but the following machines get the most use:

        Commodore 64 (include SX64, DX64, and PET64)
        Commodore 128 (includes 128D and Euro 128D)

  The following systems manufactured by Commodore still have a devout
  following:

        Commodore VIC-20
        Commodore PET series
        Commodore B series
        Commodore Plus 4 and 16
        Commodore C65

+ The Commodore 65 (64DX)
  
  The Commodore 65 is a recent addition and is the result of a liquidation of
  some ALPHA stage test machines.  A number of people have purchased these
  test units, and they have a FAQ devoted just to this machine.  Much 
  information on this machine is available at 
  ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/c65
  In spite of rumors, No company is considering manufacturing the C65.

| If you own a Commodore C65, the following people are compiling lists of
  people who own them.

  Robin Harbon
  542 West Donald Street.
  Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7E 5Y6
  Canada
  
+ Gary Pearson
+ gpearson@mistral.co.uk
  
+ The Commodore PET Series
  
  If you currently use a PET series Commodore computer or just want to know
  more about them, one person is trying to start a magazine devoted to these
  machine.  For more information or to submit articles for the magaziuch with:

  Mark J. Kingsbury
  25 Latta
  Battle Creek, MI  49017
  Mark_J_Kingsbury@fc1.glfn.org

+ If you own a Commodore VIC-20, the following individual is planning to
+ create a list of owners:

+ Jeff's Ink Press & Deli
+ P.O. Box 477493
+ Chicago IL  60647


   2.5.  What is the economic status of Commodore?
   
  On April 29, 1994, Commodore International announced that it had been unable
  to renegotiate terms of outstanding loans and were closing down the
  business.  In the months that followed, the liquidation process dragged on, 
  owing to the large far-reaching size of the corporation.  In addition, the
  fact that the company was incorporated in the Bahamas while a large share
  of the creditors were from the US made legal proceeding tense and drawn out.
  On April 20th, 1995, almost a full year later, Commodore was sold to
  a German ESCOM for approximately 10 to 12.5 million dollars.  
+ In early 1996, ESCOM annousell the Amiga technology to a
+ U.S. company called VISCorp, while reatining the Commodore name.  Then, in
+ July 1996, ESCOM announced that its was filing for bankruptcy protection
+ as it undergoes a reorganization process.  At present, the holder of the
+ CBM 8-bit technologies is unknown.
  
  Of course, since Commodore hasn't served the Commodore 8-bit community
  for quite some time, most Commodore owners are only interested in what
  will happen to Commodore Semiconductor Group (CSG), the fabricator for
  many of the special ICs in the Commodore 8-bit line.  Below is the current
  status of CSG as of April 6, 1995:

  Commodore Semiconductor Group liquidated in December, 1994.  The vast 
  majority of the operational material and the real estate was purchased by 
  GMT Electronics, a company formed by CSG's management.  GMT has paid the 
  $1 million lien that the EPA had levied against CSG, and is now operating 
  as a for-hire chip production plant.

  CSG/GMT is holding approximately $5 million in Commodore parts.

   
   3.  The BASICs
   
   These are some questions we receive about "BASIC", the built-in
   programming language in all 8-bit Commodore computers, and the "basics"
   of using the machine.
   
   
   3.1.  How do I format a Commodore disk?
   
  To format a disk in drive 0 (older PET drives had drive 0 and 1) on disk
  device #8, you issue the following command from BASIC:

  open1,8,15,"n0:16char_name,12":close1

| The name can be 16 characters in length, and the disk id (12 in this
  example) can be any two alphanumeric characters.

  For more information on how to use the 1541 disk drive or compatibles, 
  a complete manual is available at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/documents.
  (See Section 6.9 for direction on how to use ftp.)
  
   
   3.2.  How do I transform a BASIC program to a text file?
   
  As you may know, Commodore BASIC stores programs in "tokenized" format,
  so they are unreadable from a standard text editor.  To fix that, load up
  you BASIC program, and then type the following in direct mode:

  open1,8,2,"listing,s,w":cmd1:list

  The text listing will be placed on drive 8 in a file called listing.  After
 finished, your cursor should return.  Type the following
  in:

  print#1:close1

  You now have an un-"tokenized" copy of your program, which you can edit with
  any text editor.

   
   3.3.  How do I transform a text file into a BASIC program?
   
  Since Commodore BASIC stores its programs in "tokenized" format, one
  cannot simply load text files containing BASIC statements and run the file
  directly.  However, there is a solution.  In direct mode, type in the 
  following:

  C64:
  open1,8,2,"filename":poke781,1:poke812,73:sys 65478
  
  C128:
  open1,8,2,"filename":sys 65478,,1

  This will read in each line of the text file and try to execute it (or 
  store it if the line is preceded by a number).  The screen will go blank
  (scroll upwards) while the file is retrieved and will likely end up 
  printing an error message, which is normal.  When the last line of
  the program is entered, hit RUN/STOP-RESTORE, and type in the following:

  close1

  The file will now be loaded into memory.  Immediately save the files a BASIC program.
  
  If the above sounds too complicated for you, check out the seq-to-basic
  prog comp.binaries.cbm every month.  It will perform
  the translation for you, after you answer a few simple prompts.


   3.4.  How can I change my drive device number through software?
  
  To change the device number on Commodore drives, follow these steps:
  In the following examples, 'olddn' is the drive's current device number,
  and 'newdn' is the new number you wish to change it to.
 
  1)    Turn off all drives except one you wish to change device number of.
  2)    Type the following in, depending on drive type:
 
    1540/41/42/4040/Most Compatibles:
        open 15,olddn,15
        print#15,"m-w"chr$(119)chr$(0)chr$(2)chr$(32+newdn)chr$(64+newdn)
        close 15

    MSD SD-1 (Old ROM):
        open 15,olddn,15
        print#15,"m-w"chr$(117)chr$(0)chr$(2)chr$(32+newdn)chr$(64+newdn)
        close 15
 
    1551/70/71/81
        open 15,olddn,15
        print#15,"u0>"+chr$(newdn)
        close 15
 
  3)    Turn back on other drives.
 
  The change is only temporary.  It will revert back if the drive is turned
  off.

   
   3.5.  Can I get my 1581 drive to change its device number on startup?
  
  When the 1581 is initialized, as well as checking the boot sector of the
  disk, it also looks for a file "copyright cbm 86".  This file, if found,
  can specify a device number for the 1581 disk.  Whenever the 1581 is booted
  or initialized with this disk inserted, its device number will be changed
  to the specified number.  The utility 1581-auto-dev by David W. Tamkin
  (can be found on ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in the utilities directory) will create
  this file.  It can also do other stuff, so check it out.
 

 

-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 2/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 00:31:38 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p2
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part2
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part2
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part2
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1996/08/12
		       	

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------
  
   4.  Publications
   4.1.  What paper publications are available?
   4.2.  What paper publications have disappeared?
   4.3.  What is a Disk Magazine?  Where do I find them?
   4.4.  What is an Online Magazine?  Where do I find them?
   4.5.  Are there oations I should be aware of?
   4.6.  How do I know which magazines to subscribe to?

  -----------------------------------------------------------------

  
   4.  Publications
   
   Commodore users are always wanting more information about their
   computer.  They want to see articles about how to use it, program it, 
   care for it, and expand it.  Some use publications to gain knowledge, while
   others use them to find other people who have knowledge.  
  
   
   4.1.  What paper publications are available?
   
| The Underground

+ (see LOADSTAR LETTER)
   
  Commodore World

  Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
  P.O. Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028
  (800) 638-3263 (Credit Card Orders)
  cmd.sales@the-spa.com (Information and Pricing) 
  cmd.cw@the-spa.com (Questions or Comments) 
  cmd.cac@the-spa.com (Charles Chistianson - Marketing) 
  doug.cotton@the-spa.com (Doug Cotton - Editor)
  This is a new magazine that supersedes the RUN magazine.  It is packed
  with info about Commodore computers. 
  
  Subscription rates: 

  Type of Subscription              US       Canada/  EC       All Others
                                             Mexico
  one year subscription (8 iss.95   $45.95   $57.97
  sample issue + shipping           $6.95    $6.95    $8.95    $8.95
 
  Twin Cities 128/64 (TC128/64)

  Twin Cities 128/64 (TC128)
  Parsec, Incorporated
  P.O. Box 111
  Salem, MA1
  (508) 745-5855
  Twin Cities 128 is (as of issue #29) published by Parsec, Inc.  It features
  Commodore 128 iand 64 specific information, and attempts to cater to readers
  at all levels of experience, not just novices.  Additionally, starting with
  Issue #31(February/March 1991), Twin Cities 128 comes with a companion disk.

  Subscription rates: (All checks or money order in US funds)

  Type of Subscription              US       Canada/  International
                                             Mexico
  one year subscription with disks  $24.00   $24.00   $36.00
  
  Commodore Network

  Commodore Network Magazine
  Warren Naismith
  9 Wadeson
  St Cobram Victoria
  Australia  3150
 
  In U.S.:

  COMMODORE CEE
| 5443 College Oak Drive #26
| Sacramento, CA 95841
  Jack Vanderwhite@cee-64.wmeonlin.sacbbx.com (Contact)
  ceejack@crl.com (Contact)
  Jack Vanderwhite, editor.
  Fidonet: 1:203/999
| (916) 339-3403 (Bulletin Board System)
  Starting 1/95 subscriptions will be available in the U.S. from Jack
  Vander White at $40.00 per 12 issues.  This is the same as the local
  price in Australia.  Back issues and Compendium volumes will be 
  advertised inon rates: (From Jack Vander White)

  Type of Subscription              US       
                                             
  one year subscription (12 issues) $40.00
  
  64'er (German)

  64'er 
  Magna Media
  Post Fatch 1304
  D-85531 Haar bei Munich
  Germany
  +49 89 4613192 (Voice)
  +49 89 46135001 (Fascimile)
  mmatting@cube.net (E-mail Address)
  +49 89 4613266 (Bulletin Board System)

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              Germany/ Others
                                    Austria/
                                    Switzerland
  one year subscription             DM105.00 DM129.00
  (12 issues @ 64 p each, 12 disks)
  
  Atta Bitar  (8-Bit)  
 
  SUBSCRIPTIONS 
  ]tta Bitar (]=&Aring;)
  c/o Anders Reutersw{rd              ({ = &auml;)
  Runsav{gen 44
  S-161 53  BROMMA
  Sweden
  andersr@dmz.medstroms.se (Internet Contact)
  
  EDITOR
  ]tta Bitar
  c/o Erik Paulson (Editor and Contact)
  \stantorp Fridhem (\ = &Ouml;)
  S-590 90  ANKARSRUM
  Sweden
  
  http://www.mds.mdh.se/~dat95pkn/8bitar/ (WWW URL)
  This is a Swedish magazine that caters to Commodore 64 and 128 users.

  Subscription rates:
  (Subscriptions fees should be payed to postal giro account no. 82 Sweden   Scandinavia
  one year subscription (6 issues)  75.00sek 100.00sek

  The Commodore GEOS Publication
  
  The Commodore GEOS Publication
  713 East Main Street
  Independence, KS  67301-3726
  User oriented magazine.
  
  The Commodore 128/64 Power User Newsletter

  Power User
  GosserGamesLtd. Incorporated
  c/o Thomas Gosser
  P.O. Box 1817
  Shelton, WA  98584
  (360) 426-0750 (Subscriptions and Information)
  (360) 426-2406 (Bulletin Board System)
  128POWERUSER@delphi.com (Email Contact)
  http://www.msen.com/~brain/guest/GGL/cpu.html (WWW URL)
  The Power User newlsetter is a small format (8.5" x 5.5") publication that
  contains Commodore 128 and 64 pertinent information.

+ Subscription rates:

+ Type of Subscription              US       
                                             
+ one year subscription (6 issues)  $15.00   
+ bulk 1 year sub.      (6 issues)  $10.00
ter
    
+ SOFTDISK PUBLISHING
+ P.O. BOX 30008
+ SHREVEPORT, LA  71130-00008
+ Jeff Jones (Associate Editor)
+ EMAIL: loadstar@softdisk.com (Internet Contact)
+ (800) 831-2694 (Phone)
+ (318))
+ (318) 425-4382 (Bulletin Board System)
+ Formerly the printed 8 page insert bundled with every copy of LOADSTAR
+ and LOADSTAR 128, this small magazine is now offered as a separate product.
+ Editted by Scott Egglestone and Jeff Jones,the ads will be replaced
+ with Commodore information.				  

+ Subscription rates:

+ Type of Subscription              US      
                                             
+ LOADSTAR Letter                   $ 12.00
  
  
   4.2.  What paper publications have disappeared?
  
  Although the following magazines are no longer in print, most of the 
  information is still timely.  Some of these publications, such as
  Transactor, are highly sought after for their technical content.  Since
  some programs and information is not republished in newer magazines, these
  old magazines might have the only article about a given topic or problem.
  
  Ahoy!
  
  RUN
  
  Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
  P.O. Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028
  (800) 638-3263 (Credit Card Orders)
  ISSN: 0741-4285
  Jan 1984 - Nov/Dec 1992
  Creative Micro Designs offers back issues of RUN magazine. 
  
  Commodore Microcomputing-Power/Play
  
  GeoVISISON
  
  The Transactor

  Transactor PublicN: 0827-2530 (or 0838-0163?)
  Apr 1978 - 1989
  Sure, it's dead, and has been for a few years, but this one was a classic.
  Calling itself the magazine for Commodore programmers, this magazine was
  enough to make any C64/C128 programmer drool.  Featuring in-depth technical
  information and programming tutorials, as well as "out-of-the-way" topics
  (things along the line of Richard Curcio's 256K and 512K articles that
  appeared in TC128).  If you are a programmer and can get your hands on
  back issues of this magazine, do so.
  
+ An HTML index of Transactor issue is at:
+ http://vanbc.wimsey.com/~danf/cbm/transactor.idx

  Micro-Bytes (Original)

+ Paul McAleer, editor
+ hijinx@xnet.com (Internet Contact)
+ This is the original Micro-Bytes, as published by Paul McAleer.
+ Copies of all issues are available from Paul for the cost of shipping.
+ CHeck out the following URL for more information:
+ http://www.xnet.com/~hijinx/news/mb.htm

+ Micro-Bytes (Greg Noggle's Version)

  Parsec, Incorporated
  P.O. Box 111
  Salem, MA  01970-0111
  (508) 745-5855
  As of 25-May-1992, Parsec, Inc. has taken over the distribution of MB 
  products, and back issues.  More inforn be found in the 
  /pub/cbm/micro-bytes directory on ccnga.uwaterloo.ca. 
  
  COMPUTE'S Gazette

  COMPUTE'S Gazette
  P.O. BOX 3244
  HARLAN, IA 51593-2424
  (800) 727-6937 (Subscription Number)
  tomnetsel@aol.comsel)
  ISSN: 0737-3716
  Jul 1983 - Feb 1995
  Yes, the Gazette is finally shutting down.  They are trying to clear out
  old inventory, so give them a call for back issues.
  
  GEOJOURNAL
  
  COMMODORE CEE Publications
| 5443 College Oak Drive #26
| Sacramento, CA 95841
  EMAIL Jack Vanderwhite@cee-64.wmeonlin.sacbbx.com (Contact)
  Jack Vanderwhite, editor.
  Fidonet: 1:203/999
| (916) 339-3403 (Bulletin Board System)
  COMMODORE CEE has taken over publication of back issues of GEOJOURNAL.

  dieHard

  dieHard subscriptions
  P.O. Box 392
  Boise, ID 83701-0392
  (208) 383-0300 (Information)
  Magazine devoted to all 8-bit Commodore computers.  After the October, 1994
  issue was published, LynnCarthy Industries has not produced another issue.
  The latest information, asz per a press release issued to many of the
  competing magazine, indiciatesn to cease publication is
  effective October 4, 1994.  More information can be read in the actual
  press release, commented by Jack Vanderwhite of Commodore CEE Magazine, on 
  Jim Brain's MAILSERV server.  The file is named dieHard_Press_Release.txt.

  COMPUTE!

  COMPUTE! Publications
  ISSN: 0194-357X

  TPUG (Toronto PET User Group) Magazine

  TPUG Publications
  ISSN: 0825-0367

  Info 64

  The Northwest User's Guide

  Commander

  Optimizer 64

+ Illegal
  
+ In the June issue 1988 of Britain's largest Commodore magazine "Commodore 
+ User", Mike Pattenden wrote about "Illegal": "Basically it revels in its 
+ downright naughtiness, but at the same time it reaffirms the reasoning 
+ behind hacking".  "Illegal" was beyond reasonable doubt the most popular 
+ underground European "cracker" fanzine of the 80's, and a cornerstone of 
+ European outlaw hacking.   Editor Jeff Smart was busted in 1989 and was told 
+ never to publish a cracker fanzine again. Some may think this was just as 
+ good, others may call it violation of the freedom of press. You can judge 
+ for yourself by browsing the back issues at:

+ The Triad "Illegal" archives:
+    http://www.df.lth.se/~triad/Illegal_Archives.html
+ The Electronic Frontier Foundation Computer underground Digest:
+    http://www.eff.org/pub/Publications/CuD/Illegal/
+    ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/Publications/CuD/Illegal/

| Random (64/128 Magazine)

| Random
| 7161 North Maine
| Clovis, CA  93611-8200
| random-mag@genie.geis.com (Contact)
| random-mag@delphi.com (Contact)
| random-mag (GEnie Contact)
| (209) 323-7841 (VoiceMail/Fascimilie)
  
+ The Underground

+ The Underground
+ 4574 Via Santa Maria
+ Santa Maria, CA 93455
+ egglest1@cougarnet.byu.edu (Contact)
+ Scott Eggleston (Editor)
+ Effective August 11, 1996, The Underground will merge with the newly
+ announced LOADSTAR LETTER.  All remaining subscriptions to The Underground
+ will be fulfilled with LL subscriptions.  Scott will stil for $2.50, and Tom Adams (tom.adams@neteast.com) will copy
+ back issues of the "Underware" disk.

+ The Underground was a publication which covered all sorts of Commodore
+ topics.  Each issue usually had two feature articles and two reviews,
+ as well as regular columns on GEOS, telecommunications, programming, news,
+ commentary, and Public Domain and Shareware.  One unique feature to
+ the Underground was "Underware", which was all the PD/SW software
+ mentioned in each issue The Underground was produced using geoPublish
+ and a TI Laser printer, and reproduced on a high-quality copy machine.
 

   4.3.  What is a Disk Magazine?  Where do I find them?
   
  A disk magazine is a publication that comes out as a text file(s) on a
  diskette.  You load the reader program on a computer and view the magazine
  on the computer screen.

  COMMODORE CEE (was CEE-64 Alive!)

  COMMODORE CEE
| 5443 College Oak Drive #26
| Sacramento, CA 95841
  Jack Vanderwhite@cee-64.wmeonlin.sacbbx.com (Contact)
  Jack Vanderwhite, editor.
  Fidonet: 1:203/999
| (916) 339-3403 (Bulletin Board System)
  The magazine covers all the Commodore computer systems  Also, a distibutor
  of both PD and original software in a catalog with magazines and demo issue.
  Distributes the Australian Commodore Network magazine.

  The magazine operates a Bulletin Board for subscribers.  However, anyone
  can log on or download on first access.  Speeds range from 300-14400 bps.
  the bulletin board maintains over 2000 files for the C64 and C128.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       Europe   Australia
                                             
  one year subscription (6 issues)  $36.00   $48.00US Order from Commodore
  (18 disks)                     Network
  demo issue                        $ 3.00   $--.--

  Back Issue Information:

  Volume 1/1992   5 issues             $20.00
  Volume 2/1993   6 issues             $25.00
  Volume 3/1994   6 issues (15 disks)  $30.00
  
  LOADSTAR 64 Monthly and LOADSTAR 128 Quarterly
    
  SOFTDISK PUBLISHING
  P.O. BOX 30008
  SHREVEPORT, LA  71130-00008
  Jeff Jones (Associate Editor)
  EMAIL: loadstar@softdisk.com (Internet Contact)
  (800) 831-2694 (Phone)
  (318) 221-8870 (Fascimile)
  (318) 425-4382 (Bulletin Board System)
  Two disk magazines that feature C64/C128 programs, articles, news, music,
  and graphics.  Available on 3.5" and 5.25" disks.  The 64 magazine is
  currently offering a risk-free issue.  Just call and sign up.  Cancel if
  you are not satisfied.

  LOADSTAR pays a premium price for programs and is looking for good C64
  and 128 programmers.  LOADSTAR also pays for articles.  Call for a risk-free
  issue.  Each issue contains programmer's guidelines in a file called
  LOADSTAR BRIEFS.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       Other
                                             
| LOADSTAR 64 (12 issues)           $ 69.95  $ 89.95
| LOADSTAR 128 (4 issues)           $ 39.95  $ 49.95
| LOADSTAR 64 and 128               $ 99.95  $129.95
  
  Driven
  
  Driven
  Steve Akers, steve@uunet.uu.net (Editor)
  Roger W. Lueck, coolhand@kaiwan.com (Editor)
  Driven is a publication in a single disk file that can be downloaded
  and run on a Commodore 64.  The aim of each issue is to strengthen and unite
  the North American (NTSC) demo scene through dissemination of information 
  about the scene, its participants, and the demos they make. The overall goal
  is to add yet another means of keeping the C64 alive as a whole. 
  
  Each issue contains news about the demos, 
  utilities, etc. get released), contact information for scene members, 
  interviews with demo authors, and demo reviews.  In addition, the 
  magazine offers general interest articles describing C64 resources 
  available on Internet, commercial products, online services, and
  software developers.
  
  Driven is FREE.  Distribution is unlimited and encouraged.  It can be found
  at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/c64/magazines/ and on IRC channel #c-64 on one
  of the many bots.  In addition, the magazine can be retrieved from Corrosion
  of Conformity at (905) 385-8014.  The editors can also uuencode and email 
  each issue to you if wanted.  As a last resort for people unable to find 
  Driven by one of these preferred free routes, you can "subscribe"
  for $2 an issue (maximum of 3 issues at a time, please).  Send subscription 
  requests to:

  Threshold Productions
  17730 15th Ave. NE Suite #229
  Seattle, WA. 98155
  (Each disk will include a few demos and Threshold Production new game 
  previews along with each issue on one disk)

  Vision
  Rick Mosdell, rick.mosdell@canrem.com (E Bottcher (Editor)
  Founded in the summer of 1993, Visions is an all-original and constantly
  improving magazine including not only articles, but also graphics
  of high, medium, and low resolution, as wells and music of all 
  styles.

  A wide variety of information comes on every issue, ranging from
  high-level technical research to social commentary to poetry.  The graphics
  and music in each issue are high quality original work, with the occasional
  classic picture or song.  The musical varieties available in the magazine
  range from classicla to contemporary, including the Vision theme song.

  All these elements are packed into a compact, efficent, and fast reader
  program.  Each issue's articles, music, and graphics are tweaked to
  provide as much effect as possible.

  Vision accepts nearly any subject matter, making it an open forum for 
  writers and reporters of all styles and genres.

  Vision is FREE and can be acquired locally in the Toronto Ontario Canada 
  area on Electric City at 905-793-9699 (C/G board at 1200 8/N/1) or 
  on the Internet at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/c64/magazines/Vision/
   
+ The Commodore Zone

+ Binary Zone PD
+ 34 portland Road
+ Droitwich
+ Worcestershire,
+ WR9 7QW
+ England

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              All
                                             
  5.25" Disk Issue                  UK$3.00
  Tape Issue                        UK$3.00
  

   4.4.  What is an Online Magazine?  Where do I find them?
   
  An online magazine is one which exists in a text file format and can be
  downloaded like a regular file off the network by the user for browsing
  and/or printing.

| Commodore Hacking Electronic Magazine (E-Zine)

  An on-line magazine written by denizens of comp.sys.cbm, this features
  in-depth technical programming information on C64 and C128 computers.  
  The creator and editor of the first 10 issues was Craig Taylor
  (duck@nando.net), and the new editor is Jim Brain
  (brain@mail.msen.com).  The issues of C= Hacking can be found on 
  ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in the directory /pub/cbm/hacking.mag.  Back issues 
  can be retrieved from Jim Brain's mail server (See Section 6.5.2 for 
  directions on how to use the mail server).  If you have World Wide
  Web access, C=Hacking is at:
  
  http://www.msen.com/~brain/chacking/
  http://www.hut.fi/~msmakela/cbm/hacking/
  http://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/~csbruce/HACKING/Hacking.html
  http://www.saturn.uaamath.alaska.edu/~adersoc/c-hacking/
  

   4.5.  Are there other publications I should be aware of?

  No library of publications is complete without some reference materials,mer reference guides, user's guides, machine language tutorials,
  and BASIC tutorials.  
  
  Also, don't overlook the many fine Commodore User's Groups in the world.
  These groups typically publish newslettn and
  help for troubled machines or users.  See Section 15 for a list of Commodore
  User's Groups.

+ Although not a monthly magazine, Donald Ayers publishes GRASSROOTS #1, a
+ 2 sided 5.25" disk compendium of history, help, tips, and information.  The disk
+ costs $3.00 and is available from:

+ GRASSROOTS #1
+ c/o Donald Ayers
+ 75 State Road 270W
+ Sturgis, KY  42459

  The following publications are not "Commodore" publications, but do
  contain Commodore information periodically.
  
  Historically Brewed 
  
  Historical Computer Society
  2962 Park Street #1
  Jacksonville, FL  32205
  "Historically Brewed" is the magazine put out by the Historical Computer
  Society.  From time to time, they have articles on Commodore equipment.
  
  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       
                                             
  one year subscription (6 issues)  $18.00   
  demo issue                        $ 2.00   

  BBS Magazine

  Caller's Digest, Inc.
  701 Stokes Road
  Med5
  (800) 822-0437 (Orders - 8am to 4pm EST - VISA/MC)
  This magazine, while not wholly Commodore oriented, covers all issues of
  BBSing and includes the "Commodore Connections" column by Gaelyne Moranec.

  Subscription rates:

  Type of Subscription              US       Canada/Mexico
                                             
  one year subscription (12 issues) $ 30.95  $50.00
  two year subscription (24 issues) $ 50.95  $90.00
  

   4.6.  How do I know which magazines to subscribe to?

  This list of magazines is included for informational purposes only.
  No attempt by the FAQ maintainer has been made to validate the 
  information contained in this list.  Also, the list is organized in
  a first-come, first-served order.  The ordering does not imply the
  rating of the magazines by the FAQ maintainer, nor does it indicate
  the past or present business status of each magazine.  Due to the
  somewhat dynamic nature of magazines, it is highly recommended that the
  prospective subscriber verify this information before subscribing.

  

-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 3/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 00:36:46 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p3
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part3
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part3
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part3
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1995/08/12
		       	

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

   5.  Connecting Up
   5.1.  How do I connect my computer to the outside world?
   5.2.  What services can I use to get online?
   5.3.  What hardware do I need?
   5.4.  What kinds of terminal programs exist?
   5.4.1.  What kinds of terminal for the 64?
   5.4.2.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 128?
   5.5.  Can I use my Commodore computer on Amateur Radio?
   5.6.  Is there TCP/IP software available for Commodore computers?
   
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
   5.  Connecting Up
   
   
   5.1.  How do I connect my computer to the outside world?
   
  First, we need to define what "outside world" means.  In this sense, we are
  referring to the process of connecting the Commodore computer up to another
  computer or computers and exchanging textual, binary, or graphical 
  information.  To connect to another computer, one must have a
  Commodore computer system, a modem, a phone line, and a telecommunications 
  program (called a terminal emulator or terminal emulation program).
  While you can use this to connect to other individuals, to access great
  stores of online information you need to subscribe to an "online
  service", which can take many forms.  This type of service allows you
  to correspond with many people with a single phone call, and may permit
  you to contact people out of your area without a long distance phone call.
  
   
   5.2.  What services can I use to get online?
   
  The following services can be accessed by a Commodore computer and
  allow the user to access online information.  
  
    Bulletin Board System (BBS).    - Small system usually with one phone
        line operated by an individual. Fees are optional.  For a list of
        BBS systems in your area, contact Myles Skinner for nner@julian.uwo.ca.

    Compuserve Information Service. - CompuServe has two Forums designed
        specifically for Commodore 8-bit computer users.  CBM Applications
        Forum (GO CBMAPP) deals with programming, geoProgramming,
        applications software, telecommunications, CP/M, utilities and
        hardware.  CBM Arts/Games/Music & GEOS Forum (GO CBMART) deals with
        GEOS in general, music (including SidPlayer and MIDI), games,
        graphics and graphics utilities.  Both Forums have full message
        boards and extensive data libraries, and both Forums have weekly
        real-time conferences.

        The CompuServe network is available virtually world wide.  The
        Commodore Forums are attracting increasing membership from Europe
        and Australia, and have begun to tap into the vast variety of
        Commodore files available around the world (some of the best new
        Commodore programs are coming in from EuropeompuServe
        has an extensive network of local numbers throughout the United
        States and Canada and is also available through supplemental
        networks such as SprintNet and DataPac.  The number of direct
        CompuServe connect numbers in Europe is beginning to expand.

        While there is no standalone CompuServe navigator program available
        for Commors, CBMAPP has the CIS.EXE script set that
        automates Dialogue 128 on CompuServe, and also VIDAUT.BIN which will
        virtually automate Vidtex (which is available again through Software
        Support International).  In addition there is OFFLIN.HLP, a text
        file in CBMAPP, that provides a method for semi-automating access
        with any standard comm program and word processor.

        CompuServe's rates are as follows:

        STANDARD PRICING PLAN

        Me:                   $ 9.95/month

        PLAN BENEFITS

        For $9.95, your CompuServe membership entitles you to five free
        hours on the service. This includes forums, mail, and Internet
        access. After your first five hours, additional hours are billed
        at the rate of $2.95/hour.

        For an additional $15 a month, our Super Value Plan adds 15 free
        hours (for a total of 20 hours each month) and each additional
        hour is just $1.95.

        Premium ($) services carry additional surcharges, however, during
        your free hours, you are not charged for connect-time.

        Any communications surcharges apply.

        INTERNET ACCESS
        Direct Internet Access (Dail PPP)
        File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
        Remote Login (Telnet)
        USENET Newsreader ASCII
        USENET Newsreader CIM

        For additional information on the listed services, GO INTERNET.

        MAIL

        CompuServe Mail is billed for connect time. This includes reading
        mail and viewing classified ads. Surcharged areas, such as fax,
        telex and CongressGrams carry additional charges. For a complete
        list of mail services and rates, including hardcopy deliveries
        through the po GO MAILRATES.

        CONNECT-TIME RATES

        Connect-time is billed in one minute increments, with a minimum of
        one minute per session. Partial minutes are rounded each log-in
        session to the next full minute for our billing purposes.

        Comon Systems
        P.O. Box 20212
        Columbus, OH  43220
        (800) 848-8990 (Information)

|   GEnie                           - GEnie is a general interest
+       online service that was previously run by General Electric.  There
+       are four different subscription packages from which a member can 
+       choose:  

+       GenieLite

+       This is a subscription for the occasional user -- someone who 
+       primarily uses e-mail but likes to take occasional journeys into 
+       Genie's RoundTables. 
  
+       Monthly subscription*:  $7.95/month
+       Per hour rate for all Genie services:  $2.75/hour
+       Additional prime time surcharge:  $1.00/hour

+       *GenieLite monthly subscription includes 5 free hours of e-mail use. 

+       Genie

+       This is our standard membership plan and is a tremendous value
+       for any of our members who use more than 6 or 7 hours a month. 

+       Monthly subscr$23.95/month
+       Per hour rate for all Genie services:  $2.75/hour
+       Additional prime time surcharge:  $1.00/hour

+       **Genie monthly subscription includes 9 free hours of Genie
+       services.  Monthly subscription is reduced to $18.95 for anyone who
+       had a Genieccount prior to February 1, 1996.  

+       GenieNet

+       Internet.  There are two different plans under the GenieNet banner: 

+       Option 1
   
+          The GenieNet Option 1 plan gives unlimited access to the Internet
+          but without a graphical interface. This is total, unrestricted,
+          28.8Kbps access to the Internet, WWW, FTP, and Newsgroups. 
 
+          Monthly subscription***:  $15.00/month
+          Per hour rate for all Genie services:  $2.75/hour
+          Additional prime time surcharge:  $1.00/hour

+          *** GenieNet Options 1 & 2 provide UNLIMITED Internet usage. 

+       Option 2

+          The GenieNet Option 2 plan gives unlimited access to the Internet
+          but this time with a graphical interface. In addition to the
+          features offered under Option 1, you'll also get free Netscape
+          Navigator software and the ability to create a personal web page.
    
+          Monthly subscription***:  $29.00/month
+          Per hour rate for all Genie services:  $2.75/hour
+          Additional prime time surcharge:  $1.00/hour

+          *** GenieNet Options 1 & 2 provide UNLIMITED Internet usage. 

+       Note: Two separate e-mail addresses, one on Genie and one on
+       GenieNet, are issued when you select either GenieNet subscription
+       option. 

        The Commodore support area on GEnie is known as the Flagship
        Roundtable.  While there are a few premium services on GEnie that
        charge an extra price, all of the Flagship is available at the basic
        rate. The Flagship RT includes some "Real-Time Conferences" (RTCs)
        featuring classes or discussion of issues associated with Commodore
        computers. Additionally, there is a BB (Bulletin Board), which works
        much like Usenets comp.sys.cbm (only the discussion is broken down
        into categories and topics). Finally, the Flagship has an extensive
        library of Commodore files.

        The BB messages can be read economically by capturing all the new
        messages in a terminal programs capture buffer, and reading the
        messages off-line. Wizard, the C= GEnie fron end, supports this.
 
        Because GEnie is a general interest service,it supports many different
        computers, and you ASCII terminal program to connect to
        GEnie. Wizard is available, but not required. GEnie operates normally
|       at 300 - 28,800 bps.  There are local access numbers across the
        country.
        
e
        401 North Washington Street
        Rockville, MD  20850
        (800) 638-9636 (Information)
 
    Delphi Internet Services.       - Delphi is a commercial system that,
        while small in comparison to other systems, is growing rapidly.  It
        has a large forum dedicated to Commodore computers, as well as access
        to the Usenet and the comp.sys.cbm newsgroup.  Delphi has two plans.
        One, called the Standard Plan, costs $10.00 a month and gives the
        user 4 hours of non-prime time (6PM-7AM) free each month.  Each
        additional hour is $4.00.  The other plan, called the Advantage Plan,
        costs $20.00 a month and gives the user 20 hours of non-prime-time
        free each month.  Each hour over 20 is $1.80.  Access to the Internet
        via Delphi costs an additional $3.00 for both plans each month.
        
        Delphi Internet Services
        1030 Massachusetts Avenue
        Cambridge, MA  02138
        (800) 695-4005 (Information) 
 
    Internet                        - The largest online service.  The 
        Internet is a collection of 4 million machines interconnected using 
        a common protocol called TCP/IP.  This service is the result of a 
        U.S. defense experiment started in the late 1960's.  Due to its 
        distributed nature, the Internet is unlike most other online services.
        In some cases, as in universities, there is no cost to access the 
        "net", as it is called, and some other online services offer access 
        to the Internet.  This is the home of all the FTP sites, the USENET 
        and the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm, Internet email, and the World 
        Wide Web.  When you use these services you are utilizing the Internet.
        
    QuantumLink                     - Q-Link was a Commodore specific 
        telecommunications service.  This service, while booming in the late 
        1980's, has now been discontinued.
        
        There was an effort to retrieve as many of the QuantumLink files
        as could be retrieved.  Email Brenda G4 at b.gann1@genie.geis.com
|       for more information.  Also, a list of ex-Qlink-ers is being 
|       maintained.  If you want to be on the list, send email to
        steward@shell.portal.com or sirfitz@kaiwan.com.
 
   
   5.3.  What hardware do I need?
  
  To access online services you wi Commodore computer
  that is physically able to have a modem of some kind attached to the 
  computer.  The more common C64 and C128 are able to be used with a modem,
  but computers like the Commodore C16, C116, some PETs and some older CBM
  business machines may require significant investments in order to be
  used.  
  
  With a functional computer, you will need a modulator/demodulator
  (modem) unit of some kind.  There are two basic kinds that can be used
  on the Commodore computers:
  
  A standard RS-232 (EIA-232) external modem.
  
  These modems are very common in today's market, as they are usable on all
  computer systems.  They usually are constructed in a small rectangular
  box, have lights across the front, and have either a standard 9 or 25
  pin D-style connector on the back of the unit.  Speeds range from 300bps
  to 28,800 bps and above.  This modem requires an interface cable of some
  kind to connect to the Commodore computer.
  
  A Commodore compatible external modem.
  
  These modems are much less common in today's market.  Originally 
  manufy Commodore, some examples include the C1600 (300bps
  manual dial), C1650 (300bps, pulse dial), C1660 (300bps, DTMF dial), and
  C1670 (1200bps, AT commands, DTMF/Pulse dial).  Although other 
  companies manufacture compems that the maximum speed
  is 2400bps for all models.  This modem style plugs directly into the
  Commodore user port.  
  
  Please note that all speeds marked are maximums.  Most modems will
  operate at any speed up to the maximum.  Most users agree that buying
  a Commodore compatible modem these days is an unwise move, except
  for special circumstances.  The suggestion is to purchase a standard
  modem and an interface to use the modem with the CBM machine.
  
  If you chhose to purchase a standard external modem, you must also
  purchase or build a suitable interface.  There are two major types
  of interfaces:
  
  Simple Cable Interface.
  
  This type of interface merely converts the nonstandard RS-232 pinout
  on the Commodore user port to the standard RS-232 pinout and performs
  voltage level translation as required by RS-232 specifications.  This
  interface can be purchased for $20 to $40 new or built by the user.
  
  There are a number of homemade interfaces available.  The TRANSACTOR
  published an interface in the Nov 87 issue (V8iss3) and Commodore Hacking
  Online Magazine published plans for one in issue 4 (See MailServer section
  for retrieval instructions.  These are both supposed to emulate the
  VIC1011A that C=ny years ago, and you might find one at a
  computer "flea market".  Another version is designed by Stephen Coan.
| Send email to Fred Mueller (fred.mueller@lucent.com) for a copy of 
| the schematic in ASCII format.  The differences between the two is the 
| Transactor one has switchable options for some of the leads and the 
| Coan one is hard wired. (See Section 12.4 and 12.5 for interface designs)

  UART interface.
 
  To use a modem, a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)
  is needed.  When Commodore designed the CBM VIC-20, C64 and C128, they
  emulated a UART in software to keep costs down.  Although this works
  for slower speeds, there is a limit to how fast the software UART can
  function.  For faster access, a real UART is needed.  This type of
  interface provides a complete UART in a cartridge that plugs into the
  expansion port.  To utilize it, all software must be written to take
  advantage of the real UART.  UART interfaces can be purchased from
 nk), HART (HART Cartidge), or built from plans (DataPump).
  (See Section 13.6 for addresses and further information on UART cartridges.)
  
  The decision of which interface to buy depends on the speed of your modem
  and the software you are using.  are UART on the Commodore 64 can handle speeds at up to 2400 bps.
  The software UART of the Commodore 128 can handle speeds at up to 4800 for
  all software and 9600 bps for some very well-written software.
  
  If you are under these maximum limits for your system, the simple interface 
  cable will suffice, and most terminal programs can be used.  
  
  For speeds between 2400 and 9600 bps (4800/9600 and 19200 bps on a C128), a 
  number of options are open.  Some programs can use the simplto allow this faster access.  Newer terminal software may be written 
  to exploit Daniel Dallmann's 9600 bps access technique, which requires 
  some small modifications to the simple interface cable (see Section 12.5 
  for more information).  Finally, some programs allow the use of a UART 
  cartridge.  
  
  For speeds above 9600 bps (19200 on a C128), a UART interface and an 
  appropriate terminal program is your only option. 
  
  
   5.4.  What kinds of terminal programs exist?
  
  There are many types and versions of telecomunications programs (referred
  to as terminal emulation programs or terminal programs).  Some are better
  than others, but individual users will ultimately decide which they
  like best.  Most terminal programs available today are Shareware, but
  some are still sold commercially, and some new commercial terminal
  programs are being sold. 
  
  All of these programs include emulations of the popular terminals such as
  DEC VT100, VT102, VT52, and ANSI.  Also, each includes a number of 
  file transfer protocols (See Section 6.1 for more information on transfer
  protocols).  
  
  
   5.4.1.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 64?
  
  Novaterm 
  
  Novaterm 9.6
  Nick Rossi 
  10002 Aurora Avenue North #1159
  Seattle, WA  98133
  This program, previously marketed as shareware, is now commercial,
| and can be ordered from Mr. Rossi for $29.95 US.
| voyager@eskimo.com (Contact)
+ http://wwweskimo.com/~voyager/novaterm.html
| The 9.5 version is available as shareware at 
  ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/voyager/Novaterm/nova9.5-?.sfx
  
  Kermit
  
  Kermit 2.2
  Ken16611 NE 26th Street
  Bellevue, WA  98008
  $12.50 US for the program, now at version 2.2.
  Note that Columbia University holds the copyright for the Kermit Terminal
  Software.  You can get a copy of the Commodor
  ftp://ftp.cs.columbia.edu/archives/kermit/c64*   (for speeds up to 1200 bps)
  ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/telecomm/KERMIT/kermit-Notes.txt
                                                   kermit-v2.2a.sda
                                                   kermit-v2.2b.sda
for 1660 modem users)                      kermit-c1660.sda
       (for Swiftlink/DataPump modem users)        kermit-v2.2s.sda

 
   5.4.2.  What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 128?
   
  Desterm
  
  Desterm 2.0/2.1
  Matt Desmond
| mdesmond@ionline.net
+ http://www.ionline.net/~mdesmond/desterm.html
  For more information on DesTerm or to get a copy by mail, contact Matt.
  
  Bob's Term Pro
  
  Dialogue 128
  
  Wave
  
  Click Here Software
  Maurice Randall
  ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/INCOMING/telecom/
  A GEOS 128 high speed terminal program.  Demo available at above address.
   
   
   5.5.  Can I use my Commodore computer on Amateur Radio?
  
  Yes you can.  If you want to use your CBM system as a terminal for a
  standard RS-232 compatible packet radio Terminal Node Controller (TNC),  
  you can hook it up in the same way as a modem.  See Section 5 for more
  information on how to connect your Computer to a modem.
  
  In addition, the ICHPUG User Group (see Section 15 for address) has
  an extensive library of files for the C64/128 relating to Amateur Radio.
  
  If you would l Commodore 64 as a Amateur Radio repeater
  controller, Engineering Cosulting manufacturers such an item:
  
  Engineering Consulting
  583 Candlewood Street
  Brea, CA  92621
  Robert Blumenkranz (Contact)
  radiobob@earthlink.net (Contact)
  http://www.earthlink.net/users/engcon/webdocs/
  
    
   5.6.  Is there TCP/IP software available for Commodore computers?
   
   Unfortunately, there is none at this time.  However, the following
   information is available:
   
   Jim Brain has performed tests that demonstrated the ICMP and IP
   protocol layers.  Daniel Dallmann has now verified these
   tests and both of them, as well as Cameron Kaiser, are independently
   working on a TCP/IP protocol stack for the Commodore 64.  
   


-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 4/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 00:41:53 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p4
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part4
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part4
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part4
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1996/08/12
             	       	

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

   6.  The Online Information Reservoir
   6.1.  How do I download?  What is a transfer protocol?
   6.2.  What is the difference between PETSCII and ASCII?
   6.3.  Where can I find Commodore programs?
   6.4.  What ison, and what do they stand for?
   
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


   6.  The Online Information Reservoir
   
   How true this is.  There is information everywhere online, just
   waiting to be accessed and used.at the information
   can be a time consuming process.  
   
   6.1.  How do I download?  What is a transfer protocol?
  
  To transfer files for another computer (another 64 or 128, UNIX, OS/2, 
  DOS, MVS, VMS, Amiga, Atari, or other), you should use a transfer protocol.
  Although it is possible to transfer files by turning on the terminal
  program's capture buffer and receiving the file, this is not very
  reliable and is prone to errors.  When transferring any sizable amount of
  data, one should use some sort of error-correcting file transfer protocol.
  A file transfer protocol splits a file into many pieces, or "packets", and
  send a number of them at a time.  It then waits for an acknowledgement from 
  the receiver that the received received the packets correctly.  At this
  point, the sender send the next batch of packets.  This process is
  repeated until the entore file is transmitted.  Each packet contains
  computed checksums and other error detection bytes to ensure the
  received data is not corrupt.
  
  Below are descriptions for some of the more popular protocols:
   
  C1 (commonly called Punter Protocol)
  
  C1 is a Commodore specific transfer protocol that used to be the
  standard for file transfer.  However, with the increase in IBM-based
  bulleting board, it has been replaced by other protocols.  Most Commodore
  BBS systems still offer C1 (usually called Punter in the list) other BBS systems have support for it.  There is, however, a 
  C1 protocol transfer program for MS-DOS called puntr104.zip.  
  
  KERMIT

  KERMIT is the name of one of the oldest file transfer protocols.  KERMIT
  is unique in that it can encode the file being transmitted so that
  it does not contain any bytes greater than 128 and does not contain any
  special control bytes that terminals use to perform special actions.  As
  such, this protocol is the most robust, but it is also the slowest.  
  A common statement is, "if you can't KERMIT it, you can't get it"

  XMODEM

  XMODEM comes in several varieties.  Standard XMODEM sends files in 128 byte
  packets.  There are two standard error-correction methods with XMODEM
  checksum and CRC.  CRC is the more modern of the two.  There is also a
  version of XMODEM which supports 1K-byte packets.  This version is most
  commonly known as XMODEM-1K, but is sometimes erroneously called YMODEM.

  YMODEM
  
  YMODEM is a "batch" XMODEM protocol, allowing you to transfer multiple
  files in one operation.
  
  ZMODEM

  A new file transfer protocol is ZMODEM.  ZMODEM is theoretically the 
  fastest transfer protocol, but only shows a speed gain over the others
  on noise-free telephone lines.  It achieves this speed increase by only
  replying to the sender about the bad packets.  
  
  Most terminal programs support PUNTER, XMODEM, XMODEM-1K, YMODEM, and 
  KERMIT.  The Kermit terminal program only supports KERMIT, and Novaterm, 
  as of version 9.5, supports ZMODEM receives, but not sends.
   
   
   6.2.  What is the difference between PETSCII and ASCII?
  
  (Note that the Amiga line of computers uses the ISO 8859-1 character
  set, so this does not apply to Amiga computers)
  
  When Commodore designed the PET line of computers, they chose for the 
  character set encoding a special encoding called PETSCII.  This set is
  similar but not the same as the American Standard Code for Information
  Intercahnge (ASCII).  Now, this does not cause any 
  problem when transferring information between or among Commodore
  computers (except the Amiga, which I believe uses ASCII), but causes
  problems when exchanging information with othe computer types.
  
  The obvious solution is for all Commodore users to translate incoming
  information into PETSCII from ASCII when talking to another type of
  computer.  However, this effectively ruins binary files, which have
  no concept of character codes.  Therefore, the rules are:
  
  Do not translate when exchanging binary files with any computer 
  
  Translate all textual information exchanged with non-Commodore computers.
  
  Translate textual information exchanged with Commodore computers only
  if they are translating it as well.
  
  If  a text file you retrieve looks like the uppercase letters should
  be lowercase and vice versa, then the file is in ASCII and needs to
  be converted to PETSCII.
  
   
   6.3.  Where can I find Commodore programs?
   
   Commodore programs are available from a number of sources.  For commercial
   software, please see Section 15.1 for a list of software dealers.  For
   shareware and public domain, you can use FTP 9), electronic
   mail (Section 6.5.2), and bulletin board system in addition to the 
   software dealers to download or buy programs and other software.
  
   
   6.4.  What is a file extension, and what do they stand for?
 
  A file extension is a 1 or more letter suffix appended to the end of a file
  name to indicate the type of file it is.  The extension usually indicates
  the contents of a file.  The list below describes some more common file
  extensions, what they are used for, and how to use the file.
    
  Please note that these file extensions are not Commodore-exclusive.  Many
  computers use file extensions.  Also note that some file extensions
  are cumulative.  IF a file is named "filename.tar.gz", this indicates that
  the file is of type "gz", and the file(s) inside the gz file are of type
  "tar".  To use this file, one would note that both extension are 
  archival extensions.  One would undo the "gz" archival method to restore
  the "filename.tar" archive, then undo the "tar" archival method to restore
  the original file.
  
  Extension:    Meaning:            Notes:
  -----------------------------------------
  .txt          Text File           This file is not compressed, so it needs
                                    no decompression step.  However, the file
                                    may be in either ASCII or PETSCII format,
                                    so a conversion step may be necessary.
                                    Most terminal programs can do this
                                    conversion, and there are stand-alone
                                    programs that do the necessary conversion
                                    also.

  .sda          Self-Dissolving     Just load and run the .sda file to
                Archive             dissolve the archive.  Will dissolve
                                    itself into its constituent files.
                                    C64 and C128 .sda files are not
                                    compatible with each other.

  .sfx          Self-Extracting     Load and run just like a .sda file.
                Archive             The same archive can be extracted on
                                    either a C64 or a C128, memory permitting.

  .arc          ARChive             Use the program arc250.4 or earlier
                                    for the 64 or arc128 for the 128 to
                                    dissolve the archive.  arc128 is available
                                    as part of the CS-DOS package.  Other
                                    de-archive programs may exist.

  .lzh          LHArchive           Use the program lhx in CS-DOS on the
                                    128 to dissolve this archive.  These
                                    are not very common.  This archive
                                    uses the same format as .sfx files,
                                    but is not self-extracting.  It is
                                    a standard format also used by
                                    Amiga (and MS-DOS) computers.  This
                                    format originated on the PC.

  .lnx          Lynx Archive        The above formats all compress files when
                                    storing them; Lynx just stores them.
                                    There are many different versions of
                                    Lynx out there, so good luck dissolving
                                    these.

  .lbr          Library Archive     A format similar to lynx.  Library
                                    dissolving programs exist for both the
                                    64 and 128 to dissolve these.

  .uue          UUEncoded file      UUencoding is a process whereby a binary
                                    file can be converted to an all-text
                                    file, transferable by E-mail.  This
                                    encoded file can later be UUDecoded back
                                    to the original binary file.  Unix
                                    has uuencoding/decoding utilities.
                                    A program "uuxfer" for the
                                    C64 (by Fuzzy Fox) will both uuencode
                                    and uudecode.  Note that the contents of
                                    uue file could be another archived file.

  .uua          UU archive          An extension of uuencoding, a uuarchive
                                    file is a concatenation of one or more
                                    UUEncoded files.  So far as I know, this
                                    was introduced by Craig Bruce in his ACE
                                    shell for the C=128, and the utilities
                                    included with that shell create and
                                    dissolve uuarchives.

  .kar          Kevin's Archive     Another text archive format that seems
                                    to have originated with Craig Bruce,
                                    this is a proscription for concatenating
                                    a series of text files (which can include
                                    uuencoded files) into one file.  More
                                    information can be found in C. Bruce's
                                    documentation for his ace shell.

  x!<file>      ZIPCoded file       ZIPCode is a program that takes an entire
                                    disk and "compacts" it into 4 files that
                                    have a number followed by a '!' and then
                                    a filename.  Also, ZipCode can compress
                                    files, in which case the x is a letter
                                    (a,b,c,d) and there need not be 4 files.
                                    If ZipCode has compressed individual 
                                    files, there will be an "i!" or 
                                    "x!"-prefixed file on the disk that holds
                                    the directory of the file compressed.  To
                                    make things even more confusing, there
                                    are two versions of ZipCode (v1 and v2).
                                    The newer version will accept v1 archives,
                                    but not vice-versa.  Use ZipCode v2 to
                                    unpack such archives.

+ <file>_x.z64  ZIPCoded file       This is just another way of naming the
+                                   above x!<file> ZIPcode files so they can
+                                   be placed on UNIX/DOS machines easier.
+                                   The files mst be renamed to x!<file> 
+                                   before decompression.

  x!!<file>     ZIPCode 6-pack      This is a ZIPCode archive that takes an
                                    entire disk and puts it into 6 files,
                                    each file containing GCS codes and header
                                    info for the tracks.  This is basically
                                    a nybble copier that stores the data it
                                    receives from the disk into files.

  .bco          BCODEd file         BCODing is very similar to UUencoding in
                                    that a binary file is converted into an
                                    all-text format that is 33% larger than
                                    the original.  The difference is that the
                                    BCODE format provides additional
                                    information for error detection and
                                    automatic data segmentation and
                                    reordering.  C-code versions of "bcode"
                                    and "unbcode" are available via FTP and
                                    Commodore versions are prov
                                    ACE-128/64.

  .zip          ZIP archive         Zip is a file format used on IBM
                                    platforms and is created by the PKZip
                                    program that is available for some
                                    platforms.  There are two forms of zip
                                    files that have the same extension.
                                    Both are created by different versions of
                                    PKZip.  The first, version 1.01, can be
                                    dissolved on a 64 by using the program
                                    UNZIP64.  The second, newer format is
                                    version 2.04, which cannot be dissolved by
                                    UNZIP64.  Your best solution when in doubt
                                    is to dissolve the files on another
                                    platform.  For the 128, there is a version
                                    of the UNZIP64 program, called UNZIP128
                                    that has been modified to run in 128 mode.
                                    It is in a file called NZP12817.SFX.  This
                                    archive also has a 64 version.
 
  <file>]x      Compression Kit     x = 4,7,8, cmd, or c(xx) to denote type
                Archive             of media that was compressed.  The files
                                    can be extracted only with The Compression
                                    Kit, from Mad Man Software.
 
  .tar          TAR Archive         UNIX Tape ARchiver.  This program can be
                                    used to archive files as well.  The file
                                    must be decoded using tar.
 
  .Z            Compress archive    Compress is a program on UNIX that will
                                    shrink a single file.  It is usually used
                                    on .tar files in UNIX to reduce their
                                    size.  The file must be decoded by the
                                    uncompress program, available on UNIX, PC,
                                    Mac and other platforms.
                                    Also, a very old version of GNU Zip used
                                    this extension, although the file is not
                                    fully compatible with the compress format.
 
  .gz           GZIP Archive        GZIP is a free program developed by the
                                    Free Software Foundation to freely shrink
                                    their software.  the resulting file must be
                                    decoded by GUNZIP, available on many
                                    platforms, before using.
 
  .taz          Compressed TAR      This is a file that should have the
                                    extension "tar.Z", but has been shortened
                                    for MS-DOS.  Run uncompress, then tar on
                                    this file.
                                    
  .tgz          Gzipped Tar File    This is a file that should have extension
                                    tar.gz, but has been shortened for MS-DOS
                                    Run gzip or similar on the file, then tar.

  .gif          Graphics            This is a compressed graphics format 
                Interchange         created by Compuserve.  To view this file,
|               Format              one must find a GIF viewer program:
+                                   GEOGif.SFX  - Converts GIF to GEOPaint.
+                                   VGIF.SFX    - 64 mode viewer.
+                                   GDS.SFX     - 128 mode viewer.

  .jpeg         Joint               This graphics format can use one of two
                Photographers       compression algorithms.  One, called DPCM
                Expert              (Differential Pulse COde Modulation) 
                Group               retains all of the information in the 
                                    original file, which is usually a picture.
                                    The more common algorithm, called DCT
                                    (Discrete Cosine Transform), relies on the
                                    inability of the human eye to distinguish
                                    among some "throws away" some
                                    information in the file (picture), while
                                    still retaining the essence of the picture.
                                    To view these pictures, one must either
                                    obtain a JPEG veiwer or convert them to
                                    GIF format.
                                     
  .jpg          JPEG                This is an MS-DOS named .jpeg file.
  
  .tiff         Tagged              This is a graphics format used on high
                Image               performance workstations.  To view this
                File                graphics format, you will need to convert
                Format              something else.

  .pcx          IBM Picture         This is graphics format used in DOS on 
                                    IBM machines.  Convert this file to a
                                    GIF file to view.
  
  .pict         Mac PICTure         This is a graphics format used on Apple
                                    Macintosh machines.  Convert this file 
                                    to a GIF file to view.
  
  .d64          1541 Disk Image     This file stores an image of one entire
  .x64                              disk, for use with Commodore emulator
                                    programs.  Several programs exist to 
                                    extract the image onto a disk or place a
                                    disk onto an image.  The only difference
                                    between the .x64 and .d64 file types is an
                                    added 64 byte header on a .x64 file.

  .t64         DataSette Image      This file is analogous to the .d64 file
                                    type, but for tapes.
  
  .p00          PC64 (Emulator)     This file encapsulates a Commodore program
                Program File Image  or data file.  To extract the original 
                                    file, remove the first 26 characters.  In 
                                    addition to .p00, there is .s00 (SEQ), and
                                    .u00 (USR) files, but are very rare.
  
  .bmp          Windows Bitmap      This is a format used for graphics in
                                    Microsoft Windows and OS/2.  Convert this
                                    file to a GIF to view.
  
  .pbm          Portable Bitmap     
  
  .xbm          X bitmap            This is a format used for graphics on the
                                    X windowsing system.  Convert this file
                                    to a GIF to view.
  
  .html         HyperText           This is a WWW hypertext document.  To
                Markup              view this file, you will need a WWW
                Language            browser of some kind.  See Section 6.8 
                                    for more information on WWW.
  
  .doc          Document            This file could be a word processing file
                                    from a program like Word for Windows, 
                                    Wordperfect, or any other word processor.
                                    Also, some text files that contain 
                                    documentation use this extension.
 
  .cvt          GEOS file           GEOS files use a special file format. The
                                    files are called USR files, but they have
                                    special information in the file that
                                    normal files don't, so you cannot just
                                    upload a GEOS file like any SEQ or PRG
                                    file. You can pack all the extra
                                    information and the data into a regular
                                    Commodore SEQ or PRG file with a program
                                    Called Convert.  It has a version 2.5 and
                                    a 3.0.  The files that result from this
                                    conversion have the extension.  The file
                                    must be processed again by Convert before
                                    it can be used with GEOS.

  .N64           64NET file         Since the 64NET system works by allowing
                                    an MS-DOS machine to be used as a large
                                    disk drive, a way was developed to map
                                    CBM filenames into the MS-DOS limitations.
                                    The .N64 filenames indicates such a file.

+ .D71           64NET GEOS File    These are 64NET extensions used to
+ .D81                              emulate a 1571 and 1581 disk drive,
+                                   respectively, under GEOS.

  If the file type indicates an archive, there are many programs available
  that will handle most archival methods. One of these is called Omega-Q II,
  which includes one-stop compression and decompression of many of the above
  archival types.
  
  If you use a host system to download the files from, you may want to
  decompress the files before downloading.  Even though the files will be
  larger to download, the time to decompress them offline will not be a
  factor.  However, those who pay by-the-minute for download time would
  probably want the smallest possible file, which implies decompressing on
  the local machine, except in the case of a UU encoded file.  These files
  are actually bigger in the 'UU' format.

  

-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 5/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 00:47:27 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p5
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part5
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part5
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part5
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1996/08/12
		       	

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

   6.5.  What is electronic mail?
   6.5.1.  What are mailing lists and how do I join one?
   6.5.2.  What is a Mail Server?  How do I use one?
   6.5.3.  How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?
   6.6.  What is US What is a USENET newsgroup?
   6.6.1.  What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines? 
   6.6.2.  What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?
   6.6.3.  Which issues does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?
   6.6.4.  How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?
|  ad comp.sys.cbm thro email?
+  6.6.6.  How can I read comp.sys.cbm through WWW?
   6.7.  What is a FidoNET echo?
   6.7.1.  What echoes cater to Commodore 8-bit machines? 
   6.7.2.  How do I post in an echo?
   6.8.  What is the World Wide Web?
   6.8.1.  What WWW sites have Commodore information?
   have Telnet WWW Browsers?
   6.9.  What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
   6.9.1.  What FTP sites have Commodore Information?
   6.9.2.  What is an FTP Mail Server?  How do I use one?
   6.9.3.  How do I send files to an FTP site?
   6.10. What is Internet Relay Chat (IRC)?
   6.11. What else is available online?
   
  -------------------------------------------------------------------


   6.5.  What is electronic mail?
   
  Electronic mail is the online equivalent of post office mail.  Although
  email is a general term, its use is usually meant to mean "Internet email".
  To use email, you must have access to an internet email program.  On UNIX,
  these programs are called mail, elm, or pine.  BBS systems usually have a 
  special message area for Internet email.  You address a message to a user
  by using his or her internet email address, which is usually of the form
  name@machine_name.doamin_name.type_of_institution_or_country.  An example
  would be brain@mail.msen.com, which would be user "brain" at machine "mail"
  in doamin "msen" and the type "com" which means company or commercial.
  
  After addressing the message and choosing a sutiable subject, the body of
  the message is written with information meaningful to the addressee.
  Usually this information is textual in nature and reads much like a 
 is possible to mail people binary files.  To do this, you need access
  to a program called uuencode.  Most, if not all UNIX machines have this
  command available, and there are versions available for IBM, Amiga, and
  Macintosh. There is also a version of uuencode available for the
  Commodore 64 and 128 as part of the ACE 128/64 OS replacement. (See section
  8.3)  The uuencode program takes a binary file and expands it so that
  it only contains 7-bit ASCII characters.  This resulting file can then be
  mailed to a recipient, who then uses a similar program called uudecode
  that will transform the uuencoded file into the resulting binary file.
  This encoding technique is a standard one used across multiple platforms.
  If you want to send a file to another Commodore owner, you can use bcode,
  which is a Commodore-specific encoding available in ACE 128/64.

    
   6.5.1.  What are mailing lists and how do I join one?
   
  A mailing list o a USENET newsgroup like comp.sys.cbm, in that
  it provides a place for people to talk among each other and ask questions.
  The difference is that the mechanism used is mail.  You mail a message off
  to the list, the messagts sent out to all members of that list,
  they read and reply to the list, and the process repeats.  It is used for
  topics that are considered temporary or topics that have a limited scope and
  may not sustain an entire newsgroup being devoted to them.  It may also
  be used when people want to privately discuss some issue.

  There are a number of Commodore 8-bit mailing lists for you to join:

  cbm-unix - This is a list devoted to the discussion of alternate operating
             systems for the Commodore line that have the familiar UNIX
             shell look-and-feel. You can join this one by sending mail to
             mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:

             subscribe cbm-unix Jim Brain                 <use your own name>
             review cbm-unix          <this will show you who is on the list>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

             you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
             cbm-unix@lists.funet.fi.

  old-cbm -  This is a list devoted to discussions of older Commodore
             equipment.  Typically, this list discusses issues concerning
             PETs, the VIC-20, Plus 4 and C16, and other lesser used
             machines.  You can join this one by sending mail to
             mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:

             subscribe old                <use your own name>
             review old-cbm           <this will show you who is on the list>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

             you can then send mail to the lisressing it to:
             old-cbm-unix@lists.funet.fi.

  c64-hackers - I do not know much about this list other than it is used to
             discuss issue realting to timing and special opcodes used in
             Commodore programs. You can join this list by sending mail to
             mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:

             subscribe c64-hackers Jim Brain              <use your own name>
             review c64-hackers       <this will show you who is on the list>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

             you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
        .funet.fi.

  commodor - This is a list that is for all Commodore 8-bit computer
             discussion.  This list mirrors most of the discussion on
             comp.sys.cbm, so I would post to both places. You subscribe
             by sending a mail msg to:
             listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu with the message:

             subscribe commodor Jim Brain                 <use your own name>
             review commodor          <this will show you who is on the list>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>

             you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
             commodor@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu

  c65 -      This is a list that discusses the various aspec
             Commodore C65 Prototype system.  There are files and
             information available through this list to C65 owners.  Note
             that this is NOT the list to ask where a C64 can be purchased
             from, since the C65 is not a product, per se, as all available
             units were in-house prototypes liquidated at a warehouse.
             You can subscribe by sending a mail msg to:
             c65list-request@dce.vic.gov.au with the subject:
 
             subscribe
 
             You can then send mail to the list by address it to:
 ic.gov.au 
 
  c=hacking - This list is set up to automatically mail out the latest copy
             of Commodore Hacking Online Magazine upon publication.  It is run
             through Jim Brain's mailserver.  You can subscribe by sending
             a mail message to:
 
             brain@mail.msen.com with a subject line of:
  MAILSERV with a message of:

             subscribe c=hacking Jim Brain                <use your own name>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>
             
  trivia -   This list is set up to automatically mail out the latest copy
             of the Commodore Trivia as sublished on USENET.
             through Jim Brain's mailserver.  You can subscribe by sending
             a mail message to:
 
             brain@mail.msen.com with a subject line of:

             MAILSERV with a message of:

             subscribe trivia Jim Brain                   <use your own name>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>
             
  cbm-main-faq - This list is set up to automatically mail out any major
             updates to this Frequently Asked Questions List.  It is run
             through Jim Brain's mailserver.  You can subscribe by sending
             a mail message to:
 
             brain@mail.msen.com with a subject line of:

             MAILSERV with a message of:

             subscribe cbm-main-faq Jim Brain             <use your own name>
             help                     <this will explain how to use the list>
             
  c64coders - This list is for Commodore 64 coders.  Not much is known about
             the list, but here is how to message to:
             c64coders-request@uclink2.berkeley.edu with a subject line of:
              
             subscribe.
              
  6502 C compiler - This list is set up to discuss writing a C compiler
             for the 6502.  To subscribe send a message to:
              	     
             majordomo@solar.miya.cs.it-chiba.ac.jp
             
             with subject of:
             
             subscribe 6502cc
             	       
             You can send messages to the list by addressing them to:
             
             6502cc@solar.miya.cs.it-chiba.ac.jp
	     
   
   6.5.2.  What is a Mail Server?  How do I use one?
  
  A couple of people are running servers that will respond to email requests.
  Each have a limited amount of files available.  To access them send the
  following email:
  
  To:  brain@mail.msen.com
  Subject: MAILSERV
  Message Body:

  help
  quit

  That will return a list of commands.  Currently the following commands 
  are supported:

  help               retrieves a list of a
  catalog            retrieves a list of files currently available.
  send <filename>    retrieves the file <filename>
  subscribe list_name Firstname Lastname
                     subscribes the user to a mailing list.

   
   6.5.3.  How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?
  rvices have gateways to the Internet.  To send a message to
  someone on the following services, make sure they can receive Internet mail
  and address the message as follows:

  Service       Username        Internet Address

  Compuserve    12345,678       12345.678@compuserve.com
  GEnie         j.smith2        j.smith2@genie.geis.com
  Delphi        jsmith          jsmith@delphi.com

  FidoNet is special, since there are many fidonet nodes, so you need the
  specific node information for the system that the recipient is on.  Assume
  that Jim Brain is on a fido BBS that is node 115 on network 233 in zone
  1. (denoted in FIDO as 1:233/115)  The address would be:

  FidoNet       Jim Brain       Jim.Brain@f115.n233.z1.fidonet.org
  
  If the fido address is a point on a FIDO network (denoted as 1:233/115.200),
  then the address would be:

  FidoNet       Jim Brain       Jim.Brain@p200.f115.n233.z1.fidonet.org

  
   6.6.  What is USENET or NetNews?  What is a USENET newsgroup?
   
   USENET is a service on the Internet that presents a variety
   of forums in which to place messages.  It can be viewed as the online
   equivalent of a set of bulleting "corkboards", like those in a hallway.
   Each corkboard or "newsgroup" caters to a diff  place or "post" messages to the newsgroup for others to read, or followup
   to posts on the newsgroup.  
   
   
   6.6.1.  What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines? 
  
 thing to discuss here is the dividing line between Commodore
  models.  All Commodore computers up to, but not including, the Commodore
  Amiga or the Commodore line of IBM PC Compatible computers, are
  discussed in comp.sys.cbm, which is what this FAQ covers.  The Amiga line
  of computers is covered in the separate newsgroups comp.sys.amiga.*,
  where the '*' indicates that there are a number of groups that match that
  name. The IBM PC Compatible computers are discussed in comp.sys.ibm-pc.*.

  comp.sys.cbm -
  
  This unmoderated newsgroup discusses all topics concerning Commodore
  8-bit machines, including everything from the KIM-1 to the Commodore
  65.  This is the flagship USENET newsgroup.
  
  comp.binaries.cbm  - 
  
  This moderated groups permits the distribution of uuencoded binary files 
  for the Commodore 8-bit computers.  The moderator is Mike Miller 
  (mmmiller3@gac.edu).  If you have a favorite program you wish to put up for 
  distribution, please download and read the comp.binaries.cbm FAQ (posted in 
  its respective group).  
  
  comp.emulators.cbm -
  
  This unmoderated newsgroup was created in 1994 for those who wish to
  run one of the many emulation programs available on other machines that
  emulate the C64.  This forum seems to be more appropriate for questions
  concerning operation on "foreign" hardware and file types.

  zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.allgemein -
  
  This is a German newsgroup that discusses much ofas
  comp.sys.cbm.  "allgemein" = general.  
  
  zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.binaer -
  
  This German newsgroup parallels the function of comp.binaries.cbm.
  "binaer" = "binary".  
  
  zer.t-netz.c64 -
  
  This is a general discussion group for the c64 computer.  It has the
  description 'Der am weitesten verbreitete Rechner', which means "The most
  widely used/most popular computer."
  
  zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.hardware
  
| This German newsgroup discusses hardware topics relating to the C64 and
  C128.		       
  
+ zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.programmieren -
  
+ This german newsgroup discusses programming, mostly demo stuff.
    
+ zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.spiele -
  
+ This german newsgroup discusses games, high scores, tips, new releases,
+ old scores, etc.
  
+ zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.virus -
  
+ This german newsgroup discusses the very few viruses that have been
+ created for the 64.
  			      
   
   6.6.2.  What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?
   
  Any discussions about Commodore machines excluding the Commodore Amiga
  line, the Commodore IBM PC Clone line are encouraged in comp.sys.cbm
  These machines are commonly referred to as the Commodore 8-bit line, 
  whereas the Amiga and PC line is not 8-bit.  Please make sure any question 
  you intend on posting is not already answered in this FAQ.  Also, when 
  posting a troubleshooting question about inoperative equipment, please give 
  as much detail as possible.  Be considerate of others in the group and keep 
  questions not pertaining to some aspect of Commodore 8-bit machines and 
  peripherals out of comp.sys.cbm.  The group does realize, however, that a 
  large percentage of Commodore 8-bit owners also own another computer system 
  and might have questions about interfacing or emulations.  Just use your 
  own good judgement.


   6.6.3.  Which issues does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?
   
  Although comp.sys.cbm discusses all Commodore 8-bit machines at times,
  the C64 and C128 get most of the attention.

  An overview of the subjects discussed in comp.sys.cbm is available at
  http://qiclab.scn.rain.com/pub1/overview/comp/sys/cbm/.overview

   
   6.6.4.  How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?
   
  You first need to access the newsgroup comp.sys.cbm through the use of
  newsreader.  There are many available in UNIX with names like rn, nn, tin,
  and trn.  I can't begin to tell you what command each uses to construct
  a posting, but your machine administrator should be able to tell you.
  All posts should contains relevant Summary and Keyword info, as well as
  a descriptive title.  If you are posting a followup to an existing article,
  and are quoting the article, please only quote the relevant portions of the
  existing article.

  If you find that you cannot post to a newsgroup via your newsreado
  have Internet electronic mail capabilities, you can post to the newsgroups
  via e-mail.  For example, to posts a message to COMP.SYS.CBM, simply mail the
  message to either comp.sys.cbm@anon.penet.fi , comp.sys.cbm@news.demon.co.uk,
  comp.sys.cbm-news@newsbase.cs.yale.edu.  It is probably best to use the 
  latter two addresses, since the other is an anonymous posting service, so 
  people won't know who originated the post.  Such disguises are 
  unnecessary in the CBM newsgroups.

   
|  6.6.5.  How can I read comp.sys.cbm through email?
   
  If you do not have access to the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm and do have 
  access to Internet email, Allen Smith has graciously set up a list server
  that will mail each day's postings to you.  To use this service, email
  listserv@compsmth.soonet.ca with NO subject and ONLY   
   
  SUBSCRIBE comp-sys-cbm   

  in the body (no leading spaces, no signature) to use this service.

+ Jim Brain has graciously set up a server for those without USENET access
+ to read the three main CBM newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm, comp.emulators.cbm,
+ and comp.binaries.cbm.  Again, this service is ONLY for those without
+ other means to read USENET.  To use this service, email brain@mail.msen.com
+ with the subject of MAILSERV and the following in the message:

+ subscribe comp.sys.cbm Firstname Lastname msglen*

+f lines you can receive in an email message.
+ All fields MUST be filled in.     

+ To subscribe to one of the other 2 CBM newsgroups, substitute the
+ newsgroup's name for comp.sys.cbm in the above line.


|  6.6.6.  How can I read comp.sys.cbm through WWW?

+ (See Section 6.8 for a definition of WWW)

+ You can view articles and articles titles through the DejaNews service:

+ http://dejanews.dejanews.com/


   6.7.  What is a FidoNET echo?
  
  FidoNET is a "grass roots" network that originated to link bulletin board
  systems across the country together.  Unlike the Internet, which uses
  dedicated phone lines at high speeds to implement its network, FidoNET uses
  regular phone lines at normal modem speeds that are not dedicated to 
  providing networking to link the machine on FidoNET together.  FidoNET
  allows the exchange of messages in message bases called "echoes" among
  various boards.  To use the FidoNET echoes, you must connect to a system
  that has FidoNET access.  It is not possible to describe all the features
  of FidoNET in this FAQ, so you should consult your local User Group or BBS
  sysop for more info.  
  
  The FidoNET echoes are similar to USENET newsgroups, althous
  have more strict rules about content and topics.
  
   
   6.7.1.  What echoes cater to Commodore 8-bit machines? 
   
  The relevant echoes for Commodore users are:
  
  CBM          Commo28 News and Discussions
| CBM-128      Commodore 128 specific News and Discussions
| CBM-GEOS     GEOS News and Discussions
  PCWRITE      Cross Platform Computing, including C64 emulators
  CBM.GER      German Fido area for CBM discussion.
  R20_8BITAR   Sweden echo for all 8-bit CBMs.
  
   
   6.7.2.  How do I post in an echo?
   
  Echoes are usually posted in the same way that you would mail a BBS
  message in any other area, although the BBS may operate differently.
  It is best to follow any online directions or consult the local BBS sysop
  for more details.
   
   6.8.  What is the World Wide Web?
   
  The World Wide Web (WWW or W3) is a Internet-wide Hypertext document 
  retrieval and display system.  To use WWW, you must have access to a 
  WWW HyperText Markup Language (HTML) browser.  Typical examples include 
  lynx, which is a ASCII browser available on UNIX, and Mosaic, a GUI 
  browser available for UNIX, Windows, Mac, and other platforms.  There
  are others, but these are a few.  Once in a browser program, point it at
  some of these WWW "pages".

  If you do not have WWW access to the Web, you can request pages be mailed
  to by sending mail to webmail@curia.ucc.ie with the subject help.  The 
  return mail should tell you how to request a WWW page.

  However, if you do have access to telnet on the Internet, you can access
  the Web.  Instructions on how to do this, in a file called wwwtelnet.txt,
  can be retrieved from Jim Brain's MAILSERV server.  See Section 5.X for 
  information on how to access the server.

   
   6.8.1.  What WWW sites have Commodore information?

  There are a number of WWW sites that provide Commodore content.  Most
  of these sites are tailored to the Commodore 8-bit community as well.
  A complete listing of sites is available at 
  http://www.msen.com/~brain/cbmlinks.html.
    

   6.8.1.  What Sites have Telnet WWW Browsers?

  If you do not have access to a WWW browse to
  Internet telnet, you can access the WWW through the following sites:

  fatty.law.cornell.edu
  www.njit.edu
  lynx.cc.akans.edu

  login: www

  
   6.9.  What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
   
   to access some machines, the special user "anonymous" or "ftp" is used
   to log into another machine for ftp.  These machine, which hold public
   domain (PD), shareware, and freeware files, are called "anonymous ftp"
   sites.  To get files from these sites, you use (on most systems) a program
   called ftp.  A typical ftp session (assuming you are running from a Unix 
   system) would be as follows:

  SAMPLE SESSION:

  %ftp ccnga.uwaterloo.ca                   <ccnga.uwaterloo.ca is site name>
  Connected to ccnga.uwaterloo.ca.
  220 punisher FTP server (SunOS 4.1) ready.
  Name (cco.caltech.edu:rknop): anonymous     <Use "anonymous" for user name>
  331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.
  Password:                                   <Type your E-mail address here>
  230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
  ftp> cd /pub/cbm/utilities                         <"cd" changes directory>
  250 CWcessful.
  ftp> dir z*                             <"dir" alone lists whole directory>
  200 PORT command successful.
  150 AS for /bin/ls (131.215.48.57,2084) (0 bytes).
  -rw-r--r--  1 root     root        15427 Apr 13 15:42 zed-128.070
  -rw-r--r--  1 root     root        14107 Apr 13 15:42 zed-128.doc
  226 ASCII Transfer complete.
  remote: z*
  134 bytes received in 0.44 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s)
  ftp> binary                           <specifies binary files. IMPORTANT!!>
  200 Type set to I.
  ftp> get zed-128.070                            <requests file zed-128.070>
  200 PORT command successful.
  150 Binary data connection for zed-128.070 (131.215.48.57,20) (15427 bytes)
  226 Binary Transfer complete.
  local: zed-128.070 remote: zed-128.070
  15427 bytes received in 0.1 seconds (1.5e+02 Kbytes/s)
  ftp> quit                                      <quit when you are finished>
  221 Goodbye.
  %

  To submit files to an ftp site, you use the command "put".  Again, make sure
  to first specify "binary" for programs and other binary files.  Typically,
  ftp sites will only accept submissions in an "INCOMING" directory.

  To download software (files) from an anonymous ftp sites, one has to
  be aware that there are two connections to be concerned about.  The
  first connection is from your Commodore to you host computer and then
  the connection from your host to the ftp site.  In addition you need to be
  be aware of the nature of the information in the desired file, particularly
  if you are downloading programs.  If the file is not known to be in
  printable ASCII form, consider it a binary file.  It may also be be in an
  archived form, i.e. a form where it is packed with many files or in a
  shortened format.  Consider these to be binary unless it is of the "uu"
  type which is an ASCII format. 

   
   6.9.1.  What FTP sites have Commodore Information?
   
  A number of sites on Internet have areas for Commodore files. The list 
  of current Internet FTP sites can be retrieved from the Jim Brain's
  mail server as file cbm-ftp-sites.MM.YY where MM is the Month and YY is the
  year that the list is for.  (See Section 6.5.2 for directions on how to
  use the mail server).  The FTP List is maintained by Howard Herman and a 
  copy of the latest file can be obtained from him at 
  72560.3467@compuserve.com.


   6.9.2.  What is an FTP Mail Server?  How do I use one?

  If your service provider does not allow access to FTP directly, there
  are some systems that will perform the FTP session on your behalf.  These
  systems are called "ftp mail servers".  These allow the user to request
  files to be retrieved by electronically mailing a message to the server.
  
  To use the service, you must first learn how the service works.  This is
  done by mailing the server address with the word "help" in the body of
  the message This will result in the directions being sent in a message to
  you.  Then, following the directions, you can request files from any
  FTP sites through the server.  Tserver will send both the retrieved
  files and a message detailing the execution of your request.
  
  Here is a sample request message:
  
  To: ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
  Subject:
  Body:
  connect ccnga.uwaterloo.ca anonymous brain@msen.com
  chdir /pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm
  ls -l
  quit
  
  Please note the following:
  
  This service is only for retrieving files.
  
  Binary files will usually be uuencoded.  They must be decoded before use.
  
  Large files may be split into smaller pieces.  The resulting pieces must
  be editted back into one piece, and decoded if necessary.
  
  Potential ftpmail servers include:

  ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
  bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu
  
  Craig Bruce has set up a ftp mail server off his regular email address.
  Here is how you would utilize it:
   
  To: csbruce@little.uwaterloo.ca
  Subject: ftpmail
  Body:
  help
  bcode
  ftp ccnga.uwaterloo.ca
  cd /pub/cbm/os/ace
  dir
  get ace12.doc
  quit

  All of the regular FTP commands are supported, with the addition of
  the following commands:

  help       - gives help information.
  bcode      - requests the data be sent as bcoded files.
  hexcode    - requests the data be sent as hexcoded files.
+ replyto    - gives email address to reply to for broken email clients.
+ maxlines n - Returns files in messages of at most n lines How do I send files to an FTP site?

  If you have the Commodore 128 .sfx creator, use it.  It is part of the CS-DOS 
  public-domage, and it requires a Commodore-1700-compatible 
  RAM expansion unit.  If you can't make .sfx archives, upload the files as 
  straight binaries.  Text files which you include in .sfx archives should be 
  PETSCII.  Separate text files should be ASCII or ISO 8859-1.  If you are 
  uploading GEOS files, use William Coleman's Convert 2.5 program to transfer 
  the files to standard Commodore format before including them in the .sfx 
  archive.  

  You can make .sfx archives on a Unix machine by first compressing the 
  files into an .lzh or .lha archive, then using Marko Makela's LZHconvert 
  package on the LHarchive.  This technique may work on some non-Unix 
  computers.  LZHconvert is on ftp.funet.fi in directory /pub/cbm/archiving.

  Upload a .readme file separately from your program or archive.  In your 
  readme file, give a one-sentence description of each of your program(s).  
  List the lengths, starting addresses, and Cfiles.  Look on 
  ftp.funet.fi in /pub/cbm/archiving for CRC-32 software.  

  People should be able to make sure easily that they have all the parts of 
  your software package.  Put a complete file list in the readme file.  Mae FTP site if you can, and put all your files in that.  

  E-mail the maintainers right before you post your data.  Your message can 
  be just the .readme file with an introductory comment.  

  The following is a list of valid FTP sites as of 26 Sep 1995.  In the 
  directory names below, replace "..." with the existing name closest to the 
  purpose of your files.  "Dir" indicates whether the FTP site allows you to 
  create your own directories.  

  Destination: ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/...
  Uploads:     ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/INCOMING/...
  E-mail:      csbruce@ccnga.uwaterloo.ca
  Dir:         Yes

  Destination: ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/...
  Uploads:     ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/incoming/...
  E-mail:      cbm-adm@nic.funet.      No

  Destination: ftp://pitel_lnx.ibk.fnt.hvu.nl/pub/c64/...
  Uploads:     ftp://pitel_lnx.ibk.fnt.hvu.nl/pub/c64/incoming
  E-mail:      cba@pitel_lnx.ibk.fnt.hvu.nl
  Dir:         No

  Destination: ftp://dhp.com/pub/c64/...
  Uploads:     ftp://dhp.com/pub/c64/pub/c64/incoming
  Email:       rotox@dhp.com
  Dir:         No

  Destination: ftp://ftp.giga.or.at/pub/c64/...
  Uploads:     ftp://ftp.giga.or.at/pub/c64/INCOMING (no read access here)
  E-mail:      spockie@giga.or.at
  Dir:         Yes (difficult to delete, though)

  Destination: ftp://bbs.cc.uniud.it/pub/c64/...
  Uploads:     ftp://bbs.cc.uniud.it/pub/c64/incoming
  E-mail:      playboy@bbs.cc.uniud.it
  Dir:         No


   6.10. What is Internet Relay Chat (IRC)?
  
  Internet Raley Chat (IRC) is an online version of citizen's band radio or
  BBS chat rooms.  The service is worldwide and is available on the Internet.
  To use IRC, one would normally use a client program (typically called irc on
  UNIX machines) to access the service.  
  
  Although the program used to access IRC varies, the commands are pretty
  much standard.  All commands are entered on the text line and begin
  with a "/" character.  Here are a few important ones:
   
  /join #c-64               Join the #c-64 channel, which discusses topics
                            concerning Commodore hardware and software.
 
  /msg Commbot help         will get you info on Commbot which carries C64/128
                            software to download.
 
  /msg Filebot help         another C64 bot with software to download from.
 
  /msg coolhand xdcc list   if he is online, this user has many c64 files
                            which can be downloaded via this command.
                            
  /quit                     leaveList names of all people in current channel.

  /dcc send (nickname) (filename)
                            Send a file to person (nickname).

  /dcc receive (nickname) or
  /dcc get (filename)       REceive a file from someone.

  If you need more info on how IRC works, there is a file available on
  Jim Brain's email file server called irc-info.txt that explains IRC in
  more depth.  (See Section 6.5.2 for directions on how to use the mail server)

   
   6.11. What else is available online?

  If you are looking for other places on the Internet to talk Commodore,
  there is the Commodore forum on CoSy, a system accessible from the 
  Internet.  To access this service, you must have access to a telnet
  program.  Here is the relevant information:

  telnet cosy.softwaords.bc.ca 
  login: cosy
  CoSy: j commodore

  This will bring up a list of topics pertaining to Commodore.  The forum
  moderator is Robert Todd and his email address is robert.todd@bbs.serve.org.
  This forum is ideally suited to discussions about the Color64 BBS 
  system and other Commodore BBS systems.  If you wish to post in the
  forum, please send email to that effect to Robert Todd.
  
  

-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Timww.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 6/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 00:54:08 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p6
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part6
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part6
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part6
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1996/08/12
		       	

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

   7.  Exchanging Data
   7.1.  How do I exchange data among Commodore 8-bit machines?
   7.2.  How do I exchange data between an IBM(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.3.  How do I exchange data between an Amiga and my Commodore?
   7.4.  Ho data between a Macintosh(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.5.  How do I exchange data between an Atari ST(tm) and my Commodore?
   7.6.  How do I exchange data between a UNIX(tm) machine and my Commodore?
   7.7.  Are there other ways to exchange data becomputers?

   8.  Operating Systems
   8.1.  What Operating Systems are available?
   8.2.  What is GEOS?
   8.3.  What is UNIX?
   8.4.  What is CP/M

   9.  Demonstrations
   9.1.  Just what is a demonstration, or demo?
   9.2.  What does NTSC and PAL mean?
   9.3.  Where do I get demos?
   9.4.  What is a demo competition?
   9.5   What does FLI, DYCP, etc. mean?
   
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  

   7.  Exchanging Data
   
  At some point in time it becomes necessary to move data from one machine to
  another.   Sometimes this is easy, sometimes it is not.  This section will
| help you decide which way of transferring files is best.  For those who have
+ WWW access, additional information is at 
  
+ http://www.funet.fi/pub/cbm/transfer/
   
   
   7.1.  How do I exchange data among Commodore 8-bit machines?
   
  You can exchange data between Commodore machines in a number of ways, but
  each way requires an exchange medium, whether it be tape, disk, modem, or
  null modem.  

  To transfer files between any Commodore machines besides the Plus/4
  series that have datasette ports, the file can be save to tape and
  exchanged.  The Plus/4 series tape drives read and write data in a format
  not compantible with asystem.

  To transfer files between any Commodore computers with disk drives, you
  need to find a drive that can be connected to either computer, or two
  drives with compatible disk formats.  Some examples of two drive setups:

  2031   1541
  4040   1541     (Read but not write compatible_
  8050   8250     (can't use back side of 8250 disk)
  8050   SFD1001  (can't use back side of SFD1001 disk)
  1551   1541
  1571   1541     (can't use back of 1571 disk)

  Modems can be used to exchange the information, if both computers can
  use modems.  Just perform a dowload on one end, and an upload on the 
  other.  Null modems can make this job simpler, by removing the data->
  telephone line step performed in a modem.

  With all of these methods, data files should transmit fine, but program
  file written in ML will most likely not work, and BASIC programs will
  usually fail is  machine with a differing version of BASIC.

   
   7.2.  How do I exchange data between an IBM(tm) and my Commodore?
   
  Commodore computers use a disk format which is not compatible with the
  disk formats of other computers.  However, some programs exist which allow
  you to read foreign, specifically MS-DOS, di that in general to
  do this, you must have either a 1571 or 1581 disk drive.  The 1541 cannot
  read MS-DOS disks without some hardware modifications.

  Big Blue Reader

  A commercial package, The Big Blue Reader, from SOGWAP software, runs on
  either a 64 or a 128, will read and write MS-DOS format 3.5" (with a 1581)
  and 5.21571) disks.

  Crosslink

  Other freely distributable programs exist to read and write 5.25" MS-DOS
  disks.  One such program is Crosslink, (available on ccnga.uwaterloo.ca
  although it is limited to reading files 43K in size or  there are a few CP/M MS-DOS reading utilities that work in the C128's CP/M
  mode.

  RUN Reader

  RUN magazine (4/89 to 6/89) published a series of programs that would use
  1571/1581 drives to transfer MS-DOS files to and from a Co limited in file size handling ~43-44K.

  Little Red Reader

  Issues 4 and 5 of C= Hacking magazine presented a program called Little
  Red Reader for the 128 that will copy files to and from MS-DOS floppy
  disks.  The menu-drwo disk drives to work, where the
  one containing the MS-DOS disk must be a 1571 or 1581 (or compatiblram does not buffer data internally, so the only size restriction on
  copying is the capacity of the target disk.  The programSCII/
  ASCII conversion but will work only with the root directories of MS-DOS
  disks.  The program is also available via FTP and is FREE.

  1541-dos

  To read and write to MS-DOS disks with 1541 disk drives you have to make a
  small hardware modification. The 1541-dos package contains instructions on
  how to modify Commodore 1541 and Oceanic OC-118/OC-118N disk drives, and
  programs to read disks in MS-DOS format and to write to disks in a format
  that can be read by MS.  The newest version of the package is
  available via anonymous ftp on ftp.funet.fi in /pub/cbm/documents/1541-dos.

  x1541

  To read CBM disks on an IBM, you can use the program x1541 available on
  ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in /pub/cbm/emulatihis program uses the PC parallel
  port to emulate a C= serial port.  You need to have a unique cable built to
  make the connection.  The cable is connected to a 1541 drive.
  The documentation has a schematic for the cable.

+ If you would rather not build the X1541 cable, the following individual
+ offers them fcost:

+ Paul MacArthur  
+ attn: X1541 Cable Offer
+ 24 Central Street
+ Braintree, MA  02184
  

  22DSK

  If you own a Commodore 1581, there is a PC program which can read
  1581 formatted disks.  The latest version is 1.4.2 and is available aakland.edu/Simtel/msdos/diskutil/22dsk142.zip.  Note that this
  program will only handle CP/M formatted disks.
  
  C64-Connect

  A very fast way of transferring one file programs between the Commodore and PC
  is C64-Connect.  All youble between user port of C64 
  and PC's parallel printer port (LPT). Loading of a 50 KB program takes about 
  3.0 seconds and transferring the same program from C64 to PC takes 4.5 
  seconds.  (Times were measured on a P0, NTSC units will see
  slighly faster times)  This program is a boon for every C64 user that has 
  only a cassette drive, as the loader program needed fori the C64 is shorter
  than most cassette turbos and aboyt 45 times faster.

  C64-Connect stores C64 progra PRG format, so
  you can easily convert them to various file formats used by emulators.
  The latesConnect is 0.99. You can get it from
  file://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/transfer/CBM-to-PC/
  Email Ville Muikkula at vmuikku@raahenet.ratol.fi for more information.

  PC2VIC
  
  This package enables you to send programs (and other data) to your VIC20.
  The data is sent from the PC:s printerport to the VIC20:s userport, which 
  makes the transfer rather fast.
  
  adam.bergstrom@um.erisoftrom
  Storgatan 92,2
  903 33 Umea
  SWEDEN

+ Anadisk

+ Anadisk will allow you to read, write, and edit sectors of 1581 disks in
+ an IBM PC floppy drive.  The current version is 2.07 and has the filename
+tarCommander 

+ StarCommander (V0.71 open beta) 
+ Joe Foster/STA (Author)
+ sta@ludens.elte.hu (Internet Contact)	     
+ Norton-Commander lookalike. Us541 Cable. Transfers to and from up to
+ four connected CBM-Drives with normal/ turbo/warp mode. Support for
+ emulator-diskimages (.D64 ...) and some CBM-archives (LNX, ZipCode2 via
+ external programs) Availiable at all common CBM-FTP-sites (/emulator)

+ Trans64 

+ Trans64 (V1.24) 
+ Bernhard Schwall (Author)
+ schwall@informernet Contact)
+ Uses X1541/Disk64 cable. Transfers to and from CBM-Drives/Disk-images/
+ Tape-images/virtual disks/IBM-PC with normal/fast/turbo mode. Window 
+ driven GUIf GEOS-VLIR files (icons, graphics, text)
+ and CBM files. DiskMonitor and Charsets for CBM-reading included.
+ Availiable at all common CBM-FTP-sites (/emulator)
 
  There are no programs that will read a 5.25" Commodore disk in a 5.25" PC
  d I exchange data between an Amiga and my Commodore?
   
  TransNib

  The TransNib 1.00 package for Amiga allows transferring files 
  C64<->Amiga at up to 60000 bps. It uses a parallel<->user port cable that 
  currently transfers 4bits at a time. Uses 2-way handshaking. 2 versions 
  of the 64software are in the archive. Requires a disk drive. 1541 
  fastloader compatible. The Amiga side software can be run from shell of 
  WB, multitasks fine and has nice simple GUI.

  For more information, get the archive from ftp.wustl.edu,
  /systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/TransNib100.lha
  
  PData

  The PData 3.51 package for the Amiga allows transfer of both binary and
  text files between the C64/C128 and the Amiga.  It's about 25 times faster
  than a null modem cable, and it even leaves your Amiga serial port free for
  other applications.
  
  You can transfer up to 255 files in both directions in multitransfer mode.
  The program works with an cable attached between the 64 user port and the
  Amiga parallel port.  The A can be run from any Amiga, 
  although Kickstart v37.175 (v2.04) is required to utilize all functions.
  
  for more information, get the archive at:
  ftp://ftp.doc.ic.ac.uk/computing/systems/amiga/mods/chip/NemeSIDs-Extra.lzh
   
  prlink
  ink is a program that uses the X1541 cable to transfer data from the
  Commodore to the Amiga It is at:
  ftp://pub/cbm/transfer/CBM-to-PC/prlink-0.8.0a.lha

+ Over5

+ Over5 (successor to OverFour) is a program that uses a standard 3 wire null
+ modem cable to transfer files between the Amiga and the 64/128.  No special
+ serial port cartridges are needed.  Only a simple votga econverter for the
+ 64/128 user port to generate RS-232 level voltage is needed. The code
+ is at:

+ http://www.stacken.kth.se/~tlr/computing/over5.html

+ FEATURES:

+ * filecopy with wildcards      !!IMPROVED!!
+ * builtin diskturbo
+ * Read/Write memory            !!IMPROVED!!
+ * Read/Write file
+ * Read directory
+ * Send disk command
+ * Read disk status
+ * do RUN/SYS
+ * both PAL and NTSC versions
+ * the Amiga as harddisk server !!IMPROVED!!
+ * fastformat with verify
+ * Read/Write raw disk          !!IMPROVED!!
+ * ZIPCODE archive depacking
+ * ZIPCODE archive packing
+ * timeout handling on the c64
+ * source     !!NEW!!
+ * protocol documentation       !!NEW!!
 
+ The author:

+ Daniel Kahlin <tlr@stacken.kth.setr
+ s-113 46 Stockholm
+ Sweden
+ 08-34 84 73 (+468348473) (Phone)
 
   
   7.4.  How do I exchange data between a Macintosh(tm) and my Commodore?
   
   
   7.5.  How do I exchange data between an Atari ST(tm) and my Commodore?
   
  Atari ST can read and write 3.5" DD disks formatted for PC. You need to use
  TOS 1.4 or higher to format.  Using Big Blue Reader to write 3.5" PC
  format on CBM will permit transfer.

  ST also has RS-232 port, so one can transfer data by using RS-232 adaptor
  on the C64 and some terminal/handshaking programs to control the transfer.

   
   7.6.  How do I exchange data between a UNIX(tm) machine and my Commodore?
   
  One way is to use PC and then ftp to UNIX, unless the UNIX runs on a PC.
  Some Sparctations have drives with MSDOS filesystem emulation, but it has
  problems even with Atari/DOS disks.

  cbmfs

  cbmfs is a read-only filesystem driver which allows transparent reading of
  1581 disks under Linux.  It is installed as a loadable kernel module and
  allows mounting Commodore 1581 disks in a standard 3.5" floppy drive, and
  1541 disk images (.D64 files) copied to any floppy disk.  PETSCII to ASCII
  conversion can be automatically performed.  Partitions on 1581 disks are
  accessed as subdirectories.  The publically-released version will be
  available at <ftp://ftp.wimsey.com/pub/linux/incoming/cbmfs-1.0.tar.gz>
  and at <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Filesystems/cbmfs-1.0.tar.gz>.

  prlink
  
  prlink is a program that uses the X1541 cable to transferLinux (or any UNIX).  It is at:
  ftp://pub/cbm/transfer/CBM-to-PC/

   
   7.7.  Are there other ways to exchange data between computers?
   
  If you are transferring data to another computer (e.g. a PC) in the same
  room, or if you are lucky enough to have a terminal server line near your
  64/128(more and more colleges are putting such beasts in dorm rooms), you
  be able to connect your serial port directly to another computer.  If you
  have a terminal server port, all you need is a C= RS232 to standard RS232
  adapter (see 9.8).  If you are connecting to another, PC, you will also
  need a null modem.  A null modem is a simple device that you can buy for
  less than $10.  It typically is a small box with a 25-pin (or 9-pin) RS232
  connector on either side.  Put it somewhere in the line between your C= and
  the other PC.
  

   8.  Operating Systems

  Most Commodore users aren't aware that each machine has an operating
  system.  Since all Commodore systems come complete with a built in 
  operating system and BASIC programming language, the need for an
  operating system is minimized.  However, Commodore's internal OS is
  not always the right tool for the job, so alternate OS systems are
  available for the CBM.
  
   
   8.1.  What Operating Systems are available?
  
  Well, Commodore computers come with a standard operating system
  built in ROM. They also contain a built in BASIC interpreter which is
  normally activated after switching on or resetting the computer.
  If you want alternativions to replace the existing OS, there are a few
  that may suit your needs.  GEOS is the best known, but a number of people
  have made UNIX-like operating system replacements for the Commodore 64 and
  128.  Also, on the 128, CP/M is available out-of-the-box. (see below for
  details on different OS types.)

  
   8.2.  What is GEOS?
  
  GEOS stands for Graphical Environment Operating System.  It is a Graphical
face (GUI) style of OS, and it brings to the Commodore 64 and 128
  integrated applications.  The graphical nature of GEOS allows applications
  to use fonts of any size, bitmaps, and menus and mice.  The system was
  Designed by Berkeley Softworks, now GEOWorks, and is supported now by CMD.
  There are a number of graphical style GEOS applications, like GEOWrite,
lish, GEOTerm, etc.  The system is very easy to use, and
  is very fast, even when compared to other GUIs like Windows and OS/2.

  GEOS can make very effective use of a Ram Expansion Unit, a RAMDrive or
  RAMLink, or GEORam.  GEOS allows you to configure your REU to appear just
  like another (very fast) disk drive, although it does not keep its contents
  when you turn your computer off.  So, any GEOS software that works off of
  a disk will work out of your REU.  Since GEOS is very disk-intensive, this
  greatly improves the performance of your system.  Indeed, some firm GEOS
  adherents have said that they would not use GEOS without a RAM device of
  some sort.

  GEOS will not work with a stock 1700.  To have a RAM drive, in GEOS, you
  must have at least 256K of expansion.  Thanks to patches developed by Jim
  Collette(configure2.1), GEOS also supports 1 Meg, 1.5 Meg, and 2 Meg REUs.

  GEOS files are structured differently from standard Commodore files.  They
  cannot be uploaded or downloaded directly.  Before you upload a GEOS file,
  use the freeware GEOS application convert2.5 by W.C. Coleman to convert it
  to Commodore format.  When you download a GEOS file, you must use the same
  program to convert it to GEOS format.  By convention, GEOS format files
  converted to standard Commodore format have a .cvt on the end; however,
  many converted GEOS files just have the same name as the original GEOS file.
  As a rule of thumb, any GEOS file you download, regardless of the extension,
  must be converted to GEOS format with convert2.5.

  If you download an archive of GEOS files (e.g. a .arc or .sda file
  containing GEOS files), you must first dissolve the archive using your C64
  or C128 in native mode.  The consill be converted
  GEOS files, whether or not they have the .cvt extension.  Each of these
  constituents (which are GEOS files) must be individually converted to GEOS
  format with convert2.5.

  If you need some help with GEOS or any aspect of it, I refer you to Myles
  Skinner at mskinner@julian.uwo.ca.  He is one of many people who use GEOS
  every day and can be of help.

  
   8.3.  What is UNIX?
  
  UNIX is an OS that was developed by Bell Laboratories in the 1960's and
  is now used on many workstations.  It is a multi-user, multi-process
  OS that has extensive support from the educational and commercial
  communities.  Internet and Usenet are primarily a collection of UNIX
  workstations networked together.  The UNIX-like OS replacements for
  Commodore computers mainly emulate the shell of UNIX, where programs are
  run by merely typing in their name.  Other aspects of UNIX, such as
  multiple processes are supported by some of the offering, which are:

       Asterix. -   A UNIX-Look-and-feel Shell replacement for 64

       UNIX128. -   A small implementation of UNIX for the 128.

       ACE 128/64.- A new offering which borrows the UNIX shell look for 64
|                   and 128.  It is available at:
                    .uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/os/ace/
       
+      LUnix -      A new offering which attempts an implementation of UNIX
+                   for the 64.  It is available at:
|                   ftp://rpool1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de/~etk10217/proj.htm

+      CS/A65 -     Andre Fachat's multitasking OS.  At:
+                   http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/~fachat/csa/

+      CXII -       http://www.cynapses.com/ry/cx2home.html

  
   8.4.  What is CP/M
  
  CP/M stands for Control Program for Microcomputers and is available on
  every Commodore 128.  There is also a CP/M cartridge available for the
  Commodore 64, but it cannot read CP/M disks, just 1541 formatted disks, and
  there are questions concerning its ability to work with all revisions
  of the Commodore 64.  CP/M was very popular in the early eighties before
  MS-DOS became popular.  It requires a Z-80 microprocessor, which the 128
  has, or an 8080 processor, and a disk drive capable of reading CP/M disks,
  such as the 1571.  If you don't need to read existing CP/M formatted disks,
  then a 1541 could also be used.  This operating system is the one that
  MS-DOS was modeled after, so there are a lot of similarities.  If you are
  interested in using CP/M as your primary OS, then please check out the
  newsgroup comp.os.cpm, as they have more info on the current events
  concerning CP/M.

  The version of CP/M used on the 128 is 3.0, commonly called CP/M Plus.
  It is compatible with earlier versions of CP/M but adds some new features.
  The copy of CP/M 3.0 that ships with the 128 was specially modified to allow
  use of the features of the 128, such as the Ram Expansion Unit as a RAM
  disk, the SID chip, and the extra RAM of the 128.

  In the March 1994 issue of dieHard, Mike Gordillo gave an overview of the
  CP/M operating system.  It is one of many such articles that should be read
  by anyone new to CP/M.
  

   9.  Demonstrations
   
  Very few Commodore enthusiasts have never seen a demonstration, yet
  many aren't really sure what one is.  Well, since these programs are still
  alive and strong in the 1990's, we need to answer some of their mysteries
  (but not all of them, as their job is to amaze).
  
   
   9.1.  Just what is a demonstration, or demo?
  
  A demonstration, or "demo" as they are known, is a piece of software that
  is designed to provoke a visually and aurally pleasing effect fmputer.  This usually involves large amounts of multi-colored graphics,
  complex synthesized or digitized sounds, and orchestrated movement of
  shapes or color schemes on the screen.  Demos originated as introductions
  to "cracked" games, games in which the copy protection had been rendered
  useless.  As time wore on, the standard abilities of the computer were all
  used in demos, and rival "cracker" teams raced to bring out the best demo.
  In the search for the "best demo", demo authors, or "coders", tried to
  maximize the use of the computer in a demo program.  Also, they exploited
  any undocumanted feature the computer could provide.  Since most of the
  circuits in the Commodore computers were multi-purpose, experienced coders
  could use some of their features in non-standard ways. Some examples:

  Removing the top and bottom border.
  Removing the side borders.
  Placing text (text mapped sprites) in the open borders.
  More than 8 sprites on screen at once.
  pseudo interlacing to create illusion of up to 640*400 resolution.

  Since the commercial game market has shrunk significantly over the past
  few years, and since demos are sometimes too involved to be classified
  as a game into, many demos are packaged so they can "stand-on-their-own".
  Users can download a demo, load it up, and run it like any other program.

  As demos got more involved, some coders produced cutting-edge technology
  demos intended to "one-up" their rival coders, while others made artistic,
  but less technically challenging demos for arts sake.  Either way, it is
  important to note that demos are not usually interactive.  They are meant to
  be viewed and listened to.  Demos are mostly passive entertainment, and
  appreciation for the effects generated in a demo increases as one
  realizes the normal limitations of the Commodore line of computers.
  So, sit back, load up a demo, run it, and enjoy.

  
   9.2.  What does NTSC and PAL mean?
  
  These two acronyms refer to the type of TV broadcasting signals used
  to create the video picture on your TV or monitor. American, Japanese, and
  Canadians use NTSC, while a good part of Europe uses PAL.  This usually
  makes no difference to programs, as the C64 and C128 in C64 mode always
  present 200 lines of pixels to the video display.  However, since the PAL
  standard allows more lines to be displayed on the screen and has a slower
  screen refresh time, the PAL computer has more time before screen
  refreshes to perform other operations, and also can put more information
  on the screen in some cases, since there are more lines in a PAL dislpay.
  Since demos use highly optimized timing and complex routines to perform
  the effects, some demos can only be written for PAL machines.  Sometimes,
  a demo is written for a PAL machine, but it can be made to run on an
  NTSC machine.  Demos that can run on both machines without any code
  modification are called regular demos, those that can only run on PAL
  machines are PAL demos, PAL demos that have been modified to run on NTSC
  machines are called NTSC-fixed demos, and NTSC demos that have been
  modified to run on PAL machines (rare) are called PAL-fixed demos.
  
  The mean difference between NTSC and PAL is that the mathematical
  description of NTSC will fit on one page while PAL takes a phone-book
  style book full of integral/Fourier/Laplace equations. 

  From a demo coder's point of view, the difference lies in how many cycles
  you get per scan line and how many scanlines there are:

  VIC type     cycles per line      lines per screen  frame rate
  
  old NTSC-M   64                   262               60 Hz
  new NTSC-M   65                   263               60 Hz
  all PAL-B    63                   312               50 Hz
  
   9.3.  Where do I get demos?
  
  There is a whole site full of  demos.  They are located in the
  /pub/cbm/c64/demos directory of nic.funet.fi.  See section 5.4 for
  directions on how to transfer files from this site.

  
   9.4.  What is a demo competition?
  
  This is a "convention" where people from the demo "scene" get tolly held in Europe, although other countries do have them.
  Coders get together and exhibit previously unreleased  demos in a competition
  where the best ones are ranked according to a subjective scoring system.
  At the end of the competition, the demos are released to the public.  To
  make things somewhat fair, demos are judged according to computer type, so
  Amiga demos do not get judged alongside 64 demos.  These competitions are
  usually held in conjunction with music or art competitions.

  Most demo competitions are held within Europe due to copyright laws and
  stuff.

  Previous pardies (demos parties, or competitions) held were:-

  Event                     Location        Date
  -----                     --------        ----
  Radwar Pardy              Germany         January 1994
  Pardy III                 Denmark         Decemeber 1993
  Chormance & Faces Pardy   Hungary         December 1993
  Elysium Pardy             Poland          Decemeber 1993
  Entropy Pardy             Holland         June 1993
  Assembley '93 Pardy       Finland         May 1993
  The Computer Crossroads   Sweden          April 1993
  Radwar Pardy              Germany         January 1993

  Duration 1993-1994 (March 1994)

  Most pardies are held when aildays.

  The point of a copy pardy is to go there with your computer, meet other
  computer friends from other groups and swap different warez, meet other
  members of your group and using the combined skills from the members
  (graphics/coding/musix/spreading), write a demo before the closing time for
  the pardy so it can get voted on. The winner comes away with about 300
  Kronar or similar.

  
   9.5   What does FLI, DYCP, etc. mean?

  Writing a successful demo often means tweaking routines and hardware
  to reach beyond the normal capabilities of a computer system.  Such is
  partially why such programs are called "demos".  To tweak the system and
  hardware, programmers utilize undefined routines, use hardware in non-
  standard ways, and create tming loops that force events to happen at
  certain intervals.  When these components are composed together, they
  create an effect, either via video or sound.  The effect is known by a
  name or phrase.  Some phrases are known by their acronyms, as the two in 
| the heading are known.  FLI is Flexible Line Interlace, while DYCP
| is Differentiar Position.  It is beyond the scope of the FAQ to
  discuss all the effect names, but a somewhat complete list can be found
  at http://www.msen.com/~brain/pub/demo-acronyms.txt on WWW or as file
  demo-acronyms.txt on Jim Brain's MAILSERV server (See Sectionation on mailservers.)
  



-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 7/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 01:01:37 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p7
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part7
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part7
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part7
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1996/08/12
		       	

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

  10.  Emulators
  10.1.  What is an emulator?
  10.2.  What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
  10.3.  What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
  10.4.  Are any other Commodore computers emulated?

  11.  Troubleshooting
  11.1.  What do I doisk drive?
  11.2.  What do I do for my ill computer?
  11.2.1.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 64?
  11.2.2.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?
  11.3.  What do I do for my ill keyboard?
  
  12.  Modifications and Cabling
  How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?
  12.2.  How do I open a C128 power supply?
  12.3.  How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?
  12.4.  How do I build a simple RS-232 interface cable?
  12.5.  How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?
  12.6.  How can I determine how much VDC video memory is in my C128?
  12.7.  How do I build a GEOCable interface?
+ 12.8.  How do I connect my Commodore printer to an IBM PC?
  
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


  10.  Emulators
  
  As time moves on, people move to other computer systems, for business resons
  or otherwise.  However, many still long to play Commodore games, use 
  Commodore software, and enjoy Commodore demos.  Thus, emulators were born
  to bring the non-Commodore computer owner the enjoyment of owning a
  Commodore.
  
    
  10.1.  What is an emulator?
  
  An emulator is a piece of software that runs on a given platform and
  emulates, or mimics, the operation of another machine.  When the
  emulator loads up a program, the programs runs as though it were running
  on the emulated platform.

| For more information on emulators and their use, please see The Commodore 
| emulator FAQ, maintained by Ken Gifford  (tsrken@voicenet.com).  I can also be found on Jim Brain's MAILSERV serve 6.5.2 for more
| information).
  
  For those with WWW browsers, the CBM Emulation FAQ is at:

| http://www.hut.fi/~msmakela/cbm/faq/
                          
  
  10.2.  What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
  
  64 emulators exist on the following machines:
  
  Amiga
  IBM
  Atari ST
  Macintosh
  UNIX
  
  
  10.3.  What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
  
  There is a very basic Commodore 128 emulator bundled available for the 
  UNIX platform under X.  It is bundled with X64.

  
  10.4.  Are any other Commodore computers emulated?
  
  There is a commodore product called the PET emulator that remaps a
  Commodore 64 to emulate a PET 40 column unit (i.e. PET 4032).  You can
  run this program on a C64 to emulate a PET, or you can run this program
| on a 64 emulator to emulate a PET on an IBM, for example.  

+ As for VIC-20 emulators, one exists for the Amiga, and there is a program
+ similar to the PET Emulator that allows a C64 to emulate a VIC-20.  For the
+ UNIX OS, one called VICE is available for machines with X Windows.  Contact
+ Andre Fachat (a.fachat@physik.tu-chemnitz.de) for more information.  The
+ emulator is at: http://www.tu-chemnitz.d  Although not necessarily a different Commodore computer, there is a
  GEOS emulator in the works.  It is called GEOS Warp v1.0 and information
  is available at http://stud1.tuwien.ac.at/~e9426444/geoswarp/index.html.
  A version for the Apple PowerMac is in the alpha stage, and support for
  a PC version.  Plans for a UNIX/X11 version are still unclear.  The author
  is Andreas Varga, and can be contacted at e9426444@stud1.tuwien.ac.at.


  11.  Troubleshooting
  
  
  11.1.  What do I do for my ill disk drive?
 
  If the drive spins and the LEDs are off:
  
  At the back of the 1541 circuit board are two bridge rectifiers - stout
  epoxy packages with 4 leads each. The innermost one is defective

  If both LEDs are dim:
  
  The 5VDC regulator is bad.
  
  If both LEDS are on:
  
  Drive did not make it through the power-on reset sequence.  Kernal ROM
  (901229-05) is susepct, as is (in order of expectation):  VIA (6522), 
  CPU (6502r equivalent), or a "glue" chip in the reset logic

  If your drive won't even accept input from the computerght is making some blinking pattern, then the drive may be telling you
  what is wrong.
  
  No Blink       Kernal (E000-FFFF) ROM or 6522 VIA Failure
  One Blink      6116 RAM Failure
  Two Blinks     Possible Zero Page RAM Failure
  Three Blinks   DOS (C000-CFFF) ROM Failure
  Four Blinks    DOS (C000-CFFF) ROM Failure
  Five Blinks    6116 RAM Failure
  Six Blinks     6116 RAM Failure
| Six Blinks     2114 RAM Failure at c4 or c5 (8050)
  Seven Blinks   6116 RAM Failure
  Eight Blinks   6116 RAM Failure


  1541

  The most common problem facing the 1541 disk drive is alignment.  If your
  1541 has trouble reading commercial disks, or reading disks written some
  time ago, but has less trouble reading recently written disks, chances are
  that your 1541 is out of alignment.  C= service centers will typically align
  a 1541 for anywhere from $20 to $45.  There are also 1541 alignment
  programs, (e.g. Free Spirit's "1541/71 Alignment System") which allow you
  to align a 1541 yourself.  There are those who claim that this does not
  produce good results, but there are others who claim to have had
  satisfactory results with these programs.  There were a couple of articles
  in COMPUTE Gazette and I think RUN on how to do this.  The real problem is
  mechanical in nature and can be over come.  Other products are PHYSICAL
  EXAM 1541 and 1571 versions.

  1571

  The C=1571 drive is normally a double sided drive.  However, it can also
  emulate a 1541 and read single sided disks.  Some of the earlier 1571's had
  oldes (ROMs) which caused a couple of problems.  One, these
  older drives were typically very slow when writing to the back side of a
  disk.  Two, it would take these drives ~30 seconds to go into single sided
  mode.  To chead the error channel of the disk drive
  right after startup.  On the 128, just PRINT DS$.  On the 64, use:

  10 open15,8,15:input#15,a,a$,b,c:close15:printa,a$,b,c

| Run the program; if the message says v3.1, you have the newer ROM.
| If it has a version 3.0 or older, you have the older ROM.

  One problem that might occur is not having the head close enough to the disk
  as required because of the light tension of the spring that pulls the head
  down.  Somewhere I remember that there was supposed to be a replacement
  part.  However, one of the alignment programs suggesting using pennies to
  weight it down and lo and behold it started working.

  1581

  The C=1581 drive is a 3.5" drive that uses DSDD 800K disks.  It is
  compatible with both the C64 and C128, although some programs will not work
  correctly with the 1581.

  A small number of 1581's were shipped with an early version of a controller
  chip which has problems with some software.

  
  11.2.  What do I do for my ill computer?
  
  At times, every computer must be serviced.  As the parts supply of Commodore
  equipment dwindles, servicing becomes harder.  However, there are many
  sources in Section 16.2 that can service your Commodore machine, and here
  are some things you can do to service it yourself.
  
  If the screen is garbled, but BASIC seems to be limping along, and any
  command is met by an error, RAM could be bad.  You can look at bit 
  patterns on the screen by determining screen codes for  garbage characters.
  only bit 4 (32) should be on.  After you determine which bits, here is the
  bit->IC mapping:
       
  Bit 7 (128) : U12
  Bit 6 (64)  : U24
  Bit 5 (32)  : U11
  Bit 4 (16)  : U23
  Bit 3 (8)   : U10
  Bit 2 (4)   : U22
  Bit 1 (2)   : U9
  Bit 0 (1)   : U21

  A common problem with the C-64 is it's power supply.  The C64 power
  supplies are not especially powerful, and have this disturbing tendency to
  fail.  If your computer stops working, first check the power supply.
  Replacement power supplies can be obtained from a number of mail order
  places (e.g. Tenex, Parsec, Inc.).  Additionally, several places advertise
  "heavy-duty" power supplies that come with warranties, and give the C64
  enough power to run a REU.

  If your power supply goes, it can sometimes take other parts of the
  computer with it.  If your power supply has died, but the C64 continues
  to fail with a known working power supply, it is likely that a few of your
  chips got fried.

  Also, another common problem with the C64 is the fuse inside the computer.
  If the system power on light comes on, but you get a blank screen, suspect
  the fuse.  It is usually blown by misinsertion of devices into the computer.


  11.2.2.  What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?

  Like the 1571, the C-128 has an older ROM and a newer ROM.  The differences
  between the two are less serious than is the case with a 1571.  The easiest
  way to tell the difference is to click down the CAPS LOCK key and hit Q
  while in BASIC direct mode.  If you see a lower case q, then you have an
  older ROM.  If you see an upper case Q, then you have a newer ROM. ed from (e.g. Paxtron Corporation) for about $25.  The ROM 
| chips in the 128 are all socketed, so replacing the chips is relatively
| easy.
       
  
  11.3.  What do I do for my ill keyboard?
  
    Clean it:

    Materials you will need:

    Denatured (rubbing) alcohol, a clean pencil eraser, cotton swabs, a small
    Phillips head screwdriver, a jewellers size Phillips screwdriver, a
    solder iron of some type, and a Commodore 64 computer keyboard.

    Procedure:

    1. FIRST AND FOREMOST. Make certain that you have discharged any static
       electricity in your body by grounding yourself to something like a cold
       water pipe. Otherwise, you could blow chips in your computer if you
       were to touch the wrong things.

    2. Turn off your computer and unplug any and all cords and connectors,
       fast-loaders, modems, etc. (just have yourself a naked (if you will
       excuse the expression) computer).

    3. Thoroughly clean all external connectors and ports with the swabs and
       alcohol. Also, clean all into those ports. If the problem
       you had persists, proceed with the following:

    4. On a clean surface, turn your key-board upside-down. Remove the screws
       in the bottom.

    5. CAREFULLY, separate the two halves about an inch. Unplug the connector
       to the "power" LED on the top of the C-64.

    6. Place the two halves flat so that the keyboard is facing  you. The two
       halves will be connected by a wire harness. This harness may be held
       down by tape that must be removed in order to place the unit flat.

    7. Remove the 15 or so brass screws that hold the  circuit  board  under
       the keyboard.
       
    7a.Unsolder the wires going to the shift-lock key.

    8. Turn the circuit board over. You will see the bottom of the keyboard
       with a rubber "U" under each key, which makes contact with the board.
       You will also see on the circuit board, a pair of gold contacts for
       each key on the C-64.
 
    9. CAREFULLY wash ALL the rubber "U"'s and the gold contacts with the
       swabs and rubbing alcohol. Allow the alcohol to DRY.
 
    10.Gently, clean each gold contact with the eraser. BRUSH AWAY THE ERASER
       CRUMBS (I use  a  small  hand-held, battery-powered vacuum cleaner).
 
    11.Re-clean the gold contacts with the swabs and alcohol to ensure that
       you have removed ALL traces of the eraser.
 
    12.Reassemble the C-64 in the reverse order of disassembly.


  12.  Modifications and Cabling
  
  As time wears on, many Commodore owners are turning to themselves to
  manufacture small interfaces, modify their systems, and perform other
  enhancements.  Here are some common things the user can construct
  himself or herself.
  
   
  12.1.  How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?
  
  On a 128, you can force the 1571 to go into single sided mode with the drive
  command "u0>m0".  (Issue such a command with open15,8,15,"u0>m0":close15.)
  On the 64, a 1571 defaults to single sided mode, but you can convert it to
  double sided mode (and read full double sided disk in 64 mode) with the
  drive command "u0>m1".  While in single sided mode, you can actually format
  both sides of the disk as separate file systems.  The command "u0>h0"
  selects the regular side of the disk, and "u0>h1" selects the flip side of
  the disk.  Note that the flip side, when formatted this way, cannot be read
  by a 1541; neither side will be readable by a 1571 when the disk is
  inserted upside-down.

  
  12.2.  How do I open a C128 power supply?
 
  First, unplug both leads running from the power supply and turn it upside
  down.  Locate four (4) small circles in the bottom; two are in the corners 
  and two in the other end a bit nearer each other.

  Find some sharp tool, e.g. pin or nail.  In turn, poke it inside each of 
  the cirles, firmly, and pull the caps off gently. They'll come out easily. 
  Breaking the caps should not matter, but there is no need to destroy the 
  casing in process.

  Unsrew the 4 Phillips headed srews with an appropriate tool.

  Notes: 
  
  This does not apply to the C64 brick!
  
  Some 128 power supplies do not have rubber feet; rather, they have "L"-
  shaped extensions on the casing.  The caps on these extensions are not
  made of rubber, but can be removed.


  12.3.  How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?
  
  Here is the diagram used to make a replacement Chroma / Luminence 40
  column cable, that the 1902A uses, to connect to the 64 or 128.  

        _______                             ________
   1.  Not Used        /    2    \    *1. Luminance
     / 2       4 \    *2.  Audio          / 4      5  \   *2. Ground  
    !             !   *3.  Ground        !             !  *3. Audio out
    !      6      !   *4.  Chroma        ! 1    6    3 !   4. Video out
    !             !    5.  Not Used      !             !   5. Audio in
     \ 1       5 /    *6.  Luminance      \  7     8  /   *6. Chroma
      \____n____/                          \____n____/     7. Not used
                                                           8. Not used
         1902A                                64/128
                            * Actually used


  12.4.  How do I build a simple RS-232 interface cable?
  
  Here are a couple of different interface ideas, and another can be found
  at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/CBM/documents/rs232.txt

  Using MAX-232 IC:
    
  Userport C64                                           C64 RS232
                          _________
                         |         |
      PA2 M-----------11-|         |-14------------------- TXD (2)
      PB1 D-----------10-|         |--7------------------- RTS (4)
      PB6 K-----------12-| MAX 232 |-13------------------- CTS (5)
    FLAG2 B---X--------9-|         |--8------------------- RXD (3)
      PB0 C---|          |         |--3--|+-|
      VCC 2-----------16-|         |--1-----|              DB25-connector
      GND N------X----15-|         |
                 X--|+-2-|         |--5--|+-|
                 X--+|-6-|_________|--4-----|
                 |
                 |---------------------------------------- GND (7)

   -|+- capacitor 22uF/16V
   -  +

  Using Transistors:

                          RS-ce
                      <Transistors are 2n2222>
  <24 pin edge connector>
  N <-----------------------+-----------+
                           /            !
          22k         !-!>+             !
  M <----/\/\/--------!                 !
                      !---+             !
          1k               \            !  <male db25 connector>
  2 <----/\/\/--------------+------------>-------------------> 2
                                        !
                      +-----------------+
                       \
                        +<!-!                22k
                            !---------------/\/\/------------> 8
                        +---!
                       /
  H <-----------------+

  E <--------------------------------------------------------> 20

  C <---+
        !
  B <---+-------------+
                       \
                        +---!                22k
                            !---------------/\/\/------------> 3
                        +<!-!
                       / 
  A <-----------------+--------------------------------+-----> 7
                                                       !
                                                       +-----> 4
                                                       !
                                                       +-----> 1


  If you are having problems with this circuit as it stands, you may wish
  to modify it in this way to reverse the clock signal:
  
  Disconnect the emitter and collector on the middle transistor of the 
  diagram (the one that goes to the H line on the computer side)
  Connect the collector to pin 2 on the 24 pin edge connector (the 5v Vcc 
  line), connect the emitter to pin H on the same connector, then connect a 
  1k ohm resistor to the same pin H and the other end of the resistor to pin N
  or A. 
  

  12.5.  How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?
  
  A new programming technique makes it possible to acheive 9600 bps on an
  unexpected Commodore 64 without the use of a Swiftlink cartridge.  
  Daniel Dallmann of Germany is the originator of this technique and is
  currently writing modem drivers for some of the popular C64 terminal
  emulation programs to take advantage of this new technique.
  
  The interface described below is a little more complex than the one
  in Section 12.4, but has many advantages:

  * The interface generates proper EIA232 (RS-232) voltage levels.  
    The one in Section 12.4 relies on the ability of most newer RS232
    equipment to handle lower voltages.
    
  * The following interface can be used as a direct replacement for on 12.4, and will work will all most
    telecommunications programs at up to 2400 bps, while providing the
    necessary interfacing to allow suitably equipped applications to
|   operate at up to 9600 bps.  (Some programs needing DCD and DTR lines
|   may have problems.)
    
  * if you currently own a normal RS232 interface, that interface can be
    modified to incorporate the new interfacing for 9600 bps operation.   
    (in some cases one line of the old interface has to be disconnected,
     see note **1 )

  9600 bps is the maximum limit this type of technique due to the timing
  limitations of the C64.  The delay between the activation of the NMI-handler
  and the falling edge of rxd is too long.  The handler must be called in 
  less than 100 cycles.  That's no problem at 9600 bps, but for 19200 baud 
  (the next higher baud rate), you have only 50 cycles, and that's impossoble 
  (because of VIC-DMA ).  On a C128 in fast mode 38400 baud may be possible,
  but I don't have a C128, so someone else has to try it out.


              Schematic of a very simple RS232-Interface:
  
  
    userport                       MAX232         rs232   9pin  25pin
                                +----------+
                                !          !
  (C)    pb0--+                 !          !
              !                 !    /!    !
  (B)  flag2--*--------------------O< !---------  rxd     2      3
              !                9!    \!    !8
  *7*    sp2--+                 !          !
                                !          !
  *6*   cnt2--+                 !          !
              !                 !          !
  *L*    pb7--+ <NOTE **1!>     !          !
                                !  !\      !
  (M)    pa2--*--------------------! >O---------  txd     3      2
              !               11!  !/      !14
  *5*    sp1--+                 !          !
                  74ls00        !          !
                  +-----+       !          !
                  !     !       !  !\      !
  (D)    pb1-*------>O-------------! >O---------  rts     7      4
             !   1!     !3    10!  !/      !7
             +----!     !       !          !
                 2!     !       !    /!    !
  (K)    pb6--------O<-----*-------O< !---------  cts     8      5
                 6!     !4 !  12!    \!    !13
                  !     !--+    !          !
  (1)    gnd------!     !5      !          !---   gnd     5      7
                 7!     !       !          !15
  (2)    +5V------!     !       !          !     (dsr     6      6)
                14+-----+       !          !
                                !          !     (dcd     1      8)
                                !          !
                                !          !     (dtr     4     20)
                    c2  ! !+    !          !
| (2)    +5v------------! !-----!          !     (ri      9     22)
                        ! !    2!          !
                                !          !
                    c4 +! !     !          !
  (1)    gnd------------! !-----!          !
                        ! !    6!          !
                                !          !
                     c1 ! !+    !          !
                      +-! !-----!          !
                      ! ! !    1!          !
                      !         !          !
                      +---------!          !
                               3!          !
                     c3 ! !+    !          !
                      +-! !-----!          !
                      ! ! !    4!          !
                      !         !          !
                      +---------!          !
                               5!          !
                                !          !
  (1)    gnd--------------------!          !
                              15!          !
                                !          !
  (2)    +5V--------------------!          !
                              16+----------+

  (x) - connections required for a normal RS232-Interface.
  *x* - additional connections to go up to 9600 baud.

| remark: The MAX232 needs 4 capacitors to generate +/- 10 volts to
|         drive the RS-232 unit.  The values are as such:  (in uF)

|         IC       C1   C2   C3   C4                        
|         -------  ---  ---  ---  ---
|         MAX232   1.0  1.0  1.0  1.0  
|         MAX232A  0.1  0.1  0.1  0.1  
|         MAX232E  1.0  1.0  1.0  1.0  
                         
  notes :
     **1 Some other interfaces use this pin.  In that case you have to cut 
         the connection and change it to new way.  PB7 is normally used to 
         receive the DSR (Data Set Ready) signal from the modem, but this 
         signal isn't supported by all terminal progruse of the new 
         wiring DSR will seem to be active to all 'old' programs, so that 
         there won't be any troubles.


     Top view of the used ICs:
  
          74 LS 00                    MAX232
          +------+                   +------+
     inA -!1 \/14!- vcc       +cap1 -!1 \/16!- Vcc
     inA -!      !-  inC      +cap2 -!      !- GND
    outA -!      !-  inC      -cap1 -!      !- RS232/txd
     inB -!      !- outC      +cap3 -!      !- RS232/cts
     inB -!      !-  inD      -cap3 -!      !- TTL/^cts
    outB -!      !-  inD      -cap4 -!      !- TTL/txd
     gnd -!7    8!- outD  RS232/rts -!      !- TTL/^rts
          +------+        RS232/rxd -!8    9!- TTL/rxd
                                     +------+
          4 X NAND
                                     2 X RS232 transmitter
                                     2 X RS232 receiver

        user port (view on C64s backside)

       1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12   (top)
      ------------------------------------
       A  B  C  D  E  F  H  J  K  L  M  N   (bottom)
  
          1 - GND       A - GND
          2 - +5V       B - ^flag2
          3 - ^reset    C - pb0
          4 - cnt1      D - pb1
          5 - sp1       E - pb2
          6 - cnt2      F - pb3
          7 - sp2       H - pb4
          8 - ^pc2      J - pb5
          9 - atn in    K - pb6
          10- 9V AC     L - pb7
          11- 9V AC     M - pa2
          12- GND       N - GND


  12.6.  How can I determine how much VDC video memory is in my C128?

  Here are two ways to detect whether the C128 VDC chip has 16kB or 64kB
  of RAM. 

  1 rem fred's nifty program to determine size of 8563 dram
  5 w=dec("cdcc"):r=dec("cdda")
  10 bank15: ad=dec("d600"): da=ad+1 :rem setup ml
  20 pokead,28: s=peek(da): pokeda,63 :rem select 64k
  30 i=16896: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysw,85,31 :rem write $55
  40 i=16896: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysr,,31:rregc1 :rem read here
  50 i=17152: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysr,,31:rregc2 :rem and here
  60 i=16896: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysw,170,31 :rem write $aa
  70 i=16896: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysr,,31:rregc3 :rem read here
  80 i=17152: sysw,i/256,18:sysw,iand255,19:sysr,,31:rregc4 :rem and here
  s:sysdec("ff62") :rem restore 16/64k
  95 print chr$(14)chr$(147)
  100 irint "16K": else print"64K"  :rem did it echo? 
  110 end

  or:

  POKE DEC("D600"),28:POKE DEC("D601"),63:SYS DEC("FF62"):SCNCLR

  If you have 16k the screen will fill with zeros; 64k will give you a 
  ready prompt.

 
  12.7.  How can I convert my C64 to run on battery power?

  The July, 1990 issue of 73 Amateur Radio has an article on converting
  the C64 and 1541 to run on DC power. I'll summarize the C64 portion:

  DC Power Conversion for the C64

  1. Locate component CR4 on the circuit board. Mark the positive hole on
     the board. Desolder and remove the component.
     
  2. Rest :-)

  3. Connect the marked hole to +12V.

  4. Desolder and remove VR1. Looking down at the component side of the
     board, connect a wire from the vacant righand run it to
     +12V.

  5. Locate L5. It will probably be in one of two locations. On the older
     version, desolder the right hand leg and lift. On the newer version,
     desolder the top leg and lift.

  6. Connect +5V to the empty L5 hole.

  7. Locate the R37 and R100 pads. Use a continuity meter to find the pads
     that are connected. Desolder and lift these legs. You will insert a
     60 Hz clock here.

  8. You could generate this clock using a ve's one:
                                  +12V
          __________________________|
          |                         |
          | C1    R1          ______|_______
          |-)|-+-/\/\/-+-----|6     8       |
          |    |       \     |              |
          |   XTAL1    / R2  |    MM5369    |
          |    |       \     |              |
          |-)|-+-------+-----|5            1|---> 60 Hz (to R37 pad)
            C2               |      2       |
                              ---------------
                                    |
                                   GND

  C1 = 30 pF
  C2 = 3-15 pF (variable)
  XTAL1 = 3.57 MHz crystal
  R1 = 1k
  R2 = 10M

  It is suggested that you use a short length of shielded coax cable to
  connect the 60 Hz output to the R37/R100 pad.

  Also, it is suggested that you use a frequency counter to tune the above
  circuit to exactly 60 Hz.

  This conversion would work well if you wanted to use the C64 in a car or powered
  by a solar set-up.


  12.7.  How do I build a GEOCable interface?
  
  The interface is simply a cable between the printer and the user port.  
  The pinout is as follows:
  
  pin on 64        pin on printer
  
  a  Ground        33  Grond
  b  Flag 2        11  Busy
  c  PB0            2  Data 1
  d  PB1            3  Data 2
  e  PB2            4  Data 3
  f  PB3            5  Data 4
  h  PB4            6  Data 5
  j  PB5            7  Data 6
  k  PB6            8  Data 7
  l  PB7            9  Data 8
  m  PA2            1  Strobe
  n  Ground        16  Ground

  Superscript uses the same cable, but has the following change:

  b  Flag 2        10  Acknowledge

  Either wiring will work with either program, but the GEOCable wiring
  is preferred.
  
  
+ 12.8.  How do I connect my Commodore printer to an IBM PC?

+ Look for the plans for the interface at:

+ http://www.coast.net/simtel/msdos/info/c64topc.zip

  

-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 8/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 01:10:25 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p8
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part8
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part8
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part8
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1996/08/12
		       	

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------

  13.  Enhancements
  13.1.  How do I increase my disk drive's transfer speed?
  13.1.1.  What is a Fastloader?
  13.1.2.  What is a ROM replacement?
  13.1.3.  What are the disadvantages to using a drive enhancemenat other things can I do to speed up the drive?
  13.2.  How do I expand my disk drive's capacity?
  13.2.1.  What is a Hard Drive?  Who sells them?
  13.2.2.  What is 64NET?
+ 13.2.3.  What is SERVER64?
  13.3.  How do I expand my computer 13.3.1.  What is a Ram Expansion Unit?
  13.3.2.  What is a geoRAM Unit?
  13.3.3.  What is battery backed GeoRAM (BBGRam)?
  13.3.4.  What is a RAMLink?
  13.3.5.  What is a RAMDrive?
  13.3.6.  How do I expand my C128 Video RAM?
  13.3.7.  How do I expand my C64 internally?
  13.3.8.  How do I expand my C128 internally?
  13.4.  How do I increase my computer's speed?
  13.4.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's speed?
  13.4.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's speed?
  13.4.3.  Can I speed up other Commodore computers?
  13.5.  How do I increase my computer screen's resolution?
  13.5.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's screen resolution?
  13.5.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's screen resolution?
  13.5.3.  How do I increase other CBM computers' resolutions?
  13.6.  How do I increase my computer's serial transfer speed?
  13.7.  How do I increase my computer's sound quality?
  13.8.  What other ways can I expand my Commodore computer?

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  
  13.  Enhancements
  
  If you like to tinker with your Commodore to get the best possible
  performance out of it, these suggestions and products may help you
  in your quest.
  
   
  13.1.  How do I increase my disk drive's transfer speed?
  
  Since the introduction of the Commodore VIC-20 and the slow serial bus,
  Commodore owners have been plagued by slow disk access.  There are two 
  ways to allevaiet this problem, fastloaders and ROM replacements.

  
  13.1.1.  What is a Fastloader?

  The Commodore 1541 drive and any drive attached to a VIC-20, C64, Plus 4,
  C116, or C16 suffer from very slow read and write times.  This is caused
  by Commodore's haste in "economizing" the IEEE-488 bus used in the PET
  series of Commodore computers into the serial bus.  The IEEE-488 bus
  transferred 8 bits of data at a time, and performed some synchronization
  steps, or handshaking, between bytes.  Commodore reduced the path to 1 bit
  but kept most of the original handshaking, most of which is redundant when
  transferring 1 bit at a time.  Early on, some developers noted that, since
  the 1541 drive was intelligent enough to execute a program loaded into its
  RAM, and the Commodore operating do disk I/O could be
  bypassed, they could write software that spedby
  modifying or completely changing the protocol used on the serial bus.  This
  is the idea behind fastload cartridges like FastLoad, Mach 5, etc...


  13.1.2.  What is a ROM replacement?
  
  As programs became more complex, some programs would not operate with
  this approach.  Thus, the developers then rewrote parts of the Commodore
  operating system on both the computer and the disk drive, and replaced the
  parts of them that did disk I/O with new pieces of code.  This is the idea
  behind JiffyDos and others.

  The basic idea in speeding up the disk drive is to use more than 1 line
  to transfer data, effectively doubling the transfer speed.  Then, reduce
  synchronization requirements in the protocol to a bare minimum, as
  synchronizing time is time not being used to do transfers.

  The fastload cartridges are handicapped somewhat by the need to transfer
  the portion of the program that runs in the disk drive to the drive using
  the slow speed evry time the drive is used.  This can be alleviated
  somewhat, but the replacement operating system replacement products like
  JiffyDos win the race since they do not need to load code into the drive,
  as it is already there.


  13.1.3.  What are the disadvantages to using a drive enhancement?
  
  The products are not 100% compatible, as they sacrifice reliability for
  speed somewhat.  That means that a program that does not load due to an
  error while using a fastload product will probably load without the
  fastloading enabled.  Also, some programs can not handle the change in
  loading or reading speed, so these enhancements yield about 90%
  compatibility.


  13.1.4.  What other things can I do to speed up the drive?
  
  You can also increase the speed of disk drive operation by organizing
  consecutive parts of a file on disk to fall a certain number of disk
  sectors apart.  This is called the interleave or interleaving factor.
  Normally, a 1541 disk drive space consecutive parts of a file 10 sectors
  apart, but you can change that a little to minimize the time needed to find
  consecutive parts of a file.

  Also, the C128 in 128 mode hooked up to a 1571 or 1581 has a built-in
  fastloading scheme called burst loading.  Therefore, if you are in 128 mode
  and hooked up to a 1581 or a 1571, you already have this feature. mode reverts back to the old slow serial routines, and the 128
  in any mode using a 1541 cannot use the burst load routines.

  
  13.2.  How do I expand my disk drive's capacity?
  
  Software Support International sells the 1541 RAMBoard, which will increase
  you 1541's memory.  SSI used to market a similar board for the 1571, but they
  have depleted stock and no longer carry it.
  
  You can also expand your disk drives on board RAM capacity, and use that extra
  memory for better archiving performance.


+ 13.2.1.  What is a Hard Drive?  Who sells them?
  
+ A hard disk drive is a non-removable ramdom access medium similar that 
+ allows one to store very large quantities of data.  Hard disk drives
+ are mandatory on most newer computer systems, but are usually optional
+ for Commodore 8-bit computers.  However, the faster load time, the 
+ greater capacity, and the ease of use make them desirable.
  
  CMD sells hard drives for the Commodore 64 and 128.  They range in sizes
  from 50 Megabytes on up.  In comparison, a Commodore 1581 drive holds
  .8 Megabytes.


+ 13.2.2.  What is 64NET?
  
  If you have access to an IBM of some kind (preferrably with a hard drive),
  you can use a product called 64NET to hook the drive up to the Commodore.
  64NET consists of a cable which connects the CBM User Port and the IBM
  Parallel Port together, and a program that runs on both machines.  The
  program on the IBM is a standard application, but the CBM part is a wedge,
  so it should integrate seamlessly with some programs.  There is now just
  one copy of the product.  Registered users simply receive a 64NET.KEY
  file that enables SAVING.  There is a student discount of AUS$40.00.

  The product is at version 1.82.62 and has full OPEN/CLOSE/READ/READST
  support, can support 4 gigabyte IBM partitions, and have a built-in
  off-board monitor which includes some dos wedge functions. The
  IBM programs have link-based helpsystems and will run on any IBM
  machine.  The registered version allows saving of files, wheras the PD
  version does not.  The registered version also contains support for GEOS.
  
  The registered BETA version is availabwith upgrade to final version
  free) for AUS$50.00, while the unregistered version is free.  These
  prices do not include the cable that is required for operation.  The cable,
  program, and more information ived from Paul Gardner-Stephen at
  gardners@ist.flinders.edu.au.  Also, the system can be ordered from:

  In Europe:

  Performance Peripherals Europe
  Germany
  +49 2227 3221

  Michael Renz
  +49 2227 3221

  And in Australia from:

  Russell Alphey
  +61 3 4278558 (A/H
  r.alphey@dce.vic.gov.au

  Paul Gardner-Stephen
  +61 8 277 7479 (A/H)

  Versions are available for the C64 and C128, and a C65 version is close to
  completion.
  
+ Also available is an Software Development Kit (SDK) with a CBM 
+ cross assembler.
				 
  
+ 13.2.3.  What is SERVER64?

  SERVER64 is a product like 64NET, in that it allows you to use an IBM PC
  unlike 64NET, SERVER64 does not require
  a connection to the user port and a special boot program be run.  Instead,
  the system uses an X1541 cable to attach the Commodore 64 serarallel port.  
  
  The product is available at:
  
  ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/incoming/SERVER64.ZIP
  
  Documentation is available at:
  
  ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/incoming/SERVER64.TXT
  
  Both are expected to move temulation directory soon.
  
  
  13.3.  How do I expand my computer's RAM capacity?
 
  13.3.1.  What is a Ram Expansion Unit?
  
  The original form of RAM expansion available to the C6e the
  Commodore REUs (Ram Expansion Units).  These REUs plug into the cartridge
  port, and provide 128K (the C=1700), or 512K (the C=1750)
  of additional RAM.

  This RAM is not true system RAM however; simply adding a 512K REU to your
  system does NOT mean that your word processor will suddenly be able to edit
  512K larger documents.  A REU will only be used by a program that was
  written to take advantage of an REU.  As a caveat on this, you can use your
  REU as additional RAM for a RAMLink .

  An REU can be used as a Commodore  running the program
  RAMDOS.  This will allow users to save and load files from the REU.

  If you are using CP/M, the REU can be configured to act like a disk drive
  under CP/M.

  Although the C=1764 was originally adverthe 1700 and
  1750 for the C128, any of the three RAM expanders will work with either the
  C64 or the C128.  Note that if you want to use any of them on the C64, you
  need a heavy duty power supply.  The 1764 comes with such a power supply.

  There are hardware expand a 1700 or a 1764 to 512K;
  additionally, a 512K REU can be expanded to 1 Meg or more.  The plans are 
  at ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/hardware.  While it appears completely
  safe to upgrade your REU to 1 Meg, there have bee problems
  with REU's upgraded to 2 Megs.  Sometimes the REU will work fine for a while,
  then fail.  If you are upgrading your REU, it would probably be wise to stop
  at 1 Meg.  If you are  consider a CMD RAMLink.
  
  If you don't wish to do it yourself, there are people who will do it for 
  you, for a fee.  The following individual will do RAM expansions on the 
  17xx series. He Has lots of experience doingions. His 
  current quoted price for expanding a 1750 from 512k to 1 meg is $60. Call 
  for the latest prices.  In addition he can do repairs on the RAM.

  Raymond Day
  9601 Morton Taylor Road
  Belleville, MI 48111-1328
  r.day@genie.geis.com (Contact)
  (313) 699-6727

  On a similar note, Software Support International sells a device called
  the 175unctions just like a 1750.  It is not as expandable
  as the real 1750, but can be used where a 1750 is recommended or required.

  13.3.2.  M Unit?

  When Commodore REUs became hard to find several years back, Berkeley
  Softworks introduced geoRAM, which is a 512K RAM expander.  This RAM
  expander gives you all of the advantages of a 1750 with GEOS.  However, it is
  not 1750 compatible, so it will not work like a 1750 outside of GEOS; it is
  transparent to other programs.  (As a caveat on this, see the info on
  RAMLink)).  DesTerm128 2.0 will not work with a geoRAM plugged in.  A
  special version of GEOS 2.0 (which is bundled with geoRAM) is necessary to
  use geoRAM.  No additional power supply is necessary to use geoRAM.  The
  geoRAM can be upgraded to 2MB also.  Contact Jens-Michael Gross at
  grossibr@buran.fb10.tu-berlin.de for information on upgrading the geoRAM.

  The geoRAM can be used without GEOS if it is installed in a RAMDrive or
  RAMLink.  See Section 13.3.4 for information.
  
  13.3.3.  What is battery backed GeoRAM (BBGRam)?
  
  Battery Backed GeoRam is a products marketed by Performance Peripherals
  Incorporated.  The unit is actually a geoRAM clone, but has battery backup 
  included within the unit.  The unit can be ordered in the following 
  configurations:
 
  512kBytes     $92.97US
  1MBytes      $123.97US
  2MBytes      $165.97US

  13.3.4.  What is a RAMLink?

  RAMLink (RL) is a RAM expansion devices from CMD.  The RAM in thesto native mode partitions (with dynamically allocated 
  subdirectories), or 1541, 1571, or 1581 emulating partitions.  Thanks to the
  15x1 emulating partitions, software does not have to be specifically written
  to run with a RL. The RL devices should appear as a disk drive to most 
  programs.  One notable exception is DesTerm v2.00, which does not work 
  with the RL.  There are few other exceptions, and no major commercial 
  program has a problem running with an RL .  The deciding factor seems to be 
  whether or not the program uses a drive's internal ram.  The RL does not 
  'mimic' having this type of internal drive ram, and if a program relies 
  upon this it will not run.  The heavily copy protected Digital Solutions' 
  programs use this drive ram for its burst loading routines.  So, even 
  though a Maverick/RamBoard combination will write a copy of it to the RL, 
  it will fail to boot.  However, these programs, once booted from a 1571, 
  will use and access all of RL's many functions for lightening fast loads 
  and saves.

  RL has ts own power sources, separate from the computer.  When you turn 
  off the computer, the power to the RL is left on, leaving its contents 
  intact.  This power supply always remains on.  (For safety from power 
  outages, battery backups are also available.)

  RAMLink is a powerful, large device.  It can be configured from 0 to
  up to 16 Megs of RAM, using industry standard 1x8 (100ns) 1 Meg and 4 Meg
  SIs can be used.)  The RL is constructed so that
  the user may easily add additional SIMMs at any time.

  RAMLink has a port into which you can plug a Commodore REU or a geoRAM.
  You can configure RAMLink to either leave this RAM device alone, or to use
  the REU/geoRAM's RAM just as if it were part of the RAMLink's RAM.  A
  RAMLink also has a pass-through port, in which you can plug a normal
  C64/C128 cartridge, and a parallel port for a CMD hard drive.  The latter
  greatly improves the transfer speed of data between your computer and the
  hard drive.

  If you have a geoRAM, the geoRAM can be plugged into the RL .  the
  geoRAM then acts as an extra piece of ram-based disk storage.

  The RL comes with a very well documented, thorough, and easily
  referenced User Manual.  Contact CMD for more details.


  13.3.5.  What is a RAMDrive?
  
  The RAMDrive is similar in function to the RAMLink sold by CMD (see 
  Section 13.3.4).  The main differences are the smaller amount of memory
  (1-4 MB) and the smaller size. 
  
  At one time, the RAMDrive was sold by CMD, but is no longer available 
  through them. However, Performance Peripherals, Inc. still sells the
  RAMDrive unit.  
  
  
  13.3.6.  How do I expand my C128 Video RAM?

  The original, "flat" C128's came with an 80 column display that had it's own
  display RAM that was separate from the system memory of the computer.  This
  "VDC RAM" was 16K in size.  After Commodore, they
  changed the design and marketed some versions of the Commodore 128D with
  64K of VDC RAM.  Since them, some programs (e.g. I-Paint, Dialogue128)
  have come out that either need or support 64K of VDC RAM.  Owners of flat
  128's can upgrade their video RAM to 64K either by ordering an upgrade
  plug-in board(e.g. from Software Support International), or by replacing the
  RAM chips themselves.  All that needs to be done is, the two 4416 RAM chips
  next to the VDC chip need to be replaced with 4464 RAM chips.  Note,
  however, that since this involves soldering in tight quarters on your 128's
  motherboard, it is very easy to damage the motherboard or the nearby VDC
  chip.  Whenever you wish to use the extra RAM, be sure to set bit 4 in the
  VDC register 28 (0 = 16kB, 1 = 64kB).
  

  13.3.7.  How do I expand my C64 internally?

  THE TRANSACTOR magazine published two articles written by Paul Bosacki on
  expanding the Commodore 64.  The first article (in Transactor 9.2) described
  how to expand the 64 to 256kB by swapping RAM chips and contained switches
  to perform some special options.  The second (in Transactor 9.6) describes
  how to expand the Commodore 64 to 1MB, using a 512kB REU and 512kB on the
| motherboard.  In addition, this expansion needs no switches to enable
  options, which is an enhancement to the first article.

  The Nordic/Finnish MicroBITTI magazine publishPekka
  Pessi on expanding the Commodore 64.  Pessi's design (in MicroBITTI Issues
  1 and 2 for 1987) split the C64 memory map into 4 16kB pages, which could be
  each mapped to any 16kB page in 256kB of memory.  It uses the same approach
  of swapping the 64kB DRAMs for 256kB ones, but does the addressing somewhat
  differently.

  In 1993, Marko Makela, with help from Pekka Pessi, translated Pessi's
  article into English and made it available via the Internet.  It is now
  available at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/documents/ or
  ftp://x2ftp.oulo.fi:/pub/cbm/docs/
  

  13.3.8.  How do I expand my C128 internally?

  Marko Makela has written an article on how to expand the C128 and C128D's
  memory up to 1024kB.  It is compatible with his earlier article on expanding
  the C64 to 256kB, so programs written for the expanded 64 should run on the
  expanded 128 in 64 mode.  The plan and schematic is available via ftp
  from nic.funet.fi in directory /pub/cbm/documents/1028.

  The C-256 and C-512

  Twin Cities 128  issues #30 and #31 have a hardware scheme for expanding
  your 128 to 256K or 512K.  To people who understand banking on the 128, the
  256K modification adds RAM blocks 2 and 3 to your system. tion adds four more RAM blocks that can be accessed as alternate RAM
  blocks 2 and 3, or as a completely separate set of RAM blocks 0-3.

  As with Commodore REUs, software must specifically support the expanded RAM.
  Since these modifications are relatively new, there is not much software out
  yet that supports the additional RAM.  However, ACE 128 does support this
  expansion without any special drivers.

  The hardware modification, while simple from software's point of view, is
  rather difficult to perform in hardware.  Richard Curcio, the designer of
  the memory modifications, can modify your 128 for you.  See Twin Cities 128
  issue #31 for more information.

  
  13.4.  How do I increase my computer's speed?

  There are a number of products that can increase the operating speed of
  the Commodore 64.  These products work by turning off the on-board 6510
  and turning on a compatible microprocessor, usually a 65C02 or a 65C816
  in 6502 emulation mode.  These products will work with any software that
  does not mind running up to 4 times faster and does not use any of the
  undocumented opcodes of the 6502 IC.
  
  Also, for a quick way to gain a small speed increase, please see Section 
  17.2.
  

  13.4.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's speed?

  Please note that some of these products are no longer offered for sale
  by the original companies, but can be purchased from individuals as used
  equipment.

  Turbo Master Accelerator for C64.

  The Turbo Master Accelerator is for a C64 (or C64 mode of C128) only, uses
  a Rockwell R65C02P4 microprocessor clocked at 4.09 MHz, has its own 64K of
  fast static RAM and a 32K EPROM, has hardware/software switchable speed
  between 4.09 and normal, and has an enhanced ROM with faster disk routines
  that can also be disabled.  A JiffyDOS compatibility option was available.

  Turbo Process Accelerator for the C64.

  This accelerator, made by Rossm"oller, uses a 65C816P-4 microprocessor
  to operate the 64 at three speeds: 1MHz, 4 MHz, or anything between 50kHz
  and 4 MHz.  The 65C816 is a 16 bit version of the 6502/6510, so it is
  possible to write software for the new IC that takes advantage of the 16
   accelerator, the only one being currently produced, is also the 
  fastest such accelerator for the Commodore 64 to date.  The module, 
  which plugs into the expansion port of the Commodore 64, increases
  the CPU processing speed from 1MHz to 8MHz.  It uses a 65816 CPU 
  (The 65816 is a descendant of the 65XX series) running at 8MHz to enable 
  the increased speed.  Also, it can be optional expanded to 4 or 8 MB RAM 
  onboad.  This product is the successor to the Rossmoeller TurboAccess 4MHz 
  accelerator card.  The unit has the capability to provide 10x speed disk 
  access via a parallel cable and has a CP/M option.  
  
  GEOS compatible requires the special patches that are available from the 
  manufacturer, and games or demos which do very intensive timing or raster
  effects might not fucntion correctly.  At present, the accelerator only
  works on PAL 64s of certain revisions and will not function on a C128 in 
  64 mode.  Currenlty, the REU is not supported.
  
  From the advertisement:
 
    "FLASH 8 is a GEOS-compatible module for the expansion port with a 65816
     CPU that speeds the C64 to 8Mhz by highest compatibility with existing
     software.  Additionally to the original Commodore Kernal a JiffyDos
     kernal is available. You can choose between two different kernals via
     DIP-switch.  Flash 8 comes either with 256 Kbyte or 1 Mbyte RAM onboard.

     A CP/M-emulator for running Z80-CP/M-Software, a macro-library and
     assembler for the 65816 in native-mode are included."

  The prices are:

  349 DM (~$245.00 US) for the unit with 256kB RAM.
  449 DM (~$315.00 US) for the unit with 1MB RAM.

  It is being manufactured and sold by Discount 2000 and Performance
  Peripherals, Inc.

  The Turbo Master Accelerator is for a C64 (or C64 mode of C128) only, uses
  a Rockwell R65C02P4 microprocessor clocked at 4.09 MHz,
  fast static RAM and a 32K EPROM, has hardware/software switchable speed
  between 4.09 and normal, and has an enhanced ROM with faster disk routines
  that can also be disabled.  A JiffyDOS compatibility option was available.

| CMD SuperCPU 64
		 
| The CMD Super 64 CPU accelerator cartridge, currently shipping from
  Creative Micro Designs, will allow a Commodore 64 or Commodore 128 (in 64
| mode) to reach CPU speeds of 20 MHz. 

| A Western Design Center 65C816S 16bit CPU core (with 6502 emulation) 
| forms the heart of the unit.  The accelerator is compatible will all 
| standard peripherals for the Commodore 64, including the 1500 series 
| disk drives and the 1700 series Ram Expansion Units.  In addition, the
| unit is compatible with GEORam and the various peripherals offered by 
| CMD, such as the HD and FD series disk drives and the RAMLink.					
  						   
| Internalla WDC 65C816S CPU and 64kB of fast static
| RAM for no-wait program processing.  Both a stock and JiffyDOS enhanced
| kernel are available, and the user can completely disable the unit if
| desired without unplugging.  Also, the speed of the unit (1MHz or maximum
| speed) can be selected via switch or software.  A pass through port 
| allows the user to use existing cartridges, and an expansion port
| dubbbed the "Rocket Socket" allows RAM or functionality enhancements to
  be added to the accelerator.

  Production units began on July 25, 1996, and a developer's package
  will be made available to software authors shortly.  The price is as
  follows:					    	   	 

  Super 64/20      US$199.00

  Creative Micro Designs, Incorporated. (CMD)
  15 Benton Drive
  P.O. Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028-0646
  (800) 638-3263 (Orders only)
  (413) 525-0023 (Information)
  (413) 525-0147 (Fascimile)
  cmd.sales@the-spa.com (Information and Pricing) 
  cmd.support@the-spa.com (Technical Support) 
  cmd.cac@the-spa.com (Charles Chistianson - Marketing) 
  doug.cotton@the-g Cotton - Technical Writer)
  

  13.4.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's speed?

  The ZIP card for your C128.

  This accelerator was not produced.  Its development has been stopped dueous problems. 
  
+ The SuperCPU 128
  
+ In addition to the SuperCPU 64 (see Section 13.4.1), Creative Micro
+ Designs is planning to introduce a 128 version of this 20 MHz accelerator.
+ Production dates are sceduled for around Christmas, 1996.  The price for
+ the 128 version has not yet been finalized.,  Contact CMD for more
+ information.


  13.4.3.  Can I speed up other Commodore computers?

  Although it is possoble to accelerate just about any Commodore machine, 
  no commercial products exist to speed up other Commodore computers.
  
  
  13.5.  How do I increase my computer screen's resolution?
 
  Although the Commodore computers once reigned in terms or screen
  rsolution and number of colors available, newer machines have surpassed
  it in both areas.  Depending on whether you want more characters on the
  screen or more colors at one time, these products might help.
   
  
  13.5.1.  How do I increase my Commodore 64's screen resolution?
  
  Since the Commodore 64's VIC-II cannot be expanded, the only way to increase
  the resolution of the Commodore 64 is to turn off the on-board video and
  replace its output with one from another IC.  The simplist approach
  involves attaching an 80 column video chip (6545, 6845, etc.) to the C64
  via the expansion port.  This will provide 80 columns of monochrome text.
  However, this is only useful for text applications, as most of these video
  devices are not capable of doing high resolution graphics.  Also, rently produced, but many are sold as used equipment
  by users.

  Batteries Included BI-80

  This unit combined an 80 column monochrome text video display (using the
  6545 IC) and BASIC 4.0.  Either options could be turned on or off via
  software control.

  DATA 20 80 column unit

  This unit preceded the BI80 unit, and was produced from 1982-1984.

  Protecto Enterprizes Protecto-80

  This was basically a repackaged DATA-20 unit.  Some circuitry was changed
  to permit price reduction, but the same functionality is there.


  13.5.2.  How do I increase my Commodore 128's screen resolution?

  The Commodore 128 comes equipped with an second video display controller
  in addition to the 40 column VIC chip.  This chip can be used while in
  64 mode through clever programming, and the controller's standard 640*200
  pixel size can be expanded to 640*400.  However, there is no way to
  completely overcome the color limitation of 16 colors


  13.6.  How do I increase my computer's serial transfer speed?
  
  If you wish to operate serial devices at speeds faster than what the 
  internal software emulated UART can handle, you will need to purchase 
  a UART interface.  There are a couple of different kinds, and each has 
  its advantages.
  
  To use these hardware UARTs, the application must be written to take
  advantage of the device.
  
  SwiftLink

  the SwiftLink cartridge is manufactured by CMD and allows speeds up to 
  38.4 Kbps.  This device contains a 6551 UART and plugs into your cartridge 
  port and supplies you with a standard 9-pin serial ect 
  the desired modem.  Dialogue128, Novaterm64, and Kermit(v2.2s) support 
  the SwiftLink.

  Creative Micro Designs, Incorporated. (CMD)
  15 Benton Drive
  P.O. Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028-0646
  (800) 638-3263 (Orders only)
  (413) 525-0023 (Information)
  (413) 525-0147 (Fascimile)
  cmd.sales@the-spa.com (Information and Pricing) 
  cmd.support@the-spa.com (Technical Support) 
  cmd.cac@the-spa.com (Charles Chistianson - Marketing) 
  doug.cotton@the-spa.com (Doug Cotton - Technical Writer)
  
  HART Cartridge
  
  The HART cartridge is a device similar to the Swiftlink in size.  However,
  the HART unit conatins an 8255 UART IC and can handle speeds up to 57.6Kbps.
  The unit is manufactured by Hatronics.
  
  Hatronics
  195 Lincoln Avenue
  Montclair, NJ  07042
  (201) 783-7264
  Mark Hatten (Contact)
  
  DataPump
  
  DataPump is a set of plans used to build a device that functions just like
  a Swiftlink.  The plans are available at many FTP sites.
   
  ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/CBM/documents/datapump.sfx (GEOS format)
  ftp://hamsterix.funet.fi/pub/CBM/documents/datapump.sfx (GEOS format)
  ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/INCOMING/hardware/
  
   
  13.7.  How do I increase my computer's sound quality?
  
  SID Symphony

  The C64 and C128 come equipped with 1 Sound Interface Device (SID) IC.
  This provides 3 channels of output.  For more channels, one can purchase the
  SID Symphony cartridge from CMD to provide 3 extra channels.  Most newer
  sound playing and editing software is able to use the extra channels.

  There are also a number of units one can purchase or build that will
  provide MIDI capabilities for Commodore 64 and 128 users.

  
  13.8.  What other ways can I expand my Commodore computer?
   
  There are many hardware iteme.  Below is a list of a few of
  them.  Note that some of these items may no longer be in production, and
  thus are only available as used equipment.

  80-Line Simplified Digital I/O Board

  This unit has 40 TTL input lines and 40 separffered digital output
  lines plus an expansion socket that could support a standard ROM   calendar cartridge.  It works on the C64 and all modes of the C128
  (including CP/M mode).  Its model number is the SS100 Plus.

  "Original Ultimate Interface"

  This is a universally applicable dual 6522 Versatile Interface Adapter board
  with four 8-bit fully bidirectional I/O ports, eight handshake lines, and four
  16-bit timer/counters.  It has IRQ interrupt capability and is expandable
  to four bo on the C64 and all modes of the C128 (including
  CP/M mode).  Its model number is the 641F22.

  A/D Conversion Module

  This unit is 16 channel, 8-bit, 100 microsecond conversion time.
  Piggy-backs on the 641F22 and thus requires it to operate.  Works on the
  C64 and all modes of the C128 (including CP/M mode).  Its model number is
  641F/ADC0816.

  The Spartan Apple ][+ emulator for the C64, by Mimic Systems, Inc.

  In addition to allowing the use of Apple ][+ hardware/software, this
  device boasted four software selectable C64 cartridge slots, a non-
  dedicated 8-bit parallel port, and standard audio cassette deck
  capabilities for the C64.

  ROM upgrades are available for the C-128 and the 1571.

  C64 Games Port Expander  (Model #8401) 40/80 column converter.

  Switchable, it has 4 independent cartridge sockets plus a 5th switch
  position accessing an 80 col. character set ROM - (limited usability
  because it *apparently* accesses a C64 Ram location which interferes
  with a lot of stuff, I forget where or how) - and a 6th switch position
  independent of the cartridge port for general use stuff.

  It was built into a neat steel housing designed to sit flat on the desktop
  and slide into the cartridge port at exactly the right height.

  

-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, nfo</a>
========
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 9/9
From: brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain)
Date: 13 Aug 1996 01:16:51 -0400


X-Posted-By: YPost, version 0.08


Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p9
Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part9
News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part9
Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part9
Version: 3.1
Last-modified: 1996/08/12
                       	

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Table of Contents (for this file)
  ---------------------------------
  
  14.  Programming
  14.1.  What Programming Languages are available?
  14.2.  What is a Cross Assembler?  How do I use one?
+ 14.3   What is an "undocumented opcode"?
   
  15.  User Groups

  16.  Sales and Service
 do I purchase Commodore Equipment and Software?
  16.2.  Where do I get equipment serviced?
  16.3.  How do I know who to buy from or request service   
  17. Miscellaneous
  17.1.  How fast does a Commodore 64 run?
  17.2.  How can a turn my NTSC-M 64 into a PAL-B 64 or vice versa?
  17.3.  What does this IC number mean?
+ 17.4.  What are the differences between C64 ROM Revisions?
     
  18. Credits   

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  

  14.  Programming
  
  
  14.1.  What Programming Languages are available?
 
  The following programming languages are known to exist for the CBM
  computers:

  Ada
  APL
  Assembly Language
  BASIC (interpreted and compiled)
  BASIC extenders
  C
  COBOL
  COMAL
  FORTH
  FORTRAN
  LISP
  LOGO
  MUMPS
  Pascal
  PILOT
 
  You name it, and it is probably available for the Commodore computer
  system.  The list of supported languages availeble for the Commodore
  8 bit computer systems is much too large to fir in the FAQ, but they are
  available at http://www.wimsey.com/~danf/cbm/languages.html.

  
  14.2.  What is a Cross Assembler?  How do I use one?
  
  A cross assembler is a program that runs on one computer and generates
  code for another computer.  Usually, a non 8-bit CBM machine generates
  the code using this program, but it can be another 64 hooked in some way
  to a "target" 64.  Whatever the caes that can be
  used:
  
  as6502          linking 6502 cross assembler
  masm6502        6502 macro cross-assembler
  ps65a12         Unix format 6502 cross assembler
  svasm02         6502 cross assembler
  xasm220         many-targeted cross assemblers
  smal6502        linking macro assembler written in portable PASCAL

  A more detailed list can be found at:
  http://www.wimsey.com/~danf/cbm/cross-development.html

  For all cross assemblers, the user will most likely benefit from a way to
  transm from the source platform to the target platform.  
  See Section 7 for information on products that will help transfer the
  files.


  14.3   What is an "undocumented opcode"?

  In the 65XX CPU line, each machine language instruction is a single byte,
  which allows for 256 instruction types, or opcodes.  However, there are
  fewer than 256 defined.  When designing the 65XX line, the designers, 
  needing to keep complexity down, decided to treat the extra opcode
  positions as "don't care" opcodes, where no effort would be made to makpcodes do anything special.  Since the opcodes are arranged in a
  16X16 matrix, with a row or column cotaining opcodes that perform similar
  operations, an undefined opcode in the matrix can have the behavior of
 its row or column or both.  These opcodes are called
  "illegal" or "undocumented" opcodes, and are occasionally used by
  demo coders to accomplish special timing effects, or by software
  programmers for copy protection code. ut these opcodes
  and what each does, the get the 64doc file at 
  ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/documents/64doc or visit a cbm emulator forum.


  15.  User Groups
  
  User's Groups fulfill a major function for Commodore owners.place to meet other users, discuss problems and solutions for computing, 
  teach and learn information about their machinee shared
  and friendships are made.  The Commodore community is made up largely by
  real or virtual user's groups.
  
  A complete list of Commodore user groups can be found at 
| http://www.msen.com/~brain/pub/cbm-ug-list.1.0.txt
  This file is also available from Jim Brain's MAILSERV server as file
  cbm-ug-list.txt.  (See Section 6.5.2 for directions on using the MAILSERV 
  sore owners are encouraged to join group to help keep these
  vital organizations around.  In addition, most user groups publish
  newsletters 


  16.  Sales and Service
   
  Sooner or later, every Commodore owner will need to get his or her
  computer serviced, add another peripheral, or simply purchase some
  enhancement hardware or software.  Contrary to popular belief, there
  is a large base of hardwarepliers and service centers.
   
   
  16.1.  Where do I purchase Commodore Equipment and Software?
   
  ESCOM (holder of the Commodore patents and copyrights), does not curre
  Commodore 64 and Commodore 128 computers.

  ESCOM also does not manufacture software for the Com However, many companies still sell software for the Commodore line.

  A complete list of Commodore hardware, peripheral, and software suppliers
| is available at http://www.msen.com/~brain/pub/cbm-supply-lis
  directions on using MAILSERV).


  16.2.  Where do I get equipment serviced?
   
  There are a number of repair facilities around that will bring your trusty
  Commodore computer up to speed again.  Please loo below for one
  that might be able to help you.  If that doesn't turn up anything, check
  with your local User's Group.
  
  A complete list of Commodore software and hardware repair facilities can
  be found at http://www.msen.com/~brain/pub/cbm-repair.txt or at Jim  MAILSERV server as file cbm-repair.txt.  (See Section 6.5.2 for dire
  on using MAILSERV)

   
  16.3.  How do I know who to buy from or request service from?
   
  The information provided in this file does not imply that a company is
  reputa in business.  It is best to use the above information
  as a starting point, and contact others who can discuss the various
  manufacturers and repair facilities listed above.
   
   
  17. Miscellaneous
  
  Well, this is where the chaff falowing questions are either
  too new to categorize or do not fit into a category.  
  
  
  17.1.  How fast does a Commodore 64 run?
  
  If you are using a stock Commodore 64, the CPU clock frequency is a function
  of the video timing frequency, which is slightly different for differing
  countries.  If you haveC64 (Common in Europe), the computer 
  is running at 985248.444Hz.  If you are using an NTSC-M C64 (Common in the 
  USA), the computer is running slightly faster, at 1022727.143Hz.  
  
  
  17.2.  How can a turn my NTSC-M 64 into a PAL-B 64 or vice versa?
  
  Changing a C64 from stock PAL-B to stock NTSC-M or vice versa
  requires swapping in the approproate VIC-II chip and the appropriate
  crystal, as well as changing a jumper on the motherboard (The jumper
  has printing near it that indicates whether to cut or connect the jumper).
  Also, if you have a version 1 KERNAL ROM and want to use the built-in
  RS-232 routines, you need to either swap KERNAL ROMs with the other 
  computer (not recommended), or obtain a revision 3 KERNAL (recommended).  
  
  Now, if maintaining stock operation is not a complete must, or if you
  just want to tinker, the crystal and jumper modifications can be made
  optional.  
  
  The VIC-II chip has a relaxed tolerance for timing, so it is possible to 
  run an NTSC-M VIC-II with a PAL-B crystal and jumper settings.
  The cssible as well.  Since the crystal frequency is used to 
  generate the frequencies for the TV and monitor output, your TV or
  monitor may not like the resuling hybrid signal very well, but it won't 
  break anythiIn addtion, the jumper indicated above determines the divisor used to scale 
  down the crystal frequency for the CPU.  For PAL-B units, the divisor is 
  18, and for NTSC-M units the divisor is 14.  The Commodore 64 will operate 
  regardless of the crystal frequency and state of this jumper.  Therefore, 
  to speed up a 64, one can install a PAL-B crystal (17734472Hz) and change
  the jumper to use the NTSC divisor (14) to increase the operating
  speed of the machine to 1266748Hz.  However, note that any operations (disk,
  rs-232, special VIC tricks) that require synchronized timing may fail in 
  this "non-stock" scenario.
  
   
  17.3.  What does this IC number mean?
  
  Here are a few Commodore IC numbers and their functions.  Note that this
| is an incomplete list.  A more comprehensive list is called csg.chips.info
  and is at ftp.funet.fi.        

  For the VIC-20:

  Mnemonic         PN#   Alt. PN#
  CPU              6502
  VIC-I (NTSC-M)   6560
  VIC-I (PAL-B)    6561
  CPU              6502

  For the C-64 and C-64C:

  Mnemonic         PN#   Alt. PN#
  CPU              6510
  VIC-II (NTSC-M)  6567  8562?
  VIC-II (PAL-B)   6569  8565
  VIC-II (PAL-N)   6572
  VIC-II (PAL-M)   6573
  SID              6581  6582  8580
  
  For the C-128(D):

  Mnemonic         PN#   Alt. PN#     Notes:
  CPU              8502
  VIC-IIe (NTSC-M) 8564
  VIC-IIe (PAL-B)  8566
  VIC-IIe (PAL-N)  8569
| DVDC             8563  8568         (get r9a or r9b if possible)
  SID              6581  6582  8580

  Differences between 64 boards:

  The older boards had discrete LSI logic and a PLA chip.  The newer
  boards put all the PLA and LSI logic into p.  On the
  older boards, the KERNAL and BASIC ROMs were separate, while they are
  combined in the newer design.
  
  There are two different models of the narrow board.  One has Color RAM,
  while the other does not.  The ASIC chip includes the PLA and 7 TTL chips,
  and the Color RAM on some machines machines.
  
  The new models use 9 volt versions 8580 SID, while older models use the
  6581 12 volt SID.  The VIC chip (6567 NTSC-M, 6569 PAL-B) has been replaced
  with the 8562 (NTSC-M) and 8565 (PAL-B) on newer models.
  
  Both BASIC 2.0 and the KERNAL ROM have been combined into one ROM for
  the C64C/G/GS.  This ROM is the same as is used on the C128 in C64 mode.
  The ROM is indentical except for nationality differences.

   
+ 17.4.  What are the differences between C64 ROM Revisions?

+ Well, they have a number of them, and each difference is documented and
+ explained in "The Commodore 64 Whole Memory Guide" by Tim Arnot.
+ (ftp://x2ftp.oulu.fi/pub/cbm/docs/c64-kernel.diffs)
		  			    

  18. Credits   
  
  I want to extend my thanks to t people for their help in
  providing correct, up-to-date information in this FAQ:

  Fred Mueller, who maintained this FAQ before I.
  Everyone who helped add to the 1.4 FAQ material to make the 2.0-2.2 FAQ.
  Everyone w add to the 2.2 FAQ to make the 3.0 FAQ.
+ Adam Vardy, with corrections to S.
+ Roger Long, for information on Random Magazine.
+ Jouko Valta, for information on C65 archives and kernal diffs.
+ Tom Cwikla, for info on ANADISK.
+ Alan Jones, for info on a new newsgroup mail gateway.
+ Antony Gibbs, for info on Commodore Zone.
+ Gaelyne Moranec, for info on GIF viewers.
+ John Keyerleber, for info on plans for CBM printer to PC interface.
+ David Gahris, for numerous WWW addresses.
+ Marc Frank, for error in cbm-supply-list.txt filename.
+ Jack Vander White, for address updates.
+ Jeff Daniels, for info on his company.
+ Paul MacArthur, for info on X1541 cable source.
+ Craig Bruce, for info on his FTP Mail Server.
+ Dirk Moell, for info on blinks on 8050.
+ Bob Masse, for info on C128 VDC IC revisions.
+ Alan Jones, for corrections to Daniel Dallmann's RS-232 interface.
+ Donald Ayers, for information on his GRASSROOTS #1 Disk.
+ Daniel Kahlin, for info on Over5.
+ Dallas Legan, for info on Transactor Index. 
+ Andre Fachat, for info on VICE.
+ Allen Smith, for info on COMPUTERSMITH Internet updates.
+ Jack vanderwhite, for updates on COMMODORE CEE BBS phone.
+ Jeff Jones, for updates on LOADSTAR prices.
+ Frank Ellert, for info on more UNIX-like OSes.
+ Paul McAleer, for informaiton on Micro-Bytes.
+ J. E. Sears, for info on PPI.
+ Jeff Jones, for information on LOADSTAR Letter going commercial.
+ Chris MCEE, for corrections on Demo terms.
+ R.T. Cunningham, for updates on SuperCPU dates and info.
+ Beth Gladen, for uncovering a bug in user group list filename.
+ Nhat-Viet Phi, for info on his RAMLink User's List.
+ Holger Heimes, for info on extra BBS numbers to get FAQ at.
+ Scott Eggleston, with new email info and merger of Underground info.
+ Jarno Lamberg, for corrections to 17.4 URL.
+ Eric Hoetzel, for info on 6502CC mailing list.
+ Jeff Daniels, for updates on the VIC newsletter.
+ Nick Rossi, for information on Novaterm 9.6.
+ Walt Roth, for corrections on posting frequency.

	 

-- 
Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII)(offline sig)
j.brain@ieee.org   "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, VR, Old CBM computers, and Good Times!  -Me-
<a href=http://www.msen.com/~brain/>Jim Brain: BII, VR, and CBM info</a>
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT THE NEW FORUM SOFTWARE
-------------------------------------------------------
These are some of the most common questions members may have about the new
forum software that's being released. For more details on any of these
answers, please GO HELPFORUM or GO FEEDBACK.


WHAT WILL LOOK DIFFERENT IN THE LIBRARIES?
     File names can now have eight characters before the extension (ie;
     .EXE) instead of six, and you'll see the name of the file contributor
     when you view a file's description instead of just the contributor's
     User ID number.
     
     If you use a terminal emulation program on CompuServe (one that
     doesn't use the windowed interface with the service), Browse, Directory,
     and List displays will all be one line longer than they were before. In
     addition, a new command, Inventory, has been added to get one-line
     descriptions of the files in a library in terminal emulation.

WHAT'S THIS PERSON'S NAME IN THE FILE DESCRIPTIONS?
     File descriptions always give the User ID number of the member who
     uploaded ( contributed) the file. Now, beside the User ID number, the
     file description will also display the name the uploader has in the
     forum. (Note: This is the name the member has in that forum, not
     necessarily the name on the account.)

WHY DON'T I SEE THE CONTRIBUTOR NAMES IN A FILE DESCRIPTION?
     If you're using a CIM (the CompuServe Information Manager) or
     CSNavigator on CompuServe, you won't see contributor names in
     descriptions until the next versions of the programs are available.
     Keep an eye on What's New and the CIM support forums for news about
     the new versions of software. You'll automatically be able to use
     longer file names in all your programs except CSNavigator for
     Windows.

HOW CAN I GET A ONE-LINE-PER-FILE LIST OF THE CONTENTS OF A LIBRARY?
     The new INVentory command in terminal emulation will give you a
     quick list of files. You can use the INV command like the other
     existing commands to search for certain files ("INV *.TXT" to
     look for all files that end in .TXT), list all files in a
     library ("INV"), or to list all the files in multiple libraries
     ("INV LIB:1-4" or "INV LIB:ALL").

WHAT DOES b, K, and M STAND FOR IN THESE FILE DESCRIPTIONS?
     The directory, list, and browse commands all abbreviate the file size.
     "B" stands for bytes, "K" for kilobytes, and "M" for megabytes.

WHEN DO I HAVE TO PAY POSTAGE FOR MAIL FROM FORUMS?
     Mail sent from forums will arrive free of postage charges except if:
     
       * The mail was composed in a free forum

       or

       * The mail is a forum message that expired (scrolled) from
         a forum after more than seven days and was copied to your
         mailbox.
     
     Scrolled messages are old messages that are deleted from a forum to
     make room for new messages. Some forums will automatically send you a
     copy of a scrolled message if it was addressed to you and you did not
     read it. If that message was waiting in the forum for seven days or
     less, it will arrive without postage, but if the message was over
     seven days old, your copy of the message will arrive postage due.
     Don't forget that you can always delete a scrolled message without
     reading it to avoid postage charges.

WHY DO I NEED TO TYPE "AGREE" WHEN I UPLOAD A FILE?
     CompuServe will now display more complete information about
     distribution of copyrighted material. When you upload a file, you'll
     need to type the word "agree" to confirm that you do have permission
     to upload the file that you're contributing to the forum.

MY AUTOMATED PROGRAM CAN'T UPLOAD A FILE! WHAT'S WRONG?
     The current versions of programs (like TapCIS, AutoSig, or OzCIS) that
     automate CompuServe use will not be able to script uploading files
     because of the new "agree" prompt. In order to upload files, you'll
     need to upgrade to new versions. Contact the program authors to get
     more information about which versions you'll need and how to upgrade
     to them.

WHAT DO I NEED TO UPGRADE?
     If you use a terminal emulation program like ProComm, MicroPhone, or
     SmartCom, you do not need to upgrade anything to use these new
     features.
     
     If you use the CompuServe Information Manager, you will be able to use
     longer filenames immediately. If you use CSNavigator, you will be
     able to search for and download longer filenames, but won't be able
     to upload files with 8.3 names or see contributor names. The next
     versions of these programs will support these features. Keep an eye
     on the What's New announcements or go to the CIM Support Forums for
     more information on when these new versions will be available.

copyright CompuServe Incorporated, March, 1995.

FAST.DOC 8.1
by Brad Ferguson [CIS 76354,2733]
Copyright (c) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 by Brad Ferguson
This revision effective as of May 10, 1988
        
WHAT IS FAST.DOC?
        This file describes a simple and economical way to read 
messages and send replies at high speed, all WITHOUT the need for 
special software.  Reading messages and responding to them is 
done off-line; you pay connect charges only for those few minutes 
it takes to download EasyPlex mail and Forum messages, and to 
upload your replies.
        Any word processing program capable of storing files as TEXT 
can be used for FAST.DOC, as can any telecommunications program 
able to capture and send such files.
        FAST.DOC can be used at any baud rate in any CompuServe 
Forum and in EasyPlex.

THE NEW SIGWARE
        CompuServe came up with a radical revision of the SIGware in 
early 1988.  This new version seems friendlier to the more casual 
CompuServe user, as commands are now closer to real English.  
Long-time CompuServe subscribers (and FAST.DOC aficionados) will 
probably find the new SIGware a pain in the butt, though -- at 
least at the beginning.
        
A SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT COMMANDS
        The new SIGware allows you to write out commands in full, or 
to abbreviate each word in those commands to three letters (or 
even fewer, in some cases).  All commands will be given in full 
here to avoid confusion; just be aware that you can abbreviate 
them.  For instance, FAST.DOC will tell you to use READ WAITING, 
but you can abbreviate that to REA WAI, if you like.  By the way, 
it doesn't matter if you enter any of these commands in upper or 
lower case.
        One other thing: Sometimes you'll see a command here such as 
LIB n.  The n simply stands for a number -- in this particular 
case, the number of a data library.
        
ALL ABOUT BAUD RATES
        Which baud rate should you use for sending and receiving 
messages? I'd strongly suggest the fastest rate available to you, 
if you have a choice.
        While 1200 and 2400 baud charges are currently about twice 
the rate for 300 baud, all sending and receiving is accomplished 
four to eight times more quickly -- leading to a bottom-line 
savings of 50 to 75 percent.  You need not make special 
arrangements with CompuServe to upload or download at a 
particular baud rate.  Just do it.  CompuServe's host computers 
will know which rate you're using.  (In case you're using 2400 
baud, make sure you're using a 2400-baud node -- that is, that 
the CompuServe access number you're calling can handle 2400 baud.  
Some nodes cannot, and they will bounce you into 1200 baud 
automatically.  Simply GO PHONES to check the phone numbers and 
associated baud rates for all listed nodes in your area.)

THE OPTION CHANGES YOU'LL NEED FROM THE FORUM
        The idea behind FAST.DOC is for you to be able to zip 
through CompuServe with no need or regard for menus or prompts 
that tend to retard your speed and run up your connect charges.  
While the novice user will find CompuServe menus useful, the more 
experienced user will probably prefer to use a series of short 
prompts that replace those menus.
        To use the FAST.DOC method, you'll have to order some option 
changes from each Forum.  With the new SIGware, these changes can 
all be ordered in one place; they'll travel with you as you go 
from Forum to Forum.  Simply GO PROFILE and follow the 
instructions you'll find there.  You can also make the necessary 
changes in each individual Forum you visit, if you like; that's 
the method we'll discuss here.
        Go to the main menu of the Forum (that is, the first menu 
you see) and choose OPTIONS.  Choose it before you do anything 
else, even if you have messages marked for you.  (If you've 
already changed your options so that you don't get menus, then 
simply enter OPTIONS at the first "Forum !" prompt upon your 
arrival in the Forum.)
        Follow the Forum's directions on how to register option 
changes.  When you've finished, your list of options should read:

FORUM OPTIONS
 1 INITIAL menu/prompt [Forum]
 2 Forum MODE [COMMAND]

MESSAGES OPTIONS
 3 PAUSE after messages [Never]
 4 NAME [Brad Ferguson]
 5 Prompt CHARACTER []
 6 EDITOR [EDIT]
 7 SECTIONS [...]
 8 HIGH msg read [3949]
 9 REPLIES info [List]
10 TYPE waiting msgs [NO]
11 SKIP msgs you left [NO]

        Notes on the above:
        Item 1: The choices are between Forum, Messages and 
Libraries.  Choose the Forum option.
        Item 2: You're allowed to choose between your Profile 
setting, or the Menu and Command modes.  If your Profile is set 
for Command mode, then use Profile if you like.  Otherwise, use 
Command mode.  In any case, do NOT use Menu mode.
        Item 3: You never want messages to stop scrolling.  The idea 
is to eliminate as many prompts as possible, right?
        Item 4: This allows you to enter whatever handle you'd like 
to use (assuming you're in a Forum that allows handles).
        Item 5: The prompt character should be left blank.  You 
don't want prompts.
        Item 6: Use the EDIT editor from now on; set it either her 
or in Profile.  EDIT suits the FAST.DOC method better.  LINEDIT, 
the alternative option here, is slower to use than EDIT.  Its 
main attraction is that it includes line numbers, which you don't 
need if you're composing off-line.
        Item 7: Choose any or all subtopics, however you like; it 
doesn't matter to FAST.DOC.
        Item 8: This is the number of the highest message you've 
read so far in the Forum.
        Item 9: The way you set the replies-info mode is a matter of 
personal taste.  I keep it at List, which gives me all the 
individual message numbers; some people like to use Count, which 
simply gives the number of messages following that one in the 
thread.  Other people don't want ANY of that information.  It's 
up to you; it makes no diffeence to FAST.DOC.
        Item 10: Answering yes to Type Waiting Messages will deliver 
all your pending messages when you enter the Forum.  It's an 
automatic READ WAITING command.  You may or may not want to 
exercise this option.  If you're in the habit of reading all your 
messages every time you enter the Forum, then you might do well 
to answer yes.  If, however, you're like me and sometimes enter 
the Forum for other reasons -- for example, to go to a conference 
or download something from the data libraries -- you may not want 
your marked messages delivered to you.  In that case, you should 
answer no.  (Once you've had your pending messages delivered, the 
only way you're going to find them again is to search for them.)
        Item 11: Set the Skip Messages You Left option to whatever 
suits you.  I find it more convenient to have my messages 
delivered back to me; it refreshes my memory.  But you don't have 
to do that if you don't want to.

        All right, then.  When you've entered these options, all 
messages sent to you will roll smoothly onto your screen with no 
interruptions.  You'll have to make sure that your terminal 
program is set to capture as TEXT everything that happens during 
the session.  This will allow you to read the messages at your 
leisure, later, when you're off-line.
        If you have a terminal program that cannot capture an 
incoming file, you will have to print out the messages in real 
time as they come in -- at a substantial reduction in speed, too, 
since under these circumstances you will HAVE to use 300 baud: No 
home-use printer can echo a feed at a higher baud rate.
        
CAPTURING A DOWNLOAD WITH FAST.DOC
        After you've selected all your Forum options, you'll see a 
"Forum !" prompt.  First, do a READ WAITING and get all the 
messages marked for you.  They'll spool onto your screen and into 
your capture file.
        When you get the "Forum !" prompt again, it's up to you to 
decide what to do.  If you don't want to see any of the messages 
to other people, either leave CompuServe by doing a BYE or an 
OFF, or do a LIB n to a Data Library, or whatever else you want.  
If you're done with downloading messages, don't forget to close 
your capture file.
        The SIGware allows you to automatically exclude subtopics in 
which you have no interest.  As a result, when you do an READ 
FORWARD NEW or READ NEW at the "Forum !" prompt, you will get 
only those messages in the subtopics you are interested in.

HOW TO DOWNLOAD MESSAGES OF INTEREST
        The new SIGware has simplified things to the point where, 
assuming you've set all the sections you're interested in by 
using OPTIONS, all you have to do is a READ NEW at the first 
"Forum !" prompt.  This will deliver all new messages in the 
Forum in thread order.
        If for some reason you don't want the messages in thread 
order (but why wouldn't you?), do a READ FORWARD NEW.  That will 
give you the messages in strict numerical order.
        By the way, you'll see all those READ WAITING messages for 
you come up again when you do a READ NEW.  Don't worry about it.
        When you've downloaded all the messages you want, go BYE or 
OFF at the "Forum !" prompt if you're finished with CompuServe.  
(You'll automatically get the "Forum !" prompt when all pending 
messages have been downloaded.)
        
DEALING WITH ALL THOSE MESSAGES
        When you've gone off-line, it's time to begin reading 
messages.  Use your own approach.  You can print out a hard copy 
of your messages file; you can scribble notes to yourself as you 
read and use those notes as a basis for your replies; or, if you 
have a multi-window word processing program, you can open the 
messages file as one window and open another as a new TEXT file 
for writing replies.  If your computer can "swap" between 
applications, set your telecommunications program to display your 
messages file, boot your word processing program as the other 
application so you can write replies, and just switch back and 
forth.
        
HOW TO CODE YOUR REPLIES
        Now with all your messages in hand and a can or six of 
refreshment by your side -- and without the CompuServe meter 
tick-tick-ticking away -- you can think about responding to all 
those people.  Here's what a typical message in the Science 
Fiction & Fantasy Forum (as an example) looks like:
        
#: 229365 S2/Star Trek
  01-Jan-89 21:22:58
Sb: #229311-Quark
Fm: John Smith 12345,6789
To: Brad Ferguson 76354,2733

        What's a Quark, anyway? Wasn't that something in Finnegan's 
Wake? Or did you mean "NARK," as in "NARC," as in "trouble"?

                                        -- John
        
        Back to the instructions: As you can see, the Quark message 
that started this thread was #229311.  This particular message is 
#229365 (the first number you see).  We're going to be working 
with the 229365 number; we'll be ignoring the other one.
        Boot your word processing program.  The first thing you want 
to do is write something that will tell CompuServe which message 
you're responding to.  That will be an REPLY, followed 
immediately by a space and a number -- no indent, no number sign 
(#) or anything else.  Then simply write your reply.  To respond 
to John Smith's message, just do this:

REPLY 229365
        John, QUARK was an NBC comedy series that was a parody of 
Star Trek.  It didn't last very long.  Richard Benjamin played 
the captain.

                                        -- Brad
/EXIT
POST
        
        Back to the instructions: What did I do there? Well, the 
first thing I did was an REPLY command so that CompuServe would 
send the reply automatically to John Smith.  (CompuServe looks up 
whoever sent message #229365 and then relays your answer to him.  
It saves you a lot of trouble.)  I followed that command with a 
return.  Then I wrote my message to John.
        Now this is VERY IMPORTANT.  CompuServe limits each line of 
a reply to a certain number of characters.  When you're 
responding to messages in "real time" and forget where you are, 
CompuServe sends a bell code after each character as you approach 
and surpass the 80-character limit.  (When you receive a bell 
code, your computer should go "BEEP!" or something else equally 
disturbing.)  Obviously, you won't get a bell code from 
CompuServe if you're writing replies off-line.  To guarantee that 
you won't go over CompuServe's limit, END EACH LINE ON YOUR 
SCREEN WITH A RETURN! If you're at the end of a word, which you 
usually will be, end that line with a spacebar-return so words 
won't smash into each other when EDIT rewrites your replies.  The 
EDIT editor ignores your returns and inserts its own when it's 
writing your messages to other people's screens, so don't worry 
about your replies coming out in crazy line lengths.  EDIT will 
keep things neat.
        After I finished my message to John, I hit a return, which 
brought me to a new line.  In EDIT, you have to signal that your 
message is completed with a /EXIT (slash-EXIT), so that comes 
next.  Then I hit a return and followed it with POST, ordering 
CompuServe to send the reply.  Then I hit a return again, to make 
CompuServe accept the POST command.  In this way, I've easily 
imbedded all my commands in my reply.
        Another way to respond to a message is by starting a new 
thread.  That's easy, too.  We'll use the COMPOSE command:
        
COMPOSE
        John, QUARK was an NBC comedy series that was a parody of 
Star Trek.  It didn't last very long.  Richard Benjamin played 
the captain.

                                        -- Brad
/EXIT
POST
John Smith 12345,6789
Here's the Answer
2
Y
        
        Back to the instructions: The COMPOSE command told 
CompuServe I'm leaving a new message and starting a new thread.  
The next thing I did was type the message.  I ended the message 
with /EXIT, as before, and followed that with POST.  The next 
line carries the name and user ID of the person to whom I'm 
sending the message.  (In fact, all you need to leave the message 
properly is the user ID -- but it looks unfriendly if you don't 
use the person's name, too.  Also remember that if you DON'T 
include the recipient's user ID, he won't be able to get the 
message directed to him when he does a READ WAITING.  Sometimes 
the SysOps [System Operators, the people who run the Forums] will 
put in the user ID for you, but why make life more difficult for 
the SysOps?  Put in the user IDs yourself.)
        I followed the recipient's name and user ID with a line 
giving the subject of my message.  That's followed by a line that 
has only the number of the section in which I'm leaving the 
message -- in this case, section 2.  That is followed by a Y, 
which answers yes to CompuServe's request for confirmation.
        You can string together any number of messages in this way.  
Just follow one after another, remembering to hit a return for a 
new line for the next REPLY or COMPOSE.  Don't leave any blank 
lines between embedded instructions; blank lines will confuse 
CompuServe.
        Sending a message or reply privately -- so that no one but 
you and the recipient can read it -- is very easy.  Where you 
usually write POST, write POST PRIVATE.
        The SIGware allows you to respond nearly automatically to a 
message via EasyPlex.  To do this, instead of doing a POST after 
/EXIT, do a MAIL.  (There is also a MAIL UNFORMATTED command to 
send something to EasyPlex unformatted -- that is, EDIT will not 
reformat your message to suit the recipient's computer.  This is 
similar to the POST UNFORMATTED command available for Forum 
replies.  These commands are most useful when you're sending 
keyboard graphics to another person.)  You'll want to use MAIL 
when you know your recipient won't be logging onto the Forum for 
a few days, and you want to be sure he or she gets your reply; 
EasyPlex mail is held for the recipient for three months.

DELETING MESSAGES
        Occasionally you'll receive a message which is either 
trivial, or stupid, or both, and you'll want to delete it from 
the message board.  That's easy with FAST.DOC.
        Simply get the number of the message you want to delete 
(let's say it's #105678) and type the following after the /EXIT 
and POST sequence of one of your replies:

DELETE 105678
Y

        The DELETE cues CompuServe that you want to get rid of 
message 105678; the Y is your answer (yes) to the CompuServe 
prompt that always follows your deletion request; it confirms 
that a deletion is indeed what you want to do.
        You can bury the deletion request anywhere in your replies 
file except in the middle of a reply.  (After all, you wouldn't 
try to delete a message while you were typing in a reply while 
you were on-line, would you?)  You also should not delete a 
message if you're REPLYing to it -- at least, not until you've 
uploaded your replies; if you do, CompuServe won't be able to 
find the original message and deliver your REPLY.  The best thing 
to do is chain all your DELETE commands at the end of your 
replies file.

HOW TO SAVE YOUR REPLIES FILE ON DISK
        When you've finished writing all your replies, remember to 
save the file as TEXT!  This is important because CompuServe will 
not be able to make any sense whatsoever out of the compressed 
binary format computers generally use when storing data on their 
own disks.
        Some word processors allow you to save files as TEXT with 
line breaks -- that is, the word processing program inserts a 
return at the end of every line of run-on copy as it saves the 
file, without your having to type a return after each line as you 
write.  This approach is perfect for FAST.DOC, so use it if you 
can.  It will save you from having to type the returns at the end 
of each line as you write.
        
UPLOADING YOUR REPLIES TO COMPUSERVE
        Now you have to send your replies into CompuServe.  The 
process is very similar to uploading a file, except that it's 
simpler.  Reopen your terminal program.  Make sure you've done a 
couple of things before you call CompuServe.  First, make sure 
your terminal program is set to send TEXT, not XModem or whatever 
else you might have; CompuServe Forums and EasyPlex won't 
understand anything but TEXT.  Second, activate your XOn/XOff 
protocol; this will allow CompuServe to slow down your message 
feed if things get a little hairy on the other end.  (You'll see 
the message flow slow down a bit when this happens, but it'll 
pick right up again a second or two later.)
        Now get connected to CompuServe and enter the Forum.  If 
there are more messages waiting for you, ignore them for now.  At 
the "Forum !" prompt, tell your terminal to send the file of 
messages you've written, and watch them zip onto your screen and 
into the guts of CompuServe.
        While you're watching, you'll see all sorts of horrible 
things happen.  Your messages and their addresses will seem to 
interrupt prompts from CompuServe.  Parts of your messages will 
seem to be missing or overwritten.  You'll be warned about line 
delays of as much as a minute if a lot of people are in the Forum 
with you.  You'll think all sorts of things are going wrong.  
You'll think you've crashed the entire North American datanet.  
You'll think the FBI will be at your house by daybreak.  Well, 
don't worry.  CompuServe is remembering everything you're sending 
and putting it all in the right place.  It just LOOKS like 
garbage.
        
ABORTING AN UPLOAD
        You're bound to make a typographical or other error once in 
a while that will force you to abort your upload.  (The most 
frequent cause of FAST.DOC aborts has been when the original 
messages have been deleted by the SysOps or they've just plain 
scrolled off, and CompuServe cannot find the message to which it 
can send your REPLY.)  When this happens, stop your upload 
immediately.
        There's little you can do to fix the reply that caused the 
abort, unless it's a simple typographical error in an imbedded 
command.  If so, go back to your word processing program and fix 
the mistake.  Then delete all the replies from your file that 
have been successfully sent -- otherwise, they will be uploaded 
twice.
        If the reply aborted because the message to which you're 
replying has been deleted, there are only two things you can do.  
If you remember to whom you wrote the reply and his user ID, send 
your reply as the beginning of a fresh thread, using the COMPOSE 
command.  If you can't, the simplest thing to do is delete the 
reply from your TEXT file.  In any case, delete all the replies 
you have sent successfully, in order to avoid duplication.

EASYPLEX
        Now that you can send EasyPlex messages to people directly 
from a Forum, EasyPlex has taken on a new meaning and added 
importance.  It's easy to use, too.
        Command mode is best, since EasyPlex can be driven by 
simple, one-word orders from you.  There are not many of these, 
and you need fewer still to make good use of EasyPlex.
        If you have mail, the simplest way to get it is to GO EASY 
or GO MAIL.  If you do not now use Command mode in EasyPlex, you 
can do so by setting your options when you arrive; you won't be 
needing those menus any longer.  Also, you should be using the 
EDIT editor, just as you do in the Forums.
        When you're ready to start receiving your mail, open a 
capture file, just as you did for Forum messages.
        In Command mode, all prompts are replaced with either 
"EasyPlex !" or "Action !" prompts.  To download mail, there are 
two simple commands.
        The first one, READ ALL, tells CompuServe to send you all 
the mail it's holding for you.  After all your mail has been 
delivered, you will get an "Action !" prompt; this is your chance 
to tell CompuServe what to do with that mail it's been holding 
for you.  You have a few choices; the two main ones allow you to 
DELETE ALL or SAVE ALL.  DELETE ALL tells CompuServe that it no 
longer has to keep that mail for you; SAVE ALL keeps your mail in 
CompuServe's memory, and those EasyPlex letters will be brought 
to your attention again the next time you enter EasyPlex.
        There are also commands to file your mail in personal 
storage areas -- but if you've downloaded your mail into a 
capture file on disk, why would you want to also store it in 
CompuServe?
        You may write your EasyPlex replies off-line, just as you 
wrote your Forum replies.  You will be using EasyPlex's COMPOSE 
option to write your replies.  The first few lines of the 
EasyPlex letter you write should look this way:

COMPOSE
Dear John,

        Really too bad about the nuclear explosion ...

        Once you've finished your letter, end it with the following 
sequence:

/EXIT
(Name of Recipient and User ID of Recipient)
(Subject of Letter)
Y

        The /EXIT tells EasyPlex that you've finished writing the 
letter.  The name of the recipient and his user ID is on the next 
line.  The next line, for the subject of the letter, should be no 
more than 32 characters long.  The Y is a yes answer to the 
EasyPlex prompt asking if the recipient's name and the subject of 
the letter are correct.
        Follow this first letter with another, if you want; don't 
skip a line between the Y and the COMPOSE command that begins the 
next letter.
        Also, remember that there is a gimmick in EasyPlex called 
the Address Book, in which you can keep the names and user IDs of 
the people to whom you most commonly send EasyPlex messages.  If 
you store the names and user IDs of those people in the Address 
Book, all you have to do in your upload file is type the name of 
the person to whom you're sending the message.  EasyPlex will 
insert the user ID for you automatically.  (Make sure you put 
your own name and user ID in there, too; this keeps CompuServe 
from having to ask you for it.  Not entering your own name and 
user ID in the Address Book will abort your EasyPlex FAST.DOC 
upload, if CompuServe has to ask you for your user ID.)
        To file names and user IDs in the Address Book (and to 
delete them, too), just type ADDRESS at any "EasyPlex !" prompt 
and follow the instructions.

STANDARD DISCLAIMER
        The new SIGware is VERY new stuff and, at this writing, is 
still subject to revision.  FAST.DOC 8.0 may well be outdated (at 
least slightly) before long, but I'll keep up, never fear.
        Any problems should be brought to my attention via EasyPlex 
at the user ID below.
        No guarantees, of course, but I invented FAST.DOC and have 
been using it for about three years without a problem.  There is 
a learning process involved, and it will take a little getting 
used to -- but once you've gained facility with FAST.DOC, I think 
you'll wonder how you ever got along without it.  Good luck!

                                        -- Brad Ferguson [76354,2733]


           Review of FASTLOAD by: EPIX
Review by: Roger Ingersoll  (72416,3223)

Upon receiving FASTLOAD I was currious  about how well it worked.  Here is a
short rundown of a few test.  VIDTEX    loaded in only 11 sec compared to 47
sec without FASTLOAD.  The PRINTSHOP    loaded in 33 sec compared to 1 min 11
sec.  And DOODLE loaded in a super fast 24 sec.  The only program I found no
increase in speed was with SUPERBASE 64.With FASTLOAD it loaded in the same
amount of time.
Useing FASTLOAD couldn't be easyer.     Just plug in the cartridge and thats
it.  It has a built in wedge with the   normal commands $ / _ % @ >.  Plus a
Disk tool accessed by typing "\" and    return.  It features a file copyer,
Disk copy, A track editer, and a        seperate program file utillity that
will even protect a program from being  scratched accidentally.  It also has
a built in assembly monitor.
If for some reason you dont want to use the FASTLOAD modification, Just
unplug the cartridge.  I found only one program so far that would not work at
all with FAST@LOAD and that was the new wedge by Jim Klitzing available in the
DL's here.
If you are like 	 and forget to load   your wedge all the time and need it but
it's not there then this might be just  for you.  It says on the box that this
will work on most protected disk (and   it does).

In my opinion, FASTLOAD is worth the    price (Even though I bought it on
sale).
Thanks for reading my review.  Feedback welcome and encouraged.
Roger Ingersoll     <72416,3223>


***************************************
*
* FILCON.BAS instructions.  V1.1
*
* File Conversion program for use with
*       CBterm/C64  (c) 1985 Chrisdos
*
***************************************

IMPORTANT ! For converted file to
correctly load into CBterm/C64, you
must make the following small patch
to CBterm/C64 V2.0
1) Load CBterm/C64 (do not run it)
2) type in: POKE 7150,0
3) SAVE CBterm/C64 back to disk.
(scratch the old version)
 (Ok, so I had a 1 where I should have
  had a 0. No one is perfict.)
This patch tells CBterm/C64 to load
files made by FILCON to the correct
locations in memory.
---------------------------------------

Filcon has 3 main functions.
        1) Converting of file types.
                (PRG/SEQ)

        2) Converting ASCII/PETSCII

        3) Printing or displaying.

Operation: Filcon.bas is a basic
program with a M/L routine in data
statements. Load and run Filcon and
it will poke the M/L part into memory.
The screen will clear and you will
be presented with the menu.



1) File Type Conversion.
        The first 4 menu selections
allow you to load or save either
a PRG type text file, (like ones
created by CBterm/C64) or SEQ files
(like those from text editors or
what ever). 
Filcon is a GENERAL file converion
program and may work with other
program's text files also, not only
CBterm/C64's.
        Options 1 and 2 load and save
PRG type text files. 3 and 4 do the
same for SEQ type text files.

        Simply select the option you
need to load or save the text file
you are working on, you will be
prompted for the file name.
If you hit one of these options by
mistake, just hit <RETURN> for the
file name and you will abort the 
operation.


2) Case conversion.
        Once you have loaded the
file into memory, you can convert
the characters as needed to conform
to your application.
That is, you may convert the file in
any of the following ways:
        ASCII to PETSET2
        PETSET2 to ASCII
        PETSET2 to PETSET1
        ASCII to PETSET1
        ALL to Upper Case ASCII
        ALL to Lower Case ASCII

Of the 6 options, the first 2 are the
most usefull as these are the ones
are convert ASCII to U/L case PETSCII
and back again.
The others are included for those
special times when nothing else will
do.
This is a list of what each conversion
does:
(65-90 to 193-218 means that characters
65 thru 90 are mapped to characters
193-218. These are ASCII Cap. A-Z to
PETSCII Set 2 Cap. A-Z. 
IE. 128 is added to the code.)

        5 ASCII to PETSET2
          65-90 to 193-218
          97-122 to 65-90

        6 PETSET2 to ASCII
          65-90 to 97-122
          193-218 to 65-90

        7 PETSET2 to PETSET1
          193-218 to 65-90

        8 ASCII to PETSET1
          97-122 to 65-90

        9 ALL to UPPER Case ASCII
          193-218 to 65-90
          97-122 to 65-90

       10 ALL to LOWER Case ASCII
          193-218 to 65-90
          65-90 to 97-122

(65-90 are ASCII and PETSET1 CAP. A-Z
 and also PETSET2 LOWER a-z.
 97-122 are ASCII LOWER a-z.
 193-218 are PETSET2 CAP. A-Z.
 Of course some codes display as
 graphics in PETSET1.)

Remember: FILCON and be used on just
about any TEXT file you can load in to
it. So it could be used to convert
files from other programs.

The conversion process is all M/L so
it is FAST. Once the file has been
converted you should SAVE it back
to disk in what ever format (PRG or SEQ)
that you require.

3) The P option on the menu allows
you to Display or Print the file.
After hitting P you will be asked
for Screen or Printer. (If you just
press <RETURN> output will be to the
screen.)
If output is to the printer, you are
asked for a secondary address. This
is needed for some printer interfaces.
If you do not need a secondary address
just hit <RETURN>.
You are then asked if you wish to
Print or Display in FAST mode.
If you enter "Y" then FILCON will
dump to the Printer or Screen via
a M/L routine. There is no way to
halt the Display untill the end
of the file is reached. If output
is to the printer, you may abort the
printing by taking the printer fully
off line. There are no Line Feed
controls in FAST mode, it is a 
fast dump of RAM to the device.
At the end, you are returned to
the menu.
If you do not select FAST mode
you continue the these next
questions and the outputing
is done by a basic loop.
In normal mode, you are given the option
of including a LINE FEED after a
<RETURN> code or stripping the LINE
FEEDS.
If the file you are working on does
not have LINE FEEDS included and
your printer needs them, then hit "Y"
to the Add LINE FEEDS question. If
your file has LINE FEEDS and your 
printer does not need them, hit "Y"
to the Strip LINE FEEDS question.

        The file located in memory
will then print or display as required.
Pressing any key during a normal print or
display will abort the routine.

---------------------------------------
The program FILCON.BAS (c) 1985 by
Chrisdos. All rights reserved.




Usage notes:
        To convert a file created with
CBterm/C64 to a standard SEQ file,
load the CBterm/C64 file with option
1 then save it with option 4.
        To convert a SEQ file to
CBterm/C64 format, load with 3 and
save with 2.
        You may also have to use
one of the Case Convert options
depending on the kind of characters in
your files.
CBterm/C64 PRG files are TRUE ASCII.
Please also not that the largest file
FILCON.BAS can handle is 21,502
characters long. (Same length as
CBterm/C64)


One other IMPORTANT note on CBterm/c64 V2.0
At any time when you LOAD a file into CBterm/C64
it shold not exceed 21502 characters in lenght.
A file 21502 long will just fill the alloted
buffer in CBterm/C64 and cause the RAM messages
to show $0000 room left in memory, this is normal.
HOWEVER, DO NOT OPEN (C= O) the RAM buffer if the
file you loaded compleatly fills the buffer. A
minor bug in V2.0 fails to tell the program
that the buffer has been fully loaded. This
ONLY occures on a load from DISK and the
buffer is compleatly filled. Everything is
fine in the operation of recived modem data
and the buffer closes automaticly when the limit
is reached. It is also ok to open the buffer
to append data after a disk load if the
disk load did not compleatly fill the buffer.
Of cousre, you may reset the buffer at anytime
with the (C= Z) zero fnction. This bug will
be corrected in later versions of CBterm/C64
Thnak you !
-Chrisdos



     FILMKR.IMG DOCUMENTATION

     This is the documentation to THE FILE MAKER, a mailing list, inventory
     or other information type of database. The program will allow the user
     to create any kind of database file desired with these limitations:

     1. Maximum file name length is 16 characters (DOS limitation)
     2. Maximum records per file is 500
     3. Maximum elements / record is 10
     4. Maximum length of each element name is 6 characters
     5. Maximum length of each element is 80 characters
     5. I/O storage operations are limited to disk drive only

     The program will allow you to save or load any file it creates. It
     contains error trapping and a file backup feature that allows you to
     recover the previous version of an updated file. You can also use any
     type of punctuation you want in the record elements, even :;, or ".

     Other features include automatic alpha/numeric sorting (by the first
     element in each record), search for a record by any element in that
     record, display/scan 10 records at a time, print all records, print
     one specific record, print name and address lab	s, etc. The printer
     must emulate the CBM printers. Mine is a Prowriter 8510A with a Cardco
     + G interface, and works fine. You can modify the print routine if you
     wish. The machine language subroutines are relocatable and will work
     OK if you modify the basic portion of the program.

     All of the normally slow functions are performed by machine language
     subroutines, so the program sorts, searches and displays information
     very quickly. New records are sorted into the file as 	ey are
     entered. Searches can be done by entering the entire string to search
     for or only the first part of the string. The first record in the file
     containing that string will be returned, terminating the search. If no
     record is found, a message to that effect is returned.

     More about searching:

     If you are searching a file of names and want a summary of all
     records beginning with the surname SMITH, enter SMITH and note the
     record # (returned to you in the upper-rig	 corner of the screen).
     Then press RETURN to get to the menu. From the menu, select 1 (display
     10 records) and enter the record # you noted and press RETURN. All
     records beginning with SMITH will be summarized on the screen 10 at a
     time. This method of summarizing will work only if you are searching
     by the first element in the record, as this is the element the file is
     sorted by.

     When adding records to the file, duplicates are trapped and displayed.
     For example if 	u try to add a duplicate first element to a file
     already containing a record with that first element, that record will
     be returned by the search subroutine, the computer will "blap" at you,
     and you will be given several disposition choices.

     If you want to see some sample files created with this program, they
     are also on this database as FILMK2.BIN and FILMK3.BIN. These are
     inventory and mailing list files created with THE FILE MAKER. Be sure
     to rename them INVENTORY and	AILING LIST before trying to use them
     with THE FILE MAKER program.

     Would appreciate any feedback that you may wish to make about this
     program (via EMAIL).

     Thank you,    Jim Klitzing
#: 27575 S8/Arcade/Action Games
    21-Jul-92  08:00:06
Sb: #27571-downloading
Fm: John Iannetta 73510,2152
To: Peter Zunitch 71231,3055 (X)
 
Peter,
 
          It has been my experience, in the CBMART and CBMAPP libraries, that
all files for C-128 only, are identified as such.  If you use LIST (for the one
line descriptions), that information may be missing.  But if you BROWSE, I
think that you can be assured that a file is for the C-64, unless indicated
otherwise.
 
          There IS a way to get such information about a file, before deciding
whether to download it.  Type in:
 
REA INT filename <CR>
 
when in the appropriate library.  You should then receive the INTel format of
the file.  After a line or so, send a CONTROL-C (usually by pressing the stop
key).  CIS should then present you with a five choice menu.  Study the first
line of the intel format.  If it starts with:
 
:18000000011C
 
the file is for a C-128.  If the line starts with:
 
:180000000108
 
the file is for a C-64 (or a C-128 in 64 mode.  If the line starts with:
 
:180000000400434333500108
 
the file is a C-64 image file, that will show up on diskette as a PR	(if you
download with CIS B-protocol).
 
If the line starts with:
 
:18000000040043433353
 
the file is a C-64 image file, but an SEQ.  Of course, if you download using
XMODEM, you must remove the header after downloading.  There are various
methods for doing that.  If you must select a file type for the "beheaded"
file, you should use the information gained from the REA INT.  If you use
HEADER.BIN in library 1 of this forum, the executable file will automatically
be of the correct file type.
 
          	ease be aware that the above method will NOT work for an ARCed file
(a file that must be deARCed using ARC230).  But it should work for SDA's and
SFX's.  If the first line that REA INT returns is anything other than those
four examples, the file is probably a data file.  It may be used with either
computer, if you are able to process the data (e.g., with VGIF64.BIN or
ENHSID.BIN).
 
                 John
     FINCAL: A Financial Calendar
         FINCAL is a disk-oriented program written in BASIC which provides
     for text entries and two (2) calendar-like outputs of
     financial records.  Nine (9) options are available from the
     menu.  Two (2) of the options provide formatted output in
     either a text or graphic calendar form.  Four (4) types of
     entries are provided for along with calendar search,
     payment schedule calculations and disk file creation.
         Each day's entries can total 256 characters, including
     delimeters and subject indicators.  The entries are
     unformatted.  Delimeters and subject indicators can also be
     entered as part of the text.  Subject indicators are placed
     at the beginning of a text string.  This allows the user to
     search for the subject categories automatically designated
     by the program.  Other subject categories may be created by
     the user by simply placing a unique character or string of
     characters in the appropiate calendar entries.  As will be
     discussed later, this adds flexibility to the file
     structure.
         Three subject indicators are automatically entered by
     the program.  The "heart" (SHIFT-S) is used to designate
     both the credit card entry and the monthly update.  That
     is, the first character of a credit card entry or the
     monthly update entry is the heart.  The "spade" (SHIFT-A)
     is the first character of the single entry character string
     and the "club" (shift-X) is the first character of the tax
     entry character strings.
         The user is given the option to either overwrite or
     append to the entry already present on the calendar.  If
     neither overwrite or append is selected, nothing is done to
     the entry.  The resulting entry is then displayed and the
     user is asked if this entry is OK.  If the entry is OK
     (answer "yes"), the new entry is written to disk; if "no",
     no action is taken.  Answers other than "yes" will result
     in no action taken.
         Only one delimeter is recognized by the program, the
     slash ("/").  The slash is placed automatically at the end
     of each entry.  This is for formatting purposes.  The slash
     causes a line feed-carriage return.  This provides for each
     entry to be printed on a new line and indented to line up
     under the previous line.  If necessary, a slash may be
     entered anywhere in the text where an additional line
     feed-carriage return is desired.
          The options provided for on the menu are:
           1 - TEXT CALENDAR
           2 - GRAPHIC CALENDAR
           3 - CREDIT CARD PAYMENT
           4 - MONTHLY UPDATE
           5 - SINGLE ENTRY
           6 - SEARCH CALENDAR
           7 - TAX ENTRY
           8 - PAYMENT SCHEDULE
           9 - CREATE DISK FILES
          10 - EXIT
         Initally, disk files for the year must be created
     (option 9).  This takes approximately thirty minutes.
     At least 370 sectors must be available on disk.  Each
     calendar is identified by the year and an identifier,
     chosen by the user.  This allows multiple calendars for a
     given year or purpose.  For example, one calendar may be
     "1984TRS" and another calendar for the same year may be
     identified as "1984LBJ".  In this instance, only three characters
     were used to identify the calendar.  The maximum
     allowable number of characters in the identifier is nine (9).
         The text calendar option (#1) dumps the entries of the
     calendar to either the screen or the 1525 printer.  Each
     entry is placed on a different line for clarity.  The total
     number of days to be displayed is entered by the user.
         The graphic calendar output (#2) displays the entries
     on the screen of an entire month.  Within the block for
     each date either an "E" (single entry), "C" (credit card
     entry or monthly update entry) and/or a "T" (tax entry or
     interest payment) is entered.  These indicate either a
     single or multiple entries have been made for this date.
         The credit card payment selection (#3) provides for an
     entry which 1) projects and places an entry in the next
     payment due date; 2) calculates interest charges incurred
     during this period; 3) marks the interest charges as a tax
     entry ("club" - SHIFT-X); and 4) enters the newly calculated
     balance derived from the current payment, current balance
     and interest charges accrued.  This entry is also marked as
     a credit card entry.  The graphics character "heart"
     (SHIFT-S) is used as the credit card marker.  Therefore, on
     the graphic calendar a credit card entry will be displayed
     as a "CT".
         Option #4, the monthly update, allows the user to
     input a starting month and an entry.  This entry is then
     entered at the same day each month through the end of the
     current year.  This option can be used for such entries as
     mortgage payments, auto payments, etc.  These entries are
     marked as "C" (SHIFT-S or "heart") type entries on the
     graphic calendar.  The entire entry is copied into each
     appropiate date.
         The single entry option (#5) is self explainatory.
     Entries such as one-time payments or memos can be entered
     and are displayed as an "E" on the graphic calendar.  This
     type of entry is designated by a "spade" or SHIFT-A as the
     first character of the string.
         Option #6 which is the search calendar option allows a
     search of the calendar files for any text string.  The user
     can dump to the screen or printer a limited range of
     entries or all entries which contain the text srting
     specified.  For, example by entering the indicator for tax
     entries (the graphics symbol "club" - SHIFT-X), all
     occurances of tax entries will be displayed.  All
     occurances of a particular text string entry, for example,
     "VISA" may be displayed by entering "VISA" as the search string.
     Also, by prefacing an entry with a particular
     graphics symbol, a new category may be established for a
     given need or a standard category may be modified to
     provide a subcategory.  For example, the tax entries
     identified by the "club" (SHIFT-X) graphics character may
     be modified by adding a second graphics character, like the
     "diamond" (SHIFT-Z) graphics character to designate
     traveling expenses.  In this manner, a subcategory related
     to the tax category is created.  All of the entries
     pertaining to this subcategory is then displayed by
     searching for the "club/diamond" (SHIFT-X/SHIFT-Z)
     character string.  Since the search is a general search,
     the limitation of this feature is left to the ingenuity of
     the user.
         The tax entry option (#7) provides for entries which
     are automatically marked as tax entries.  This provides
     for listing all entries pertaining to taxes using the
     search function.  The graphic symbol which designates a tax
     entry is the club (SHIFT-X).  This is merely a convience
     feature and can be easily be duplicated by placing the club
     symbol (SHIFT-X) in any entry.
         Another convience feature is the Payment Schedule
     option (#8).  The information requested by this operation
     is load balance, payment amount and percent nterest per
     payment period.  A table is generated which displays each
     period's balance, interest payed and the period number.
     Also generated is the total amount of interest and the
     total amount of dollars paid for the load.  This function
     can be used to determine the number of periods required to
     pay out a credit card balance if no furthur charges are
     accrued.  It can also be used to determine the effect of
     payment amount and/or interest percentages on the total
     dollars payed and the duration of the loan.
         Option #10 clears the screen and returns to BASIC.
         I hope you find this program useful!  I'll be glad to respond
     to any queries through EMAIL.
                                            Tyrone R. Smith [75465,1753]
 
    documentation for "flost.bin"  (should be renamed to "lost file")
 
what you need:
                download "flost.bin" from cbmprg
                download "flost.txt" from cbmprg
                download "flost.doc" (this file) from cbmprg
 
reading "flost.txt" will give you detailed information on the process
used in recovering files that have been lost not through the normal
scratching process, but with the save-and-replace command.  these will
usually be program files.
 
"flost.txt" should be read first, but if you are in a hurry, the most
important thing is to backup the diskette first with a "whole-disk" type
copier.  there are many available.  run "flost.bin" only on a backup, because
it will purposefully destroy the first file in the directory in the process
of recovering your lost file.
 
main menu options:
 
 
l--look for possible first blocks
 
this will ask you for a load address for the file.  this option only applies
to program files, not to sequential files.  (you can use it for any file, but
it will only help you for programs).  it will check the entire disk for sectors
which contain the proper load address for a program.  this means that any
sector having this load address could be the first sector of a program file.
 
k--display a chain of blocks
 
this will display and count the number of blocks in a chain.  on the diskette,
each 256-byte block is "chained" to the next in that particular file.  choosing
this option and entering the first block of your lost file will give you a
count of how many blocks long the file is.
 
a--ascii only scan
 
if you want to see what a block looks like in ascii (letters and numbers),
use this option.  it would be used when you were looking at a block you thought
might be the first block of your lost file.  if you saw something familiar
there, it might help you decide if that was the right one.  this will not look
at all like a program listing.  none of basic's keywords will print out, but
any letters or numbers in quotes or in rem lines will.  if you habitually
put the name of the program in a rem statement at or near the beginning of
the program, this would print out.
 
h--ascii and hex(adecimal) scan
 
in the c64 version of the program ("flost.bin") this will print to the
screen half of a sector at a time, showing on the left side of the screen
the actual contents in hex form, and the ascii to the right side of the
screen.  explaining the structure of data blocks or hexadecimal numbers
is beyond the scope of this document.
 
d--fix directory
 
this is actually the last option you will use.  after finding the starting
block and number of blocks for your lost file, this is where you will enter
them into the directory.  you will sacrifice the first file in the directory
for this purpose.  since this is only a backup diskette, it won't matter.
(the program could be modified to let you add the lost file as the last
directory entry, but it would lengthen the program and leave more room for
error.)
 
 
notes:
1.  this is clearly a "limited use" program as it stands.  this is inevitable,
since it was specifically written for a limited use.  the program, however, is
fairly logically designed, and can easily be changed to suit other uses.
 
2.  the 64 version was adapted from the original, which happened to be written
for a commodore b128.  the only changes necessary were for the smaller screen
of the 64 and the smaller capacity of the 1541 disk format.  although it has
not been tested, i'm sure it would run more or less unchanged on a c128 as
well.
 
3.  i would really like to hear of any bugs, preferably by e-mail.
 
rick joslin
72167,3312
december, 1988
 
             the "other" save-with-replace problem
 
everyone has heard (and been properly preached at, no doubt) about the dangers
of the save-with-replace option hereinafter referred to as save@) in commodore
dos.  whether or not there is really a dos "bug" in this command has been
argued ad nauseam in publications and on the various commodore forms as well.
i think this is more a matter of <belief> than anything else, and i do not
write to add (or detract, for that matter) anything from that longstanding
argument.  i am writing about an entirely different problem which can arise
from saving files, particularly program files, using the "save@" procedure.
--
after spending most of an evening working on a rather long program named
"cross" (actually a program designed for on screen composing and editing of
crossword puzzles, if any one is interested) and doing several saves of various
versions of the program (*not*, i might add, using save@), i was through
working on it and scratched all the old versions of the program, just to clean
up the diskette a bit.  then, since it wasn't time to go to bed yet, i decided
to work on another short program called "clues."  i made only a few changes in
it, and decided, for reasons best left for discussion another time, to use the
save@ procedure to save it, which i then did.  it was only after the drive
stopped whirring that i realized i had used the name "cross," rather than
"clues", to save@.  the old sinking feeling hit somewhere in my abdominal
region, and i could hear all those articles i've always read about backing up
data starting to repeat over and over again in my head.  now i had a copy of
the most recent version of "clues" on the diskette, misnamed as "cross."  the
*real* "cross" was, of course. . . gone.
--
well, "gone" is a kind of generic term for this file.   the file, i realized,
though, was still on the diskette, since i read somewhere that the save@
routine writes an entirely new copy of the file to the disk *before* it
deallocates the sectors of the old file.  it was not scratched, either, because
it was no longer listed in the directory, even with a file type byte of "$00."
now, through the mists of time, i prefer to call it, "more than scratched but
less than erased."  i'm sure at least one form of copy protection must use just
such files.
--
enough of the flowery prose.  presumably, if you are reading this, you may have
the same problem.  the rest of this article will be a more-or-less "cookbook"
recipe of how to recover such as file.  first, forget about any "file
unscratcher" programs you may have on your utilities disks.  this file has
*not* been scratched.  the directory entry which appears to refer to the file
you have lost refers in fact to another file which, for the moment at least, is
of no concern to you.
--
the general plan is that you will modify a directory enter on the disk so that
it refers to the lost file, which you then will be able to load normally and
save again under the correct name.  don't worry if you don't understand the
strategy -- tactics are to follow.
--
1.  take a deep breath.
2.  exhale.
3.  take the diskette out of the drive.
4.  put a write protect label on the disk.
    (don't remove this label until you have recovered your file and resaved it)
5.  make a backup of the disk.
--
(note 1:  for those of you unfamiliar with the word "backup" as used in this
sense, please note that this must be done with  a "disk backup," "whole disk
copier," "disk nibbler," or some such program that copies the disk block-for-
block, and *not* a "file copier," which merely reads the directory and copies
the files in it.  the file you want copied is *not* in the directory, so a file
copier will not do the trick.)
--
(note 2:  you will note i said "a" backup.  how many you make is up to you.  if
there are other programs on the diskette that you want to use, you will need
two backups, one to use, and one for file recovery.  if you mess up a backup in
the recovery process, you will need to make another.  you are *not* going to
recover the file from the original disk, but from a backup!!)
--
6.  put the original disk somewhere safe, preferably where you can't reach it
 
--
7.  there are only two pieces of information you need to recover your file:
the starting track and sector, and the length of the file.  you may not even
need the latter, but it is easy enough to get after you get the former.
--
8.  determining starting track and sector:  most programmers will have,
somewhere in their bag of tricks, a program known as a "disk doctor" or a "disk
editor."  it simply allows you to read an entire block from the diskette and
examine it, usually giving both hex numbers and ascii translation of the bytes
in that block.  ("sector" and "block" are synonymous.)
--
using such a program, read the first directory block (track 18, sector 1) and
just look at it for a minute.  don't change anything or do any "writing" to to
diskette at all.  the first two bytes show the next directory block -- ignore
them!  the third byte shows what type of file, ignore it for now too.  the
fourth and fifth bytes show the track and sector of the start of the file.  the
next 16 bytes show the name of the file -- again, ignore these.  the 31st and
32nd bytes (be careful, it's easy to mess up counting by hand on a computer
screen) show the number of blocks the file occupies.  this was just a geography
lesson; you're not going to change anything now.  remember, the directory entry
you were just examining belongs to the first file on the directory, not to your
lost file.
--
now you've got a search ahead of you.  you've got to find the first block
(sector) of your lost file.  how to do it is a matter of personal preference,
up to a point.  if you have plenty of time, you could search every single block
(over 600 of these little mothers).
--
before you go crazy, it is important to realize that the block you are looking
for is different in one particular way from most of the other blocks on the
diskette:  the third and fourth bytes of this block contain the "normal" load
address for a program file.  if it is a basic program, these two bytes will be
$01 and $08 ($0801 hex or 2049 decimal, the normal basic load address in the
c-64).  this helps quite a bit, for you can eliminate any block which doesn't
have these bytes as the third and fourth bytes.  you can search every block,
rejecting any that don't have these two bytes in those positions.
--
using your disk editor/doctor program, when you find a block that has the right
load address in the right position, you can try to read the ascii translation
and decide if this is your lost program or not.  unless you remember the
program pretty well, or have the name of the program in the first few lines, it
will be difficult to tell this way.  a better way is to use the disk
editor/doctor program to trace through the directory and write down a list of
all the "known" start of program blocks, then find the one on the list
generated by "flost.bin" than is not on your handwritten list.  this is the
one!!
--
9.  determine how many blocks your lost file is in length.  the hard way:
using your disk editor/doctor program, start with the first block (the one you
found above in #8) and keep going through the program and just count how many
blocks there are.  an easier way:  there are many programs which will chain
through a program and show the track and sector for each block and count them
up for you.
--
you now have the two pieces of information referred to earlier:  starting track
and sector, and file length.  you are almost home free!!
--
10.  using your disk editor/doctor program, again go to track 18, sector 1 (the
first sector of the directory and look at it.  the disk editor/doctor program
should have some way of letting you *change* bytes, as well as just look at
them.  they all work differently, but usually you will place the cursor over
the bytes you want changed and just type in the changes.
--
11.  if the third byte is already $82, forget this step.  otherwise, make is
$82 if your lost file is a program (see note at end if it is a sequential
file.)
--
12.  the fourth and fifth bytes now need to be changed to the track (fourth
byte) and sector (fifth byte) that you found in #8 above.  this must be done in
hexadecimal numbers (assuming your disk editor/doctor only allows this).
explaining hexadecimal is beyond the scope of this article.
--
13.  the 31st byte and 32nd byte will contain your file length in low byte-high
byte order.  if your file is not more than 255 blocks in length, you don't have
to understand what "low byte-high byte" means,  just put the number of blocks
in the 31st byte and zero ($00) in the second byte, again in hex.
--
14.  check again by counting (or get a small child to count) and make sure that
$82 is in the third byte (assuming your lost file is a program), the track
number on which your file starts is in the fourth byte, the sector on which it
starts is in the fifth byte, and the file length in the 31st and 32nd byte.
--
15.  do whatever your disk editor/doctor program requires to rewrite the
directory block to the diskette.
--
16.  unless you specifically and positively *know* that your disk editor/doctor
program validates the diskette after writing (it probably won't, since it
really only matters when you are changing the directory), validate the diskette
by entering the following in direct mode:
--
open15,8,15,"v0:" and hit <return>
--
17.  notice that you haven't changed the name of the first file in the
directory.  your lost file, on this backup disk, at least, now has the same
name as that file.  whatever that program was, it's gone.  that is one of the
reasons you used a backup disk in the first place.
--
18.  try to load the lost program.  list it and see if it's all there.  it
should be!!
--
19.  save the program to another diskette, just for safety.
--
20.  now, and only now, take the write protect label off your original disk.
save the lost program under a different name, and if your wish, scratch or
rename the bogus file you created when you used save@ in the first place.
--
wouldn't it have been easier just to backup the program in the first place or
just not use save@?
--
note on sequential files:  by the nature of their use, this type of problem is
not likely to happen with sequential files.  usually they are written under
program control, and even if open@ is used, file names are not likely to get
confused.  if it were to happen, however, the only difference in all this
process is that the file type (third byte of the directory block) must be $81
instead of $82 for a sequential file.  finding the starting block is easier in
some ways, especially if it is a text file, because the ascii will make more
sense, but you can't use the trick of eliminating blocks without the proper
load address, since this isn't a part of sequential files.
--
if you have any questions, please e-mail to 72167,3312.
--
rick joslin
i have written a program stored on cbmprg as "flost.bin", but really named
"lost file" which will greatly ease the pain of this process.  it should be
user-friendly enough to use from the menus provided, but there is a small doc
file called "flost.doc" which will give you instructions on how to use it if
needed.  for those few of you that have a b128 (not c), you need "flostb.bin".
 
Font name       ID# Point  Source
--------------- --- ------ ----------
Borders Aa1*      0        TT grafix3
MACBOISE          0   24   CIS CBMART
LQ                0   48   CIS CBMART
MACABERDEEN       0  28,29 CIS CBMART
SIXPIN            1        FontPack 2
University        1   6-24 BSW Geos 1.
PROPER            2        FontPack 2
California        2  10-18 BSW Geos 1.
Roma              3   9-24 BSW Geos 1.
L'AURIOL          3  9-24  CIS CBMART
ENGLISH           4        FontPack 2
Dwinelle          4   18   BSW Geos 1.
Park Avenue       4   18   CIS CBMART
Cory              5  12,24 BSW Geos 1.
KIDPRINT          6        FontPack 2
Tolman            6  12,24 FontPack 1
Bubble            7   24   FontPack 1
STAX              8        FontPack 2
FortKnox          8   24   FontPack 1
FontKnox          8   24   FontPack 2
BLOCK 1           9        FontPack 2
Harmon            9  10,24 FontPack 1
ANCIENT          10        FontPack 2
Mykonos          10  12,24 FontPack 1
Mykonos          10  12,24 FontPack 2
Boalt            11  12,24 FontPack 1
Boalt            11  12,24 FontPack 2
Dictionary       12   12   CIS CBMART
Dictionary       12   12   geoWorld 2
Stadium          12   24   FontPack 1
Stadium          12   24   FontPack 2
Tilden           13  12,24 FontPack 1
Evans            14   18   FontPack 2
IBM              15   9    FontPack 2
Durant           15  10-24 FontPack 1
Charger          16        geoWorld 1
Telegraph        16   18   FontPack 1
Telegraph        16   18   FontPack 2
Shadow A-L       16   47   CIS CBMART
ARTDECO          17        FontPack 2
SUPERB REDUCED   17   24   CIS CBMART
Superb           17   24   FontPack 1
Superb           17   24   FontPack 2
Shadow N-Z       17   47   CIS CBMART
Bowditch         18  12,24 FontPack 1
BOXES            19        FontPack 2
OXFORD           19  12,24 CIS CBMART
Ormond           19  12,24 FontPack 1
Ormond           19  12,24 FontPack 2
TALLPIN          20        FontPack 2
Elmwood          20  18,36 FontPack 1
PINTYPE2         21        FontPack 2
Brennens         21   18   FontPack 1
ULTIMA           21   24   CIS CBMART
Hearst           21  10-24 FontPack 1
Brennens         22   18   FontPack 2
POPSICLE 24      22   24   geoWorld 1
POPSICLE24 PD    22   24   TT grafix1
PINTYPE          23        FontPack 2
JOKER24 PD       23   24   TT grafix2
Channing         23  14-24 FontPack 1
CHOP SUEY        24        geoWorld 1
ARROW24 PD       24   24   TT grafix2
Putnam           24  12,24 FontPack 1
CURSIVE          24  17,29 FontPack 2
OCTAG            25        FontPack 2
GRAFFITI24 PD    25   24   geoWorld 1
GRAFFITI24 PD    25   24   TT grafix1
LeConte          25  12,18 FontPack 1
LeConte          25  12,18 FontPack 2
Commodore        26   10   BSW (Qlink)
SKETCH.CT        26   10   CIS CBMART
STENCIL.QL       26   10   CIS CBMART
SQUARE.QL        26   10   CIS CBMART
TWO.CT           26   10   CIS CBMART
THIN2.CT         26   10   CIS CBMART
PRINT2.QL        26   10   CIS CBMART
THREE.CT         26   10   CIS CBMART
SIX.BTP          26   10   CIS CBMART
SCRIPT.QL        26   10   CIS CBMART
LW Roma          27  9-24  BSW (Qlink)
LW Cal           28  9-24  BSW (Qlink)
LW Greek         29  9-24  BSW (Qlink)
LW Barrows       30  9-24  BSW (Qlink)
17 cpi           31        geoWorld 2
LW Giannini      31  10-24 BSW (Qlink)
PUEBLO           31  16-31 PowerPak 1
PRINCETON 24     32   24   geoWorld 1
PRINCETON24 P    32   24   TT grafix1
LW Bacon         32  10-24 BSW (Qlink)
RUTGERS24 PD     33   24   geoWorld 1
RUTGERS24 PD     33   24   TT grafix2
LW Havilan       33  10-24 BSW (Qlink)
NewYork A1       34        TT grafix4
LW Piedmont      34  10-24 BSW (Qlink)
ArtDeco A1       35        TT grafix4
LW Cowell        35  10-24 BSW (Qlink)
Hollywood A1     36        TT grafix4
LW Galey         36  10-24 BSW (Qlink)
Philadelphia A1  37        TT grafix4
LW Shattuck      37  10-24 BSW (Qlink)
Wordgame A1      38        TT grafix4
Manuscript A1    39        TT grafix4
Berlin A1        40        TT grafix4
AvGarde A1       41        TT grafix4
Volleyball       42   18   CIS CBMART
MILLS LMLQ1      44   12   CIS CBMART
MILLS LMLQ2      45   12   CIS CBMART
SuperSub         45  11-13 CIS CBMART
MILLS LMLQ3      46   12   CIS CBMART
BONANZA          47  24,36 PowerPak 1
Roxy A1          48        TT grafix4
Icons            49        TT grafix4
CAPITAL.FNT      49   10   CIS CBMART
Indiana Aa1*     50        TT grafix4
COMPUTER.SS      50   10   CIS CBMART
Tengwar          50   16   CIS CBMART
DeVille Aa1      51        TT grafix4
ITALIC.FNT       51   10   CIS CBMART
ElDorado Aa1*    52        TT grafix4
Cameo A1         53        TT grafix4
STRANGE.FNT      53   10   CIS CBMART
Confetti A1      54        TT grafix4
NINE.BTP         54   10   CIS CBMART
36POINT          54   36   CIS CBMART
Primitive A1     55        TT grafix4
SPEED.SS         55   10   CIS CBMART
Symbolica        55   12   CIS CBMART
Pow!Zap! A1      56        TT grafix4
SERIF.SS         56   10   CIS CBMART
Partyline Aa1*   57        TT grafix4
EIGHT.BTP        60   10   CIS CBMART
MAIN STREET      63  20,38 PowerPak 1
Mercury Aa1*     64        TT grafix4
Quicksilver Aa1* 65        TT grafix4
Television Aa1*  66        TT grafix3
Wall             66  12,24 CIS CBMART
Bottleneck Aa1*  67        TT grafix3
Gutenberg A1     68        TT grafix3
Stencil A1       69        TT grafix3
Elegant          69   24   CIS CBMART
Scanner Aa1*     70        TT grafix3
Default Aa1*     71        TT grafix3
Matrix A1*       72        TT grafix3
Keyboard A1*     73        TT grafix3
Blackrock        77   24   CIS CBMART
SATURN           79  12,24 PowerPak 1
Whimsy Aa1*      80        TT grafix3
AmerSign A       81        TT grafix3
READER           82        geoWorld 2
Machine Aa1*     82        TT grafix3
Radio Aa1*       83        TT grafix2
Poconos Aa1*     83        TT grafix3
Arrow A1         84        TT grafix2
Joker A1         85        TT grafix2
Magik A1*        86        TT grafix2
Linguini A1*     87        TT grafix2
Roco             87   24   CIS CBMART
Spaghetti A1*    88        TT grafix2
Licorice A1*     89        TT grafix2
ARIZONA          95  18,28 PowerPak 1
maxiOBLIQUE      96        geoWorld 1
Doors a*     D   96   20   TT grafix1
FANTASEA         97   16   CIS CBMART
Doors A1         97   20   TT grafix1
PLAYBOY          97   26   CIS CBMART
Invite Aa1*      98        TT grafix1
BRITANNIA        98   17   CIS CBMART
ASTRA            98   25   CIS CBMART
RonsWriter 2.2   98  9-15  CIS CBMART
RonsWriter 2.2   98  9-15  geoWorld 2
Exec Aa1*        99        TT grafix1
CRAZED           99   9    CIS CBMART
Jalisco Aa1*    100        TT grafix1
LARGE.SS        100   10   CIS CBMART
Willamette      100   13   CIS CBMART
Electric        100   18   CIS CBMART
Princeton A1    101        TT grafix1
NEWTRONIC       101  10,16 CIS CBMART
LORRAINE        102   20   CIS CBMART
L.C.D. A1       103        TT grafix1
GREEK Symbols   103   9    CIS CBMART
maxiPOSTER      104        geoWorld 1
Graffiti A      104        TT grafix1
Graffiti 1      105        TT grafix1
CURSIVE         105   17   CIS CBMART
PLETHORA        106   16   CIS CBMART
C= GRAPHICS     107   8    CIS CBMART
PRO-type        108   16   CIS CBMART
HORIZON         109   16   CIS CBMART
[OUTLINE]       110   16   CIS CBMART
IBM             111   9    CIS CBMART
IBM             111   9    geoWorld 2
SMEDLEY         111  18,24 PowerPak 1
Block A1        112        TT grafix1
MILLS NLQ       112   10   geoWorld 2
LOUGHMAN        112   17   CIS CBMART
Rounded A1      113        TT grafix1
HALLOWEEN       113   40   CIS CBMART
CUBIC           114   10   CIS CBMART
STREAK          115   16   CIS CBMART
Fino Aa1*       115   24   TT grafix1
Princeton A     116        TT grafix1
WILFORD         116   5    CIS CBMART
Princeton 1     117        TT grafix1
PSYCHO          117   10   CIS CBMART
L.C.D. A        118        TT grafix1
SPLOTCH         118   17   CIS CBMART
L.C.D. 1        119        TT grafix1
MATT            119   16   CIS CBMART
WREATHES        119  28,29 CIS CBMART
Doors *         120        TT grafix1
SQUIRT          120   5    CIS CBMART
GREAT.QL        121   10   CIS CBMART
Doors a         121   20   TT grafix1
BOARDWALK       121   35   CIS CBMART
LOGOS 1         122   48   CIS CBMART
LOGOS 2         123   48   CIS CBMART
TIARIA          124   16   CIS CBMART
SPIRIT          125        CIS CBMART
FINO            125   24   CIS CBMART
NLQ-10          126   10   CIS CBMART
Publisher 80    126   13   CIS CBMART
Publisher 80    126   13   geoWorld 2
PARCEL POST     126   16   CIS CBMART
RonsTEXTer 1.4  127        geoWorld 2
Publisher       127   13   CIS CBMART
JAVELINA        127  14,26 PowerPak 1
RonsTEXTer 1.3  127  9,10  CIS CBMART
Doors A         128        TT grafix1
GOTHIC2.QL      128   10   CIS CBMART
DB80            128   12   CIS CBMART
WESTERN.QL      129   10   CIS CBMART
De VILLE        129   16   CIS CBMART
Doors 1         129   20   TT grafix1
Aquarius        129   24   CIS CBMART
Pop A1          130        TT grafix1
FANCY.QL        130   10   CIS CBMART
SHADOW.QL       130   10   CIS CBMART
CELTIC          130   16   CIS CBMART
Neon A1*        131        TT grafix1
DUNGEON.QL      131   10   CIS CBMART
BRIAN BORU      131  12,14 CIS CBMART
Tuxedo Aa1*     132        TT grafix1
STYLE.QL        132   10   CIS CBMART
Scoop A1        133        TT grafix1
RECKLESS.QL     133   10   CIS CBMART
NIALL           133  12,14 CIS CBMART
Scooped A1      134        TT grafix1
SIRE.QL         134   10   CIS CBMART
Broadway        134   16   CIS CBMART
Gunshot A1*     135        TT grafix2
ONE.CT          135   10   CIS CBMART
Garnet          135   17   CIS CBMART
MEGA SHADOW     135  48-51 GeoPublish
Christmas A1    136        TT grafix2
FUTURE.QL       136   10   CIS CBMART
ATHENS          136   14   CIS CBMART
MEGA ENGLISH    136  48-53 GeoPublish
Sidewalk A      137        TT grafix2
TINY.QL         137   10   CIS CBMART
SANTA MARIA     143  24,37 PowerPak 1
Disclaimer A1*  144        TT grafix2
72 upper A1*    145        TT grafix2
72 lower A1*    146        TT grafix2
MAGE.QL         146   10   CIS CBMART
Baby A1*        147        TT grafix2
Quincy Aa1*     148        TT grafix2
Rutgers A1      149   24   TT grafix2
OUTLINE.QL      150   10   CIS CBMART
Rutgers A       150   24   TT grafix2
S TEXT          150   40   CIS CBMART
GOTHIC LETTERS  150   48   CIS CBMART
Rutgers 1       151   24   TT grafix2
Vista A1        152        TT grafix2
ROMAN2.QL       152   10   CIS CBMART
MACBLKLETTERS   152   30   CIS CBMART
ORNATE          152  47,48 CIS CBMART
Voodoo A1       153        TT grafix2
Mega Roma       155        GeoPublish
Mega Cal        156        GeoPublish
Mega Barrows    158        GeoPublish
MARICOPA        159  18,32 PowerPak 1
BISQUE 14       160   14   CIS CBMART
BISQUE FIX      160   14   CIS CBMART
BRAGGO          161   18   CIS CBMART
cursive         161   24   PowerPak 1
Paintbrush      161   36   CIS CBMART
zapf 10/14      161  10/14 CIS CBMART
script          162   24   CIS CBMART
peppermint      163   24   PowerPak 1
Tiny Square     164        geoWorld 1
Star Trek       164   20   CIS CBMART
graphic         164  14,24 PowerPak 1
shades          165  12,24 PowerPak 1
frosty          166   24   PowerPak 1
DigiFont        172   18   CIS CBMART
Publisher       173   13   CIS CBMART
Publisher       173   13   geoWorld 2
Script16        173   16   CIS CBMART
Peignot         173   18   CIS CBMART
REGAL           173   30   CIS CBMART
BLOCKS.FNT      173   36   CIS CBMART
HEARTS          173  25,26 CIS CBMART
MACPOLKADOT     173  42,43 CIS CBMART
C= CHARS        173  9-24  CIS CBMART
Digitalfont     174   18   CIS CBMART
IBM             175   9    BSW (QLink)
COMIC FONT      177   48   geoWorld 2
GREEK           178   12   CIS CBMART
COMIX FONT      178   48   CIS CBMART
Useful 7 pt     178   7    CIS CBMART
Typsetter       179   12   CIS CBMART
BANNER          180   36   CIS CBMART
Freehand        181   24   CIS CBMART
FILL48a-m       181   48   CIS CBMART
WEISS 10PT      181  10,24 CIS CBMART
MEGA FILL       181  48-54 CIS CBMART
Caslon Open     182   10   CIS CBMART
MYSTIC          182   18   CIS CBMART
FILL48n-z       182   48   CIS CBMART
FILL48n-z       182   48   CIS CBMART
short stuff     183   7    geoWorld 2
comic font2     184   48   CIS CBMART
CHAMELEON1      185        geoWorld 2
GOTHIC          185   13   CIS CBMART
GOTHIC PLUS     186   13   CIS CBMART
Shadow          187   24   CIS CBMART
TREK a-z        193   48   CIS CBMART
Microfont       193   5,6  CIS CBMART
IconFont        194   12   CIS CBMART
TREK T-Z#       195   48   CIS CBMART
TREK A-I        196   48   CIS CBMART
TREK J-S        197   48   CIS CBMART
Stern           200   24   FontPack 2
MORSE           201   12   CIS CBMART
North Gate      201   18   FontPack 2
Haste           202  12-24 FontPack 2
Bancroft        203  12-24 FontPack 2
Solano          204   24   FontPack 2
Dingbats        204  12,24 CIS CBMART
Banslash        204  12-24
Barrington      205  16,32 FontPack 2
Braille         206  12,24 FontPack 2
Eshlemen        207   28   FontPack 2
DOORS20 PD      208   20   geoWorld 1
DOORS20 PD      208   20   TT grafix1
Ashby           208   23   FontPack 2
Spats           209   24   FontPack 2
The Vatican     209  12-36 PowerPak 1
Obliq           210        PowerPak 2
Kensington      210   27   FontPack 2
Badge           211        PowerPak 2
Flints          211  12,24 FontPack 2
Camp Hill       212        PowerPak 2
Derby           212  9,18  FontPack 2
Robin Hood      213        PowerPak 2
Oxford          213  14,28 FontPack 2
Medallion       214  12,21 PowerPak 1
Lewis           214  18-34 FontPack 2
Fog             215   24   FontPack 2
Stars           215   36   PowerPak 1
Latimer         216   18   FontPack 2
Barnum          216   28   CIS CBMART
Barnum          216   28   geoWorld 1
Ribbon          216  24,36 PowerPak 1
McLaughlin      217   18   FontPack 2
Cursive         218  17,29 FontPack 2
Sather          219   20   FontPack 2
Zellerbach      220  13,18 FontPack 2
Wurster         221   25   FontPack 2
Elizabethan     221   36   CIS CBMART
Sproul          222   24   FontPack 2
Elizabethan caps222   36   CIS CBMART
Birge           223   18   FontPack 2
Elizabethan lowr223   36   CIS CBMART
Dana            224  13,24 FontPack 2
Dwight          225   18   FontPack 2
Venetian        226   24   FontPack 2
Mulford         227   12   FontPack 2
Bowles          228   24   FontPack 2
Euclid          229   36   FontPack 2
Grizzly         230   18   FontPack 2
Kips            231   22   FontPack 2
Callaghan       232  12-25 FontPack 2
Toronto         233   24   CIS CBMART
America         233   24   FontPack 2
Etcheverry      234   24   FontPack 2
Ellsworth       235  12,24 FontPack 2
FONTGORIA       236   26   CIS CBMART
Spook           236   26   FontPack 2
Lawrence        237   12   FontPack 2
EX-800 NLQ      238        geoWorld 2
Spruce          238  12,24 FontPack 2
RonsPub 1.1     238  9-15  CIS CBMART
RonsPub 1.1     238  9-15  geoWorld 2
Moffit          239  12,24 FontPack 2
Hilgard 1       240   28   FontPack 2
SHADOW BOX      241        geoWorld 1
WELLINGTON      241   22   PowerPak 1
Hilgard 2       241   28   FontPack 2
Wheeler         242   9-24 FontPack 2
HAMILTON        242  20,30 PowerPak 1
MESQUITE        243  12,24 PowerPak 1
Sampler         245   24   CIS CBMART
Odin            251  9-20  CIS CBMART
Circulus        255   24   CIS CBMART
3dshadow        255  10-24 CIS CBMART
Old English     400   26   CIS CBMART
5x5 Char.       401   8    CIS CBMART
5x7 normal      402   12   CIS CBMART
Typesetter      403   31   CIS CBMART
Katakana        404   14   CIS CBMART
Chemistry       405   17   CIS CBMART
Patterns        406   18   CIS CBMART
Machine         407   13   CIS CBMART
Cad Roman       408   14   CIS CBMART
Furniture A     409   26   CIS CBMART
Furniture B     410   22   CIS CBMART
German          411   15   CIS CBMART
Graph Symbols   412   18   CIS CBMART
Label Symbols   413   24   CIS CBMART
Map Symbols     414   22   CIS CBMART
Map Symbols 2   415   22   CIS CBMART
Music           416   26   CIS CBMART
Fill A          417   23   CIS CBMART
Plumbing        418   26   CIS CBMART
ANSI Symbols    419   23   CIS CBMART
5x7 w desc      420   11   CIS CBMART
Flow Symbols    421   32   CIS CBMART
Fill B          422   23   CIS CBMART
Map Symbols 3   423   20   CIS CBMART
Small Caps      424   10   CIS CBMART
Fill C          424   23   CIS CBMART
Stop 1          477   8    CIS CBMART
Stop 2          478  8-24  CIS CBMART
Takoma          759  12,24 CIS CBMART
JabbaFont       777   20   CIS CBMART
CYRILLIC        917   12   CIS CBMART
Def Leppard    1013   16   CIS CBMART
Ultima         1023   16   CIS CBMART
Frog People    1023   24   CIS CBMART
SYNOPSIS
--------

FORSEC.ARC is a complete list of all public forums as of March 1, 1994.

The listing is in alphabetical order by Forum Name/Description, for the
most part.  I have taken a few liberties to keep related forums grouped
together.  Following each forum name is the Gateway prefix and GO word.
Beneath the forum name and Gateway/GO word are the available message
sections, libraries, and conference rooms that are available in that
forum.  If the forum does not offer one of these available areas, it is
not listed, or blank.



TERMINOLOGY
-----------

GATEWAY:  A three letter code that identifies the information provider
          for this forum.  Used in conjunction with the GO command, it
          provides fast navigation between forums in different service
          areas.  The current gateway codes are:

          CIS    CompuServe Infomation Service
          EET    Electronic Engineering Times Network Service
          ZMC    Ziff-Davis MacUser/MacWEEK/CompuServe Information Service
          ZNT    Ziff-Davis ZiffNet Information Service
          HOME   The CompuServe Host for your account (GO HOME:MAIL)

GO WORD:  The identifying word that takes you to a service/forum.


USAGE
-----

You can use this file to quickly locate a forum of interest.  Once located,
you can use the gateway and "go" word to reach that forum.  For example,
to reach the free CompuServe Help Forum, you would type GO CIS:HELPFORUM.
To reach the free Ziffnet Support Forum, you would type GO ZNT:ZIFFHELP.

All GO words can be abbreviated to six (6) characters.  For example,
GO CIS:HELPFORUM can also be typed as GO CIS:HELPFO.

If you are using the CompuServe Information Manager, GO words are called
Service Names.  You would select the GO... option in your Services Menu
and type the actual gateway/go word in the Transfer To Service box that
appears; i.e., CIS:HELPFORUM.

NOTE:  A plus sign (+) after the Forum Name/Description indicates that
       that forum is part of extended services.



DISCLAIMER
----------

This file is not an official listing of forums and sections, but rather
an individual compilation created by the author, Al Andersen 72662,2055.
It has been uploaded to assist CompuServe members in searching for areas
of interest on the CompuServe Information System.  While I have tried to
ensure this listing is accurate and reflects all the public forums
available, neither myself nor CompuServe may be held responsible for any
errors or inconsistencies that may have been overlooked.

FORSEC.ARC is updated the first of every month, and is available in both
the free Practice Forum, GO CIS:PRACTICE, and the free Help Forum, GO
CIS:HELPFORUM.  Feel free to place this file on any CompuServe Forum,
but please do not modify it.  If you should note any discrepancies,
please contact the author.



Forum Name/Description       Gateway:GO Word
----------------------       ---------------

Accounting Vendor Forum+     CIS:ACCOUNTING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 The Break Room             1 Demos, info, news     1 Informal Discussion
 2 ZPAY Payroll               2 ZPAY Payroll
 3 SCALA                      3 SCALA
 5 Dayo Software              5 Dayo Software
 6 XP Systems                 6 XP Systems
 7 Good Software              7 Good Software
 8 One Write Plus             8 One Write Plus
 9 Ask the CPAs               9 Ask the CPAs
10 Accounting Training       10 Accounting Training
11 Accounting Issues         11 Accounting Issues
12 Tax Issues                12 Tax Issues
13 PC Accounting             13 PC Accounting
14 Mac Accounting            14 Mac Accounting
15 Accounting SW             15 Accounting SW
16 Calculators & HW          16 Calculators & HW
17 Paperless Office          17 Paperless Office


ACI US Forum+                CIS:ACIUS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 4D Server                  0 NEW UPLOADS           1
 2 4D/4D Compiler             1 4D Server
 3 Externals Kit              2 4D/4D Compiler
 4 4D Modules                 4 4D Modules
 5 Object Master              5 Object Master
 6 Connectivity               6 Connectivity
 7 FileForce                  7 FileForce
 8 Beginner's Area            8 Beginners Area
11 Community Square           9 UNUSED
12 Sales/Cust Service        11 Community Square
13 International/ACI         12 Sales/Cust Service
14 3rd Party Products        13 International/ACI
                             14 3rd Party Products


Adobe Forum+                 CIS:ADOBE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Getting started            1 Getting Started       2 Getting Started
 2 Announcements              2 News/Announcements    3 Announcements
 3 Utilities                  3 Utilities             4 New Uploads
 4 PostScript                 4 PostScript            5 PostScript
 5 Adobe Illustrator          5 Adobe Illustrator     6 Adobe Illustrator
 6 AFM Files                  6 AFM FILES             7 Typeface Library
 7 Typeface Lib/IBM           7 Typeface Lib/IBM      8 Typeface Lib/IBM
 8 Related Software           8 Related Software      9 Related Software
 9 Printers/PPDs              9 PPD Files            10 Printers/Hardware
10 MAC Typeface/New          10 MAC Typeface/New     11 DeskTop Publishing
11 Adobe Europe              11 Adobe Europe         12 Service Bureaus
12 Adobe UserGroup/ATX       12 Adobe UserGroup/ATX  13 Training
13 Acrobat                   13 Acrobat              14 INTL Mktg Support
14 ATM/MAC                   14 ATM/MAC              15 ATM
15 Premiere                  15 Premiere             16 TranScript
16 Photoshop                 16 Photoshop
17 ATM/PC                    17 ATM/PC


AI EXPERT Forum+             CIS:AIEXPERT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 News/General               0 News/General          1 General Conference
 1 AI EXPERT Listings         1 AI EXPERT Listings    2 Data Base Prog
 2 LISP/Scheme                2 LISP/Scheme
 3 PROLOG                     3 PROLOG
 4 Object-Oriented            4 Object-Oriented
 5 Expert Systems             5 Expert Systems
 6 Robotics                   6 Robotics
 7 More Languages             7 More Languages
 8 Data Base Prog             8 Utility Room
 9 Contributor's              9 Contributor's
10 NeuroLinguistic           10 NLP
11 Neural Nets               11 Neural Nets
12 Genetic Algorithms        12 Genetic Algorithms
13 Fuzzy Logic               13 Fuzzy Logic
14 Applications Issues       14 Applications Issues
15 Beginners                 15 Beginner's Corner
16 Hypertext/Text            16 Hypertext/Text
17 *COFFEE HOUSE*


Aldus Forum+                 CIS:ALDUSFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 The Grape-Vine             0 New Uploads           1 Sysop Online Now!
 1 Customer Services          1 Press Releases        2 Open Discussion
 2 Aldus Consumer Div.        2 Aldus Consumer Div
 3 Mac PageMaker              3 Mac PageMaker
 4 PC PageMaker               4 PC PageMaker
 5 Aldus FreeHand             5 Aldus FreeHand
 7 Aldus PhotoStyler          7 Aldus PhotoStyler
 8 Aldus Persuasion           8 Aldus Persuasion
 9 PrePrint & Fetch           9 PrePrint & Fetch
10 Tips and Tricks           10 Mac Utils & Filts.
11 Feature Requests          11 PC Util/Drvs/Flts.
12 X-Platform Issues         12 Scripts & Additions
13 Aldus Magazine            13 Aldus Magazine


Aldus Special Programs Forum+ CIS:ALDUSSP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 9 Aldus Additions           10 Developer's Corner
10 Developers Corner


All-Music Guide Forum+       CIS:AMGPOP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 AMG Help              1 Conference Room 1
 2 Add to Blues/Zydeco        3 Resources/Reviewers
 3 Add to Gospel Music        4 Music Bibliography
 4 Add Folk/Bluegrass         6 User Upload Library
 5 Add Country/Western        7 Artists Collections
 6 Add Jazz & Big Band
 7 Add to Rock & Pop
 8 Add Soul/R&B/Funk
 9 Add to Heavy Metal
10 Add to Altern. Rock
11 Add to Rap/Hip-Hop
12 Add to Techno/Dance
13 Vocal & Easy Listen
14 Add New Age/AdultCI
15 Add Reggae & World
16 Add Soundtrack/Cast
17 User Notes/Feedback


Amiga Arts Forum+            CIS:AMIGAARTS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Library News               1 News and Reviews      1 Main Lounge
 2 Forum Business/Help        2 Games                 2 In the Corner
 3 Hot News and Rumors        3 Game Scenarios
 4 Games                      4 Game Demos
 5 Draw and Paint             5 MODs/DMCS
 6 DeskTop Video              6 Digitized Sound
 7 Music and MIDI             7 Audio/MIDI Utils
 8 Rendering                  8 Original Art
 9 Animation                  9 Derived Art
10 MultiMedia                10 3D
16 Ramblings                 11 24 Bit IFF Art
                             12 Animations
                             13 Digitized Animation
                             14 Graphic Utilities
                             15 Euro Demos/"Hacks"
                             16 MultiMedia
                             17 Nudes


Amiga Tech Forum+            CIS:AMIGATECH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Library News               1 Forum Help            1 Main Lounge
 2 Forum Business/Help        4 Languages             2 Formal CO
 3 Hot News and Rumors        5 C Programming         3 Programming
 4 General Programming        6 ASM Programming       4 Help!
 5 C Programming              7 ARexx
 6 ASM Programming            8 Object Oriented
 7 ARexx                      9 Other Programming
 8 System Software           10 Programmers Utils
 9 Authoring Systems         11 System Utils
10 2.0 Programming           13 Libraries
11 Amiga UNIX                15 Classes
16 Ramblings                 16 Fish Disks


Amiga User's Forum+          CIS:AMIGAUSER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 New Uploads                1 Forum Help            1 Main Lounge
 2 Forum Business/Help        2 News and Reviews      2 Help!
 3 Hot News and Rumors        3 Screen Utilities
 4 New Amiga Users            4 Networking
 5 Communications             5 Communications
 6 Word Processing/DTP        6 Word Processing/DTP
 7 Personal Apps              7 Text Utilities
 8 Business Apps              8 Printer Utilities
 9 Using 2.0 - 3.0            9 Disk Utilities
10 Amiga Amateur Radio       10 Printer Drivers
11 Amiga Hardware            11 Fonts/Pointer/Icons
12 Emulators                 12 Hardware Help
13 CD32/CDTV                 13 General Apps
14 International Amiga       14 Amiga UPDATES
16 Ramblings                 15 General Utilities
17 Classified                16 Archivers/Crunchers


Amiga Vendor Forum+          CIS:AMIGAVENDOR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Central Coast              1 Central Coast         1 Central Coast
 2 ASDG                       2 ASDG                  2 ASDG
 3 NewTek                     3 NewTek                3 NewTek
 4 Impulse                    4 Impulse               4 Impulse
 5 New Horizons               5 New Horizons          5 New Horizons
 6 Black Belt Systems         6 Black Belt Systems    6 Black Belt Systems
 7 Syndesis                   7 Syndesis              7 Syndesis
 8 INOVAtronics               8 INOVAtronics          8 INOVAtronics
 9 AutoPilot                  9 AutoPilot             9 AutoPilot
10 GVP                       10 GVP                  10 GVP
11 DKB Software              11 DKB Software         11 DKB Software
12 Softwood                  12 Softwood             12 Softwood
13 Oxxi/Precision            13 Oxxi/Precision       13 Oxxi
14 Right Answers             14 Right Answers        14 Right Answers
15 Soft-Logik                15 Soft-Logik
16 MicroBotics               16 MicroBotics
17 Utilities Unlimited       17 Utilities Unlimited


APPC Info Exchange Forum+    CIS:APPCFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Windows/DOS/NT             1 General Forum Info    1 General Forum Info
 2 Apple/Mac                  2 Common Questions      2 Application Design
 3 OS/2                       3 Catalogs              3 Using CPI-C
 4 AS/400,PCSupp,S/3x         4 Technical Papers      4 Small Platforms
 5 UNIX/AIX                   5 Coding Examples       5 Medium Platforms
 6 MVS/VTAM/VM/VSE            6 Sample Programs       6 Large Platforms
 7 Other Platforms            7 Config Examples       7 Networks for APPC
 8 General & Misc             8 Tools and Utilities   8 Suggestion Box
 9 News/Announcements         9 News/Announcements    9 News/Announcements
10 Conferences/Classes       10 Conferences/Classes  10 Conferences/Classes
11 APPN Architect Only       11 APPN Architect Only  11 APPN Architect Only
13 MPTN                      13 MPTN                 13 MPTN
14 Coding Tips & Help        14 Upload Traces Here   17 APPC3270 Work Group
17 APPC3270 Work Group       15 APPC Success Storys
                             17 APPC3270 Work Group


Apple II Prog. Forum+        CIS:APPROG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 Library Questions          0 UPLOAD HERE & Help    1 Informal Meetings
 1 Forum Business             2 S'ware From Apple     2 Formal Meetings
 2 The Apple Developer        3 BASIC Tools
 3 Down To BASIC              4 Pascal and C Tools
 4 Pascal and C               5 Machine Lang. Tools
 5 Machine Language           6 Other Lang. Tools
 6 Other Languages            7 GS Toolbox Tools
 7 The IIgs Toolbox           8 Hardware Helps
 8 Hardware Issues            9 HyperStudio
 9 HyperStudio               10 Sound/Music
10 Sound/Music               11 HyperCard GS
11 HyperCard GS


Apple II Users Forum+        CIS:APPUSER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Library Questions          0 UPLOAD HERE & Help    1 Informal Meetings
 1 Forum Business             2 Appleworks (AW)       2 Formal Meetings
 2 Appleworks (AW)            3 N.A.U.G. (AW)
 3 N.A.U.G. (AW)              4 Utilities
 4 Utilities                  5 Hardware
 5 Hardware                   6 IIgs DAs/INITs
 6 IIgs DAs/INITs             7 IIgs Software
 7 IIgs Software              8 Apple II Software
 8 Apple II Software          9 Art & Graphics
 9 Art & Graphics            10 DTP Templates/Fonts
10 Desktop Publishing        11 Games/Entertainment
11 Games/Entertainment       12 Telecommunications
12 Telecommunications        13 Apple ///
13 Apple ///                 14 Archived Threads
14 Hot Topic                 15 Community Square
15 Community Square          16 R-Rated Artwork


Apple II Vendor Forum+       CIS:APIIVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Business        1 Co. Room 1
 2 Applied Engineering        2 Applied Engineering   2 Applied Engineering
 3 1st Class Periphrls        3 1st Class Periphrls   3 1st Class Periphrls
 4 Stone Edge Tech.           4 Stone Edge Tech.      4 Stone Edge Tech.
 5 Beagle Bros                5 Beagle Bros           5 Beagle Bros.
 6 InTrec Software            6 InTrec Software       6 InSync Software
 7 On Three Inc.              7 On Three Inc.         7 On Three Inc.
 8 Seven Hills                8 Seven Hills           8 Seven Hills
 9 TMS Peripherals            9 TMS Peripherals       9 TMS Peripherals


Aquaria / Fish Forum+        CIS:FISHNET

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Your First Aquarium        1 Your First Aquarium   1 Roundtable Room
 2 Lights/Filters/Etc.        2 Equipment/Products    2 Sushi Bar & Grill
 3 Freshwater Aquaria         3 Freshwater Aquaria    3 One-On-One
 4 DutyTeam Help Rqsts        4 Disease/Treatment     4 *
 5 Marine/Reef Aquaria        5 Marine/Reef Aquaria   5 *
 6 FISHNET Info Center        6 Community Library     6 *
 7 Aquatic Conservat'n        7 ACN/CMDB/Conserv.     7 *
 8 Breeding & Fry Care        8 FISHNET Archives      8 *
 9 Koi/Fish Ponds             9 Koi/Fish Ponds        9 *
10 Aquaculture/Fishery       10 Aquaculture/Fishery  10 *
11 Trading Post              11 Graphics Library     11 *
12 News & Notes              12 Law Library          12 *
13 The Global Aquarium       13 FPE Volumes & Suppl  13 *
14 Software/Programs         14 Software/Programs    14 *
15 WWW/8 Events & News       17 **** UPLOADS ****
17 Sushi Bar and Grill


Archive Photos Forum+        CIS:ARCHIVE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Information          1 New Images            2 General Conference
 2 Focus: Film Posters        2 Focus: Film Posters
 3 Contest!                   4 Famous People
 4 Famous People              5 Historic Milestones
 5 Historic Milestones        6 Entertainment
 6 Entertainment              7 Kids in Action
 7 Kids in Action             8 Industrial Age
 8 Industrial Age             9 Information Age
 9 Information Age           10 Sports/Fitness
10 Sports/Fitness            11 Landmarks
11 Landmarks                 12 Music/Musicians
12 Music/Musicians           13 Depression Era
13 Depression Era            14 Civil War
14 Civil War                 15 Transportation
15 Transportation            16 The Good Old Days
16 The Good Old Days


Artisoft Forum+              CIS:ARTISOFT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New User/New Instal        0 New Uploads           1 General
 1 General Information        1 Official Bulletins    2 LANtastic Network
 2 LANtastic 4 Windows        2 Patches and Drivers   3 Artisoft NetMedia
 3 LANtastic 4 Netware        3 News Releases
 4 LANtastic 4 Mac's          4 Shareware Programs
 5 LANtastic 4 TCP/IP         5 Demo Software
 6 Artisoft Sound Brd.        6 LPI and VPI
 7 The Network Eye            7 LANtastic 4 TCP/IP
 8 Central Station            8 WAN's
 9 Programming Support
10 Artisoft Articom
11 Wide Area Networks


Ask3Com Forum+               CIS:ASKFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Info/Help          0 New Uploads           1 Conference
 2 Linkbuilder Hubs           1 General Info./Help
 3 AccessBuilder              2 Pub. Dom./Shareware
 4 NetWare Server             3 Documentation
 5 NetWare Client             4 Patches and Fixes
 6 Workgroup/Servers          5 Unsupported Utils.
 7 3Com Adapters              6 User Submitted
 8 Communications Svrs        7 Drivers/Diagnostics
 9 NETBuilder Bridges         8 Technical Bulletins
10 Protocols&Standards       10 Network Management
11 Network Management        11 Programming
12 3rd Party Products
13 Software Developers
14 Classifieds


ASP/Shareware Forum+         CIS:ASPFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General Info [ASP]         0 General Info [ASP]    8 ASP Conference
 1 Product Supp [ASP]         1 Product Supp [ASP]   18 PCjr Conference
 2 Ask the ASP [ASP]          2 Ask the ASP [ASP]
 3 Shareware! [ASP]           3 Shareware! [ASP]
 4 Author/Vendor [ASP]        4 Author/Vendor [ASP]
 5 PC Authors [ASP]           5 PC Authors [ASP]
 6 Mac Authors [A]            6 Mac Authors [A]
 7 Finding Shareware          7 Finding Shareware
 9 Village Inn [ASP]


Astronomy Forum+             CIS:ASTROFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 Meeting Hall
 2 Getting Started            2 Utility Software      2 Observers
 3 Viewing Satellites         3 Viewing Satellites    3 Theoretical Astro.
 4 Viewing the Sky            4 Viewing the Sky
 5 News/Current Events        5 Astronomy Databases
 6 Astrophotography           6 Astrophotography
 7 Astrocomputing             7 Astronomy Software
 8 Telescopes/Hardware        8 Telescopes/Hardware
 9 Cosmology                  9 Cosmology
10 Graphics                  10 CHARTS & FIGURES
11 Hot Topics!               11 PLANET EARTH GIFS
12 CCD Users' Corner         12 AMATEUR/PRO PHOTOS
                             13 ORBITING SCOPE GIFS


Atari GAMING Forum+          CIS:ATARIGAMING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Help & Info     1 General Meetings
 2 ST/TT/Falcon Games         2 ST/TT/Falcon Games    2 Alt. Meeting
 3 2600/5200/7800             3 ST Game Data Files    3 Formal Conference
 4 8-bit General              4 8bit Sound&Graphics   4 * Sunday Night CO *
 5 8-bit Hardware             5 8bit Telecom/Prod.
 6 8-bit Software             6 8b Util/Programming
 7 Hot Topics                 7 8bit Games
10 News/Reviews/Shows         8 8bit Last Chance
15 Jaguar                     9 TBA
16 Lynx                      10 News & Reviews
17 Community Square          14 TBA
                             15 Jaguar
                             16 Lynx
                             17 Miscellaneous


Atari ST Arts Forum+         CIS:ATARIARTS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Help/Info       1 Public #1
 2 Games                      2 Games                 2 Public #2
 3 ST Graphics                3 Game Data Files       3 Formal Conferences
 4 Advanced Graphics          4 GIF/RLE/FCP Pics
 5 Music/MIDI                 5 Music/MIDI
 6 Desktop Publishing         6 DEGAS/NEO/TINY Pics
 7 Peripherals                7 SPECTRUM Pics
 8 Hot Topics                 8 CAD3D/Animations
 9 News/Product Info          9 CYBER files A-M
10 Atari Expl Online         10 CYBER files N-Z
11 LEXICOR Software          11 LEXICOR Software
12 TBA                       12 Demo programs
13 Ask ATARI Corp.           13 R-rated pics
14 ST REPORT                 14 Viewers/Utilities
15 Atari International       15 News & Reviews
17 Community Square          17 Misc. Files


Atari ST Prod. Forum+        CIS:ATARIPRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Help/Info       1 Public #1
 2 Telecommunications         2 Telecommunications    2 Public #2
 3 Operating Systems          3 Programming Tools     3 Formal Conferences
 4 Applications               4 Utility Programs
 5 Networking Ataris          5 Applications
 6 Hardware specific          6 ACCs & Setups
 8 Hot Topics                 8 News & Reviews
 9 Emulators                  9 Printer/Fonts/Icons
10 New Products              10 Program Demos
11 Programming               11 Tutorials
14 QuickCIS                  14 GNC compiler files
17 Community Square          15 TeX/LaTeX
                             17 Misc. files


Atari Vendor Forum+          CIS:ATARIVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Business        1 General
 2 Intersect Software         2 Intersect Software    2 Intersect Software
 3 Michtron                   3 Michtron              3 Michtron
 5 MacDonald Assoc.           5 MacDonald Assoc.      5 MacDonald Assoc.
 6 Maxwell CPU                6 Maxwell CPU           6 Maxwell CPU
 7 ICD, Inc.                  7 ICD, Inc.             7 ICD, Inc.
 8 Gribnif Software           8 Gribnif Software      8 Gribnif Software
 9 Lexicor Software           9 Lexicor Software      9 Lexicor Software
10 Missionware               10 Missionware          10 Missionware
11 Soft-Logik Pub'ing        11 Soft-Logik Pub'ing   11 SoftLogik Corp.
12 Oregon Research           12 Oregon Research      13 Double Click
13 Double Click              13 Double Click         14 Gadgets By Small
14 Gadgets By Small          14 Gadgets By Small     15 PMC
15 PMC                       15 PMC                  16 CodeHead Software
16 CodeHead Tech.            16 CodeHead Tech.       17 DMC Publishing
17 DMC Publishing            17 DMC Publishing


Attn. Deficit Disorder Forum+ CIS:ADD

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 The Coffee Haus            1 Archives and Tools    1 The Coffee Haus
 2 Parenting Issues           2 Parenting Issues      2 Support Group mtgs
 3 The Student Union          3 Kids/Teens Library
 4 Diagnosing ADD             4 Diagnosing ADD
 5 Schools & Learning         5 Schools & Learning
 6 Therapy/Medication         6 Therapy/Medication
 7 Adult ADD                  7 Adult ADD
 8 Books & Resources          8 Books & Resources
 9 Workplace & ADD            9 Workplace & ADD
10 Relationships & ADD       10 Relationships
11 Conferences & Mtgs        11 Conferences & Mtgs
12 Support Groups            12 Support Groups
13 Ask The Doctor(s)         13 Ask The Doctor(s)
14 TS/PDD/AUT/et al          14 TS/PDD/AUT/et al
15 SOS - Need Help NOW       15 Member Info & GIFs
16 Legal & Advocacy          16 Legal & Advocacy
17 The ADD Experience        17 The ADD Experience


Author of the Week Forum+    CIS:AOTW

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Introductions              1 Introductions         1 Authors
 2 Featured Authors           2 Featured Authors      2 Round Table
 3 Popular Fiction            3 Popular Fiction       3 Book Talk
 4 Literature/Classics        4 Literature/Classics
 5 Psych/Sex/Self-Help        5 Psych/Sex/Self-Help
 6 History/Biography          6 History/Biography
 7 Business                   7 Business
 8 Mystery                    8 Mystery
 9 Kids' Books                9 Kids' Books
10 The Arts                  10 The Arts
11 How To/Lifestyles         11 How To/Lifestyles
12 Sports/Fitness            12 Sports/Fitness
13 Current Events            13 Current Events
14 Entertainment             14 Entertainment
15 Science Fiction           15 Science Fiction
16 Thrillers                 16 Thrillers
17 You're the Author!        17 You're the Author!


Autodesk AutoCAD Forum+      CIS:ACAD

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 AutoCAD                    1 AutoCAD               1 AutoCAD
 2 AutoCAD API                2 AutoCAD API           2 AutoLISP/ADS
 3 AME/AutoSurf/MCAD          3 AME/AutoSurf/MCAD     3 AME
 4 AutoVsn/VLink/Shade        4 AutoVsn/VLink/Shade   4 Shade/Flix/RMan
 5 Hrdware/Drvrs/ADI          5 Hrdware/Drvrs/ADI     5 Drafting Bored
 6 OpSystms/Networks          6 OpSystms/Networks
 7 NAAUG/UsrGps/AdeskU        7 NAAUG/UsrGps/AdeskU
 8 Applications               8 Applications
 9 What's New/Want Ads        9 What's New!
10 Shipping/Receiving        10 Utilities
11 AutoCAD for Windows       11 AutoCAD for Windows
12 GIS/Civil/AEC             12 GIS/Civil/AEC
13 Take 5                    13 Adesk Files/General


Autodesk Retail Products Forum+ CIS:ARETAIL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Generic CADD -PC           1 CADD GCD/Components   1 Main Meeting Hall
 2 AutoCAD LT                 2 ACAD LT DWG/Blocks    2 Back Room
 3 AutoSketch                 3 AutoSketch
 4 HOME/OFFICE Series         4 HOME/OFFICE Series
 5 Hardware & Drivers         5 Drivers ADI/TPR/VGD
 6 3Dr2 / 3D Concepts         6 3D  .3DD's & .CM3's
 7 Instant Artist / GI        7 Instant Artist & GI
 8 Generic CADD -MAC          8 Generic CADD MAC
 9 What's New/Want Ads        9 What's New!
10 Customizing CADD          10 CADD Menus / Macros
11 Customizing ACAD LT       11 ACAD LT Menu/Script
12 General/Misc.             12 Utilities/Misc.
13 Wishlists/Feedback        13 Wishlists
14 Windows / DV / OS/2       14 Windows / DV / OS/2
15 3rd Party Software        15 3rd Party Software
16 Life, Universe & 42       16 Humor & Whimsy


Autodesk Software Forum+     CIS:ASOFT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 IPAS/POCO/AAWIN            1 IPAS/POCO/AAWIN       1 Animated!
 2 Autodesk Animator          2 Autodesk Animator     2 Autodesk Animator
 3 Autodesk 3D Studio         3 Autodesk 3D Studio    3 Autodesk 3D Studio
 4 CA Lab/Chaos               4 CA Lab/Chaos          4 CA Lab/Chaos
 5 CyberSpace Kit/VR          5 CyberSpace Kit/VR
 6 HWare/ADI/OpSys            6 HWare/ADI/OpSys
 7 Wishlist                   7 Wishlist
 8 HyperChem                  8 HyperChem
 9 What's New/Want Ads        9 What's New!
10 Shipping/Receiving        10 Utilities
11 Education Issues          11 Education Issues
12 Take 5/General            12 Autodesk/General


Automobile Forum+            CIS:CARS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 Live Car Talk
 2 Resources/Software         2 Resources/Software
 3 Car Buying                 3 Car Buying
 4 What ails it?              4 What Ails It?
 5 Finance/Insurance          5 Finance/Insurance
 6 Parts & Accessories        6 Parts & Accessories
 7 Safety/Driving             7 Safety/Driving
 8 Motor Mouth                8 Motor Mouth
 9 Performance/Muscle         9 Performance/Muscle
10 The Swap Shop             10 The Swap Shop
11 Collectors' Corner        11 Collectors' Corner
12 Clubs/Events              12 Clubs/Events
13 Technical Trends          13 Technical Trends
14 Trucks, Vans, 4x4s        14 Trucks, Vans, 4x4s
15 Miataville                15 Miataville
16 Rinda Tech/Diacom         16 Rinda Tech/Diacom


Aviation Forum (AVSIG)+      CIS:AVSIG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General/HELP               0 General/HELP          1 AVSIG-1
 1 Weather                    1 Weather/WX Programs   2 AVSIG-2
 2 Navigation                 2 Navigation            3 AVSIG-3
 3 Air Traffic Control        3 Air Traffic Control
 4 SAFETY                     4 SAFETY
 5 Maint/Avionics             5 Maint/Avionics
 6 Instrument Flight          6 Instrument Flight
 7 Training & Careers         7 Training & Careers
 8 Corp/Business/FBOs         8 Corp/Business/FBOs
 9 Sport/Recreation           9 Sport/Recreation
10 Medical/HumnFactors       10 Medical/HumnFactors
11 Fly-Ins/Meetings          11 Fly-ins/Graphics
12 Places to Fly             12 Places to Fly
13 Computer Programs         13 Av Computer Progrms
14 Acft Performance          14 Acft Performance
15 FAA Topics                15 FAA News & Info
16 Hangar Flying             16 Want Ads


Bacchus Wine Forum+          CIS:WINEFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General Wine               0 General Interest      1 Main Hall
 1 Wine Shopping              1 Buyer's Guide         2 The Bar
 2 Tasting Notes              2 Tasting Notes         3 The Board Room
 3 Books & Pubs.              3 Books & Pubs.         5 The Brewery
 4 Food & Wine                4 Food & Wine           6 Smoking Room
 5 Soapbox/Winebox            5 Soapbox/Winebox/Q&A
 6 Cellars/ Cellaring         6 Cellars/ Cellaring
 7 Wine Symposium             7 Wine Symposium
 8 Grapes & Winemaking        8 Grapes & Winemaking
 9 Beers & Breweries          9 Beers & Breweries
11 Dining/Travel/Event       11 Dining/Travel/Event
12 Friends & Fun             12 Eclectic Exchange
13 Technical Homebrew        13 AHA/Zymurgy/Clubs
14 General Homebrewing       14 General Homebrew
15 Beer Recipes/Styles       15 Beer Recipes/Styles
16 Spirits & Other           16 Spirits & Others
17 Cigars/Pipes              17 Cigars/Pipes


Banyan Forum+                CIS:BANFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Use & Help           1 New Uploads           1 The StreetTalk Cafe
 2 ABUI / User Groups         2 ABUI / User Groups    2 The TREEhouse
 3 Macintosh Platforms        3 Known Problem Rpts    3 The Network Nook
 4 EMail/Gateways/Fax         4 Banyan Support Ctr
 5 The Network World          6 Forum/CIS/General
 6 Product Enhancemnts        7 PR/Announcements
 7 SoapBox@Banyan@CI$         8 VINES Shareware
 8 Upgrades/Migrations        9 TechNotes Archive
 9 VINES (All Revs)          10 NICs
10 NICs                      11 Applications/Utils
11 Applications/Utils        12 Network Management
12 Network Management        13 Programming/Toolkit
13 Comms/Connectivity        14 Eval/DemoWare(Exp)
14 Developer/Program'g       15 OS/Windows/Mem.Mgmt
15 OS2/Windows/MemMgmt       16 H/W Certifications
16 Client & Server H/W
17 Patchware


BASIS International Forum+   CIS:BASIS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 BASIS Conference
 2 BBx                        2 BBx
 3 TAOS                       3 TAOS
 4 BBx Project Manager        4 BBx Project Manager
 5 Other Bus. BASIC           5 Other Bus. BASIC
 6 Applications               6 Applications
 7 DOS Environment            7 DOS Environment
 8 *nix Environment           8 *nix Environment
 9 Training Room              9 Training Room
10 The Advantage             10 The Advantage
11 OSAS/ADD+ON               11 OSAS/ADD+ON


Blyth Forum+                 CIS:BLYTH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Info & Help   1 Potpourri
 2 Omnis 3 & 5                2 Omnis 3 & 5           2 Omnis
 3 SQL and DAL                3 SQL and DAL
 4 Extensions                 4 Extensions
 7 Business Partner           9 Omnis Q & A
 9 Omnis 7 1.X               10 Omnis 7 (all vers.)
10 Omnis 7 2.X


Borland Appl. Forum+         CIS:BORAPP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 New User - General         1 New User - General    1 Welcome
 2 Macintosh Products         2 Macintosh Products
 3 SK,Plus, Tl, Eureka        3 SK,Plus, TL, Eureka
 4 Sidekick 2 & Sk PM         4 Sidekick 2 & Sk PM
 5 SuperKey                   5 SuperKey
 6 Screenery                  6 Screenery
 7 Reflex - IBM               7 Reflex - IBM
 8 RapidFile                  8 RapidFile
 9 Applause M-Graphics        9 Applause M-Graphics
10 Framework                 10 Framework
11 Bor Ofc-Install/DAD       11 Bor OFC-Install/Dad
14 Knowledgebase CD          12 Meet the Execs
15 MultiMate                 13 FW IV Font TFMs
16 Sprint                    14 MultiMate
                             15 MultiMate 4.0
                             16 Sprint


Borland C++ for Win/OS2 Forum+ CIS:BCPPWIN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 General
 2 Up & Running               2 From Borland          2 Windows Programming
 3 IDE                        5 Resource Workshop
 4 IDE Experts                6 Debugging Tools
 5 Resource Workshop          8 OS/2
 6 Debugging Tools            9 Borland Classlibs
 7 Command Line Tools        10 Windows Programming
 8 BC++ for OS/2             11 Win32 Programming
 9 Borland Classlibs         12 OWL I
10 Windows Programming       15 OWL II
11 Win32 Programming         17 Non-Tech Cust Serv.
12 OWL 1
13 OWLCVT
15 OWL 2
16 Visual Solutns Pack
17 Non-Tech Cust Serv.


Borland C++/DOS Forum+       CIS:BCPPDOS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 General
 2 Borland DOS Tools          2 From Borland          2 IDE/Compiler/Utils
 3 Debugger/Profiler          3 Debugger/Profiler     3 Debugger/Profiler
 4 Assembly Programing        4 Assembly Programing   4 Assembly Prgrmmng
 5 C Programming              5 C Programming         5 C Programming
 6 C++ Programming            6 C++ Programming       6 C++ Programming
 9 Art of Programming         9 Art of Programming    8 Windows Prgrmmng
11 Turbo Vision              11 Turbo Vision          9 Art of Prgrmmng
17 Non-Tech Cust Serv.       17 Non-Tech Cust Serv.  10 Paradox Engine
                                                     11 DOS Frameworks
                                                     13 Windows Frameworks


Borland dBASE Forum+         CIS:DBASE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 News/General Help          1 News/General Help     1 General/Cust. Srv.
 2 Install/Config             2 Install/Config        2 Install/Config
 3 dBASE III/III+             3 dBASE III/III+        3 dBASE III/III+
 4 dBASE Programming          4 dBASE Programming     4 dBASE Programming
 5 Memory Issues              5 Memory Issues         5 Memory Issues
 6 Runtime/Compiler           6 Runtime/Compiler      6 Runtime/Compiler
 7 Template                   7 Template              7 Template
 8 Control Center             8 Control Center        8 Control Center
 9 dBASE Addons               9 dBASE Addons          9 dBASE Addons
11 Non-DOS Platforms         11 Non-DOS Platforms    11 Non-DOS Platforms
12 Wish List                 12 Wish List            12 Wish List
15 User Groups               15 User Groups          13 Arago
16 Non-Tech Cust Serv.       16 Non-Tech Cust Serv.  15 User Groups


Borland Developer Tool Forum+ CIS:BDEVTOOLS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Borland Dev. Tools
 2 Non-Tech Cust Serv.        2 Non-Tech Cust Serv.
 3 Pdox Eng. C/C++/Pas        3 Pdox Eng. C/C++/Pas
 4 Brief                      4 Brief
 5 Sourcerer's Appren.        5 Sourcerer's Appren.
 6 ObjectVision Gen.          6 ObjectVision Gen.
 7 ObjectVision Links         7 ObjectVision Links
 9 IB New User/Misc.          9 IB New User/Misc.
10 IB Install Issues         10 IB Install Issues
11 IB Ver. Differences       11 IB Ver. Differences
12 IB Net/Environ.           12 IB Net/Environ.
13 IB Op. Sys. Issues        13 IB Op. Sys. Issues
14 IB DSQL Programming       14 IB DSQL Programming
15 IB Performance            15 IB Performance
16 IB Database Admin.        16 IB Database Admin.


Borland GmbH Forum+          CIS:BORGMBH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 C                          1 C                     1 Allgemeines
 2 Pascal                     2 Pascal                2 Bussines-Produkte
 3 Debugger & Tools           3 Debugger & Tools      3 Prog.-Sprachen
 7 Interbase                  8 dBASE
 8 dBASE                     10 Interbase
10 Paradox DOS               11 Paradox
11 Paradox Windows           12 Quattro Pro
12 Quattro Pro               13 Paradox f. Windows
14 Framework                 14 Sonstige Produkte
15 Allgemeines               15 Pressemeldungen
16 Bestellungen/Preise       17 Allgemeines/Preise


Borland Paradox/Dos Forum+   CIS:PDOXDOS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 New Users/Misc             1 New Users/Misc        1 New Users - General
 2 Pdx Vers/1.0-3.5           2 Pdx Vers/1.0-3.5      2 Paradox
 3 Install/CFG/HrdWare        3 Install/CFG/HrdWare   3 PAL
 4 Forms/Handling Data        4 Forms/Handling Data   4 Public Discussion
 5 Queries/Reports            5 Queries/Reports       5 Formal Conferences
 6 App Workshop               6 App Workshop
 7 PAL - Learning             7 PAL - Learning
 8 PAL - USING                8 PAL - Using
 9 UI/Wait/Dialogs            9 UI/Wait/Dialogs
10 Networks/Interop          10 Networks/Interop
11 SQL-Link                  11 SQL-Link
12 Generic Info              12 Generic Info
13 Addins/Training           13 Addins/Training
14 User's Groups             14 User's Groups
16 Non-Tech Cust Serv


Borland Paradox/Windows Forum+ CIS:PDOXWIN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 2 Install/CFG/HrdWare        1 Borland Information   1 General PDoxWin
 3 Tables/TableView           2 Install/CFG/HrdWare
 4 Forms                      3 Tables/TableView
 5 Reports                    4 Forms
 6 Queries                    5 Reports
 7 Utilities/OBEX             6 Queries
 8 Multi-User/Interop         7 Utilities/OBEX
 9 Non-Tech Cust Serv         8 Multi-User/Interop
10 Beginning ObjectPAL       10 Beginning ObjectPAL
11 Advanced ObjectPAL        11 Advanced ObjectPAL
12 SQL-Link                  12 SQL-Link
13 Addins/Training           13 Addins/Training
14 User Groups               14 User Groups


Borland Pascal Forum+        CIS:BPASCAL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Turbo Vision               1 Turbo Vision          1 General
 2 From Borland               2 From Borland          2 Obj-Oriented Prog
 3 Debugger                   3 Debugger              3 Turbo Pascal v.5
 4 Vintage Pascal             4 Vintage Pascal        4 Toolboxes: TP5, TP4
 5 Graphics                   5 Graphics              5 TP 3, 2, 1 & 'Boxes
 6 Protected Mode             6 Protected Mode        6 TPascal For The Mac
 7 DOS Programming            7 DOS Programming       7 Turbo Pascal v. 4
 8 OWL/BWCC                   8 OWL/BWCC             10 Turbo Basic
 9 Windows API                9 Windows API          17 Turbo Pascal, Netwk
10 Windows Tools             10 Windows Tools
15 Non-Tech Cust Serv.       15 Non-Tech Cust Serv.
16 Networks                  16 Networks
17 General                   17 General


Borland Quattro Pro Forum+   CIS:QUATTROPRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 News & Forum Help          1 Tech Info Sheets      1 General
 2 QP/DOS-General             2 QP/DOS-General        2 Q, QPro or QPW
 3 QP/DOS-Printing            3 QP/DOS-Printing
 4 QP/DOS-Macros              4 QP/DOS-Macros
 5 QP/DOS-Networks            5 QP/DOS-Networks
 7 QP/Win-General             7 QP/Win-General
 8 QP/Win-Printing            8 QP/Win-Printing
 9 QP/Win-Macros              9 QP/Win-Macros
10 QP/Win-UI Builder         10 QP/Win-UI Builder
11 QP/Win-Graphs             11 QP/Win-Graphs
12 QP/Win-OLE & DDE          12 QP/Win-OLE & DDE
13 Database Desktop          13 Database Desktop
15 Non-tech Cust Serv.       15 Non-tech Cust Serv.
16 Developer Toolkit         16 Add-ins (DLL/QLL)


Broadcast Pro Forum+         CIS:BPFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Forum Info.        1 UPLOADS               2 Television
 2 Television                 2 Television            3 CATV/MMDS
 3 CATV/MMDS/SCTE             3 CATV/MMDS             5 Radio/TV Talent
 4 B.Eng.- Contract           4 B.Eng/Contract        6 Strictly Audio
 5 Radio/TV Talent            5 Radio/TV Talent       7 SBE
 6 Strictly AUDIO             6 Strictly AUDIO       10 RADIO
 7 Societies                  7 Societies            13 Technical Theatre
 8 Post Prod/ITS/ESIG         8 Post Production      18 General CO Area
 9 FCC Q & A                  9 FCC Q & A
10 Radio                     10 Radio
11 Classified, Jobs          11 Resumes/Jobs/Class.
12 Manufacturers             12 Manufacturers Info.
13 Technical Theatre         13 Technical Theatre
14 The Lobby                 14 General & Help
15 TEK/GVG -OnLine           15 TEK/GVG OnLine
16 ENCO Systems, Inc.        16 ENCO Systems, Inc.
17 Listener/Viewer Q&A


CA App. Development Forum+   CIS:CAIDEV

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 General
 2 CA-dBFast                  2 CA-dBFast
 3 CA-Realia                  3 CA-Realia
 4 CA-Realizer                4 CA-Realizer
 5 CA-C++                     5 CA-C++
 6 CA-CommonView              6 CA-CommonView
 7 CA-RET                     7 CA-RET
15 Client Server             15 Client Server


CA Business Partners Forum+  CIS:CAPARTNERS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Public Access              1 Public Access


CA Micro Germany Forum+      CIS:CAMICRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 Neue Uploads          1 Allg. Diskussion
 2 CA-SuperProject            2 CA-SuperProject
 3 SuperCalc/Compete!         3 SuperCalc/Compete!
 4 CA-Textor                  4 CA-Textor
 5 CA-UpToDate                5 CA-UpToDate
 6 CA-Cricket Family          6 CA-Cricket Family
 7 C++/Common View            7 C++/Common View
 8 CA-Realizer                8 CA-Realizer
 9 CA-dbFast                  9 CA-dbFast


CA Pro Solutions Forum+      CIS:CAIPRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1
 2 ACCPAC BPI                 2 ACCPAC BPI
 3 ACCPAC Plus                3 ACCPAC Plus
 5 CA-Cricket Family          5 CA-Cricket Family
 6 CA-Netman/PC               6 CA-Netman/PC
 7 SuperCalc/Compete          7 SuperCalc/Compete
 8 CA-SuperProject            8 CA-SuperProject
 9 CA-Textor                  9 CA-Textor
10 CA-UpToDate               10 CA-UpToDate
12 CA-20/20                  12 CA-20/20


CA-Clipper Germany Forum+    CIS:CLIPGER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Tech. Diskussionen
 2 CA-Clipper                 2 CA-Clipper            2 Allg. Diskussionen
 3 CA-Clipper+Netzwerk        3 CA-Clipper+Netzwerk
 4 CA-Clipper Tools II        4 CA-Clipper Tools II
 5 CA-Clipper + C             5 CA-Clipper + C
 6 CA-Clipper+Assembl.        6 CA-Clipper+Assembl.
 7 xBase-Techniques           7 xBase-Techniques
 8 OOP-Diskussion             8 OOP-Diskussion
 9 Usergroups                 9 Usergroups
10 Marketing News            10 Marketing News
11 Add-On-Produkte           11 Add-On-Produkte
13 Neue Uploads              13 Neue Uploads
14 Dokumentation             14 Dokumentation
15 Deutsche Forum Lib        15 Deutsche Forum Lib
17 SoapBox                   17 Techn. Themen


CA-Simply Forum+             CIS:CASIMPLY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Hall
 2 CA-SM Accounts/Misc        2 CA-Simply Money
 3 CA-SM Reports/Graph        7 CA-Simply Tax
 4 CA-SM Hardware             8 CA-Simply Acctg.
 5 CA-SM Import/Export
 6 CA-SM Investments
 7 CA-Simply Tax
 8 CA-Simply Acctg.


Cabletron Systems Forum+     CIS:CTRONFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Cafe CTRON
 2 DNI Cards                  2 Press Releases        2 Ethernet Room
 3 Ethernet Products          3 Demo Software         3 Token Ring Room
 4 Token Ring Products        4 DNI Drivers/Patches
 5 WAN Products               5 Lanview MIB
 6 LANVIEW/Windows            6 Flash Images
 7 SPECTRUM
 8 Diagnostic Tools
10 FDDI Products
11 Specialty MIMs


CADD/CAM/CAE Vendor Forum+   CIS:CADDVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 ALL CADD/CAM/CAE           1 ALL CADD/CAM/CAE      1 Conference Room 1
 2 UTS / TK Solver!           2 UTS / TK Solver!      2 UTS/TK Solver!
 3 EasyCAD/FastCAD            3 EasyCAD/FastCAD       3 EasyCAD/FastCAD
 4 ISICAD/CADVANCE            4 ISICAD/CADVANCE       4 Isicad/CADVANCE
 5 CADlink                    5 CADlink               5 CADlink
 7 CADKEY                     7 CADKEY                7 CADKEY
 8 Ashlar                     8 Ashlar                8 Ashlar
 9 ESRI                       9 ESRI                  9 ESRI
10 IBM CAD                   10 IBM CAD              10 IBM CAD
11 Graphsoft                 11 Graphsoft            11 Graphsoft


Cadence Forum+               CIS:CADENCE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 News & Information         1 News & Information    1 Member Conference
 2 CADENCE Code               2 CADENCE Code          2 Member Conference
 3 CADENCE Exchange           3 CADENCE Exchange      3 CADENCE Conference
 4 AutoCAD Add-Ons            4 AutoCAD Add-Ons       4 Public Discussion
 5 AutoLISP                   5 AutoLISP
 6 Hands-On AutoCAD           6 Hands-On AutoCAD
 7 HOT TOPICS!                7 HOT TOPICS!
 8 General Utilities          8 General Utilities
 9 Tutorials & More           9 Tutorials & More
10 User Groups               10 User Groups
11 Closed                    11 Product News
12 Tips & Tricks             12 Tips & Tricks
13 Third Party Support       13 Third Party Support
14 ACAD in 3D                14 ACAD in 3D
15 Closed                    15 Closed
                             16 EuroCAD


California Forum+            CIS:CALFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Cantina California
 2 Northern California        2 Northern California   2 The Poolside
 3 Southern California        3 Southern California   3 The Cove
 4 San Diego Area             4 San Diego Area        4 Hot Tub
 5 LA Basin                   5 LA Basin              5 The Clubhouse
 6 SF Bay Area                6 SF Bay Area           6 The Cathouse
 7 CA Today                   7 CA Today              7 The NewsCenter
 8 Westward, Ho!              8 Westward, Ho!        16 Caucus
 9 Business & Science         9 Business & Science   17 Promenade
10 Californians              10 Californians
11 CA and the Arts           11 CA and the Arts
13 California Politics       13 California Politics
14 Touring California        14 Touring California
15 Sports & Recreation       15 Sports & Recreation
16 Central California        16 Central California
17 League/Voters CA          17 League/Voters CA


Cancer Forum+                CIS:CANCER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General / Help             1 General / Help        1 General CO
 2 Why Me? (Support)          2 Software Library      2 Practice Room
 3 Standard Therapy           3 Threads/Transcripts   3 Off The Topic
 4 Supplemental Thrpy         4 Resources             4 Breast CA Coalition
 5 Prevention                 5 Motivation
 6 Cancer in Kids             6 Children's Library
 7 Cancer in Adults           7 Medical Graphics
 8 Family Support             8 Research Library
 9 New Research               9 Epicurean Quarter
10 The Coffee Shop           10 Reference Library
11 Ostomy Issues             11 Breast CA Coalition
12 On Computers...           13 Immune Deficiencies
13 Immune Deficiencies
14 Breast CA Coalition


Canon Support Forum+         CIS:CAN-10

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Hardware Service           1 Laser Printers        1 Public Discussion
 2 Laser Printers             2 CaPSL III Coding
 3 Bubble Jet Printers        3 Bubble Jet Printers
 4 Image Scanners             4 Other Printers
 5 Navigator                  5 Image Scanners
 6 Digital Copiers            6 Digital Copiers
 7 Miscellaneous              7 Navigator
 8 Personal Computers         8 Printer Drivers
12 Clean Earth                9 Demo Shows
14 Color BJ Printers         10 Personal Computers
15 35mm Cameras/Lenses       13 Color BJ Printers
                             14 Shareware/Util.
                             15 35mm Cameras/Lenses


Canopus Forum+               CIS:CANOPUS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 General Discussion
 2 Canopus Report             2 Canopus Report        2 The Canopus Room
 3 HOT!/NOT! Hardware         3 RPPVs (Reviews)
 4 HOT!/NOT! Software         4 Vendor Information
 5 HOT!/NOT! Networks         5 Software (Programs)
 6 The OS Wars                6 Thread Archives
 7 Ask Will                  14 Computer Chronicles
 8 Section Eight
 9 Honored Guests
10 News of the Week
11 New Technologies
12 Industry Trends
13 The VR Bar & Grill
14 Computer Chronicles


CASE DCI Forum+              CIS:CASEFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Help                 1 Forum Help            1 The Water Cooler
 2 CASE                       2 CASE                  2 New CASE Users
 3 Objects                    3 Objects               3 Product Evaluators
 4 Data Administration        4 Data Administration   4 Methodologies
 5 Software Engineerng        5 Software Engineerng
 6 Management                 6 Management
 7 Janet Ruhl                 7 Janet Ruhl
 8 DCI's Coffee House         8 DCI's Coffee House
 9 SE Mgmt Study Group        9 SE Study Group BIOs
10 SE Meth Study Group       10 SE StdyGrp Ref&Arch
11 Teamwork/Psychology       11 Teamwork/Psychology
12 GuildNet                  12 GuildNet
13 Quality Assrnc Inst       13 Quality Assrnc Inst


CB Forum+                    CIS:CBFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 New CBers (Welcome)        1 General               1 Chit Chat Zone 1
 2 General Discussions        2 CB in the Press       2 Chit Chat Zone 2
 3 Teen Talk                  3 CB History
 4 Soapbox (In-Depth)         4 Gallery & Profiles
 5 CB Club Q&A                5 Events Calendars
 6 Party Information          6 CB Games Info
 7 Lost & Found               7 POINT PARTI(R)
 8 CB in the News             9 Utilities
 9 Tech Talk
10 The Suggestion Box
11 Contest Entries
12 CHATTers' Lounge
13 CB Games Info
14 POINT PARTI(R)


CD-ROM Vendor Forum+         CIS:CDVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Section            1 General Library       1 Conference Room 1
 2 Bowker Elec Pub            2 Bowker Elec Pub       2 Conference Room 2
 3 Meridian Data              3 Meridian Data         3 Conference Room 3
 4 Multimedia Monitor         4 Multimedia Monitor    4 Conference Room 4
 5 Nimbus                     5 Nimbus
 6 One Off CD Shops           6 One Off CD Shops
 7 QuickScan                  7 QuickScan
 8 Trantor Systems            8 Trantor Systems
 9 Bureau of Elec Pub         9 Bureau of Elec Pub
10 Best Photo Labs           10 Best Photo Labs
11 Online Computer Sys       11 Online Computer Sys
12 CMC                       12 CMC
13 ZCI Publishing            13 ZCI Publishing
14 Compton's NewMedia        14 Compton's NewMedia


CDROM Forum+                 CIS:CDROM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               2 Room 2, Wed 10 pm
 2 Titles & New Prods         2 Titles & New Prods    3 Open Discussion b
 3 Macintosh                  3 Macintosh             4 Open Discussion c
 4 DOS, Windows, OS/2         4 DOS, Windows, OS/2
 5 Networking                 5 Networking
 6 Stand-Alone Pltfrms        6 Stand-Alone Pltfrms
 7 Drives/Hardware            7 Drives/Hardware
 8 CDROM Production           8 CDROM Production
 9 Industry Issues            9 Industry Issues
10 Marketplace               10 Marketplace
11 SIGCAT                    11 SIGCAT
12 NautilusCD                12 NautilusCD
13 Standards                 13 Standards
14 Optical Pub Assoc         14 Optical Pub Assoc


Central Point DOS Forum+     CIS:CPSDOS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Announcements              1 General Information   1 CPU
 2 CP Backup/DOS              2 CP Backup/DOS
 4 CPAV/DOS                   4 CPAV/DOS
 6 Commute                    5 Network Products
 7 Install                    6 Commute
 8 PC Tools Desktop           7 PC Tools/DOS
 9 PC Shell V5, V6, V7        8 XTree Products
10 Desktop Accessories        9 Account/Order Info
12 System Tools              10 From Our Tech Staff
13 Data Recovery Tools
14 DOS Potpourri
15 Network Products
16 XTree Products
17 Account/Order Info


Central Point Win/Mac Forum+  CIS:CPSWIN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Announcements              1 General Information   1 CPU
 2 CP Backup/Win              2 CP Backup/Win
 3 Scrapbook                  3 Scrapbook
 4 CPAV/Win-OS/2              4 CPAV/Win-OS/2
 7 PCT/Win Install            6 ScriptTools Scripts
 8 PCT/Win Desktop            7 PC Tools/Win
 9 File Mgt Tools             8 XTree for Windows
11 Script Tools               9 Account/Order Info
12 System Tools              10 Macintosh Products
13 Data Recovery Tools
14 Windows Potpourri
15 Macintosh Products
16 XTree for Windows
17 Account/Order Info


Chess Forum+                 CIS:CHESSFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 Chess Basics               2 Chess Basics          2 Chess Basics
 3 Theory & Analysis          3 Theory & Analysis     3 Theory & Analysis
 4 News Wire                  4 News Wire             4 News Wire
 5 Hardware/Software          5 Hardware/Software     5 Hardware/Software
 6 Casual Games               6 Casual Games          6 Casual Games
 7 Electronic Knights         7 Electronic Knights    7 Electronic Knights
 8 Oriental/Variants          8 Oriental/Variants     8 Oriental/Variants
 9 Tourneys (Open)            9 Tourneys (Open)       9 Tourneys (Open)
10 Tourneys (Reserve)        10 Tourneys (Reserve)   10 Tourneys (Reserve)
11 USCF Q&A                  11 USCF Q&A             11 USCF Q&A
12 USCF Rated Games          12 USCF Rated Games     12 USCF Rated Games
13 Ask the GMs               13 Ask the GMs          13 Ask the GMs
14 Team Play                 14 Team Play            14 Team Play
15 ECenter Chess             15 ECenter Chess        15 ECenter Chess
16 Time Out                  16 Time Out             16 Time Out


ChipSoft Forum+              CIS:CHIPSOFT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 CO ROOM 1 - GEN
 2 ChipSoft Info              2 ChipSoft Info
 3 DOS Personal/1040          3 Dos Personal/1040
 4 Win Personal/1040          4 Win Personal/1040
 5 Mac Personal/1040          5 Mac Personal/1040
 6 DOS ProSeries/1040         6 Dos ProSeries/1040
 7 Win ProSeries/1040         7 Win ProSeries/1040
 8 Mac ProSeries/1040         8 Mac ProSeries/1040
 9 DOS Personal/States        9 Dos Personal/State
10 Win Personal/States       10 Win Personal/State
11 Mac Personal/States       11 Mac Personal/State
12 Dos ProSeries/State       12 DOS ProSeries/State
13 Win ProSeries/State       13 Win ProSeries/State
14 Mac ProSeries/State       14 Mac ProSeries/State
15 Business Programs         15 Business Programs
16 Electronic Filing         16 Electronic Filing


Citrix Systems Forums+       CIS:CITRIX

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Public Arena
 2 WinView Support            2 WinView 2.2x Fixes    2 WinViews
 3 CMU Support                3 WinView 2.0x Fixes
 4 NAS Support                4 CMU 2.x Fixes
 5 User to User               5 NAS 1.3x Fixes
 6 Applications               6 NAS 1.2x Fixes
 7 Success Stories            7 Tools + Utilities
 8 Citrix News                8 Literature + Docs.
 9 The Wishing Well           9 3rd Party Drivers
10 UNDER CONSTRUCTION


Clarion Software Forum+      CIS:CLARION

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 2.1 Discussion             1 Product Information   2 The General Room
 2 TopSpeed Discussion        2 File Uploads          3 The Clarion Room
 3 2.1 Support                3 Bug Uploads           4 The TopSpeed Room
 4 TopSpeed Support           4 Clarion V2 Docs
 5 R & D Suggestions          5 Clarion V3 Docs
 6 Sales & Service            6 TopSpeed Docs
 7 3rd Party Vendors          7 Clarion V2 Programs
 8 3.0 Support                8 Clarion V3 Programs
 9 3.0 Discussion             9 TopSpeed Programs
10 General Discussion        10 3rd Party Vendors
11 CDDW Discussion           11 Demo Programs
12 Compliment/Complain       12 Misc. Utilities
                             13 Product Patches


Claris Macintosh Forum+      CIS:MACCLARIS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Public Conference
 2 FileMaker                  2 FileMaker Library     2 Special Event Room
 3 ClarisWorks                3 ClarisWorks Library
 4 ClarisImpact               4 ClarisImpact
 5 Graphics                   5 Graphics Library
 6 MacWrite                   6 MacWrite Library
 7 MacProject                 7 MacProject Library
 8 Resolve                    8 Resolve Library
                              9 C*WUG Library


Claris Windows Forum+        CIS:WINCLARIS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Cross-Platform             1 Cross-Platform        1 Public Room
 2 FileMaker                  2 FileMaker             2 Special Events Room
 3 ClarisWorks                3 ClarisWorks


Client Server Computing Forum+ CIS:MSNETWORKS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Non-Tech Info              1 MS Info and Index     1 Conference Room 1
 2 Install and Config         2 Install and Config
 3 LM on OS/2                 3 LM on OS/2
 4 LM on WinNT                4 LM on WinNT
 5 LM/WFW Interop             5 LM/WFW Interop
 6 LM/Netware Interop         6 LM/Netware Interop
 7 LM/Remote Access           7 LM/Remote Access
 8 LM/Macintosh Introp        8 LM/Macintosh Introp
 9 NDIS (Net Cards)           9 NDIS (Net Cards)
10 NDIS (Transports)         10 NDIS (Transports)
11 LM Programming            11 LM Programming
12 Network Mgmt              12 Network Mgmt


Clipper Forum+               CIS:CLIPPER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        0 Browse Me First!      1 CA-Clipper Chat
 2 CA-Clipper Prog.           1 General Files
 3 CA-Clipper & LANs          2 CA-Clipper Prog.
 4 CA-Clipper APIs            3 CA-Clipper & LANs
 5 Nanforum Toolkit           4 CA-Clipper APIs
 6 CA-Clipper RDDs            5 Nanforum Toolkit
 7 3rd Party Products         6 CA-Clipper RDDs
 8 3rd Party Announce.        7 3rd Party Products
 9 User Groups                9 Closed
10 CA-Clipper Tools          10 CA-Clipper Tools
11 CA TechniCons             11 CA TechniCons
12 Compiler Kit              12 Compiler Kit
13 Jobs, Vertical Mkt        13 Developers/Jobs
14 OOP Discussions           14 OOP Files
15 CA-Clipper/ExoSpace       15 CA-Clipper/ExoSpace
17 Chit-Chat/Soapbox         17 Short-Term Files


Collectibles Forum+          CIS:COLLECT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Beginner's Corner          1 General Information   1 General Collecting
 2 Stamps and Covers          2 Stamps and Covers     2 The Stamp Den
 3 NonSports & Comics         3 NonSports & Comics    3 NonSports & Comics
 4 Coins and Currency         4 Coins and Currency    4 Coin Collectors
 5 Sports Card Trading        5 Sports Card Trading   5 Card Trading Post
 6 Sports Cards etc.          6 Sports Cards etc.     6 Baseball Cards
 7 Other Collectibles         7 Other Collectibles    7 Other Collectibles
 8 Telecards                  8 Telecards             8 Telecards
 9 Collector's Den            9 Collector's Den       9 Collector's Den
10 Books and Media           10 Books and Media      10 Books and Media
11 Autographs                11 Autographs           11 Autographs
12 Sports Memorabilia        12 Sports Memorabilia   12 Sports Memorabilia
14 Music Collectibles        14 Music Collectibles   14 Music Collectibles
15 Dolls and Figurines       15 Dolls and Figurines  15 Dolls and Figurines
16 ANA Money Bytes           16 ANA Money Bytes      16 ANA Money Bytes


Color Computer Forum+        CIS:COCO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 Reference Library     1 General Conferences
 2 Graphics                   2 Graphics              2 General Conferences
 3 Games                      3 Games
 4 Music                      4 Music
 6 Telecommunications         6 Telecommunications
 7 BBS Systems                7 CoCo BBS Systems
 8 Application/Utility        8 Application/Utility
 9 OpSystems/Languages        9 OpSystems/Languages
10 Hardware/Technical        10 Hardware/Technical
11 CoCo 3                    11 CoCo 3
12 The Soapbox               12 The Soapbox
13 Products / Reviews        13 Products / Reviews
14 Private Classifieds       14 Private Classifieds
15 Orchestra-90              15 Orchestra-90
16 PC-Orchestra              16 PC-Orchestra


Comics/Animation Forum+      CIS:COMIC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 General
 2 News and Reviews           2 News and Reviews      2 News and Reviews
 3 Comic Books                3 Comic Books           3 Comic Books
 4 Collecting                 4 Collecting Comics     4 Collecting
 5 Japanimation               5 Japanimation          5 Japanimation
 6 Animation                  6 Animation             6 Animation
 7 Industry Issues            7 Industry Issues       7 Industry Issues
 8 Newspaper Strips           8 Newspaper Strips      8 Newspaper Strips
 9 Writing & Drawing          9 Writing & Drawing     9 Writing & Drawing
10 Focus: BRAVURA            10 Conventions          10 Creator Focus
11 Letters of Comment        11 Anime Picture Files  11 Letters of Comment
12 Adult Comics              12 Adult Comics         12 Adult Comics
13 Meetings & Cons           13 Independents News    13 Meetings & Cons
14 Chatter                   14 Comic Art GIF Files  14 Chatter
15 Self-Publishing           15 Marvel News          15 Comic Art Museum
16 Retailers                 16 Malibu News          17 WITSIG
                             17 WITSIG               18 Default CON room


Commodore Applications Forum+ CIS:CBMAPP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Help & News          1 New Uploads           1 Meeting Place
 2 Programming                2 ARC/Help/Forum Util   2 Extra Room
 3 geoProgramming             3 Demos and Info
 4 Hardware                   4 geoProgramming
 5 Telecom/BBS                5 BASIC and ML
 6 Application S'ware         6 C & Other Languages
 7 CP/M                       7 CP/M Software
 8 Education                  8 Disk/REU Utilities
 9 Pushing the Limits         9 Home and Business
10 CMD Support               10 Science & Education
15 Trading Post              11 Exotic Applications
16 Ramblings                 12 C64 Telecom
                             13 C128 Telecom
                             14 Bulletin Boards
                             15 Orphan Computers
                             16 Vendor Support LIB


Commodore Arts/Games Forum+  CIS:CBMART

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Help--Utility Tools        1 Help--Utility Tools   1 Community Square
 2 Community Square           2 Community Square     17 Extra CO Room
 3 Sids 'N Stuff              3 Sids 'N Stuff        18 Main  CO Room
 4 Music Util/Demos           4 Music Util/Demos
 5 Poetry & Writings          5 Baroque & Classics
 6 Binary Brushworks          6 Binary Brushworks
 7 'Peeks' & Pix Group        7 'Peeks' & Pix Group
 8 Arcade/Action Games        8 Arcade/Action Games
 9 Adventure Games            9 Adventure Games
10 Graphics Util & GIF       10 Graphics Util & GIF
11 Board/Card/Ed Games       11 Board/Card/Ed Games
12 CAD & FIGUREs/RLEs        12 CAD & FIGUREs/RLEs
13 GEOS in General           13 GEOS in General
14 Pixel Perfect & RLE       14 Pixel Perfect & RLE
15 geoPaint Gallery          15 geoPaint Gallery
16 TV/Movie/XMAS & RAW       16 TV/Movie/XMAS & RAW


Commodore Service Forum+     CIS:CBMSERVICE

Message Sections Available:                          Conference Rooms Available:
 0 C= Press Releases                                  1 C= Press Releases
 1 General=Help                                       2 General=Help
 2 Service Centers                                    3 The Commodore 64
 3 PC Connection                                      4 The Commodore 128
 4 Amiga Arena                                        5 Amiga Arena
 5 [Customer Support]                                 6 [Customer Support]
 6 Soft + Hardware                                    7 Soft + Hardware
 7 Other CBM Computers                                8 Other CBM Computers
 8 User Group Center                                  9 User Group Center
 9 ^New Members^                                     10 ^New Members^
11 Suggestion Box


Compaq Connection+           CIS:CPQFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Laptops / Notebooks        1 Flash ROM Upgrades    1 Conference Room 1
 2 Portables                  2 Drivers / Utilities
 3 Desktops                   3 Software Updates
 4 Towers                     4 Software Solutions
 5 Networking                 5 Diagnostics / Setup
 6 Software                   6 Product Information
 7 Feedback / Input           7 Press Releases
 8 Customer Service
 9 General Information
10 Printers


CompuAdd Forum+              CIS:COMPUADD

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 CompuAdd News         1 CompuAdd One
 2 Announcements              2 New Uploads           2 Multimedia
 3 Sparc/SS-2                 3 Multimedia
 4 Multimedia                 4 Systems
 5 Windows                    5 SPARC/SS-2
 6 DOS 5.x/6.x                6 Network
 7 Network                    7 Drives
 8 Systems                    8 Peripherals
 9 Laptops/Notebooks          9 Video
10 Drives                    10 Windows
11 Peripherals               11 Operating Systems
12 Video                     12 Public Domain
                             13 Laptops/Notebooks


CompuServe Help Forum(FREE)  CIS:HELPFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 General Information        1 Help Library
 2 CompuServe Mail            2 Reference Help
 3 Ask IQuest Support         3 What's New on CIS
 4 Reference Services
 5 News/Weather
 6 Financial Services
 7 CB/Conferencing
 8 Using File Finder
 9 Other Services
10 CompuServe Magazine
11 Pricing Plans
12 Forum Referrals
13 CompuServe Games
14 Online Symbols
15 Accessing CIS
16 Ask Cust. Service


CompuServe Pacific Forum+    CIS:PACFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Help & Info          0 Macintosh Files       1 Our Conference Room
 2 NZ Chat & NZPCA            1 DOS & General Files
 3 Australia Chat             2 New Zealand
 4 Other Countries            3 Australia
 5 Travel                     4 Other Countries
 6 Sport                      5 Travel
 7 Politics                   6 Sport
 8 Entertainment              7 Politics
 9 Business                   8 Entertainment
10 Science Fiction Con        9 Business
11 Sydney Olympics           10 Science Fiction Con
12 Naturalist                11 Sydney Olympics
                             12 Naturalist


Computer Art Forum+          CIS:COMART

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 New Images                 1 New Images           10 Painter Users Group
 2 General Discussion         2 Focus: Superheroes   11 Matisse Users Group
 3 Hall of Fame               3 Hall of Fame         12 Tempra Users Group
 4 Cars-Boats-Planes          4 Cars-Boats-Planes    14 Beginners' Studio
 5 People & Portraits         5 People & Portraits   15 Artists' Colony
 6 World of Nature            6 World of Nature      16 Young Artists
 7 Potpourri                  7 Potpourri            17 Graphic Novels
 8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi           8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi     18 Public Discussion
 9 Cartoons & Comics          9 Cartoons & Comics
10 Painter Users Group       10 Painter Users Group
11 Matisse Users Group       11 Matisse Users Group
12 Tempra Users Group        12 Tempra Users Group
14 Beginners' Studio         14 Beginners' Studio
15 Artists' Colony           15 Artists' Colony
16 Young Artists             16 Young Artists
17 Graphic Novels            17 Graphic Novels


Computer Club Forum+         CIS:CLUB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General/Hardware           1 General/Hardware      2 Sanyo
 2 Sanyo                      2 Sanyo                 3 Eagle's Nest
 3 Eagle's Nest               3 Eagle's Nest          4 Timex/Sinclair
 4 Timex/Sinclair             4 TS 1000/1500          5 Z88 & Actirx
 5 Z88 & Actrix               5 Z88 & Actrix          6 QL-Spectrum-  2068
 6 QL                         6 QL                    7 Panasonic
 7 Panasonic                  7 Panasonic             8 OSI-Ohio Scientific
 8 OSI                        8 OSI                   9 ADAMania
 9 ADAMania                   9 ADAMania             10 Adam - CP/M
10 ADAM CP/M                 10 ADAM CP/M            11 Victor 9000
11 Victor 9000               11 Victor 9000          12 Apricot
12 Apricot                   12 Apricot              13 Amstrad
13 Amstrad                   13 Amstrad              15  Kaypro CP/M
15  Kaypro CP/M              14 TS 2068/Spectrum     16  Kaypro MS-DOS
16  Kaypro MS-DOS            15  Kaypro CP/M         17 Laptops/Portables
17 Laptops/Portables         16  Kaypro MS-DOS       18 The Meeting Place
                             17 Laptops/Portables


Computer Consult. Forum+     CIS:CONSULT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Information          1 Forum Information     8 Alternate CO Room
 2 About ICCA                 2 About ICCA           18 Public Area
 3 Getting Started            3 Getting Started
 4 Business Issues            4 Business Issues
 5 Client Issues              5 Client Issues
 6 Political & Legal          6 Political & Legal
 7 Connectivity               7 Connectivity
 8 Microcomputers             8 Microcomputers
 9 Mini & Mainframes          9 Mini & Mainframe
10 Other Technical           10 Other Technical
11 For What It's Worth       11 For What It's Worth
13 Study Group               13 Study Group
14 Contracts & Jobs          14 Contracts & Jobs


Computer Language Forum+     CIS:CLMFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General/Reference          0 General/Reference     1 General/Referen
 1 SD Program Code            1 SD Program Code       2 SD Program Code
 2 OOP Alley                  2 OOP Alley             3 OOP Alley
 3 The Study Hall             3 The Study Hall        4 Software Review
 4 Share/FreeWare             4 Share/FreeWare        5 Share/FreeWare
 5 Language Tools             5 Language Tools        6 Language Tools
 6 Ada Forum                  6 Ada Library           7 The C Forum
 7 R&D Publications           7 R&D Publications      8 FORTH Forum
 8 Wild Pointers              8 Wild Pointers         9 Ada Forum
 9 WinTech                    9 WinTech              12 The ToolWorks
11 ToolWorks (CASE)          11 ToolWorks (CASE)     14 TesSeRact(tm)
12 Embedded Sys. Prog.       12 Embedded Sys. Prog.  18 PUBLIC AREA
16 PC Techniques             16 PC Techniques
17 EasyCASE/EasyCASE+        17 EasyCASE/EasyCASE+


Computer Shopper (UK) Forum+  CIS:UKSHOPPER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 2 General Messages           2 General Info          2 Babbleonia
 3 Hardware                   3 MS-DOS Utilities
 4 Applications               4 Windows Utilities
 5 Op. Systems & Utils        5 Macro's & Tips
 6 Industry Comment           7 Entertainment
 7 New Members                8 Non-PC
 8 Article Comments           9 Demo Applications
 9 Non-PC                    10 Demo Games
10 Chit-Chat
11 Helpfile
12 Hardware Adverts
13 Software Adverts
14 Services Adverts
15 Comdex 93


Computer Training Forum+     CIS:DPTRAIN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information  16 Secondary Breakout
 2 Training Techniques        2 Articles             17 Primary Breakout
 3 Training Technology        3 DPTRAIN COURSEWARE   18 DPTRAIN Conference
 4 Computer Support           4 New Product Reviews
 5 MIS Development            5 Career Corner
 6 New Product Info           6 Training Software
 7 Computer "Issues"          7 Seminar Lessons
 8 Spreadsheets               8 DPTRAIN Thinktank
 9 Information Centers        9 COnference Files
10 Career Corner             10 Vendor Files
11 CBT                       11 Newsletter Exchange
12 Re-Tooling Project        12 Re-Tooling Project
13 New Member Intros         14 T&S Conference
14 ACTS & Conference         15 Interactive '94
15 DPTRAIN Directory
17 Local Group Network


Consumer Elect. Forum+       CIS:CEFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 CEFORUM Information        1 CEFORUM Information   1 Community Square
 2 Video Hardware             2 Video Hardware        2 Formal Conference
 3 Audio Hardware             3 Audio Hardware
 4 Video Software             4 Video Software
 5 Audio Software             5 Audio Software
 6 TV/Cable/Radio             6 TV/Cable/Radio
 7 Films/Theaters             7 Films/Theaters
 8 Satellite Systems          8 Satellite Systems
 9 Telephone Products         9 Telephone Products
10 Misc. Electronics         10 Misc. Electronics
11 Home Automation           11 Home Automation
12 Community Square          12 Community Square
13 Equipment For Sale        13 Equipment for Sale
14 Cellular/Paging           14 Cellular/Paging
15 Desktop Video             15 Desktop Video
16 P.E.G.- TV Listings       16 P.E.G.- TV Listings
17 Camcorders                17 Camcorders


Cook's Online Forum+         CIS:COOKS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General/System Help        1 General/System Help  18 Banquet Hall
 2 New Uploads                2 New Uploads
 3 First Course               3 First Course
 4 Herbs and Spices           4 Herbs and Spices
 5 Desserts and Sweets        5 Desserts and Sweets
 6 Meat-Poultry-Fish          6 Meat-Poultry-Fish
 7 Ethnic Recipes             7 Ethnic Recipes
 8 Outdoor Cooking            8 Outdoor Cooking
 9 Breads                     9 Breads
10 Microwave Cooking         10 Microwave Cooking
11 Fruits & Vegetables       11 Fruits & Vegetables
12 Soups & Salads            12 Soups & Salads
13 Dining Out                13 Dining Out
14 Nutrition                 14 Nutrition
15 Tools and Books           15 Tools and Books
16 Vegetarian                16 Vegetarian
17 Potpourri                 17 Potpourri


Corel Forum+                 CIS:CORELAPPS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 CorelDRAW! 3.0             1 CorelDRAW! 3.0        1 Room #1
 2 CorelDRAW! OS/2            2 CorelDRAW! OS/2
 3 CorelSCSI!                 3 CorelSCSI!
 4 Customer Service           4 Customer Service
 5 CorelDRAW! UNIX            5 CorelDRAW! UNIX
 6 CorelDRAW! 4               6 CorelDRAW! 4
 7 Corel SIG's                7 Corel SIG's
 8 Text and Type
 9 Import / Export
14 Printing / Imaging
16 Views and Opinions


Court Reporters Forum+       CIS:CRFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 New Arrivals & Help        1 New Arrivals & Help   1 Newbie Conferencing
 2 General Interest           2 Reporting Interests   2 Topical Conferences
 3 Realtime Reporting         3 Realtime/Captioning   3 RT Conferencing
 4 Captioning                 4 Non-Reporting Files   4 Captiong Confrencg
 5 Writing Theories           5 Windows and More!     5 "How do/u write..."
 6 Students & Schools         6 Students & Schools    6 Your turn, Students
 7 Scopists, et al.           7 Scopists              7 Scopist Conference
 8 Utilities/Shareware        8 Utilities/Shareware   8 DOS Chatter
 9 NCRA & JCR                10 Vendors & CR Firms    9 NCRA and You!
10 Vendors/Classifieds       11 Lederer on Language  10 The Vendors' Turn
11 Lederer on Language       12 Fun and Games        11 Online with Lederer
12 "Poobah's Porch"                                  12 Weekly "PorchFests"
17 Assn of Legal Admin


CP/M Users Group Forum+      CIS:CPMFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1  Hardware                  1  New Uploads          1 General CO Room
 2  CP/M-80                   2  General CP/M Files   2 Alternate Room
 3  Commodore CP/M            3  Commodore CP/M
 4  Word Processors           4  Word Processors
 5  BBS/RCPM Systems          5  BBS/RCPM Files
 6  ZCPR                      6  ZCPR Files
 7  dBase/Languages           7  dBase/Languages
 8  Telecommunication         8  Telecommunication
 9  Potpourri                 9 Forum Help Files
10  16-32 Bit                10  16-32 Bit Files
11  For Sale-Private         11 Epson Files
12  Basic CP/M Info
13  Portables
14 Epson Section


Crafts Forum+                CIS:CRAFTS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Introductions/Help         1 Help/Resources        1 Meeting Center
 2 Knitting & Crochet         2 Knitting & Crochet    2 Knitting & Crochet
 3 Spinning                   3 Spinning              3 SkyWeb Room
 4 Weaving                    4 Weaving               4 Weaving
 5 Stitchery & Lace           5 Stitchery & Lace      5 Stitchery & Lace
 6 Sewing                     6 Sewing                6 Sewing
 7 Quilting                   7 Quilting              7 Quilting Bee
 8 Paper & Stamping           8 Paper & Stamping      8 The Rubber Room
 9 Glass/Clay/Ceramics        9 Glass/Clay/Ceramics   9 Glass/Clay/Ceramics
11 Woodworking               11 Woodworking          10 Paper Crafts
12 All Other Crafts          12 All Other Crafts     11 WoodShop
13 Focus: Basketry           13 Focus: Seasonal      12 All Other Crafts
14 Unravelling Threads       14 Graphics/Portfolio   13 Focus/Seasonal
15 Miniatures                15 Miniatures           14 Graphics/Portfolio
16 Technical Support         16 Tech Support/Beta    15 Miniatures
17 Business & Trades         17 Business & Trades    16 Technical Support
                                                     17 Crafts Businesses


Creative Labs Forum+         CIS:BLASTER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 What A Blast!
 2 Sound and Music            2 Sound and Music       2 Creative Conference
 3 CDROMs                     3 Updates & Fixes
 4 VideoBlaster/Spigot        4 Video
 5 OS/2 & Windows NT         16 Programming Info
16 Programming Support


Creative Solutions/Forth Forum+ CIS:FORTH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General/Grapevine          0 General/Grapevine     1 Main CO Area
 1 General Forth              1 General Forth         2 Aux CO Area
 2 Special Topics             2 Special Topics
 3 Amiga Multi-Forth          3 Amiga Multi-Forth
 4 Atari ST Multi-4th         4 Atari ST Multi-4th
 5 MacForth Lev 1,2,3         5 MacForth Lev 1,2,3
 6 Program Up/Download        6 Program Up/Download
 7 MF Users' Group            7 MF Users' Group
 8 MacForth Plus              8 MacForth Plus
 9 Bug Reports/Fixes          9 Bug Reports/Fixes
10 MacForth Tools            10 MacForth Tools
11 CSI Hardware              11 CSI Hardware
12 New Horizons              12 New Horizons


Crosstalk Forum+             CIS:XTALK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 Forum use questions        0 Forum Help           18 The Conference Room
 1 Remote2                    1 Remote2
 2 Transporter                2 DOS Utilities
 3 Crosstalk XVI              3 Crosstalk XVI
 4 Crosstalk Mark 4           4 Crosstalk Mark 4
 7 XTALK Communicator         7 XTALK Communicator
 8 Village Inn                8 Stuff and Nonsense
 9 DCA/QuickApp               9 DCA/QuickApp
10 Crosstalk/Win 1.x         10 Crosstalk/Win 1.x
12 Crosstalk/Win 2.x         11 Windows Utilities
14 Crosstalk/Macintosh       12 Crosstalk/Win 2.x
                             14 Crosstalk/Macintosh


CSNav-Win Support Forum(FREE) CIS:WCSNAVSUP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 0 Suggestions                1 General Information
 1 General Questions          2 FAQ File
 2 Common Solutions           3 Modems/Hardware
 3 Install/Upgrade            4 Problem reports
 4 Hardware/Modems            5 Support Files
 5 Scripts                    6 Member Uploads
 6 Mail
 7 File Cabinet
 8 Scheduler
12 Alternative OS's
15 Sessions


CTOS/Open Forum+             CIS:CTOS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 CTOS General Info          1 CTOS General Info     1 Conference Room 1
 2 CTOS Product Info          2 CTOS Product Info
 3 CTOS Product Tips          3 CTOS Product Tips
 4 CTOS Events                4 CTOS Events
 5 CTOS Documentation         5 CTOS Documentation
 6 CTOS Training              6 CTOS Training
 7 CTOS Marketing News        7 CTOS Marketing News
 8 ShareWare                  8 CTOS Shareware
 9 3rd Party Solutions        9 3rd Party Solutions


Cyber Forum+                 CIS:CYBERFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Info/Business        1 Forum Info/Business   1 Formal Room
 2 Building Realities         2 Building Realities    2 Informal Room
 3 VR Tech Watch              3 VR Tech Watch         3 Informal Room
 4 VR Code Workgroup          4 VR Code Workgroup
 5 Visual CompuServe          5 Visual CompuServe
 6 Virtual Cities             6 Virtual Cities
 7 Gaming/Entertainm't        7 Gaming/Entertainm't
 8 Cyber Arts                 8 Cyber Arts
 9 Nanotech/Robotics          9 Nanotech/Robotics
10 CyberLit/Zines            10 CyberLit/Zines
11 Events/Conferences        11 Events/Conferences
12 News/Products             12 News/Products
13 Art. Life/Intell.         13 Art. Life/Intell.
14 Community Square          14 Community Square
15 Computers & Society       15 Computers & Society


Da Vinci Forum+              CIS:DAVINCI

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Public Meeting Room
 2 Technical Support          2 Technical Info
 3 eMAIL 2.0                  3 eMAIL 2.0
 4 eMAIL 2.5                  4 eMAIL 2.5
 6 eMAIL 1.x                  6 eMAIL 1.x
 7 Names Services             7 Names Services
 8 Assistant                  8 Assistant
 9 MacAccess                  9 MacAccess
10 The Coordinator           10 The Coordinator
11 Demo Feedback             11 Demos
12 Ideas/ Suggestions        12 Utilities
13 CaLANdar                  13 CaLANdar


Data Access Corp. Forum+     CIS:DACCESS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   2 Meeting Room 1
 2 Procedural DataFlex        2 Procedural DataFlex   3 Meeting Room 2
 3 OOP DataFlex               3 DF App Framework      4 Main Hall
 4 DF App. Framework          4 OOP Extensions
 5 DataFlex 4 Unix/OS2        5 DataFlex 4 Unix/OS2
 6 FlexQL/WinQL               6 FlexQL/WinQL
 7 Classify                   7 OOP DataFlex
 8 Job Search                 8 Classify
 9 DataFlex 4 Windows         9 Job Search
10 Third Party               10 Third Party
11 Client/Server             11 DataFlex 4 Windows
13 API-Based Products        13 API-Based Products
17 DISD Public Forum


Data Based Advisor Forum+    CIS:DBADVISOR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 News & General Info        1 News & General Info   1 Public Discussion
 2 Database Products          2 Database Products     2 Special Events
 3 Xbase Products             3 Xbase Products        3 Village Inn
 5 Client/Server & SQL        5 Client/Server & SQL
 6 Libs, Addons, Tools        6 Libs, Addons, Tools
 7 Database OOP, C/C++        7 Database OOP, C/C++
 8 Database Applicatns        8 Database Applicatns
 9 Networks & Hardware        9 Networks & Hardware
10 Consulting Business       10 Consulting Business
11 CASE & Software Eng       11 CASE & Software Eng
12 Press Releases            12 Press Releases
13 Data Based Advisor        13 DBA Source Code
14 Access Advisor Mag        14 MS Access
15 Clipper Advisor Mag       15 CA-Clipper
16 FoxPro Advisor Mag        16 MS FoxPro
17 None of the Above!        17 None of the Above!


DataEase International Forum+ CIS:DATAEASE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 DataEase DQL               1 Info Bank & News      1 The Dallas Room
 2 DE for DOS & OS/2          2 DE for DOS & OS/2
 3 Express for Windows        3 DE for Windows
 4 Client-Server              4 3rd Party Add-Ons
 5 3rd Party Add-Ons          5 User Groups
 6 User Groups
 7 Open Talk


DATASTORM Forum+             CIS:DATASTORM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 News/General Info          1 News/General Info     2 Break Room
 2 Wish List                  2 DOS/Comm Utilities    3 Tech's Lounge
 3 PCPLUS 2.x (DOS)           3 PCPLUS 2.x (DOS)      4 Test Cube
 4 ProComm 2.4.x              4 ProComm 2.4.x
 5 Network Products           5 Network Products
 6 Other DS Products          6 Other DS Products
 7 ASPECT for DOS             7 ASPECT for DOS
 8 PCPLUS 1.x (DOS)           8 PCPLUS 1.x (DOS)
 9 PC+/Windows                9 PC+/Windows
10 Windows ASPECT            10 Windows ASPECT


DBMS Magazine Forum+         CIS:DBMSFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 To the Sysops              0 To the Editors        1 CO Room 1
 1 Client/Servers             1 Client/Server Apps.
 2 Front Ends/Tools           2 Front Ends/Tools
 3 Database Servers           3 Database Servers
 4 Networking                 4 Networking
 5 Force                      5 Force
 6 OOP and OODB's             6 OOP Topics
 7 Xbase/Dbase                7 Xbase/Dbase
 8 Paradox                    8 Paradox
 9 Macintosh DBMS's           9 DBMS's for the Mac
10 DBMS Design/CASE          10 DB Design/CASE
11 SQL Roundtable            11 SQL Files
12 About DBMS                12 DBMS Listings
13 Random Fields             13 Featured Files
14 Unix                      14 Shareware/Freeware
16 Database Theory           15 Unix


DEC PC Forum+                CIS:DECPC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Info/Help          1 General Info/Help     1 The Community Squar
 2 Communications             2 Communications        2 Get Away From It Al
 3 Kitchen Table              3 New Uploads           3 My First Conference
 4 Utilities                  4 Utilities
 5 Applications               5 Applications
 6 Graphics                   6 Graphics
 7 Robins & DECmates          7 Robins & DECmates
 8 PC Compatibility           8 PC Compatibility
 9 Hardware                   9 Hardware
10 Entertainment             10 Entertainment
11 Editors/Word Proc's       11 Editors/Word Proc's
12 DECstation/VAXmate        12 DECstation/VAXmate
13 News & Reviews            13 News & Reviews
14 Programming               14 Programming
15 The "Classifieds"         15 The "Archives"
16 DECpc Software            16 DECpc Intel systems
17 DECpc Hardware            17 DECpc AXP systems


DECPCI Forum+                CIS:DECPCI

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 News/General Info          1 Product Info/SPDs     1 Weekly Discussion
 2 PW for DOS                 2 Master List           2 Off-line Chat #1
 3 PW for VMS                 3 PW Tech Tips          3 Off-line Chat #2
 4 PW for Macintosh           4 PW Clients
 5 PW for OS/2                5 PW Servers
 6 PW for Ultrix              6 Teamlinks/Apps
 7 NetWare Coexistence        7 DECpc pers comps
 8 Network Controllers        8 LAN Controllers
 9 Teamlinks/Apps             9 DEC Unsupported
10 Programming Issues        10 Member Uploads
11 Unsupported Utils         11 WIN NT/Alpha Dev
12 DECpc pers comps
13 Soapbox
14 DECwindow/eXcursion
15 WIN NT/ALPHA DEV
16 ACA/ObjectBroker


Dell Forum+                  CIS:DELL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Discussions        1 General Information   1 The Rio Grande Room
 2 Portable Systems           2 Flash BIOS Upgrades   2 The Brazos Room
 3 286/386 Systems            3 BIOS Release Notes
 4 486 Systems                4 Video Drivers
 5 Pentium Systems            5 Disk Images
 6 Video & Monitors           6 System Utilities
 7 Telecommunications         7 Miscellaneous Files
 8 Operating Systems          8 Product Information
 9 Customer Service           9 Press Releases
10 Sales Questions           10 TechFAX Online
11 International             11 Beta/3rdPty Drivers
12 United Kingdom            12 User Uploads
13 Canada
17 Announcements


Delrina Technology Forum+    CIS:DELRINA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 PerFORM PRO           1 Conferernce Room 1
 2 PerFORM PRO                2 PerFORM 2.1
 3 PerFORM 2.1                3 WINFAX PRO
 4 WINFAX PRO                 4 DOSFAX PRO
 5 DOSFAX PRO                 5 Consumer Division
 6 Consumer Division          6 Delrina FormFlow
 7 Delrina FormFlow           8 Delrina WinComm PRO
 9 Delrina WinComm PRO        9 WinFax PRO Networks
10 WinFax PRO Networks       10 Fax for Macintosh
11 Fax for Macintosh


Democratic Forum+            CIS:DEMOCRATS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 GENERAL                    1 WHAT'S UP?            1 THE FRONT PORCH
 2 THE ECONOMY                2 HOT OFF THE PRESSES   2 ECONOMY
 3 HEALTH CARE                3 PRESIDENTIAL RAP
 4 POLITICAL REFORM           4 ELECTION WATCH
 5 GUNS AND CRIME             5 DATES TO REMEMBER
 6 REINVENTING GOVT.          6 PARTY PARTY PARTY
 7 POLITICS ONLINE            7 ISSUES AND ANSWERS
 8 EDUCATION                  8 HEALTH CARE REFORM
 9 ENVIRONMENT                9 THE FEDERAL BUDGET
10 CIVIL RIGHTS              10 REINVENTING GOVT
11 WELFARE                   11 ON THE INFO HIGHWAY
12 WHAT'S A DEMOCRAT?        12 MEMBERS' CORNER
13 FOREIGN AFFAIRS
14 WOMEN'S ISSUES


Desktop Publishing Forum+    CIS:DTPFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 The Corner Pub             1 Forum Transcripts     1 Informal Discussion
 2 Using Macs for DTP         2 EPS Clip Art          2 Formal Conferences
 3 DOS & Windows DTP          3 TIFF Clip Art         5 AICA Member CO
 4 Automating DTP             4 Other Clip Art        6 AISB Room
 5 Hi-Res & Srvc Bur's        5 Mac DTP Utilities
 6 Scanners & Gizmos          6 PC DTP Utilities
 7 Output Devices             7 Samples & Templates
 8 SOS--Need Help NOW!        8 Mac Fonts
 9 Making Money w/DTP         9 PC Fonts
10 Layout/Art/Design         10 Mac Screen Fonts
11 Working With Words        11 PC Screen Fonts
12 Type & Typography         12 Program Demos
13 Printing & Prepress       13 Design & Writing
14 Living w/ Mac & PC        14 Srvc Bureau Utils
15 Classified Ads            15 DTP Marketing
16 Newsletters               16 Magazine Articles
17 Forum News & Views        17 News Releases


Detroit Free Press Forum+    CIS:DETROIT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 News Conference
 2 Automobile Industry        2 Auto Industry Files   2 Play-By-Play Cafe
 3 Body And Mind              3 Body And Mind         3 Features Conference
 4 Business News              4 Business News         4 Auto Conference
 5 Columnists Row             5 Car Photography       6 G7 ECONOMIC MEETING
 6 Detroit Metro News         6 Detroit Metro News
 7 Disabled in Detroit        7 Computing
 8 Entertainment              8 Entertainment
 9 Computing                  9 Sports Photography
10 Michigan News             10 Michigan/USA/World
11 Michigan Sports           11 Sports
12 Lifestyle Issues          12 "How To" Articles
13 Top Editors               13 Photo Gallery
14 Detroit Expatriates       14 The Way We Live
15 Photography/Design        15 Cartoons & Graphics
16 G7 ECONOMIC MEETING       16 Your Contributions
17 Nation/World              17 G7 ECONOMIC MEETING


Deutsches Computer Forum+    CIS:GERNET

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 GerNet Pub                 1 Allgemeines           1 CO Room 1
 2 Politik/Wirtschaft         2 Politik/Wirtschaft
 3 Gesundheit/Soziales        3 Gesundheit/Soziales
 4 Presse & Medien            4 Presse & Medien
 5 Telekommunikation          5 Telekommunikation
 6 Multimedia & Midi          6 Multimedia & Midi
 7 Macintosh                  7 Macintosh
 8 Computer-Corner            8 Computer-Corner
 9 Religion & Leben           9 ct-Listingarchiv
10 Sprache & Kultur          10 Spiele
11 Sport/Auto/Reisen         11 Sport/Auto/Reisen
12 Suche & Biete             12 DATEX-J
13 DATEX-J                   13 GIF-Gallery
14 Rechtsfragen              14 User-Gallery
15 New Uploads               15 INFOLINE
16 Job & Business            16 CeBIT 94


Developer Relations Forum+   CIS:MSDR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Non-Tech Info              1 General/Dev Service   1 Public Discussion
 2 Strategic Issues           2 Strategic Issues


Diabetes Forum+              CIS:DIABETES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 1 General Informatn   1 General Discussion
 2 Beginners' Topics          2 2 Beginners' Topics   2 Slimmers
 3 Friends & Family           3 3 Friends & Family    3 Informal Seminars
 4 Hypoglycemia               4 4 Hypoglycemia        4 Trivia
 5 Insulin                    5 5 Insulin             5 Formal Conference
 6 Oral Medications           6 6 Oral Medications    6 TCW & Not Diabetes
 7 Diet & Exercise            7 7 Diet & Exercise
 8 Complications              8 8 Complications
 9 Paraphernalia              9 9 Paraphernalia
10 Hot Topics                10 10 Hot Topics
11 Tech & Theoretical        11 11 Tech&Theoretical
12 Pregnancy & Sex           12 12 Pregnancy & Sex
13 Not Diabetes              14 NOT DM Share/Carewr
14 Really Truly NOT DM       15 15 DM Politics
15 DM Politics               16 16 Ask the Doc
16 Ask the Doc               17 YOUTH
17 YOUTH


DiagSoft Forum+              CIS:DIAGSOFT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   2 General Information
 2 Customer Support           2 Customer support
 3 QAPlus                     3 QAPlus
 4 QAPlus/FE                  4 QAPlus/FE
 7 Peace Of Mind              7 Peace of Mind
 8 QAPlus/Win                 8 QAPlus/Win


Digitalk Forum+              CIS:DIGITALK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Digitalk News              1 Digitalk News         1 CO Room 1
 2 Sales/Service/Info         2 Product Info          2 CO Room 2
 3 Wish List                  3 User Contributions    3 CO Room 3
 4 Third Party                4 3rd Party Info        4 CO Room 4
 5 Tech Discussions           5 Support               5 CO Room 5
 6 Bug Reporting              6 Misc.
 7 Beginning Smalltalk
 8 Support - PARTS
 9 Support - VWIN
10 Support - VOS2
11 Support - VMAC
12 Support - TEAM/V
13 Support - other
14 Misc.


Dinosaur Forum+              CIS:DINO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 GENERAL Paleo              1 General               1 Thursday CHAT RM 1
 2 MEDIA/Entertainment        2 Entertainment         2 "LIVE" Hosts  RM 2
 3 GRAPHICS/Artists           3 Graphics/Artists
 4 Dinosaur SCIENCE           4 Dinosaur Science
 5 Dino CONTROVERSY?          5 Ask the Pros
 6 News/Discoveries           6 News/Discoveries
 7 Publications               7 Publications
 8 Field Reports              8 Field Reports
 9 Museum Reports             9 Museum Reports
10 Dinosaur HUMOR <G>        10 Dinosaur Humor
11 "OverBurden"/OPEN         11 Essay Contest


Disabilities Forum+          CIS:DISABILITIES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Develop. Disabil.          1 Develop. Disabil.     1 Develop. Disabil.
 2 Emotional Disturb.         2 Emotional Disturb.    2 Emotional Disturb.
 3 Deaf/Hard of Hear.         3 Deaf/Hard of Hear.    3 Hearing Impairments
 4 Learning Disabil.          4 Learning Disabil.     4 Learning Disabil.
 5 Vision Impairments         5 Vision Impairments    5 Visual Impairments
 6 Mobility Impaired          6 Mobility Impaired     6 Mobility Impair.
 7 Rights/Legislation         7 Rights/Legislation    7 Rights/Legislation
 8 Educa./Employ.             8 Educa./Employ.        8 Education/Employ.
 9 Family Life/Leisure        9 Family Life/Leisure   9 Family Life/Leisure
10 General Interest          10 General Interest     10 General Interest
11 Multiple Sclerosis        11 Multiple Sclerosis   11 Multiple Sclerosis


DOS CIM Support Forum(FREE)  CIS:CIMSUPPORT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 General Questions          1 General Information
 2 Common Solutions           2 Support Files
 3 Install/Upgrade            3 User Contributions
 4 Modems/Hardware            4 V1.X Specific Files
 5 Forums                     5 Printer Help Files
 6 Mail                       6 Network Help Files
 7 Filing Cabinet
 8 Printing
 9 Online Services
10 Terminal Emulation
11 Networks
12 V1.X Specific
14 French DOSCIM
15 German DOSCIM
16 European Support
17 Suggestions


Download & Support Forum+    ZMC:DOWNTECH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New Files & Updates        0 New Uploads           1 Conference A
 1 Zmac Questions             1 Applications          2 Conference B
 2 Mac Tech Questions         2 DAs
 3 Panic Button               3 Extensions
 4 Consumer Guide             4 Fonts/QuickTime/Art
 5 D&S Contest                5 Programming/Scripts
12 Test Software              6 HyperCard
                              7 Reference
                              8 Anti-Viral Tools
                              9 ZMac Exclusives
                             10 TechSupport Threads
                             11 Press Releases
                             12 MacHack Files
                             13 Demos & Updaters
                             14 Apple Software
                             16 Newton


Dr. Dobb's Forum+            CIS:DDJFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General/DDJ office         0 DDJ Listings          1 General/DDJ office
 1 C Column                   1 C Listings
 2 O/S issues                 2 Communications
 3 Undocumented Corner        3 Undocumented Corner
 4 Rambling                   4 OS/2
 5 C++ Study Group            5 User Contributions
 6 Forth                      6 Forth
 7 AI-Issues\Languages        7 AI Issues
 8 OOP'S                      8 Unix
 9 UNIX                       9 Macintosh
10 Genetic Algorithms        10 C Issue
11 New Programmer's          11 Index to DDJ
12 Rambling                  13 386 Protected Mode
13 Programming Paradgm


Dr. Neuhaus Forum+           CIS:NHDFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Netzwerke                  3 FURY Tools            1 Allg. Diskussionen
 2 Kommunikationsprog.
 3 FAXY
 4 Modem und ISDN
 5 Allgemeines


DTP Vendors Forum+           CIS:DTPVENDOR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General DTP Topics         1 Forum General         1 The Back Room
 2 Timeworks                  2 Timeworks             2 Formal Conferences
 3 QMS, Inc.                  3 QMS, Inc.            10 Vendor User Groups
 4 FontBank                   4 FontBank
 5 Sigma Designs              5 Sigma Designs
 6 CAI ColorAge               6 CAI ColorAge
 7 Hyphen                     7 Hyphen
 8 XChange                   10 Graphic Comm. Assn.
 9 Scitex/SGAUA              11 DTP OnLine
10 Graphic Comm. Assn.       12 Frame Technology
11 DTP OnLine                13 Bitstream
12 Frame Technology          14 EFI Support
13 Bitstream                 15 Monotype
14 EFI Support
15 Monotype
17 AISB Member Section


DTP Vendor B Forum+          CIS:DTPBVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum General              1 Forum General         1 The Back Room
 2 Agfa                       2 Agfa                  2 Formal Conferences
 4 TRUMATCH                   4 TRUMATCH
 5 Casady & Greene            5 Casady & Greene
 6 PagePlus                   6 PagePlus
 7 TeleTypesetting            7 TeleTypesetting
 8 Caere Corp.                8 Caere Corp.
10 Vendor User Groups        10 Vendor User Groups


Dvorak Development Forum+    CIS:DVORAK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Non-Tech Service           1 NavCIS Software       1 NavCIS Conference
 2 Windows SE/TE help         2 Windows SE/TE help
 3 DOS SE / TE help           3 DOS SE / TE help
 4 Windows Pro help           4 Windows Pro help
 5 DOS Pro help               5 DOS Pro help
 6 International              6 Int'l - Scripts
 7 Modems & Hardware          7 Modems & Hardware
 8 Suggestions                8 Suggestions
 9 Tips & Techniques          9 Tips & Techniques
10 Ten-Forward               10 Ten-Forward
11 Uploads to Dvorak         11 Uploads to Dvorak


Earth Forum+                 CIS:EARTH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    0 Earth Graphics/GIFs   1 Conference Earth
 2 Air/Climate                1 General               2 EnviroLeague
 3 Water                      2 Air and Climate
 4 Lands & Forests            3 Water
 5 Wetlands                   4 Lands & Forests
 6 Recycle                    5 Wetlands
 7 Wildlife                   6 Recycle
 8 Energy                     7 Wildlife
 9 Population                 8 Energy
10 Professional Corner        9 Population
11 Wastes/Toxics             10 Professional Corner
12 Eco Philosophy            11 Wastes/Toxics
13 CIS/Computers             12 Eco Philosophy
14 E-Wire                    13 CIS\Computers
15 EcoNet                    14 E-Wire
16 Animal Rights             15 EcoNet
17 Am. Fisheries Soc.        16 Greenpeace/AR
                             17 Am. Fisheries Soc.


ECTF Forum+                  CIS:ECTF

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 TALKLINE                   1 RESOURCE PACK         3 GENERAL ROOM
 2 START HERE                 2 TOOLBOX               4 RACE ROOM
 3 BUSINESS ISSUES            3 BUSINESS ISSUES       5 ECTF ROOM
 4 PRODUCTS/TECHNOLOGY        4 PRODUCTS/TECHNOLOGY
 5 PEOPLE/SOCIETY             5 PEOPLE/SOCIETY
 6 MARKETING                  6 MARKETING
 7 EVENTS/PROJECTS            7 EVENTS/PROJECTS
 8 RACE-GENERAL               8 RACE NEWS
 9 IBC FORUM                  9 IBC FORUM
10 MOBILE COMMS              10 MOBILE COMMS
11 IMAGE COMMS               11 IMAGE COMMS
12 INFO SECURITY             12 INFO SECURITY
13 ADVANCED EXPTS            13 ADVANCED EXPTS.
14 INTERWORKING              14 INTERWORKING
15 IN                        15 IN
16 INTEGRATED SERVICES       16 INTEGRATED SERVICES
17 IBC R&D                   17 IBC R&D


Education Forum+             CIS:EDFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Intros/News        1 New Uploads/Help      1 Conferences
 2 Ed Shareware Coop          2 Software To Go        2 Chit Chat
 3 Edtech/Multimedia          3 Edtech/Multimedia     3 ABA
 4 Sp Ed/Gifted/LD/ADD        4 Sp Ed/Gifted/LD/ADD   4 Staff
 5 ACCESS ERIC                5 ACCESS ERIC           5 Homeschoolers
 6 Child Dev/Parenting        6 Child Dev/Parenting
 7 Library Media Ctrs         7 Library Media Ctrs
 8 Reforms/Future Talk        8 Reforms/Future Talk
 9 ISTE Course                9 ISTE Course
10 Reading/Math K-6          10 Reading/Math K-6
11 SchoolNET/Online Ed       11 SchoolNET/Online Ed
12 Teacher to Teacher        12 Teacher to Teacher
13 Behavior Analysis         13 Behavior Analysis
14 English/SocSci/ARTS       14 English/SocSci/ARTS
15 Guidance & Testing        15 Guidance & Testing
16 Home/Alternative Ed       16 Home/Alternative Ed
17 Higher Education          17 Higher Education


Educational Res. Forum+      CIS:EDRESEARCH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 Miscellaneous/HELP         0 Miscellaneous/HELP    1 A-Admin/Ed finance
 1 A-Admin/Ed finance         1 A-Admin/Ed finance    2 B-Curric. Studies
 2 B-Curric. Studies          2 B-Curric. Studies     3 C-Learning/Instruc
 3 C-Learning/Instruc         3 C-Learning/Instruc    4 D-Measure/Methods
 4 D-Measure/Methods          4 D-Measure/Methods     5 E-Couns/Development
 5 E-Couns/Development        5 E-Couns/Development   6 F-History
 6 F-History                  6 F-History             8 H-School Eval/Dev.
 7 G-Social                   7 G-Social              9 I-Ed.in Professions
 8 H-School Eval/Dev.         8 H-School Eval/Dev.   10 J-Postsec./Distance
 9 I-Ed.in Professions        9 I-Ed.in Professions  11 K-Teacher Education
10 J-Postsec./Distance       10 J-Postsec./Distance  13 Govt. liaison
11 K-Teacher Education       11 K-Teacher Education  14 Employment Ads
12 Virtual Reality           12 Virtual Reality      15 Early Childhood
13 Govt. liaison             13 Govt. Liaison        16 Special Education
14 Employment Ads            14 Employment Ads       17 Miscellaneous
15 Early Childhood           15 Early Childhood
16 Special Education         16 Special Education


EETnet Engineering Forum+    EET:ENGINEERING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Help & News          1 Utilities             1 Co. Room 1
 2 Power                      2 Memorable Threads
 3 RF                         3 General Information
 4 Software Tools             4 EE Tools & Software
 5 ASIC & Gate Array          5 Digital,Logic & DSP
 6 Micros and Systems         6 Micros,System,Nets
 7 Telecom                    7 General Software
 8 DSP                        8 Emerging Technology
 9 Analog Circuits            9 Analog,RF,Sig.Proc.
10 Other Circuits            11 The Back Page
11 The Water Fountain        12 People Networks
12 People Network/Jobs
13 Looking for...
14 Guest/Design Ideas
16 Patents,(C),TM,...


EETnet International Forum+  EET:INTFRM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Help & News          1 Help & News           1 Public Discussion
 2 Japan / Asia               2 Japan / Asia          2 Team EETnet / IW
 3 Europe / UK / EU           3 Europe / UK / EU
 4 International              4 International
 7 Job Opportunities          7 Resume File
 9 General Engineering        9 General Engineering
10 Duty-Free Club            10 Duty-Free Club
11 The Profession            11 The Profession
12 Immortal Works            12 Immortal Works


EETnet Standards Forum+      EET:STDFRM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Help & News          1 Forum Help & News     1 Conf Rm #1
 2 Parallel Bus Stds          2 Parallel Bus Stds     2 Known Good Die
 3 PREPtalk                   3 PREPtalk              3 PCInternet Public
 4 Known Good Die             4 Known Good Die        4 PREP Committee
 6 ISO9000                    6 ISO9000               5 Conf Rm #5
 7 Fiber Optic Ntwrk          7 Fiber Optic Ntwrk
 8 Other Standards            8 Other Standards
11 Take Five                 13 Other Quality Stds
13 Other Quality Stds


Eicon Technology Forum+      CIS:EICON

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 PR/Announcements           1 PR/Announcements      1 Conference Room 1
 2 Emulations                 2 Emulations
 3 Gateways                   3 Gateways
 4 Routers                    4 Routers
 5 Toolkits                   5 Toolkits
 7 Around the World           7 Around the World
                              8 Miscellaneous
                              9 Software Prod. Dir.
                             11 Specials
                             12 International
                             14 WAN Services


Electronic Frontier Foundation+ CIS:EFFSIG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 EFF News (main)            1 General Information   1 Cafe EFF
 2 Online                     2 Now Online @ EFF      2 Views and Visions
 3 The Matrix                 3 The Frontier Files    3 Members' Lounge
 4 Cyberlaw                   4 Cyberlaw
 5 NetTech                    5 Zines from the Net
 6 Networlds                  6 Beginning Internet
 7 Software                   7 Internet News
 8 Hardware                   8 Maps & Guides
 9 Wetware                    9 Magazine Info
10 FutureNets                10 Reserved
11 Clipper/Skipjack          11 Advanced Internet
12 TechnoRisks               12 Life in Cyberspace
13 Media Watch               13 The Matrix Papers
14 Maps & Guides             14 Archives of the EFF
15 Homesteading              15 Comm. Tools & Info
16 Beginner's Mind
17 Pointers


Electronics Vendor Forum+    CIS:CEVENDOR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Pioneer Electronics        2 Pioneer Electronics
 3 Harman Video               3 Harman Video
 4 Fosgate Audionics          4 Fosgate Audionics
 5 NHT                        5 NHT
 8 EIA Public                 8 EIA Public
 9 Videonics                  9 Videonics
10 Lexicon                   10 Lexicon
17 Community Square          17 Community Square


ELSA GmbH Forum+             CIS:ELSA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 ELSA allgemein             1 ELSA allgemein        1 CAFE Bernstein
 2 MicroLink ISDN             2 MicroLink ISDN
 3 MicroLink Modems           3 MicroLink Modems
 4 Software Modems            4 Software Modems
 5 WINNER 1000/2000           5 WINNER 1000/2000
 6 WINNER 1024/1280           6 WINNER 1024/1280
 7 GEMINI                     7 GEMINI
 8 XHR Alpha/Spectra          8 XHR Alpha/Spectra
 9 ELSAware Grafik            9 ELSAware Grafik
10 Monitore


Engineering Automation Forum+ CIS:LEAP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 Conference Room 1
 2 Manufacturing              2 Manufacturing         2 Conference Room 2
 3 Management                 3 Management            3 Conference Room 3
 4 Process Control            4 Process Control
 5 CADD/CAM/CAE               5 CADD/CAM, 3rd Party
 6 Connectivity               6 Productivity Progs
 7 Advanced Technology        7 Utility Programs
 8 Computer Hardware          8 Hardware/Drivers
 9 Classifieds                9 Classifieds/Jobs
10 Construction              10 Construction
11 Architecture              11 Architecture
12 CSI                       12 CSI
13 Mindless Drivel           13 Mindless Drivel
14 NCGA CAD Society          14 NCGA CAD Society


Entertainment Drive Forum+   CIS:EDRIVE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 The Backlot/General        1 Backlot/Programs      1 The Backlot LIVE
 2 Network Boulevard          2 Network Boulevard     2 Silver Screen Bar
 3 CBS                        3 CBS                   3 Television Parlor
 4 WB/Paramount/MGM           4 WB/Paramount/MGM      4 CourtTV Room
 5 Studio City                5 Studio City           5 The Disney Room
 6 Disney                     6 Disney                6 Fans of E!
 7 E! & Cable Avenue          7 E! & Cable Avenue     7 New Technology
 8 Court TV                   8 Court TV              8 Jazz Bar
 9 New Line/Indie Film        9 New Line/Indie Film   9 Sardi's
10 Blue Note & Music         10 Blue Note & Music    10 The Grammy Room
11 Theatre/Concerts          11 Theatre/Concerts     11 New Members Lounge
12 Soaps, Talk, & Ads        12 Soaps, Talk & Ads    12 Industry Canteen
13 Beck/Smith's H'wood       13 Beck/Smith's H'wood  13 International Drive
14 Columns/Shout Out!        14 Columns/Shout Out!   14 Planet Hollywood
15 STARSTRUCK & Stars        15 STARSTRUCK! & GIFS   15 Rooftop Cafe
16 Multimdia/Microsoft       16 Multimdia/Microsoft
17 International Drive       17 Utilities


Entrepreneur's Forum+        CIS:USEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General Information        0 General Information   1 General Information
 1 Hot Opportunities          1 Hot Opportunities     2 Hot Opportunities
 2 International Trade        2 International Trade   3 International Trade
 3 Business Start-Up          3 Business Start-Up     4 Business Start-Up
 4 Marketing Workshop         4 Marketing Workshop    5 Marketing Workshop
 5 Finance                    5 Finance               6 Finance
 6 Business Resources         6 Business Resources    7 Business Resources
 7 Manage Your Biz            7 Manage Your Biz       8 Manage Your Biz
 8 Business Planning          8 Business Planning     9 Network Marketing
 9 Network Marketing          9 Network Marketing    10 Business Software
10 Business Software         10 Business Software    11 Franchising
11 Franchising               11 Franchising
13 Homebased Business        13 Homebased Business


Epic MegaGames Forum+        CIS:EPICFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Epic HOT Games             1 Epic HOT Games        1 Epic Conference
 2 Epic Classics              2 Epic Classics
 3 Hints & Tips               3 Hints & Cheats
 4 Game of the Month          4 Useful Utilities
 5 Talk to the Authors        5 Game Screens & Info


Epson Forum+                 CIS:EPSON

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 News/General Info          1 New Uploads/Info      1 Member Conf. Room 1
 2 Impact Printers            2 Impact Printers
 3 Inkjet Printers            3 Inkjet Printers
 4 Laser Printers             4 Laser Printers
 5 Image Scanners             5 Image Scanners
 6 International              6 Printer Drivers
 7 Computers - DOS            7 Computers - DOS
 8 Laptops/Notebooks          8 Laptops/Notebooks
 9 PX/HX Products             9 PX/HX Products
10 QX-10/QX-16/CPM           10 QX-10/QX-16/CPM
11 Accessories/Suppl.        11 Accessories/Suppl.
12 Other Products            12 Other Products
13 Town Square               13 Applications/Utils


European Forum+              CIS:EURFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               4 adrian's room
 2 Technical Questions        2 Utilities
 3 European Questions         3 American Software
 4 European Software          4 European Software
 5 Communications             5 Communications
 6 Italian Section            6 Italian matters
 7 Forum Help                 7 Help Files
 8 A propos de ...            8 Classifieds
 9 Entertainment              9 Entertainment
10 French Section            10 French matters
11 Spanish Section           11 Spanish matters
12 Nordic Section            12 Nordic Library
13 Opportunities             13 Opportunities
15 Xbase Europe              15 Xbase Europe
16 Eastern Europe            16 Eastern Europe


Family Handyman Forum+       CIS:HANDYMAN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Ask Your Forum             1 Forum Info            1 Conference Room
 2 Home Repairs               2 Home Repairs
 3 Using/Buying Tools         3 Using/Buying Tools
 4 Appliance Repair           4 Remodeling
 5 Remodeling                 5 New Products
 6 Woodworking                6 Woodworking
 7 Heating & Cooling          7 Decks & Patios
 8 Old Houses                 8 Elect. & Plumbing
 9 Plumbing and Elect.        9 Old Houses
10 Paint & Wallpaper         10 Heating & Cooling
11 Computers & Houses        12 For Professionals
12 For Professionals         13 Computers & Houses
13 Talk To TFH               14 Handy Hints & Tips
14 A Handyman's Life         15 Misc.
15 Misc.


Fed. Of Int'l Distributors+  CIS:FEDERATION

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 "Stuff..."                 1 "Stuff..."            1 FID Conference Room
 2 Hot Topics                 2 Hot Topics
 3 Upcoming Events            3 Upcoming Events
 4 Int'l Issues               4 Int'l Issues
 5 Publications               5 Publications
 6 Job Bank                   6 Job Bank
 7 Country Info               7 Country Info
 8 Fed Membership             8 Fed Membership
 9 IMC Membership             9 IMC Membership
10 Q & A                     10 Q & A


Fine Arts Forum+             CIS:FINEARTS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 On Fine Art                1 New Images            2 Public Discussion
 2 Old Masters                2 Old Masters           3 Meet & Yak!
 3 Dallas Museum              3 Dallas Museum
 5 Gunni Nilsson Price        5 Gunni Nilsson Price
 6 Jess Hager                 6 Jess Hager
 7 Jean Ravinski              7 Jean Ravinski
 8 Carl Lundgren              8 Carl Lundgren
 9 Charlotte Whitney          9 Charlotte Whitney
10 David O. Stillings        10 David O. Stillings
11 Mitchell Kolbe            11 Mitchell Kolbe
12 Roberta Laidman           12 Roberta Laidman
13 Barb/John Stewart         13 Barb/John Stewart
14 Kunstdruckhandel          14 Kunstdruckhandel
15 Joe Bergeron              15 Joe Bergeron
16 Lawrence Lee              16 Lawrence Lee


Flight Simulation Forum+     CIS:FSFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 FS/General Aviation        2 FS/General Aviation   2 FS/General Aviation
 3 Air Transport              3 Air Transport         3 Air Transport
 4 Air Traffic Control        4 Air Traffic Control   4 Air Traffic Control
 5 Aircraft/Adventures        5 Aircraft/Adventures   5 Aircraft/Adventures
 6 Scenery Design             6 Scenery Design        6 Scenery Design
 7 Historic Air Combat        7 Historic Air Combat   7 Historic Air Combat
 8 Modern Air Combat          8 Modern Air Combat     8 Modern Air Combat
 9 Space Combat               9 Space Combat          9 Space Combat
10 Other Flight Sims         10 Other Flight Sims    10 Other Flight Sims
11 Flight Instruction        11 Flight Instruction   11 Flight Instruction
13 Hardware                  13 Hardware             13 Hardware
14 Fly-Ins & Rallies         14 Fly-Ins & Rallies    14 Fly-Ins & Rallies
15 MicroWINGS                15 MicroWINGS           15 MicroWINGS
16 Hangar Talk               16 Hangar Talk          16 Hangar Talk


Florida Forum+               CIS:FLORIDA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Help & General             1 Help & General        1 General
 2 Northeast                  2 Northeast             6 Native Chatter
 3 Northwest                  3 Northwest            13 Disneymania
 4 East Central               4 East Central
 5 Orlando Central            5 Orlando Central
 6 West Central               6 West Central
 7 Southeast                  7 Southeast
 8 Ft. Lauderdale             8 Ft. Lauderdale
 9 Tampa/St Pete              9 Tampa/St Pete
10 Southwest                 10 Southwest
11 The Soapbox               11 The Soapbox
12 Florida Ramblings         12 Florida Ramblings
13 Disneymania               13 DisneyMania
14 Graphics Gallery          14 Graphics Gallery
15 Collector's Corner        15 Collectors Corner
16 Recreation                16 Recreation
17 Handicap Traveling        17 Handicap Traveling


Florida Today Forum+         CIS:FLATODAY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Space                      1 Space                 1 Conference Room 1
 2 Leisure and Tourism        2 Leisure and Tourism
 3 Money/Real Estate          3 Money/Real Estate
 4 Florida Sports             4 Florida Sports
 5 Florida Gardening          5 Florida Gardening
 6 Environment                6 Environment
 7 Florida Outdoors           7 Florida Outdoors
 8 Weather                    8 Weather
 9 Seniors/Snowbirds          9 Seniors/Snowbirds
10 Family Life               10 Family Life
11 Health and Fitness        11 Health and Fitness
12 Florida Politics          12 Florida Politics
13 Florida Education         13 Florida Education
14 Feedback                  14 Feedback
15 Front Page Lounge         15 Front Page Lounge


FocServices Forum+           CIS:FOCSERVICES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Northeast Region           1 Northeast Region
 2 Southeast Region           2 Southeast Region
 3 Southwest Region           3 Southwest Region
 4 Midwest   Region           4 Midwest   Region
 5 Western   Region           5 Western   Region
 6 Canada                     6 Canada
 7 Education & TopGun         7 Education & TopGun
 8 System Journal             8 System Journal
 9 FOCUS Flash                9 FOCUS Flash
10 International             10 International
11 Documentation             11 Documentation
12 General Q&A               12 Announcements


FocWizard Forum+             CIS:FOCWIZARD

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Report Preparation         1 Report Preparation
 2 File Maintenance           2 File Maintenance
 3 Database Design            3 Database Design
 4 User Interfaces            4 User Interfaces
 5 Simultaneous Usage         5 Simultaneous Usage
 6 Connectivity               6 Connectivity
 7 FOCUS Interfaces           7 FOCUS Interfaces
 8 LEVEL5                     8 LEVEL5
 9 Weird Things Happen        9 Weird Things Happen
10 EDA                       10 EDA


Foreign Language Forum+      CIS:FLEFO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 Potpourri/Polyglot         0 Potpourri/Polyglot    1 Potpourri/Polyglot
 1 Spanish/Portuguese         1 Spanish/Portuguese    2 Spanish/Portuguese
 2 French                     2 French                3 French
 3 German/Germanic            3 German/Germanic       4 German/Germanic
 4 Latin/Greek                4 Latin/Greek           5 Latin/Greek
 5 Slavic/E. European         5 Slavic/E. European    6 Slavic/E. European
 6 English                    6 English               7 English
 7 East Asian                 7 East Asian            8 East Asian
 8 Esperanto                  8 Esperanto             9 Esperanto
 9 Italian                    9 Italian              10 Italian
10 FL Education              10 FL Education         11 FL Education
11 Translators               11 Translators          12 Translators
12 Computers/Languages       12 Computers/Languages  13 Computers/Languages
13 Resources/Careers         13 Resources/Careers    14 Resources/Careers
14 Semitic/Turkic            14 Semitic/Turkic       15 Semitic/Turkic
15 Others                    15 Others               16 Others
16 Using the Forum           16 Using the Forum      17 Using the Forum


Foundation Classes Forum+    CIS:MSMFC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 2 Beginners Section          1 MS Info and Index     1 Conference Room 1
 3 Database Classes           2 Beginners Library
 4 OLE 2.0 Classes            3 Database Classes
 5 OLE 2.0 Automation         4 OLE 2.0 Classes
 6 VBX Usage                  5 OLE 2.0 Automation
 7 Printing & Graphics        6 VBX Usage
 8 Doc/View/UI                7 Printing & Graphics
 9 DLL & Memory               8 Doc/View/UI
10 Wizards/DDV/DDX            9 DLL & Memory
14 Non-Tech Info             10 Wizards/DDV/DDX
15 Developers Exchange       14 NonTech Cust Serv
                             15 Developers Exchange


Fox Software Forum+          CIS:FOXFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 MS Info/Indexes       1 Public Discussion
 2 Getting Started            2 FP Cross-Platform     2 Convention
 3 DOS/WIN Config/Inst        3 FP Win-Platform
 4 MAC Config/Install         4 FP Win-API/FLLs
 5 Screens/Menus              5 FP DOS-Platform
 6 MAC/WIN Reports/Prt        6 FP DOS API/PLBs
 7 DOS Reports/Print          7 FP MAC-Platform
 8 Language                   8 Mac Externals/XCMDs
 9 Queries/SQL/BROWSE         9 FoxBASE+ DOS/MAC
10 LCK/API/Externals         10 3rd Party Products
11 Project Manager           11 Private
12 OLE/DDE/Interop           12 TBA
13 Networking/ODBC           13 Miscellaneous
14 Convert/X-Platform        14 International
15 FoxBASE+                  15 FoxPro NEW Updates
16 DK/Application Dist       16 FoxPro OLD Updates
17 3rd Party Products        17 Lisa's Library


Fuse Forum+                  CIS:FUSE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Topics               1 Forum/FUSE Info       1 Public Discussion
 2 TABLE Discussions          2 TABLE Library         2 Public Discussion
 3 MODIFY Discussions         3 MODIFY Library        3 Formal Conferences
 4 General FOCUS              4 General FOCUS Lib
 5 Oper Sys/Interfaces        5 Oper Sys/Interfaces
 6 New Releases               6 New Releases
 7 Special Int Groups         7 Special Int Groups
 8 TCC/Enhancements           8 TCC/Enhancements
 9 FUSEviews                  9 FUSEviews
10 Out of Focus              10 Out of Focus
11 PC/FOCUS                  11 PC/FOCUS Lib
12 Hot Topic                 12 Job Postings
13 EDA                       13 EDA
14 PC/FOCUS for Win3x        15 LEVEL5
15 LEVEL5


Game Publishers A Forum+     CIS:GAMAPUB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 Electronic Arts            2 Electronic Arts       2 Electronic Arts
 3 SSI                        3 SSI                   3 SSI
 5 Cyberdreams                5 Cyberdreams           5 Cyberdreams
 7 LucasArts                  7 LucasArts             7 LucasArts
 8 Accolade                   8 Accolade              8 Accolade
 9 subLOGIC                   9 subLOGIC              9 subLOGIC
10 Bethesda Softworks        10 Bethesda Softworks   10 Bethesda Softworks
11 Sierra On-Line            11 Sierra On-Line       11 Sierra On-Line
12 Origin                    12 Origin               12 Origin
14 Merit Software            14 Merit Software       14 Merit Software
15 Three-Sixty Pacific       15 Three-Sixty Pacific  15 Three-Sixty Pacific
16 Other Publishers          16 Other Publishers     16 Other Publishers


Game Publishers B Forum+     CIS:GAMBPUB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 MicroProse                 2 MicroProse            2 MicroProse
 3 Spectrum HoloByte          3 Spectrum HoloByte     3 Spectrum HoloByte
 4 Interplay                  4 Interplay             4 Interplay
 5 MacPlay                    5 MacPlay               5 MacPlay
 6 Disney/Buena Vista         6 Disney/Buena Vista    6 Disney/Buena Vista
 7 Impressions                7 Impressions           7 Impressions
 8 Maxis                      8 Maxis                 8 Maxis
 9 Konami/Ultra               9 Konami/Ultra          9 Konami/Ultra
10 Westwood Studios          10 Westwood Studios     10 Westwood Studios
11 Sir-Tech Software         11 Sir-Tech Software    11 Sir-Tech Software
12 GameTek                   12 GameTek              12 GameTek
13 Activision                13 Activision           13 Activision
14 Access Software           14 Access Software      14 Access Software
16 Mallard Software          16 Mallard Software     16 Mallard Software


Game Publishers C Forum+     CIS:GAMCPUB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 Mindcraft                  2 Mindcraft             2 Mindcraft
 3 Omnitrend                  3 Omnitrend             3 Omnitrend
 4 QQP                        4 QQP                   4 QQP
 5 Masque                     5 Masque                5 Masque
 6 Changeling                 6 Changeling            6 Changeling
 7 Legend                     7 Legend                7 Legend
 8 Intergalactic              8 Intergalactic         8 Intergalactic
 9 Humongous                  9 Humongous             9 Humongous
10 Tsunami Media             10 Tsunami Media        10 Tsunami Media
11 Dynamix                   11 Dynamix              11 Dynamix
12 Cactus Development        12 Cactus Development   12 Cactus Development
13 Avalon Hill               13 Avalon Hill          13 Avalon Hill
15 Diamond Dreams            15 Diamond Dreams       15 Diamond Dreams


Gamers Forum+                CIS:GAMERS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 Adventure Games            2 Adventure Games       2 Adventure Games
 3 War/Strategy Games         3 War/Strategy Games    3 War/Strategy Games
 4 Lost in Hong Kong          4 Lost in Hong Kong     4 Lost in Hong Kong
 6 Multimedia                 6 Multimedia            6 Multimedia
 7 Action/Arcade Games        7 Action/Arcade Games   7 Action/Arcade Games
 8 Cartridge Games            8 Cartridge Games       8 Cartridge Games
 9 Computer RPGs              9 Computer RPGs         9 Computer RPGs
10 Trading Post              10 Trading Post         10 Trading Post
11 Game Design               11 Game Design          11 Game Design
12 *HOT*/Arena               12 *HOT*/Arena          12 *HOT*/Arena
13 Other Games               13 Other Games          13 Other Games
14 Gaming Hardware           14 Gaming Hardware      14 Gaming Hardware
15 Village Inn               15 Village Inn          15 Village Inn
16 Game Magazines            16 Game Magazines       16 Game Magazines


Gardening Forum+             CIS:GARDENING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Help!           1 New Uploads/Help!     1 Scheduled CO Room
 2 Vegetable Gardening        2 Vegetable Gardening   2 Conference Room 2
 3 Flowers/Roses/Bulbs        3 Flowers/Roses/Bulbs
 4 Herbs/Recipes              4 Herbs/Recipes
 5 Fruits/Berries/Nuts        5 Fruits/Berries/Nuts
 6 Ponds/Hydroponics          6 Ponds/Hydroponics
 7 Lndscp/Trees/Bonsai        7 Lndscp/Trees/Bonsai
 8 NGA Youth Project          8 NGA Youth Project
 9 Nature/Ethics/Bees         9 Nature/Ethics/Bees
10 Pests/Diseases            10 Pests/Diseases
11 Tools/Books/Softwre       11 Tools/Books/Softwre
12 Houseplants/Orchids       12 Houseplants/Orchids
13 Seed and Photo Swap       13 Seed and Photo Swap
14 Garden Diary/Survey       14 Garden Diary/Survey
15 Lawns/Groundcovers        15 Lawns/Groundcover
16 Compost/Soil/Fertlz       16 Compost/Soil/Fertlz
17 Over the GardenGate       17 Over the GardenGate


Gateway 2000 Forum+          CIS:GATEWAY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Sales Information          1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Customer Service           2 Price & Configs
 3 Software                   3 Misc. Files
 4 Telecommunications         4 Telecommunications
 5 Monitors & Video           5 Monitors & Video
 6 Motherboards               6 EISA
 8 Networking                 7 Local Bus
 9 Multimedia                 8 Networking
10 Storage Devices            9 Multimedia
11 General Hardware          10 GW2K Announcements
12 Portables                 11 Hardware
13 The Pasture               12 Portables
14 Gateway in Europe         13 Fun Files


Genealogy Forum+             CIS:ROOTS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Hall
 2 U.S. Ancestry              2 New Uploads           2 The Foyer
 3 Canadian Ancestry          3 MS-DOS Software       3 The Hot Tub
 4 Overseas Ancestry          4 Apple Software
 5 Irish/Celtic Herit.        5 Other Software
 6 Societies/Libraries        6 Text Files
 7 Tips & Techniques          7 Surnames & Tafels
 8 Software/Computers         8 Societies & Org's.
 9 Ask the SYSOPs             9 U.S. Gov't Archives
10 History/Heraldry          10 Other Archives
11 The Skeleton Closet       11 Library Exchange
12 Adoption Searches         12 Book Reviews
13 Hot Topic: Roots-4        13 Graphics Files


General Computing Forum+     CIS:GENCOM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 SW Entrepreneurs'          1 SW Entrepreneurs'     1 CO Room 1
 2 ICCP                       2 ICCP
 3 Cust Support Pro's         3 Cust Support Pro's
 4 Logic Works                4 Logic Works
 5 IYM Software Review        5 IYM Software Review
 6 NCSA                       6 NCSA
 7 ACSA                       7 ACSA
 8 DAMA                       8 DAMA


Glamour Graphics Forum+      CIS:GLAMOUR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 New Images                 1 New Images            2 General Conference
 2 General Discussion         2 Last Month's Images
 3 Hall of Fame               3 Hall of Fame
 4 High Fashion               4 High Fashion
 5 Lingerie                   5 Lingerie
 6 Swimsuit                   6 Swimsuit
 7 Business Attire            7 Business Attire
 8 Resort & Sport             8 Resort & Sport
 9 Casual Wear                9 Casual Wear
10 Len Kaltman Online        10 Len Kaltman Online
11 Texas Glamour             11 Texas Glamour
12 R. Stevens Models         12 R. Stevens Models
13 Classic Models            13 Classic Models
14 Imagine That              14 Imagine That


Global Crises Forum+         CIS:CRISIS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Questions          1 General Questions     1 Live Talk
 2 Russia & xUSSR             2 Russia & xUSSR
 3 Global Business            3 Global Business
 4 Global Communicate         4 Global Communicate
 5 Asia/Pacific Rim           5 Asia/Pacific Rim
 6 Europe                     6 Europe
 7 Africa                     7 Africa
 8 The Middle East            8 The Middle East
 9 The Americas               9 The Americas
10 Hotspot: Korea            10 Hotspot: Korea
11 Hotspot: Bosnia           11 HOTSPOT: Bosnia
12 Hotspot: Mexico           12 Hotspot: various
13 Travel/Tourism            13 Travel/Tourism
14 Hotspot: USA              14 Hotspot: USA
15 Rick's Place              15 Rick's Place
16 War Games                 16 War Games
17 Int'l Law & Orgs          17 Int'l Law & Orgs


Graphics Corner Forum+       CIS:CORNER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 New Images                 1 New Images            2 Public Discussion
 2 General Discussion         2 Focus: Space         13 R. Stevens Models
 3 Hall of Fame               3 Hall of Fame         16 Len Kaltman Online
 4 Cars-Boats-Planes          4 Cars-Boats-Planes    17 Classic Models
 5 People & Portraits         5 People & Portraits   18 Family Room
 6 Landscapes                 6 Landscapes
 7 World of Nature            7 World of Nature
 8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi           8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi
 9 Potpourri                  9 Potpourri
10 Space & Astronomy         10 Space & Astronomy
11 Landmarks                 11 Landmarks
12 Logos-Promos-Maps         12 Logos-Promos-Maps
13 R. Stevens Models         13 R. Stevens Models
14 Body Beautiful            14 Body Beautiful
15 Plain Brown Wrapper       15 Plain Brown Wrapper
16 Len Kaltman Online        16 Len Kaltman Online
17 Classic Models            17 Classic Models


Graphics Developers Forum+   CIS:GRAPHDEV

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 New Images            4 Fractals
 2 General Discussion         2 Focus: Animals        6 Raytracing
 3 Hall of Fame               3 Hall of Fame          8 POV
 4 Fractal Sources            4 Fractal Sources      10 3D/RDS/Holusions
 5 Fractal Images             5 Fractal Images       12 Animation
 6 Raytrace Sources           6 Raytrace Sources     14 Raytrace Animation
 7 Raytrace Images            7 Raytrace Images      17 Motion Video
 8 POV Sources                8 POV Sources          18 Public Discussion
 9 POV Images                 9 POV Images
10 3D/RDS Sources            10 3D/RDS Sources
11 3D/RDS Images             11 3D/RDS Images
12 Animation                 12 Animation
13 Morphing                  13 Morphing
14 Raytrace Animation        14 Raytrace Animation
17 Motion Video              17 Motion Video


Graphics Gallery Forum+      CIS:GALLERY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 New Images                 1 New Images           18 Public Discussion
 2 General Discussion         2 SI: Previews
 3 SI: Smithsonian Art        3 SI: Smithsonian Art
 4 SI: Air/Space              4 SI: Air/Space
 5 SI: Tech/History           5 SI: Tech/History
 6 SI: Science/Nature         6 SI: Science/Nature
 7 SI: People/Places          7 SI: People/Places
 8 NASA                       8 NASA
 9 Utah Shakes. Fest.         9 Utah Shakes. Fest.
10 NAL/USDA                  10 NAL/USDA
11 America! North            11 America! North
12 America! South            12 America! South
13 America! East             13 America! East
14 America! West             14 America! West
15 US Coast Guard            15 US Coast Guard
16 World Photography         16 World Photography
17 Wisconsin Hist Soc        17 Wisconsin Hist Soc


Graphics Plus Forum+         CIS:GRAPHPLUS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 New Images                 1 New Images            2 Public Discussion
 2 General Discussion         2 Focus: The Forest
 3 Hall of Fame               3 Hall of Fame
 4 Cars-Boats-Planes          4 Cars-Boats-Planes
 5 People & Portraits         5 People & Portraits
 6 Landscapes                 6 Landscapes
 7 World of Nature            7 World of Nature
 8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi           8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi
 9 Cartoons & Comics          9 Cartoons & Comics
10 Space & Astronomy         10 Space & Astronomy
11 Landmarks                 11 Landmarks
12 Logos-Promos-Maps         12 Logos-Promos-Maps
13 Potpourri                 13 Potpourri
14 Body Beautiful            14 Body Beautiful
15 Plain Brown Wrapper       15 Plain Brown Wrapper
16 Fractals/Raytracing       16 Fractals/Raytracing


Graphics Support Forum+      CIS:GRAPHSUPPORT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 'Go Graphics' Help         1 'Go Graphics' Help   10 Piclab
 2 Online Viewing             2 Online Viewing       12 Graphics Demos
 3 Graphic Viewers            3 Graphic Viewers      13 Developers' Den
 4 Format Conversion          4 Format Conversion    17 Copyright & More!
 5 Paint/Draw Programs        5 Paint/Draw Programs  18 The Family Room
 6 Digitizing Hardware        6 Digitizing Hardware
 7 Video Adapters             7 Video Adapters
 8 Printing Graphics          8 Printing Graphics
 9 Commercial Demos           9 Commercial Demos
10 GIF Tools                 10 GIF Tools
11 Animation Players         11 Animation Players
12 Graphics Demos            12 Graphics Demos
13 Developers' Den           13 Developers' Den
14 Misc. Util & Code         14 Misc. Util & Code
15 Non-GIF Software          15 Non-GIF Software
16 Standards and Specs       16 Standards and Specs
17 Copyright & More!         17 Copyright & More!


Graphics Vendor Forum+       CIS:GRAPHVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 New Graphic Vendors        1 New Graphic Vendors   2 Tempra
 2 Tempra                     2 Tempra                3 Grasp
 3 Grasp                      3 Grasp                 4 STB
 4 STB                        4 STB                   5 Jovian
 5 Jovian                     5 Jovian                6 Genus
 6 Genus                      6 Genus                 7 RIX Softworks
 7 RIX Softworks              7 RIX Softworks         8 Digital Vision
 8 Digital Vision             8 Digital Vision        9 Global Softworks
 9 Global Softworks           9 Global Softworks     10 Big_D
10 Big_D                     10 Big_D                11 Pacific Motion
11 Pacific Motion            11 Pacific Motion       12 Metagraphics
12 Metagraphics              12 Metagraphics         13 Image-In
13 Image-In                  13 Image-In             14 Inset Systems
14 Inset Systems             14 Inset Systems        15 VRLI Inc.
15 VRLI Inc.                 15 VRLI Inc.            16 TEGL
16 TEGL                      16 TEGL                 17 ATI Technologies
17 ATI Technologies          17 ATI Technologies     18 Public Discussion


Graphics B Vendor Forum+     CIS:GRAPHBVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Information          1 Forum Information     2 Tseng Labs
 2 Tseng Labs                 2 Tseng Labs            3 Diamond Comp Sys
 3 Diamond Comp Sys           3 Diamond Comp Sys      4 Animated Software
 4 Animated Software          4 Animated Software     5 StereoGraphics
 5 StereoGraphics             5 StereoGraphics        6 Sun Country Sftwre
 6 Sun Country Sftwre         6 Sun Country Sftwre    7 LEAD Technologies
 7 LEAD Technologies          7 LEAD Technologies     8 Hercules
 8 Hercules                   8 Hercules              9 Genoa Systems
 9 Genoa Systems              9 Genoa Systems        10 CrystalGraphics
10 CrystalGraphics           10 CrystalGraphics      11 Volante
11 Volante                   11 Volante              13 DesignWare, Inc.
13 DesignWare, Inc.          13 DesignWare, Inc.     14 HSC Software
14 HSC Software              14 HSC Software         15 Solana Software
15 Solana Software           15 Solana Software      16 Matrox
16 Matrox                    16 Matrox               17 Appian Technology
17 Appian Technology         17 Appian Technology    18 Public Discussion


Gupta Forum+                 CIS:GUPTAFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 SQLBase
 2 SQLBase                    2 SQLBase               2 Connectivity/SQLNet
 3 Connectivity/SQLNet        3 Connectivity/SQLNet   3 SQLWindows/TeamWin
 4 SQLWindows/TeamWin         4 SQLWindows/TeamWin    4 Product Marketing
 5 Quest                      5 Quest                 5 Quest
 6 Product Marketing          6 Product Marketing     7 Tech Support Info
 7 Third Party Prod's         7 Third Party Prod's    8 Member's Social
 8 Tech Services Info         8 Tech Services Info
 9 New Forum User             9 New Forum User
                             10 Local Language Docs


Hamnet Forum+                CIS:HAMNET

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 HamNet Roundtable          0 News & Help Files     1 HamNet Roundtable
 1 Your Ham License           1 Your Ham License      2 Scanning
 2 VHF/UHF Scanning           2 Scanning Library      3 Shortwave Listening
 3 Shortwave Listening        3 SWL Library
 4 Utility DX'ing             4 Utility DX'ing
 5 Amateur Satellites         5 Amateur Satellites
 6 Software Topics            6 Software & Pictures
 7 CW / Morse Code            7 CW / Morse Code
 8 Equipment/Antennas         8 Equipment/Antennas
 9 Packet Radio               9 Packet Radio Lib.
10 Swap Shop                 10 Swap Shop
11 FCC & Regulatory          11 FCC & Regulatory
12 Vendor Support            12 Vendor Support
13 AEA Support               13 AEA Support
14 ICOM Support              14 ICOM Support
16 *HOT* Topics!             16 *HOT* Topics!


Hayes Forum+                 CIS:HAYFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Public Discussion
 2 ULTRA/OPTIMA               2 Product Information
 3 9600/2400 V-series         3 High Speed Modems
 4 Smartmodems                4 Smartmodems
 5 Smartcom (Windows)         5 Smartcom (Windows)
 6 Fax Products               6 Fax Products
 7 Hayes for the Mac          7 Hayes for the Mac
 8 Smartcom (DOS)             8 Smartcom (DOS)
 9 International              9 Hayes ESP/ESI
10 Hayes ISDN                10 Hayes for LANs
11 Hayes for LANs            11 Hayes for ISDN
12 Hayes ESP/ESI             12 Competitive Edge
                             13 International
                             14 News Bulletins


Health & Fitness Forum+      CIS:GOODHEALTH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Discussion         1 HELP/New Uploads      1 General Conference
 2 Addiction/Recovery         2 Addiction/Recovery    2 Recovery
 3 Mental Health              3 Mental Health         3 Mental Health
 4 Family Health              4 Family Health         4 Family Health
 6 The Doctor's Inn           6 The Doctor's Inn      7 the Workout Room
 7 Exercise & Fitness         7 Exercise & Fitness   14 Bio-Med COMM
 8 Alternative Health         8 Alternative Health   15 Women's Health
 9 Running and Racing         9 Running and Racing
10 Nutrition                 10 Nutrition
11 Martial Arts              11 Martial Arts
13 NETWorking                15 Issues at Work
15 Women's Health            16 Graphics
16 Just MY Opinion           17 Self Help/Support
17 Self Help/Support


Holistic Health Forum+       CIS:HOLISTIC

Libraries Available:         Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Transcripts          1 Formal Conferences
 2 Business Software          2 Conference Room 2
 3 Nutritional Therapy        3 Conference Room 3
 4 Herbs & Plants
 5 Homeopathy & Bach
 6 Chinese/Ayurvedic
 7 Chiropractic
 8 Health Graphics
 9 Diet & Exercise
10 Healing & the Mind
11 Women's Health
12 Birthing & Children
13 Health Education
14 Health Politics
15 Products/Resources
16 Articles/Newslettrs


Homing Instinct Forum+       CIS:HOMING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Interest           1 General Interest      1 Lecture
 2 Land and Landscape         2 Land and Landscape    2 Shop Talk
 3 Design/Build               3 Design/Build          3 Studio Chat
 4 Construction               4 Construction
 5 Interior Design            5 Interior Design
 6 Remodel and Restore        6 Remodel and Restore
 7 Kitchens and Baths         7 Kitchens and Baths
 8 Heating and Cooling        8 Heating and Cooling
 9 New Products               9 New Products
10 Tools                     10 Tools
11 Computers                 11 Computers
12 Affordable Housing        12 Affordable Housing
13 Urban Dwelling            13 Urban Dwelling
14 Green Architecture        14 Green Architecture
15 Yestermorrow School       15 Yestermorrow School


HP Handheld Forum+           CIS:HPHAND

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 General
 2 1x/2x/3x calcs             2 1x/2x/3x calcs
 3 4x/6x/7x/9x calcs          3 4x/6x/7x/9x calcs
 4 95LX New Users             4 95LX New Users
 5 95LX Datacomm              5 95LX Datacomm
 6 95LX Hardware              6 95LX Hardware
 7 95LX General               7 95LX General
 8 100LX New Users            8 100LX New Users
 9 100LX Datacomm             9 100LX Datacomm
10 100LX Hardware            10 100LX Hardware
11 100LX General             11 100LX General
14 HPHAND Vendors            14 HPHAND Vendors
15 Palmtop programmers       15 Palmtop Programmers


HP OmniBook Forum+           CIS:HPOMNIBOOK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 OmniBook Nook
 2 New Users                  2 New Users
 3 Hardware                   3 Hardware
 4 DOS: General               4 DOS: General
 5 DOS: Datacomm              5 DOS: Datacomm
 6 DOS: Pers Info Mgrs        6 DOS: Pers Inf Mgrs
 7 Win: General               7 Win: General
 8 Win: Datacomm              8 Win: Datacomm
 9 Win: Pers Info Mgrs        9 Win: Pers Inf Mgrs
10 Win: Word                 10 Win: Word
11 Win: Excel                11 Win: Excel
14 HPOMNI Vendors            14 HPOMNI Vendors
15 Programmers               15 Programmers


HP Peripherals Forum+        CIS:HPPER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 General
 2 LaserJet & LJ II           2 LaserJet & LJ II
 3 LaserJet III               3 LaserJet III
 4 LaserJet 4                 4 LaserJet 4
 5 DeskJet                    5 DeskJet
 6 PaintJet                   6 PaintJet
 7 ScanJet                    7 ScanJet
 8 FAX products               8 FAX products
 9 HPs for Apples             9 HPs for Apples
10 Other peripherals         10 Other peripherals
11 HPPER Vendors             11 HPPER Vendors
12 Networked printers        12 Networked printers
15 TWAIN                     15 TWAIN


HP Systems Forum+            CIS:HPSYS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General/Uploads       1 General
 2 HP Mass Storage            2 HP Mass Storage
 3 Vectra                     3 Vectra
 4 NetServer PCs              4 NetServer PCs
 5 Windows Clients            5 Windows Clients
 6 Analytical                 6 Analytical
 7 EtherTwist                 7 EtherTwist
 8 OpenView                   8 OpenView
 9 Test & Measurement         9 Test & Measurement
10 NewWave                   10 NewWave
11 Dashboard/misc apps       11 Dashboard/misc apps
12 MPE systems               12 MPE systems
13 HP-UX systems             13 HP-UX systems
14 Other HP computers        14 Other HP computers


HSX Adult Forum+             CIS:HSX200

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
16 HSX Helpline              16 HSX Help Files       16 Hospitality Suite
                                                     17 Mind to Mind--No Hi
                                                     18 Club HSX


HSX Open Forum+              CIS:HSX100

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Dear Janis O.              1 Dear Janis O.         1 Dear Janis O.
 2 Family Crisis              2 Family Crisis         2 Family Crisis
 3 Counselor's Corner         3 Counselor's Corner    3 Counselor's Corner
 4 Gay Alliance               4 Gay Alliance          4 Gay Alliance
 5 Singles Club               5 Singles Club          5 Singles Club
 6 Matters of Morals          6 Matters of Morals     6 News of the Day
 7 Software Exchange          7 Software Exchange     7 Software Exchange
 8 Shyness Workshop           8 Shyness Workshop      8 Shyness Workshop
 9 Pen Pals                   9 Pen Pals              9 Pen Pals
10 HSX Contest               10 HSX Contest          10 HSX Contest
11 More Than Skin Deep       11 More Than Skin Deep  11 More Than Skin Deep
12 Naturist Lifestyles       12 Naturist Lifestyles  12 Naturist Lifestyles
13 Living With AIDS          13 Living With AIDS     13 Living With AIDS
14 Sex and the Law           14 Sex and the Law      14 The Law Office
15 Global Village            15 Global Village       15 Global Village
16 HSX Helpline              16 HSX Help Files       16 By the Fireplace
                                                     18 East Terrace


Humane Society Forum+        CIS:HSUS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 The Debate Room
 2 Animal Experiments         2 Animal Experiments
 3 ShelterNet                 3 ShelterNet
 4 Legislation & Law          4 Legislation & Law
 5 Wildlife Rehab             5 Animal Ethics
 6 Into the Maelstrom         6 Action Alerts
 7 Animal Ethics
 8 Wildlife Protection
 9 Action Alert


IBM Applications Forum+      CIS:IBMAPP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General [A]                0 General [A]           1 IBMAPP Conference
 1 Text Editors [A]           1 Text Editors [A]     14 Electronic Pub.
 2 Word Processing [A]        2 Word Processing [A]
 3 DBMS [A]                   3 DBMS [A]
 4 Personal Acct [A]          4 Personal Acct [A]
 5 Business Acct. [A]         5 Business Acct [A]
 6 Business Apps [A]          6 Business Apps [A]
 7 Gen. Apps [A]              7 Gen. Apps [A]
 8 Village Inn [A]            8 Demos/Misc [A]
 9 Hot Topic [A]              9 Membership/Mail [A]
10 Graphics [A]              10 Graphics [A]
11 Education [A]             11 Education [A]
12 Desktop Pub [A]           12 Desktop Pub [A]
13 Tech/Engr/Sci [A]         13 Tech/Engr/Sci [A]
14 Elec. Pub. [A]            14 Elec. Pub. [A]
15 Vertical Apps [A]         15 Vertical Apps [A]


IBM Bulletin Board Forum+    CIS:IBMBBS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General [B]                0 General [B]          18 General CO area
 1 BBS Programs [B]           1 BBS Programs [B]
 2 BBS Utilities [B]          2 BBS Utilities [B]
 3 BBS Doors [B]              3 BBS Doors [B]
 4 BBS Management [B]         4 BBS Management [B]
 5 Standards [B]              5 Standards [B]
 6 BBS Hardware [B]           6 BBS Hardware [B]
 7 BBS User Q/A [B]           7 BBS Listings [B]
 8 Village Inn [B]            8 BBS Notices [B]
 9 Hot Topic [B]              9 Demos/Misc
10 BBS Networks [B]          10 BBS Networks [B]
                             11 Product Info [B]


IBM CAD/CAM Forum+           CIS:IBMENG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 GENERAL INFORMATION   1 Conference Room 1
 4 News/Announcements        16 ANNOUCEMENT LETTER


IBM Communications Forum+    CIS:IBMCOM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General [C]                0 General [C]           8 Village Inn
 1 Autosig (ATO) [C]          1 Autosig (ATO) [C]
 2 Comm Utilities [C]         2 Comm Utilities [C]
 3 Comm Programs [C]          3 Comm Programs [C]
 4 FAX [C]                    4 FAX [C]
 5 Ask the Sysops [C]         5 Ask the Sysops [C]
 6 Hot Topic [C]              6 Hot Topics [C]
 7 Modems/Comm Hdw [C]        7 Modems/Comm Hdw [C]
 8 Village Inn [C]            8 Demos [C]
 9 Script/Nav Pgms [C]        9 Script/Nav Pgms [C]
10 Protocols [C]             10 Protocols [C]
11 Local Area Nets [C]       11 Local Area Nets [C]


IBM DB2 Database Forum+      CIS:IBMDB2

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 DB2/2                      1 DB2/2                 1 Conference Room 1
 2 DB2/6000                   2 DB2/6000              2 Conference Room 2
 3 DB2/VSE&VM (SQL/DS)        3 DB2/VSE&VM (SQL/DS)
16 Open forum                16 Open forum


IBM Hardware Forum+          CIS:IBMHW

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General [H]                0 General [H]          18 HW conference area
 1 Disk/Disk Utils [H]        1 Disk/Disk Utils [H]
 2 Printers/Utils [H]         2 Printer Utils [H]
 3 Video [H]                  3 Video [H]
 4 Gen. Hardware [H]          4 Gen. Hardware [H]
 5 Hot Topics [H]             5 PC-AT [H]
 6 Small Computers [H]        6 Small Computers [H]
 7 Buying a System [H]        7 Compatible Util [H]
 8 Village Inn [H]            8 Classifieds [H]
 9 PS/*                       9 PS/*
10 Mainframe HW/SW [H]       10 Mainframe HW/SW [H]
11 88/286 Systems [H]        11 Demos/Misc [H]
12 386 Systems [H]           14 PCjr [H]
13 486/P5 Systems [H]
14 PCjr [H]


IBM ImagePlus Forum+         CIS:IBMIMAGE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 ImagePlus Info             1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 IP/2 Info                  2 IP/2 Info
 3 IP/2 Gen Ques              3 IP/2 Gen Ques
 4 IP/2 Support               4 IP/2 Support
 5 IP/AS400 Info              5 IP/AS400 Info
 6 IP/AS400 Gen Ques          6 IP/AS400 Gen Ques
 7 IP/AS400 Support           7 IP/AS400 Support
 8 IP/MVS Info                8 IP/MVS Info
 9 IP/MVS Gen Ques            9 IP/MVS Gen Ques
11 Visualinfo Info           11 Visualinfo Info
12 Visualinfo Gen Ques       12 Visualinfo Gen Ques
15 IP/IPFO (OCR)             16 IP/IPFO (OCR)


IBM LMU2 Forum+              CIS:LMUFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Info               1 General Info          1 General Forum Info
 2 Operations Mgmt.           2 Common Questions      2 LMU/2 Discussion
 3 Configuration Mgmt.        3 Tools/Samples
 4 Performance Mgmt.          4 News/Announcements
 5 Fault Mgmt.                5 LMU/2 V2 Updates
 6 Miscellaneous              6 LMU Updates
 7 LMU2 Suggestion Box
 8 News/Announcements


IBM New User's Forum+        CIS:IBMNEW

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General [N]                0 General [0]          10 BASIC Workshop
 1 Download Help [N]          1 Download Help [1]    15 Side chats
 2 Library Tools [N]          2 Library Tools [2]    16 Side chats
 3 Adventures [N]             3 Adventures [3]       17 Side chats
 4 Music [N]                  4 Music [4]            18 Main Conference Room
 5 Fun Graphics [N]           5 Fun Graphics [5]
 6 Gen Fun & Games [N]        6 Gen Fun & Games [6]
 7 Ask the Sysops [N]         7 Ask the Sysops [7]
 8 Village Inn [N]            8 Word&Card Games [8]
 9 Word Games [N]             9 Sports & Chance [9]
10 BASIC Workshop [N]        10 BASIC Workshop [10]
                             11 Demo Programs [11]


IBM OS/2 B Vendors Forum+    CIS:OS2BVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 OS/2 Shareware             1 OS/2 Shareware        1 OS/2 Shareware
 2 PCX                        2 PCX                   2 PCX
 3 SCA                        3 SCA                   3 SCA


IBM OS/2 Developer 1 Forum+  CIS:OS2DF1

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Base OS API's              1 Base OS API's         1 Developer Room
 2 PM API's                   2 PM API's
 3 2.x Workplace Shell        3 2.x Workplace Shell
 4 IBM C SET/2, IPMD          4 IBM C SET/2, IPMD
 5 IBM C++                    5 IBM C++
 6 REXX/Other Language        6 REXX/Other Lang.'s
 7 Development Tools          7 Development Tools
 8 Debugging                  8 Debugging
 9 Thunking 16 <-> 32         9 Thunking 16 <-> 32
10 OS Migration              10 OS Migration
11 Device Driver Dev.        11 Device Driver Dev.
12 MMPM/2 - Multimedia       12 MMPM/2 - Multimedia
13 DMK/2 - Mirrors           13 DMK/2 - Mirrors
14 Object Technology         14 Object Technology
15 Open Forum [DF1]          15 Open Forum [DF1]
16 Product Suggestions       16 Product Suggestions
17 IBM Files [DF1]           17 IBM Files [DF1]


IBM OS/2 Developer 2 Forum+  CIS:OS2DF2

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Communications Mgr.        1 Communications Mgr.   1 Developer Room 1
 2 DB2/2, Database Mgr        2 DB2/2, Database Mgr
 3 LAN Server                 3 LAN Server
 4 NTS/2 - Transport          4 NTS/2 - Transport
 5 TCP/IP                     5 TCP/IP
 6 CID Enablement             6 CID Enablement
 7 PEN Software               7 PEN Software
 8 Installer & DA/2           8 Installer & DA/2
 9 SPM/2 - Performance        9 SPM/2 - Performance
10 LAN NetView               10 LAN NetView
11 DCE-OSF/DCE on OS/2       11 DCE-OSF/DCE on OS/2
13 OS/2 Developer Mag.       13 OS/2 Developer Mag.
15 Open Forum [DF2]          15 Open Forum [DF2]
16 Product Suggestions       16 Product Suggestions
17 IBM Files [DF2]           17 IBM FILES [DF2]


IBM OS/2 Support Forum+      CIS:OS2SUPPORT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Questions          1 General Questions     1 SUPPORT Conf. Rm #1
 2 Install Questions          2 Install Questions     2 SUPPORT Conf. Rm #2
 3 H/W - I/O Media            3 H/W - I/O Media
 4 H/W - Platform             4 H/W - Platform
 5 H/W - Displays             5 H/W - Displays
 6 H/W - Printers             6 H/W - Printers
 7 H/W - Miscellaneous        7 H/W - Miscellaneous
 8 WPS / SOM Questions        8 WPS / SOM Questions
 9 ES / LS Questions          9 ES / LS Questions
10 REXX / Lang. Quest.       10 REXX / Lang. Quest.
11 DOS Appl. Questions       11 DOS Appl. Questions
12 Windows Appl. Ques.       12 WINDOWS Appl. Ques.
13 OS/2 Appl. Quest.         13 OS/2 Appl. Quest.
14 COMM Appl. Quest.         14 COMM Appl. Quest.
15 OPEN Forum [SUP]          15 OPEN Forum
17 IBM Files [SUP]           17 IBM Files [SUP]


IBM OS/2 Users Forum+        CIS:OS2USER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 OS/2 Public Image          1 OS/2 Public Image     1 OS2USER Conf. Rm. 1
 2 1.x General Q & A          2 1.x General Q & A     2 OS2USER Conf. Rm. 2
 3 OS/2 & Hardware            3 OS/2 & Hardware
 4 Application Quest.         4 Application Quest.
 5 Documentation              5 Documentation
 6 New User Questions         6 New User Questions
 7 Suggestions                7 Suggestions
 8 PSP / IBM Marketing        8 PSP Marketing
 9 TEAM OS/2                  9 TEAM OS/2
10 OS/2 User Groups          10 OS/2 User Groups
11 RouteXpander/2            11 RouteXpander/2
15 Open Forum [USER]         15 Open Forum [USER]
16 Fun & Games               16 Fun & Games
17 IBM Files [USER]          17 IBM Files [USER]


IBM OS/2 Vendor Forum+       CIS:OS2AVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Other Vendors              1 Other Vendors         1 Other Vendors
 2 OS/2 Magazine              2 OS/2 Magazine         2 OS/2 Magazine
 3 One UP/SourceLine          3 One UP/SourceLine     3 One UP/SourceLine
 4 OS/2 Monthly               4 OS/2 Monthly          4 OS/2 Monthly
 5 Sundial Systems            5 Sundial Systems       5 Sundial Systems
 6 Proportional               6 Proportional          6 Proportional
 7 DevTech                    7 DevTech               7 DevTech
 8 HockWare                   8 HockWare              8 HockWare
 9 Soft & GUI                 9 Soft & GUI            9 Soft & GUI
10 BocaSoft                  10 BocaSoft             10 BocaSoft
11 Gpf Systems               11 Gpf Systems          11 Gpf Systems
12 Softronics                12 Softronics           12 Softronics
13 Micro Decisionware        13 Micro Decisionware   13 Micro Decisionware
14 One Tree Software         14 One Tree Software    14 One Tree Software
15 Arcadia Tech.             15 Arcadia Tech.        15 Arcadia Tech.


IBM PowerPC Forum+           CIS:POWERPC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 Press Rel/Ann'ts      1 Main
 2 Events                     2 General Info          2 Auxiliary
 3 Chips/Architecture         3 Publication Index
 4 IBM Power Personal         4 What Is? (Glossary)
 5 Operating Systems          5 Q&A Bank
 6 Human-Centered Tech        6 Software
 7 Applications               7 Hardware
 8 Ref Platform (PReP)        8 Ref Platform (PReP)
                              9 Forum Archives


IBM Programming Forum+       CIS:IBMPRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General [P]                0 General [P]           1 IBMPRO Conference
 1 Assembler [P]              1 Assembler [P]
 2 OS Services [P]            2 OS Services [P]
 3 C and C++ [P]              3 C and C++ [P]
 4 BASIC [P]                  4 BASIC [P]
 5 Other Languages [P]        5 Other Languages [P]
 6 Tools/Debuggers [P]        6 Tools/Debuggers [P]
 7 DBMS Dev [P]               7 DBMS Dev. [P]
 8 Village Inn [P]            8 Demos [P]
 9 Hot Topic [P]              9 Job Exchange [P]
10 DataCompression [P]       10 DataCompression [P]
11 APL [P]                   11 APL [P]
12 VESA [P]                  12 VESA [P]
13 Techniques [P]            13 Techniques [P]
14 CGP [P]                   14 CGP [P]


IBM Software Forum+          CIS:IBMDESK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Calendar of Events
 2 Calendar of Events         2 Calendar of Events    2 Current/OV
 4 Current-OV                 4 Current/OV            3 DisplayWrite
 6 Tested & Approved          6 Tested & Approved     5 Time and Place/2
 7 DisplayWrite               7 DisplayWrite          6 Personal AS
 9 Time and Place/2           9 Time and Place/2      8 WPLBETA
10 Personal AS               10 Personal AS
13 Address Book Sync         13 Address Book Sync
14 WPLBETA                   14 WPLBETA
15 InterfloX                 15 InterfloX
16 SearchManager/2           16 SearchManager/2


IBM Special Needs Forum+     CIS:IBMSPEC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Parents
 2 Software                   2 Software              2 Teachers
 3 Hardware                   3 Hardware              3 Administrators
 4 Special Needs              4 Special Needs         4 Chit Chat
 5 Parents                    5 Parents               5 Formal Conferences
 6 Teacher Talk               6 Teacher Talk
 7 Option of Adoption         7 Option of Adoption
 8 Developers/Vendors         8 Developers/Vendors
10 IBM Bits & Bytes          10 IBM Bits & Bytes
11 Christian Education       11 Christian Education
12 Deaf Talk                 12 Deaf Talk
13 Recreation & Games        13 Recreation & Games
14 Bilingual Tech            14 Bilingual Tech
15 Kid to Kid                15 Kid to Kid
16 Braille Access Tech       16 Braille Access Tech
17 NBA Transcribers          17 NBA Transcribers


IBM Storage Systems Forum+   CIS:IBMSTORAGE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 ADSTAR Dist Str Mgr        1 ADSTAR Dist Stg Mgr   2 ADSM Special Progs
 2 ADSM Special Progs         2 ADSM Special Progs


IBM Systems/Util. Forum+     CIS:IBMSYS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General [S]                0 General [S]           1 IBMSYS Conference
 1 DOS/DOS Utils [S]          1 DOS Utilities [S]
 2 OS/2 & Utils [S]           2 OS/2 Utilities [S]
 3 General Utils [S]          3 General Utils [S]
 4 Multitasking [S]           4 Multitasking [S]
 5 DOS Shells/Mgrs [S]        5 DOS Shells/Mgrs [S]
 6 File Utilities [S]         6 File Utilities [S]
 7 Desktop Utils [S]          7 Desktop Utils [S]
 8 Village Inn [S]            8 Demos [S]
 9 Hot Topic [S]              9 Disk Library [S]


IBM ThinkPad Forum+          CIS:THINKPAD

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Info               1 General Info          1 General Info Room
 2 Hardware                   2 Hardware              2 Hardware Room
 3 Software                   3 Software              3 Software Room
 4 Options/Accessories        4 Options/Accessories
 5 International              5 Audio Central
 6 Classified Ads
 7 ThinkPad 7xx
 8 ThinkPad 5xx
 9 ThinkPad 3xx
10 IBM PC Direct
11 Dealers/Resellers


Ideas & Inventions Forum+    CIS:INNOVATION

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Info & News        1 General Info & News   1 OPEN ROOM
 2 The Source Locator         2 Source Locator        2 FORMAL ROOM
 3 Protection & Laws          3 Protection & Laws     3 PRIVATE
 4 US Inventor's Org          4 US Inventor's Org.    4 PRIVATE
 5 TBA                        5 TBA
 6 The Garage Workshop        6 Garage Workshop
 7 Research & New Tech        7 Research & New Tech
 8 Meetings & Seminars        8 Meetings & Seminars
 9 Ideas to Market            9 Ideas to Market!
10 Hot Topics                10 Hot Topics
11 Int'l Inventor Org        11 Int'l Inventor Org
12 Young Inventors           12 Young Inventors
13 Funding Your Ideas        13 Funding Your Ideas
14 Products & Services       14 Products & Services


Inn Forum+                   CIS:INNFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Forum Info         1 General Information   2 COME INN & CHAT
 2 Innkeeping Dreams          2 Innkeeping Dreams
 3 B&B Recipe Exchange        3 B&B Recipe Exchange
 4 Family Travel              4 Award Winning Inns
 5 Inn Business Travel        5 Industry Update
 7 California/Pacific         7 Inn Touch
 8 Southwest/Rockies          8 Meet New Inns
 9 Great Lakes/Midwest        9 Travel Features
10 South/Southeast           10 RSO Access
11 Mid-Atl/New England       11 Inn Business Travel
12 Flying Inn                13 Inn Photo Album/GIF
13 Canada/Mexico/VI          15 Specialty Listings
14 'Round the World
15 Inn Friends
16 Antiques & Decor


Intel Access/iRUG Forum+     CIS:INTELACCESS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Intel News/General         1 Intel News/General    1 Public Discussion
 2 iRMX/MMG/Multibus          2 iRMX/MMG/Multibus
 3 Resources/Lit'ature        3 Resources/Lit'ature
 4 Software Specs.            4 Software Specs.
 5 i386 SX,DX,SL CPU          5 i386 SX,DX,SL CPU
 6 i486 CPU Family            6 i486 CPU Family
 8 Other uProcessors          8 Other uProcessors
 9 i750/Indeo (TM)            9 i750/Indeo (TM)
10 Tools/Utils/Demos         10 Tools/Utils/Demos
11 Tool Interface Stds       11 Tool Interface Stds
12 Pentium(TM) Proc          12 Pentium(TM) Proc.
14 Telephony                 14 Telephony
15 Plug and Play / PCI       15 Plug and Play / PCI
16 Client/Server             16 Client/Server


Intel Forum+                 CIS:INTELFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 LANDesk Products           1 LANDesk Products      1 General Discussion
 2 Network Print/Fax          2 Network Print/Fax     2 General Chatter
 3 Net. Mgt/Utilities         3 Net. Mgt/Utilities
 4 Net. Backup Server         4 Net. Backup Server
 5 Net. Adapters/Hubs         5 Net. Adapters/Hubs
 6 Wireless Products          6 Wireless Products
 7 PCMCIA Faxmodems           7 PCMCIA Faxmodems
 8 Fax and Modems             8 Fax and Modems
 9 CPU/OverDrive/Math         9 CPU/OverDrive/Math
10 Video Capture             10 Video Capture
11 ProShare(tm) Prods        11 ProShare(tm) Prods
12 Memory Products           12 Memory Products
13 Inboard/SnapIn            13 Inboard/SnapIn
14 Other Intel Prod.'s       14 Other Intel Prod.'s
15 SW Specs./Libraries       15 SW Specs./Libraries
16 Intel News                16 Intel News
                             17 Self-Help Docs


International Trade Forum+   CIS:TRADE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 The Thorn Tree Cafe        1 Transcripts & Info    1 The Coffee Shop
 2 Trade-Talk                 2 IT Practices          2 Formal Conferences
 3 Starting out in IT         3 IT & Governments      4 The Sunset Bar
 4 Food/Drugs/Drink           4 Starting Out In IT
 5 Minerals & Metals          5 The Trading Floor
 6 Textiles & Clothing        6 European Union
 7 Manufactured Items         7 Non EU Europe & CIS
 8 Hi-tech Equipment          8 Asia/OZ/NZ
 9 Transportation             9 N America & NAFTZ
10 Services                  10 South & C. America
11 Intellectual Prop.        11 Africa/Middle East
12 Agencies & Work           12 Current Tenders
13 Business Travel           13 Business Travel
14 Shipping & Customs        14 Shipping & Customs
15 IT Banking/Finance        15 IT Banking/Finance
16 SOS:Need Help Now!        16 Member Resources
17 ProTRADE                  17 ProTRADE


Internet Forum+              CIS:INETFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Getting Started            2 Getting Started
 3 Internet Access            3 Internet Access
 4 Directory Services         4 Directory Services
 5 Electronic Mail            5 Electronic Mail
 6 FTP & File Transfer        6 FTP & File Transfer
 7 Newsgroups/Usenet          7 Newsgroups/Usenet
 8 Mailing Lists              8 Mailing Lists
 9 Gopher / WAIS / WWW        9 Gopher / WAIS / WWW
10 International             10 International
11 Resources-Academic        11 Resources-Academic
12 Resources-Business        12 Resources-Business
13 Resources-Community       13 Resources-Community
14 Resources-Govt.           14 Resources-Govt.
15 Resources-Technical       15 Resources-Technical


Intersolv Forum+             CIS:INTERSOLV

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Section            1 General Library       1 Conference Room 1
 2 APS                        2 APS
 3 Excelerator                3 Excelerator
 4 Maint. Workbench           4 Maint. WorkBench
 5 PVCS Version Mgr           5 PVCS
 6 PVCS Config Builder        7 User Group
 7 User Group                 8 Training
                              9 White Papers


Intuit Forum+                CIS:INTUIT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Sysop Conference
 2 Quicken/DOS                2 Quicken/DOS           2 Conference 1
 3 Quicken/Windows            3 Quicken/Windows       3 Conference 2
 4 Quicken/Mac                4 Quicken/Mac           4 Intuit Conference
 6 QuickBooks/DOS             6 QuickBooks/DOS
 7 QuickBooks/Windows         7 QuickBooks/Windows
 8 QuickPay                   8 QuickPay
 9 QuickInvoice               9 QuickInvoice
10 Quicken Companion         10 Quicken Companion
11 Personal Finances         11 Personal Finances
12 Small Business            12 Small Business
13 Intuit Talk               13 Intuit Talk
14 Suggestions               14 Suggestions


Investors Forum+             CIS:INVFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Stocks                     1 Stocks/The Market     1 Main CO Hall
 2 Bonds/Fixed Income         2 Bonds/Fixed Income    2 Bull & Bear Lounge
 3 Futures & Options          3 Option Trading        3 The Boardroom
 4 Market Talk                4 Futures/Commodities   4 Quick Way
 5 Mutual Funds               5 Mutual Funds          6 Real Estate
 6 Real Estate                6 Real Estate          14 EQUIS/MetaStock
 7 Financial Planning         7 Fin'l Plan. / Taxes
 8 Agribusiness               8 Agribusiness
 9 Computer Corner            9 Demos and Info
10 Low Priced Stocks         10 Newsletters/Theory
11 Using Invforum/CIS        11 Using INVFORUM/CIS
12 Technical Analysis        12 Charts/Tech. Anlys.
13 Global Investing          13 Yurko TA Workshop
14 EQUIS/MetaStock           14 EQUIS/MetaStock
15 The Novice Investor       15 The Novice Investor
16 Town Square


IRI Software Forum+          CIS:IRIFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Javelin Topics
 2 Javelin Prod. Info.        2 Javelin Prod. Info.   2 Express Topics
 3 Javelin Tech. Supp.        3 Javelin Tech. Supp.
 4 Javelin Suggestions        4 Javelin Suggestions
 6 Express Prod. Info.        5 Javelin Sample MDLs
 7 Express Tech. Supp.        6 Express Prod. Info.
 8 Express Tech Update        7 Express Tech. Supp.
 9 Members Lounge             8 Express Tech Update
13 VAC / VAR Lounge           9 Express Files/Tools
                             12 EXPRESS for Windows
                             13 VAC / VAR Lounge


Issues Forum+                CIS:ISSUESFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Culture & Society          1 Culture & Society     1 Gays & Lesbians
 2 Talk of the Nation         2 Talk of the Nation    2 Talk of the Nation
 3 Asian Amer Issues          3 Asian Amer Issues     3 Paranormal
 4 African Amer Issues        4 African Amer Issues   4 African Amer Issues
 5 Between the Sexes          5 Between the Sexes     5 Conferences
 6 Parent Connection          6 Parent Connection     6 Rush H. Limbaugh
 7 Canadian Issues            7 Canadian Issues
 8 Nonprofit Orgs             8 Nonprofit Orgs
 9 Rush H. Limbaugh           9 Rush H. Limbaugh
10 Unexpln'd Phenomena       10 Unexpln'd Phenomena
11 Native Americans          11 Native Americans
12 Men's Issues              12 Men's Issues
13 Marginal Issues           13 Marginal Issues
14 The Village Elders        14 The Village Elders
15 Ethics/Human Rights       15 Ethics/Human Rights
16 Women's Issues            16 Women's Issues
17 Lesbian/Gay Issues        17 Lesbian/Gay Issues


Japan Forum+                 CIS:JAPAN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 SIEC (Students)            0 SIEC Students         1 English
 1 NIFTY-Serve                1 NIFTY-Serve           2 Nihongo
 2 Business & Industry        2 Business & Industry   3 Hanashi
 3 Travel                     3 Travel                5 Chat
 4 Software Macintosh         4 Software Macintosh
 5 Software PC & Other        5 Software PC & Other
 6 Embassy & Expats           6 Embassy & Expats
 7 Culture & Festivals        7 Culture & Festivals
 8 Sports & Games             8 Sports & Games
 9 Politics & Opinion         9 Politics & Opinion
10 Art & Literature          10 Art & Literature
11 History & Religion        11 History & Religion
12 Education & Law           12 Education & Law
13 Hobbies                   13 Hobbies
14 Classified Ads            14 Classified Ads
15 Food & Drink              15 Food & Drink
16 Language                  16 Language
17 Everything Else!          17 Everything Else!


JFK Assassination Forum+     CIS:JFKFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 The Back Room              1 Transcripts/Threads   1 Informal Meetings
 2 Books & Articles           2 Books & Articles      2 Formal Conferences
 3 Government & FOIA          3 Government & FOIA
 4 Medical Evidence           4 Medical Evidence
 5 CIA/FBI/ONI/OAI            5 CIA/FBI/ONI/OAI
 6 Organized Crime            6 Organized Crime
 7 Political Motives          7 Political Motives
 8 The Media                  8 The Media
 9 Vietnam & M.I.C.           9 Vietnam & M.I.C.
10 Castro/anti-Castro        10 Castro/anti-Castro
11 Conferences & Mtgs        11 Conferences & Mtgs
12 SOS:Need Answr Now!       12 Photos & Documents
13 Coverups                  13 Coverups
14 Warren Commission         14 Warren Commission
15 Oswald/Ruby/et al.        15 Oswald/Ruby/et al.
16 SOTM:Doc Release          16 Member Resources
17 The AARC                  17 The AARC


Journalism Forum+            CIS:JFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General Information        0 General Information   1 General Information
 1 Fast Breaking News!        2 Jobs/Stringers        2 Jobs/Stringers
 2 Jobs/Stringers             3 Freelancers           3 Freelancers
 3 Freelancers                4 Journalism Tools      4 Journalism Tools
 4 Journalism Tools           5 Comment/Controversy   5 Comment/Controversy
 5 Jrnlsm Controversy         6 Radio / TV            6 Radio
 6 Radio                      8 Papers/Magazines      7 Television News
 7 Television                 9 Off The Record        8 The Printed Word
 8 The Printed Word          11 Ethics                9 Photo / Video
 9 Off The Record            12 Future Media         11 Ethics
11 Ethics                    13 Newsroom Computers   12 Newsroom Computers
12 Future Media              16 Pix/Graphix/Design   13 Politics '93
13 Newsroom Computers        17 SciNews - MedNews    14 NASW
14 NASW - Sci. Writers                               15 NPPA
15 Photo-Video / NPPA                                16 Graphics & Design
16 Graphics & Design                                 17 MedNews / SciNews
17 SciNews - MedNews


Kodak CD Forum+              CIS:KODAK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Photo CD General           1 About the Forum       1 Conference Room 1
 2 Writable CD                2 Kodak News
 3 Photo CD Software          3 Photo CD General
 4 Color Management           4 Photo CD Software
 5 Kodak Printers             5 Writable CD
 6 Image Capture              6 International
                              7 Color Management
                              8 Kodak Printers
                              9 Image Capture


Lan Magazine Forum+          CIS:LANMAG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Client/Server              2 Reviews               2 Conference Room 2
 3 Peer-to-Peer               3 Features
 4 Interoperability           4 Guests & Interviews
 5 Cabling/Topologies         8 User-to-User
 6 Operating Systems          9 LAN Basics
 7 Hardware                  10 News
 8 Software                  16 Vendor Product Ann.
 9 LAN Basics
10 Show/Meeting Rpts
11 Management/Careers
12 Technology Issues
15 Letters to Editors
16 Guests
17 The Wiring Closet


Lan Technology Forum+        CIS:LANTECH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 To The Sysops              1 Inside Stacks         1 CO Room 1
 1 General Information        2 NetWare
 2 Inside Stacks              3 Lan Manager
 3 NetWare                    4 VINES
 4 Lan Manager                5 Macintosh
 5 VINES                      6 UNIX
 6 UNIX                       7 Network Managmnt
 7 Network Mgmnt.             8 Internetworking
 8 Internetworking            9 WAN Technology
 9 WAN Tech                  10 Troubleshooting
10 Troubleshooting           11 Servers
11 Servers                   12 E-Mail
12 E-Mail                    13 Applications
13 Applications              14 Demos
14 Demos                     15 Reviews
15 Reviews                   16 Current Stacks
16 The Grapevine


Lan Vendor Forum+            CIS:LANVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Section            1 General Library       1 Conference Room 1
 2 Synergy Solutions          2 Synergy Solutions
 4 Newport Systems            4 Newport Systems
 5 SilCom Technology          5 SilCom Technology
 6 Robertson-Caruso           6 Robertson-Caruso
 7 Horizons Technology        7 Horizons Technology
 8 Impulse Tech.              8 Impulse Tech.
 9 DE Applications            9 DE Applications
10 Aleph Takoma Systms       10 Aleph Takoma Systms


LDC Spreadsheets Forum+      CIS:LOTUSA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Discussion         0 Product Info, Demos   1 The Auditorium
 2 1-2-3 Release 2.x          1 CIS Utilities         2 The Clubroom
 3 1-2-3 Release 3.x          2 1-2-3 Release 2.x     3 F1 [Help!]
 4 1-2-3 for OS/2             3 1-2-3 Release 3.x     4 Can we talk?
 5 1-2-3 for Windows          4 1-2-3 for OS/2
 6 Symphony                   5 1-2-3 for Windows
 7 1-2-3 for the Mac          6 Symphony
 8 Add-on Products            7 1-2-3 for the Mac
 9 Development Tools          8 Add-on Products
11 Lotus UK                   9 Development Tools
12 Improv for Windows        11 Lotus UK
                             12 Improv for Windows
                             13 Want Ads


LDC Word Processing Forum+   CIS:LOTUSWP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 CIS Info & Utils      1 Conference Rm. #1
 3 2.x Ami Pro/LWrite         2 Product Info, Demos   2 Conference Rm. #2
 4 3.x Ami Pro/Install        3 2.x Ami Pro/LWrite
 5 3.x Ami Pro/Print          5 Ami Pro/W Technotes
 6 3.x Ami Pro/Macros         6 Ami Pro/W Macros
 7 3.x Ami Pro/General        7 Ami Pro/W General
 8 3.x Ami Pro OS/2           8 Ami Pro/OS2
12 SmarText                  12 SmarText
13 Samna Word IV             13 Samna Word IV
14 Lotus Manuscript          14 Lotus Manuscript
15 Pro-pourri                15 Fun & Graphics
                             16 Shareware/Utilities
                             17 Problem Uploads


LDC Words & Pixels Forum+    CIS:LOTUSB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Discussion         0 Product Info, Demos   1 The Auditorium
 2 Freelance/Windows          1 CIS Utilities         2 The Clubroom
 3 Freelance for OS/2         2 Freelance/Windows     3 F1 [Help!]
 4 Freelance/DOS              3 Freelance for OS/2    4 Can we talk?
 6 Metro/Express              4 Freelance/DOS
 7 Agenda                     5 Mature Products
 8 Magellan                   7 Agenda
 9 LotusWorks                 8 Magellan
13 One Source                 9 LotusWorks
14 Organizer                 13 One Source
15 Approach                  14 Organizer
                             15 Approach


LDOS/TRSDOS6 Users Forum+    CIS:LDOS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General/NewUplds           0 General/NewUplds      1 MISOSYS Conference
 1 Languages                  1 Languages             2 Open Forum
 2 MISOSYS Products           2 MISOSYS Products
 3 M1/3 Programming           3 M1/3 Programming
 4 Mod4 Programming           4 Mod4 Programming
 5 LDOS 5 Support             5 LDOS 5 Support
 6 TRSDOS 6 Support           6 TRSDOS 6 Support
 7 Applications               7 Applications
 8 Hardware Hacking           8 Hardware Hacking
 9 MS-DOS Topics              9 MS-DOS Topics
10 Programmer's Jrnl         10 Programmer's Jrnl
11 Communications            11 Communications
16 Open Forum                16 Open Forum


Legal Forum+                 CIS:LAWSIG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General Interest           0 GENERAL               1 Meeting Center
 1 Computer/Tech Law          1 Computer/Tech Law     2
 2 Attorney Wanted            2 Attorney Wanted       3
 3 Law Firm Economics         3 Law Firm Economics    4
 4 Legal Research             4 Legal Research        5
 5 Software/Automation        5 Software/Automation   6
 6 Lawyer To Lawyer           6 Lawyer To Lawyer      7
 7 Reporter/Paralegal         7 Reporter/Paralegal    8
 8 LAW STUDENT                8 LAW STUDENT           9
 9 --- HOT TOPIC ---          9 *** HOT TOPIC ***    10 Municipal Planning
10 Municipal Planning        10 MUNICIPAL PLANNING
11 Demos, Vendors            11 Demos, Vendors
12 SUPREME COURT             12 SUPREME COURT
14 "BAR ROOM"                14 Bar Room
15 Cyberlaw


Literary Forum+              CIS:LITFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Litforum General           1 General/Reviews       1
 2 Markets/Self-Pub.          2 Market Maneuvers      2 To be announced
 3 Julia Kendall              3 WotM!                 3 COnference Channel
 4 YouthLit/Learning          4 YouthLit/Learning     4 BOOKSELLERS CO ROOM
 5 Journalism/Non-Fict        5 Journalism            5 Just For Chats
 6 Fiction                    6 Fiction               6 [to be assigned]
 8 Comics & Humor             8 Comics and Humor      7 [to be announced]
 9 Stage & Screen             9 Screen and Stage
10 Speculative Fiction       10 Speculative Fiction
11 Poetry & Lyrics           11 Poetry/Lyrics
12 Mystery & Suspense        12 Mystery & Romance
13 Art of Writing            13 Art of Writing
14 Literary Exercises        14 Literary Exercises
15 Censorship & Essays       15 Censorship/Essays
16 Writers' Tools            16 Writers' Tools
17 Romance/Historical        17 Prose by the Pros!


Living History Forum+        CIS:LIVING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 On Living History          1 On Living History     3 Renaissance Faire!
 2 Antiquity                  2 Antiquity             9 Online Combat
 3 Medieval/Renaiss.          3 Medieval/Renaiss.    10 The Classroom
 4 Reform./Revolution         4 Reform./Revolution   11 Bardic Circle
 5 Civil War/Frontier         5 Civil War/Frontier   15 SCA [Medieval/Ren]
 6 Victorian/Edwardian        6 Victorian/Edwardian  16 Other LH Groups
 7 Twentieth Century          7 Twentieth Century    17 LH Software
 8 Native Amer./Other         8 Native Amer./Other   18 General Conference
 9 Arms and Armour            9 Arms and Armour
10 Arts and Sciences         10 Arts and Sciences
11 Bardic/Shakespeare        11 Bardic/Shakespeare
12 Garb and Costuming        12 Garb and Costuming
13 Controversies!            13 Controversies!
14 Business/Industry         14 Business/Industry
15 SCA [Medieval/Ren]        15 SCA [Medieval/Ren]
16 CW/RenFaire/F&I/Etc       16 CW/RenFaire/F&I/Etc
17 LH Software               17 LH Software


Logitech Forum+              CIS:LOGITECH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Mouse in DOS               1 Mouse Products        8 3D Devices
 2 Mouse in Windows           2 Sound Products
 3 Macintosh Products         3 ScanMan Family
 4 ScanMan 256                4 Logitech OCR S/W
 5 All Other Scanners         5 MAC Products
 6 Sound Products             6 Announcements
 7 FotoMan                    7 General Information
 8 Suggestions                8 3D Devices
 9 Cyberman
10 Other 3D Devices


LOGO Forum+                  CIS:LOGOFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 Logo News                  0 Logo News             1 Turtle News
 1 Simulations                1 Simulations           2 Just Hatched
 2 Logo Projects              2 Logo Projects         3 Off The Computer
 3 Turtle Adventures          3 Turtle Adventures     4 TURTLE ADVENTURES
 4 Logo Tool Kit              4 Logo Tool Kit         5 LOGO TOOL KIT
 5 Schemers                   5 Schemers              6 Other Than Logo
 6 Demos & Tutorials          6 Demos & Tutorials     7 Logo Library
 7 Mathland                   7 Mathland              8 LOGO DEMOS
 8 Object Logo                8 Object Logo           9 LOGO AND AI
 9 Fun & Games                9 Fun & Games          10 Kid's Corner
10 Looking at Lists          10 Looking at Lists     11 SYSOP
11 Public Domain/SWare       11 Freeware/Shareware
12 Terrapin                  12 Terrapin
13 Harvard Associates        13 Harvard Associates
14 LCSI                      14 LCSI
15 Open                      15 Open
16 Open                      16 Open


Lotus Communications Forum+  CIS:LOTUSCOMM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Notes Install              2 Notes Tech Info       2 Notes
 3 Notes DB Design            3 Notes Wrkstn/DB       3 cc:Mail
 4 Notes Workstation          4 Notes Server/Net
 5 Notes Server               5 Notes API/Dev
 6 Notes Net Config           6 Notes 3rd Party
 7 Notes API/Dev              7 Notes Applications
 8 Notes 3rd Party            8 Notes Des Contest
10 cc:Mail Platform           9 Want Ads
11 cc:Mail Mobile            10 cc:Mail Platform
12 cc:Mail Router            11 cc:Mail Mobile
13 cc:Mail Ext Gates         12 cc:Mail Router
14 cc:Mail 3rd Party         13 cc:Mail Ext Gates
15 cc:Mail VIM/IE            14 cc:Mail 3rd Party
16 cc:Mail Admin             15 cc:Mail VIM/IE
                             16 cc:Mail Admin


Lotus GmbH Forum+            CIS:LOTGER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Allg. Informationen        1 Lotus News            1 Lotus Open Bar
 2 Lotus DOS-Produkte         2 Allg. Informationen   2 Lotus Konferenzen
 3 Lotus Windows-Prod.        3 Lotus DOS-Produkte
 4 Lotus OS/2-Produkte        4 Lotus Windows-Prod.
 5 Lotus UNIX-Produkte        5 Lotus OS/2-Produkte
 8 Lotus Notes                6 Lotus UNIX-Produkte
 9 Lotus cc:Mail              7 Notes & cc:Mail
11 Lotus Software             8 TechInfos Deutsch
12 Lotus Open Bar             9 TechInfos English
                             11 Lotus Software
                             12 Lotus Open Bar


Mac Applications Forum+      CIS:MACAP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New Uploads                0 UPLOAD HERE           1 Informal COs
 1 Forum Business             1 Help Files            2 Formal COs
 2 Word Processing            2 Word Processing
 3 Databases                  3 Databases
 4 Spreadsheets/Models        4 Spreadsheets/Models
 5 Accounting/Finance         5 Accounting/Finance
 6 General Business           6 Gen. Business/PIMs
 7 Desktop Publishing         7 DTP Templates
 8 Multimedia                 8 Multimedia
 9 Art Hints/Tips             9 Graphics Tools
10 Art and Design            10 MacPaintings (B&W)
11 PIMs (Personal DBs)       11 Illustrations (B&W)
14 Engineering/CAD           12 Color Artwork
15 Mac Lawyers               13 RLE/GIF Images
16 Science/Engineering       14 Engineering/CAD
                             15 Misc. Applications
                             16 Science/Engineering


Mac A Vendor Forum+          CIS:MACAVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Business        1 Forum Business
 2 Portfolio Software         2 Portfolio Software    2 Portfolio Systems
 3 Nisus Software             3 Nisus Software        3 Paragon Concepts
 4 CE Software                4 CE Software           4 CE Software
 5 DeltaPoint                 5 DeltaPoint            5 Deltapoint
 6 Daystar Digital            6 Daystar Digital       6 Daystar Digital
 7 Mainstay                   7 Mainstay              7 Mainstay
 8 Connectix                  8 Connectix             8 Connectix
 9 Survivor Software          9 Survivor Software     9 Survivor Software
11 Ex Machina Inc.           11 Ex Machina Inc.      11 Ex Machina Inc.
13 MicroMat                  13 MicroMat             13 MicroMat
14 available                 14 available            15 TENpoint0/Activis'n
15 TENpointO/Activis'n       15 TENpointO/Activis'n  16 Articulate Systems
16 Articulate Systems        16 Articulate Systems   17 n/a


Mac B Vendor Forum+          CIS:MACBVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Business        1 Forum Business
 2 GCC Technologies           2 GCC Technologies      2 GCC Technologies
 3 Altsys Corp.               3 Altsys Corp.          3 Altsys Corp.
 4 Jasik Designs              4 Jasik Designs         4 Jasik Designs
 5 Berkeley Systems           5 Berkeley Systems      5 Berkeley Systems
 6 Olduvai Corp.              6 Olduvai Corp.         6 Olduvai Corp.
 7 Software Ventures          7 Software Ventures     7 Software Ventures
 8 E-Machines                 8 E-Machines            8 E-Machines
 9  T/Maker Inc.              9  T/Maker Inc.         9 T/Maker Inc.
10 Working Software          10 Working Software     10 Working Software
11 Microseeds Pub.           11 Microseeds Pub.      11 Microseeds Pub.
12 Component Software        12 Component Software   12 Component Software
13 Opcode Systems            13 Opcode Systems       13 Opcode Systems
14 Radius Inc.               14 Radius Inc.          14 Radius Inc.
15 Deneba Software           15 Deneba Software      15 Deneba Software
16 SuperMac Technology       16 SuperMac Technology  16 Software Ventures
17 TACTIC Software           17 TACTIC Software      17 SuperMac Technology
                                                     18 TACTIC Software


Mac C Vendor Forum+          CIS:MACCVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 General Conferences
 2 Aladdin Systems            2 Aladdin Systems       2 Aladdin Systems
 3 Baseline Publishing        3 Baseline Publishing   3 Baseline Publishing
 4 Inline Software            4 Inline Software       4 Inline Software
 5 Avatar Corp.               5 Avatar Corp.          5 Avatar Corp.
 6 CoStar                     6 CoStar                6 CoStar
 7 TMS Peripherals            7 TMS Peripherals       7 TMS Peripherals
 8 Iomega Corp.               8 Iomega Corp.          8 Iomega Corp.
 9 Softsync, Inc.             9 Softsync, Inc.        9 SoftSync Corp.
10 Farallon                  10 Farallon             10 Farallon
11 Alysis                    11 Alysis               11 Alysis
13 Mirror Technologies       13 Mirror Technologies  13 Mirror Technologies
14 Virtus Corp.              14 Virtus Corp.         14 Virtus Corp.


Mac D Vendor Forum+          CIS:MACDVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 MacTech Magazine           2 MacTech Magazine      2 MacTech Magazine
 3 Atticus                    3 Atticus               3 Atticus
 4 Teknosys                   4 Teknosys              4 Teknosys
 5 TidBITS Magazine           5 TidBITS Magazine      5 TidBITS Magazine
 6 Mercury Systems            6 Mercury Systems       6 Mercury Systems
 7 Digital Eclipse            7 Digital Eclipse       7 Digital Eclipse
 8 Micronet                   8 Micronet              8 Micronet
 9 Advanced Software          9 Advanced Software     9 Advanced Software
10 Advanced Gravis           10 Advanced Gravis      10 Advanced Gravis
11 Helix Technologies        11 Helix Technologies   11 Helix Technologies
12 Insignia Solutions        12 Insignia Solutions   12 Insignia Solutions
13 Applied Engineering       13 Applied Engineering  13 Applied Engineering
16 Focus Enhancements        16 Focus Enhancements   16 Focus Enhancements
17 Leader Technologies       17 Leader Technologies  17 Leader Technologies


Mac CIM Support Forum(FREE)  CIS:MCIMSUP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 General Questions          1 General Information
 2 Common Solutions           2 Support Files
 3 Install/Upgrade            3 User Contributions
 4 Modems/Hardware            4 Scripts (CCLs)
 5 Forums
 6 Mail
 7 Filing Cabinet
 8 Printing
 9 Online Services
10 Terminal Emulation
16 European Support
17 Suggestions


Mac Communications Forum+    CIS:MACCOMM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Library Questions          0 UPLOAD HERE           1 Informal COs
 1 Forum Bus./General         1 Help Files            2 Formal COs
 2 CIS Navigator              2 CIS Navigator
 3 Term Programs              3 Scripts/Tools
 4 Communication Utils        4 Comm Progs/Utils
 5 Hardware                   5 Hardware
 6 FAX                        6 FAX
 7 Local Area Nets            7 Networking
 8 Talking To PCs             8 Talking To PCs
 9 BBS Systems                9 BBS Systems
10 Using CompuServe          10 Using CompuServe
11 Apple Remote Access       11 Apple Remote Access
12 Macintosh and ISDN        12 Macintosh and ISDN


Mac Community/Club Forum+    CIS:MACCLUB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Library Questions          0 UPLOAD HERE           1 Informal COs
 1 Forum Business             1 Help Files            2 Formal COs
 2 About Apple                2 Community Square
 3 Community Square           3 Parties/Cons
 4 Parties/Cons               4 Resumes
 5 The Rumour Mill            5 Community Pix
 6 Classified                 6 Community Bios
 7 Employment Wanted          7 Archived Threads
 8 Employment Offered         8 Magazines/Reviews
 9 New Products               9 Classifieds
10 About Computing           10 Meet MONDO 2000
11 Political Issues          11 About Apple
12 MacWomen/Men              14 HINDSIGHTS
13 NOT About The Mac
14 HINDSIGHTS


Mac Developers Forum+        CIS:MACDEV

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Library Questions          0 UPLOAD HERE           1 Informal Discussion
 1 Forum Bus./General         1 Help Files            2 Formal Discussion
 2 BASIC                      2 BASIC
 3 Assembly Language          3 Assembly Language
 4 C and Pascal               4 C and Pascal
 5 Object Oriented            5 Object Oriented
 6 Other Languages            6 Other Languages
 7 Inside Macintosh           7 Apple System Tools
 8 Programming System7        8 Apple System Files
 9 Dev. Environments          9 Dev. Environments
10 Scripting Month           10 Scripting Month
11 Learn Programming         11 Learn Programming
12 A/UX                      12 A/UX
13 Tools/Debuggers           13 Tools/Debuggers


Mac Entertainment Forum+     CIS:MACFUN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Library Questions          0 UPLOAD HERE           2 Community Square
 1 Forum Bus./General         1 Help Here             3 Formal CO's/Meets
 2 Arcade/Action Games        2 Arcade/Action Games   4 General
 3 Adventure Games            3 Adventure/War Games   5 General
 4 Board/Card/Ed Games        4 Board/Card/Ed Games   6 General
 5 Game Design                5 Game Aids/AddOns      7 General
 6 Mac'ing Music              6 Sound Utilities       8 General
 7 Mac'ing Music MIDI         7 Movie Sounds          9 General
 8 Music Hints/Tips           8 SciFi Sounds         10 General
 9 About Sounds               9 TV Sounds            11 General
10 PML Football Field        10 Other Sounds         12 General
11 Other Tournaments         11 Music
12 Wargaming                 12 Education
13 Flight Simulation         13 Glamour Paintings
                             14 Glamour Illust.
                             15 Tourneys/FlightSims
                             16 Pre 1990 Games


Mac Hypertext Forum+         CIS:MACHYPER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Library Questions          0 UPLOAD HERE           2 Community Square
 1 Forum Business             1 Help Here             3 Formal CO's/Meets
 2 Community Square           2 Games                 4 General
 3 Just "Browsing"            3 Education             5 General
 4 Stack Ideas                4 Music and Sound       6 General
 5 HyperTalk Language         5 Art: Clip and Fine!   7 General
 6 The HyperArtist            6 Reference Stacks      8 General
 7 XCMDs & Adv. Tech.         7 "Home"/Utilities      9 General
 8 Stack Support              8 Misc. Stacks         10 General
 9 SuperCard                  9 HyperMagazines
10 Other Hypertext SW        10 Adv. HyperTalk
11 HyperStudio/App II        11 XCMDs & XFCNs
12 Xpert Alley               12 Non-HC Hypertext
                             13 R-Rated Stacks
                             14 Personal Databases
                             15 SuperCard
                             16 Xpert Alley


Mac New Users Help Forum+    CIS:MACNEW

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 MacNew Uploads             0 UPLOAD HERE           1 Informal COs
 1 Forum Business             1 Help Files            2 Formal COs
 2 Using Forums               2 Using Forums
 3 Using Libraries            3 Using LIBs
 4 Guide To MAUG              4 MAUG Guide
 5 Disk Clinic                5 Disk Tools
 6 Virus Clinic               6 Anti-Virus Tools
 7 System Clinic              7 System Tools
 8 International MAUG         8 Guest/CO Archives
 9 General and Misc.


Macintosh Hardware Forum+    CIS:MACHW

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New Uploads                0 UPLOAD HERE           1 Informal COs
 1 Forum/Gen. Business        1 Help Files            2 Formal COs
 2 Classic Macs               2 The Classic/SE
 3 Modular Macs               3 Modular Macs
 4 Quadras                    4 The Quadra
 5 PowerBook/Portables        5 The PowerBook
 6 Performas                  7 The Performas
 7 n/a                        8 Early Macs
 8 Early Macs                 9 Disks/Storage
 9 Disks/Storage             10 Printers/Output
10 Printers/Output           11 Scanners/Input
11 Scanners/Input            12 Monitors/Video
12 Monitors/Video            13 Other Hardware
13 Other Hardware
14 HOT TOPIC: NEW MACS
16 Off The Subject


Macintosh Multimedia Forum+  CIS:MACMULTI

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New Uploads                0 Upload Here           1 Formal Room
 1 Forum Business             1 Help Files
 2 Community Square           2 Video Equipment
 3 Video Hardware             3 Home Movies (QT)
 4 Video Software             4 Art/Animation (QT)
 5 Quicktime                  5 Video Clips (QT)
 6 Interface Ideas            6 Misc QuickTime (QT)
 7 Sound Advice               7 QuickTime Tools
 8 Art Hints/Tips             8 HyperCard Tools
 9 Combining Media            9 Sound Tools
10 HyperCard Design          10 Paint/Draw Tools
11 Presentation S'ware       11 Glamour Films (QT)
12 Multimedia Devlprs        12 Projs/Presentations
13 Other Hardware            13 Templates
14 Miscellaneous             14 Misc. Multimedia
15 BEGINNER'S SECTION        15 BEGINNER'S LIBRARY


Macintosh Systems Forum+     CIS:MACSYS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 New Uploads                0 UPLOAD HERE           1 Informal COs
 1 Forum/Gen. Business        1 Help Files            2 Formal COs
 2 System 6 Specific          2 System 6 Specific
 3 INITs/Extensions           3 INITs/Extensions
 4 Control Panels             4 Control Panels
 5 DAs/FKEYs                  5 DAs/FKEYs
 6 Fonts                      6 Fonts
 7 Utilities                  7 Utilities
 8 System Conflicts           8 System Conflicts
 9 Aliasing/Icons             9 Aliases/Icons
10 Publish/Subscribe         10 Miscellaneous
11 File Sharing/Nets         11 Desktop Decoration
12 QuickTime                 12 QuickTime
13 EMERGENCY Help!           13 EMERGENCY Toolkit
14 Using The System          14 Using The System
15 HOT TOPIC-SYS 7 PRO       16 EASTER EGG HUNT
16 EASTER EGG HUNT!


MacNav Support Forum(FREE)   CIS:MNAVSUPPORT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information
 2 Forums                     2 Forums
 3 CompuServe Mail            3 CompuServe Mail
 4 Manual Mode/Scripts        4 Manual Mode/Scripts
 5 Session Parameters         5 Session Parameters
 6 Navigator Tips             6 Navigator Tips
 7 Suggestions                7 Suggestions
 8 Problem Reports            8 Problem Reports
 9 Hardware/Modems            9 Hardware/Modems
10 Navigator Faces           10 Face Files Help
11 Navigator Patches         11 Navigator Patches


Macromedia Forum+            CIS:MACROMEDIA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room
 2 Director/Players           2 Director/Players
 3 Authorware/Star            3 Authorware/Star
 4 Action/ClipMedia           4 Action/ClipMedia
 5 3D/Modeling/MMaker         5 3D/Modeling/MMaker
 6 Sound Products             6 Sound Products
 7 Product Wish Lists         7 Product Wish Lists
                              8 XObjects/XCMDS/UCDS
                              9 Dev Conference


MacUser Forum+               ZMC:MACUSER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 Forum Business             1 Special Reports       1 The Auditorium
 1 Letters to Editor          2 Shareware Awards      2 Informal Discussions
 2 Mac Issues                 3 MacUser Utilities
 3 Software                   5 Selected Articles
 4 Hardware
 5 Personal Mac
 6 Desktop Publishing
 7 Power Tools
 8 The Kitchen Table
 9 Computing & Tech.
10 Bridges
11 Mobile Mac
12 Expo Central


MacWEEK Forum+               ZMC:MACWEEK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Feedback to MacWEEK        1 MacWEEK Info Files    1 MacWEEK Conference
 2 MacWEEK Round Table        2 MacWEEK Articles
 3 MacWEEK Articles           3 Special Supplement
 4 In Depth                   4 Background Info
 8 Not About Macs             5 Short Reports
 9 Heated Debates             6 Benchmarking


Markt & Technik AG Forum+    CIS:MUT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum-Neuigkeiten          1 WINDOWS-Progs/Tools   1 Diskussionsrunde
 2 Neue Mitglieder            2 DOS-Programme/Tools
 3 Redaktionstreff            3 WIN+DOS-Kombi-Progs
 4 Neue Dateien               4 OS/2
 5 Hardware                   5 Amiga, Atari, Mac
 6 Shareware                  6 DFUe, Telekommunik.
 7 DOS                        7 Grafik: Prgs+Bilder
 8 Windows                    8 Multimedia, Anim.
 9 OS/2                       9 Buecher/Zeitschrft.
10 Datenbanken               10 Texte, Infos, Tips
11 Tintenfass                11 PLZ-Umstellung
12 Power Play                12 OzCIS-Europa-Treff
13 DFU/Netzwerke             13 ComputerPersoenlich
14 Kunterbunt                14 BETA-Phasen - Progs
15 Biete/Suche/Tausche       15 Tintenfass
16 Raten und gewinnen!       16 Raten und gewinnen!
                             17 Power Play


Masonry Forum+               CIS:MASONRY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Collation & Chats          1 Help Files            1 Formal COs
 2 History/Symbolism          2 Masonic Programs      2 Informal COs
 3 Blue Lodge Mngmnt          3 Graphics/Art          3 Informal COs
 4 York Rite                  4 Articles/Text Files
 5 Scottish Rite              5 SCRL
 6 The Shrine                 6 MSA/Short Talks
 7 TCL/Grotto                 7 The Philalethes
 8 OES/Amaranth
 9 Youth Groups
10 Other Bodies
11 Philalethes/CCC
12 Books/Magazines
13 Becoming A Mason
14 Masonry & Computers
15 Masonic Metaphysics
16 SCRL
17 Masonic Homes


McAfee Virus Forum+          CIS:VIRUSFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Virus Q&A                  1 McAfee Anti-Viral     1 Virus Fighters
 2 McAfee Support             2 3rd Party Add-Ons
 5 Virus News & Views         3 Other Anti-Viral
 6 AntiVirusProducts          4 Utilities
 7 NCSA Section               5 Text/General Files
 9 LAN Virus Issues           6 NCSA Library
10 The Bit Bucket             7 Biographies
11 VSUM Section


MECA Software Forum+         CIS:MECA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 MECA Classics              1 General Info          1 Public Discussions
 2 MYM 10 - Money             2 Product Info          2 Public Discussions
 3 MYM 10 - Pfol+Nwrth        3 Press Releases        3 Public Discussions
 4 MYM 10 - Other             4 IBM - MYM Q & A       4 Organized Confrncs
 5 MYM 9 All Topics           5 Newsletters
 6 MYM 1-8 (DOS)              6 MYM (DOS) Utilities
 7 TaxCut Win + CD Rom        8 IBM Taxcut
 8 TaxCut Dos                10 Mac Taxcut
 9 Wish List: All            11 MAC - MYM Q & A
10 TaxCut Macintosh          14 Customer Service
11 MAC - MYM                 15 Demos and Shareware
13 Money Talks
14 Customer Sales/Info


Medsig Forum+                CIS:MEDSIG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Profess.           1 General               1 MedSIG CO
 2 Office Computing           2 Office Computing
 3 Clinical/Consulting        3 Clinical Consulting
 4 Students/Employment        4 Students/Employment
 5 FP/Ped/OB-GYN              5 FP/Ped/OB-GYN
 6 Subspecialties             6 Subspecialties
 7 CCM/EM/Pre-Hosp            7 CCM/EM/Pre-Hosp
 8 Nursing                    8 Nursing
 9 Journal Club/CPC           9 Journal Club/CPC
10 Science/Bioethics         10 Science/Bioethics
11 Informatics               11 Informatics
12 Health Policy/Legal       12 Health Policy/Legal
13 Dental                    13 Dental
14 TQM/QI/MedRecord          14 TQM/QI/MedRecord
15 PA                        15 PA
16 Mental Health             16 Mental Health
17 The Lounge                17 The Lounge


Mensa Forum+                 CIS:MENSA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 About Mensa                1 About Mensa           1 About Mensa
 2 Testing/Research           2 Testing/Research      2 Testing/Research
 3 Hospitality Suite          3 Hospitality Suite     3 Hospitality Suite
 4 Gifted Children            4 Gifted Children       4 Gifted Children
 5 Educ/Scholarships          5 Educ/Scholarships     5 Educ/Scholarships
 6 Reading/Literacy           6 Reading/Literacy      6 Reading/Literacy
 7 Science/Technology         7 Science/Technology    7 Science/Technology
 8 The Arts                   8 The Arts              8 The Arts
 9 Politics/Econ              9 Politics/Econ         9 Politics/Econ
10 Personally Speaking       10 Personally Speaking  10 Personally Speaking
11 Gatherings & Events       11 Gatherings & Events  11 Gatherings & Events
12 Interest Groups           12 Interest Groups      12 Interest Groups
13 Puns/Jokes/Puzzles        13 Puns/Jokes/Puzzles   13 Puns/Jokes/Puzzles
15 Editors' Assistant        15 Editors' Assistant   15 Editors' Assistant


Micro Focus Forum+           CIS:MICROFOCUS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 The Book Shop              1 The Book Shop         1 Conference Room 1
 2 Academic Forum             2 Academic Forum
 3 Personal COBOL             3 Personal COBOL
 4 DOS/WIN/OS2 Support        4 ICD's
 5 Mainframe Support          5 Product Updates
 6 SQL Support                6 Samples/Examples 1
 7 Client/Server Sup.         7 Samples/Examples 2
 8 Cross Platform Sup.        8 UNIX Examples
 9 UNIX Product Sup.          9 UNIX Terminfo Files
10 M. F. User Groups         10 User Group Library
11 Announcements             11 Product Info
12 The COBOL Language        12 Training Info
13 Open Discussion           13 Technical Papers


Micrografx Forum+            CIS:MICROGRAFX

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Getting Started            1 Getting Started       1 Micrografx at Home
 2 Announcements              2 Announcements         2 Designer
 3 Micrografx at Home         3 Micrografx at Home    3 Picture Publisher
 4 Designer                   4 Designer              4 Charisma
 5 Picture Publisher          5 Picture Publisher     5 Graphics Works
 6 Charisma                   6 Charisma              6 Windows Draw
 7 Graphics Works             7 Graphics Works        7 ABC Flow/SnapGrafx
 8 Windows Draw               8 Windows Draw
 9 ABC Flow/SnapGrafx         9 ABC Flow/SnapGrafx
10 Service Bureaus           10 Service Bureaus
11 Customer Service          11 Customer Service
12 Micrografx SIG's          12 Micrografx SIG's
13 Clipart/Photo/Fonts       13 Clipart/Photo/Fonts
14 Miscellaneous             14 Miscellaneous


Microrim Forum+              CIS:MICRORIM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General News               1 General News          1 Conference Room 1
 2 R:BASE                     2 R:BASE                2 R:BASE
 3 Forms                      3 Forms                 4 Companion Products
 4 Companion Products         4 Companion Products    5 In The Black
 5 In The Black               5 In The Black          6 SQL Engine
 6 SQL Query/Connect          6 SQL Query/Connect     7 Other Tools
 7 Other Tools                7 Other Tools           8 R & D
 8 R&D Suggestion Box         8 R&D Suggestion Box    9 Support Services
 9 Support Services           9 Support Services
10 Other Products            10 Other Products
11 Third Party Info          11 Third Party Info
12 Runtime/App Dist          12 Runtime/App Dist
13 ITB - In The Black        13 ITB - In The Black


Microsoft Access Forum+      CIS:MSACCESS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Getting Started            1 Getting Started       1 Conference Room
 2 Tables/DB Design           2 Tables/DB Design
 3 Queries                    3 Queries
 4 Forms                      4 Forms
 5 Reports/Printing           5 Reports/Printing
 6 Macros                     6 Macros
 7 Mastering Modules          7 Mastering Modules
 8 Import/Export              8 Import/Export
 9 Multi-User/Networks        9 Multi-User/Networks
10 OLE/DDE                   10 OLE/DDE
11 ODBC Connectivity         11 ODBC Connectivity
12 Security                  12 Security
13 Setup                     13 Setup
14 Suggestions/Mktg.         14 Suggestions/Mktg.
15 3rd Party/User Grp        15 3rd Party/User Grp
16 ADK/Runtime               16 ADK/Runtime


Microsoft BASIC Forum+       CIS:MSBASIC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 MS Info and Index     1 CO Room 1
 2 Setup Wizard/Kit           2 Setup Wizard/Kit
 3 Data Access Objects        3 Data Access Objects
 4 The Data Control           4 The Data Control
 5 Programming Issues         5 Programming Issues
 6 ODBC Connectivity          6 ODBC Connectivity
 7 SQL Queries                7 SQL Queries
 8 ProEdition Controls        8 ProEdition Controls
 9 Calling API's/DLL's        9 Calling API's/DLL's
10 Using OLE/DDE             10 VBWIN-ODBC/Database
11 MSCOMM control            11 MSCOMM control
12 MCI/MAPI controls         12 MCI/MAPI controls
13 DOS Visual Basic          13 DOS Visual Basic
14 DOS and Mac Basic         14 DOS and Mac Basic
15 Suggestions/Mktg.         15 Suggestions/Mktg.
16 CDK                       16 CDK
17 3rd Party Products        17 3rd Party Products


Microsoft CE Systems Forum+  CIS:MSCESYSTEM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Allgemeine Infos           1 Allgemeine Infos      1 Konferenzraum
 2 MS C/C++                   2 Samples
 3 MS Basic                   3 System Journal
 4 Weitere Sprachen           4 Win NT Infos
 5 Win NT Install             5 Languages Info
 6 Win 16 (SDK, DDK)          6 Problem Report
 7 Win 32 (SDK, DDK)          7 Tools/Patches
 8 Win Extensions             8 Netzwerk Info
10 LAN Manager                9 Win32 SDK beta
11 SQL Server                16 DFPUG
13 MS Mail u. Gateways       17 WUG
16 DFPUG
17 WUG


Microsoft Central Europe Forum+ CIS:MSCE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Allgemeine Infos           1 Allgemeine Infos      1 Konferenzraum 1
 2 MS DOS                     2 Treiber Service
 3 MS Windows/WFW             3 Technische Infos
 5 MS Word f. Windows         4 Beispiele
 6 MS Word f. DOS             5 Sonstiges
 7 MS Excel                   6 East Europe
 8 MS Works                  15 MS Datenbanken
 9 MS Project
10 MS Publisher
11 MS MAC-Software
12 MS Money
14 MS FoxPro
15 MS Access
17 Feedback an MS


Microsoft DevCast Forum+     CIS:DEVCAST

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 DevCast1 May 14, 93        2 DevCast1 May 14, 93
 3 DevCast2 Aug 31, 93        3 DevCast2 Aug 31, 93
 4 DevCast3 Dec  9, 93        4 DevCast3 Dec  9, 93
 5 DevCast4 Mar 30, 94        5 DevCast4 Mar 30, 94
 6 DevCast5                   6 DevCast5


Microsoft Excel Forum+       CIS:MSEXCEL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Info/News            1 Index and Info        1 Excel Conf Room
 2 Excel Setup                2 Excel for the Mac
 3 MS Office Setup            3 Excel for the PC
 4 VBA for Excel              4 Excel for PM
 5 Excel Macros              13 Desktop III Prods
 6 Gen Functionality         17 EIS Pak
 7 Windows Environment
 8 Mac Environment
 9 NT/OS/2 Environment
13 MS Query Tool
14 EIS Pak Mac/Win


Microsoft Languages Forum+   CIS:MSLANG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Visual C++ Setup           1 MS Info and Index     1 MSLang Conf Room
 2 Microsoft C++              2 Microsoft C++
 3 Microsoft C                3 Microsoft C
 4 Assembler                  4 Assembler
 7 Workbench (PWB/VWB)        7 Workbench (PWB/VWB)
 9 App Studio                 9 App Studio
11 QC/QCWin                  11 QC/QCWin
12 CodeView/IDE Debug        12 CodeView/IDE Debug
13 FORTRAN                   13 FORTRAN
14 Non-Tech Info             14 NonTech Cust Serv
15 Developers Exchange       15 Developers Exchange
17 Utils/Link/Nmake          17 Utils/Link/Nmake


Microsoft Scenes Forum+      CIS:SCENES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Scenes Contest             1 Scenes Contest        1 Scenes CO Room
                              2 Scenes Pic Exchange


Microsoft TechNet Forum+     CIS:TNFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 WW Comments/Sugg           1 Index and Info        1 MS TechNet CO Room
 2 US                         2 TechNet Files
 3 Benelux                    3 TechEd
 4 Central Europe             4 MS Press Releases
 8 TechEd                    15 Gen/Admin
 9 TechNet Lib Cmnts         16 TechNet CD Prob Rpt
15 Gen/Admin                 17 Member Uploads
16 TechNet CD Prob Rpt


Microsoft WIN32 Forum+       CIS:MSWIN32

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Non-Tech Info              1 MS Info and Index     1 Win32s Conf. Room
 3 Far East Win32-beta        3 Far East Win32-beta
 4 API-User/GUI               4 API-User/GUI
 5 API-Graphics/GDI           5 API-Graphics/GDI
 6 API-Base/Console           6 API-Base/Console
 7 API-Security               7 API-Security
 8 Tools-Win32 SDK            8 Tools-Win32 SDK
 9 Tools-SCT                  9 Tools-SCT
10 Tools-MS Test/Setup       10 Tools-MS Test/Setup
11 Porting-OS/2 & UNIX       11 Porting-OS/2 & UNIX
12 API-WinNet/RPC            12 API-WinNet/RPC
13 Windows NT DDK            13 Windows NT DDK
14 API-Win32s                14 API-Win32s
15 API-Unicode/NLS           15 API-Unicode/NLS
17 Unmonitored Chat          16 Tools-Third Party
                             17 FAQ Library


Microsoft Word Forum+        CIS:MSWORD

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 Index and Info        1 Word CO Room
 2 Word 2.0 Suprt: Win        2 Files from MS PSS
 3 Word Suggestions           4 Word for Windows
 4 Word 6.0 Suprt: Win        5 Word for the Mac
 5 Word Support: Mac          6 Word for DOS
 6 Word Support: DOS          7 Word for OS/2
 7 Word Support: OS/2        10 TT Master Set (Mac)
10 TT Master Set (Mac)       11 Word Asst (Win/Mac)
11 Word Asst (Win/Mac)
12 Project Worktable
13 Discuss Word: Win
14 Discuss Word: Mac
15 Discuss Word: DOS
16 Discuss Word: OS/2


MicroStation Forum+          CIS:MSTATION

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 MicroStation User          1 MicroStation User     2 MicroStation User
 3 Programming                3 Programming           4 Programming
 4 Hardware                   4 Hardware             12 The Dialogue Box
 5 Marketing                  5 Marketing
 6 Change Requests           11 What's New
11 What's New                12 The Dialogue Box
12 The Dialogue Box


MIDI A Vendor Forum+         CIS:MIDIAVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Uploads       2 General CO Room
 2 Turtle Beach Sys           2 Turtle Beach Files    3 Formal Conference
 3 Twelve Tone Sys            3 Twelve Tone Files
 4 E-mu Systems               4 E-mu Files
 5 JLCooper                   5 JLCooper Files
 6 YC/Kurzweil                6 YC/Kurzweil Files
 7 Opcode Systems             7 Opcode Files
 8 Big Noise Software         8 Big Noise Software
 9 PG Music                   9 PG Music Files
10 Music Quest               10 Music Quest Files
11 Magnetic Music            11 Magnetic Music
12 Barefoot/Hybrid           12 Barefoot/Hybrid
13 Eventide                  13 Eventide Files
15 Animotion                 15 Animotion Files


MIDI B Vendor Forum+         CIS:MIDIBVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   2 Midiman
 2 Midiman                    2 Midiman files         3 Cool Shoes
 3 Cool Shoes Software        3 Cool Shoes files      4 Mackie
 4 Mackie Designs             4 Mackie Design files
 5 Coda Music Tech.           5 Coda Music Tech.
 6 Covox                      6 Covox files
 7 Lexicon                    7 Lexicon Files
 8 Sweetwater Sound           8 Sweetwater Sound
 9 Live Sound!                9 Live Sound!
11 Passport Designs          11 Passport Designs
12 Media Vision              12 Media Vision
14 Mark IV Pro Audio         14 Mark IV Pro Audio
15 Temporal Acuity           15 Temporal Acuity
16 WinJammer Software        16 WinJammer Software
17 Musitek                   17 Musitek


MIDI C Vendor Forum+         CIS:MIDICVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Section            1 General Library       1 Conference Room 1
 2 MediaTech Innovatns        2 MediaTech Files
 3 AVM Technology             3 AVM Files
 4 Blue Ribbon                4 Blue Ribbon files
 5 Howling Dog                5 Howling Dog Files
 6 Soundcraft                 6 Soundcraft Files
 7 Innovative Qual SW         7 Innovative Qual SW
 8 Steinberg/Jones            8 Steinberg Files
 9 Dr. T's                    9 Dr. T's Files
10 Thoughtprocessors         10 Thoughtprocessors
11 DrumTrax                  11 DrumTrax Files
12 MOTU                      12 MOTU Files
13 Roland Corp.              13 Roland Corp. Files
14 Sound Deals               14 Sound Deals
15 Midi Solutions            15 Midi Solutions
16 Asystem                   16 Asystem Files
17 OSC                       17 OSC Files


MIDI/Music Forum+            CIS:MIDIFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 New Uploads           2 General Forum
 2 Synths/Samplers/FXs        2 Basics & Prod Guide   3 One on one
 3 New to MIDI                3 General MIDI Songs    4 Formal Conference
 4 Atari ST                   4 Atari Files
 5 Macintosh                  5 Macintosh Files
 6 Amiga                      6 Amiga/Other Lib
 7 MS DOS (IBM/compat)        7 MS DOS Files
 8 Pre-Owned Equipment        8 Classified Ads
 9 Composing/Editing          9 Patches / Samples
10 Recording/Audio           10 MIDI Song Files
11 Windows Media Sound       11 Windows Media Sound
12 MIDI Controllers          12 Seq Specific Songs
13 Music Discussions         13 MS DOS Demos
14 Guit/Drum/AcousInst       14 Guit/Drum/AcousInst
15 Sound Cards               15 Sound Card Files
16 Video Sound               16 Recording/Audio
17 TAPE Project              17 TAPE Project Files


Military Forum+              CIS:MILITARY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 General
 2 Veterans Advocate          2 Veterans Advocate
 3 Vietnam                    3 Vietnam
 4 WWII/Commemorative         4 WWII/Commemorative
 5 POW/MIA                    5 POW/MIA
 6 Military History           6 Military History
 7 Today's US Military        7 Today's US Military
 8 Reunions/Groups            8 Reunions/Groups
 9 Hot Topics                 9 Hot Topic
10 Open Mess "Club"          10 Open Mess
11 Weapon Systems            11 Weapon Systems
12 Military Graphics         12 Military Graphics
13 World Issues              13 World Issues
14 Computer Software         14 Computer Software
15 J-2 (Mil-Intel)           15 J-2 (Mil-Intel)
16 Reserve Officers          16 Reserve Officers
17 Civil War                 17 Civil War


Missing Children Forum(FREE) CIS:MISSING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 Forum Information          1 Forum Information
 2 Northeast                  2 Northeast
 3 Mid-Atlantic               3 Mid-Atlantic
 4 Southeast                  4 Southeast
 5 Midwest                    5 Midwest
 6 Northwest                  6 Northwest
 7 Southwest                  7 Southwest
 8 Canada/World               8 Canada/World
 9 Family Support             9 Family Support
10 Child Safety              10 Child Safety


Model Aviation Forum+        CIS:MODELNET

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 closed
 2 RC Flying                  2 RC Flying             2 RC Flying
 3 RC Helicopters             3 Club Index            3 RC Helicopters
 4 RC Soaring                 4 Hobby Store Index     5 RC Electric Flight
 5 RC Electric Flight         5 CL & FF Flying        6 RC Ducted Fan Jets
 6 RC Ducted Fan Jets         6 Newsletter Library    7 RC Cars and Boats
 7 RC Cars                    7 RC Cars and Boats     8 Sport Rocketry
 8 Sport Rocketry             8 Sport Rocketry        9 Static Modeling
 9 Static Modeling            9 Static Models        11 Computers
10 Control Line Flying       10 Sport Flyers Assn.   12 Chatter
11 Free Flight Flying        11 Computer Programs    14 Rocketry Assns
12 Chatter                   12 AMA                  18 General
13 Aircraft Assns            13 Contests/Events
14 Rocketry Assns            14 CON Archives
15 Frequencies and FCC       15 GIF Graphics Files
16 Computers/Software        16 Plans Library
17 Boat & Ship Models


Modem Games Forum+           CIS:MODEMGAMES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General/HELP Files    1 General
 2 Flight Sims & Games        2 Flight Sims & Games   2 TGIF CIM Classroom
 3 Submarine/Naval            3 Submarine/Naval       3 TGIF ASCII Classroo
 4 Tank Sims & Games          4 Tank Sims & Games
 5 Space Sims & Games         5 Space Sims & Games
 6 Strategy/Conquest          6 Strategy/Conquest
 7 Sports/Racing              7 Sports/Racing
 9 Board/Card Games           9 Board/Card Games
10 Arcade Games              10 Arcade Games
11 Other Modem Games         11 Other Modem Games
12 World Community           12 MTM Lobby Help
14 EMPIRE Tournament         13 Hardware Help
15 BBS/Network Games         14 Game Turns
                             15 BBS/Network Games


Modem Vendor Forum+          CIS:MODEMVENDOR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Supra Corporation          1 Supra Corporation     1 Conference Room 1
 2 Boca Research              2 Boca Research
 3 Global Village Comm        3 Global Village Comm
 4 US Robotics                4 US Robotics
 5 Telebit                    5 Telebit
 6 Multi-Tech Systems         6 Multi-Tech Systems
 7 PSI Integration            7 PSI Integration
 8 Zoom                       8 Zoom
 9 Megahertz                  9 Megahertz
10 Computer Periph.          10 Computer Periph.
11 The Complete PC           11 The Complete PC
12 National Semi.            12 National Semi.
13 ZyXEL                     13 ZyXEL
14 Prometheus                14 Prometheus


Motor Sports Forum+          CIS:RACING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Front Page/News            1 Front Page/News      18 General Conference
 2 IMSA Series                2 IMSA Series
 3 NASCAR & Stocks            3 NASCAR & Stocks
 4 PPG/Indy Cars/Lites        4 PPG/Indy Cars/Lites
 5 SCCA Pro Racing            5 SCCA Pro Racing
 6 NHRA/IHRA/Drags/LSR        6 NHRA/IHRA/Drags/LSR
 7 SCCA Road Race/Solo        7 SCCA/Road Race/Solo
 8 Oval Track                 8 Oval Track
 9 Rally & Off-Road           9 Rally & Off-Road
11 F-1/International         11 International/F-1
12 Motorcycle Racing         12 Motorcycle Racing
13 Soap Box/Contests         13 Soap Box/Contests
14 Motorcycling Topics       14 Motorcycle Topics
15 Karting/Karters           15 Karting/Karters
16 Motoring Topics           16 Motoring Topics


MS 32bit Languages Forum+    CIS:MSLNG32

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Visual C++ Setup           1 MS Info and Index     1 MSLang Conf Room
 2 Microsoft C++              2 Microsoft C++
 3 Microsoft C                3 Microsoft C
 4 Assembler                  4 Assembler
 7 Workbench (PWB/VWB)        7 Workbench (PWB/VWB)
 9 App Studio                 9 App Studio
11 QC/QCWin                  11 QC/QCWin
12 CodeView/IDE Debug        12 CodeView/IDE Debug
13 FORTRAN                   13 FORTRAN
14 Non-Tech Info             14 NonTech Cust Serv
15 Developers Exchange       15 Developers Exchange
17 Utils/Link/Nmake          17 Utils/Link/Nmake


MS Applications Forum+       CIS:MSAPP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 Index and Info        1 MSAPP Conf. Room
 2 PowerPoint                 2 PowerPoint
 3 Video for Windows          3 Video for Windows
 4 Win Sound System           4 Win Sound System
 5 Works for the Mac          5 Works for the Mac
 7 Windows Project            7 Windows Project
 8 Project for the Mac        8 Project for the Mac
 9 Works for the PC           9 Works for the PC
10 Works for Windows         10 Works for Windows
11 Mouse/Paintbrush          11 Mouse/Paintbrush
13 Publisher                 13 Publisher
15 Flight Simulator          14 NonTech Cust Serv
16 MS Multimedia Apps        15 Flight Simulator
17 Money                     16 MS Multimedia Apps
                             17 Money


MS Benelux Forum+            CIS:MSBF

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Access en FoxPro           1 Microsoft Access      1 Algemene discussies
 2 BASIC  talen               2 FoxBase en FoxPro
 3 C en C++                   3 BASIC talen
 4 Andere talen               4 C en C++
 5 MAPI,ODBC,AVI etc.         5 Andere talen
 6 Windows SDK's              6 MAPI,ODBC,AVI etc.
 7 Windows NT (WIN32)         7 Windows SDK
 8 Fox Centre BV              8 Windows NT
 9 Algemeen                   9 Produkt Informatie
11 Lemax Company B.V.        10 Algemeen
12 Non-technical             11 Fox Centre BV
13 Topic: controls           13 Lemax Company B.V.
                             14 Topic: Controls


MS Dev Network Forum+        CIS:MSDNLIB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Peer Help/Chat             1 New Uploads           1 Conference Room 1
 2 Non-tech Cust Serv         3 Technote Samples
 3 MSDN Suggestions           4 More Samples
 4 Dev. Library Help          5 3.1 SDK Samples
 5 Dev. Platform Help         6 Unsupported Tools
                              7 VxD-Lite, Mini-DDK
                              8 VB Technotes
                              9 Database Technotes
                             10 Windows Technotes
                             11 C/C++ Technotes
                             12 Network Technotes
                             13 WordBasic Technotes
                             14 Win NT/Win32
                             15 Gen./Admin.


MS DOS Forum+                CIS:MSDOS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 Index and Info        1 MS-DOS Conf Room
 2 Setup & Install            2 Setup & Install
 3 Hardware Issues            3 Hardware Issues
 4 Compatibility              4 Compatibility
 5 Networks                   5 Networks
 6 Commands/Utilities         6 Commands/Utilities
 7 DOS Shell                  7 DOS Shell
 8 BASIC Conversions          9 Shareware (MS-DOS)
 9 Shareware (MS-DOS)        10 Developers Exchange
10 Developers Exchange       11 Doublespace
11 Doublespace               12 Mem Mgt/Optimize
12 Mem Mgt/Optimize          15 Scandisk
13 Unmonitored Chat
14 Stacker Conversion
15 Scandisk


MS Fox Users Forum+          CIS:FOXUSER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 New Forum Users            1 MS Info and Index     1 Conference Room 1
 2 FoxPro Publications        2 FOXGANG
 3 Consultants Corner         3 Want Ads
 4 What's New
 5 Developers Exchange
 6 Fox User Groups
 7 Conventions/Events
 8 Chatter


MS France Forum+             CIS:MSFR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 2 Win32 SDK                  1 Generalites           1 Discussion generale
 3 Windows SDK                2 Win32 SDK
 4 Extensions Win SDK         3 Windows SDK
 5 Langage C/C++              4 Extensions Win SDK
 6 MFC                        5 Langage C/C++
 7 Windows NT                 6 MFC
 8 Lan Manager & NT AS        7 Windows NT
 9 Mail et passerelles        8 Lan Manager & NT AS
11 Relations dvpt             9 Mail et passerelles
                             11 Relations dvpt


MS Italy Forum+              CIS:MSITALY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Win32 SDK                  1 Win 32 SDK            1 MS Italy CO Room
 2 Win NT                     2 Win NT
 3 C/C++ - Windows SDK        3 C/C++ - Windows SDK
 4 Linguaggi Basic            4 Ling. Basic/VB
 5 Fox e Access               5 Fox e Access
 6 Altri Linguaggi            6 Altri Linguaggi
 7 Lan/SQL/Mail               7 Lan/SQL/Mail
 8 Applicativi Dos/Mac        8 Applicativi Dos/Mac
 9 Applicativi Windows        9 Applicativi Windows
10 Device Drivers            10 Device Drivers
11 Informazioni Comm         11 Informazioni Comm


MS Programming Apps Forum+   CIS:PROGMSA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 Index and Info        1 Prog MS Apps Room
 2 WordBasic                  2 WordBasic
 5 Excel SDK                  5 Excel SDK


MS Spain/Latin Amer Forum+   CIS:MSSP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Desarrollo Ms-DOS          1 Desarrollo Ms-DOS     1 MS Spain CO Room
 2 Desarrollo Windows         2 Desarrollo Windows
 3 Desarrollo Win32           3 Desarrollo Win32
 4 Cliente/Servidor           4 Cliente/Servidor
 5 Microsoft FoxPro           5 Microsoft FoxPro
 6 Microsoft Access           6 Microsoft Access
 7 DOS,Windows,WT.Grup        7 DOS,Windows,WT.Grup
 8 Windows NT                 8 Windows NT
 9 Aplicaciones Win           9 Aplicaciones Win
10 Aplicaciones Ms-DOS       10 Aplicaciones Ms-DOS
11 Multimedia                11 Multimedia
12 Forum: Sugeren/Info       12 Informac. General
13 Aplicac. Macintosh


MS SQL Server Forum+         CIS:MSSQL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 2 MS SQL Svr WinNT           1 Index and Info
 3 MS SQL Svr for OS/2        2 MS SQL Svr WinNT
 4 MS Program Toolkits        3 MS SQL Svr for OS/2
 5 ODBC Dvr for MS SQL        4 MS Program Toolkits
 6 MS SQL Front-Ends          5 ODBC Dvr for MS SQL
 7 Non-MS Front-Ends          6 MS SQL Front-Ends
 8 SQL Connectivty/NIK        7 Non-MS Front-Ends
15 SQL Beta SW Issues         8 SQL Connectivty/NIK
16 Non-Tech Info             15 SQL Beta SW Issues
                             16 NonTech Info\Posts


MS Sweden Forum+             CIS:MSSWE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Discussion         1 General information   1 Microsoft Sweden
 2 Forum News/Info.           2 Forum News/Info.
 3 Sales Support              3 Sales Support
 4 Events                     4 Events
 5 Microsoft Home             5 Microsoft Home
 6 Microsoft Office           6 Microsoft Office
 7 Microsoft Languages        7 Microsoft Languages
 8 Microsoft System           8 Microsoft System
 9 Microsoft Hardware         9 Microsoft Hardware
10 Microsoft Shop            10 Microsoft Shop
11 Microsoft News            11 Microsoft News


MS Win Multimedia Forum+     CIS:WINMM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Non-Tech Service           1 MS Index and Info     1 Conference Room 1
 2 MDK                        2 MDK
 4 Video for Windows          4 Video for Windows
 6 Viewer 2.0                 6 Viewer 2.0
 7 WinSndSys Dev.             7 WinSndSys Dev.
10 Developer Relations       10 Developer Relations
11 Third Party S/W           11 Third Party S/W


MS Windows Extensions Forum+  CIS:WINEXT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Non-Tech Info              1 MS Info and Index     1 WINEXT CO Room
 2 MS Test for Windows        2 MS Test for Windows
 3 TAPI SDK                   3 TAPI SDK
 4 WOSA/XRT                   4 WOSA/XRT
 5 WOSA/XFS                   5 WOSA/XFS
 6 MS Delta                   6 MS Delta
 7 Arabic/Hebrew SDK          7 Arabic/Hebrew SDK
 8 Pen SDK                    8 Pen SDK
 9 Far East SDK               9 Far East SDK
10 ODBC                      10 ODBC
11 ODBC Dsktop Drivers       11 ODBC Dsktop Drivers
15 WFW SDK                   13 Schedule+ Libraries
                             15 WFW SDK


MS Windows Forum+            CIS:MSWIN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 Index and Info        1 MS Windows CO Room
 2 Setup                      2 Setup
 3 Mouse                      3 Mouse
 4 Video/Display              4 Display Drivers
 5 Enhanced/Std Modes         5 Enhanced/Std Modes
 6 Swapfile/32 Bit Acc        6 Swapfile/32 Bit Acc
 7 Memory/Optimization        7 Memory Optimization
 8 SmartDrive                 8 SmartDrive
 9 Prog Mgr/File Mgr          9 Prog Mgr/File Mgr
10 MS Accessories/OLE        10 MS Accessories/OLE
11 MS-DOS Apps/PIFs          11 MS-DOS Apps/PIFs
12 Printing/Fonts/WPS        12 Printing/Fonts/WPS
13 Multimedia Ext/Serv       13 Multimedia Ext/Serv
14 Terminal/Comm             14 Terminal/Comm
15 Networks                  15 Networks
16 Microsoft Scenes          16 Microsoft Scenes


MS Windows Objects Forum+    CIS:WINOBJECTS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Non-Tech Info              1 MS Info and Index     1 Conference Room 1
 2 Component Obj Model        2 Component Obj Model
 3 Structured Storage         3 Structured Storage
 4 OLE:User Interface         4 OLE:User Interface
 5 OLE:Drag&Drop              5 OLE:Drag&Drop
 6 OLE:Naming/Monikers        6 OLE:Naming/Monikers
 7 OLE:Interop issues         7 OLE:Interop issues
 8 OLE:Automation             8 OLE:Automation
12 OLE:Mac issues            12 OLE:Mac issues
13 OLE 1 issues              13 OLE 1 issues
14 OLE:MFC                   17 Strategic Issues
17 Strategic Issues


MS Windows SDK Forum+        CIS:WINSDK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Non-Tech Info              1 MS Info and Index     1 Conference Room 1
 2 USER-Dlgs/Controls         3 Public Utilities
 3 USER-Msgs/Hooks/DDE        4 Training
 4 USER-Menus/MDI             5 USER
 5 USER-Misc. Topics          6 Common Dialogs
 6 Common Dialogs             7 Printing
 7 GDI-Printing/Fonts         9 GDI
 8 GDI-BMPs/CURs/ICOs        10 KERNEL-Memory Mgmt.
 9 GDI-Misc. Topics          11 DPMI/TSR
10 KERNEL-Memory Mgmt.       12 Libraries/DLLs
11 KERNEL-DPMI/TSR           13 KERNEL
12 KERNEL-DLLs               14 COMM API/Networking
13 KERNEL-Misc. Topics       16 WinHelp
14 COMM API/Networking       17 DDK/VxD/Drivers
16 WinHelp/Tools
17 DDK/WIN386 Peer Hlp


MS Windows Shareware Forum+  CIS:WINSHARE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 General Interest           1 Index
 2 File Utilities             2 File Utilities
 3 Comm App/Utils             3 Comm Apps/Utils
 4 Mem/Resource Utils         4 Mem/Resource Utils
 5 Net Apps/Utils             5 Net Apps/Utils
 6 General Win Utils          6 General Win Utils
 7 Font Utilities             7 Font Utilities
 8 Disk Utilities             8 Disk Utilities
 9 Program Mgrs               9 Program Mgrs
10 General Win Apps          10 General Win Apps
11 Business/Finance          11 Business/Finance
12 PIM/Info Utils            12 PIM/Info Utils
14 Win NT Utils/Apps         14 Win NT Utils/Apps


MS WINFUN Forum+             CIS:WINFUN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Interest           1 Index and Info        1 WinFun CO Room
 2 Card Games                 2 Card Games
 3 Other Games/Fun            3 Other Games/Fun
 4 Screen Savers              4 Screen Savers
 5 Sounds/Utils               5 Sounds
 7 Icons/Utils                6 Sound Utils
 9 Bitmaps/Graphics           7 Icons
11 AVI/Utils                  8 Icon Utils
14 Win NT Games/Fun           9 Bitmaps/Graphics
17 Kids Stuff                10 Graphics Utils
                             11 AVI Files/Utils
                             14 Win NT Games/Fun
                             17 Kids Stuff


MS WinNT SNA Forum+          CIS:MSSNA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 MS Info and Index     1 Conference Room 1
 2 General Discussion         2 Fixes and Updates
 3 Setup & Admin              3 Problem Reports
 4 SNA Svr 3270/5250          4 3rd Pty/Unsupported
 5 3rd Party Products         5 MSSNA Archives
 6 Diag Tools
 7 Hardware/Drivers
 8 NetView & Net Mgmt
 9 Application APIs
10 EIS, SNADIS APIs
11 Doc, Online Help


MS Workgroups Forum+         CIS:MSWRKGRP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 Index and Info        1 Wrkgrp Co Room
 2 WfW-Setup                  2 WfW-Setup
 3 WFW-File/Prn Share         3 WfW-File/Prn Share
 4 WFW-Novell                 4 WfW-Novell
 5 WFW-Other Networks         5 WfW-Other Networks
 6 WFW-Fax/RAS/COM            6 WfW-Fax/RAS/COM
 7 WFW-32-Bit Access          7 WfW-32-Bit Access
 8 WFW-MS-DOS Add On          8 WfW-MS-DOS Add On
 9 WFW-3rd Party Apps         9 WfW-3rd Party Apps
10 WFW-Accessor/Utils        10 WfW-Accessor/Utils
11 Wkgp Template Disc        11 Workgroup Templates
12 MS Mail for PC            12 MS Mail for PC
13 PC Mail Gateways          13 PC Mail Gateways
14 MS Mail for Mac           14 MS Mail for Mac
15 MS Schedule+              15 MS Schedule+
16 MS Eforms                 16 MS Eforms
17 MAPI                      17 MAPI


Multi-Player Games Forum+    CIS:MPGAMES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 MegaWars I                 2 MegaWars I            2 MegaWars I
 3 MegaWars III               3 MegaWars III          3 MegaWars III
 4 IoK/Beginners              4 IoK/Beginners         4 IoK/Beginners
 5 IoK/Tales & Replays        5 IoK/Tales & Replays   5 IoK/Tales & Replays
 6 IoK/Suggestions            6 IoK/Suggestions       6 IoK/Suggestions
 7 IoK/Techniques             7 IoK/Techniques        7 IoK/Techniques
 8 IoK/Town Plaza             8 IoK/Town Plaza        8 IoK/Town Plaza
 9 British Legends            9 British Legends       9 British Legends
11 YGI!/Fun                  11 YGI!/Fun             11 YGI!/Fun
12 YGI!/Tech                 12 YGI!/Tech            12 YGI!/Tech
13 Sniper!                   13 Sniper!              13 Sniper!
14 Other Games               14 Other Games          14 Other Games
15 Village Inn               15 Village Inn          15 Village Inn
16 ECenter                   16 ECenter              16 ECenter


Multimedia Conference Forum+  CIS:MULTICON

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Open discussion
 2 The Internet               2 The Internet
 3 Gov't/Institutions         3 Gov't/Institutions
 4 Business Users             4 Business Users
 5 Consumers                  5 Consumers
 6 Education                  6 Education
 7 Policies/Standards         7 Policies/Standards
 8 Search Engines             8 Search Engines
 9 Electronic Books           9 Electronic Books
10 Markup Systems            10 Markup Systems
11 Databases                 11 Databases
12 Relevancy Ranking         12 Relevancy Ranking
13 Agent Software            13 Agent Software
14 Information Sources       14 Information Sources
15 Digital Libraries         15 Digital Libraries
16 News/Announcements        16 News/Announcements


Multimedia Forum+            CIS:MULTIMEDIA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General information        1 General information   1 Open discussion
 2 Digital Video              2 Video and audio
 3 Audio & music              3 Animation
 4 Modeling/Animation         4 Interface design
 5 Macintosh                  5 Macintosh/Apple II
 6 Windows/DOS/OS-2           6 Windows/DOS/OS-2
 7 Hands-on Multimedia        7 Hands-on Multimedia
 8 Photo CD                   8 Other platforms
 9 Education/training         9 Education/training
10 Presentations             10 Sales/marketing
11 Philosophy                11 Hypertext/Documents
12 Home Systems/Games        12 Science/Engineering
13 CD-ROM                    13 Entertainment
14 Legal issues              14 Legal issues
15 Marketing Your Work       15 Marketing Your Work
16 I.I.C.S.                  16 FAQ's/Help Files
17 CD-I                      17 CD-I


Multimedia Vendor Forum+     CIS:MULTIVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Multimedia Room 1
 2 BCD Associates             2 BCD Associates
 3 Lenel Systems              3 Lenel Systems
 4 VideoLogic                 4 VideoLogic
 5 Voyager                    5 Voyager
 6 Truevision                 6 Truevision
 8 Mathematica                8 Mathematica
 9 nTergaid                   9 nTergaid
10 HSC Software              10 HSC Software
11 Specular Int'l            11 Specular Int'l
12 Media Vision              12 Media Vision
13 Cognetics                 13 Cognetics
14 AimTech                   14 AimTech
15 Asymetrix                 15 Asymetrix
16 Turtle Beach              16 Turtle Beach
17 New Media Graphics        17 New Media Graphics


Multimedia B Vendor Forum+   CIS:MULTIBVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Forum Help         1 General/Forum Help    1 Conference Room 1
 2 Adda Technologies          2 Adda Technologies
 3 In Focus Systems           3 In Focus Systems
 4 QSound Labs                4 QSound Labs
 5 Advanced Digital           5 Advanced Digital
 6 FAST Electronic            6 FAST Electronic
 7 Avid DTV Group             7 Avid DTV Group
 9 Videomedia                 8 MM Contest Entries
10 Orchid Technology          9 Videomedia
11 Cambium Development       10 Orchid Technology
                             11 Cambium Development


Music Vendor Forum+          CIS:MUSICVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   2 Warner Conference
 2 Warner Bros.               2 Warner Bros. Files   10 CMC Conference Room
 8 South by Southwest         8 SXSW Files
10 CMC                       10 CMC Files
11 Geffen Records            11 Geffen Files
12 RCA Records               12 RCA Records
16 Fan Clubs                 16 Fan Club News
17 Feedback


Music/Arts Forum+            CIS:MUSICARTS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Info/Help            1 Forum Info/Help       1 Conf Room 1
 2 Classical Music            2 Classical/Opera       2 Conf Room 2
 3 The Blues                  3 The Blues            12 Entertainment Law
 4 Jazz/Big Bands             4 Jazz/Big Bands       13 The Music Industry
 5 Shows & Soundtracks        5 Shows & Soundtracks  14 Religious Music
 6 Drum Corps/Bands           6 Drum Corps/Bands     15 Rap/Hiphop Room
 7 Country/Folk               7 Country/Folk
 8 Pop/Rock                   8 Pop/Rock
 9 Instruments/Sound          9 Instruments/Sound
10 World/New Age             10 World/New Age
11 Adult Alternative         11 Adult Alternative
12 Learning To Play          12 Learning To Play
13 The Music Industry        13 The Music Industry
14 Religious Music           14 Religious Music
15 Rap/Hiphop/Techno         15 Rap/Hiphop/Techno
16 Opera                     16 Buy/Sell/Swap
17 The Lobby                 17 Upcoming Events


NAIC Invest. Ed. Forum+      CIS:NAIC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Using This Forum           1 Forum Info/Help       1 Main Conference
 2 About NAIC                 2 About NAIC            2 NAIC
 3 Local Happenings           3 Local Happenings      3 INVESTMENT CLUBS
 4 Club Operations            4 Club Operations       4 tba
 5 NAIC CustomerServic        5 Talk to NAIC Office   5 tba
 6 Individual Stocks          6 Stock Reports
 7 BI Stock to Study          7 Online Clubs
 8 Computer Investing         8 Computer Investing
 9 Community Square           9 Community Square
10 NAIC Methods              10 NAIC Methods
11 Misc Finance Topics       11 Misc Finance Topics
12 NAIC Shareware            12 Investor Shareware
13 SSG PLUS                  13 SSG Data Files
14 Mac Investing             14 MAC Investing
15 Studious Stock Grp        15 Studious Stock Grp
16 PIONEERS O-L


NCR/ATT Forum+               CIS:NCRATT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 THE INFO SHOP              1 THE INFO SHOP         1 THE FRONT PORCH
 2 WINDOWS NT                 2 WINDOWS NT            2 SPECIAL OCCASIONS
 3 DESKTOP COMPUTING          3 DESKTOP COMPUTING
 7 COOPERATIVE FWS            4 AT&T PC's [1993+]
                              5 PORTABLE COMPUTING
                              6 NETWORK CONNECTIONS
                              7 COOPERATIVE FWS


New Age Forum+               CIS:NEWAGE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 About NEW AGE FORUM   1 Lobby/New Members
 2 Community Square           2 Programs/IBM Compat   2 Workshop/Seminar 1
 3 ESP/The Mind               3 Programs/Mac          3 Workshop/Seminar 2
 4 Western Philosophy         4 Programs/Other        4 Virtual Bar & Grill
 5 Eastern Philosophy         5 Graphics and Art      5 New Age Roundtable
 6 Tarot & Oracles            6 Magazine Connection   6 ACIM/Support Groups
 7 Astrology                  7 New Age Books         7 Science/UFOlogy
 8 Ancient Ages               8 New Age Sciences      8 Tarot/Divination
 9 Science/Technology         9 New Age Health        9 Earth Religions
10 Society & Politics        10 Orig. Prose/Poetry   10 E. Philosophy/Yoga
11 Media                     11 Psychic Abilities    11 Astrology
12 Channeled Thoughts        12 Spiritual Growth     12 Dreams/Mind/ESP
13 Dreaming                  13 Tarot/Astrology      13 W. Phil/Eso. Socs.
14 ACIM Workgroup            14 Esoteric Societies
15 Pagan/Wicca/Magick        15 UFOlogy
16 UFOlogy/Contacts          16 Wicca/Pagan/Shaman
17 Diet/Herbs/Health


New York Newslink Forum+     CIS:NEWYORK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 VISITING/LIVING NY         1 VISITING/LIVING NY    1 New York NewsLounge
 2 BROADWAY ON & OFF          2 BROADWAY ON & OFF     2 The Newsroom
 3 IT'S ENTERTAINMENT         3 IT'S ENTERTAINMENT    3 The Arena
 4 NY GOV'T & POLITICS        4 NY GOV'T & POLITICS   4 The Rostrum
 5 MONEY & BUSINESS           5 MONEY & BUSINESS      5 Town Hall
 6 YANKEES/METS/MLB           6 YANKEES/METS/MLB
 7 GIANTS/JETS/BILLS          7 GIANTS/JETS/BILLS
 8 HOOPS 'n' HOCKEY           8 HOOPS 'n' HOCKEY
 9 ALL SORTS OF SPORTS        9 ALL SORTS OF SPORTS
10 EDUCATION/FAMILY          10 EDUCATION/FAMILY
11 HEALTH/ENVIRONMENT        11 HEALTH/ENVIRONMENT
12 WESTCHESTER               12 WESTCHESTER
13 ROCKLAND                  13 ROCKLAND
14 PUTNAM                    14 PUTNAM
15 OTHER REGIONS             15 OTHER REGIONS
16 THE BACK FENCE            16 THE LETTER BOX


Newton Developers Forum+     CIS:NEWTDEV

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Business        1 Formal Room
 2 Mac Toolkit                2 Mac Toolkit           2 Informal Room
 3 Windows Toolkit            3 Windows Toolkit       3 Informal Room
 4 Other Languages            4 Other Languages
 5 Book Maker                 5 Book Maker
 6 NewtonScript               6 NewtonScript
 7 General Programming        7 General Programming
 8 Graphics                   8 Graphics
 9 Human Interface            9 Human Interface
10 Hardware                  10 Hardware
11 Communications/Nets       11 Communications/Nets
12 Concepts & Ideas          12 Concepts & Ideas
13 Marketing                 13 Marketing
14 Other<->Newton            14 Other <-> Newton
17 Community Square          17 Community Square


Newton/PIE Forum+            CIS:NEWTON

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New Uploads                0 Upload Here           1 Informal Conference
 1 Forum/Gen. Business        1 Help Files            2 Informal Conference
 2 Newt Tech/Interface        2 Hardware Reviews      3 Formal Conference
 3 Names/Dates/Prefs          3 Software Reviews
 4 News/Reviews/Shows         4 PR/New Products
 5 Connection Kits            5 Newton/PIE<->Mac
 6 Communications             6 Newton/PIE<->PC
 7 Newton/PIE<->Other         7 Newton/PIE<->Other
 8 Newton Software            8 Newton Packages
 9 Newton Peripherals         9 Newton Developers
10 Sharp Newtons             10 Miscellaneous
11 Community Square          11 SPOTLITE/PocketCall
12 Future Newtons            12 Sharp Newton Info
13 SPOTLITE/PocketCall       13 SPOTLITE/GoFigure
15 SPOTLITE/Mobilecalc
16 SPOTLITE/GoFigure


NeXT Forum+                  CIS:NEXTFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 The Corner Pub             1 Recreation            1 The NeXT Pub
 2 New to NeXTstep            2 NeXT/Misc Info        2 Programmers Lounge
 3 Connectivity               3 Connectivity          3 General
 4 Hot Topics                 4 Utilities
 5 Applications               5 Applications
 6 Intel Hardware             6 Hardware/Peripheral
 7 Non-Intel Hardware         7 Programming
 8 NS Programming             8 Sound
 9 NeXT International         9 Graphics
10 OpenStep                  10 Demos
16 The Classifieds           11 Publishing/DTP
                             12 Lore
                             13 NeXT Answers


Novell Client Forum+         CIS:NOVCLIENT

Message Sections Available:
 1 IPX/ODI Issues
 2 NETX Issues
 3 VLM Issues
 4 ODINSUP Issues
 5 NetBios Issues
 6 NetWare & Windows
 7 RPL / Remote Boot


Novell Connectivity Forum+   CIS:NCONNECT

Message Sections Available:                          Conference Rooms Available:
 1 NACS                                               1 Conference Room 1
 2 NW Connect
 3 NW for SAA
 4 AS/400 Connectivity
 5 Host Printing
 6 SNA Links
 7 LAN/LAN Links
 8 NetWare Macintosh
 9 NW/DEC Connectivity
10 Portable NetWare
11 NW/IP NFS-TCP/IP
12 Email/MHS/FAX
13 LANwrkplce/Group
14 Other Conn Issues


Novell Dev Support Forum+    CIS:NDEVSUPPORT

Message Sections Available:
 1 General Business
 2 Btrieve
 3 NetWare SQL
 4 Client SDK
 5 Server SDK
 6 Macintosh SDKs
 7 Communication SDKs
 8 NMS SDK
 9 Personal NW SDK
10 AppWare Found SDK
11 Lan Workplace SDK
13 Visual AppBldr
15 ALM SDK


Novell Dev. Info. Forum+     CIS:NDEVINFO

Message Sections Available:                          Rooms Available:
 1 General Business                                   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Btrieve
 3 NetWare SQL
 4 NetWare Client SDK
 5 NetWare Server SDK
 6 Macintosh SDKs
 7 Communication SDKs
 8 none
 9 Personal NW SDK
10 AppWare Found. SDK
11 Lan Workplace SDK
12 Telephony SDK
13 Visual Appbldr
14 Telephony PBX Dev


Novell DSG Forum+            CIS:DRFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 NWDOS/DRDOS Apps           1 Provisional
 2 NWDOS/DRDOS Disk          14 NETWARE NT CLIENT
 3 NWDOS/DRDOS Memory
 4 NWDOS/DRDOS Utils
 5 Customer Service
 6 Programming ?'s
 7 Dataclub
 8 NetWare Lite
 9 Personal NetWare
14 NetWare NT Client


Novell Hardware Forum+       CIS:NOVHW

Message Sections Available:
 1 Power Monitoring
 2 Token Ring
 3 Ethernet
 4 ARCnet
 5 Backups
 6 Cabling
17 Other Hardware


Novell Information Forum+    CIS:NGENERAL

Message Sections Available:                          Rooms Available:
 1 Product Information                                1 Public Conference
 2 Suggestion Box                                     2 Let's Talk - Public
 3 Application/Utils                                  3 NetWare Concerns
 4 User Groups/Train'g                                4 Application Probs
 5 CNE's                                              5 The Lighter Side
 6 CNEPA
 7 NSEPro
 8 AppNotes
 9 NASC Program
10 NUI
16 Other Information
17 The Lighter Side


Novell Library Forum+        CIS:NOVLIB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 LIB Questions Only!        1 Novell NEW Uploads    2 Let's Talk - Public
                              2 General Information   3 NetWare Problems


Novell Net. Management Forum+ CIS:NOVMAN

Message Sections Available:
 1 Network Mngmnt
 2 NetWare Mgmnt Sys
 3 Lantern System Mgr
 4 Lanalyzer for Win
 5 NW for SAA Mngmnt


Novell NetWare 2.X Forum+    CIS:NETW2X

Message Sections Available:                          Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Printing
 2 NetWare Utilities
 3 Disk Drives/Cntrls
 4 LAN Cards/Drivers
 5 Closed (See Sect 4)
14 2.1x & Below/OS
15 Operating System


Novell NetWare 3.X Forum+    CIS:NETW3X

Message Sections Available:                          Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Printing                                           2 Let's Talk (Public)
 2 NetWare Utilities                                  3 NetWare 3.X Issues
 3 Dsk Drvs/CDs/Cntrls                                4 App's Problems
 4 LAN Cards/Drivers
 5 Upgrade/Migration
13 SFT III
14 NLM/OS/Console Util


Novell Netware 4X Forum+     CIS:NETW4X

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Printing                                           1 Conference Room 1
 2 NetWare Utilities
 3 Dsk Drvs/CDs/Cntrls
 4 LAN Cards/Drivers
 5 Upgrade/Migration
 6 ElectroText/Doc's
 7 Directory Services
 8 Closed See Sect 7
 9 Closed See Sect 5
10 Closed See Sect 14
11 Closed See Sect 6
14 NLM/OS/Console Util
16 Closed GO NOVOS2


Novell OS/2 Forum+           CIS:NOVOS2

Message Sections Available:
 1 OS/2 Printing
 2 Client/Server
 3 OS/2 Requester
 4 NSM [OS/2]
 5 NW 4.x for OS/2
 6 GUI Tools
 7 WINOS2/DOS


Novell User Library Forum+   CIS:NOVUSER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 NOVUSER Lib Q&A's          1 New Uploads
 2 Job Postings               2 LAN/DISK Drvs/Ptch
 3 Classified                 3 EMAIL/MHS/FAX
                              4 Comm Drvs/Patches
                              5 Host/Unix Dvrs/Ptch
                              6 Printer Utilities
                              7 Network (Sys) Utils
                              8 Client WS Utils
                              9 Management Tools
                             10 Text Files/Help
                             11 Windows Utilities
                             12 Btrieve/Pgm Utils
                             13 Virus Detectors
                             14 General Utilities
                             17 Classifieds/Jobs


Novell Vendor A Forum+       CIS:NVENA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Folio Corporation          1 Folio Corporation     1 Novell Vendors
 2 BindView                   2 BindView              2 Public Room A
 3 Computer Tyme              3 Computer Tyme         3 Public Room B
 4 Infinite Tech.             4 Infinite Tech.
 5 Dell Computer Corp         5 Dell Computer Corp
 6 AST Research               6 AST Research
 7 Blue Lance                 7 Blue Lance
 8 Best Power                 8 Best Power
 9 Knozall Systems            9 Knozall
10 Notework                  10 Notework
11 RoseWare                  11 RoseWare
12 Multi-User DOS            12 Multi-User DOS
13 Tricord                   13 Tricord
15 SynOptics                 15 SynOptics


Novell Vendor B Forum+       CIS:NVENB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 Ontrack Data               1 Ontrack Data
 2 NetWorth                   2 NetWorth
 3 gadget                     3 gadget


Office Automation Vendor Forum+ CIS:OAFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 The Break Room             1 General Information   1 Formal Conferences
 2 Vertical Tech., Inc        2 Vertical Tech., Inc   2 Informal Discussion
 6 Advanced Support Gr        6 Advanced Support Gr   3 SCALA
 7 MicroBiz                   7 MicroBiz              4 Open Systems
 9 Franklin Quest             9 Franklin Quest
10 ANGOSS                    10 ANGOSS
11 Open Systems              11 Open Systems
14 ZIPKEY zipcodes           14 ZIPKEY Zipcodes
15 Accounting                15 Accounting
16 Com/Fax/Phone             16 Com/Fax/Phone
17 Paperless Office          17 Paperless Office


Oracle Forum+                CIS:ORACLE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 Desktop Tools
 2 Mainframe                  2 Mainframe             2 Public Discussion
 3 Minicomputer & UNIX        3 Minicomputer & UNIX
 4 Desktop & Servers          4 Desktop & servers
 5 RDBMS kernel & SQL         5 RDBMS kernel & SQL
 6 Networking                 6 Networking
 7 Oracle Tools               7 Oracle Tools
 8 Oracle FinMfgHR Aps        8 Oracle FinMfgHR Aps
 9 3GL Interfaces             9 3GL Interfaces
10 CASE                      10 CASE
11 3rd Party Products        11 3rd Party Products
12 Performance               12 Performance
13 User Group/Affinity       13 User Group/Affinity
14 Hot Topics                15 Classifieds
15 Classifieds
16 News from Oracle


OS-9 Forum+                  CIS:OS9

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Interest           1 Reference Library     1 General Conferences
 2 Tutorials                  2 Tutorials             2 General Conferences
 3 Languages                  3 Languages
 4 MIDI and Music             4 MIDI and Music
 5 OS9 Users Group            5 OS9UG PubDom Lib
 6 Applications               6 Applications
 7 Telecommunications         7 Telecomm
 8 BBS Systems/TSMon          8 BBS Systems/TSMON
 9 Utilities                  9 Utilities
10 OS9/6809 (CoCo)           10 OS9/6809 (CoCo)
11 OS9/6809 (Non-CoCo)       11 OS9/6809
12 OS9/68000 (OSK)           12 OS9/68000 (OSK)
14 misc/info/Soapbox         13 OS9 Vendors
15 Hot Topics                14 misc/info/Soapbox
                             15 Hot Topics


Other Ban Patchware Forum+   CIS:BANPATCH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help!!             1 Misc. BanPatches      1 Conference Room 1


Outdoor Forum+               CIS:OUTDOORFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General/Photography   1 General/Photography
 2 Scouting                   2 Scouting              2 Scouting
 3 Power Boating              3 Power Boating         3 Power Boating
 4 Fly Fishing                4 Outdoor Graphics      4 Outdoor Graphics
 5 Fishing                    5 Fishing               5 Fishing
 6 Hunting                    6 Hunting               6 Hunting
 7 Cycling                    7 Cycling               7 Cycling
 8 Birding                    8 Birding               8 Birding
 9 Canoe/Kayak/Raft           9 Canoe/Kayak/Raft      9 Canoe/Kayak/Raft
10 Camp/RV/4x4/Hike          10 Camp/RV/4x4/Hike     10 Camp/RV/4x4/Hike
11 Snow Sports/Climb         11 Snow Sports/Climb    11 Snow Sports/Climb
12 OWAA                      12 OWAA                 12 OWAA
13 CIS/Computers             13 CIS/Computers        13 CIS/Computers
14 Firearms                  14 Firearms             14 Firearms
15 Gun Politics/SRA          15 Gun Politics/SRA     15 Gun Politics/SRA
16 OUTDOOR BYTES             16 OUTDOOR BYTES        16 OUTDOOR BYTES
17 Naturism/Nudism           17 Naturism/Nudism      17 Naturism/Nudism


OZCIS Support Forum+         CIS:OZCIS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Updates/Patches            2 OzCIS V2 Files
 3 Setup/System Config        3 Setup/Config
 4 Modems/Connect             4 Modems/Connect
 5 Mail/Services              5 Mail/Services
 6 Forums Management          6 Forums Management
 7 Scripts/Macros             7 Scripts/Macros
 8 The Storm Cellar           8 Demos/Misc
 9 Ver 1 Issues               9 OzCIS V1 Files


Pacific Vendor Forum+        CIS:PACVEN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Netcomm                    1 Netcomm               1 Vendor Conferences
 2 Maestro                    2 Maestro
 3 Banksia                    3 Banksia
 4 SoundBlaster               4 SoundBlaster
 5 Fujitsu Peripherals        5 Fujitsu Peripherals
 6 Reckon Software            6 Reckon Software
 7 WizardWorks                7 WizardWorks
 8 Manaccom                   8 Manaccom
 9 NetworkWorld               9 NetworkWorld
10 Sealcorp                  10 Sealcorp
11 FutureWave/Banyan         11 FutureWave/Banyan
13 SystemBuilder             13 SystemBuilder
14 Cybersoft                 14 Cybersoft
15 Windows Solutions         15 Windows Solutions
16 Boosey & Hawkes           16 Boosey & Hawkes


Packard Bell Forum+          CIS:PACKARDBELL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Info               1 General Info          1 Room Number 1
 2 Technical Support          2 Mouse Drivers         2 Room Number 2
                              3 Video Card Drivers
                              4 Hard Disk Utilities
                              5 Virus Scan/Clean
                              6 EMS Drivers
                              7 Shareware Utilities
                              8 Microsoft Windows
                              9 TSIB's
                             10 Setup Files & Info
                             11 Upload Library
                             12 Oak VGA drivers
                             13 Multimedia
                             14 Service Centers


Palmtop Forum+               CIS:PALMTOP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 General/Help Files    1 General Meeting
 2 Poqet Computers            2 Poqet Computers       2 Zoomer Chat
 3 Sharp Wizard               3 Sharp Wizard
 4 Casio B.O.S.S.             4 Casio B.O.S.S.
 5 Traveling Software         5 Traveling Software
 6 Databook                   6 Databook
 7 Psion Inc.                 7 Psion Inc.
 8 Sharp PC-3000              9 Atari Portfolio
 9 Atari Portfolio           10 Casio Z-7000 PDA
10 CASIO Z-7000 PDA          11 Programming Tools
11 Other PDAs/Palmtops       12 General Magic
12 General Magic             13 Communications
13 Storage/Peripherals       14 Utilities/App's.
14 Software Applic.          15 News/Reviews/Shows
15 News/Reviews/Shows        17 Miscellaneous
17 Community Square


Parsons Technology Forum+    CIS:PTFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Customer Service           1 Miscellanous Info.    1 Bull-Ring
 2 Financial Products         2 Financial
 3 Tax Products               3 Tax
 4 Legal Products             4 Legal
 5 Utility Products           5 Utility
 6 Genealogy Products         6 Genealogy
 7 Church Products            7 Church
 8 Productivity               8 Productivity
10 Golf ScoreCard             9 Updates/Demos
11 Announcements             10 Golf ScoreCard
12 Geography                 11 Announcements
                             12 Geography


PBS Applications Forum+      ZNT:PBSAPPS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Ask the Sysop              1 Hot Off The Presses   1 Help Desk
 2 Reviewer's Picks           2 Reviewer's Picks
 3 DOS                        3 DOS
 4 Windows                    4 Windows
 5 OS/2                       5 OS/2
 6 Communications             6 Communications
16 New Files                 16 Ziff Custom Utils
17 PBS Information           17 PBS Information


PBS Arcade Forum+            ZNT:PBSARCADE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Ask the Sysop              1 Hot Off the Presses   1 Public Discussion
 2 Reviewer's Picks           2 Reviewer's Picks      2 Public Discussion
 3 Action Games               3 Action Games          3 Public Discussion
 4 Card Games                 4 Card Games            4 Public Discussion
 5 Fantasy Games              5 Fantasy Games         5 Formal Conference
 6 Board Games                6 Board Games
 7 War & Strategy Game        7 War&Strategy Games
 8 Sports Games               8 Sports Games
 9 Simulations                9 Simulations
10 Puzzles                   10 Puzzles
11 Jokes & Trivia            11 Jokes & Trivia
13 SSS Discussion            17 PBS Information
16 New Files
17 PBS Information


PBS Home Forum+              ZNT:PBSHOME

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Ask The Sysop              1 Hot Off the Presses   1 Public Discussion
 2 Reviewer's Picks           2 Reviewer's Picks      2 Public Discussion
 3 Home & Hobby               3 Home & Hobby          3 Public Discussion
 4 Education                  4 Education             4 Public Discussion
 5 Reference Data             5 Reference Data        5 Formal Conferences
 6 Files in the News          6 Files in the News
 7 The Attic                  7 The Attic
16 New Files                 17 PBS Information
17 PBS Information


PBS Professional Forum+      ZNT:PBSPRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Ask The Sysop              1 Hot Off the Presses   1 Public Discussion
 2 Reviewer's Picks           2 Reviewer's Picks      2 Public Discussion
 3 Business & Finance         3 Business & Finance    3 Public Discussion
 4 Professional               4 Professional          4 Public Discussion
 5 Engineering/Math           5 Engineering/Math      5 Formal Conferences
 6 Programming                6 Programming
16 New Files                 17 PBS Information
17 PBS Information


PC Contact Forum+            ZNT:PCCONTACT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General Information        0 General/Forum Info.   1 Informal Conf.
 1 Letters/Comments           1 Hot Tips/Secrets
 2 Columns/Opinion            2 Templates/Macros
 3 NEW!                       3 Utilities/Misc.
 4 Prime Time                 4 Files by Month
 5 Features
 6 HELP
 7 Consumer's Edge
 8 Off The Record


PC Expert Forum+             CIS:PCEFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Generale                   1 Generale              1 Public Discussion
 2 Trucs et astuces           2 Jeux                  2 Public Discussion
 3 Programmation              3 Freeware              3 Public Discussion
 4 Invite du mois             4 Shareware             4 Public Discussion
 5 Telecom/Reseaux            5 Telecommunications    5 Formal Conference
 6 Temps libre                6 Benchmarks
 7 Applications               7 Logiciels francais
 8 Cafe du coin               8 Occasions
                              9 Utilitaires


PC Industrie Forum+          CIS:PCIND

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Allgemeine Infos           1 Allgemeine Infos      1 Industrie-Treff
 2 Multimedia                 2 Multimedia
 3 Tobit Software             3 Tobit Software
 4 CPV Datensysteme           4 CPV Datensysteme
 5 Quarterdeck                5 Quarterdeck
 6 FAST Electronic            6 FAST Electronic
 7 miro Comp. Prod. AG        7 miro Comp. Prod. AG


PC Magazine UK Forum+        CIS:PCUKFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Welcome                    1 Bench Tests           2 Talking Shop
 2 PCMag Support              2 Productivity          3 Formal Debates
 3 Opinions/Feedback          3 Utilities             4 Public Discussion
 4 Usability                  4 Editorial Contribns
 5 PC Labs


PC MagNet After Hours Forum+  ZNT:AFTERHOURS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New Uploads                1 General Information   1 The Reboot B&G
 1 General Info               2 Science Fiction       2 Info Please?
 2 Science Fiction            3 Games
 3 Games and Gadgets          5 After Hours
 4 Family Matters             8 Travel/Cr. Writing
 5 History                   10 Sports of All Sorts
 6 Books/Publications        11 The Music Library
 7 Film/TV/Video/Radio       12 Philosophers Corner
 8 Travel                    13 Politics
 9 Pets and Animals          14 Science/Technology
10 Sports of All Sorts
11 The Environment
12 Notably Music
13 Politics
14 Science/Technology
16 Holiday Contests!


PC MagNet Editorial Forum+   ZNT:EDITORIAL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Info [E]           1 General Info [E]      1 The Editor's Desk
 2 Features:H'ware [E]        2 Features - Hardware   2 After Hours
 3 Features:S'ware [E]        3 Features - Software
 4 First Looks [E]            4 First Looks
 5 Trends                     5 Trends
 6 Views:Dvorak [E]           6 Viewpoints-Dvorak
 7 Views:Machrone [E]         7 Viewpoints-Machrone
 8 Views:Seymour [E]          8 Viewpoints-Seymour
 9 PC Magazine CD             9 Special Events
10 Views:Howard              10 Viewpoints-Howard
11 Views:Raskin              11 Viewpoints-Raskin
12 Views:Miller              12 Viewpoints-Miller
13 Views:Ayre                13 Viewpoints-Ayre
14 Networking Edition        14 Networking Edition
15 The Spike! [E]            15 Demos & PR
16 After Hours               16 After Hours


PC MagNet Programming Forum+  ZNT:PROGRAMMING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New Uploads [P]            1 General Info [P]      1 Programmer's Lounge
 1 General Info [P]           2 Utilities Code        2 The Computer Lab
 2 Utilities Code             3 Power Programming
 3 Power Programming          4 Languages
 4 Languages                  5 Lab Notes
 5 Lab Notes                  6 Environments
 6 Environments               7 Toolkits
 7 Toolkits                   8 Member Uploads
 8 Philosophy Of              9 PC Tech
 9 PC Tech                   11 Corporate Developer
10 The Bit Bucket            12 Extending Your Apps
11 Corporate Developer
12 Extending Your Apps


PC MagNet Utilities/Tips Forum+ CIS:TIPS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 New Uploads [U]            1 General Info [U]      1 Room 1
 1 General Info [U]           2 PC Mag Utilities      2 Room 2
 2 PC Mag Utilities           3 Tutor
 3 Tutor                      4 User-to-User
 4 User-to-User               5 Sol: Hardware
 5 Sol: Hardware              6 Sol: Software
 6 Sol: Software              7 Sol: Word Proc/DTP
 7 Sol: Word Proc/DTP         8 Sol: Spreadsht/DBMS
 8 Sol: Spreadsht/DBMS        9 Driver Alert
 9 Sol: Networking           10 Sol: DOS, Win, OS/2
10 Sol: DOS, Win, OS/2       11 ZNT & CIS Nav Tips
11 ZNT & CIS Nav Tips        12 PC Mag Archives
13 PC Labs                   13 PC Labs
14 Shareware                 14 ASP Shareware Utils
16 Echo Off                  15 Windows & OS/2 Utls
                             16 General Utils


PC Plug and Play Forum+      CIS:PLUGPLAY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Plug and Play ISA          2 Plug and Play ISA
 4 DeviceDriver Issues        4 DeviceDriver Issues
 5 Hardware Issues            5 Hardware Issues
 6 BIOS                       6 BIOS
 7 SCSI/IDE                   7 SCSI/IDE
 8 PCMCIA                     8 PCMCIA
 9 Mobile                     9 Mobile
10 Certification/admin       10 Certification/admin
11 ISV Issues                11 ISV Issues


PC PLUS/PC ANSWERS Forum+    CIS:PCPFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Welcome New Users          1 New Uploads           2 General Discussion
 2 General/New Uploads        2 Applications          3 Programming
 3 PC PLUS Feedback           3 Utilities
 4 PC PLUS SuperDisk          4 Programming
 5 PC ANSWERS Feedback        5 Music/Midi
 6 Help!                      6 Communications
 7 Programming                7 Windows
 8 Shareware                  8 SuperDisk
 9 Communications             9 Graphics
10 Leisure                   10 Games
11 Product Shopping          11 Magazine Articles
12 Classifieds


PC Professionell Forum+      CIS:PCPRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 PCpro generell             1 Grundsatzliches       1 Konferenz
 2 Neu im Forum ?             2 Infos, Tips, Tricks   2 Ratsch-Ecke
 3 Neues in den Bibs!         3 Benchmarks            3
 4 Leser-Meinungen            4 PCpro diesen Monat!
 5 Aktuell: CeBIT '94         5 Windows-Tools
 6 Rund um den Globus         6 Windows-Anwendungen
 7 Hardware                   7 Windows: DLLs
 8 Software/Erstellung        8 DOS-Tools
 9 Betriebssysteme            9 DOS-Anwendungen
10 Datenbanksysteme          10 Spiele & Animation
11 DFU & Telekom.            11 DFU & Telekom.
12 OzCIS-Treff / OLR         12 OzCIS-Treff / OLR
13 verNETZt & mobil          13 PC News
14 Bug-Watch & -Report       14 Grafik: Prgs+Bilder
15 Power Off <g>             15 Grafiktreiber
16 Priv. Flohmarkt           16 Druckertreiber
                             17 Sonstige Treiber


PC Vendor A Forum+           CIS:PCVENA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 ButtonWare                 1 ButtonWare            8 Knowledge Garden
 2 Mansfield Software         2 Mansfield Software    9 Mustang Software
 3 Enable Software            3 Enable Software
 4 Saber Software             4 Saber Software
 5 R. I. Soft Systems         5 R. I. Soft Systems
 6 Magee Enterprises          6 Magee Enterprises
 7 Custom Technologies        7 Custom Technologies
 8 Qualitas                   8 Qualitas
 9 Mustang Software           9 Mustang Software
10 Northgate                 10 Northgate
11 Quercus Systems           11 Quercus Systems
12 Ctrlalt Associates        12 Ctrlalt Associates
13 Foresight Corp.           13 Foresight Corp.
14 PC-Kwik Corp.             14 PC-Kwik Corp.
15 DeScribe                  15 DeScribe


PC Vendor B Forum+           CIS:PCVENB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Powercore, Inc             1 Powercore, Inc       12 PowerBasic
 2 Primavera Systems          2 Primavera Systems    18 PCVENB CO room
 3 Korenthal Assocs.          3 Korenthal Assocs.
 4 Personics Corp.            4 Personics Corp.
 5 Starlite Software          5 Starlite Software
 6 TurboPower Software        6 TurboPower Software
 8 DacEasy                    8 DacEasy
 9 PRO-C Corporation          9 PRO-C Corporation
10 JP Software               10 JP Software
11 PDC Prolog                11 PDC Prolog
12 PowerBASIC                12 PowerBASIC
13 HyperWare/FHT             13 HyperWare/FHT
14 Advanced Gravis           14 Advanced Gravis
15 INMAGIC                   15 INMAGIC
16 Greenleaf Software        16 Greenleaf Software


PC Vendor C Forum+           CIS:PCVENC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Interactive Image          1 Interactive Image     1 Public Discussion
 2 Vericomp                   2 Vericomp
 3 NetFRAME Systems           3 NetFRAME Systems
 4 Rhintek                    4 Rhintek
 5 Hooper Intl.               5 Hooper Intl.
 6 Innovative Data            6 Innovative Data
 7 ProSoft Int'l              7 ProSoft Int'l
 9 Object Exchange            9 Object Exchange
10 Rupp Corporation          10 Rupp Corporation
11 PKWare                    11 PKWare
12 M-USA                     12 M-USA
14 Network General           14 Network General
15 Beyond, Inc               15 Beyond, Inc


PC Vendor D Forum+           CIS:PCVEND

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Above Software             1 Above Software        1 General CO room
 2 Legato Systems             2 Legato Systems
 3 Brightwork Dev.            3 Brightwork Dev.
 4 Tech III                   4 TECH III
 5 Micropolis Corp.           5 Micropolis Corp.
 6 Cumulus Corp               6 Cumulus Corp
 7 CSI                        7 CSI
 8 TIMESLIPS Corp.            8 TIMESLIPS Corp.
 9 Hyperkinetix               9 Hyperkinetix
10 Magma Systems             10 Magma Systems
11 GammaLink                 11 GammaLink
12 Procom Technology         12 Procom Technology
13 CTJ                       13 CTJ
14 Pacific Data Prod.        14 Pacific Data Prod.
15 BLOC Publishing           15 BLOC Publishing


PC Vendor E Forum+           CIS:PCVENE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 TurboPower C++             1 TurboPower C++        1 TurboPower Software
 3 Iomega Corp.               3 Iomega Corp.         13 QAI
 4 Farallon Computing         4 Farallon Computing
 5 Zeos                       5 Zeos
 6 SemWare                    6 SemWare
 7 TERMiTE                    7 TERMiTE
 8 American Power             8 American Power
10 Objects, Inc              10 Objects, Inc
11 American Cybernet         11 American Cybernet
12 AddStor, Inc.             12 AddStor, Inc.
14 DSI Software Sys          14 DSI Software Sys
15 Alpha Software            15 Alpha Software
16 Hyundai                   16 Hyundai


PC Vendor F Forum+           CIS:PCVENF

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Acer America               1 Acer America          1 CO Room 1
 2 Storage Dimensions         2 Storage Dimensions
 3 Pure Data, Ltd.            3 Pure Data, Ltd.
 4 Hilgraeve                  4 Hilgraeve
 5 Willies Computer SW        5 Willies Computer SW
 7 Funk Software              7 Funk Software
 8 MIP Fund Accounting        8 MIP Fund Accounting
 9 Command Software           9 Command Software
10 Peachtree Software        10 Peachtree Software
12 PCMCIA                    12 PCMCIA
13 Microedge Software        13 Microedge Software
14 Avery Dennison            14 Avery Dennison
15 Faircom Corp.             15 Faircom Corp.
16 TRIUS                     16 TRIUS


PC Vendor G Forum+           CIS:PCVENG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 2 Pinnacle Publishing        2 Pinnacle Publishing   1 Conference Room 1
 3 Mitchell & Gauthier        3 Mitchell & Gauthier
 4 SofNet                     4 SofNet
 5 Brown Bag Software         5 Brown Bag Software
 6 Reach Software             6 Reach Software
 7 Magic Software             7 Magic Software
 8 Futurus Corporation        8 Futurus Corporation
 9 Cheyenne Software          9 Cheyenne Software
10 IdentiTech                10 IdentiTech
11 Vertisoft                 11 Vertisoft
12 SunDisk                   12 SunDisk
13 Helix Software            13 Helix Software
14 Cogent Data Tech.         14 Cogent Data Tech.
15 Swan Technologies         15 Swan Technologies
16 Madge Networks Ltd.       16 Madge Networks Ltd.
17 ALR                       17 ALR


PC Vendor H Forum+           CIS:PCVENH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Object Design              1 Object Design         1 Conference Room 1
 2 IQ Technologies            2 IQ Technologies      10 SMI Conference Room
 3 Lahey Computer Sys.        3 Lahey Computer Sys.
 4 Reality Tech.              4 Reality Tech.
 5 WATCOM                     5 WATCOM
 6 ReferencePoint             6 ReferencePoint
 8 Micronetics Design         8 Micronetics Design
 9 Xircom                     9 Xircom
10 Strategic Mapping         10 Strategic Mapping
11 PCI SIG                   11 PCI SIG
12 Landmark Research         12 Landmark Research
13 Performance Tech          13 Performance Tech
14 ALCOM                     14 ALCOM
15 Datapoint                 15 Datapoint
16 RTA ltd.                  16 RTA ltd.


PC Vendor I Forum+           CIS:PCVENI

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Expert Choice              1 Expert Choice         1 Conference Room 1
 2 Pocket Soft                2 Pocket Soft
 4 Future Trends SW           4 Future Trends SW
 5 Greenview Data             5 Greenview Data
 6 Sytron Corporation         6 Sytron Corp
 7 Allied Telden              7 Allied Telden
 9 Kingston Technology        9 Kingston Technology
10 Banner Blue SW            10 Banner Blue SW
12 BMDP Statistical SW       12 BMDP Statistical SW
13 Norton-Lambert            13 Norton-Lambert
14 Sealevel Systems          14 Sealevel Systems
15 TACT Software             15 TACT Software
16 Sterling Software         16 Sterling Software
17 World Software            17 World Software


PC Vendor J Forum+           CIS:PCVENJ

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Fujitsu                    1 Fujitsu               1 Conference Room 1
 2 Elo TouchSystems           2 Elo TouchSystems
 3 Microcom, Inc.             3 Microcom, Inc.
 4 Frontline Software         4 Frontline Software
 5 Westech Corporation        5 Westech Corporation
 6 Butterworth Legal          6 Butterworth Legal
 7 Nirvana Systems Inc        7 Nirvana Systems
 8 Ftp Software Inc           8 Ftp Software Inc
 9 Lascaux Graphics           9 Lascaux Graphics
10 Tasking Software          10 Tasking Software
11 Bit Software              11 Bit Software
12 Santronics                12 Santronics
14 Galacticomm               14 Galacticomm


PC Week Extra Forum+         ZNT:PCWEEK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Public Discussion
 2 Hardware                   2 Labs/Benchmarks
 3 Software                   3 Spencer's Attic
 4 Networking                 4 Buyer's Guides
 5 Client/Server             10 Hot News!
 6 Jim Louderback
 7 PC Week Inside
 8 PC Week Netweek
 9 Letters to Editors
10 Spencer F. Katt
15 Sidebar


PC World Online Forum+       CIS:PCWORLD

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 2 Forum Help                 1 New Uploads           1 PC WORLD Conference
 3 Ask Our Editors            2 Featured this Month
 4 Lotus Edition              3 Featured in 1994
 5 Consumer Watch             4 Lotus Edition
 6 Shareware Help             5 Top Shareware
 7 Hardware                   6 Windows
 8 Software                   7 Windows Games
 9 Operating Systems          8 Test Drives
10 Multimedia                 9 Multimedia
11 Lans 'n Wans              10 Essential Utilities
12 User Groups               11 DOS Games
13 File Requests             12 Alternative OS's
14 The Lounge                13 Magazine Indices
15 Suggestion Box            14 Comm. and BBS
16 Real Prob./Solution       15 Graphics
17 Issue Feedback            16 Word Processing
                             17 Demo Disks


PDP-11 Forum+                CIS:PDP11

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General                    0 General               1 General
 1 RT11 Sys Software          1 RT11 Sys Software     2 RT11 Sys Software
 2 RT11 Applications          2 RT11 Applications     3 RT11 Applications
 3 RSX Software               3 RSX Software          4 RSX Software
 4 TSX Software               4 TSX Software          5 TSX Software
 5 Unix/C                     5 Unix/C                6 Unix/C
 6 Terminal Programs          6 Terminal Programs     7 Terminal Programs
 7 Hardware Hints             7 Hardware Hints        8 Hardware Hints
 8 Pro-300 Series             8 Pro-300 Series        9 Pro-300 Series
 9 Other Op/Systems           9 Other Op/Systems     10 Other Op/Systems
11 For Sale & Wanted         11 For Sale & Wanted
12 TSX-32


Pen Technology Forum+        CIS:PENFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 General/Help Info     1 General Meeting
 2 CIC                        2 CIC                   2 Formal Conference
 3 Slate Corp.                3 Slate Corp.
 5 PenRight!                  5 PenRight!
 6 EO/GO (PenPoint)           6 EO/GO (PenPoint)
 7 PenWorld                   7 PenWorld
 8 PDA Developers             8 PDA Developers
 9 Wacom Technology           9 Wacom Technology
11 IPAB                      11 IPAB
12 Win4Pen (unoffl)          13 New Product Ann.
13 Communications            14 Utilities/Apps
14 Other Pen Hardware        15 Demo programs
15 Other Pen Software        16 News/Reviews/Shows
16 News/Reviews/Shows        17 Miscellaneous
17 Community Square


Pets/Animal Forum+           CIS:PETS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Using this Forum           1 Using this Forum      1 Public Discussion
 3 Dogs' World                2 Veterinary            4 Cats
 4 Cat's Meow                 3 Dog Library           5 The Aviary
 5 Caged Birds                4 Cat Library           6 Reptiles/Exotics
 6 Reptiles/Exotic            5 Caged Bird Library    7 Vets' Office
 7 Ask-A-Vet                  6 Reptiles/Exotic       8 Horses
 8 Horse Keeping              7 Software/Programs     9 Room 9
 9 Cat Breeders World         8 Horse Library        10 The Support Group
10 The Support Group          9 Pet Products         11 Small Mammals
11 Small Mammals             10 Support Library      12 Dogs
12 Horse Training            11 Small Mammals        13 Room 13
13 The Watering Hole         12 Graphics Library     14 Animal Issues
14 Issues/News/Laws          13 Community Library    15 The Barn
15 Livestock                 14 News/Issues/Laws     16 NAIA
16 NAIA                      15 Livestock Library
                             16 NAIA Library


Pet Product/Ref Forum+       CIS:PETPRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 PETPRO Info Center         1 CS-Products Lib       1 PETPRO Help Center
 2 Allerpet                   2 Gov't Pubs/Fish       2 Product Sup. Center
 3 Aquarium Pharm             3 Monographs/Fish-Inv   3 The Boardroom
 4 Aquatic Book Shop          4 Monographs/Plants     4 Hospitality Suite
 5 Champion Supply Co.        5 Aquarium Fish Mag.
 6 Kent Marine                6 Drum & Croaker
 7 Kordon                     7 J. of Aquariculture
 8 Mardel                     8 Marine Reef/SRAB
 9 Marineland                 9 Today's Aquar & TAQ
10 Oasis Products            10 PIJAC Library
11 Other Companies           11 Pictures/All
12 Pet Warehouse             15 Internet List Lib.
13 SeaClear/Biologic         16 *** Uploads ***
14 Thiel Aqua Tech
15 Ultramarine
16 Wardley
17 Man's Best Friend


Photography Forum+           CIS:PHOTOFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Help/Uploads!        1 Forum Information     1 Main Room
 2 Photo News & Issues        2 Cameras & Lenses      2 Spare Room
 3 35mm Cameras               3 Tips/Amateur & Pro
 4 Medium/Large Format        4 Flash/Tripods/Etc
 5 Kodak's Photo CD           5 Digital Imaging
 6 Tripod/Flash/Gear          6 GIF/People/Kids
 7 Shooting Techniques        7 GIF/Nature/Wildlife
 8 Darkroom Tools             8 GIF/Manmade Things
 9 COLOR Process/Print        9 GIF/The Human Form
10 B&W   Process/Print       10 B&W Film/Process
11 Misc Photo/Location       11 Color Film/Process
12 Business & Stock          12 Business/Stock
14 Digital Imaging           13 Darkroom/Printing
15 PHOTO Swap Meet           14 Miscellaneous
16 About Photo <-NOT!        15 Util/GIF/JPG/ZIP
                             16 Photo Software


Play-By-Mail Games Forum+    CIS:PBMGAMES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 SF Games/Open-End          2 SF Games/Open-End     2 SF Games/Open-End
 3 SF Games/Closed-End        3 SF Games/Closed-End   3 SF Games/Closed-End
 4 Role-Playing Games         4 Role-Playing Games    4 Role-Playing Games
 5 Fantasy Games              5 Fantasy Games         5 Fantasy Games
 6 Other PBM/PBEM             6 Other PBM/PBEM        6 Other PBM/PBEM
 7 Diplomacy/Games            7 Diplomacy/Games       7 Diplomacy/Games
 8 Diplomacy/War Room         8 Diplomacy/War Room    8 Diplomacy/War Room
 9 Rail Games                 9 Rail Games            9 Rail Games
10 Board/Card Games          10 Board/Card Games     10 Board/Card Games
11 Board Wargames            11 Board Wargames       11 Board Wargames
12 Miniatures                12 Miniatures           12 Miniatures
14 PBM Magazines             14 PBM Magazines        14 PBM Magazines
15 PBM Vendors               15 PBM Vendors          15 PBM Vendors


Polaris Software Forum+      CIS:POLARIS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 PackRat 4 Support          1 PackRat 4 Support     2 Conference Center
 2 PackRat 5 Support          2 PackRat 5 Support     3 North Star Lounge
 3 Macros and more...         3 Macros and more...
 8 Third Party Wares          8 Third Party Wares
 9 Service Desk               9 Service Desk
10 North Star Lounge


Political Debate Forum+      CIS:POLITICS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 We the People              1 We the People         1 Conferences
 2 Republican Debate          2 Republican Debate     2 Republican Debate
 3 Democratic Debate          3 Democratic Debate     3 Democratic Debate
 4 Health Care                4 Health Care           4 Health Care
 5 UWSA Debate                5 UWSA Debate           5 UWSA Debate
 6 League/Women Voters        6 League/Women Voters   6 League/Women Voters
 7 Defense/Peace              7 Defense/Peace         7 Defense/Peace
 8 Conspiracy Theories        8 Conspiracy Theories   8 Conspiracy Theories
 9 Economy/Trade/Budgt        9 Economy/Trade/Budgt   9 Economy/Trade/Budgt
10 Individual Liberty        10 Individual Liberty   10 Individual Liberty
11 Libertarian Debate        11 Libertarian Debate   11 Libertarian Debate
12 Empower America           12 Empower America      12 Empower America
13 Education                 13 Education            13 Education
14 Common Cause              14 Common Cause         14 Common Cause
15 Federal Courts/Law        15 Federal Courts/Law   15 Federal Courts/Law
16 The Congress              16 The Congress         16 The Congress
17 Coventry                  17 Land Rights/WiseUse  17 Coventry


Portable Prog. Forum+        CIS:CODEPORT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Getting Started            1 Forum Help & Info.    1 Public
 2 Modula-2                   2 Modula-2              2 Unused
 3 Modula-3 & Oberon          3 Modula-3 & Oberon
 4 Pascal                     4 Pascal
 5 ADA                        5 ADA
 7 APL                        7 APL
 8 IBM Specific               8 IBM Specific
 9 C Language                 9 C Language
10 OOP Study Group           10 OOP Study Group
11 ISO Modula-2              11 ISO Modula-2
12 Renaissance Designr       12 Renaissance Designr
13 -                         13 -
14 The Back Porch            14 Everything Else


Powersoft Forum+             CIS:POWERSOFT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Hot Topics
 2 PowerBuilder               2 PowerBuilder          2 User Groups
 3 PowerMaker                 3 PowerMaker
 4 PowerViewer                4 PowerViewer
 5 PB Desktop                 5 PB Desktop
 6 DBMS Connections           6 DBMS Connections
 7 DataWindows                7 DataWindows
 8 User Groups                8 User Groups
 9 3rd Party Vendors          9 3rd Party Vendors
10 Powersoft Services        10 Powersoft Services
11 Classified Ads


The PR & MKTG Forum+        CIS:PRSIG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 INTRODUCTIONS              0 INTRODUCTIONS         2 CREATIVE TIME
 1 ON YOUR OWN                1 ON YOUR OWN           4 THE SPIN DOCTORS
 2 CREATIVE MATTERS           2 CREATIVE SPACE        6 ELECTRONIC SEMINARS
 3 DTP/PUBLICATIONS           3 DTP/PUBLICATIONS      7 MARKETING/AMA
 4 THE SPIN DOCTORS           4 THE SPIN DOCTORS      8 IABC/Hyperspace
 5 MY TECH PR                 5 MY TECH PR           11 QRCA
 6 ELECTRONIC SEMINARS        6 ELECTRONIC SEMINARS  12 JOBS ONLINE
 7 MARKETING/AMA              7 MARKETING/AMA        15 PRSA/BUSINESS/EDUC
 8 IABC/Hyperspace            8 IABC/Hyperspace      18 THE OPEN DOOR
 9 ONLINE NEWSLETTERS         9 ONLINE NEWSLETTERS
10 INTERNATIONAL             10 INTELNET
12 PRL:JOBS ONLINE           12 PRL:JOBS ONLINE
13 ADVERTISING/D-M           13 ADVERTISING/D-M
14 RESEARCH                  14 RESEARCH
15 PRSA/BUSINESS/EDUC        15 PRSA/BUSINESS/EDUC
17 MEDIA/CRISIS COMM         17 MEDIA/CRISIS COMM


Practical Periph. Forum+     CIS:PPIFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Info & Help        1 General Info & Help   1 The Meeting Room
 2 Low-Speed Modems           2 Communications        2 The Living Room
 3 High-Speed Modems          3 General Utilities     3 The Den
 4 Pocket Modems              4 Print Buffer Files    4 The Porch
 5 FAX Modems                 5 Learning Center
 6 Non-IBM Comm Q&A           6 Product Info
 7 Printer Buffers Q&A
 8 Town Square



Practice Forum(FREE)         CIS:PRACTICE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Info & Help        1 General Info & Help   1 The Meeting Room
 2 Low-Speed Modems           2 Communications        2 The Living Room
 3 High-Speed Modems          3 General Utilities     3 The Den
 4 Pocket Modems              4 Print Buffer Files    4 The Porch
 5 FAX Modems                 5 Learning Center
 6 Non-IBM Comm Q&A           6 Product Info
 7 Printer Buffers Q&A
 8 Town Square


Prentice-Hall Forum+         CIS:PHCP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Section            1 General Library       1 General
 2 Word Processing            2 Word Processing
 3 Graphics & DTP             3 Graphics & DTP
 4 Database                   4 Database
 5 Spreadsheets               5 Spreadsheets
 6 Operating Systems          6 Operating Systems
 7 Networking & Comms         7 Networking & Comms
 8 CAD                        8 CAD
 9 Programming                9 Programming
10 Games                     10 Games
11 Utilities                 11 Utilties
12 Macintosh                 12 Macintosh
13 Multimedia                13 Multimedia
14 Windows & Utilities       14 Windows & Utilities
15 News Releases             15 News Releases
16 Que Software              16 Que Software


Prisma Deutschland Forum+    CIS:PRISMA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Sonstiges                  1 Sonstiges             1 Quark XPress
 2 Neue Uploads               2 Neue Uploads          2 Multimedia
 3 Mac Claris Support         3 Mac Claris Support    3 Netzwerke N&C
 4 Mac Client/Server          4 Mac Client/Server
 5 Mac Office Software        5 Mac Office Software
 6 Mac Publishing             6 Mac Publishing
 7 Mac Netzwerke N&C          7 Mac Netzwerke N&C
 8 Mac Hardware               8 Mac Hardware


PSP BETA FORUM+              CIS:PSPBETA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 OS/2 2.1 SP Beta           1 OS/2 2.1 SP Beta      1 Conference Room 1
 2 32 Bit SVGA 16             2 32 Bit SVGA 16
 3 CD-ROM Beta Drivers        3 CD-ROM Beta Drivers
 4 MWAVE Beta Drivers         4 MWAVE Beta Drivers
 5 Ultimotion Beta            5 Ultimotion Beta
 9 OS/2 Peer Beta             9 OS/2 Peer Beta
10 Lan Distance              10 Lan Distance
11 Lan DEVCON                11 Application Server
16 Beta Gen. Feedback        17 Beta Information
17 Beta Information


Quarterdeck Forum+           CIS:QUARTERDEC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Product Information        1 New Uploads           1 Starboard Bow
 2 Memory Management          2 Company Information   2 Port Bow
 3 DESQview                   3 QEMM Technotes
 4 DESQview/X                 4 QRAM*QEMM 50/60*MFT
 5 Beginner's Qorner          5 DESQview Technotes
 6 The PoopDEQ                6 DESQview/X Technote
 7 Suggestion Box             7 X Applications
 8 Customer Service          10 Patches / Programs
 9 API/Programming           11 User Submissions


Quick Picture Forum+         CIS:QPICS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 New Images                 1 New Images            2 Public Discussion
 2 General Discussion         2 Focus: Satellite
 3 Hall of Fame               3 Hall of Fame
 4 Cars-Boats-Planes          4 Cars-Boats-Planes
 5 People & Portraits         5 People & Portraits
 6 Landscapes                 6 Landscapes
 7 World of Nature            7 World of Nature
 8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi           8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi
 9 Cartoons & Comics          9 Cartoons & Comics
10 DTP & Clipart             10 DTP & Clipart
11 Landmarks                 11 Landmarks
12 Logos-Promos-Maps         12 Logos-Promos-Maps
13 Potpourri                 13 Potpourri
14 Body Beautiful            14 Body Beautiful
15 Plain Brown Wrapper       15 Plain Brown Wrapper
16 Text/ANSI Art             16 Text/ANSI Art


Recreation Vehicle Forum+    CIS:RVFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Get Acquainted!
 2 Clubs / Activities         2 Clubs / Activities    2 Room Two - Informal
 3 Destinations/Parks         3 Destinations/Parks
 4 Tent/Pickup Campers        4 Tent/Pickup Campers
 5 Trailers/Tow Vehic.        5 Trailers/Tow Vehic.
 6 Motorhomes                 6 Motorhomes
 7 Accessories                7 Accessories
 8 Vendor Support             8 Press Releases
 9 Sale / Trade / Want        9 Sale / Trade / Want
10 The Shade Tree            10 Mfgr Tech Bulletins
11 Communications            11 Communications
12 Good Sam Club             12 Good Sam Club
13 Tech Tips/Questions       13 Tech Tips


Religion Forum+              CIS:RELIGION

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Topics             1 General Topics        1 General Topics
 2 Christianity               2 Christianity          2 Christianity
 3 Judaism                    3 Judaism               3 Judaism
 4 Eastern Religions          4 Eastern Religions     4 Eastern Religions
 5 Islam                      5 Islam                 5 Islam
 6 Interfaith Dialog          6 Interfaith Dialog     6 Interfaith Dialog
 7 Limbo                      7 Limbo                 7 Chit Chat
 8 Pagan, Occult              8 Pagan, Occult         8 Pagan, Occult
 9 Scholarship                9 Scholarship           9 Scholarship
10 Religion & Science        10 Religion & Science   10 Religion & Science
11 Catholic & Orthodox       11 Catholic & Orthodox  11 Catholic & Orthodox
12 Ministry Management       12 Ministry Management  12 Ministry Management
13 Latter-Day Saints         13 Latter-Day Saints    13 Latter-Day Saints
14 Free Thought              14 Free Thought         14 Free Thought
15 Ethics & Debates          15 Ethics & Debates     15 Ethics & Debates
16 Baha'i                    16 Baha'i               16 Baha'i
17 Youth Line                17 Youth Line           17 Youth Line


Republican Forum+            CIS:REPUBLICAN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Debate             1 General               1 The Capitol
 2 Domestic Policy            2 GOP News              2 The Cloakroom
 3 Foreign Policy             3 Rising Tide
 4 The Economy/Deficit        4 X-raying the Plan
 5 Health Care                5 Monday Briefing
 6 Crime                      6 GOP House
 7 Defense                    7 GOP Senate
 8 Welfare Reform


Reuter News Pictures Forum+  CIS:NEWSPI

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
                              2 United States GIFs
                              3 World GIFs


Revelation Tech Forum+       CIS:REVELATION

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 New Users                  1 New User Info         1 RevTI Lounge
 2 Hot Topics                 2 Tech Builetins        2 Executive Suite
 3 AREV R/Basic               3 ARev Utilities
 4 AREV Design                4 ARev Tips/Tricks
 5 Oinsight Basic+            5 OInsight Utilities
 6 OInsight Design            6 OInsight Tip/Tricks
 7 Networks/Bonds/OS          7 Networking Utils
 8 Upgrade Issues             8 Update/Maint Rel
 9 RevTI Executive            9 Press Releases
10 International Dev         10 Other Utilities
11 MVA / Migration           11 MVA / Other OS's
12 Revelation G              12 Revelation G2B
13 Person to Person          13 3rd Party Utils
15 ARev Qual Assurance       14 Just for fun
16 OI Qual Assurance         15 ARev Qual Assurance
                             16 OI Qual Assurance


Rocknet Forum+               CIS:ROCKNET

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Rock Music                 1 Rock Music            1 Party Room!!!!
 2 Rock Radio                 2 Rock Radio
 3 Reviews/LK                 3 Reviews
 4 Q&A/Help                   4 Q&A/Help
 5 Rock Film & Video          5 Rock Film & Video
 6 RockLetters/TATU           6 RockLetters
 7 The Dead                   7 The Dead
 8 Heavy Metal                8 Heavy Metal
 9 Vintage Rock               9 Old Wave
10 RaveNet!                  10 New Music
11 New Music                 11 Compact Discs
12 Village Green             12 Graphics/Programs
13 Racer Records             13 Racer Records
14 General/Misc.             14 General Misc


Role-Playing Games Forum+    CIS:RPGAMES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 AD&D                       2 AD&D                  2 AD&D
 3 Fantasy                    3 Fantasy               3 Fantasy
 4 SF/Near Future             4 SF/Near Future        4 SF/Near Future
 5 SF/Far Future              5 SF/Far Future         5 SF/Far Future
 6 Heroes                     6 Heroes                6 Heroes
 7 Horror/Occult              7 Horror/Occult         7 Horror/Occult
 8 Other RPGs                 8 Other RPGs            8 Other RPGs
 9 Cross-Genre RPGs           9 Cross-Genre RPGs      9 Cross-Genre RPGs
10 GameMastering             10 GameMastering        10 GameMastering
11 Playing/Recruitment       11 Playing/Recruitment  11 Playing/Recruitment
12 RPG Industry              12 RPG Industry         12 RPG Industry
13 Board/Card RPGs           13 Board/Card RPGs      13 Board/Card RPGs
14 The Crossroads            14 The Crossroads       14 The Crossroads
                                                     16 Game Room #A
                                                     18 Game Room #B


Rotarians Online Forum+      CIS:ROTARY

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Interest           1 General Interest      2 Club Assembly
 2 What's Happening           2 Rogues Gallery        3 Make Ups
 3 ICUFR at Large             3 ICUFR at Large
 4 Special Projects           4 Special Projects
 5 Rotary at Large            5 Rotary at Large
 6 Club Service               6 Club Service
 7 Vocational Service         7 Vocational Service
 8 Community Service          8 Community Service
 9 Int'l Service              9 Int'l Service
10 Rotary Foundation         10 Rotary Foundation
11 Computers & Rotary        11 Computers & Rotary
12 Soapbox/Hot Topic         12 Rotary Graphics
13 Friends and Fun
14 New Users
15 Trivia & Chatter


Safetynet Forum+             CIS:SAFETYNET

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 GENERAL INTEREST           0 GIF/GRAPHICS          2 MAIN CONFERENCE
 2 ASK AN EXPERT              1 GENERAL INTEREST      3 ROUND TABLE
 3 SAFETY                     2 ASK AN EXPERT         4 GREEN ROOM
 4 SYSTEM SAFETY              3 SAFETY                5 SQUAD ROOM
 5 TRANSP. SAFETY             4 SYSTEM SAFETY         6 COMMAND POST
 6 FIRE                       5 TRANSP. SAFETY
 7 EMS                        6 FIRE
 8 POLICE CHATTER             7 EMS
 9 POLICE BUSINESS            8 POLICE CHATTER
11 SECURITY INDUSTRY          9 POLICE BUSINESS
12 ASSOCIATIONS              11 PRIVATE SECURITY
13 COMPUTER APPS/SECUR       12 ASSOCIATIONS
14 AIHA/ACGIH                13 COMPUTER APPLICAT.
15 INDUST. HYGIENE           14 AIHA/ACGIH
16 CONSTRUCTION H & S        15 IND. HYGIENE
17 QUAKE CENTER              16 CONSTRUCTION H&S
                             17 NON-BUSINESS


Sailing Forum+               CIS:SAILING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 The Lounge
 2 Seamanship & Safety        2 Seamanship & Safety   2 The Salon
 3 Navigation Station         3 Navigation Station    3 Lazaret
 4 Cruising Grounds           4 Cruising Grounds     17 The Officer's Mess
 5 Racing & Regattas          5 Racing & Regattas
 6 Outfitting & Gear          6 Outfitting & Gear
 7 Monohulls                  7 Monohulls
 8 Multihulls                 8 Multihulls
 9 Windsurfing                9 Windsurfing
10 BOC Oceanwatch            10 BOC Oceanwatch
11 America's Cup             11 America's Cup
12 US SAILING                12 US Sailing (USYRU)
13 Blue Water Records        13 Blue Water Records
14 Living Aboard             14 Living Aboard
15 Mariner's Lounge          15 Ship's Store
16 Community Sailing         16 Community Sailing
17 Whitbread Race            17 Whitbread Race


Santa Cruz Operation Forum+  CIS:SCOFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 Potpourri             2 The SCO Lounge
 2 SCO Open Server            2 Games & Toys
 3 SCO Open Desktop           3 X11/Motif Binaries
 4 SCO UNIX                   4 UNIX Binaries
 5 SCO Xenix                  5 Xenix Binaries
 6 SCO+Windows and DOS        6 Non-UNIX Files
 7 Development Systems        7 Source Code
 8 Third Party Apps           8 Third Party Files
 9 SCO Announcements          9 SCO Literature
10 Communications            10 Information Tools
11 Hardware                  11 SCO SLS Files
12 Networking                12 SCO EFS/AHS Files
13 At the Shell Prompt       13 SCO TLS Files
14 SCO World Magazine        14 SCO Extras


Science Fiction Forum+       CIS:SCI-FI

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General CIS Info           1 General Forum Info    2 Ten-Forward
 2 Star Trek                  2 Star Trek             3 S.F. Library
 3 SF Literature              3 SF Literature         4 The TARDIS
 4 Fantasy Literature         4 Fantasy Literature    5 The Press Room
 5 Publishers' Corner         5 Publishers' Corner    6 The Lab
 6 Science Fact               6 Science Fact          7 The Con Suite
 7 The Con Suite              7 ConSuite/PicGallery   8 The Weyred Room
 8 McCaffrey's Pern-TM        8 McCaffrey's Pern/TM
 9 SF/Fantasy Film            9 SF/Fantasy Film
10 SF/Fantasy TV             10 SF/Fantasy TV
11 British Media SF          11 British Media SF
13 Soc. Creat. Anach.        12 CO Transcripts
14 Writing SF/Fantasy        13 Soc. Creat. Anach.
15 Writing Workshop          14 Fiction/Working Mss
16 Conventions/Fandom        15 Writing Workshop
                             16 Conventions/Fandom


Science/Math Ed. Forum+      CIS:SCIENCE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 Student Area               0 Student Area          1 Student's Area
 1 FRACTALS/CHAOS             1 FRACTALS/CHAOS        2 SKEPTICON
 2 Physics                    2 Physics               3 Teacher's Area
 3 Chemistry                  3 Chemistry             4 Science Room
 4 Biology                    4 Biology               5 Math Room
 5 Mathematics                5 Mathematics           7 Astronomy
 6 Commodore Science          6 Commodore Science     8 GEOLOGISTS' AREA
 7 Apple Science              7 Apple Science
 8 Tandy/IBM Science          8 Tandy/IBM Science
 9 Teachers Only Area         9 Teachers Only Area
10 SPECULATIVE SCIENCE       10 SPECULATIVE SCIENCE
11 General Science           11 General Messages
12 Geology                   12 Geology/Earth Sci
15 New Uploads               13 SYSOPS ONLY
16 The Cosmos                15 New Uploads
17 ECON/STATISTICS           16 The Cosmos
                             17 ECON/STATISTICS


Scuba Forum+                 CIS:DIVING

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Non Diving and Help        0 NEW UPLOADS GO HERE   1 The Oyster Bar
 1 General Scuba              1 General Scuba         2 Dive Sites
 2 U.S.Dive Sites             2 U.S.Dive Sites        3 Club Meetings
 3 Non-U.S.Diving             3 Non U.S.Diving        4 Events & News
 4 Manufacturers\Mags         4 Manufacturers\Mags    5 Equipment
 5 Scuba Equipment            5 SCUBA Equipment       6 Diving Specialties
 6 Cave\Wreck\Cavern          6 Cave\Wreck\Cavern     7 Education
 7 U.W. Photo & Video         7 U.W. Photo & Video    8 Scheduled Co's
 8 Agencies\Education         8 Agencies\Education
 9 Careers\Commercial         9 Careers\Commercial
10 Events & Clubs            10 Events & Clubs
11 Diving Medicine           11 DAN/Diving Medicine
12 Technical Diving          12 Technical Diving
13 Snorkeling                13 Snorkeling
14 "I Need A Buddy..."       14 Pics & Graphics
15 Equipment Mart            15 Software!
16 Access Requested          16 Experiences\Stories


Seniors Forum+               CIS:SENIORS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Help & Info        1 General Help & Info   1 Main  CO Room
 2 Social Security            2 Social Security       2 Extra CO Room
 3 The Town Square            3 The Town Square
 4 Health & Medicine          4 Health & Medicine
 5 Eating Right               5 Eating Right
 6 Medicare                   6 Medicare
 7 Legal Issues               7 Legal Issues
 8 Caregiving                 8 Caregiving
 9 Going & Doing              9 Going and Doing
10 Computer/Graphics         10 Computer/Graphics
11 Families and Aging        11 Families and Aging
12 Productive Aging          12 Productive Aging
13 Housing                   13 Housing
14 Fitness                   14 Fitness
15 Money                     15 Money
                             16 Archives


ShowBiz Forum+               CIS:SHOWBIZ

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Forum Information          0 Forum Information     1 Showbiz Confer. I
 1 Home Entertainment         1 Home Entertainment    2 Showbiz Confer. II
 2 New/Recent Films           2 New/Recent Films      3 Showbiz Confer. III
 3 Older/Classic Films        3 Older/Classic Films   4 Screenwriting
 4 Television                 4 Television            5 "Stein Online"-TALK
 5 Celebrities                5 Celebrities
 6 Roger Ebert                6 Hollywood Online
 7 ABC Soap Operas            7 SECTION IN DEVELOP.
 8 NBC Soap Operas            8 B/W GIF Photos
 9 CBS Soap Operas            9 Color GIF Photos
10 Music/Radio               10 Radio/Music
11 Theater/Stage             11 Theater/Stage
12 TV/Film Production        12 TV/Film Production
13 MST3K                     13 MST3K/Comedy
14 Comedy                    14 Showbiz Software
15 Screenwriting             15 Screenwriting
16 Trivia Q&As               16 Trivia Q&As
17 Talk Show/Green Rm.       17 Talk Show/Green Rm.


Siemens Automatisierungs Forum+ CIS:AUTFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Allgem. / General          1 Neue Dat./New files   1 Automatisierung
 2 SIMATIC                    2 Allgemein / General   3 English spoken here
 3 SIMATIC TI505 & PCS        3 SIMATIC
 4 Ausr.Sondermasch.          4 SIMATIC TI505 & PCS
 5 Dokumentation              5 Ausr.Sondermasch.
 6 Training/CBT               6 Dokumentation
 7 COROS                      7 Training / CBT
 8 SINEC                      8 COROS
                              9 SINEC


Sight And Sound Forum+       CIS:SSFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 New Uploads           2 General Conference
 2 Animation                  2 Animation Library
 3 Graphics                   3 Graphics Storeroom
 4 Sampling                   4 Sound Clips Library
 5 MIDI                       5 MIDI Song Library
 6 Amiga/Atari                6 Amiga/Atari Files
 7 Macintosh                  7 Macintosh Files
 8 IBM/MS-DOS                 8 IBM/MS-DOS Files
 9 Sound Cards                9 Sound Card Library
10 Sight & Sound GIFs        10 Sight & Sound GIFs
16 Programmer's Den          16 Programmer's Stuff


Software Pub. Assoc. Forum+  CIS:SPAFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Ask SPA                    1 Ask SPA               1 General Discussion
 2 Hot Topics                 2 Hot Topics            2
 3 SPAudit                    3 SPAudit
 4 Business Section           4 Business Section
 5 Consumer Section           5 Consumer Section
 6 Education Section          6 Education Section
 7 Workgroup SIG              7 Workgroup SIG
 8 Miscellany                 8 Miscellany
 9 PR SIG                     9 PR SIG
10 SPA Europe                10 SPA Europe
11 EDSIG


Software Publishing Forum+   CIS:SPCFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   2 GENERAL INFORMATION
 2 Professional File          2 Professional File     3 Professional File
 3 Professional Write         3 Professional Write    4 Professional Write
 5 Pro. Write PLUS            5 Pro. Write PLUS       5 Superbase
 6 Harvard Proj.Mgr.3         6 Harvard Proj.Mgr.3    6 Harvard Graphics
 7 Harvard Graphics           7 Harvard Graphics
 8 HG Windows                 8 HG Windows
 9 Harvard Draw               9 Harvard Draw
10 International             10 International
11 Harvard GeoGraphics       11 Harvard GeoGraphics
12 OfficeWriter              12 OfficeWriter
14 HG Advisor                14 HG Advisor
16 Superbase                 16 Superbase


Space Forum+                 CIS:SPACEFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 Meeting Hall
 2 Science/Technology         2 Vehicles/Satellites   2 Formal Conferences
 3 Rockets/Propulsion         3 Science/Technology
 4 Earth Satellites           4 Issues and Politics
 5 Space Shuttle              5 Flight Operations
 6 Space Station              6 Space History
 7 Planetary Probes           7 Extraterrestrials?
 8 Humans Beyond LEO          8 The Future
 9 International Prgms        9 Software
10 Graphics/Animation        10 STS MISSION GIFS
11 Aeronautics               11 VEHICLE/SAT GIFS
12 Issues and Politics       12 SPACE HISTORY GIFS
13 Extraterrestrials         13 SOLAR SYSTEM GIFS
14 Science Fiction           14 DEEP SKY ASTRO GIFS
15 News/Current Events       15 MISCELLANEOUS GIFS
16 Space-Time Physics        16 Audio & Animation
17 ET Simulation             17 Recent Uploads


Spinnaker Software Forum+    CIS:SPINNAKER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 Spinnaker/PFS:
 2 Spinnaker PLUS             2 Spinnaker PLUS        2 Power Up!
 3 PFS:First Choice           3 PFS:First Choice      3 PLUS
 4 PFS:First Publisher        4 PFS:First Publisher
 5 Eight-in-One               5 Eight-in-One
 6 PFS: <DOS> apps            6 PFS: <DOS> apps
 7 PFS:Resume Pro             7 PFS:Resume Pro
 8 PFS:Publisher              8 PFS:Publisher
 9 PFS: <Win/OS2> apps        9 PFS: <Win/OS2> apps
10 EasyWorking DOS/Win       10 EasyWorking DOS/Win
11 PFS:WindowWorks           11 PFS:WindowWorks
14 Calendar Creator          14 Calendar Creator
15 Address Book Plus         15 Address Book Plus
16 Labels Unlimited          16 Labels Unlimited
17 Express Publisher         17 Express Publisher


Sports Forum+                CIS:FANS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Business             1 Forum Business        2 Room 2
 2 Football                   2 Football              3 Room 3
 3 Basketball                 3 Basketball            4 Room 4
 4 Hockey                     4 Hockey                5 Room 5
 5 Other Sports               5 Other Sports          6 Room 6
 6 Baseball                   6 Baseball              7 * RINGSIDE *
 7 Ring Things                7 Ring Things           8 Room 8
 8 Sport of Kings             8 Sports of Kings       9 Room 9
 9 Fantasy Sports Info        9 Fantasy Sports       10 Room 10
10 FBB Information           10 FBB Statistics       11 Room 11
11 Fantasy BB Talk           11 Fantasy Baseball     12 Room 12
12 FBB AL Transactions       12 FBB AL Info          13 Room 13
13 FBB NL Transactions       13 FBB NL Info          14 Room 14
14 Golf/Tennis/Soccer        15 Fantasy Football     15 Room 15
15 FBB FROZEN ROSTERS        16 Off Line League      16 Room 16
16 HOT:MARCH MADNESS         17 Fantasy Basketball   17 * SKYBOX *
17 Fantasy Basketball                                18 ALL STAR GAME


Sports Simulation Forum+     CIS:SPRTSIMS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General/Help
 2 Baseball                   2 Baseball              2 Baseball
 3 Football                   3 Football              3 Football
 4 Basketball                 4 Basketball            4 Basketball
 5 Golf                       5 Golf                  5 Golf
 6 Motorsports                6 Motorsports           6 Motorsports
 7 Hockey                     7 Hockey                7 Hockey
 8 Boxing/Wrestling           8 Boxing/Wrestling      8 Boxing/Wrestling
 9 Other Sports Sims          9 Other Sports Sims     9 Other Sports Sims
10 Basketball Leagues        10 Basketball Leagues   10 Basketball Leagues
11 Baseball Leagues          11 Baseball Leagues     11 Baseball Leagues
12 Football Leagues          12 Football Leagues     12 Football Leagues
13 Golf Tours                13 Golf Tours           13 Golf Tours
14 Racing Circuits           14 Racing Circuits      14 Racing Circuits
15 Hockey Leagues            15 Hockey Leagues       15 Hockey Leagues
16 Independent Leagues       16 Independent Leagues  16 Independent Leagues


Stac Electronics Forum+      CIS:STACKER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Pre-Sales                  1 Utilities             1 Public
 2 Stacker 1 and 2            2 Product Information
 3 Stacker 3.x                3 Tech Notes General
 4 Stacker 4.0                4 Tech Notes v4.0
 5 OS/2                       5 OS/2
 6 Macintosh                  6 Macintosh
 7 Developer Products         7 Developer Products
                              8 DOS Batch Files


Standard Microsystems Forum+  CIS:SMC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General Information        0 News/Product Info.    1 General Information
 1 Suggestion Box             1 Misc. Utilities       2 Technical Questions
 2 Arcnet                     2 Arcnet                3 Marketing Inquiries
 3 Ethernet Elite             3 Ethernet Elite
 4 Ethernet 30XX              4 Ethernet 30XX
 5 Token Ring Elite           5 Token Ring Elite
 6 Network Management
 7 ES/1 Switching Hub


Students' Forum+             CIS:STUFO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Interest           1 General Interest      1 Casual Conversation
 2 Grade/Middle School        2 Grade/Middle School   2 Newcomers
 3 High School                3 High School           3 Kids
 4 College/University         4 College/University    4 Teens
 5 Grad/Professional          5 Grad/Professional     5 College Students
 6 Business/Careers           6 Business/Careers      9 High Schools Online
 7 Arts/Music/Drama           7 Arts/Music/Drama     10 Debates
 8 Computers                  8 Computers            11 Classroom A
 9 English/Literature         9 English/Literature   12 Classroom B
10 History/Geography         10 History/Geography    13 Formal Meetings
11 Languages/Cultures        11 Languages/Cultures   14 Informal Meetings
12 Math/Science/Tech         12 Math/Science/Tech    15 Adults
13 Psych/Sociology           13 Psych/Sociology      16 Global Village
14 Activities/Debate         14 Activities/Debate    17 Student Lounge
15 Survival Center           15 Survival Center
16 Global Village            16 Global Village
17 Student Lounge            17 Student Lounge


SunSelect Forum+             CIS:SUNSELECT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Wabi                       1 Wabi                  1 Informal Conference
 2 PWI                        2 PWI
 3 PC-NFS family              3 PC-NFS family
 4 SelectMAIL                 4 SelectMAIL
 5 SunPC                      5 SunPC
 6 NetWare SunLink            6 NetWare SunLink
 9 Solaris X86                7 TOPS/NetPrint Sun
10 Solaris Sparc              8 Developers
11 Interactive UNIX           9 Solaris X86
14 Support/Training          10 Solaris Sparc
17 Sun User-to-User          11 Interactive UNIX
                             14 Support/Training
                             17 News & Product Info


Sybase Forum+                CIS:SYBASE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Tech Info          1 General Tech Info     1 General Conference
 2 Gen Sales/Mktg Info        2 Gen Sales/Mktg Info   2 Conference Room 2
 3 User Groups                3 User Groups
 5 SQL Server/SA Tools        5 SQL Server/SA Tools
 6 Sybase Education           6 Sybase Education
 7 APT/DWB/SQR/DEFT           7 APT/DWB/SQR/DEFT
 8 Gain Momentum              8 Gain Momentum
 9 Connectivity Prods         9 Connectivity Prods
10 Replication Server        10 Replication Server
11 PC Products               11 PC Products
13 3rd Party Products        13 3rd Party Products


SYBEX Publishing Forum+      CIS:SYBEX

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 SW Treasure Chest     1 Computer Chit-Chat
 2 Word Processors            2 Word Processing       3 Hot Topics
 3 Spreadsheets               3 Spreadsheets          4 Author's Den
 4 Databases                  4 Databases             5 Room 5
 5 OS's & Programming         5 OS's & Programming
 6 Utils/Communication        6 Utils/Communication
 7 Networks                   7 Networks
 8 CAD & Graphics             8 CAD & Graphics
 9 Multimedia                 9 Multimedia
10 Macintosh                 10 Macintosh
11 Games                     11 Games
12 Hardware                  12 Hardware
13 Novell Press              13 Book Disks
                             14 Bonus Software
                             15 Novell Press


Symantec AntiVirus Prod. Forum+ CIS:SYMVIRUS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Orders & Upgrades          1 Upgrade Info & PR     1 Conference Room 1
 2 SAM AntiVirus - MAC        2 SAM AntiVirus - MAC
 3 Norton AntiVirus PC        3 Norton AntiVirus
 4 NAV Suggestion Box         4 NAV suggestion Box
 5 NOVI                       5 NOVI
 6 Certus                     6 Certus
 7 Virus Discussions          7 Virus Discussions
 8 NAV for Netware            8 NAV for Netware
                             16 Live Virus Uploads


Symantec Applications Forum+  CIS:SYMAPPS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Customer Service           1 Upgrade & PR Info     1 Conference Room 1
 2 Q&A Write & data           2 Q&A Write & Data
 3 MORE                       3 MORE
 4 Project Management         4 Project Management
 5 GrandView                  5 GrandView
 6 GreatWorks                 6 GreatWorks
 7 JustWrite                  7 JustWrite
 8 ACT! Products              8 ACT! Products


Symantec Dev. Tools Forum+   CIS:SYMDEVTOOL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Customer Service           1 Upgrade Info & PR     1 Conference Room 1
 2 Think C                    2 Think C
 3 Think Pascal               3 Think Pascal
 4 TCL & OOP                  4 TCL & OOP
 5 Zortech C++ DOS            5 Zortech C++ DOS
 6 Zortech C++ WinOS2         6 Zortech C++ WinOS2
 7 Multiscope                 7 Multiscope
 8 Bedrock discussion         8 Bedrock
 9 Actor, WRT, & OGL          9 Actor, WRT, & OGL
10 Think Reference           10 Think Reference
11 Symantec C++MAC/MPW       11 Symantec C++MAC/MPW
12 Symantec C++ PRO          12 Symantec C++ PRO


Symantec FGS Forum+          CIS:SYMFGS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 General Conferences
 2 FastBack DOS & WIN         2 FastBack DOS & WIN    2 PC Conferences
 3 FastBack NET & UNIX        3 FastBack NET & UNIX   3 Mac Conferences
 4 REMOTE CONTROL PC          4 REMOTE CONTROL PC     4 Network Conferences
 5 Direct Access PC           5 Direct Access PC      5 UNIX Conferences
 6 DATA SECURITY PC           6 DATA SECURITY PC      6 Back Room
 7 VIRUS PREVENTION PC        7 VIRUS PREVENTION PC
 9 Other PC products          9 Other PC products
10 FastBack Mac              10 FastBack Mac
11 DATA SECURITY Mac         11 DATA SECURITY Mac
12 Suitcase Mac              12 Suitcase Mac
13 SPOOLER Mac               13 SPOOLER Mac
14 DOUBLER Mac               14 DOUBLER Mac
15 Other Mac products        15 Other Mac products
16 Back Room                 16 Back Room PC
                             17 Back Room Mac


Symantec Norton Util Forum+  CIS:SYMUTIL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Orders & Upgrades          1 Upgrade & PR Info
 2 Desktop for DOS            2 Desktop for DOS
 3 Desktop for Windows        3 Desktop for Windows
 4 Administrator [NAN]        4 Administrator [NAN]
 5 Backup for DOS             5 Backup for DOS
 6 Backup for Windows         6 Backup for Windows
 7 Commander & Editor         7 Commander & Editor
 8 Commander OS/2             8 Commander for OS/2
 9 Symantec Util. MAC         9 Symantec Util. MAC
10 Norton Util. MAC          10 Norton Util. MAC
11 Norton Util. DOS          11 Norton Util. DOS
12 EssentialsPowerbook       12 EssentialsPowerbook
13 pcANYWHERE DOS            13 pcANYWHERE DOS
14 pcANYWHERE Windows        14 pcANYWHERE Windows
15 Norton Speedrive          15 Norton Speedrive


SynOptics Forum+             CIS:SYNOPTICS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 SynOptics Public           1 SynOptics Public      1 SynOptics Public


Tandy Model 100 Forum+       CIS:TANDYLAPTOP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General/Help          1 General Conferences
 2 Text                       2 Text                  2 General Conferences
 3 Telcom                     3 Telcom
 4 Applications               4 Applications
 5 Games                      5 Games
 6 Graphics/Music             6 Graphics/Music
 7 Utilities                  7 Utilities
 8 Tech/Programming           8 Tech/Programming
 9 Peripherals                9 Peripherals
10 Tandy 200                 10 Tandy 200
11 Tandy 600                 11 Tandy 600
12 NEC/Olivetti/Kyo85        12 NEC/Olivetti/Kyo-85
13 Products/Reviews          13 Products/Reviews
14 Private For-Sales         14 Programming Contest
15 WP-2 Support              15 WP-2 Support
17 The Soapbox               17 The Soapbox


Tandy Professional Forum+    CIS:TANDYPRO

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 The Soapbox                1 Soapbox/GeneralInfo   1 General Conferences
 2 .                          5 PC Compatibles        2 General Conferences
 3 .                          6 MS-DOS Applications
 4 .                          7 MS-DOS Utilities
 5 T1000/1400/3000/4K         8 DeskMate
 6 MS-DOS Applications        9 Tandy 2000
 7 MS-DOS Utilities          10 T2K Patches
 8 DeskMate                  11 GIF / PC Graphics
 9 Tandy 2000                12 Models 2,12, & 16
10 T2K Patches               13 /usr/XENIX
12 Models 2,12,& 16          14 Products/Reviews
13 /usr/XENIX                15 Models 1/3
14 Private For-Sales         16 Models 4/4P
15 Model 1 / 3               17 Model 3/4 Graphics
16 Model 4 / 4P
17 Model 3/4 Graphics


TAPCIS Forum+                CIS:TAPCIS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 TAPCIS Q & A               1 TAPCIS (R)            1 Main Conference
 2 Scripts and Tools          2 Scripts and Tools
 3 Modems/HW/OS               3 Modem/HW/OS
 4 Problem reports            4 Problem reports
 5 Suggestion box             5 Suggestions
 6 International              6 International
 7 The TAProom                7 The TAProom
 8 Section 8                 16 TAPNEWS/Fact File
16 TAPNews and Notices       17 Dixonary
17 The Parlor


Telecommunications Forum+    CIS:TELECOM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 PartyLine                  1 News/Telecom Digest   1 Public Discussion
 2 Telco/Cable Cos.           2 Telco/Cable Cos.      2 Public Discussion
 3 Messaging/Email/EDI        3 Messaging/Email/EDI
 4 Voice Processing           4 Voice Processing
 5 America's Network          5 America's Network
 6 Network Security           6 Network Security
 7 Data/ISDN                  7 Data/ISDN
 8 Voice/Video Conf.          8 Voice/Video Conf.
 9 Cellular/PCS               9 Cellular/PCS
10 Wireless Data/Page        10 Wireless Data/Page
11 Telecom Equipment         11 Telecom Equipment
12 Satellite Commun.         12 Satellite Commun.
13 Community Networks        13 Community Networks
14 Internetworking           14 Internetworking
15 International             15 International
16 ATM/Broadband             16 ATM/Broadband
17 Fax and FaxBios           17 Fax and FaxBios


Texas Instruments Forum+     CIS:TIFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Cross Sys/General          0 General/Text          1 General
 2 99/4A General              1 9900 New Uploads      2 99er Trail
 3 99 Programming             2 99 BASIC/XBASIC       3 PRO ALLEY
 4 99 Hardware/Repair         3 99 Assembly           4 NEW TECH (GENEVE)
 5 ALL PRINTERS               4 99 C et al.
 6 99 Trading Post            5 99 Classics
 7 TI Laptops & Lasers        6 99 Utilities
 8 PRO News & Views           7 99 MUSIC/GAMES/ART
 9 CHIP Talk-ALL              8 TI Professional
10 PROgramming/Hrdware        9 Pro Classics
11 BBS(all systems)          10 99 Pascal/p-System
12 PRO Trading Post          11 99 Forth
13 990/DX10/DNOS             12 Geneve Info & Pgms
14 99 New Users/Halp!        13 Big Pics
15 PRO New Users/Halp!       14 Li'l Pics
16 9640/GENEVE & PICS        16 TI/SHARP TABLETS


Thomas-Conrad Forum+         CIS:TCCFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 Product Information   1 Hall talk
 2 ARCNET                     2 ARCNET
 3 TCNS                       3 TCNS
 4 Ethernet                   4 Ethernet
 5 Token Ring                 5 Token Ring
 8 TXD                        8 TXD
 9 Sectra                     9 Sectra
17 Product Feedback          15 NetLetter/Articles
                             16 Other Drivers/Fixes
                             17 User Submitted


Time Warner-Dogs & Cats Forum+ CIS:TWPETS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Formal
 2 Behavior Hotline K9        2 Behavior Hotline K9   2 Informal
 3 The Healthy Dog            3 The Healthy Dog       3 Conversation
 4 Pet Professionals          4 Pet Professionals
 5 Competition Dogs           5 Competition Dogs
 6 Ethical Breeding           6 Ethical Breeding
 7 The Show Dog               7 The Show Dog
 8 Feline Behavior            8 Feline Behavior
 9 The Healthy Cat            9 The Healthy Cat
10 The Show Cat              10 The Show Cat
11 Holistic Pets             11 Holistic Pets
12 Good Homes Only           12 Good Homes Only
13 Saying Goodbye            13 Saying Goodbye


Toshiba Forum+               CIS:TOSHIBA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 Press & Demos         1 Public Use Room
 2 Emergency HELP!            2 Toshiba Software      4 Meet The Designers
 3 Compare Models             3 Toshiba Related
 4 Keyboard/Pointer           4 Text Files
 5 Video Displays             5 Other Utilities
 6 Power Management           6 Product Specs
 7 Hardware Upgrades          7 Frequent Queries
 9 Accessory/Periph           9 3rd Party Info
10 Modems/Comm               11 System Setup
11 System Setup              17 Toshibytes
12 Software/OS Issues
13 PCMCIA & SCSI
14 On The Road
15 Public Auction
16 Suggestion Box
17 Lappers' Lounge


Toshiba GmbH Forum+          CIS:TOSHGER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Allgemeine Anfragen        1 Upload-Bereich        1 Anwendertreff
 2 Hotline                    2 Utilities, Upgrades   2 Stammtisch
 3 Betriebssysteme            3 Demos
 4 Windows                    4 Technische Daten
 5 Kommunikation              5 Presse
 6 Datensicherheit            6 Drucker
 7 TOSHIBA Zubehoer
 8 Fremdprodukte
 9 Umweltschutz
10 Anregungen / Kritik


TrainNet Forum+              CIS:TRAINNET

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General              18 Main Conference
 2 RR Employees Corner        2 New Uploads
 3 Transit Topics             3 Transit Topics
 4 Railfans                   4 Railfans
 5 Photography/Paint          5 Photography/Paint
 6 Locomotives                6 Locomotives
 7 Model RR Layouts           7 Model RR Layouts
 8 Swap Shop                  8 Directories
 9 Games / Simulations        9 Games / Simulations
10 HO Scale                  10 HO Scale
11 Z Scale & N Scale         11 Z Scale & N Scale
12 S, O, G & Tinplate        12 S, O, G & Tinplate
13 Computer/Electronic       13 Computer/Electronic
15 NRHS Members              15 NRHS Members
17 Non Train Stuff           17 Industry News


Travel Forum+                CIS:TRAVSIG

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 Travel in General          0 General Interest      1 Travel In General
 1 United States              1 United States         2 United States
 2 Canada                     2 Canada                3 Canada
 3 Mexico/Centrl Amer.        3 Mexico/Centrl Amer.   4 Mexico/Centrl Amer.
 4 Caribbean                  4 Caribbean             5 Caribbean
 5 South America              5 South America         6 South America
 6 Oceania                    6 Oceania               7 Oceana
 7 Asia                       7 Asia                  8 Asia
 8 Europe                     8 Europe                9 Europe
 9 Africa/Middle East         9 Africa/Middle East   10 Africa/Middle East
10 The Shangri Lounge        10 GIF/The Photo Album  11 Sports travel
11 Hawaii Help Line          11 Hawaii Help Line
12 Rail Travel               12 Rail Travel
13 Airlines                  13 Sports-Ski Travel
14 Cruises                   14 CRUISE REVIEWS
15 Timeshare Talk            15 Timeshares & Houses


UK Communications Forum+     CIS:UKCOMMS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General & Lib Info    1 General
 2 Internet/BBS               2 Internet/BBS          2 Internet/BBS
 3 Modems                     3 Modems                3 Modems
 4 Comms Software             4 Comms Software        4 Comms Software
 5 Telecoms/Phones            5 Telecoms/Phones       5 Telecoms/Phones
 6 Networking                 6 Networking            6 Networking
 7 Psion Dacom                7 Psion Dacom           7 Psion Dacom
 8 US Robotics (UK)           8 US Robotics (UK)      8 US Robotics (UK)
 9 Pace                       9 Pace                  9 Pace
10 Finansa                   10 Finansa              10 Finansa
11 Datasoft                  11 Datasoft             11 Datasoft
12 WigWam                    12 WigWam               12 WigWam
13 TeePee                    13 TeePee               13 TeePee


UK Computing Forum+          CIS:UKCOMP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 General               1 General
 2 PC Hardware                2 PC Hardware           2 PC Hardware
 3 PC Software                3 PC Software           3 PC Software
 4 Windows                    4 Windows               4 Windows
 5 Programming                5 Programming           5 Programming
 6 Computer Graphics          6 Computer Graphics     6 Computer Graphics
 7 Macintosh                  7 Macintosh             7 Macintosh
 8 Archie/Beeb/Z88            8 Archie/Beeb/Z88       8 Archie/Beeb/Z88
 9 Amstrad                    9 Amstrad               9 Amstrad
10 Sound Cards               10 Sound Cards          10 Sound Cards
11 Western Systems           11 Western Systems      11 Western Systems
12 Nextbase/Automap          12 Nextbase/Automap     12 Nextbase/Automap
13 Eden Group                13 Eden Group           13 Eden Group
14 Secure Computing          14 Secure Computing     14 Secure Computing
15 Classified Ads            15 Classified Ads       15 Classified Ads


UK Forum+                    CIS:UKFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Welcome New Users          1 General & Lib Info    1 New Users
 2 Rovers Return Pub          2 Essential Files       2 Rovers Return Snug
 3 General                    3 General               3 General
 4 Food/Drink                 4 Food and Drink        4 Food/Drink
 5 Brits in the USA           5 Brits in the USA      5 Brits in the USA
 6 Americans in UK            6 Americans in UK       6 Americans in UK
 7 Graphics/Photos            7 Graphics/Photos       7 Graphics/Photos
 8 Politics                   8 Politics              8 Politics
 9 Law/Police                 9 Law/Police            9 Law/Police
10 Hobbies/Interests         10 Hobbies/Interests    10 Hobbies/Interests
11 Health/Education          11 Health/Education     11 Health/Education
12 Travel/UK Info            12 Travel/UK Info       12 Travel
13 Business Matters          13 Business Matters     13 Business Matters
14 Sport/UK Results          14 Sport/UK Results     14 Sport/UK Results
15 Classified Ads            15 Classified Ads       15 Classified Ads
16 Scotland & Wales          16 Scotland & Wales     16 Scotland & Wales
17 Entertainment             17 Entertainment        17 Entertainment


UKSHARE Forum+               CIS:UKSHARE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Steve's Lounge             1 First Stop            1 Speakers Corner
 2 Flame On!                  2 Applications          2 Public Bar
 3 As Easy As                 3 Information Centre
 4 Comms Support              4 Programmers Zone
 5 Utility Software           5 UK/EC Authors
 6 Programmers' Corner        7 Thompson Ptnership
 7 Thompson Ptnership         8 Windows 3/3.1
 9 SDA/Zephyr                 9 SDA/Zephyr
10 Nildram Software          10 Nildram Software
11 STAR                      11 STAR
13 J W Olsen                 13 J W Olsen


Ultimedia Hardware Plus Forum+ CIS:ULTIHW

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   2 General
 2 MWAVE System               2 MWAVE System          3 MWAVE System
 3 ActionMedia (DVI)          3 ActionMedia (DVI)     4 ActionMedia (DVI)
 4 V-LAN                      4 V-LAN                 5 V-LAN


Ultimedia Tools Series A Forum+ CIS:ULTIATOOLS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 0 General Information        0 General Information   1 Ultimedia Tools
 1 Ultimedia Tools            1 Ultimedia Tools       2 DEMO CDROM
 2 DEMO CDROM                 2 DEMO CDROM            3 AimTech
 3 AimTech Corp.              3 AimTech Corp.         4 Allen Communicatin
 4 Allen Communication        4 Allen Communication   5 Asymetrix Corp.
 5 Asymetrix Corp.            5 Asymetrix Corp.       6 HumanCad
 6 Fractal Design             6 Fractal Design        7 Fractal Design
 7 GoldDisk                   7 Gold Disk             8 Gold Disk
 8 Humancad                   8 Humancad              9 Humancad
 9 IBM Linkway Live!          9 IBM Linkway Live!    10 IBM Linkway Live
10 IBM StoryBoard Live       10 IBM Storyboard Live  11 IBM Storyboard Live
11 IBM Beta                  11 IBM Beta             12 IBM Beta
13 AUTODESK                  13 Autodesk             14 Autodesk
15 IBM OS/2 MMTools          15 IBM OS/2 MMTools     16 IBM OS/2 MMTools


Ultimedia Tools Series B Forum+ CIS:ULTIBTOOLS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Mammoth Micro Prod         1 Mammoth Micro Prod.   2 Mammoth Micro Prod.
 2 Montage Group, Ltd.        2 Montage Group, Ltd.   3 Montage Group, Ltd.
 3 Network Technology         3 Network Technology    4 Network Technology
 4 Passport Designs           4 Passport Designs      5 Passport Designs
 5 Time Arts                  5 Time Arts             6 Time Arts
 6 Touch Vision               6 Touch Vision          7 Touch Vision
 7 Turtle Beach               7 Turtle Beach          8 Turtle Beach
 8 Vision Imaging             8 Vision Imaging        9 Vision Imaging
 9 Wordstar Int.              9 Wordstar Int.        10 Wordstar Int.
12 DigiVox                   12 DigiVox              13 DigiVox
13 Voyetra                   13 Voyetra              14 Voyetra
14 Videomedia OZ             14 Videomedia OZ        15 Videomedia OZ
15 Virtus                    15 Virtus               16 Virtus


Ultimedia Tools Series C Forum+ CIS:ULTICTOOLS

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   2 General
 2 Collaborator               2 Collaborator          3 Collaborator
 3 Commix S.P.                3 Commix S.P.           4 Commix S.P.
 4 Crystal Graphics           4 Crystal Graphics      5 Crystal Graphics
 5 Digital Media              5 Digital Media         6 Digital Media
 6 Jasmine                    6 Jasmine               7 Jasmine
 7 Mathematica                7 Mathematica           8 Mathematica
 8 Q/Media Software           8 Q/Media Software      9 Q/Media Software


UNIX Forum+                  CIS:UNIXFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Forum Info/General         1 Forum Info & Misc     1 Forum Business
 2 New to UNIX                2 New to UNIX           2 New to UNIX
 3 Tools                      3 Tools                 3 Tools
 4 Communications             4 Communications        4 Communications
 5 Networking                 5 Networking            5 Portable C & C++
 6 Applications               6 Applications          6 Minix & Friends
 7 Unix OS Topics             7 Unix OS Topics        7 SystemV & Xenix
 8 Lang/Programming           8 Lang/Programming      8 Languages
 9 Administration             9 Administration        9 Unix Administration
10 Hardware                  10 Hardware             10 Hardware
11 /etc/etc                  11 /etc & games         11 /etc/etc
12 Usenet & Mail             12 Usenet & Mail        12 Usenet & Mail
13 DOS under UNIX            13 DOS under UNIX       13 DOS under UNIX
14 GUI and X-Window          14 GUI and X-Window     14 GUI & X Window
16 GTR Data Inc              16 GTR Data Inc         17 *sysop corner
17 filePro/Tangent           17 filePro/Tangent      18 The Lobby


UnixWare Forum+              CIS:UNIXWARE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Core OS                    1 Core OS               1 Info Exchange
 2 Mail System                2 Mail System           2 UnixWare Connection
 3 Developer Support          3 Developer Support
 4 DOS Merge                  4 DOS Merge
 5 Installation               5 Installation
 6 X Windows                  6 X Windows
 7 Networking                 7 Networking
 8 Device Drivers             8 Device Drivers
 9 Printing                   9 Printing
10 Applications              10 Applications


UserLand Forum+              CIS:USERLAND

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 Help Desk             1 Frontier Cafe
 2 Customer Service           2 Scripts & Suites
 3 Using Frontier             3 Scriptable Apps
 4 Runtime 3.0                4 Runtime 3.0
 5 Scripting the OS           5 Applets & Utilities
 6 Scriptable Apps            6 Con$ulting
 7 Frontier SDK               7 Frontier SDK 3.0
 8 Utilities                  8 From UserLand
 9 AppleScript                9 AppleScript
10 UCMDs & XCMDs             10 UCMDs & XCMDs
11 Roundtable                16 THINK C 6.0/C++
12 Con$ulting                17 Quark XPress 3.2
13 Hot Apps!
16 THINK C 6.0/C++
17 Quark XPress 3.2


VAX Forum+                   CIS:VAXFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 0 General Info/Help          0 General Info/Help     1 Weekly Discussion
 1 News & Reviews             1 News & Reviews        2 OEM Support
 2 DECUS Happenings           2 DECUS Happenings      3 Offline chat #1
 3 VAX Hardware               3 VAX Hardware          4 Offline chat #2
 4 Alpha AXP                  4 Alpha AXP
 5 VMS System Software        5 VMS System Software
 6 System Management          6 System Management
 7 VMS Applications           7 VMS Applications
 8 VMS Communications         8 VMS Communications
 9 VAX Unix/Ultrix            9 VAX Unix/Ultrix
10 VMS Programming           10 VMS Programming
11 Networking                11 Networking
12 Text processing           12 Text processing
13 VMS Entertainment         13 VMS Entertainment
14 Editor's Corner           14 Publisher's Corner
15 Dealing With DEC          15 DEC Pro/DSJ Code
                             16 Archives


Ventura Software Forum+      CIS:VENTURA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Main Conf. Room
 2 Ventura How To             2 Ventura Apps          2 Informal Conf. Room
 3 VP for GEM                 3 Gem Ventura
 4 VP for Windows             4 Windows Ventura
 5 VP for OS/2, MAC           5 OS/2 & MAC Ventura
 6 Making Color Work          7 Utils/3rd Party SW
 7 Customer Service           8 Printers/Monitors
 8 Former VSI Products        9 Design/Art/Layout
 9 DatabasePublisher         10 Fonts
10 Fonts/Width Tables        11 Import Support
11 Printers/Printing         12 Forum Business
12 Your 2 Cents Worth        13 Problems/Requests
13 VP International          14 VDBPublish


Vines 4.x Patchware Forum+   CIS:VINES4

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 4.X New Uploads       1 Conference Room 1
                              2 4.10(5) Patches


Vines 5.x Patchware Forum+   CIS:VINES5

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help!!             1 5.X New Uploads       1 Conference Room 1
                              2 5.00(0) Patches


VNU BPA Forum+               CIS:VNUBPA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Algemeen                   1 Algemeen              1 Babbelbox
 2 Hardware                   2 Redactie PCM
 3 Software                   3 PCM Praktijk
 4 Redactie PCM               4 Demo's
 5 PCM Praktijk               5 Shareware
                              6 Pret en plezier


Wang Support Forum+          CIS:WANGFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Corporate          1 General Corporate     1 The Meeting Room
 2 PC HW & Accesories         2 PC HW & Accessories   2 OPEN/image Room
 3 VS Sys/Applications        3 VS Sys/Applications
 4 OPEN/image General         4 OPEN/image General
 5 O/i VB Custom Ctls         5 O/i VB Custom Ctls
 6 O/i PowerBuilder           6 O/i PowerBuilder
 7 Future                     7 Future
 8 Future                     8 Future
 9 PACE Open Systems          9 PACE Open Systems
10 OPEN/query builder        10 OPEN/query builder
11 OPEN/Products Gen         11 OPEN/Products Gen


White House Forum+           CIS:WHITEHOUSE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Mr. President              1 Mr. President         1 Mr. President
 2 Technology/Space           2 Technology/Space      2 Technology/Space
 3 Internationalism/UN        3 Internationalism/UN   3 Internationalism/UN
 4 Defense/Veterans           4 Defense/Veterans      4 Defense/Veterans
 5 Economy/Deficit            5 Economy/Deficit       5 Economy/Deficit
 6 Health Care                6 Health Care           6 Health Care
 7 Education/Ntl Serv.        7 Education/Ntl Serv.   7 Education/Ntl Serv.
 8 Reinvent Government        8 Reinvent Government   8 Reinvent Government
 9 Energy/Environment         9 Energy/Environment    9 Energy/Environment
10 Soc. Sec./Welfare         10 Soc. Sec./Welfare    10 Soc. Sec./Welfare
11 Transportation            11 Transportation       11 Transportation
12 Justice/FBI               12 Justice/FBI          12 Justice/FBI
13 Agriculture/FDA           13 Agriculture/FDA      13 Agriculture/FDA
14 Commerce/Trade            14 Commerce/Trade       14 Commerce/Trade
15 Interior/Park Serv.       15 Interior/Park Serv.  15 Interior/Park Serv.
16 Housing/Urban Dev.        16 Housing/Urban Dev.   16 Housing/Urban Dev.
17 Foggy Bottom              17 Foggy Bottom         17 Foggy Bottom


WinCIM Support Forum(FREE)   CIS:WCIMSUPPORT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 General Questions          1 General Information
 2 Common Solutions           2 WinCIM Installation
 3 Install/Upgrade            3 Member Uploads
 4 Modems/Hardware            4 Test Uploads
 5 Forums                     7 Support Files
 6 Mail
 7 Filing Cabinet
 8 Printing
 9 Online Services
10 Terminal Emulation
11 Networks
12 WinCIM Under OS/2
14 French WinCIM
15 German WinCIM
16 European Support
17 Suggestions


Windows 3rd Party A Forum+   CIS:WINAPA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 Asymetrix                  1 Asymetrix
 2 Access Softek[WinA]        2 Access Softek
 3 Arabesque Software         3 Arabesque Software
 4 Future Soft [WinA]         4 Future Soft Engr
 5 GeoGraphix [WinA]          5 GeoGraphix
 6 hDC [WinA]                 6 hDC
 7 HI-Q Int'l [WinA]          7 HI-Q International
 8 Jensen-Jones               8 Jensen-Jones
 9 Premia Corp                9 Premia Corp
12 3-D Visions/VNI           12 3-D Visions/VNI
13 Lucid Corp.               13 Lucid Corp.
15 WilsonWare [WinA]         15 Wilson WindowWare
16 ICOM [WinA]               16 ICOM
17 Playroom [WinA]           17 Playroom


Windows 3rd Party B Forum+   CIS:WINAPB

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 KASEWORKS                  1 KASEWORKS             1 General Topics
 2 Connect Software           2 Connect Software      2 Corel
 4 InfoAccess                 4 InfoAccess            3 NBI
 5 PushButton Software        5 PushButton Software   4 OWL International
 6 Frontier Tech.             6 Frontier Tech.        5 Softview
 7 Knowledge Dynamics         7 Knowledge Dynamics    6 Whitewater
 8 Nu-Mega Tech.              8 Nu-Mega Tech.         7 ZSoft
 9 Kidasa [WinB]              9 Kidasa                8 WUGNET
10 SoftCraft [WinB]          10 SoftCraft             9 Kidasa
11 Softbridge [WinB]         11 Softbridge           10 SoftCraft
12 Zenographics [WinB]       12 Zenographics         11 Softbridge
13 Comp Presen' [WinB]       13 Comp Presentations   12 Zenographics
14 WindowCraft [WinB]        14 WindowCraft          13 Comp Presentations
15 Knwldg Gardn [WinB]       15 Knowledge Garden
16 Ocean Isle Software       16 Ocean Isle Software
17 Wonderware                17 Wonderware


Windows 3rd Party C Forum+   CIS:WINAPC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 2 Thinx Software             2 Thinx Software        1 Conference Room
 3 Stirling                   3 Stirling
 4 Berkeley Systems           4 Berkeley Systems
 6 Campbell Services          6 Campbell Services
 7 Metz Software              7 Metz Software
 8 LABTECH                    8 LABTECH
 9 Abacus                     9 Abacus
10 Wall Data                 10 Wall Data
11 Saros                     11 Saros
12 GFA                       12 GFA
13 Gold Hill                 13 Gold Hill
14 Protoview                 14 Protoview
15 Aristosoft                15 Aristosoft
16 Gold Disk                 16 Gold Disk
17 Gilbert&Associates        17 Gilbert&Associates


Windows 3rd Party D Forum+   CIS:WINAPD

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Other Vendors              1 Other Vendors         1 WINAPD Conf Room
 2 Automated Design           2 Automated Design
 3 Baseline Publishing        3 Baseline Publishing
 4 WexTech Systems            4 WexTech Systems
 5 SWFTE International        5 SWFTE International
 6 DeltaPoint                 6 DeltaPoint
 7 Q+E Software               7 Q+E Software
 8 Genesis Development        8 Genesis Development
 9 Shapeware Corp.            9 Shapeware Corp.
10 Peachtree Software        10 Peachtree Software
11 Buzzwords Intl.           11 Buzzwords Intl.
12 Okna Corp.                12 Okna Corp.
13 Avantos Performance       13 Avantos Performance
14 ABC Systems & Dev't       14 ABC Systems & Dev't
15 Inmark                    15 Inmark
16 Informative Graphic       16 Informative Graphic


Windows 3rd Party E Forum+   CIS:WINAPE

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Scitor Corporation         1 Scitor Corporation    1 Conference Room 1
 2 Systems Compat.            2 Systems Compat.
 3 MapLinx                    3 MapLinx
 4 Andyne Computing           4 Andyne Computing
 6 LaserTools                 6 LaserTools
 7 Synergy Comm.              7 Synergy Comm.
 9 SPSS, Inc.                 9 SPSS, Inc.
10 CyberCorp                 10 CyberCorp
11 Calera                    11 Calera
12 PED Software              12 PED Software
13 Archimedes Software       13 Archimedes Software
14 ParcPlace Systems         14 ParcPlace Systems
15 Odyssey Computing         15 Odyssey Computing
16 Applied Bus. Tech         16 Applied Bus. Tech


Windows Sources Forum+       ZNT:WINSOURCES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Info               1 General Info          1
 2 Article Feedback           2 WinSources Utils.
 3 Software Issues            3 General Shareware
 4 Hardware Issues            4 Simon's Picks
 5 Problem Solving            5 Graphics & Fonts
 6 Tips & Techniques          6 Tips & Techniques
 7 Coding for Windows         7 Coding for Windows
 8 Coping with DOS            8 Coping with DOS
 9 Fast Answers               9 Driver Watch
12 Guest Area                10 Sound Files
16 Letters to Editor         11 Fast Answers
                             12 Guest Area Files
                             16 Open Windows


WinNT Forum+                 CIS:WINNT

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Forum News/Info            1 Index and Info        1 Conference Room 1
 2 General Discussion         2 Fixes & Updates
 3 Setup & Install            3 Problem Reports
 4 MS-DOS/Win3.x Apps         4 Support Tools
 5 32-bit Windows Apps        5 WINNT Archives
 6 OS/2 & POSIX Apps          6 Windows NT Surveys
 7 Utilities/Applets         14 NWCS Beta
 8 H/W Compatibility
 9 FT & File Systems
10 Device Drivers
11 Network services
12 Printing
13 Admin & Security
14 NWCS Beta
15 Connectivity
16 WinNT RAS
17 MS Mail (32-bit)


Wolfram Research Forum+      CIS:WOLFRAM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Kernel                     1 Notebooks/Packages    1 Wolfram Hall
 2 Windows Q&A                2 MathReader            2 The Meeting Room
 3 Mac FE                     3 Text Files
 4 Mathematica Apps           4 Other Programs
 5 Publications               5 FAQ--Windows
 6 MS-DOS
 7 Sales/Registration
 8 Other


WordPerfect Users Forum+     CIS:WPUSER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 WordPerfect 6.0 DOS        1 WordPerfect 6.0 DOS   1 Main Conference
 2 Print/Font/Fax 6.0         2 Print/Font/Fax 6.0    2 Secondary
 3 Macros/Merges 6.0          3 Macros/Merges 6.0
 4 Other WPC DOS Apps         4 Other WPC DOS Apps
 5 WordPerfect Windows        5 WordPerfect Windows
 6 Print/Font/Fax WIN         6 Print/Font/Fax WIN
 7 Macros/Merges WIN          7 Macros/Merges WIN
 8 Office/Shell/Nets          8 Office/Shell/Nets
 9 DataPerfect                9 DataPerfect
10 Macintosh Apps            10 Macintosh Apps
11 Other Platforms           11 Other Platforms
12 3rd Party/Books/Mag       12 3rd Party/Books/Mag
13 WPCorp News/Policy        13 WPCorp News/Policy
14 WordPerfect 5.0/4.2       14 WordPerfect 5.0/4.2
15 WordPerfect 5.1 DOS       15 WordPerfect 5.1 DOS
16 Present'ns/Graphics       16 Present'ns/Graphics
17 Forum [Comment]s          17 Forum Info/Misc


WordStar Forum+              CIS:WORDSTAR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Topics             1 General Topics        1 General Topics
 2 WSWIN-Main                 2 WSWIN-Main            2 WSWIN-Main
 3 WSWIN-Doc Building         3 WSWIN-Doc Building    3 WSWIN-Doc Building
 4 ZSoft/Paint Tools          4 ZSoft/Paint Tools     4 ZSoft/Paint Tools
 5 ZSoft/FAX Products         5 ZSoft/FAX Products    5 ZSoft/FAX Products
 6 WS DOS - Main              6 WS DOS - Main         6 WS DOS - Main
 7 WS DOS - Printing          7 WS DOS - Printing     7 WS DOS - Printing
 8 Writing Tools              8 Writing Tools         8 Writing Tools
 9 Companion Products         9 Companion Products    9 Companion Products
10 Earlier WordStar          10 Earlier WordStar     10 Earlier WordStar
11 Write Now - MAC           11 Write Now - Mac      11 Write Now - Mac
12 Mayflower Inn             12 Mayflower Inn        12 Mayflower Inn


Working-From-Home Forum+     CIS:WORK

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 News & General Info        1 General Information   1 Meeting Room
 2 Running a Business         2 Business Info         2 Side Conversations
 3 I'm New & What I Do        3 Member Showcase       3 Interview Room
 4 Researching Info           4 Info Professionals
 5 Biz "Opport's"/MLM         5 Specific Businesses
 6 Pub. Policy Issues         6 Forum Help Files
 7 Getting Business           7 Getting Business
 8 Health Specialties         8 Health Specialties
 9 Accounting/Tax             9 Accounting & Tax
10 Independent Writers       10 Independent Writers
11 Jobs/Teleworking          11 Jobs/Teleworking
12 Legally Speaking          12 Legal Matters
13 Word Processing           13 Europe & Intern'l
14 Office Hdwr & Sftwr       14 Office Hdwr & Sftwr
15 Virtual Corporation       15 Virtual Corporation
16 Work-at-Home w/Kids       16 Policies & Legislat
17 Networking/Assns          17 Home Business Assns


Worldwide Car Network+       CIS:WWCAR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Software/Forum Help        1 Software/Forum Help   2 General Conference
 2 Cars Pre-1949              2 Cars Pre-1949
 3 Cars 1949-67               3 Cars 1949-67
 4 Cars 1968-On               4 Cars 1968-On
 5 Performance/Sports         5 Performance/Sports
 6 Motorcycles                6 Motorcycles
 7 Trucks/Tractors/&          7 Trucks/Tractors/&
 8 Buy/Sell/Locate            8 Buy/Sell/Locate
 9 Repair & Restore           9 Repair & Restore
10 Club Events & Info        10 Club Events & Info
11 Travel & Safety           11 Travel & Safety
12 Technology/Law/News       12 Technology/Law/News
13 Planes/Boats/Trains       13 Your Vehicle Here
14 Car General & Misc.       14 Car General & Misc.
15 Other Topics/Issues       15 Other Topics/Issues


WPCorp Files Forum+          CIS:WPFILES

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Library Comments           1 WP 5.1 for DOS        1 General
                              2 WP 5.x for Windows    2 WP 5.1 for Windows
                              3 WP 5.0 for DOS
                              4 Office/Gateways
                              5 Presentations/Draw
                              6 DataPerfect
                              7 Printer Drivers 6.0
                              8 Other WP Products
                              9 WP Products - OS/2
                             10 WP Products - UNIX
                             11 WP Products - MAC
                             12 Printer Drivers 5.1
                             13 Printer Drivers 5.0
                             14 WPC News/Services
                             15 InfoShare
                             16 WP 6.0 for DOS
                             17 WP 6.0 for Windows


WRQ/Reflection Forum+        CIS:WRQFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General/Help               1 General Information   1 Conference Room 1
 2 Ask Tech Support           2 Tech Support
 3 Reflection 1/7 DOS         3 Reflection 1/7 DOS
 4 Reflection 1/3 Mac         4 Reflection 1/3 Mac
 5 Reflection 1 Win           5 Reflection 1 Win
 6 Reflection 2/4 DOS         6 Reflection 2/4 DOS
 7 Reflection 2/4 Mac         7 Reflection 2/4 Mac
 8 Reflection 2/4 Win         8 Reflection 2/4 Win
 9 Reflection 8 (IBM)         9 Reflection 8 (IBM)
10 Reflection X              10 Reflection X
11 RNS/Networks              11 RNS/Networks
12 PPL/Reflection SDK        12 PPL/Reflection SDK
13 Keyboard Mapping          13 Keyboard Mapping
14 RCL Scripts               14 RCL Scripts
15 File Transfer             15 File Transfer
16 Beta Testers              16 Beta Testers


WUGNET Forum+                CIS:WUGNET

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 Windows Advisor            1 Fun and Games         1 Conference Room 1
 2 New Win Products           2 Announcements/Demos
 3 WinApp Support             3 Application Addons
 4 System Configure           4 System Enhancements
 5 Win Connectivity           5 Connectivity Addons
 6 Basic & Batch Tools        6 Batch & Basic Lib
 7 System Development         7 System Development
 8 Industry Trends            8 Industry Trends
 9 Multimedia                 9 Multimedia
10 Chicago/Windows NT        10 Win NT Shareware
11 User Group Support        11 WUGNET News/Files
12 GoCIS Support             12 GoCIS
13 Elec.Pubs/Training        13 Elec.Pubs/Training
14 WUG DRIVER Support        14 WUG Driver Library
15 Nomadic Systems/VOM       15 Vendor Library
16 Folio/VOM                 16 Vendor Library


ZD Benchmark Forum +         CIS:ZDBENCH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Files         1 Gray Room
 2 MacBench                   2 MacBench
 3 NetBench                   3 NetBench
 4 PC Bench                   4 PC Bench
 5 ServerBench                5 ServerBench
 6 WinBench                   6 WinBench
 7 Winstone 94                7 Winstone 94


Zenith Data Systems Forum+   CIS:ZENITH

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General                    1 New Files             1 Formal
 2 Portables                  2 Help & Information    2 Informal
 3 Desktops                   3 ZDS Direct            3 Back
 4 Video                      4 ZDS Forum Vendors
 5 Peripherals                5 DOS Utilities
 6 Operating systems          6 DOS Applications
 7 Software                   7 DOS Fun & Games
 8 Classic computers          8 DOS DTP & Graphics
12 Global Messages            9 Programming
13 Back & Forth              10 OS/2 and UNIX
15 Windows                   11 Hardware
16 Flea Market               12 Classic Computers
17 Back Room                 13 Flea Market
                             14 Product Information
                             15 Windows


Ziff Bendata Forum+          ZNT:BENDATA

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Conference Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Breakout Room 1
 2 HEAT and FLS Q&A           2 HEAT and FLS          2 Breakout Room 2
 3 Member to Member           3 Member Uploads
                              4 Trng & Consulting
                              5 Surveys
                              6 Events


Ziff Cobb Applications Forum+ ZNT:COBBAPP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 123 Macros/Tmplates   1 1-2-3 Talk
 2 123 DOS                    2 123 Drivers/Utils     2 DOS Talk
 3 123 Windows/Mac/OS2        3 123 Resources         3 Windows Talk
 4 123 WYSIWYG/Allways        4 DOS Tools/Resources
 5 DOS CONFIG/AUTOEXEC        5 WIN Tools/Resources
 6 DOS Commands               6 WIN Graphics/Fonts
 7 DOS Batch Files            7 General
 8 DOS General
 9 WIN Setup & Install
10 WIN Program Manager
11 WIN Control Panel
12 WIN Accessories
13 WIN General


Ziff Cobb Programming Forum+  ZNT:COBBPR

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 C/C++ Programming          1 C and C++ Journals
 2 BASIC Programming          2 BASIC Journals
 3 Pascal Programming         3 Pascal Journals
 4 Paradox Programming        4 Paradox Journals
 5 Microsoft Technical        5 MS Tech. Journals
 6 DOS and Batch Files        6 DOS Journals
 7 General Information        7 Utilities/Misc.
 8 The Endless Loop           8 The Public Library


Ziff Computer Shopper Forum+  ZNT:COMPSHOPPER

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Information   1 Public Discussion
 2 Feedback/Letters           2 General Utilities     2 Public Discussion
 3 Buying Systems             3 Shopper's Guides      3 Public Discussion
 4 Buying Peripherals         4 Upgrade Update        4 Public Discussion
 5 Buying Software            5 Review Capsules       5 Formal Conferences
 6 Buying Networks            6 Message Archives
 7 Trends & Technology        7 Shopper Utilities
 8 PC Industry History        8 PC Industry History
 9 The Columnists             9 Editors' Picks
10 User Groups               10 User Groups
11 Shareware                 11 Shareware Shop
12 Online                    12 Online
13 Tech Section              13 Tech Section
14 Smart Shopper             14 Smart Shopper
15 Vendor Issues             15 Vendor Issues
16 Off the Subject           16 Off the Subject


Ziff Executives Online Forum+ ZNT:EXEC

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General Files         1 Public Discussion
 2 The News Desk              2 The News Desk         2 Formal Conferences
 3 PowerSoft Desktop          3 PowerSoft Files       3 Informal Gatherings
 4 Leadview 3.0               4 Leadview 3.0 Files
 5 PC Tools 2.0/Win           5 PC Tools 2.0 Files
 6 Guest Area                 6 Guest Files
 7 Guest Area                 7 Guest Files
 8 Guest Area                 8 Guest Files
 9 Guest Area                 9 Guest Files
10 Guest Area                10 Guest Files
11 MOM of all WinBooks       11 Win/Mom Files
12 PowerPC                   12 PowerPC Files
13 TurboCom/2                13 TurboCom/2 Files
14 Excel 5.0                 14 Excel 5.0 Files
15 Demos Showcase Q&A        15 Demos Showcase A-L
16 The Water Cooler          16 Demos Showcase M-Z
17 Women Online              17 Guest Archives


Ziff Windows Deutschland Forum+ZNT:GERWIN

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 Neue Mitglieder            1 Shareware & PD        1 Windows-Talk
 2 Leserforum                 2 Treiber
 3 Windows-Support            3 Makros & Listings
 4 News/Geruechte             4 Infos/Tips/Tricks
 5 WINDOWS-Pub                5 Demos
 6 Windows-NT                 6 Fun & Graphics
 7 Artikelwuensche            7 Usability
 8 Der direkte Draht          8 Win32
 9 Neue Uploads               9 DOS9
                             10 WINDOWS-CD-ROM


ZiffNet FREE UTILS Forum(FREE) ZNT:FREEUTIL

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 General Message            1 PCMag Utilities
                              2 MacUser Utilities


ZiffNet Help Desk Inst. Forum+ ZNT:HDIFORUM

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:    Rooms Available:
 1 General Information        1 General               1 Public Discussion
 2 HDI Q&A                    2 HDI Q&A               2 Public Discussion
 3 Careers                                            5 Formal Conference
 4 Birds of a Feather


ZiffNet Support Forum+(FREE) ZNT:ZIFFHELP

Message Sections Available:  Libraries Available:
 1 ZiffNet Information        1 ZiffNet Information
 2 Today on ZiffNet           2 ZiffNet Gen'l Help
 3 ZiffNet Help (PC)          3 ZiffNet Help (PC)
 4 ZiffNet Help (Mac)         4 ZiffNet Help (Mac)
 5 Ziff BookNet               8 BusinessDB Plus
 8 BusinessDB Plus Q&A        9 ComputerDB Plus
 9 ComputerDB Plus Q&A       10 HealthDB Plus
10 HealthDB Plus Q&A         11 MagazineDB Plus
11 MagazineDB Plus Q&A       12 Ziff Buyer's Market
12 Ziff Buyer's Market       13 Support On Site
13 Support On Site Q&A       14 Computer Directory
14 Computer Directory        15 Computer Library-CD
15 Computer Library-CD
FORUMS.LST  30-Apr-96  #025  List of CompuServe Forums
                             Copyright (c) 1996 Support Group, Inc.

Our purpose at Support Group is to help connect people with others who share
a common interest. You can turn to CompuServe forums for advice and
information on education, hobbies, sports, pets, politics, electronics,
travel, entertainment, music, and yes... even computers. We feel these
forums are what make CompuServe the greatest human resource in the world.

For some, the forums are just business. Ask a question, get an answer,
download a file, say good-bye. For me it goes far beyond that. Never before
have I found a place where so many people give of their time and experience
to help others. Whether you need advice to overcome a difficult challenge,
or you want the name of a place to eat in a strange city, you'll be amazed
at how helpful and fun these forums can be. I hope you'll take the time to
explore and contribute to the forum message and file exchange.

If you'd like some extra help navigating your way around this online
community while saving you both time and money, please stop by and visit us
in the TAPCIS Forum (GO CIS:TAPCIS). In our library 16 you'll find current
versions of this list (file FORUMS.LST for ASCII Text, FORUMS.ZIP for PKZIP
2.0 format), as well as "All About CompuServe," our electronic newsletter
covering new services and changes around CompuServe (files ABOUTCIS.*). 

We also upload updated versions of FORUMS.LST and SECS.ZIP (that includes
message and library section names) to the following forums that are free of
connect time charges:

   New Member Forum (CIS:NEWMEM)
   Help Forum (CIS:HELPFOR)
   Practice Forum (CIS:PRACTICE)

Have a great time, and let us know how we can help!

Rick Wilkes 76701,23 
TAPCIS Publisher
Support Group, Inc., McHenry, MD 21541-0130, CIS 74020,10

                                      * * *

This file may be reposted, retransmitted, reprinted, or reproduced by
anyone, anywhere. In fact, we encourage you to do so! You only need written
permission if you are going to modify or edit the file in any way or use it
to compile or update your own list. If you do intend to redistribute it,
please let us know so we can keep you informed of new revisions. 

Please address any changes, corrections, additions, or comments to
75300,2444 via CompuServe Mail.

                                      * * *

FORMAT of this Listing:

All forums are charged by the minute unless the word (FREE) appears in the
description. 

The NAME is the general name by which we identify the forum. The gateway
where most forums are located is CIS:, the main "CompuServe" area, but other
gateway areas also have forums. If you want more information on a gateway
you are unfamiliar with, you can GO to the gateway's top page (for example,
GO ZNT:TOP for more information on ZD Net). Some gateways have membership
fees of their own if you want to access their services.

   CIS:  CompuServe Information Service
   ZNT:  ZD Net 
   ZMC:  ZD Net/Mac

The combination of gateway and PAGE make a valid GO word, without any spaces
between them (e.g., CIS:TAPCIS). For programs that use DOS filenames that
match the PAGE, you must use the PAGE as the forum name within the program.
Note that only the first 6 characters of a PAGE are important to CompuServe. 
STATUS can be:

   MENU      This is a menu and NOT a forum.
   NEW       A new forum since the last FORUMS.LST
   UPDATE    The forum has changed its structure or name.
             You should get another list of sections and libraries.
             (Note: We don't catch all of these...)
   PRIVATE   Private forum requiring some kind of extra fee or membership 
             before it can be used.

The format of this document is subject to change. We will attempt where
possible to keep columns in the same position. However, additional
information such as keywords are displayed between entries (indented by one
or more spaces), or additional keywords at the end of the main line. Take
this into account if you will be processing this file for other purposes.
The table itself starts after the formfeed and first forum/vendor after the
line that begins with ----'s.


FORUM
DESCRIPTION                        NAME         WAY: PAGE            STATUS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3COM Information Service Forum     NETFORUM     CIS: NETFORUM
   Network, Adapter, Hub, Router,
   Etherlink, Protocol, Bridge,
   Server, Support, FDDI, LAN
AARP Forum                         AARPFORUM    CIS: AARPFOR
Access Forum                       MSACCESS     CIS: MSACCESS        UPDATE
Accountants Forum                  AICPA        CIS: AICPA
Accounting Forum                   ACCOUNT      CIS: ACCOUNT
Accounting Vendor Support Forum    ACCTVEN      CIS: ACCTVEN
   CPA, ZPAY, SCALA, Champion, XP,
   Outlook, OWP, MYOB, Taxes, OSAS,
   ASPM, Solomon, Payroll
ACI US Forum                       ACIUS        CIS: ACIUS
Action Games Forum                 ACTION       CIS: ACTION 
   Doom I & II, Heretic, Descent,
   Dark Forces, Rise of the Triad,
   3-D, Arcade classics, FAQs
Adaptec Forum                      ADAPTEC      CIS: ADAPTEC
   SCSI, Host Adapter, ATM,
   Network, I/O, I/Oware
Adobe Applications Forum           ADOBEA       CIS: ADOBEA
   Photoshop, Premiere, PageMaker,
   Illustrator, Persuasion, ATM,
   Acrobat, COSA, PhotoStyler
Adobe Systems Forum                ADOBESYS     CIS: ADOBESYS
   PostScript, TIFF,
   Adobe Consumer Division,
   Adobe Magazine
African Amer. Culture & Arts Forum AFRO         CIS: AFRO
Agriculture Forum                  AGFORUM      CIS: AGFORUM
AI EXPERT Forum                    AIEXPERT     CIS: AIEXPERT
Air Canada Forum                   ACHAFO       CIS: ACHAFO
AirData Forum                      AIRDATA      CIS: AIRDATA
All-Music Guide Forum              AMGPOP       CIS: AMGPOP
Alpha Software Forum               ALPHAFORUM   CIS: ALPHAFOR
Alternative Comix Forum            COMIX        CIS: COMIX
America's Cup Forum                AMERICASCUP  CIS: AMERICAS
   Regatta, Yachting, 
   IACC, Sailing, Yacht
America's Funniest Home Vid. Forum HOMEVID      CIS: HOMEVID
American Civil War Forum           CIVILWAR     CIS: CIVILWAR
American Oldies Diner Forum        OLDIES       CIS: OLDIES
   music, automobiles, fashion,
   nostalgia, 1955-1970
Amiga Arts Forum                   AMIGAARTS    CIS: AMIGAART
Amiga Tech Forum                   AMIGATECH    CIS: AMIGATEC
Amiga User's Forum                 AMIGAUSER    CIS: AMIGAUSE
Amiga Vendor Forum                 AMIGAVENDOR  CIS: AMIGAVEN
Ample Living Forum                 AMPLE        CIS: AMPLE
   Fat, obese, obesity, support,
   chubby, portly, fashion, size,
   dieting, health, rubenesque
Animals Forum                      ANIMALS      CIS: ANIMALS
Animation A Vendor Forum           ANVENA       CIS: ANVENA
AOPA Forum                         AOPAFOR      CIS: AOP-90          PRIVATE
   Aircraft Owners & Pilots Assoc.
Apogee Forum                       APOGEE       CIS: APOGEE
APPC Info Exchange Forum           APPCFORUM    CIS: APPCFOR
   APPC, LU6.2, CPI-C, APPN, SNA
   3270, HLLAPI, CICS, DB/2, CM/2
   SNA Server/6000, PC Support
Apple II Prog. Forum               APPROG       CIS: APPROG
Apple II Users Forum               APPUSER      CIS: APPUSER
Apple II Vendor Forum              APIIVEN      CIS: APIIVEN
Apple Support Forum                APLSUP       CIS: APLSUP
Apple WW Software Update Forum     APLWW        CIS: APLWW
Aquaria / Fish Forum               FISHNET      CIS: FISHNET
Archive Classics Forum             ARCCLASS     CIS: ARCCLASS
Archive Films Forum                ARCFILM      CIS: ARCFILM
   video, windows, stock,
   videography, history, audio,
   nostalgia, vfw
Archive Photos Forum               ARCPHOTO     CIS: ARCPHOTO
   stock photography, nostalgia,
   history, gif, graphics
Artisoft Forum                     ARTISOFT     CIS: ARTISOFT
Artist Forum                       ARTIST       CIS: ARTIST
ASCII Developers Forum             ASCIIDEV     CIS: ASCIIDEV
ASE Technicians Forum              NIASE        CIS: NIASE           PRIVATE
ASNA Support Forum                 ASNA         CIS: ASNA
ASP CD-ROM Forum                   ASPCD        CIS: ASPCD
ASP/Shareware Forum                ASPFORUM     CIS: ASPFOR
Association Vendor Forum           AFORUM       CIS: AFORUM
AST Forum                          ASTFORUM     CIS: ASTFORUM
Astronomy Forum                    ASTROFORUM   CIS: ASTROFOR
Atari Computing Forum              ATARIVEN     CIS: ATARIVEN
Atari GAMING Forum                 ATARIGAMING  CIS: ATARIGAM
Atari ST Prod. Forum               ATARIPRO     CIS: ATARIPRO
ATM/Frame Relay Forum              FRAME        CIS: FRAME
Attachmate Forum                   ATTM         CIS: ATTM
   Crosstalk, XTALK
Attention Deficit Disorder Forum   ADD          CIS: ADD
   Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism,
   Tourette's Syndrome, Pre-school
   developmental issues, Parenting
Authors Forum                      TWAUTHORS    CIS: TWAUTHOR
Autodesk AutoCAD Forum             ACAD         CIS: ACAD
Autodesk Multimedia Forum          AMMEDIA      CIS: AMMEDIA
Autodesk Retail Products Forum     ARETAIL      CIS: ARETAIL
Autodesk Showcase Forum            ASHOWCASE    CIS: ASHOWCAS
Automobile Forum                   CARS         CIS: CARS
   Automobile, Driving, Car, Oil,
   Japan, Ford, Chevrolet, Chrysler
   MototWeek, Tires, Lexus, Europe
Automobile Magazine Forum          AUTOFORUM    CIS: AUTOFOR
Aviation Forum (AVSIG)             AVSIG        CIS: AVSIG
Aviation Support Forum             AVSUP        CIS: AVSUP
Aviation Week Group Forum          AWGFORUM     CIS: AWGFORUM
Banyan Forum                       BANFORUM     CIS: BANFORUM
BASIS International Forum          BASIS        CIS: BASIS
   BBX, Business, Basic, Accounting
   4GL, Client, Server
Bay Networks Forum                 BAYNETWORKS  CIS: BAYNET
   Network, Ethernet, Token
   Ring, FDDI, ATM, Switching
   Networking, Networks
Baywatch Forum                     BAYWATCH     CIS: HOM-197
Belgium Forum                      BELFORUM     CIS: BELFORUM
Benchmark & Standards Forum        BENCHMARK    CIS: BENCHMAR
Bendata Forum                      BENDATA      CIS: BENDATA
Better Homes Kitchen Forum         BHKFORUM     CIS: BHKFORUM
Bettmann Archive Forum             BETTMANN     CIS: BETTMANN
Black Collegian Forum              COLVEN       CIS: COLVEN
Block Financial Forum              FRM-595      CIS: FRM-595
   Kiplinger TaxCut, Small
   Business Attorney, Home
   Legal Advisor, 
Blyth Forum                        BLYTH        CIS: BLYTH
Board/Card/RPG Pub. Forum          BCRPUB       CIS: BCRPUB
Book Preview Forum                 PREVIEW      CIS: PREVIEW
   non-fiction, art, horror,
   suspense, mystery, romance, 
   politics, publishers, books
Borland Applications Forum         BORAPP       CIS: BORAPP
Borland C++ Libraries Forum        BCPPLIB      CIS: BCPPLIB
Borland C++ Tools Forum            BCPP         CIS: BCPP
Borland DataBase Products Forum    BORDB        CIS: BORDB
Borland dBASE DOS Forum            DBASE        CIS: DBASE
Borland Delphi Forum               DELPHI       CIS: DELPHI
Borland Developer Tools Forum      BDEVTOOLS    CIS: BDEVTOOL
Borland GmbH Forum                 BORGMBH      CIS: BORGMBH
Borland Paradox/DOS Forum          PDOXDOS      CIS: PDOXDOS
Borland Paradox/Windows Forum      PDOXWIN      CIS: PDOXWIN
Borland Visual dBASE Forum         DBASEWIN     CIS: DBASEWIN
Bridge Forum                       BRIDGE       CIS: BRIDGE
Broadcast Professionals Forum      BPFORUM      CIS: BPFORUM
Broderbund Online Forum            BBFORUM      CIS: BBFORUM
Btrieve Technologies Forum         BTRIEVE      CIS: BTRIEVE
   Scalable, SQL, Xtrieve
BTX & PC Magazine Forum            BTXPC        CIS: BTXPC
Business Management Forum          BUSMAN       CIS: BUSMAN
CA 4Home Simply Forum              SIMPLY       CIS: SIMPLY
CA Application Development Forum   CAIDEV       CIS: CAIDEV
CA Business Partner Forum          CAPARTNER    CIS: CAPARTN
CA Clipper Germany Forum           CLIPGER      CIS: CLIPGER
CA Germany Forum                   CAGER        CIS: CAGER
CA Pro Solutions Forum             CAIPRO       CIS: CAIPRO
CA-Visual Objects Forum            VOFORUM      CIS: VOFORUM
Cabletron Systems Forum            CTRONFORUM   CIS: CTRONFOR
   Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI
   ATM, SNMP, Bridge, Router,
   Switch, NIC, MMAC, MMAC-PLUS
   MicroMac
CADD/CAM/CAE B Vendor Forum        CADDBVEN     CIS: CADDBVEN
   CAD, CAM, CAE, 
   Vendors and Conversation
CADD/CAM/CAE Vendor Forum          CADDVEN      CIS: CADDVEN
   TommySoftware, CAD/DRAW, 
   Windows, Shareware, 
   Graphic, Illustrator
Cadence Forum                      CADENCE      CIS: CADENCE
California Forum                   CALFORUM     CIS: CALFORUM
Camping Forum                      CAMPING      CIS: CAMPING
Campus Crusade for Christ          CIN-71       CIS: CIN-71
Canada Forum                       CDNFORUM     CIS: CDNFORUM
Canadian Business Online Forum     CANBUS       CIS: CANBUS
Cancer Forum                       CANCER       CIS: CANCER
Canon Support Forum                CANON        CIS: CAN-10
Canopus Forum                      CANOPUS      CIS: CANOPUS
Canopus Research Cyberspace Forum  CYBERZONE    CIS: CYBERZON
Career Management Forum            CAREERS      CIS: CAREERS
Caribbean Travel Forum             CARIBFORUM   CIS: CARIBFOR
CASE DCI Forum                     CASEFORUM    CIS: CASEFOR
Catholic Online Forum              CATHOLIC     CIS: CATHOLIC
Cats Forum                         CATS         CIS: CATS
CBA Administrators Forum           CBAFORUM     CIS: CBAFORUM        PRIVATE
CD-ROM A Vendors Forum             CDVENA       CIS: CDVENA
   Publishers of CD-ROM titles
CD-ROM B Vendors Forum             CDVENB       CIS: CDVENB
   System and software developers
   for CDROM products and services
CD-ROM Forum                       CDFORUM      CIS: CDFORUM
   General discussion about
   titles, hardware, and CDROM
   production
Chat Forum                         CBFORUM      CIS: CBFORUM
Chess Forum                        CHESSFORUM   CIS: CHESSFOR
Cheyenne Software Forum            CHEYENNE     CIS: CHEYENNE
CHIP Magazine Forum                CHIP         CIS: CHIP
Christian Bookseller Assoc. Forum  CIN-72       CIS: CIN-72
Christian Chamber of Comm. Forum   CIN-73       CIS: CIN-73
Christian Church Connections Forum CIN-69       CIS: CIN-69
Christian City Forum               CCITY        CIS: CCITY
Christian Fellowship Forum         FELLOWSHIP   CIS: FELLOWSH
Christian Interactive Network      CIN          CIS: CIN             PRIVATE
Christian Media/Publishing Forum   CIN-66       CIS: CIN-66
Christian Ministry Center 1 Forum  CIN-4        CIS: CIN-4
Christian Ministry Center 2 Forum  CIN-67       CIS: CIN-67
Christian World Crisis Forum       CIN-70       CIS: CIN-70
CIS Kundendienst Forum (FREE-B)    CISHILFE     CIS: CISHILFE
Citrix Systems Forum               CITRIX       CIS: CITRIX
City und Lifestyle Forum           CITYLIFE     CIS: CITYLIFE
Claris France Forum                CLARFR       CIS: CLARFR
   Claris French Product
   support, French language
Claris Macintosh Forum             MACCLARIS    CIS: MACCLARI
   FileMaker, ClarisWorks, MacWrite
   Claris Organizer, ClarisImpact,
   ClarisDraw, MacDraw, MacProject
Claris Windows Forum               WINCLARIS    CIS: WINCLARI
   Support for Windows Products
   (+cross-platform issues)
   FileMaker and ClarisWorks
Clipper Forum                      CLIPPER      CIS: CLIPPER
CNN Forum                          CNNFORUM     CIS: CNNFORUM
Cognos Forum                       COGNOS       CIS: COGNOS
Collectibles Forum                 COLLECT      CIS: COLLECT
College & Adult Student Forum      STUFOB       CIS: STUFOB
Color Computer Forum               COCO         CIS: COCO
Colorado Forum                     COLORADO     CIS: COLORADO
Comedy Central Forum               HOM-140      CIS: HOM-140
Comics/Animation Forum             COMICS       CIS: COMICS
Comics Publishers Forum            COMICPUB     CIS: COMICPUB
Commence Forum                     COMMENCE     CIS: COMMENCE
Commodore Applications Forum       CBMAPP       CIS: CBMAPP
Commodore Service Forum            CBMSERVICE   CIS: CBMSERV
Compaq Connection Forum            CPQFORUM     CIS: CPQFORUM
Compaq UK Forum                    CPQUK        CIS: CPQUK
CompuAdd Forum                     COMPUADD     CIS: COMPUADD
CompuServe Appl. Forum (FREE)      CSAPPS       CIS: CSAPPS
   Applications
CompuServe CD Forum (FREE)         CCDSUP       CIS: CCDSUP
CompuServe Companion Forum         MORECIM      CIS: MORECIM
CompuServe France Forum (FREE)     FRSUPPORT    CIS: FRSUPPOR
CompuServe Help Forum (FREE)       HELPFORUM    CIS: HELPFOR
CompuServe News Forum (FREE-B)     CSNEWS       CIS: CSNEWS
CompuServe Pacific Forum           PACFORUM     CIS: PACFORUM
   South Pacific, Australia,
   New Zealand, Naturalism, 
   Travel, Aviation
Computer Animation Forum           COMANIM      CIS: COMANIM
   video, windows, animation, 
   quicktime, vfw, qt, graphics
Computer Art Forum                 COMART       CIS: COMART
   workgroups, techniques,
   tips, ideas, inspiration, 
   gif, jpeg, graphics
Computer Club Forum                CLUB         CIS: CLUB
   Adam, Apricot, Eagle, KayPro
   LDOS, Panasonic, Sanyo, Z88
Computer Consultant's Forum        CONSULT      CIS: CONSULT
Computer Gaming World Mag. Forum   GAMEWORLD    ZNT: GAMEWORL
Computer Life Forum                LIFEFORUM    ZNT: LIFEFORU
Computer Life UK Forum             CLIFEUK      CIS: CLIFEUK
Computer Reseller News Forum       CRN          CIS: CRN
Computer Shopper (UK) Forum        UKSHOPPER    CIS: UKSHOPPE
Computer Spiele Forum              DEUSPIEL     CIS: DEUSPIEL
Computer Training Forum            DPTRAIN      CIS: DPTRAIN
Computers on Television Forum      PCTV         CIS: PCTV
Comshare Forum                     COMSHARE     CIS: COMSHARE        PRIVATE
Concord Coalition Forum            CONCORD      CIS: CONCORD
Connectix Forum                    CONNECTIX    CIS: CONNECTI
Consumer Electronics Audio Forum   CEAUDIO      CIS: CEAUDIO
Consumer Electronics General Forum CEGENERAL    CIS: CEGENERA
Consumer Electronics Video Forum   CEVIDEO      CIS: CEVIDEO
Consumer Forum                     CONFORUM     CIS: CONFORUM
   Buying advice Complaints Credit
   Bargains Personal finance Scams
   FightBack Legal rights Cars Home
Cooks Online Forum                 COOKS        CIS: COOKS
   desserts, meats, poultry,
   recipes, breads, microwave, 
   health, nutrition
Corel Forum                        CORELAPP     CIS: CORELAPP
Corel Office Forum                 PEROFF       CIS: PEROFF
Corel Office Library Forum         COFILES      CIS: COFILES
   Formerly PerfectOffice 
   Files Forum (NPOFILES)
Corel Quattro Pro Forum            QUATTROPRO   CIS: QUATTRO
Corel WordPerfect DOS Forum        WPDOS        CIS: WPDOS
Corel WordPerfect GmbH Forum       WPGER        CIS: WPGER
Corel WordPerfect Macintosh Forum  WPMAC        CIS: WPMAC
Corel WordPerfect Windows Forum    WPWIN        CIS: WPWIN
Court Reporters Forum              CRFORUM      CIS: CRFORUM
   Realtime, Captioning, Shorthand
   Transcription, NCRA, JCR, USCRA
   Assn. of Legal Administrators
CP/M Users Group Forum             CPMFORUM     CIS: CPMFORUM
Creative Labs Forum                BLASTER      CIS: BLASTER
Creative Solutions/Forth Forum     FORTH        CIS: FORTH
Crime - Time Warner Forum          TWCRIME      CIS: TWCRIME
Crystal Reports Forum              REPORTS      CIS: REPORTS
CS Navigator, Windows Forum (FREE) WCSNAVSUP    CIS: WCSNAVSU
CTOS/Pathway Forum                 CTOS         CIS: CTOS
Cyber Forum                        CYBERFORUM   CIS: CYBERFOR
Cycling Forum                      CYCLING      CIS: CYCLING

D2 Forum                           MANNESMANN   CIS: MANNESMA
Da Vinci Forum                     DAVINCI      CIS: DAVINCI
Data Access Corp. Forum            DACCESS      CIS: DACCESS
   DBMS, Database, 4GL, OOP, Object
   Programming, Report Writer, DOS
   Windows, UNIX, OS/2, LAN NETWARE
Data Based Advisor Forum           DBADVISOR    CIS: DBADVISO
DataEase International Forum       DATAEASE     CIS: DATAEASE
DATASTORM Forum                    DATASTORM    CIS: DATASTOR
   Data and Fax Communications
   Software, PROCOMM PLUS, PROCOMM
   PLUS for Windows
DBMS Magazine Forum                DBMSFORUM    CIS: DBMSFOR
DEC PC Forum                       DECPC        CIS: DECPC
DECPCI Forum                       DECPCI       CIS: DECPCI
Dell Forum                         DELL         CIS: DELL
Democratic Forum                   DEMOCRATS    CIS: DEMOCRAT
DER SPIEGEL Forum                  DERSPIEG     CIS: DERSPIEG
Desktop Forum                      MSDESKTOP    CIS: MSDESKTO        UPDATE
Desktop Publishing Forum           DTPFORUM     CIS: DTPFORUM
Desktop Publishing Vendor A Forum  DTPAVENDOR   CIS: DTPAVEN
Desktop Publishing Vendor B Forum  DTPBVENDOR   CIS: DTPBVEN
Desktop Video Forum                DTVFORUM     CIS: DTVFORUM
Detroit Free Press Forum           DETFORUM     CIS: DETFORUM
Deutsches CA-VO Forum              VOGER        CIS: VOGER
Deutsches Computer Forum           GERNET       CIS: GERNET
Deutsches Funk Forum               DEUFUNK      CIS: DEUFUNK
Deutsches Internet Forum           GERINTERNE   CIS: GERINTER
Deutsches MacCIM Forum             DMCIMSU      CIS: DMCIMSU
Deutsches PCpro Forum              PCPRO        CIS: PCPRO
   German, ZIFF PC-Professionall
   Shareware, Computer, PC-News
   Medizin, Benchmark, OzCIS, OLR
Deutsches Pl@net Forum             GERWIN       ZNT: GERWIN
Deutsches Win 3.x & DOS Forum      DEUDOS       CIS: DEUDOS          NEW
Deutsches Win95 App. Forum         DEUAPP       CIS: DEUAPP          NEW
Deutsches Win95 Connectivity Forum DEUCONNECT   CIS: DEUCONN         NEW
Deutsches Win95 Forum              DEUWIN95     CIS: DEUWIN95
Deutsches Windows NT Forum         DEUNT        CIS: DEUNT           NEW
Deutschland Info Forum             INFOGER      CIS: INFOGER
Deutschland Online Forum           GERLINE      CIS: GERLINE
Diabetes Forum                     DIABETES     CIS: DIABETES
DiagSoft Forum                     DIAGSOFT     CIS: DIAGSOFT
Diamond Multimedia Forum           DIAMOND      CIS: DIAMOND
Digitalk Forum                     DIGITALK     CIS: DIGITALK
Dinosaur Forum                     DINOFOR      CIS: DINOFOR
   news, reports, paleontology,
   science, history, 
   archaeology, evolution
Disabilities Forum                 DISABILITIES CIS: DISABIL
DMV Verlag Forum                   DOSINT       CIS: DOSINT
Dogs & Cats - Time Warner Forum    TWPETS       CIS: TWPETS
Dogs Forum                         DOGS         CIS: DOGS
Dolls Forum                        DOLLS        CIS: DOLLS
   Barbie(tm), teddy bears,
   miniatures, Hummel, Dept. 56
DOS Forum                          MSDOS        CIS: MSDOS           UPDATE
DOSCIM Support Forum (FREE)        DCIMSUPPORT  CIS: DCIMSUPP
Dr. Dobb's Journal Forum           DDJFORUM     CIS: DDJFORUM
Dr. Neuhaus Forum                  NEUHAUS      CIS: NEUHAUS
DTP Partner Forum                  DTPPARTNER   CIS: DTPPART
Duke Communications Forum          NEWS3X400    CIS: NEWS3X40
Dvorak Development Forum           DVORAK       CIS: DVORAK
Dwellings Forum                    TWDWELLINGS  CIS: TWDWELL
Earth Forum                        EARTH        CIS: EARTH
EDI Forum                          EDIFORUM     CIS: EDIFORUM
EDRIVE's Movie Forum               EMOVIES      CIS: EMOVIES
Education Forum                    EDFORUM      CIS: EDFORUM
   Education, Schools, Teachers,
   Librarians, Kidtech, Shareware,
   Preschool, Gifted, LD, Guidance
Educational Res. Forum             EDRESEARCH   CIS: EDRESEAR
   Share research findings, learn
   about research and statistical
   methodologies, Statistics
EETnet Engineering Forum           EETENG       CIS: EETENG
   Electronics, Technology,
   Hardware, Software, Analog,
   Digital, Design
EETnet International Forum         EETINT       CIS: EETINT
   Electronics, Technology, 
   International, Europe, 
   Japan, Humor, Profession
EETnet Standards Forum             EETSTD       CIS: EETSTD
   IEEE 1284 Parallell Port 
   Workgroup, ISO9000, Quality, 
   Systems, TQM, UL Helpline
Eicon Technology Forum             EICON        CIS: EICON
Electric Soul Forum                SOUL         CIS: SOUL
Electronic Frontier Found. Forum   EFFSIG       CIS: EFFSIG
Electronic Word Forum              EWORD        CIS: EWORD
ELSA GmbH Forum                    ELSA         CIS: ELSA
Encounters Forum                   ENCOUNTERS   CIS: ENCOUNT
Engineering Automation Forum       LEAP         CIS: LEAP
   Engineers, Architects, CAD,
   CAM, CAE, GIS, CNC, MMI, SCDA,
   PLC, RP, PDM, CSI, AIA
Entertainment Drive Forum          EFORUM       CIS: EFORUM
Entwickler Forum                   GERSOFT      CIS: GERSOFT
Epic MegaGames Forum               EPICFOR      CIS: EPICFOR
Epson Forum                        EPSON        CIS: EPSON
ETV Forum                          ETV          CIS: ETV
European Forum                     EURFORUM     CIS: EURFORUM
   Computing, Tourist, General
   topics in Europe, Sections
   for European countries
Excel Forum                        MSEXCEL      CIS: MSEXCEL         UPDATE
Executives Online Forum            EXEC         ZNT: EXEC
Familie & Computer Forum           FAMCOM       CIS: FAMCOM
Family Handyman Forum              HANDYMAN     CIS: HANDYMAN
   Magazine Subscription Tools
   Home Repair Improvement Remodel
   Plumbing Electrical Heating
Family Services Forum              MYFAMILY     CIS: MYFAMILY
Fan Club A Forum                   FANACLUB     CIS: FANACLUB
Fan Club B Forum                   FANBCLUB     CIS: FANBCLUB
Fan Club C Forum                   FANCCLUB     CIS: FANCCLUB
Fantasy Isle Forum                 ISLE         CIS: ISLE
Fed. Of Int'l Distributors Forum   FEDERATION   CIS: FEDERATI
Fibercrafts Forum                  FIBERCRAFTS  CIS: FIBERCRA
   embroidery, lacemaking, yarn,
   knitting, crochet, sewing, 
   quilting, weaving, spinning
Financial Software Forum           FINVEN       CIS: FINVEN
Fine Art Forum                     FINEART      CIS: FINEART
   local/regional artists, 
   Mill Pond Press, Winter Park 
   Sidewalk Art Fest
Firearms Forum                     FIREARMS     CIS: FIREARMS
Fishing Forum                      FISHING      CIS: FISHING
Fleet Street Forum                 FLEET        CIS: FLEET
Flight Simulation Forum            FSFORUM      CIS: FSFORUM
   Falcon, Wing Commander, X-Wing,
   Gunship 2000, F-117A, Space 
   Simulator, Aviation, Pilots
Florida Forum                      FLORIDA      CIS: FLORIDA
   tourism, travel, current 
   events, politics, Busch 
   Gardens, Walt Disney
Florida Today Forum                FLATODAY     CIS: FLATODAY
FocServices Forum                  FOCSERVICES  CIS: FOCSERV
FocWizard Forum                    FOCWIZARD    CIS: FOCWIZ
Forbes Online Forum                HOM-186      CIS: HOM-186
Foreign Language Forum             FLEFO        CIS: FLEFO
   Foreign Language, Translation,
   Teaching, Learning, Education,
   International, Travel, Study
Fortune Forum                      FFORUM       CIS: FFORUM
Four Wheel Drive Forum             FOURWD       CIS: FOURWD
Fox Software Forum                 FOXFORUM     CIS: FOXFORUM        UPDATE
Fox Users Forum                    FOXUSER      CIS: FOXUSER         UPDATE
France Cinema Forum                FCINEMA      CIS: FCINEMA
France Forum                       FRFORUM      CIS: FRFORUM
Fuji Photo Film USA Forum          FUJIFILM     CIS: FUJIFILM
Fujitsu Forum                      FUJITSU      CIS: FUJITSU
Funnies Forum                      FUNFOR       CIS: FUNFOR
FUSE Forum                         FUSE         CIS: FUSE
   FOCUS Users Group
   4GL EDA/SQL LEVEL5
   Information Builders Inc.
Game Developers Forum              GAMDEV       CIS: GAMDEV
   Computer Game Developers
   Association (CGDA)
Game Publishers A Forum            GAMAPUB      CIS: GAMAPUB
Game Publishers B Forum            GAMBPUB      CIS: GAMBPUB
Game Publishers C Forum            GAMCPUB      CIS: GAMCPUB
Game Publishers D Forum            GAMDPUB      CIS: GAMDPUB
Gamers Forum                       GAMERS       CIS: GAMERS
   Shareware/Freeware games, 
   edutainment, multimedia/CD-ROM,
   gaming accessories, strategy
Games Site Forum                   GSITE        CIS: GSITE           NEW
Gardening Forum                    GARDENING    CIS: GARDENIN
Gateway 2000 Forum                 GATEWAY      CIS: GATEWAY
Genealogy Forum                    ROOTS        CIS: ROOTS
Genealogy Support Forum            GENSUP       CIS: GENSUP
General Computing Forum            GENCOM       CIS: GENCOM
General Magic Forum                MAGIC        CIS: MAGIC
   Magic Cap, Telescript
German PC Direkt Forum             PCDIREKT     CIS: PCDIREKT
German PC Industrie Forum          TOSOGER      CIS: TOSOGER
   TommySoftware, CAD/DRAW, 
   Windows, Shareware, 
   Grafik, Illustration
Gibson Musical Instru. Forum       GIBSON       CIS: GIBSON          NEW
Glamour Graphics Forum             GLAMOUR      CIS: GLAMOUR
   body beautiful, fashion,
   clothing, costume, 
   swimwear, gif, jpeg, 
Global Crises Forum                CRISIS       CIS: CRISIS
   Russia, Bosnia, Iraq, Kuwait,
   Israel, Palestine, China, Serbia
   Europe, War, Crisis, News
Gold Disk Forum                    GOLDDISK     CIS: GOLDDISK
Golden CommPass Support Forum      GCPSUPPORT   CIS: GCPSUPP
Goldmine Forum                     GOLDMINE     CIS: GOLDMINE
Government Giveaways Forum         INFOUSA      CIS: INFOUSA
Graphics A Vendor Forum            GRVENA       CIS: GRVENA
Graphics Corner Forum              CORNER       CIS: CORNER
   user-submitted uploads, 
   gif, jpeg
Graphics Developers Forum          GRAPHDEV     CIS: GRAPHDEV
   fractals, fractint, pov-ray,
   3d, raytracing, stereograms,
   holusions, gif, jpeg
Graphics Gallery Forum             GALLERY      CIS: GALLERY
   museums, galleries, agencies,
   bureaus, fine art, tourism,
   travel, america
Graphics Key Club Forum            KEYCLUB      CIS: KEYCLUB
Graphics Plus Forum                GRAPHPLUS    CIS: GRAPHPLU
   user-submitted uploads, gif,
   jpeg, quicktime, movies
Graphics Showcase Forum            GRFSHOW      CIS: GRFSHOW
Graphics Support Forum             GRAPHSUPPORT CIS: GRAPHSUP
   gif, jpeg, viewers, 
   converters, printers, 
   udecoders, specifications
Graphics User Group A Forum        GUGRPA       CIS: GUGRPA
   Painter, Matisse, Tempra,
   Micro Frontier, Imagine,
   trueSpace, Lightwave
Graphics Vendor B Forum            GRVENB       CIS: GRVENB
Graphics Vendor C Forum            GRVENC       CIS: GRVENC
Graphics Visual Index Forum        GRFINDEX     CIS: GRFINDEX
Graphics Welcome Center Forum      GRFWELCOME   CIS: GRFWELCO
   help, assistance, aid, printing,
   viewing, converting, gif, jpeg
Great Outdoors Forum               OUTFORUM     CIS: OUTFORUM
GroupWare Files Forum              NGWFILES     CIS: NGWFILES
Growing Families Int'l Forum       CIN-18       CIS: CIN-18
   Christian
Gupta Forum                        GUPTAFORUM   CIS: GUPTAFOR
Hallowiegehts Forum                HALLO        CIS: HALLO
Hamnet Forum                       HAMNET       CIS: HAMNET
   Ham Radio Operator's Network
Handcrafts Forum                   HANDCRAFTS   CIS: HANDCRAF
   wood, paper, stamps, 
   clay, stone, glass, metal,
   non-textile materials
HAPAG-LLOYD Forum                  HAPAG        CIS: HAPAG
Hawaii Forum                       HAWAII       CIS: HAWAII
Hayes Online Forum                 HAYFORUM     CIS: HAYFORUM
   Modems, Communications
Health & Fitness Forum             GOODHEALTH   CIS: GOODHEAL
Helix Forum                        HELIX        CIS: HELIX
Hollywood Online Forum             FLICKS       CIS: FLICKS
   Movies, Television, Home Videos,
   Multimedia, Motion-pictures
Home Electronics Forum             HOMELECT     CIS: HOMELECT        NEW
   Previously CEGENERAL
Home Forum                         HOMEFORUM    CIS: HOMEFOR
Hong Kong Forum                    HKFORUM      CIS: HKFORUM
   China, Canton, Canto-pop
   Martial Arts, Cinema, Asia
   Chinese food & medicine
Horses Forum                       HORSES       CIS: HORSES
HP DeskJets Forum                  HPDESKJET    CIS: HPDESKJE
HP Deutsch Forum                   HPDEUT       CIS: HPDEUT          NEW
HP Handheld Forum                  HPHAND       CIS: HPHAND
HP LaserJets Forum                 HPLASER      CIS: HPLASER
HP PC Forum                        HPPC         CIS: HPPC
HP ScanJet Forum                   HPSCAN       CIS: HPSCAN
HP Systems Forum                   HPSYS        CIS: HPSYS
HSX Adult Forum                    HSX200       CIS: HSX200
HSX Open Forum                     HSX100       CIS: HSX100
Human Form Photo Forum             PHOTOHUMAN   CIS: PHOTOHUM
Hungary Forum                      HUNGARY      CIS: HUNGARY
Hunting Forum                      HUNTING      CIS: HUNTING
IBM Aptiva & PS/1 Forum            IBMPS1       CIS: IBMPS1
IBM CAD/CAM Forum                  IBMENG       CIS: IBMENG
IBM CICS Developers Forum          CICS         CIS: CICS
IBM COS Network Solution Forum     IBMCOS       CIS: IBMCOS
IBM DB2 Database Forum             IBMDB2       CIS: IBMDB2
IBM Desktop Forum                  IBMDESK      CIS: IBMDESK
IBM ImagePlus Forum                IMAGEP       CIS: IMAGEP
IBM Interactive Forum              INTERACTIV   CIS: INTERACT
IBM Languages Forum                IBMLANG      CIS: IBMLANG
IBM LMU/2 Forum                    LMUFORUM     CIS: LMUFORUM
IBM Netview Family Forum           NETVIEW      CIS: NETVIEW
IBM Object Technology Forum        IBMOBJ       CIS: IBMOBJ
IBM OS/2 Developer 1 Forum         OS2DF1       CIS: OS2DF1
IBM OS/2 Developer 2 Forum         OS2DF2       CIS: OS2DF2
IBM OS/2 Support Forum             OS2SUPPORT   CIS: OS2SUPP
IBM OS/2 Users Forum               OS2USER      CIS: OS2USER
IBM OS/2 Vendor A Forum            OS2AVEN      CIS: OS2AVEN
IBM OS/2 Vendor B Forum            OS2BVEN      CIS: OS2BVEN
IBM PC Server Forum                IBMSVR       CIS: IBMSVR
IBM PowerPC Forum                  POWERPC      CIS: POWERPC
IBM PS/2 Forum                     IBMPS2       CIS: IBMPS2
IBM PSM Deutschland Forum          OS2UGER      CIS: OS2UGER
IBM PSP A Products Forum           PSPAPROD     CIS: PSPAPROD
IBM Software Solutions Forum       SOFSOL       CIS: SOFSOL
IBM Special Needs Forum            IBMSPEC      CIS: IBMSPEC
IBM Storage Systems Forum          IBMSTORAGE   CIS: IBMSTOR
IBM ThinkPad Forum                 THINKPAD     CIS: THINKPAD
IBM ValuePoint Forum               VALUEPOINT   CIS: VALUEPOI
IBM VoiceType Forum                VOICETYPE    CIS: VOICETYP
IBM WRAD Support Forum             WRAD         CIS: WRAD
ICAA Forum                         ICAA         CIS: ICAA            PRIVATE
   Chartered Accountants Only
Ideas & Inventions Forum           INNOVATION   CIS: INNOVATI
Imaging Vendor A Forum             IMVENA       CIS: IMVENA
IndustryWeek Forum                 IWFOR        CIS: IWFOR
Informant Forum                    ICGFORUM     CIS: ICGFORUM
Information Mgmt. (DPMA) Forum     INFOMANAGE   CIS: INFOMAN
Informatique France Forum          INFOFR       CIS: INFOFR
   ARN, US Robotics France,
   QUO Vadis, Le Bihan
Informix Forum                     INFFORUM     CIS: INFFORUM
Infosuisse Forum                   INFOSUISSE   CIS: INFOSUIS
Inn and Lodging Forum              INNFORUM     CIS: INNFORUM
Intel Architecture Labs Forum      INTELARCH    CIS: INTELARC
Intel Comm. & Net Forum            INTELFORUM   CIS: INTELFOR
   Communications, Networking
Intel Compon./Embedded Tools Forum INTELCOMP    CIS: INTELCOM
   MCS-51(tm) Family, Multibus,
   iRMX(tm) Embedded Oper. Sys.,
   iRUG Real-time Users Group
Inter@ctive Week Forum             IAWEEK       ZNT: IAWEEK
International ProTrade Forum       PROTRADE     CIS: PROTRADE        PRIVATE
   $7.50/mo membership fee
   Traders from 80+ countries
International Trade Forum          TRADE        CIS: TRADE
   Export, Import, Trading, Tenders
   Business, Travel, Financial,
   Selling/Buying Shipping Customs 
Internet Business Commerce Forum   INETCOM      CIS: INETCOM
Internet France Forum              INETFR       CIS: INETFR
Internet Magazine Forum            INTMAG       CIS: INTMAG
Internet New Users Forum           INETNEW      CIS: INETNEW
Internet Publishing Forum          INETPUBLISH  CIS: INETPUB
Internet Resources Forum           INETRESO     CIS: INETRESO
Internet WebMasters Forum          INETWEB      CIS: INETWEB
Intersolv Forum                    INTERSOLV    CIS: INTERSOL
Intuit Quickbooks Forum            QUICKBOOKS   CIS: QUICKBOO
Intuit Quicken Forum               QUICKEN      CIS: QUICKEN
Investors Forum                    INVFORUM     CIS: INVFORUM
IRI Software Forum                 IRIFORUM     CIS: IRIFORUM
ISDN Forum                         ISDN         CIS: ISDN
   Integrated Services
   Digital Network
Israel Forum                       ISRAEL       CIS: ISRAEL
Issues Forum                       ISSUESFORUM  CIS: ISSUES
Italian Forum                      ITALFOR      CIS: ITALFOR
   Italy, Tourism, Travel, Wine
   Business, Art, Food, Trade

Japan Forum                        JAPAN        CIS: JAPAN
   PC, MAC, Windows, WP, DOS/V,
   Sumo, Travel, Food, Japan,
   Politics, News, Sports
Java(tm) Support Forum             JAVAUSER     CIS: JAVAUSER
Jazz Beat Forum                    JAZZ         CIS: JAZZ
Jensen-Jones Forum                 JJSUPPORT    CIS: JJSUPPOR
Jerry's World Forum                JWORLD       CIS: JWORLD
Jewish Forum                       JWSFRM       CIS: JWSFRM
Journalism Forum                   JFORUM       CIS: JFORUM
   Media Radio TV News Law Research
KHK Euro Line Forum                KHKEL        CIS: KHKEL
KHK Office Line Forum              KHKOL        CIS: KHKOL
KHK Partner Forum                  KHKPARTNER   CIS: KHKPARTN
KHK Service Line Forum             KHKSL        CIS: KHKSL
Kids Students Forum                STUFOC       CIS: STUFOC
Kids & Teens Student Forum         STUFOA       CIS: STUFOA
Kino Online Forum                  KINOLINE     CIS: KINOLINE
Kodak CD Forum                     EKODAK       CIS: EKODAK
   Photo CD, CMS, PCD, imaging, 
   CD-R prepress, Writable, CCD
   thermal, printers digital, 
L'Express Forum                    FOREXPRESS   CIS: FOREXPRE
LAN A Vendor Forum                 LANVEN       CIS: LANVEN
LAN B Vendor Forum                 LANBVEN      CIS: LANBVEN
LAN Magazine Forum                 LANMAG       CIS: LANMAG
Languages and SQL Forum            PSLANG       CIS: PSLANG
Laptop Vendor Forum                LAPTOP       CIS: LAPTOP
Latin America Forum                FORLATIN     CIS: FORLATIN
Law Enforcement Forum              POLICE       CIS: POLICE
Le Monde Forum                     MONDEFOR     CIS: MONDEFOR
Legal Forum                        LAWSIG       CIS: LAWSIG
Lexmark Forum                      LEXMARK      CIS: LEXMARK
Literary Forum                     LITFORUM     CIS: LITFORUM
Living History Forum               LIVING       CIS: LIVING
   re-enactments, antiquity,
   medieval, renaissance, sca, 
   indian, reenactments
Logitech Forum                     LOGITECH     CIS: LOGITECH
LOGO Forum                         LOGOFORUM    CIS: LOGOFOR
Lotus Communications Forum         LOTUSC       CIS: LOTUSC
   cc:Mail, Notes, Communications,
   Forms, VIP, VIM
Lotus Germany Forum                LOTUSGER     CIS: LOTUSGER
Lotus GmbH Forum                   LOTGER       CIS: LOTGER
   123, Approach, Ami Pro,
   Freelance, Organizer,
   cc:Mail, Notes
Lotus Press Release Forum          LOTUSNEWS    CIS: LOTUSN
   Lotus product support
   for German customers, News,
   Press Release, Information
Lotus Spreadsheets Forum           LOTUSA       CIS: LOTUSA
   Lotus 1-2-3 all versions, 
   OS/2, Add-in Products, Toolkit,
   SmartSuite, Installation
Lotus Word Processing Forum        LOTUSWP      CIS: LOTUSWP
   Lotus Ami Pro, LotusWrite,
   Samna Word IV, SmarText, OS/2
   Manuscript, Word Processing
Lotus WordPro Forum                WORDPRO      CIS: WORDPRO
Lotus Words & Pixels Forum         LOTUSB       CIS: LOTUSB
   Lotus Agenda, Magellan, Symphony
   LotusWorks, Approach, Organizer,
   ScreenCam, Freelance, OS/2, DOS 
Mac A Vendor Forum                 MACAVEN      CIS: MACAVEN
Mac Applications Forum             MACAP        CIS: MACAP
Mac B Vendor Forum                 MACBVEN      CIS: MACBVEN
Mac C Vendor Forum                 MACCVEN      CIS: MACCVEN
Mac Community/Club Forum           MACCLUB      CIS: MACCLUB
Mac D Vendor Forum                 MACDVEN      CIS: MACDVEN
MAC DTP Forum                      MACDTP       CIS: MACDTP
Mac Entertainment Forum            MACFUN       CIS: MACFUN
   HyperCard stacks, WAD files
   for Mac DOOM 2
Mac Navigator Support Forum (FREE) MNAVSUPPORT  CIS: MNAVSUPP
Mac New Users Help Forum           MACNEW       CIS: MACNEW
MacCIM en Francais Forum           FMCIMSU      CIS: FMCIMSU
MacCIM Support Forum (FREE)        MCIMSUP      CIS: MCIMSUP
MacGlamour Forum                   MACGLAMOUR   CIS: MACGLAMO
Macintosh Communications Forum     MACCOMM      CIS: MACCOMM
Macintosh Developers Forum         MACDEV       CIS: MACDEV
Macintosh Hardware Forum           MACHW        CIS: MACHW
   Macintosh AV and PCI
Macintosh Multimedia Forum         MACMULTI     CIS: MACMULTI
   QuickTime VR, QuickTime Windows
Macintosh O/S Forum                MACSYS       CIS: MACSYS
Macintosh Scripting Forum          MACSCRIPT    CIS: MACSCRIP
   Oracle Media Objects,
   AppleScript, Aretha/Frontier,
   HyperCard, SuperCard, Excel
Macmillan Publishing Forum         MACMILLAN    CIS: MACMILLA
Macromedia Forum                   MACROMEDIA   CIS: MACROMED
MACup Verlag Forum                 MACUP        CIS: MACUP
MacUser Forum                      MACUSER      ZMC: MACUSER
MacWEEK Forum                      MACWEEK      ZMC: MACWEEK
MagnaMedia Forum                   MAGNA        CIS: MAGNA
Masonry Forum                      MASONRY      CIS: MASONRY
MBAware Forum                      MBAWARE      CIS: MBAWARE
   The Management Software
   Association, TMSA
McAfee Virus Forum                 VIRUSFORUM   CIS: VIRUSFOR
Mclean's Online Forum              MCFORUM      CIS: MCFORUM
MDA Forum                          MDAFORUM     CIS: MDAFORUM
   Muscular Dystrophy Association,
   Neuromuscular, ALS, Disability,
   Telethon, Gehrig, Handicapped
MECA Software Forum                MECA         CIS: MECA
Media Vision Forum                 MEDIAVISION  CIS: MEDIAVIS
Medsig Forum                       MEDSIG       CIS: MEDSIG
Mensa Forum                        MENSA        CIS: MENSA
   Intelligence, Research, Gifted
   Children, Puzzles, Problem
   Solving, Info on Mensa
Mexico Forum                       MEXICO       CIS: MEXICO
Micro Focus Forum                  MICROFOCUS   CIS: MICROFOC
   COBOL, Assembler, Client/Server,
   Object, Rehosting, downsizing,
   Cross Platform, GUI, Mainframe
Micrografx Forum                   MICROGRAFX   CIS: MICROGRA
Microhelp Support Forum            MICROHELP    CIS: MICROHEL
Microrim Forum                     MICRORIM     CIS: MICRORIM
Microsoft Education & CP Forum     MSEDCERT     CIS: MSEDCERT
MicroStation Forum                 MSTATION     CIS: MSTATION
Microtest Forum                    MICROTEST    CIS: MICROTES
   Compas, DiscPort/DiscView,  
   MAP Assist, LAN Assist, CMS
   (Cable Management System), Penta
MIDI A Vendor Forum                MIDIAVEN     CIS: MIDIAVEN
MIDI B Vendor Forum                MIDIBVEN     CIS: MIDIBVEN
MIDI C Vendor Forum                MIDICVEN     CIS: MIDICVEN
MIDI D Vendor Forum                MIDIDVEN     CIS: MIDIDVEN
MIDI/Music Forum                   MIDIFORUM    CIS: MIDIFOR
Migraine Forum                     MIGRAINE     CIS: MIGRAINE
Military Forum                     MILFORUM     CIS: MILFORUM
Military Multimedia Forum          MILGRAPHICS  CIS: MILGRAPH
Military Organizations Forum       MILORGAN     CIS: MILORGAN
Mind/Body Sciences Forum           MIND         CIS: MIND
Missing Children Forum (FREE)      MISSING      CIS: MISSING
   exploited, online partners
Model Aviation Forum               MODELNET     CIS: MODELNET
Modem Games Forum                  MODEMGAMES   CIS: MODEMGAM
Modem ISDN Handy Forum             GERMODEM     CIS: GERMODEM
Modem Vendor Forum                 MODEMVENDOR  CIS: MODEMVEN
Motor Sports Forum                 RACING       CIS: RACING
Motorcycle Forum                   RIDE         CIS: RIDE
   American Motorcyclist 
   Association, Rider Magazine
Multi-Player Games Forum           MPGAMES      CIS: MPGAMES
Multimedia A Vendor Forum          MULTIVEN     CIS: MULTIVEN
Multimedia B Vendor Forum          MULTIBVEN    CIS: MULTIBVE
Multimedia C Vendor Forum          MULTICVEN    CIS: MULTICVE
Multimedia Forum                   MMFORUM      CIS: MMFORUM
Multiple Sclerosis Forum           MULTSCLER    CIS: MULTSCLE
Music/Arts Forum                   MUSICARTS    CIS: MUSICART
Music In(tr)Action Forum           IMUSIC       CIS: IMUSIC
Music Industry Forum               INMUSIC      CIS: INMUSIC
   Film, Conference, Festival,
   Trade shows, Softball/Golf
   tournaments
NAIC Invest. Ed. Forum             NAIC         CIS: NAIC
Native's Guide to New York Forum   NYNY         CIS: NYNY            NEW
Natural Medicine Forum             NATMED       CIS: NATMED
   Former Holistic Health Forum
   CIS:HOLISTIC
NCSA Anti-Virus Vendor Forum       NCSAVIR      CIS: NCSAVIR
NCSA Anti-Virus Vendor Forum       NCSAVIRUS    CIS: NCSAVIRU
NCSA InfoSecurity Forum            NCSAFORUM    CIS: NCSAFOR
NCSA Security Vendor Forum         NCSAVEN      CIS: NCSAVEN
NCSA Security Vendor Forum         NCSAVENDOR   CIS: NCSAVEND
Netherlands Forum                  NLFORUM      CIS: NLFORUM
   Nederland, Holland, Hollands,
   Belgie, Belgisch, Vlaanderen
   Amsterdam, Nederlands, Vlaams
NetLauncher Support Forum (FREE)   NLSUPPORT    CIS: NLSUPP
   Internet access
NetManage ECCO Forum               ECCO         CIS: ECCO
   Templates, Add-on utilities,
   tutorial files, Super-PIM
Netscape Users Forum               NSUSER       CIS: NSUSER
NetWare General Files Forum        NWGENFILES   CIS: NWGENFIL
NetWare Operating Sys. Files Forum NWOSFILES    CIS: NWOSFILE
Network VAR Forum                  NETVAR       CIS: NETVAR
   STACKS
Networks Forum                     MSNETWORKS   CIS: MSNETWOR        UPDATE
   Client Server Computing Forum
New Age A Forum                    NEWAAGE      CIS: NEWAAGE
   Spirituality, Astrology, Bach,
   ICHING, Divination, Channeling,
   Lazaris, Tao, Angels, Gnosticism
New Age B Forum                    NEWBAGE      CIS: NEWBAGE
   ESP, Paranormal, Dreaming, UFO,
   Psychic Phenomena, OOBE/NDE,
   Wicca, Paganism, Magick, Mind
New Member Forum (FREE)            NEWMEMBER    CIS: NEWMEMBE
New York Newslink Forum            NYLINK       CIS: NYLINK
New York Talk Forum                NYTALK       CIS: NYTALK
Newton Developers Forum            NEWTDEV      CIS: NEWTDEV
Newton/PIE Forum                   NEWTON       CIS: NEWTON
Newton Vendors Forum               NEWTVEN      CIS: NEWTVEN
NeXT Forum                         NEXTFORUM    CIS: NEXTFOR
NFIB Forum                         NFIB         CIS: NFIB            PRIVATE
   National Federation of
   Independent Business
Ninety Nines Forum                 NINETYNINES  CIS: NINETYNI        PRIVATE
   Must be member of 99's
NL Computing Forum                 NLCOMP       CIS: NLCOMP
NL Professionals Forum             NLPROF       CIS: NLPROF
NonProfit Forum                    NONPROFIT    CIS: NONPROF         PRIVATE
   Private Forum, $15/mo
   Charity, Fund raising
Novell Client Forum                NOVCLIENT    CIS: NOVCLIEN
Novell Connectivity Forum          NCONNECT     CIS: NCONNECT
Novell Developer Info Forum        NDEVINFO     CIS: NDEVINFO
Novell Developer Support Forum     NDEVSUPPORT  CIS: NDEVSUPP
Novell DSG Forum                   NDESKT       CIS: NDESKT
Novell Elec. Publishing Forum      ELECPUB      CIS: ELECPUB
   Electronic Publishing Tools
   Envoy
Novell GroupWise Forum             GROUPWISE    CIS: GROUPWIS
Novell Hardware Forum              NOVHW        CIS: NOVHW
Novell Information Forum           NGENERAL     CIS: NGENERAL
Novell InForms Forum               NINFORMS     CIS: NINFORMS
Novell Net. Management Forum       NOVMAN       CIS: NOVMAN
Novell NetWare 2.X Forum           NETW2X       CIS: NETW2X
Novell NetWare 3.X Forum           NETW3X       CIS: NETW3X
Novell Netware 4X Forum            NETW4X       CIS: NETW4X
Novell OS/2 Forum                  NOVOS2       CIS: NOVOS2
Novell PerfectHome Forum           MAINST       CIS: MAINST
   Main Street
Novell Presentations Forum         WPPR         CIS: WPPR
Novell SoftSolutions Forum         SOFTSOL      CIS: SOFTSOL
Novell Users Library Forum         NOVUSER      CIS: NOVUSER
Novell Vendor A Forum              NVENA        CIS: NVENA
Novell Vendor B Forum              NVENB        CIS: NVENB
NPA Member Forum                   NPAMEMBER    CIS: NPAMEMBE        PRIVATE
NT Workstation Forum               NTWORK       CIS: NTWORK
NW Solutions Magazine Forum        NWSFORUM     CIS: NWSFORUM
O.J. Simpson Forum                 OJFORUM      CIS: OJFORUM
Office Automation Forum            OAFORUM      CIS: OAFORUM
Office Automation Vendor B Forum   OAVENB       CIS: OAVENB          NEW
Office Automation Vendor Forum     OAVENDOR     CIS: OAVENDOR        UPDATE
Office Forum                       MSOFORUM     CIS: MSOFORUM
   Microsoft Office setup
Ohio Travel Forum                  OHIO         CIS: OHIO
OnLine Issues Forum                OLISSUES     CIS: FRM-591
OpenDoc Forum                      OPENDOC      CIS: OPENDOC
Options by IBM Forum               IBMOBI       CIS: IBMOBI
Oracle Support Forum               ORASUPPORT   CIS: ORASUPP         PRIVATE
Oracle User Group Forum            ORAUSER      CIS: ORAUSER
OS/2 CIM Support Forum (FREE)      OCIMSUPPORT  CIS: OCIMSUPP
OS-9 Forum                         OS9          CIS: OS9
Outdoor Kids Forum                 OUTKIDS      CIS: OUTKIDS
OZCIS Support Forum                OZCIS        CIS: OZCIS
Pacific Vendor Forum               PACVEN       CIS: PACVEN
Packard Bell Forum                 PACKARDBELL  CIS: PACKARDB
Palmtop B Forum                    PALMB        CIS: PALMB
Palmtop Forum                      PALMTOP      CIS: PALMTOP
Parental Controls Forum            PARCON       CIS: PARCON
Parsons Technology Forum           PTFORUM      CIS: PTFORUM
PBM/Board/Card Game Forum          PBMGAMES     CIS: PBMGAMES
PC Applications Forum              PCAPP        CIS: PCAPP
PC Bulletin Board Forum            PCBBS        CIS: PCBBS
PC Communications Forum            PCCOM        CIS: PCCOM
PC/Computing Mag. Contact Forum    PCCONTACT    ZNT: PCCONTAC
PC Direct France Forum             PCDIRF       CIS: PCDIRF
PC Direct UK Forum                 PCDUK        CIS: PCDUK
PC Expert Forum francais           PCEFORUM     CIS: PCEFORUM
PC Fun Forum                       PCFUN        CIS: PCFUN
PC Hardware Forum                  PCHW         CIS: PCHW
PC Magazine Editorial Forum        EDITORIAL    ZNT: EDITORIA
PC Magazine Programming Forum      PROGRAMMING  ZNT: PROGRAMM
PC Magazine UK Forum               PCUKFORUM    CIS: PCUKFOR
PC Magazine Utilities/Tips Forum   TIPS         ZNT: TIPS
PC-ONLINE Magazine Forum           PCONLINE     CIS: PCONLINE
PC Plug and Play Forum             PLUGPLAY     CIS: PLUGPLAY
PC Plus / PC Answers Forum         PCPFORUM     CIS: PCPFORUM
PC Programming Forum               PCPROG       CIS: PCPROG
PC Shopping Magazine Forum         PCSHOPPING   CIS: PCSHOPPI
PC Utilities/Systems Forum         PCUTIL       CIS: PCUTIL
PC Vendor A Forum                  PCVENA       CIS: PCVENA
PC Vendor B Forum                  PCVENB       CIS: PCVENB
PC Vendor C Forum                  PCVENC       CIS: PCVENC
PC Vendor D Forum                  PCVEND       CIS: PCVEND
PC Vendor E Forum                  PCVENE       CIS: PCVENE
PC Vendor F Forum                  PCVENF       CIS: PCVENF
PC Vendor G Forum                  PCVENG       CIS: PCVENG
PC Vendor H Forum                  PCVENH       CIS: PCVENH
PC Vendor I Forum                  PCVENI       CIS: PCVENI
PC Vendor J Forum                  PCVENJ       CIS: PCVENJ
PC Vendor K Forum                  PCVENK       CIS: PCVENK
PC Week Online Forum               PCWEEK       ZNT: PCWEEK
PC Welcome Center Forum            PCNEW        CIS: PCNEW
   New user's
PC World 3D Gaming Forum           GAME3D       CIS: GAME3D
PC World Entertainment Forum       GAMING       CIS: GAMING
PC World Online Forum              PWOFORUM     CIS: PWOFOR
PC World SOHO Forum                SOHO         CIS: SOHO
PC World Tech Forum                PCTECH       CIS: PCTECH
PCW Simulation Games Forum         SIMGAMES     CIS: SIMGAMES
PCWorld Online Stardock Forum      STARDOCK     CIS: STARDOCK
PDP-11 Forum                       PDP11        CIS: PDP11
Peachtree Software Forum           PEACHTREE    CIS: PEACHTRE
PEARL Fun Forum                    PEARLFOR     CIS: PEARLFOR
   Shareware, Gif, German(y)
   Europe, Games
PEARL Support Forum                PEARLSUP     CIS: PEARLSUP
Pen Technology Forum               PENFORUM     CIS: PENFORUM
People Magazine Forum              PEOFRM       CIS: PEOFRM
Pet Products A Forum               PFVENA       CIS: PFVENA
   Pet products from food to
   software.
Pet Products B Forum               PFVENB       CIS: PFVENB
Photo Gallery Forum                PHOTOEXHIBIT CIS: PHOTOEXH
Photo Professionals Forum          PROPHOTO     CIS: PROPHOTO
Photodex Forum                     PHOTODEX     CIS: PHOTODEX
Photography Forum                  PHOTOFORUM   CIS: PHOTOFOR
Pinter Consulting Forum            PINTER       CIS: PINTER
Playbill On-Line Forum             HOM-111      CIS: HOM-111
Polaris Software Forum             POLARIS      CIS: POLARIS
Political Debate Forum             POLITICS     CIS: POLITICS
Portable Prog. Forum               CODEPORT     CIS: CODEPORT
PowerBuilder Forum                 PBFORUM      CIS: PBFORUM
Powersoft Forum                    PSFORUM      CIS: PSFORUM
PR and Marketing Forum             PRSIG        CIS: PRSIG
Practical Periph. Forum            PPIFORUM     CIS: PPIFORUM
Practice Forum (FREE)              PRACTICE     CIS: PRACTICE
Processors and About Intel Forum   INTELP       CIS: INTELP
   About Intel, Microprocessors
Professional Publishing Forum      PROPUB       CIS: PROPUB          PRIVATE
Project & Cost Management Forum    TCMVEN       CIS: TCMVEN
Property Forum                     REALPRO      CIS: REALPRO
PSP BETA Forum                     PSPBETA      CIS: PSPBETA
Public Health Forum                PUBHLTH      CIS: PUBHLTH

Quark Online Users Forum           QUARK        CIS: QUARK
Quarterdeck Forum                  QUARTERDEC   CIS: QUARTERD
Recht Online Forum                 RECHTFORUM   CIS: RECHTFOR
Recovery Forum                     RECOVERY     CIS: RECOVERY
Recreation Vehicle Forum           RVFORUM      CIS: RVFORUM
Reise Forum                        REISEFORUM   CIS: REISEFOR
Religion Forum                     RELIGION     CIS: RELIGION
Religious Issues Forum             RELISSUES    CIS: RELISSUE
Republican Forum                   REPUBLICAN   CIS: REPUBLIC
Retirement Living Forum            RETIREMENT   CIS: RETIRE
Reuter News Pictures Forum         NEWSPIX      CIS: NWS-28
Reveal Forum                       REVEAL       CIS: REVEAL
Revelation Tech Forum              REVELATION   CIS: REVELATI
Rock Online Forum                  ROCKONLINE   CIS: ROCKONLI
Rocknet Forum                      ROCKNET      CIS: ROCKNET
Role-Playing Games Forum           RPGAMES      CIS: RPGAMES
Rolling Stone Forum                RSFORUM      CIS: RSFORUM
Romance Forum                      ROMANCE      CIS: ROMANCE         NEW
Rotarians Online Forum             ROTARY       CIS: ROTARY
Rural Living Forum                 RURAL        CIS: RURAL
Safetynet Forum                    SAFETYNET    CIS: SAFETY
Sailing Forum                      SAILING      CIS: SAILING
   Yachts, Yachting, Regattas,
   BOC, Whitbread, Windsurfing
Santa Cruz Operation Forum         SCOFORUM     CIS: SCOFORUM
Science/Math Ed. Forum             SCIENCE      CIS: SCIENCE
   Science, Math, Physics, Medicine
   Engineering, Geology, Fractals
   Chemistry, Biology, Astronomy
SCO UnixWare Forum                 UNIXWARE     CIS: UNIXWARE
Scouting Forum                     SCOUTING     CIS: SCOUTING
Scuba Forum                        DIVING       CIS: DIVING
   Underwater, photography,
   wetsuits, drysuits, divesites,
   diving instruction & equipment
Seagate Forum                      SEAGATE      CIS: SEAGATE
Seagate Software Support Forum     SSSMG        CIS: SSSMG           UPDATE
   Previously ARCADA
Sega Forum                         SEGAFORUM    CIS: SEGAFORU
   Sega Genesis, 32X,
   Sega Channel, PICO
Selling Online Forum               SELLFOR      CIS: SELLFOR
Sewing & Quilting Forum            SEWING       CIS: SEWING
   GO QUILTING
SF/Fantasy Literature Forum        SFLIT        CIS: SFLIT
   Authors, Science, Fiction,
   Books, Fantasy, Hobbies,
   Entertainment
SF/Fantasy Media 2 Forum           SFMEDTWO     CIS: SFMEDTWO
SF/Media 1 Forum                   SFMEDONE     CIS: SFMEDONE
   Startrek, Wars, Fantasy,
   Television, Babylon,
   Highlander, Hobbies, Movies
Shareware Beta Forum               SWBETA       CIS: SWBETA
Shiva Forum                        SHIVA        CIS: SHIVA           NEW
Shoreline Software Forum           CISCOMM      CIS: CISCOMM
ShowBizMedia Forum                 SHOWBIZ      CIS: SHOWBIZ
Siemens Automatisierungs Forum     AUTFORUM     CIS: AUTFORUM
   SIEMENS AUT AUTOMATION SIA S5 S7
   PLC SIMATIC SINEC COROS TRAINING
   LOGIC CONTROLLER TI TI505 PCS
Siemens Nixdorf Forum              SNIPCD       CIS: SNIPCD
Sierra On-Line Forum               SIER         CIS: SIER
Sight And Sound Forum              SSFORUM      CIS: SSFORUM
   gif, jpeg, wave, audio,
   midi, graphics
Skiing Forum                       SKIING       CIS: SKIING
SmartCard Forum                    SMARTCARD    CIS: SMARTCAR
   IC Card, payment systems
Smith Micro Forum                  SMITHMICRO   CIS: SMITHMIC
Soap Opera Forum                   SOAPFORUM    CIS: SOAPFORU
Softkey Forum                      SOFTKEY      CIS: SOFTKEY
   WordStar, Calendar Creator, Key,
   PFS, American Heritage, AHD, WS,
   ZSoft, Spinnaker, Power Up
Software Development Forum         SDFORUM      CIS: SDFORUM
Software Marketing Forum           SWSHOP       CIS: SWSHOP
Software Pub. Assoc. Forum         SPAFORUM     CIS: SPAFORUM
Software Publishing Forum          SPCFORUM     CIS: SPCFORUM
Space Exploration Forum            SPACEX       CIS: SPACEX
Space Flight Forum                 SPACEFLIGHT  CIS: SPACEFLI
Spanish Forum                      SPFORUM      CIS: SPFORUM
SPEA Forum                         SPEA         CIS: SPEA
Spinnaker Software Forum           SPINNAKER    CIS: SPINNAKE
Sports Forum                       FANS         CIS: FANS
Sports Simulation Forum            SPRTSIMS     CIS: SPRTSIMS
SQL Server Forum                   MSSQL        CIS: MSSQL           UPDATE
Stac Electronics Forum             STACKER      CIS: STACKER
Standard Microsystems Forum        SMC          CIS: SMC
Starbase Forum                     STR-4        CIS: STR-4
   VERSIONS, VERSIONS/VB,
   VERSIONS/DOCS, Boris
Starfish Software Forum            SIMPLIFY     CIS: SIMPLIFY
Sterling Software Storage Mgmt.    STORAGE      CIS: STORAGE
Forum
SunSoft Forum                      SUNSOFT      CIS: SUNSOFT
Support Tech Vendor A Forum        CSVENA       CIS: CSVENA
Support Technology Vendor Forum    CSTECH       CIS: CSTECH
Supra Forum                        SUPRA        CIS: SUPRA
Survivors Forum                    SURVIVOR     CIS: SURVIVOR        NEW
Sybase OpenLine Forum              SYBOPN       CIS: SYBOPN          UPDATE
Sybase PrivateLine Forum           SYBPVT       CIS: SYBPVT          UPDATE
SYBEX Publishing Forum             SYBEX        CIS: SYBEX
Symantec Dev. Tools Forum          SYMDEVTOOL   CIS: SYMDEVTO
Symantec DOS & OS/2 Forum          SYMDOS       CIS: SYMDOS
   Central Point Software
Symantec Europe Forum              SYMEUR       CIS: SYMEUR
Symantec Macintosh Forum           SYMMAC       CIS: SYMMAC
Symantec Network Products Forum    SYMNET       CIS: SYMNET
Symantec Norton Util Forum         SYMUTIL      CIS: SYMUTIL
Symantec Windows 3.1 Forum         SYMWIN       CIS: SYMWIN
   Central Point Software
Symantec Windows 95 & NT Forum     SYMNEW       CIS: SYMNEW
TalkBack Live Forum                TALKBACK     CIS: TALKBACK
Tandy Model 100 Forum              TANDYLAPTOP  CIS: TANDYLAP
Tandy Professional Forum           TANDYPRO     CIS: TANDYPRO
TAPCIS ESP Forum (FREE)            TAPESP       CIS: TAPESP          PRIVATE
   TAPCIS Extended Service Plan
   Private forum, free of connect
   time for ESP members & sysops
TAPCIS Forum                       TAPCIS       CIS: TAPCIS
   Access Program (navigator) for
   CompuServe, Support Group Inc.
   FORUMS.LST, TAPCIS News
Tax Connection Forum               TAXTALK      CIS: TAXTALK
Tektronix Forum                    TEKTRONIX    CIS: TEKTRON
Telecom Support Forum              TELECOM      CIS: TELECOM
Telework Europa Forum              TWEUROPA     CIS: TWEUROPA
Tennis Forum                       TENNIS       CIS: TENNIS
TEWI Forum                         TEWIFORUM    CIS: TEWIFOR
Texas Instruments Forum            TIFORUM      CIS: TIFORUM
The Entrepreneur's Forum           SMALLBIZ     CIS: SMALLBIZ
The Private Forum                  PRIVATE      CIS: PRIVATE
   Formerly EVIDEO Forum
Thomas-Conrad Forum                TCCFORUM     CIS: TCCFORUM
TIME Online Forum                  TIMEFOR      CIS: TIMEFOR
Time Warner Lifestyles Forum       TWLIFE       CIS: TWLIFE
Timescape Library Forum            TIMESCAPE    CIS: TIMESCAP
   Formerly Contemporary 
   Motion Images Forum 
   (CIS:ENERGY)
TIMESLIPS Forum                    TIMESLIPS    CIS: TIMESLIP
TopSpeed Corporation Forum         CLARION      CIS: CLARION
Toshiba Forum                      TOSHIBA      CIS: TOSHIBA
Toshiba GmbH Forum                 TOSHGER      CIS: TOSHGER
Trading Card Forum                 CARDS        CIS: CARDS
Trainers & Training Forum          TRAINERS     CIS: TRAINERS
TrainNet Forum                     TRAINNET     CIS: TRAINNET
Travel Forum                       TRAVFORUM    CIS: TRAVFOR
Travel Professionals Forum         TRAVPRO      CIS: TRAVPRO
Travel Software Support Forum      TSSFORUM     CIS: TSSFORUM
Trinity Delta Forum                TRINITY      CIS: TRINITY
TurboTax Support Forum             TURBOTAX     CIS: TURBOTAX
TV Zone Forum                      TVZONE       CIS: TVZONE
U.S. Travel Forum                  USTRAVEL     CIS: USTRAVEL
   Formerly U.S. Tourism Forum
   (CIS:USTOUR)
UFO Forum                          UFOFORUM     CIS: UFOFORUM
UK Forum                           UKFORUM      CIS: UKFORUM
UK Information  Forum              UKIT         CIS: UKIT
UK Music Forum                     UKMUSIC      CIS: UKMUSIC
UK Politics Forum                  UKPOLITICS   CIS: UKPOLITI
UK Professionals Forum             UKPROF       CIS: UKPROF
UK Recreation Forum                UKREC        CIS: UKREC
UK Travel Forum                    UKTF         CIS: UKTF
UK Vendor A Forum                  UKVENA       CIS: UKVENA
Ultimedia Tools Series B Forum     ULTIBTOOLS   CIS: ULTIBTOO
UNIX Forum                         UNIXFORUM    CIS: UNIXFOR
Unix Vendor A Forum                UNIXAVEN     CIS: UNIXAVEN
User Groups Forum                  UGFORUM      CIS: UGFORUM
UserLand Forum                     USERLAND     CIS: USERLAND
USNews College Fair Forum          USNCOLLEGE   CIS: USNCOLLE
VARBusiness Forum                  VARBUSINESS  CIS: VARBUSIN
VAX Forum                          VAXFORUM     CIS: VAXFORUM
VBPJ Forum                         VBPJFORUM    CIS: VBPJFORU
   Visual Basic Programmers Journal
Vegetarian Forum                   VEGETA       CIS: VEGETA
   recipes, cooking, baking, 
   fruits, vegetables, health,
   nutrition, resources
Vet Care Forum                     PETSVET      CIS: PETSVET
Video Games Forum                  VIDGAM       CIS: VIDGAM
   Sega, Genesis, CD, 3DO, GameBoy,
   NES/Super Nintendo, Atari,
   Philips CD-I, Sony Playstation
Video Gaming Central Forum         VGCENT       CIS: VGCENT
   Previously VIDAPUB
Visio Forum                        SHAPEWARE    CIS: SHAPEWAR
   Formerly Shapeware Forum
Visual FoxPro Forum                VFOX         CIS: VFOX            UPDATE
VMARK Forum                        VMARK        CIS: VMARK           PRIVATE
Vobis AG Computer Forum            VOBIS        CIS: VOBIS
   Driver, Updates, Utilities,
   Technical Information, FAQ's
   Email support for Highscreen
Wang Support Forum                 WANGFORUM    CIS: WANGFOR
Weather Channel Forum              TWCFORUM     CIS: TWCFORUM
What Personal Computer Forum       WHATPERSCO   CIS: WHATPERS
White House Forum                  WHITEHOUSE   CIS: WHITEHOU
WinCIM General Forum (FREE)        WCIMGENERAL  CIS: WCIMGENE
WinCIM Technical Forum (FREE)      WCIMTECH     CIS: WCIMTECH
Windows 3rd Party A Forum          WINAPA       CIS: WINAPA
Windows 3rd Party B Forum          WINAPB       CIS: WINAPB
Windows 3rd Party C Forum          WINAPC       CIS: WINAPC
Windows 3rd Party D Forum          WINAPD       CIS: WINAPD
Windows 3rd Party E Forum          WINAPE       CIS: WINAPE
Windows 3rd Party F Forum          WINAPF       CIS: WINAPF
Windows 3rd Party G Forum          WINAPG       CIS: WINAPG
Windows 3rd Party I Forum          WINAPI       CIS: WINAPI
Windows 32 SDK Forum               MSWIN32      CIS: MSWIN32         UPDATE
Windows 95 Forum                   MSWIN95      CIS: MSWIN95         UPDATE
Windows 95 Setup Forum             SETUP95      CIS: SETUP95         UPDATE
Windows AV Forum                   WINAV        CIS: WINAV
Windows BASIC Langauges Forum      MSBASIC      CIS: MSBASIC         UPDATE
Windows Benelux Forum              MSBF         CIS: MSBF            UPDATE
Windows Business App. Forum        WINBIZ       CIS: WINBIZ
   Information resource and
   support area for all 
   Windows Business users.
Windows Business Vendors Forum     WINBZA       CIS: WINBZA          NEW
Windows Components A Forum         COMPA        CIS: COMPA
Windows Components B Forum         COMPB        CIS: COMPB
Windows Components C Forum         COMPC        CIS: COMPC
Windows Connectivity Forum         WINCON       CIS: WINCON
Windows Dev. Relations Forum       MSDR         CIS: MSDR            UPDATE
   Developer relations
Windows Extensions Forum           WINEXT       CIS: WINEXT          UPDATE
Windows for Workgroups Forum       MSWFWG       CIS: MSWFWG          UPDATE
Windows Forum                      MSWIN        CIS: MSWIN           UPDATE
Windows Foundation Classes Forum   MSMFC        CIS: MSMFC           UPDATE
Windows France Forum               MSFR         CIS: MSFR            UPDATE
Windows Fun Forum                  WINFUN       CIS: WINFUN
Windows Games Forum                WINGAME      CIS: WINGAME
Windows German Magazine Forum      WINGER       CIS: WINGER
Windows Home Products Forum        MSHOME       CIS: MSHOME          UPDATE
Windows Hong Kong Forum            MSHK         CIS: MSHK            UPDATE
Windows Int'l Dev. Forum           WINTLDEV     CIS: WINTLDEV        UPDATE
   International Developers
Windows Italy Forum                MSITALY      CIS: MSITALY         UPDATE
Windows Languages Forum            MSLANG       CIS: MSLANG          UPDATE
Windows Magazine Forum             WINMAG       CIS: WINMAG
Windows Multimedia Forum           WINMM        CIS: WINMM
Windows Networking A Forum         WINETA       CIS: WINETA
Windows News Forum                 WINNEWS      CIS: WINNEWS         UPDATE
Windows NT Forum                   WINNT        CIS: WINNT           UPDATE
Windows NT Server Forum            NTSERVER     CIS: NTSERVER        UPDATE
Windows NT SNA Forum               MSSNA        CIS: MSSNA           UPDATE
Windows Objects Forum              WINOBJ       CIS: WINOBJ          UPDATE
Windows OLE Solutions Forum        OLESOLNS     CIS: OLESOLNS        UPDATE
Windows Prod. Shareware Forum      WINPROD      CIS: WINPROD         UPDATE
   Productivity
Windows Programming Apps Forum     PROGMS       CIS: PROGMS          UPDATE
Windows SDK Forum                  WINSDK       CIS: WINSDK          UPDATE
Windows Shareware Forum            WINSHARE     CIS: WINSHARE
Windows Sources Magazine Forum     WINSOURCES   ZNT: WINSOURC
Windows Spain/Latin Am. Forum      MSSP         CIS: MSSP            UPDATE
Windows Sweden Forum               MSSWE        CIS: MSSWE           UPDATE
Windows User Forum                 WINUSER      CIS: WINUSER
   Advisor, NT, 95 UserGroup, 
   Events, News, Troubleshoot, 
   Optimization, Shareware
Windows Utility Forum              WINUTIL      CIS: WINUTIL
Windows Utility Vendor A Forum     WINUTA       CIS: WINUTA
WindowShare France Forum           WSHARE       CIS: WSHARE
Wine Forum                         WINEFORUM    CIS: WINEFOR
Wired on Country Forum             COUNTRY      CIS: COUNTRY
Wireless Communications Forum      WIRELESS     CIS: WIRELESS
Wolfram Research Forum             WOLFRAM      CIS: WOLFRAM
   CAS, Computer Algebra System,
   Symbolic computation, Plots,
   Engineering, Computer Science
Women in Aviation Forum            WIAONLINE    CIS: WIAONLIN
Women's Wire Forum                 WWFORUM      CIS: WWFORUM
Word Forum                         MSWORD       CIS: MSWORD          UPDATE
WordPerfect Magazine Forum         WPMAGFORUM   CIS: WPMAGFOR
WordPerfect Users Forum            WPUSERS      CIS: WPUSERS
   Independent Support Forum,
   All WPCorp Products
Workgroup Applications Forum       MSWGA        CIS: MSWGA           UPDATE
Working-From-Home Forum            WORK         CIS: WORK
World Comm. English Forum          EWCFORUM     CIS: EWCFORUM
   Global community,
   English translations
World Comm. French Forum           FWCFORUM     CIS: FWCFORUM
   Global community,
   French translations
World Comm. German Forum           GWCFORUM     CIS: GWCFORUM
   Global community, 
   German translations
World Comm. Spanish Forum          SWCFORUM     CIS: SWCFORUM
   Global community,
   Spanish translations
World Motoring News Forum          MOTORING     CIS: MOTORING
World of Graphics Forum            WORLD        CIS: WORLD
   user-submitted uploads, 
   gif, jpeg, graphics
WorldsAway Community Forum         AWAY         CIS: TRA-39
   Reno, Virtual, World, 
   Community, Avatar
Worldwide Car Network Forum        WWCAR        CIS: WWCAR
Writers Forum                      WRITERS      CIS: WRITERS
WRQ/Reflection Forum               WRQFORUM     CIS: WRQFORUM
   Connecting DOS, Windows and Mac
   platforms to HP, DEC, Unix
   and IBM hosts
WUGNET Forum                       WUGNET       CIS: WUGNET
   Window User's Group Forum
WWW Browser Vendor Forum           WEBBRO       CIS: WEBBRO
Xerox Office Solutions Forum       XRXOFFICE    CIS: XRXOFFIC
Xerox Prod. Printing Forum         XRXPRINT     CIS: XRXPRINT
Xerox Software Forum               XRXSW        CIS: XRXSW
Xircom Forum                       XIRCOM       CIS: XIRCOM
Youth Drive Forum                  YDRIVE       CIS: YDRIVE
ZD Benchmark Forum                 ZDBENCHMAR   CIS: ZDBENCH
ZD Computer Shopper Forum          COMPSHOPPER  ZNT: COMPSHOP
ZD Net Applications Forum          ZDAPPS       ZNT: ZDAPPS
   Public Brand Software
ZD Net Arcade Forum                ZDARCADE     ZNT: ZDARCAD
   Public Brand Software
ZD Net Business Forum              ZDBUS        ZNT: ZDBUS
ZD Net Education Forum             ZDEDUCATION  ZNT: ZDEDUCA
   Public Brand Software
ZD Net Home Forum                  ZDHOME       ZNT: ZDHOME
   Public Brand Software
ZD Net/Mac Tech & Business Forum   ZMACTE       ZMC: ZMACTE
ZD Net Speakeasy Forum             SPEAKEASY    ZNT: SPEAKEAS
ZD Net Studio Forum                ZDSTUDIO     ZNT: ZDSTUDI
   Public Brand Software
ZD Net Support Forum (FREE)        ZDHELP       ZNT: ZDHELP
ZD Net Utilities Forum             ZDUTILS      ZNT: ZDUTILS
   Public Brand Software
ZD Net Utilities Forum (FREE)      FREEUTIL     ZNT: FREEUTIL
Zenith Data Systems Forum          ZENITH       CIS: ZENITH
ZMac Arts & Fun Forum              ZMACARTS     CIS: ZMACARTS
ZMac Free Utilities Forum (FREE)   MACUTIL      ZMC: MACUTIL
ZMac Tech & Business Forum         ZMACTECH     CIS: ZMACTECH

                                                                         
FRPBBS sup doc #2:

The latest version of FRPBBS (version 10.11) contains some important
modifications (necessary ones) and nine additional files for your use.
These files are written by you and accessed by users (with player access or
above) from the [F] FILE section.

The files are created from the SYSTEM FILES area.  Each file is given the disk
file name:

    sf. #

Where # is a number between 1 and 9. ("sf" stands for SPECIAL FILE)  So,
special file one would be created with the name: sf. 1 (the space before the
digit is significant).

To access the file, a user need only type the digit while in the FILE section.
 So that they will know the files exist, be sure to add them to the help menu!
 Ex:

        [1] GAME MASTER NOTES
        [2] HOW TO FORM A GAME
        [3] HOW TO SEND DONATIONS TO SPLITINFINITY

 (File #3 should be on all FRPBBSs, of course!)

If a special file is not created, and a user types it's digit, they will
simply recieve a message saying the file is empty.

These files make life much easier.  You can now give out information on
runnin	games (tiresome to repeat stuff) in a file, and just ask anyone who
wants to run a game to read them.  Of course, you can always put in such
things as: OTHER BBS NUMBERS and other "expected" files which were not
included in the original version.

NOTES ON FAST LOAD:
FRPBBS uses RELative files for the user log and othe functions.  Because of
this, the FAST LOAD cartridge by Epyx will cause malfunctions.  FAST LOAD
(some versions at least) DO NOT work right with RELative files.


SKIP OPTION:
At some points	here you are asked to PRESS RETURN: you can instead press the
S key.  This will skip the file which would normaly be displayed.  For
instance, the HELLO file and BULLETIN file can be bypassed with this function.


FURTHER VERSIONS OF FRPBBS:
No doubt you've noticed what may seem a rapid turn-over of versions of FRPBBS.
 You probably are wondering wheather to even bother downloading the present
version because a new one will be up in under a week.  That may or may not be
true, but if you are serious about 	nning FRPBBS, you should always get the
newest version.  I will keep keep them compatible.

Thanks for your support,

      SpLiTiNfInItY



[END/FILE]



                                                                         

FRP.DOC SUPPLEMENT
------------------

Additional documentation for FRP.BBS by SpLiTiNfInItY


INTRODUCTION

This file contains some missing information from the original documentation
file as well as some new ideas and information.  This file is not large, and a
simple reading might serve better than a costly downloading.


CHAT MODES

I left out a description of the three chat modes you can select, which was a
major source of confusion by FRP Sysops.  These modes are:

 0  Chat paging is off
 1  Chat paging is ON
 2  Chat paging is ON for Game Masters and Sysops ONLY

 You will probably find that option 2 is a big help after awhile.  It forces
players to go to their GM for help rather than bugging you all the time.  At
first you probably want to be bugged, but belive me... it can get to be quite
an experience after awhile.  Your GMs are probably pretty responsible anyway,
so let them help out the new comers.


RAISING A USER'S ACCESS LEVEL

Few people have trouble raising a user's access level in Chat mode, but they
do using the local logon prodecure.  First local logon as the user in question
(using his/her ID# and the backdoor password).  Then from the main menu go to
the [U] USER info section.  From there use [S] Your STATS.  Now you will see a
small menu like this:

[A] ACCESS xx
[H] HANDLE xxxxxxxxx
[P] PASSWORD xxxxxxxxx

 Choose [A] ACCESS and set their access to whatever you desire.



TERMINAL MODE ESCAPE:

Once you are in terminal mode it is not necessart to reset the computer to get
out.  Simply hit the HOME key.  Remember that while you are in terminal mode
the clock functions stop and you will need to set the date/time upon returning
to the BBS.



PUBLIC MESSAGE BASE:

FRP.BBS does not contain a public fourm for players to hold general
discussions, but one can be simulated.  Simply assign one of the PLAY BOARDS
as a public message base.  First make an ad for the "game" which explaines it
is realy a general fourm.  Next, validate all users as PLAYERS on that play
board.  I'd leave the roster empty or course, and let the game bulletin
explain again the difference between that board and the others.



PRO SYSTEM:

In the near future you will be seeing the FRP.BBS PRO system.  This program
will be simular to the present one, but designed for larger systems.  If you
have large storage devices, such as SFD-1001s are many drives you will be able
to take advantage of them.  Further, this system will handle negative line
controls and probably 1200 bps modems (undecided at this point).
Further, an UP/DOWN loading section will be added.  This will enable large
gamming information to be exchanged easier.  Things such as game rules and
world historys almost require a transfer protocol because of thier size and
importance.
To make room for this extra code and RAM storage, the SYSOP functions in
FRP.BBS will be moved to a utility program.
Watch for it soon!



NEWS LETTER:

Like I've said, I intend to support this program.  The response has been good
and I am now gearing up for a FRP NEWS LETTER.  I invite all people who want
to become part of the FRP.BBS network to send me the following information in
Email or by postal:

 1] Your name and/or club/group
 2] Your address
 3] Any comments on FRP.BBS
 4] Your BBS line #, hours and other information
 5] A small description of how you run your board and how it is doing.

I do not require a donation for registration, but one would certainly be
welcome to help offset the cost of a newsletter.
All people who register will also be the first to get new versions of FRP.BBS
and will also have say-so in the content of any modifications.
The newsletter itself will be sent out once a month.



FRP.BBS BUGS:

I am slowly weeding out the tiny bugs in FRP.BBS.  As of this writing, these
bugs have been corrected:

1] Month not changing
2] Chat mode access validation (below 0 crashing)
3] Raising access via. local logon procedure
4] SUBJ: heading in feedback
5] Crashing due to deleted messages (on occasion)
6] GameMaster not being able to ADD/PULL players from game


Keep letting me know of any bugs you find.  I will fix them and reupload for
you.



FRP.BBS SOURCE CODE:

The source code for FRP.BBS will be avaliable soon.  The size of it leaves
very little room for modification muchless REMarks.  You also cannot run
FRP.BBS without it being compiled first.  Remeber that you need to use the
BLITz! compiler from Skyles.



DEEP PAN SOFTWARE CO:

Address all comments/donations to:

              DEEP PAN SOFTWARE
              #3 Fairway ct.
              Florissant MO  63033



                       GAMING FOREVER!

                        SpLiTiNfInItY


[FILE/END]



I tested these 3 programs by loading a
100 block program and timing each one.
The normal loading time was used for
comparison purposes.
   LOAD MODE    TIME(in sec.)   FACTOR
   ---------    -------------   ------
   NORMAL         65            1
   FAST DATA      14            4.64
   TURBODISK      14            4.64
   MACH 5         14            4.64


The times for the 3 speed-up programs
were literally the same. Which leads me
to believe that they use pretty much the
same method for fast loading.
  * FAST DATA's advantage is that it can
    be freely downloaded.
  * MACH 5's advantage is that it has
    several utilities to go along with
    it. And it seems to work with most
    copy protected software.
  * TURBODISK can be relocated in memory
    and has a fast VERIFY mode.
Last Change/Update:  01 Oct 1995
===================
 
A +++ before an entry indicates that the entry is new, or has
been updated, or has changed, since the last Listing.
 
A --- before an entry indicates that the _prior_ entry
was removed from the list, since the last Listing.
===================
 
This is the list of FTP sites containing software and programs
specific to the Commodore 64 and 128 computers, and one Vic20 site.
 
I will try to keep this list as current and accurate as possible, so
that it can be a useful resource for users of the newsgroup.
 
PLEASE cooperate and send E-mail with any corrections and updates.  If
you uncover a site not listed, tell me so that it can be added.  If a
site has closed or no longer carries CBM software, let me know and it
will be deleted.
 
=====
 
To use this list on a UNIX system, just type 'ftp <sitename>', where
<sitename> is any of the sites listed below.  Use 'anonymous' as
your login, and your E-mail address for the password.  You can change
and list directories with 'cd' and 'dir', respectively, and download
files to your system using 'get'.  Be sure to specify either 'binary'
if you are getting a program, or 'ascii' for a text file before you
begin the download.
=====
 
In addition to the sites listed below, which have CBM software, there
are hundreds of other FTP sites on INet with interesting files covering
most every other topic imaginable.  Take some time to seek out and
explore these other sites and their files too.
 
Enjoy!
======
 
Host: ccnga.uwaterloo.ca
Last updated: 01 Apr 1995
Directory: /pub/cbm
Description: Major site for the latest C64, C65 and C128 software.
 
csbruce@ccnga.uwaterloo.ca (Craig Bruce) maintainer of the site writes:
 
>I have rearranged the files at the new "ccnga.uwaterloo.ca" anonymous FTP
>site for Commodore computers.
 
>The new "/pub/cbm" directory breakdown for this site is as follows:
>
>archivers    : archiving/dearchiving programs for the C128/64
>audio        : audio-related stuff for the C64
 c65          : files related to the C65 computer
>comp.binari* : programs from the "comp.binaries.cbm" newsgroup
>comp.sys.cbm : important information gleaned from the "comp.sys.cbm"
                newsgroup
>demos        : demo programs for the C64
>emulation    : programs for emulating the C64 on various platforms
>games        : games for the C128/64
>graphics     : graphics stuff for the C128/64
>hacking.mag  : issues of C= Hacking net magazine and related programs
>hardware     : text files about hardware projects
>misc         : stuff that doesn't fit into any other directory
>os           : stuff for various alternative operating systems for the
                C128/64
>os/ace       : stuff for the ACE operating system for the C128/64
>os/cpm       : stuff for the CP/M operating system for the C128/64
>os/cs-dos    : stuff for the CS-DOS operating system for the C128
>os/geos      : stuff for the GEOS operating system for the C128/64
>programming  : programming ideas/code/stuff for the C128/64
>telecomm     : telecommunications software for the C128/64
>unix         : related utility C programs and Unix shell scripts
>util128      : utility programs for the C128
>util64       : utility programs for the C64
>vic-20       : VIC-20 programs
>INCOMING     : directory to upload new programs into (use appropriate
                subdir)
 
 
Host: ftp.funet.fi   (128.214.6.100)
Last updated: 05 May 1994
Directory: /pub/cbm
           /pub/cbm/c64/demos/pal
           /pub/misc/c64
           /pub/kermit/c64
           /pub/amiga/audio/misc/sid-tunes
           /pub/cpm
Description: Most files in /pub/cpm run on the C128's CP/M.
 
+++
Host: ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/v/voyager/Novaterm
Last updated: 01 Oct 1995
Directory: /voyager/Novaterm
Description: The official support site for Novaterm 9.5.
Directory: /voyager/Novaterm/Deutsche
Description: A German translation of Novaterm 9.5.
 
voyager@eskimo.com (Nick Rossi), Novaterm's author writes:
 
>This site contains the most recent Novaterm version, archives, the
>individual files, the documentation in both CBM and standard ASCII, and
>any other information, news, new modules, or bug fixes that come along.
 
 
Host: sol.cs.ruu.nl   (131.211.80.17)
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /pub/MIDI/PROGRAMS/C64
           /pub/MIDI/DOC
Description:
 
 
Host: ftp.Uni-Koeln.DE
  or: ftp.rrz.Uni-Koeln.DE   (134.95.100.202)
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /usenet/comp.archives/auto/comp.sys.cbm
Description:
 
 
Host: nexus.yorku.ca   (130.63.9.66)
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /pub/Internet-info
Description: Contains an older version of this listing.
 
 
Host: rigel.acs.oakland.edu   (141.210.10.117)
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /pub2/cpm
Description:  Directories of CP/M programs for the C128.
Directory: /pub2/cpm/c128
Description:  C128-specific CP/M programs.
Directory: /pub2/cpm/c64
Description:  C64 CP/M.
 
 
Host: oak.oakland.edu
Last updated: 01 Apr 1995
Directory: /pub/cpm
           /pub2/cpm
Description: CP/M software, most all of which will run on the C128.
             See C128 and other branching directories for 1,000's of files.
 
 
Host:  src.doc.ic.ac.uk   (146.169.2.1)
Last updated: 01 Apr 1995
Directory: /usenet/comp.archives/auto/comp.sys.cbm
Description: Some files of interest.
 
 
Host:  wuarchive.wustl.edu   (128.252.135.4)
Last updated: 09 Feb 1994
Directory: /systems/amiga/incoming/misc
           /mirrors/cpm/c64
           /mirrors/cpm/c128
Description: CP/M software, most all of which will run on the C128.
             Be sure to check other directory locations too.
 
 
Host: ftp.demon.co.uk
Last update: 01 Apr 1995
Directory: /pub/cpm
Description: CP/M and various system files.
             Also available by email from mail-server@nowster.demon.co.uk
 
+++
Host: ftp.inf.bme.hu
Last updated: 01 Oct 1995
Directory: /pub/cbm/
           /pub/cbm/c64/
           /pub/cbm/coding/
           /pub/cbm/demos/
           /pub/cbm/emulation/
           /pub/cbm/games/
           /pub/cbm/incoming/
           /pub/cbm/musics/
           /pub/cbm/utility/
           /pub/cbm/plus4/
           /pub/cbm/delta.system/
Description: Demoscene-oriented, a lot of demos and related files
 
 
Host: watsun.cc.columbia.edu   (128.59.39.2)
Last updated: 05 May 1994
Directory: /kermit2/old/c64
           /kermit/bin
Description: check /kermit/c for latest
 
 
Host: ftp.cs.columbia.edu
Last updated: 09 Sep 1994
Directory: /archives/mirror1/kermit
Description:  The official Kermit support site containing the latest
              C64 Kermit and support files.  80 columns C64 and C128.
 
 
Host: plaza.aarnet.edu.au   (139.130.4.6)
Last updated: 28 Dec 1993
Directory: /pub/kermit/c
Description: Kermit files.  Be sure to get the complete set of C64/128
             Kermit.
 
 
Host:  flubber.cs.umd.edu   (128.8.128.99)
Last updated: 05 May 1994
Directory: /rec/newballistic
Description:  one file: balistic.c64
 
 
Host: nic.switch.ch   (130.59.1.40)
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /mirror/kermit/bin
Description:
 
 
Host: ftp.gmd.de
Last updated: 03 Jun 1994
Directory: /if-archive/games/c64
Description: Contains a few PD text adventures.
 
 
Host: wilbur.stanford.edu   (36.14.0.36)
Last updated:
Directory: /pub/emulators/c64
Description:
 
 
Host: syrinx.umd.edu   (128.8.2.114)
Last updated: 05 May 1994
Directory: /rush/systems/c64
Description:
 
 
Host: tolsun.oulu.fi   (130.231.96.16)
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /pub/c64
           /incoming/c64
           /pub/amiga/4/c64trans.zoo
           /pub/c64
Description: Uploading to /pub/c64 is disabled because of lack of disk space.
             However, for downloading it is still fully accessible.
             Currently there is no administration for /pub/c64.
             /pub/amiga is active, though.
 
 
Host: x2ftp.oulu.fi   (130.231.48.141)
Last updated: 01 Feb 1995
Directory:  /pub/cbm
Description: This site supports ONLY technical documents, references
             and specifications for CBM 8-bit programming.  (For
             example, memory maps.)  No binaries allowed.
Directory:  /pub/cross
Description: Miscellaneous cross-assemblers.
 
 
Host: ucsd.edu   (128.54.16.1)
Last updated: 01 Apr 1994
Directory: /midi/software/c64
Description: SID and MIDI files.
 
 
Host: cs.dal.ca   (129.173.4.5)
Last updated: 01 Apr 1994
Directory: /comp.archives/c64
           /pub/comp.archives/comp.sys.cbm
Description: C128 files, GIF's, and terminals.
 
 
Host: ftp.hrz.uni-kassel.de
Last updated: 03 Feb 1994
Directory: /pub/machines/vic-20
Description: A Vic-20 ftp site, administered by Andreas Heitmann
             heitmann@crunch.ikp.physik.th-darmstadt.de
 
 
Host: rtfm.mit.edu
Last updated: 24 May 1995
Directory: /pub/usenet-by-group/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq
Description: A place for the latest release of The COMP.SYS.CBM FAQ
 
 
Host: frodo.hiof.no
Last updated: 18 Jul 1995
Directory: /pub/c64
Description:
 
 
Host: bbs.cc.uniud.it
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /pub/c64
Description: New site for general c64 program files.
 
 
Host: ftp.rz.uni-hildesheim.de   (147.172.16.34)
Last updated: 18 Oct 1994
Directory: /pub/c64/
Description: The directory oldcbm.pics contains scanned PET and other 8-bit
             Commodore Machine pictures. (54 at the moment) Each picture is
             about 200Kb in size. All in JPEG format.
 
 
Host: ???   (131.188.190.131)
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /pub/c64/
           /pub c64/POLDI
           /pub/poldi
Description: Up and coming site called "Ophelia" (Ophelia.uni-erlangen.de).
             For file descriptions, do a MORE on Files.txt.
 
 
Host: ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de
Last updated: 15 Mar 1995
Directory: /pub/c64
Description: Site for c64 software.
 
 
Host: pitel_lnx.ibk.fnt.hvu.nl
Last updated: 06 Sep 1995
Directory:
Description: Site for c64 demos.
 
 
Host: ftp.giga.or.at
Last updated: 01 Apr 1995
Directory:
Description: A new site for demos, geos files, and emulators.
 
 
Host: ftp.armory.com
Last updated: 15 Apr 1995
Directory: /pub/user/spectre
Description: A small, and rapidly growing site, with lots of new .lnx
             format games.  Expect new CWI programs too, from Computer
             Workshops, a little SW group.
 
+++
Host: ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/user/spectre/TEXT-ARCHIVE/COMM-FTP-SITES.gz.
Last updated: 01 Oct 1995
Directory:
Description: Latest copy of this Commodore FTP Sites Listing.
============
NOTES:
======
 
The latest version of The Commodore FTP Sites Listing (this list) can
be found in the Usenet newsgroup, comp.sys.cbm, where it is posted
twice monthly, generally at the beginning, and middle of each month.
======
 
For FTP sites where you will find C64 and/or Vic-20 emulators that run
on Amiga, and/or IBMPC, Atari-ST, or Unix/X, please see The CBM Emulation
FAQ maintained by Kevin Gifford (kgifford@netaxs.com) and posted  to the
newsgroup, comp.emulators.cbm.  That FAQ listing can also be found on
ftp.csv.warwick.ac.uk, in directory: /tmp/c64, and other places, as well.
 
================================
Send all info regarding changes/additions/corrections to:
 
72560.3467@CompuServe.COM
 
or:
 
hlh@panix.com
 
(Please do NOT reply to the FROM address)
================================
 
Honorary mention and kudos to the following who have helped to keep
your list current:
==================
RAMIREZ FLORES.................  capac@ceratonia.eui.upv.es
Dimitri Ars....................  dimitri@intermedia.nl
Nick Rossi.....................  voyager@eskimo.com
KEEVY MCALAVY..................  mcalavy@nevada.edu
Cameron Kaiser (Po-Ching Lives!) ckaiser@sdcc13.ucsd.edu
reserved for you...............  and your INet address
 
                             /'^'\
                            ( O O )
------------------------oOOO--(_)--OOOo---------------------------------
|  Howard Herman and Associates                 Voice: (212) 532-1485  |
|   New York, NY                                                       |
|   ___  ___  ___  ___                                                 |
|  / //_/ // / //_/ //                      72560.3467@compuserve.com  |
| / ___  // / ___  //   .oooO                           hlh@panix.com  |
|/_// /_// /_// /_//    (   )    Oooo.    aa349@cleveland.Freenet.Edu  |
------------------------ \ (-----(   )----------------------------------
                          \_)     ) /
                                 (_/
    GABventure System Documentation          Version 3.0   -   Mar 1987

 1. Introduction.
 2. Features.
 3. Future plans.
 4. File conventions.
 5. Prepare to play.
 6. How to play.
 7. How to make a GABventure.
 8. Known bugs.
 9. Feedback.


 Section 1 - Introduction

    GABventure is a text-adventure      system for the C64.  You can play or
write adventures.  BASIC programs are   used but you don't program to write
adventures.  More on that later.

    Written entirely by Gary A. Beck

    THIS SYSTEM IS PUBLIC DOMAIN.


 Section 2 - Features

 1. Command/Abbr
north/n   south/s   east/e    west/w    up/u      down/d    enter     exit
get       drop      open      close     lock      unlock    look/l    examine
quit/q    stop      end       read      inventory/i         score     help
put....into....     get....from....     turn on   turn off  printer   what

 2. Some objects can contain other      objects or GABventurers.
 3. GABventurers can carry objects.
 4. Moving to some locations may requireyou to be inside of a 'vehicle' or have
'equipment' with you.
 5. Full description of 'rooms' is      provided on initial entry or by
'look'ing around.
 6. The game is over when the maximum   score is 'score'ed.
 7. You can play again after 'quit'ing  without reloading the program.
 8. SAVE option when 'quit'ing.
 9. RESTORE option at the start.
10. Output to printer via 'printer' cmd
11. You can 'get/drop/what' a list of   objects: 'get chain tree fish'
12. New versions of GABventure are able to play GABventure games created for
previous versions. (That's half the     reason for the OPT file.)


 Section 3 - Future Plans

    Addition of CHARACTERS to interact  with.  The current version does get
lonely now and then.

    Maintain clock.

 (Your comments could add to this list)


 Section 4 - File Conventions

    GABventure system uses disk files   in addition to the program itself.  You
will need the proper collection of      files to play a game.

    File names will follow this         convention:
    The first three characters are GAB  - in upper case.
    Characters four through six identify either a game or version number.
    Character seven is a period.
    Characters eight through ten are        the file type - in upper case.

    Files used by GABventure:
  NAME     P/S/R/U  Used for...

GABnnn.PLY    P     Playing the game
GABnnn.BLD    P     Make your own
GABnnn.STR    P     Make RELative file  from SEQuential file (or SEQ from REL)
GABnnn.REL    R     These are the rooms or places.  Used to play the game.
                    You build one to    make your own GABventure.
GABnnn.SEQ    S     Tis a SEQuential    version of the RELative file.
                    You can use the STR program to make the REL file from this.
GABnnn.OBJ    S     These are the       OBJects.  Needed to play.  Build one to
                    make your own.
GABnnn.OPT    S     The OPTions for     GABventure nnn.  Used to Play the game.
GABnnn.DOC    S     You are reading it.
GABnnn.SAVxxx S     Saved game position

By the way, P/S/R/U stands for PROGRAM  SEQUENTIAL RELATIVE USER.  These are
file storage types.


 Section 5 - Prepare to Play.

You need four files to play.
GABnnn.PLY is the program.  The other   three files are OPT, REL, OBJ.
The names of these three files must     follow the naming conventions outlined
in section 4. (If not, it won't work.)

So...for GABventure number 007 ya need: GAB007.OPT   GAB007.REL   GAB007.OBJ

Note: UPPERCASE is needed and the files MUST be of the proper storage type.

Check your directory.  Are the needed   files there?  If so go to section 6.

Was only REL missing?  If so -  you can make one if you have the SEQ file.

LOAD & RUN the GABnnn.STR.
It will ask you for the GABventure      number.  Enter the three characters.
The program will first read the options from the OPT file.  Then the SEQ file
is read.  Finally the REL file is made. Creating the REL file is rather slow.
Maybe you could read a good book while  you wait.

You should now have all the files you   need.  If not you need more help than I
can give you here - seek help elsewhere.

 Section 6 - How to Play

    To play you need the PLY, OPT, OBJ  and REL files.  That's all covered in
section 5 above.

    LOAD GABnnn.PLY
    RUN  it.
    This is basic. Do your normal thing.
    You will be asked what drive number the data is on.  Default is 8.
    You will be asked which GABventure  to play.  This is a three character
identifier. (The one that comes after   GAB in the OPT, OBJ and REL file names)
Enter all three characters. You should  be off and running.


 Section 7 - How to make a GABventure

    You need the GABnnn.BLD program for this.
    Using the BLD program you can make  or modify the OPT, OBJ & REL files.
    Positive locations are rooms or     places. Negative locations are objects. Location zero is the GABventurer.
    If object 2 is located inside of    object 5 then its location is -5.
    If object 7 is in room 3 then its   location is 3.
    If the GABventurer has object 10    then its location is 0.
    You can define TRIPs.  A trip is a  range of room numbers which require
certain object number(s) to be held by  the GABventurer.  Set trips up while  
editing the OPT file.
    Beyond that it's self explanatory.
    In the future the program and this  document will be revised based on your
comments.


 Section 8 - Known Bugs & FUNNY Stuff

    I wrote it so it makes sense to me  but you .... might have other ideas.

Details:
  When naming objects in commands, you  match on all characters or ending
characters of the object name.          If more than one match... strangeness.
If an object name is more than one word you should use only one of them in
commands.
  You can exit and re-enter an object   while using it as a vehicle.


 Section 9 - Feedback

    By mail: G. A. Beck
             5419 Summit
             Lyndhurst, OH  44124

    CIS:     73537,3704




                                               GEMAIL DOCUMENTATION FILE


  1)  To set up your data disk you must
      select option (I) from the Main
      Menu.


  2)  Without the main program on the
      data disk, you should be able to
      store about 3300 records
      consisting of name, address and
      zipcode.


  3)  The Delete Records function and
      the Add Records function use
      a batching operation. This allows
      all entries that are to be
      deleted or added to be entered at
      one sitting and then letting
      the program select the right file
      for each record and delete it or
      add it as requested.  The max
      number of records that can be
      deleted at one time is 100.
      The max number of records that
      can be added at one time is 200.
      Any records not added or deleted
      will be dumped to the printer so
      that you can go back and check
      your entries for accuracy.


  4)  The (H) function allows printing
      of user selectable files in
      hardcopy listings or mailing
      label format.  The (F) function
      will allow printing of single
      	cords.


  5)  The (J) Count Records function
      delivers a hardcopy listing
      of the number of records in each
      file and the total number on the
      disk.


  6)  This a simple mailing routine,
      however it does utilize some 
      sophisticated functions


      Any further questions or
      suggestions would be appreciated
      Contact:

      Gene Barlow
      PO BOX 576
      FOREST PARK STATION
      DAYTON OHIO 45405


      Phone: 513-274-9488




                        TATOO
	                 da plane da plane
                  HAYES COMMANDS, S REGISTERS, RS232C PIN-OUTS
        
        
        
         1. AT Commands for the Hayes 1200B and Other Compatible Modems
        
                       Not all commands may work on older Hayes
                        models or on "Hayes-compatible" modems  
        
        
        AT    Attention prefix.  Precedes all command strings except +++ and
              A/
        A/    Repeat previous command line
        +++   Hayes escape code; switches from on-line state to command state.
              Allow 1 second pause before/after escape code entry.  Do not 
              follow with <CR>.
        
        
                                   DIALING COMMANDS
        
        D     Dial
        P     Pulse
        T     Tone
        ,     Pause
        !     Flash
        /     Wait for 1/8 sec.
        @     Wait for silence
        ;     Return to command state after dialing
        
        
        
                                    OTHER COMMANDS
        
         (If a command accepts a numeric prefix, then the command with the
         sub-parameter 0 (zero) is the same as the command with NO numeric
         subparameter.
          For example, ATH0 is the same as ATH, ATM0 is the same as ATM, etc.)
        
        A     Answer call without waiting for ring
        B     CCITT V.22 mode
        B1    Bell 103 & 212A mode
        C     Transmit carrier off
        C1    Carrier on
        E     Characters NOT echoed
        E1    Characters echoed
        F     Half-duplex
        F1    Full-duplex
        H     On hook (hang up)
        H1    Off hook (line and auxiliary relay)
        H2    Off hook (line relay only)
        I     Request product ID code (may be Hayes-specific)
        I1    Test ROM checksum
        I2    Test internal memory
        L0    Low speaker volume
        L1    Low speaker volume






        L2    Medium speaker volume
        L3    High speaker volume
        M     Speaker always off
        M1    Speaker on until carrier detect
        M2    Speaker always on
        O     Go to on-line state
        O1    Remote digital loopback off
        O2    Remote digital loopback request
        Q     Result codes displayed
        Q1    Result codes NOT displayed
        Sr?   Requests current value of modem register 'r'
        Sr=n  Sets modem register 'r' to value 'n'
        V     Show digit result codes
        V1    Show word result codes
        X     Sets baudrate to 300
        X1    Result code CONNECT 1200 enabled
        X2    Enables dial tone detection
        X3    Enables busy signal detection
        X4    Enables dial tone & busy signal detection
        Y     Long space disconnect disabled
        Y1    Long space disconnect disabled
        Z     Software reset; restore default settings
        
        
                                   2. RESULT  CODES
        
        Digit    Word         Description
        -----    ----         --------------------------------------------------
          0      OK ..........Command executed
          1      CONNECT .....Connected at 300 or 1200 bps.  Connected at 300
                              if result of X1, X2, X3 or X4
          2      RING ........Ringing signal detected
          3      NO CARRIER ..Carrier not detected or lost
          4      ERROR .......Illegal cmd, error in cmd line, cmd line exceeds
                              40 chars, invalid char format at 1200 bps, invalid
                              checksum
          5      CONNECT 1200 Connected at 1200 bps.  Results from X1, X2, X3
                              or X4 commands only
          6      NO DIALTONE .Dial tone not detected; subsequent cmds not
                              processed.  Results from X2 or X4 cmds only.
          7      BUSY ........Busy signal detected and subsequent cmds not pro-
                              cessed.  Results from X3 or X4 cmds only.
          8      NO ANSWER ...Silence not detected and subsequent cmds not pro-
                              cessed.  Results from @ cmd only.
        
        
        
                                   3. S  REGISTERS
            Note: almost all have reasonable default values set by ATZ command
        
        Here is a list of the S-registers used by Hayes modem. Please be aware
        that not all modems support these registers and that some modems may
        have more registers than are listed.
        
        ALL S REGISTER COMMANDS ARE ENTERED IN THE AT COMMAND LINE.






        EXAMPLE: AT S8=2 S2=43 S7=30
        TO READ THE VALUE IN ANY REGISTER USE
                 AT SX? <CR>
        THE MODEM SHOULD ECHO THE VALUE FOUND IN THE REGISTER X
        
        
        REG  Values      Register function
        S0   0           AUTO ANSWER OFF
             1-255       AUTO ANSWER ON, ANSWER ON INDICATED # OF RINGS
        S1 **0-255       RING COUNT (THIS IS A READ-ONLY REGISTER)
        S2   0-127       ESCAPE CHARACTER  NORMALLY SET TO 43 OR "+"
             127-255     ESCAPE FUNCTION DISABLED
        S3  0-127        END OF LINE CHARACTER  NORMALLY SET TO 13 (CR)
        S4  0-127        LINE FEED CHARACTER  NORMALLY SET TO 10 (LF)
        S5  0-127        BACKSPACE CHARACTER  NORMALLY SET TO 8 (BS)
        S6  2-255  SEC   PAUSE BEFORE DIALING (NORMALLY 2 SEC)
        S7  1-255  SEC   WAIT FOR CARRIER (NORMALLY SET TO 30 SEC)
        S8  0-255  SEC   PAUSE FOR COMMA IN DIAL STRING (NORMALLY SET TO 2 SEC)
        S9  1-255  .1SEC CARRIER VALIDATION TIME NORMALLY 6 (.6 SEC)
        S10 1-255  .1SEC LOSS OF CARRIER DISCONNECT DELAY NORMALLY 14 (1.4 SEC)
        S11 50-90  .1SEC BETWEEN NUMBER DIAL DELAY.  UNDOCUMENTED.  IMPROVE DIAL
                         SPEED. I LIKE 55. THE DEFAULT IS 90.
        S12 20-255 .02SE ESCAPE SEQUENCE PAUSE  NORMALLY 50 (1.0 SEC)
        S13 *            POWER UP ASYNC DATA FORMAT (USE CHART BELOW)
        S14 *            OPTION STATUS (USE CHART BELOW)
        S16 *            TEST STATUS (USE CHART BELOW)
        S18 0-255 SEC    TEST TIMER (REMOTE TEST)
        S21 *            OPTION STATUS  (USE CHART BELOW)
        S22 *            OPTION STATUS  (USE CHART BELOW)
        S23 *            OPTION STATUS  NORMALLY 07 (USE CHART BELOW)
        S25 0-255 SEC    DTR DETECT DELAY NORMALLY 5 SEC
                         ASYNC MODE, SYIC AUTO-DIAL AND SYIC MANUAL DIAL MODE .05 SEC
        S26 0-255 MS     RTS TO CTS DELAY (1 MS)
        S27 *            OPTION STATUS (USE CHART BELOW)
        
        * REGISTERS USED BY MODEM PROCESSOR. DO NOT ALTER THESE
        ** READ ONLY REGISTERS
        
                      S 13 DATA FORMAT:
        
        POSITION  VALUE  FUNCTION
         BIT 0      -    NOT USED
         BIT 1      -    NOT USED
         BIT 2      0    PARITY OFF
                    1    PARITY ON
         BIT 3      0    ODD PARITY
                    1    EVEN PARITY
         BIT 4      0    7 DATA BITS
                    1    8 DATA BITS
         BIT 5      0    BIT 8=0
                    1    BIT 8=1
         BIT 6      -    NOT USED
         BIT 7      -    NOT USED
        
                     S 14 DATA FORMAT:






         BIT 0      -    NOT USED
         BIT 1      0    LOCAL CHARACTER ECHO OFF
                    1    LOCAL CHARACTER ECHO ON
         BIT 2      0    STATUS DISPLAYS ON
                    1    STATUS DISPLAYS OFF
         BIT 3      0    STATUS CODES SENT
                    1    STATUS MESSAGES SENT
         BIT 4      0    MODEM RESPONDS TO COMMANDS
                    1    MODEM IGNORES COMMANDS
         BIT 5      0    TONE-DIALING
                    1    PULSE-DIALING
         BIT 6      -    NOT USED
         BIT 7      0    ANSWER MODE
                    1    ORIGINATE MODE
        
                      S 16 DATA FORMAT:
         BIT 0      0    ANALOG LOOP OFF
                    1    ANALOG LOOP ACTIVE
         BIT 1      -    NOT USED
         BIT 2      0    DIGITAL LOOP OFF
                    1    DIGITAL LOOP ACTIVE
         BIT 3      0    REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP REQUESTED BY OTHER MODEM IS OFF
                    1    REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP REQUESTED BY OTHER MODEM IS ACTIVE
         BIT 4      0    REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP OFF
                    1    REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP ACTIVE
         BIT 5      0    SELF TEST RDL OFF
                    1    SELF TEST RDL ACTIVE
         BIT 6      0    SELF TEST ANALOG LOOP OFF
                    1    SELF TEST ANALOG LOOP ACTIVE
         BIT 7      -    NOT USED
        
                      S 21 DATA FORMAT:
         BIT 0      0    RJ11/RJ41/45 JACK TYPE
                    1    RJ12/FJ13 JACK TYPE
         BIT 1      -    NOT USED
         BIT 2      0    CTS FOLLOWS RTS
                    1    CTS FORCED ON
         BIT 3&4    0    MODEM IGNORES DTR
                    1    MODEM ASSUMES COMMAND STATE WHEN DTR TURNS OFF
                    2    MODEM ASSUMES COMMAND STATE AND DISABLES AUTO-ANSWER
                         WHEN DTR TURNS OFF
                    3    MODEM RESETS WHEN DTR TURNS OFF
         BIT 5      0    DCD FORCED ON
                    1    DCD FOLLOWS CARRIER
         BIT 6      0    DSR FORCED ON
                    1    DSR BEHAVES NORMALLY
         BIT 7      0    LONG SPACE DISCONNECT DISABLED
                    1    LONG SPACE DISCONNECT ENABLED
        
                      S 22 DATA FORMAT:
         BIT 0&1    1    LOW SPEAKER VOLUME
                    2    MEDIUM SPEAKER VOLUME
                    3    HIGH SPEAKER VOLUME
         BIT 2&3    0    SPEAKER ALWAYS OFF
                    1    SPEAKER ON UNTIL CARRIER DETECTED






                    2    SPEAKER ALWAYS ON
                    3    SPEAKER OFF DURING DIALING THEN ON UNTIL CARRIER DETECTED
         BIT 4&5&6  0    X COMMAND IN EFFECT
                    4    X 1 COMMAND IN EFFECT
                    5    X 2 COMMAND IN EFFECT
                    6    X 3 COMMAND IN EFFECT
                    7    X 4 COMMAND IN EFFECT
         BIT 7      0    39/61 MAKE/BREAK RATIO (PULSE DIALING)
                    1    33/67 MAKE/BREAK RATIO
        
                      S 23 DATA FORMAT:
         BIT 0      0    REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP REQUEST DENIED
                    1    REMOTE DIGITAL LOOP REQUEST GRANTED
         BIT 1&2    0    0-300 BPS
                    1    600 BPS
                    2    1200 BPS
                    3    2400 BPS
         BIT 3      -    NOT USED
         BIT 4&5    0    EVEN PARITY
                    1    PARITY BIT ALWAYS 0
                    2    ODD PARITY
                    3    PARITY BIT ALWAYS 1
         BIT 6&7    0    NO GUARD TONES
                    1    550 HZ GUARD TONE
                    2    1800 HZ GUARD TONE
        
                      S 27 DATA FORMAT:
         BIT 0&1    0    ASYNCHRONOUS MODE
                    1    ASYNC/SYNC MODE
                    2    SYNC AUTO-DIAL
                    3    SYNC MANUAL DIAL
         BIT 2      0    PUBLIC PHONE LINE
                    1    LEASED LINE
         BIT 3      -    NOT USED
         BIT 4&5    0    INTERNAL CLOCK USED
                    1    EXTERNAL CLOCK USED
                    2    SLAVED CLOCK USED
         BIT 6      0    CCITT V.22 PROTOCOL (1200 BPS)
                    1    BELL 212A (1200 BPS)
         BIT 7      -    NOT USED
        
        
                 Specialty Commands
        
        ATB0     CCITT V.22 AT 1200 BPS
        ATB1     BELL 212A AT 1200 BPS *
        AT &F    RESTORE TO FACTORY CONFIGURATION
        AT &G    NO GUARD TONE *
        AT &G1   550 HZ GUARD TONE
        AT &G2   1800 HZ GUARD TONE
        AT &J    RJ11/RJ41S/RJ45 JACK *
        AT &J2   RJ12/RJ13 JACK
        AT &L    REGULAR PHONE LINE *
        AT &L1   LEASED LINE
        AT &M    ASYNC OPERATION *






        AT &M1   ASYNC/SYNC OPERATION
        AT &M2   SYNC AUTO DIAL
        AT &M3   SYNC MANUAL DIAL
        AT &P    39/61 PULSE MAKE/BREAK RATIO *
        AT &P1   33/67 PULSE MAKE/BREAK RATIO
        AT &T4   GRANT RDL TEST REQUEST *
        AT &T5   DENY RDL TEST REQUEST
        AT &W    WRITE CURRENT REGISTERS TO NON-VOL-MEMORY (KEEP FOR POWER UP)
        AT &X    SYNC CLOCK INTERNAL *
        AT &X1   SYNC CLOCK EXTERNAL
        AT &X2   SYNC CLOCK SLAVED
        AT &Z    STORE DIAL COMMAND LINE
        
        DATA INTERFACE (2400)
        AT &C    DCD ALWAYS ON *
        AT &C1   DCD ON WHILE CARRIER PRESENT
        AT &D    DTR IGNORED *
        AT &D1   DTR FAIL DISCONNECT ENABLED (MODEM RETURNS TO COMMAND MODE)
        AT &D2   DTR FAIL DISCONNECT ENABLED (MODEM RETURNS TO COMMAND MODE, TURN
                 AUTO ANSWER OFF)
        AT &D3   DTR FAIL DISCONNECT ENABLED (RESET MODEM)
        
        
        
                             4. RS 232 GENERAL PIN NOTES:
                                   (Compatibility)
        
        Most standard RS232 connector problems are with only several pins:
        (these are not the CBM pin numbers, but the DB25 Pins)
          Pins 2-3 swapped (TD/RD)  (Also a null Modem Configuration)
          Pins 4-5-8 swapped, or tied together (RTS/CTS/DCD)
          Pins 6-20 swapped (DSR/DTR)
          Pins 1-7 tied together (Prot. Gnd/Sig Gnd)
          It should also be noted that most TELECOM failures result from cable
          problems, either intermittent, short or open.  Some manufacturers
          do not solder the wires to the pins, but use crimp connectors.
        
        Pin 1; Protective Ground, to equipment frame.  Further grounding
               may be required, depending upon regulation. (NEEDED)
        
        Pin 2; Transmitted Data.  Generated by data terminal equipment going
               TO transmitting signal converter. (NEEDED)
        
        Pin 3; Received Data. Generated by the receiving signal converter 
               going TO the data terminal equipment. (NEEDED)
        
        Pin 4; Request to Send. Line conditioner.  On half-duplex controls
               the direction of data flow. (NEEDED)
        
        Pin 5; Clear to Send. Generated by the data communication equipment
               to flag if the data is or is not ready to be sent out. (NEEDED)
        
        Pin 6; Data Set Ready. Status of the Local Data Set (to terminal).
        
        Pin 8; Data Carrier Detect. Indicates if the receiving signal






               meets certain parameters. (to terminal)
        
        Pin 9; Plus Test Voltage
        
        Pin 10; Negative Test Voltage
        
        Pin 12; Secondary Line (DCD2)
        
        Pin 13; Secondary Line (CTS2)
        
        Pin 14; Secondary Line (TD2)
        
        Pin 15 & 17; T & R Timing
        
        Pin 16; Secondary Line (RD2)
        
        Pin 19; Secondary Line (RTS2)
        
        Pin 20; Data Terminal Ready (DTR) Controls switching the DCE to the
                communications channel.
        
        Pin 21; Signal Quality Detector. Indicates quality of signal (CCITT
                equiv. 110) (SQ) 
        
        Pin 22; Ring Indicator (CCITT 125, circuit CE)((RI)
        
        Pin 23; Data Signal Rate Selector (for dual baud rate modems)
        
        Pin 24; Transmitter Signal Element Timing (for DTE) 
        
        Pins 11, 18, and 25 are reserved or not used.  Pin 7 is the needed
        Signal Ground, while pin 25 is sometimes used as a busy signal.
        Synchronous Data Transmissions usually use pins 15, 17 and 24 
        (clocks).
        
        A short note about standards:
        RS means Recommended Standard, by the EIA Specs.  Two others 
        'standards' were designated by CCITT using the prefix V and X.  Other
        RS standards are: 269B (synchronous rates); 334 (Signal Quality); 357
        (FAX); 449 (37 Pin connectors) etc. 
         
        This information was compiled from several sources, and should not be
        considered 'Official'. Always consult your modem/interface/computer
        manual for proper usage.





Date: Sat, 17 Aug 96 18:07:50 +0600
From: Pulthar@nietzsche.execpc.com
Subject: Re: GeoBasic

  Here's the more technical info I have on geoBasic.  I've posted it to
comp.sys.cbm as well.

geoBasic Module Definitions:

VLIR #     Constant   Loads @     Description
------     --------   -------     -----------
     0     R_MAIN     $0400       Resident code. Two JMP's @ $0400 then skip
                                  to $07fc to leave room for screen memory.
                                  This module contains all the code that must
                                  always be available.  All the other modules
                                  use the subroutines contained here.


     1     R_FILE     $4ec7       High level disk file stuff (Rename, Open,
                                  etc).


     2     R_DA      *$75d8       Run's DA's.  *Loads inside FG_BUFFER on 64
                                  or SCREEN_BASE on the 128.  This keeps it
                                  from overwriting Basic's code.

     3     R_INIT     $4ec7       geobasic Initialization code. Loaded from
                                  Resident code.

     4     R_LOAD     $7501       Basic Program loader. Loads into FG_BUFFER
                                  (see R_DA).

     5     R_BINT     $4f96       Interpreter (BasRes). This is the module
that
                                  actually runs the user's program.

     6     R_BINT2    $0400


     7     R_FONT     $6f8b       Font Manager (cFont, cSysInfo, and
                                  GetDiskBitmap).

     8     R_DISK     $6f8b       Lower level disk stuff (reading bytes,
etc).

     9     R_PRINT    $6f8b       Printer Routines.

     10    R_MENU     $4ec7       Menu Utility.

     11    R_DBOX     $4ec7       Dialog Box Utility.

     12    R_ICON     $4ec7       Icon Utility.

     13    R_BMAP     $4ec7       Bitmap Utility.

     14    R_SPRT     $4ec7       Sprite Utility.

     15    R_EDIT     $4503       Editor.

     16    R_APPL     $4b00       Make Application (run-time).

     17    R_DEBUG    $47cc       Debugger.

GB Program, Disk Layout

Records 0 to 9 - left empty to leave room for GB code when making run-time.

Record #10 - VLIR table.  Keeps track of what modules hold what line #'s.
 Used
for doing the VLIR splitting.  The table is a single sector and there is one
eight byte entry for each program module.  The entries have the following
format:

     .word ?          ; Highest line number in module.
     .word ?          ; Length_of_module (in bytes)
     .byte ?          ; nesting_level
     .byte ?          ; write_status
     .byte ?          ; modified_status
     .byte NULL       ; terminator

The very first entry is a bit different.  It looks like this:

     .word ???        ; (NULLS)
     .byte x          ; number of entries in the VLIR table (not
                      ; counting this one which is entry #0).
     .byte x          ; number of labels in the label table (minus 1,
                      ; labels are numbered from zero!).  If there
                      ; are no labels then it equals $ff.
     .byte $f0?
     .byte $f6?
     .word ???

Record #11 - Object table.  All of the geos objects are store in this record,
one right after the other.

Record #12 - Label Table.  Here is where the labels (@xxxx and object names)
are stored.  Each label entry is 8 bytes long and has the following format:

     For @ labels:
     .block 6         ; label name padded with NULLs
     .word line_number

     For object labels (i.e. bitmaps, menus, icons, etc.):
     .byte type       ; $80 = Menu
                      ; $81 = DB
                      ; $82 = Icon
                      ; $83 = Sprites
                      ; $84 = Bitmap
     .block 5         ; object name padded with NULLs
     .word address    ; where in memory the object is located.

Record #13 onward - Holds the basic program lines.  Each line has the
following
format:

     .byte            ; length_of_line
     .word            ; line_number
     .block ???       ; now comes the tokenized text


Record #126 backward - Disk loadable bitmaps are stored beginning at record
#126.  Additional bitmaps are added backwards until they meet up with the
program records.  Note that only disk loadable bitmaps are stored here.
Regular bitmaps are stored in the Object Table (record #11).

Getting Registers after a CALL:

After using the CALL command use can get the return values of the registers
by
PEEKing the following memory locations:

A      = $28a (650)
X      = $28b (651)
Y      = $28c (652)
SR     = $28d (653)


POP Command:

The old (V1.0) Pop command had several serious bugs that caused a system
crash.

POP Command:

The old (V1.0) Pop command had several serious bugs that caused a system
crash.
The new version works like this:  executing a POP will remove the current
GOSUB/WHILE/REPEAT stack frame.  In other words it will allow you to 'forget'
that you are in a subroutine or loop (this does not apply to a FOR...NEXT
loop). One thing to keep in mind is that after executing a POP you must not
allow the program to reach the RETURN/LOOP/UNTIL commands.  The best way of
doing this is with a construct like this:

     10 GOSUB DoSomething
     20 END
     30
     50 @DoSomething
     60   <various commands>
     70   IF something = error THEN POP : GOTO @DoError
     80 RETURN
     90
     100 @DoError
     110    .... etc

Of course if you are two levels deep in a subroutine and execute a POP, then
you execute a RETURN the program will return TWO levels back rather then just
one.  Could come in handy at times.

GB Variables - zero page

Name              Address     Size     Description
----              -------     ----     -----------
basCur            $81/129     word     current character in basic memory
basBegin          $83/131     word     pointer to beginning of basic
basicEnd          $85/133     word     pointer to beginning of labels (minus
1
                                       for end of basic)
varBegin          $87/135     word     pointer to the beginning of variables
arrayBegin        $89/137     word     pointer to the beginning of arrays
arrayEnd          $8b/139     word     pointer to the end of arrays
arrayLength       $8d/141     word     length of array/temporary register
strnBegin         $8f/143     word     pointer to the beginning of strings
arrayLength       $8d/141     word     length of array/temporary register
strnBegin         $8f/143     word     pointer to the beginning of strings
zeroShift         $91/145     byte     used by floating point routines
dec_pt            $92/146     byte     used by floating point routines
varPtr            $93/147     word     pointer to value of variable
machine_type      $95/149     byte     0 if c64, $80 if 128
strnStack         $96/150     9 bytes  stack for three temp string
descriptors
strnStkIndx       $9f/159     byte     index into strnStack
prevStrnStkIndx   $a0/160     byte     previous strnStack index
rdIndex           $a1/161     byte     index to reading in strings
gax2              $a2/162     word     (not commented in source code)
curStrn           $a4/164     word     pointer to most current string that
                                       was added or moved.
strnDes           $a6/166     word     pointer to string descriptor
descPtr           $a8/168     word     pointer to string descriptor
                                       for string operations.
geosBegin         $aa/170     word     pointer to the beginning of object
                                       (menus, icons, etc.) data.
memAmnt           $ac/172     word     amount of memory to insert or delete
curKeyBrdPos      $ae/174     word     (not commented in source)
SetForIOTemp      $b0/176     word     (not commented in source)
curLineNum        $b2/178     word     current line number being executed or
                                       $ff in direct mode
VLIRtabl          $b4/180     word     pointer to beginning of VLIR table
xPos              $b6/182     word     X position for PRINT
yPos              $b8/184     byte     Y position for PRINT
opMask            $b9/185     byte     current comparison being performed
                                       >/1, =/2, </4 or any combo of these
comm_Flag         $ba/186     byte     flag for which command is currently
                                       being executed: 0 = none, 1 = RUN,
                                       -1 = LIST - used by the Editor
dataPtr           $bc/188     word     pointer in basic to DATA statements
FP_sgns           $be/190     byte     temp flag for sign of FP number
exp_found         $bf/191     byte     flag for whether exponent was found
fontBegin         $c0/192     word     pointer to beginning of font
lastFontPtr       $c2/194     word     (not commented in source)
curDBPtr          $c4/196     word     pointer to current dialog box data
sprite stuff      $c6/198     36 bytes internal sprite variables
r16               $ea/234     word     more registers
r17               $ec/236     word
r18               $ee/238     word
r19               $f0/240     word
r20               $f2/242     word
r21               $f4/244     word
numDim            $f6/246     byte     number of dimensions in array
grbackground      $f7/247     byte     FG/BG colors of graphics screen
dig_found         $f8/248     byte     flag for whether a digit was found
                                       when converting strings to FP
operand_mask      $f9/249     byte     >/1, =/2, </4
strnFlag          $fa/250     byte     $ff if string expected, else 0


************************************************************************
 Glenn Holmer (ulthar@execpc.com)  Q-Link: ShadowM
 This is a text.  This is only a text.
 If this were a actual emergency you would have recieved a core dump!
************************************************************************o
First look at: geoRAM


    geoRAM from Berkeley Softworks is a memory expansion peripheral for use
with GEOS 64 and 128.  It includes new boot disks for both, which are required
to use this unit, which is not compatible with the CBM 1764/1750 REU units.
This new GEOS release is designated GEOS 2.0r.



What's in the box?


    : Two "flippy" 5-1/4" disks, one primary, one backup.  Each has a GEOS
      64 2.0r boot disk on the front, and a GEOS 128 2.0r boot disk on the
      back.
    : GEOS 2.0r For Use With geoRAM User's Manual, 92 pages, saddle-bound.
    : Product registration card.
      and, of course,
    : geoRAM 512k memory expansion unit.  The unit itself is roughly 3-1/2"
      wide, 1-1/8" high, and 7-1/4" long, including the connector.  It will
      extend about 6" from the back of your computer, a bit more than a 1750.
      A number of electronic components are exposed near the connector, but
      these will all be concealed (and protected) when the unit is installed.


What's on the disks?

    geoRAM requires replacement of the GEOS kernal and Configure files.  The
supplied disks, after installation, are boot disks with these changed files.
The installation process is typical GEOS procedure, but it is especially
important to remember to key your new boot disks to your existing Applications
master disks, so that your existing copy-protected applications can be used
with your new boot disks.  Read the installation section of the User's Guide
carefully.  It contains the best set of GEOS installation instructions BSW has
ever supplied.


Required/recommended hardware/software:

    - Commodore 64 or 128, any model.
    - Compatible monitor.
    - One 5-1/4" drive (1541 or 1571).
    - Blank 5-1/4" floppies.
    - Supported GEOS input device.
    - GEOS 64, 1.2 or later,  or GEOS 128, any version.  Note that this package
      is unlike the GEOS 2.0 upgrade package in that it only replaces your
      boot disks.  It does not include new versions of the applications or desk
      accessories.  It is also unlike the old 1351/1764 GEOS upgrade disks in
      that it provides replacement boot disks, rather than overwriting existing
      ones.
  Additionally, the following is recommended:

    - Additional drives (1541, 1571, or 1581.)
    - GEOS supported printer.


Features:

    From a GEOS user's point of view, the geoRAM is almost identical to the CBM
1750 REU.  It provides 512k of RAM that can be used to emulate the 1541 or 1571
drives, to "shadow" a 1541 (a full-disk cache scheme, similar to that used on
high-price PCs and mainframes,) or to shadow the 1581 directory.  It does not
support the DMA option present with the true REU units, since that requires the
MMU chip present in those units, which is proprietary to Commodore.  This
results in some operations being slower.  This is most noticeable when
scrolling down a geoPaint document, even when geoPaint and the document are on
a RAM disk.
    Like the REU units, geoRAM provides room for fast reboot of GEOS from
BASIC, a home for the Superdebugger feature of geoProgrammer, and, perhaps most
important, permits a program resident on one type of disk to access data files
from a different type, since the "disk driver" portion of the desktop is
automatically, and invisbily, stored there.
    The special GEOS 2.0r boot disks are functionally equivalent to the
respective GEOS 2.0 disks.  No new functions are provided.  The only changes,
in fact, are to the GEOS KERNAL file, and to the CONFIGURE program.


Kudos:

    The User's Manual is attractively designed, and contains explicit, step-by-
step installation instructions for the replacement boot disks.
    geoRAM arrived by UPS Second Day Air.  This UPS option includes Saturday
delivery, which allowed the unit to arrive the weekend before Christmas, rather
than the Tuesday after.  Nice touch!


Concerns:

    Unlike the 1764 REU for 64, no special power supply is provided with the
geoRAM.  Attempting to use a true REU with a stock 64 power supply is an
invitation to disaster, since the additional power requirements of the REU
cannot be met.  According to the User's Manual, geoRAM "is designed using only
High Speed CMOS technology... An external power supply upgrade is unnecessary.
The total average current drain is about 80ma."
    In order to quell my personal doubts about the wisdom of using this unit
with a stock 64 power supply, I conducted a burn-in test, as follows:
    A C64, with standard power supply and 1670 attached (to provide some extra
load,) was left powered up for 24 hours.  Following successful completion of
this test, the computer was powered off, the geoRAM unit was attached, and the
test repeated for a further 48 hours.  There were no problems encountered.
While I'm still concerned about geoRAM pushing marginal power supplies "over
the edge," it appears that most users will have no trouble in this area.  With
it's robust stock power supply, the 128 is quite capable of driving a true REU,
and should have no problems at all with geoRAM.


Problems:

    With one exception, discussed below, no problems were encountered during
testing.  A wide variety of GEOS software performed correctly with geoRAM
installed.  In some cases, there was a noticeable, if small, loss of
performance compared to a 1750 REU installation, but this was expected.
    The one program that did present a problem was Joe Buckley's REU Zap II.
This program copies all files present on a RAM disk to a single Application
file, which can be used at a later date to recreate that RAM disk.  Thus, a
variety of RAM disks, tailored to specific applications, can be created
quickly.  When used with geoRAM, the results are unpredicatable.  It doesn't
crash, but some programs on the recreated RAM disk do crash.  I left a message
on CBMPRG forum letting Joe respond to this.  His reply follows:


#: 21893 S15/GEOS Programming
    31-Dec-89  13:23:14
Sb: #21892-geoRAM vs REU Zap
Fm: Joe Buckley/GEOS SL 71570,2600
To: Ed Flinn 76703,4032

Ed,
        Actually, I'm surprised it got that far.
        I use all of the GEOS REU variables and system calls to get access to
the REU (ramSize, FetchRam, StashRam).  In theory, if they emulated the REU
calls acurately enough, it should work.
        You've already said that the superDebugger runs in the new unit.
        The 'Clear REU' option is designed to 'hang up' due to its method of
clearing.  I assume you mean it acts differently from the way it does on an REU.        Generally...it should work, but without one to beat around, I have no
way to run tests.
                                                            Joe

    With this in mind, I now suspect that some other programs will turn out to
have compatibility problems with the unit.  My testing has not uncovered them.
This document will be updated with further information, when it becomes
available.


Quibbles:

    No program for testing the geoRAM is supplied.  While the lack of native-
mode and CP/M mode support is even more significant, it would be unfair to
blame BSW for these.  A GEOS application to test the integrity of the unit
should have been provided, though.



In conclusion:

    GEORAM is a desirable addition to a GEOS system for those users who are
unable to obtain a 1750 REU.  It provides the same storage, and only slightly
less speed.  It is not compatible with the REU units, and can only be used with
GEOS at this time.  It seems likely that only the most forward-looking
providers of commercial software will support this unit.  If Commodore should
decide to resume production of the 1750 at levels that make it generally
available, this will be assured, since few well-informed users would buy this
in preference to a 1750.  At present, though, it seems unlikely that CBM will
do so.
    With no CP/M or RAMDOS support available for the unit at this time, it is
poor competition for the 1750, but it has one outstanding advantage: it is
available.  My advice: if you can find a 1750, buy it.  If you can't find one,
and want the advantages it brings to GEOS, then buy the geoRAM.  If you're a
CBM or CP/M programming whiz, buy the geoRAM, and design the 64/128 and CP/M
utilities the rest of us are waiting for.




Ed Flinn, CBMART Sysop, 76703,4032
12/31/90
PRGTOGEOS (Chapter 3) Corrections:

PRGTOGEOS utility described in chapter 3 does not work. With the following 
corrections, you should have no problem with it.

On page 48, replace the "psect 400" with:

  .psect $304 ;The fileheader does not actually start at $304; this psect 
  is necessary so that the fileheader occupies the first 252 bytes of the 
  PRG file which your assembler creates.

  The comments below "FileHeader" should read:

  ;The first four bytes of the fileheader will be written to the header 
  block by the PRGTOGEOS basic program during conversion. For your 
  information, the first four bytes will contain: 

  ;     .byte $00,$ff   ;null pointer 
                        ;to next block 
  ;     .byte 3,21      ;icon width and 
                        ;height

  Then these comments follow:

  ;The rest of the header will end up in bytes $04-$ff of the first block 
  of the PRG file. When this file is converted, this first block will 
  become the program's header block, and the header information from $04 to 
  $ff in the block will already be in the correct place.
  
  The rest of the header from P48 follows fro	here, starting with the 
  .byte ($80+63) line and ending with the .byte 0,0,0,0 line. Then replace 
  everything on the page below that line with the following:

  ;the assembler should fill any free space in here with $00's, until the 
  location counter equals $400.

  .psect $400    ;The code following this psect will be written into block 
  2 of the PRG file.
  
  InitCode:
        lda #21    ;here are two sample
        sta r0L    ; lines. Change these.
  
  ;rest of application code goes here

  E	Code:   ;This label is use by the header block to store the ending 
  address of the application code.

  THIS CONCLUDES the changes to page 48. The only other necessary changes 
  are in the PRGTOGEOS basic program.



Now that we have corrected the header block on page 48, we need to change 
  several lines of the PRGTOGEOS basic program which is listed on pages 
  50-52. Replace the following lines with the lines listed below:

  80 input "hour       (ex: 14)";H

  180 T$=HT$:S$=HS$:gosub 1000

  210 f	 I=2 to 68

  310 for I=0 to (32*E)+2

  DELETE LINE 240 (240 get#2,ct$)

  MAKE SURE LINE 3050 READS: 3050 for I=I to 31



P222 Corrections

  The DBGETFILES equate described on P222 in the GEOS REF MAN should have a 
  value of 16, not 15 as it appears in the manual. See P405 for 
  confirmation. 



P412 Corrections

  The Jump address for the print drivers are a little messed up.  Change 
  the addresses as follows:

  GetDimentions  =  PRINTBASE+12   ; $790C address of GetDimentions
  PrintASCII    	  PRINTBASE+15   ; $790F address of PrintASCII entry
  StartASCII     =  PRINTBASE+18   ; $7912 address of StartASCII entry
  SetNLQ         =  PRINTBASE+21   ; $7915 address of SetNLQ entry

  The addresses for spicific sprite picture data has a similar error:

  spr3pic        =  spr2pic        ; $8AC0 addr. of sprite pic. data



P432 Corrections

  DoneWithIO should read $c25f CopyString should read $c265
Tips for Geos 2.0
 
    The following is an excerpt from a letter I wrote to Berkeley Softworks
regarding some errors in the manual for Geos 2.0.  I have also made suggestions
for making your work disks, which the manual doesn't cover very well.
 
    I think the installation procedure is rather complicated, especially for
the first-time user; be sure to follow the instruction to the letter.  I don't
see the necessity of keying Geos to your applications, and nowhere in the
manual did I find an explanation of how I will key future Geos purchases to my
system disk.
 
    I believe there are a few errors in the procedure regarding the making of
back up copies of the master disk.  On page 10, you are instructed to format
six disks and on page 11 suggested names for the disks are given.  Page 13
then instructs the user to copy the master disks using the Disk Copy program
on the System Disk.  Using this program formats the disks a second time and
removes the disk name I selected previously.  The back up copy then has the
same name as the master disk.
 
    There appears to be another discrepancy between pages 11 and 13.  Page 11,
step 6 d	ects you to prepare disks for copying all of the master disks but on
page 13, you are informed that the System and Backup System disk cannot be
copied.
 
    I found the section titled Work Disks to be very weak and lacking in
guidance.  This is where experience is a great teacher, and so, I have set up
my work disks for Geos 2.0 the same as I had for the older version.  In this
section, I noticed there is no mention of the Preference Manager file.  I have
this file on each of my work disks to allow me to	ave different screen colors
for each application, adjustment of the mouse characteristics, and even a
different pointer if I want.
 
    I have my work disks set up in the following manner:
 
 
geoPaint
 
              Desktop
              Preference Manager
              geoPaint
              Photo Manager
              1526
        and 2 fonts
 
 
geoWrite
 
              Desktop
              Preference Manager
              geoWrite
              Text Manager
              Text Grabber
             	aperClip data
              Speedscript data
              1526
              Calculator
              Notepad
        and 2 fonts
 
 
geoSpell
 
              geoSpell
              Dictionary
 
 
geoMerge
 
              Desktop
              Preference Manager
              geoMerge
              geoLaser
              1526
        and 4 LW fonts
 
 
geoDocuments
 
    This disk is used for document storage after they are completed.
 
 
geoFonts
 
    I put copies of all my fonts onto one disk.  I also	ake up a printout
sample of all fonts in the different sizes and styles.
 
 
geoDrivers
 
    This disk contains a copy of all the printer drivers and input drivers for
use with Geos.
 
 
    With this arrangement, I have managed to maintain at least 45K of space
for my document work area.
 
    I am very pleased with some of the new features such as: on-screen date and
time, undo for the waste basket, support of the 1581 and ram expansion unit,
mult-file possibilities with page, bitmap scaling, headers a	 footers,
geoSpell, geoMerge, search and replace, and Paint Drivers.  I don't really
see any need for the Pad Color Manager, and I probably will never use it.
 
by John Olynyk
 
President
 
Port Coquitlam Computer Club
 
 
 
Notes
\
PRG formatted GEOS file V1.06[ C
Epson24pinColore`0 
Z+5
PGeoVidPg7P
\
	BLASTER'S CONVeRTER V2.5G$NOTEPRINT#Y
%Scrap2VidPage%\




Notes       V1.0note pad    V1.0S"S8Tae V1.1geoPaint    V1.1 > _LLN@TL(T












   Notes on GeoVideoPg
There are several known bugs in  this program.  The worst one is the Clock will sometimes cause a crash when it is turned on. But the clock can now be placed on screen and it's font/style changed.      Another is that when Choosing FONT size you must not choose the largest.  The next to largest is the limit. i.e.
California FONT has Sizes 10,12,14,and 18.  You could use any size but 18.  If you want to
use the BSW FONT DO NOT try
to choose it by typing in BSW
It won't-
wowork! Just pick Style and go
on with your page.
  When designing a Video screen
you should not draw, place bitmaps nor place text in the top
15 pixels of the screen (Menu). or the Bottom 40 pixels which are used by the Drawing tools.
If you plan to use-a desk accessory from the geos
menu, save your screen first as
it will not be redrawn and you
will still have the graphic of the
accessory on the screen.  This 
can be used, with some planning,
to import graphics from your
Photomanager. BUT you will 
need to erase the parts you
don't want could take a while.
You can add Text to a screen
loaded from disk.  So you may
want to create some generic
type screens with grahics, i.e.
birthdays, wedding ect. and then
you can quickly add test for the
occasion.Menu off/on feature.  If you 
loaded a screen from disk and
try to turn the menu off the menu bar will turn the color of 
your desktop border unless you
change it. You can do that with
the Wipes menu "Set Color". You
can change the whole screen color-with the Wipes feature.  When the menu is turned off the foreground color and background
color are just set the same for the menu bar. The menu is still
available BUT the foreground and
background colors below the menu bar must be different to read menuThis version is an improvement over the first one but the screens made with verison 1 will not work here unless you use a header editor to change the Header. If there is not a header editor here let me know I'll upload a good one. I'm still working on aslideshow that will display the files created with VideoPage it will only support the files in this and future versions. (sorry).
Still looking for a way to convert Photo Scraps to this file format. (GeoBasic just won't do
Bitmapup). still working on aNew features!  If you downloaded the Scrap2Vid
Desk Accessory you can now
import Photo scraps directly to
GeoVidPg7.(Won't work with many versions cause the screen is cleared after a DA is called.)
It will place a photo scrap upper
left position of 



the screen just below the menu
bar. and 3 cards (24 pixels) 
from the left edge. This will
paste a full screen clipped from
geoPaint 64 pretty well in the 
center of the screen (a little
high ofset to allow the drawing
tools to b used without over-
writing the graphics.  You can
then color and save your new
screen to the GeoVidPage
format and re-LOAD it to use
for a display or recording on 
your VCR.  
The old menu item BitMaps has
been removed. Now you can
call PhotoManager (geos) menuover-
"copy" to Photo Scrap a 
graphic and use the Scrap2VidPg
DA to put the Photo scrap on
the sceen (see above)
with a little planning you can
create cool Full screens to display. You will now have to
Clear Screen (from Screen menu)
after DAs. enjoy#: 23532 S13/GEOS in General
    09-Sep-90  10:42:09
Sb: GEOWIZARD is here!
Fm: Susan Lamb 76106,3662
To: ALL

   The wait is over, GEOWIZARD is now done.  The finished disk includes
geoWizard, MiniDesk (the copy, rename and scratch file DA, 3 drive and multiple
file support) and geoWizDump (screen dumps from geoWizard to Photo Scrap or
geoPaint in full color).
   In case you don't know about geoWizard, it's a little utility that, once
installed, sits in your REU waiting for you to trigger it. Then it takes over
the computer and lets you do a screen dump, run a DA, or run an application. 
When you're done, you are returned to the original program as if nothing
happened.  You can also quit to DeskTop to get out of System Error boxes.  This
effectively turns most any application into a Desk Accessory.  For instance,
pop out of geoWrite for a few seconds and into geoPaint to cut a graphic to
photo scrap, then return to geoWrite where you left off and paste in the
graphic.  You can use geoWizard almost anywhere, even where a Desk Accessory
menu isn't available.  You can make screen dumps with menus down or with dialog
boxes displayed.
 	GeoWizard requires GEOS 2.0 in either 64 or 128 versions and a REU.  You can
use it with any input device.  Full 3-drive support is included as well as
40/80 support with GEOS 128.  Your REU MUST have at least one 64K bank free to
operate geoWizard.  Please make sure you have enough RAM to use geoWizard
before ordering!!  I'll post the instructions for determining if you have
enough on the next message.
   To order the GEOWIZARD disk, send a check or money order for $16.50 to:
Comm-Plex Software 6782 Junc	on Road Pavillon, NY  1452-9755
   NY residents add sales tax.  Please make check/MO payable to Jim Collette,
and specify GEOWIZARD disk.  If you're ordering from this message, include your
CompuServe number so we can get back to you with any information.  If you don't
want to figure out if you have enough RAM, send details of your setup and how
you have it configured when ordering. Note from Susan Lamb: I have been using
geoWizard & MiniDesk for some time as a beta-tester. It has GREATLY enhanced my
use 	 GEOS!!



#: 23534 S13/GEOS in General
    09-Sep-90  11:44:06
Sb: GeoWizard requirements:
Fm: Susan Lamb 76106,3662
To: Susan Lamb 76106,3662 (X)

To see if your setup has enough RAM to run geoWizard, do this: (1)  Divide the
size (in K) of your REU by 64 and then subtract 1.  Common values - 128K=1,
256K=3, 512K=7, 1024K=15, 2048K=31 (2)  Subtract for each RAM or Shadowed disk
you have installed: RAM 1541/Shadowed 1541 - subtract 3.  RAM 1571 - subtract
6.  Shadowed Dir 1581 - subtract 1. (3)  Now, if 	u are left with a number
greater than 0, you can run geoWizard.  If you are left with 0, your REU is
full - not enough room. EXAMPLE:  256K 1764 (3) -RAM 1541 (3) =0 ...not enough
RAM.   512K REU (7) -RAM 1571 (6) =1 ...GeoWizard will work. If you have
Shadowed Dir 1581 with the second example, it would subtract another 1 and not
be enough.  The shadowed Dir 1581 only speeds up disk access a bit and if you
disable it you will make room for geoWizard, which makes better use of the RAM.
   If you're too con	sed, E-Mail your setup and I'll check with JIm.  Yes,
that's Jim Collette of Font Editor 2.5 fame.   --Susan Lamb






    Cover Sheet for the GIF89a Specification


    DEFERRED CLEAR CODE IN LZW COMPRESSION

    There has been confusion about where clear codes can be found in the
    data stream.  As the specification says, they may appear at anytime.  There
    is not a requirement to send a clear code when the string table is full.

    It is the encoder's decision as to when the table should be cleared.  When
    the table is full, the encoder can chose to use the table as is, making no
    changes to it until the encoder chooses to clear it.  The encoder during
    this time sends out codes that are of the maximum Code Size.

    As we can see from the above, when the decoder's table is full, it must
    not change the table until a clear code is received.  The Code Size is that
    of the maximum Code Size.  Processing other than this is done normally.

    Because of a large base of decoders that do not handle the decompression in
    this manner, we ask developers of GIF encoding software to NOT implement
    this feature until at least January 1991 and later if they see that their
    particular market is not ready for it.  This will give developers of GIF
    decoding software time to implement this feature and to get it into the
    hands of their clients before the decoders start "breaking" on the new
    GIF's.  It is not required that encoders change their software to take
    advantage of the deferred clear code, but it is for decoders.

    APPLICATION EXTENSION BLOCK - APPLICATION IDENTIFIER

    There will be a Courtesy Directory file located on CompuServe in the PICS
    forum.  This directory will contain Application Identifiers for Application
    Extension Blocks that have been used by developers of GIF applications.
    This file is intended to help keep developers that wish to create
    Application Extension Blocks from using the same Application Identifiers.
    This is not an official directory; it is for voluntary participation only
    and does not guarantee that someone will not use the same identifier.

    E-Mail can be sent to Larry Wood (forum manager of PICS) indicating the
    request for inclusion in this file with an identifier.









































                        GRAPHICS INTERCHANGE FORMAT(sm)

                                  Version 89a

                            (c)1987,1988,1989,1990

                                   Copyright
                            CompuServe Incorporated
                                Columbus, Ohio






























CompuServe Incorporated                           Graphics Interchange Format
Document Date : 31 July 1990                            Programming Reference










                               Table of Contents

Disclaimer.................................................................  1

Foreword...................................................................  1

Licensing..................................................................  1

About the Document.........................................................  2

General Description........................................................  2

Version Numbers............................................................  2

The Encoder................................................................  3

The Decoder................................................................  3

Compliance.................................................................  3

About Recommendations......................................................  4

About Color Tables.........................................................  4

Blocks, Extensions and Scope...............................................  4

Block Sizes................................................................  5

Using GIF as an embedded protocol..........................................  5

Data Sub-blocks............................................................  5

Block Terminator...........................................................  6

Header.....................................................................  7

Logical Screen Descriptor..................................................  8

Global Color Table......................................................... 10

Image Descriptor........................................................... 11

Local Color Table.......................................................... 13

Table Based Image Data..................................................... 14

Graphic Control Extension.................................................. 15

Comment Extension.......................................................... 17

Plain Text Extension....................................................... 18

Application Extension...................................................... 21

Trailer.................................................................... 23











Quick Reference Table...................................................... 24

GIF Grammar................................................................ 25

Glossary................................................................... 27

Conventions................................................................ 28

Interlaced Images.......................................................... 29

Variable-Length-Code LZW Compression....................................... 30

On-line Capabilities Dialogue.............................................. 33


















































                                                                         1


1. Disclaimer.

The information provided herein is subject to change without notice. In no
event will CompuServe Incorporated be liable for damages, including any loss of
revenue, loss of profits or other incidental or consequential damages arising
out of the use or inability to use the information; CompuServe Incorporated
makes no claim as to the suitability of the information.


2. Foreword.

This document defines the Graphics Interchange Format(sm). The specification
given here defines version 89a, which is an extension of version 87a.

The Graphics Interchange Format(sm) as specified here should be considered
complete; any deviation from it should be considered invalid, including but not
limited to, the use of reserved or undefined fields within control or data
blocks, the inclusion of extraneous data within or between blocks, the use of
methods or algorithms not specifically listed as part of the format, etc. In
general, any and all deviations, extensions or modifications not specified in
this document should be considered to be in violation of the format and should
be avoided.


3. Licensing.

The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the copyright property of CompuServe
Incorporated. Only CompuServe Incorporated is authorized to define, redefine,
enhance, alter, modify or change in any way the definition of the format.

CompuServe Incorporated hereby grants a limited, non-exclusive, royalty-free
license for the use of the Graphics Interchange Format(sm) in computer
software; computer software utilizing GIF(sm) must acknowledge ownership of the
Graphics Interchange Format and its Service Mark by CompuServe Incorporated, in
User and Technical Documentation. Computer software utilizing GIF, which is
distributed or may be distributed without User or Technical Documentation must
display to the screen or printer a message acknowledging ownership of the
Graphics Interchange Format and the Service Mark by CompuServe Incorporated; in
this case, the acknowledgement may be displayed in an opening screen or leading
banner, or a closing screen or trailing banner. A message such as the following
may be used:

      "The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of
      CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of
      CompuServe Incorporated."

For further information, please contact :

      CompuServe Incorporated
      Graphics Technology Department
      5000 Arlington Center Boulevard
      Columbus, Ohio  43220
      U. S. A.

CompuServe Incorporated maintains a mailing list with all those individuals and
organizations who wish to receive copies of this document when it is corrected







                                                                         2


or revised. This service is offered free of charge; please provide us with your
mailing address.


4. About the Document.

This document describes in detail the definition of the Graphics Interchange
Format.  This document is intended as a programming reference; it is
recommended that the entire document be read carefully before programming,
because of the interdependence of the various parts. There is an individual
section for each of the Format blocks. Within each section, the sub-section
labeled Required Version refers to the version number that an encoder will have
to use if the corresponding block is used in the Data Stream. Within each
section, a diagram describes the individual fields in the block; the diagrams
are drawn vertically; top bytes in the diagram appear first in the Data Stream.
Bits within a byte are drawn most significant on the left end.  Multi-byte
numeric fields are ordered Least Significant Byte first. Numeric constants are
represented as Hexadecimal numbers, preceded by "0x".  Bit fields within a byte
are described in order from most significant bits to least significant bits.


5. General Description.

The Graphics Interchange Format(sm) defines a protocol intended for the on-line
transmission and interchange of raster graphic data in a way that is
independent of the hardware used in their creation or display.

The Graphics Interchange Format is defined in terms of blocks and sub-blocks
which contain relevant parameters and data used in the reproduction of a
graphic. A GIF Data Stream is a sequence of protocol blocks and sub-blocks
representing a collection of graphics. In general, the graphics in a Data
Stream are assumed to be related to some degree, and to share some control
information; it is recommended that encoders attempt to group together related
graphics in order to minimize hardware changes during processing and to
minimize control information overhead. For the same reason, unrelated graphics
or graphics which require resetting hardware parameters should be encoded
separately to the extent possible.

A Data Stream may originate locally, as when read from a file, or it may
originate remotely, as when transmitted over a data communications line. The
Format is defined with the assumption that an error-free Transport Level
Protocol is used for communications; the Format makes no provisions for
error-detection and error-correction.

The GIF Data Stream must be interpreted in context, that is, the application
program must rely on information external to the Data Stream to invoke the
decoder process.


6. Version Numbers.

The version number in the Header of a Data Stream is intended to identify the
minimum set of capabilities required of a decoder in order to fully process the
Data Stream.  An encoder should use the earliest possible version number that
includes all the blocks used in the Data Stream. Within each block section in
this document, there is an entry labeled Required Version which specifies the







                                                                         3


earliest version number that includes the corresponding block.  The encoder
should make every attempt to use the earliest version number covering all the
blocks in the Data Stream; the unnecessary use of later version numbers will
hinder processing by some decoders.


7. The Encoder.

The Encoder is the program used to create a GIF Data Stream. From raster data
and other information, the encoder produces the necessary control and data
blocks needed for reproducing the original graphics.

The encoder has the following primary responsibilities.

            - Include in the Data Stream all the necessary information to
            reproduce  the graphics.

            - Insure that a Data Stream is labeled with the earliest possible
            Version Number that will cover the definition of all the blocks in
            it; this is to ensure that the largest number of decoders can
            process the Data Stream.

            - Ensure encoding of the graphics in such a way that the decoding
            process is optimized. Avoid redundant information as much as
            possible.

            - To the extent possible, avoid grouping graphics which might
            require resetting hardware parameters during the decoding process.

            - Set to zero (off) each of the bits of each and every field
            designated as reserved. Note that some fields in the Logical Screen
            Descriptor and the Image Descriptor were reserved under Version
            87a, but are used under version 89a.


8. The Decoder.

The Decoder is the program used to process a GIF Data Stream. It processes the
Data Stream sequentially, parsing the various blocks and sub-blocks, using the
control information to set hardware and process parameters and interpreting the
data to render the graphics.

The decoder has the following primary responsibilities.

            - Process each graphic in the Data Stream in sequence, without
            delays other than those specified in the control information.

            - Set its hardware parameters to fit, as closely as possible, the
            control information contained in the Data Stream.


9. Compliance.

An encoder or a decoder is said to comply with a given version of the Graphics
Interchange Format if and only if it fully conforms with and correctly
implements the definition of the standard associated with that version.  An







                                                                         4


encoder or a decoder may be compliant with a given version number and not
compliant with some subsequent version.


10. About Recommendations.

Each block section in this document contains an entry labeled Recommendation;
this section lists a set of recommendations intended to guide and organize the
use of the particular blocks. Such recommendations are geared towards making
the functions of encoders and decoders more efficient, as well as making
optimal use of the communications bandwidth.  It is advised that these
recommendations be followed.


11. About Color Tables.

The GIF format utilizes color tables to render raster-based graphics. A color
table can have one of two different scopes: global or local. A Global Color
Table is used by all those graphics in the Data Stream which do not have a
Local Color Table associated with them. The scope of the Global Color Table is
the entire Data Stream. A Local Color Table is always associated with the
graphic that immediately follows it; the scope of a Local Color Table is
limited to that single graphic. A Local Color Table supersedes a Global Color
Table, that is, if a Data Stream contains a Global Color Table, and an image
has a Local Color Table associated with it, the decoder must save the Global
Color Table, use the Local Color Table to render the image, and then restore
the Global Color Table. Both types of color tables are optional, making it
possible for a Data Stream to contain numerous graphics without a color table
at all. For this reason, it is recommended that the decoder save the last
Global Color Table used until another Global Color Table is encountered. In
this way, a Data Stream which does not contain either a Global Color Table or
a Local Color Table may be processed using the last Global Color Table saved.
If a Global Color Table from a previous Stream is used, that table becomes the
Global Color Table of the present Stream. This is intended to reduce the
overhead incurred by color tables. In particular, it is recommended that an
encoder use only one Global Color Table if all the images in related Data
Streams can be rendered with the same table.  If no color table is available at
all, the decoder is free to use a system color table or a table of its own. In
that case, the decoder may use a color table with as many colors as its
hardware is able to support; it is recommended that such a table have black and
white as its first two entries, so that monochrome images can be rendered
adequately.

The Definition of the GIF Format allows for a Data Stream to contain only the
Header, the Logical Screen Descriptor, a Global Color Table and the GIF
Trailer. Such a Data Stream would be used to load a decoder with a Global Color
Table, in preparation for subsequent Data Streams without a color table at all.


12. Blocks, Extensions and Scope.

Blocks can be classified into three groups : Control, Graphic-Rendering and
Special Purpose.  Control blocks, such as the Header, the Logical Screen
Descriptor, the Graphic Control Extension and the Trailer, contain information
used to control the process of the Data Stream or information  used in setting
hardware parameters.  Graphic-Rendering blocks such as the Image Descriptor and







                                                                         5


the Plain Text Extension contain information and data used to render a graphic
on the display device. Special Purpose blocks such as the Comment Extension and
the Application Extension are neither used to control the process of the Data
Stream nor do they contain information or data used to render a graphic on the
display device. With the exception of the Logical Screen Descriptor and the
Global Color Table, whose scope is the entire Data Stream, all other Control
blocks have a limited scope, restricted to the Graphic-Rendering block that
follows them.  Special Purpose blocks do not delimit the scope of any Control
blocks; Special Purpose blocks are transparent to the decoding process.
Graphic-Rendering blocks and extensions are used as scope delimiters for
Control blocks and extensions. The labels used to identify labeled blocks fall
into three ranges : 0x00-0x7F (0-127) are the Graphic Rendering blocks,
excluding the Trailer (0x3B); 0x80-0xF9 (128-249) are the Control blocks;
0xFA-0xFF (250-255) are the Special Purpose blocks. These ranges are defined so
that decoders can handle block scope by appropriately identifying block labels,
even when the block itself cannot be processed.


13. Block Sizes.

The Block Size field in a block, counts the number of bytes remaining in the
block, not counting the Block Size field itself, and not counting the Block
Terminator, if one is to follow.  Blocks other than Data Blocks are intended to
be of fixed length; the Block Size field is provided in order to facilitate
skipping them, not to allow their size to change in the future.  Data blocks
and sub-blocks are of variable length to accommodate the amount of data.


14. Using GIF as an embedded protocol.

As an embedded protocol, GIF may be part of larger application protocols,
within which GIF is used to render graphics.  In such a case, the application
protocol could define a block within which the GIF Data Stream would be
contained. The application program would then invoke a GIF decoder upon
encountering a block of type GIF.  This approach is recommended in favor of
using Application Extensions, which become overhead for all other applications
that do not process them. Because a GIF Data Stream must be processed in
context, the application must rely on some means of identifying the GIF Data
Stream outside of the Stream itself.


15. Data Sub-blocks.

      a. Description. Data Sub-blocks are units containing data. They do not
      have a label, these blocks are processed in the context of control
      blocks, wherever data blocks are specified in the format. The first byte
      of the Data sub-block indicates the number of data bytes to follow. A
      data sub-block may contain from 0 to 255 data bytes. The size of the
      block does not account for the size byte itself, therefore, the empty
      sub-block is one whose size field contains 0x00.

      b. Required Version.  87a.











                                                                         6


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |
     +-             -+
  2  |               |
     +-             -+
  3  |               |
     +-             -+
     |               |       Data Values                   Byte
     +-             -+
 up  |               |
     +-   . . . .   -+
 to  |               |
     +-             -+
     |               |
     +-             -+
255  |               |
     +---------------+

            i) Block Size - Number of bytes in the Data Sub-block; the size
            must be within 0 and 255 bytes, inclusive.

            ii) Data Values - Any 8-bit value. There must be exactly as many
            Data Values as specified by the Block Size field.

      d. Extensions and Scope. This type of block always occurs as part of a
      larger unit. It does not have a scope of itself.

      e. Recommendation. None.


16. Block Terminator.

      a. Description. This zero-length Data Sub-block is used to terminate a
      sequence of Data Sub-blocks. It contains a single byte in the position of
      the Block Size field and does not contain data.

      b. Required Version.  87a.

      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+

            i) Block Size - Number of bytes in the Data Sub-block; this field
            contains the fixed value 0x00.

            ii) Data Values - This block does not contain any data.









                                                                         7


      d. Extensions and Scope. This block terminates the immediately preceding
      sequence of Data Sub-blocks. This block cannot be modified by any
      extension.

      e. Recommendation. None.


17. Header.

      a. Description. The Header identifies the GIF Data Stream in context. The
      Signature field marks the beginning of the Data Stream, and the Version
      field identifies the set of capabilities required of a decoder to fully
      process the Data Stream.  This block is REQUIRED; exactly one Header must
      be present per Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  Not applicable. This block is not subject to a
      version number. This block must appear at the beginning of every Data
      Stream.

      c. Syntax.


      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
   0 |               |       Signature                     3 Bytes
     +-             -+
   1 |               |
     +-             -+
   2 |               |
     +---------------+
   3 |               |       Version                       3 Bytes
     +-             -+
   4 |               |
     +-             -+
   5 |               |
     +---------------+

            i) Signature - Identifies the GIF Data Stream. This field contains
            the fixed value 'GIF'.

            ii) Version - Version number used to format the data stream.
            Identifies the minimum set of capabilities necessary to a decoder
            to fully process the contents of the Data Stream.

            Version Numbers as of 10 July 1990 :       "87a" - May 1987
                                                       "89a" - July 1989

            Version numbers are ordered numerically increasing on the first two
            digits starting with 87 (87,88,...,99,00,...,85,86) and
            alphabetically increasing on the third character (a,...,z).

            iii) Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the entire
            Data Stream. This block cannot be modified by any extension.










                                                                         8


      d. Recommendations.

            i) Signature - This field identifies the beginning of the GIF Data
            Stream; it is not intended to provide a unique signature for the
            identification of the data. It is recommended that the GIF Data
            Stream be identified externally by the application. (Refer to
            Appendix G for on-line identification of the GIF Data Stream.)

            ii) Version - ENCODER : An encoder should use the earliest possible
            version number that defines all the blocks used in the Data Stream.
            When two or more Data Streams are combined, the latest of the
            individual version numbers should be used for the resulting Data
            Stream. DECODER : A decoder should attempt to process the data
            stream to the best of its ability; if it encounters a version
            number which it is not capable of processing fully, it should
            nevertheless, attempt to process the data stream to the best of its
            ability, perhaps after warning the user that the data may be
            incomplete.


18. Logical Screen Descriptor.

      a. Description.  The Logical Screen Descriptor contains the parameters
      necessary to define the area of the display device within which the
      images will be rendered.  The coordinates in this block are given with
      respect to the top-left corner of the virtual screen; they do not
      necessarily refer to absolute coordinates on the display device.  This
      implies that they could refer to window coordinates in a window-based
      environment or printer coordinates when a printer is used.

      This block is REQUIRED; exactly one Logical Screen Descriptor must be
      present per Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  Not applicable. This block is not subject to a
      version number. This block must appear immediately after the Header.

      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Logical Screen Width          Unsigned
     +-             -+
  1  |               |
     +---------------+
  2  |               |       Logical Screen Height         Unsigned
     +-             -+
  3  |               |
     +---------------+
  4  | |     | |     |       <Packed Fields>               See below
     +---------------+
  5  |               |       Background Color Index        Byte
     +---------------+
  6  |               |       Pixel Aspect Ratio            Byte
     +---------------+









                                                                         9


     <Packed Fields>  =      Global Color Table Flag       1 Bit
                             Color Resolution              3 Bits
                             Sort Flag                     1 Bit
                             Size of Global Color Table    3 Bits

            i) Logical Screen Width - Width, in pixels, of the Logical Screen
            where the images will be rendered in the displaying device.

            ii) Logical Screen Height - Height, in pixels, of the Logical
            Screen where the images will be rendered in the displaying device.

            iii) Global Color Table Flag - Flag indicating the presence of a
            Global Color Table; if the flag is set, the Global Color Table will
            immediately follow the Logical Screen Descriptor. This flag also
            selects the interpretation of the Background Color Index; if the
            flag is set, the value of the Background Color Index field should
            be used as the table index of the background color. (This field is
            the most significant bit of the byte.)

            Values :    0 -   No Global Color Table follows, the Background
                              Color Index field is meaningless.
                        1 -   A Global Color Table will immediately follow, the
                              Background Color Index field is meaningful.

            iv) Color Resolution - Number of bits per primary color available
            to the original image, minus 1. This value represents the size of
            the entire palette from which the colors in the graphic were
            selected, not the number of colors actually used in the graphic.
            For example, if the value in this field is 3, then the palette of
            the original image had 4 bits per primary color available to create
            the image.  This value should be set to indicate the richness of
            the original palette, even if not every color from the whole
            palette is available on the source machine.

            v) Sort Flag - Indicates whether the Global Color Table is sorted.
            If the flag is set, the Global Color Table is sorted, in order of
            decreasing importance. Typically, the order would be decreasing
            frequency, with most frequent color first. This assists a decoder,
            with fewer available colors, in choosing the best subset of colors;
            the decoder may use an initial segment of the table to render the
            graphic.

            Values :    0 -   Not ordered.
                        1 -   Ordered by decreasing importance, most
                              important color first.

            vi) Size of Global Color Table - If the Global Color Table Flag is
            set to 1, the value in this field is used to calculate the number
            of bytes contained in the Global Color Table. To determine that
            actual size of the color table, raise 2 to [the value of the field
            + 1].  Even if there is no Global Color Table specified, set this
            field according to the above formula so that decoders can choose
            the best graphics mode to display the stream in.  (This field is
            made up of the 3 least significant bits of the byte.)

            vii) Background Color Index - Index into the Global Color Table for







                                                                        10


            the Background Color. The Background Color is the color used for
            those pixels on the screen that are not covered by an image. If the
            Global Color Table Flag is set to (zero), this field should be zero
            and should be ignored.

            viii) Pixel Aspect Ratio - Factor used to compute an approximation
            of the aspect ratio of the pixel in the original image.  If the
            value of the field is not 0, this approximation of the aspect ratio
            is computed based on the formula:

            Aspect Ratio = (Pixel Aspect Ratio + 15) / 64

            The Pixel Aspect Ratio is defined to be the quotient of the pixel's
            width over its height.  The value range in this field allows
            specification of the widest pixel of 4:1 to the tallest pixel of
            1:4 in increments of 1/64th.

            Values :        0 -   No aspect ratio information is given.
                       1..255 -   Value used in the computation.

      d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the entire Data
      Stream. This block cannot be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendations. None.


19. Global Color Table.

      a. Description. This block contains a color table, which is a sequence of
      bytes representing red-green-blue color triplets. The Global Color Table
      is used by images without a Local Color Table and by Plain Text
      Extensions. Its presence is marked by the Global Color Table Flag being
      set to 1 in the Logical Screen Descriptor; if present, it immediately
      follows the Logical Screen Descriptor and contains a number of bytes
      equal to
                    3 x 2^(Size of Global Color Table+1).

      This block is OPTIONAL; at most one Global Color Table may be present
      per Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  87a






















                                                                        11


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +===============+
  0  |               |       Red 0                         Byte
     +-             -+
  1  |               |       Green 0                       Byte
     +-             -+
  2  |               |       Blue 0                        Byte
     +-             -+
  3  |               |       Red 1                         Byte
     +-             -+
     |               |       Green 1                       Byte
     +-             -+
 up  |               |
     +-   . . . .   -+       ...
 to  |               |
     +-             -+
     |               |       Green 255                     Byte
     +-             -+
767  |               |       Blue 255                      Byte
     +===============+


      d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the entire Data
      Stream. This block cannot be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendation. None.


20. Image Descriptor.

      a. Description. Each image in the Data Stream is composed of an Image
      Descriptor, an optional Local Color Table, and the image data.  Each
      image must fit within the boundaries of the Logical Screen, as defined
      in the Logical Screen Descriptor.

      The Image Descriptor contains the parameters necessary to process a table
      based image. The coordinates given in this block refer to coordinates
      within the Logical Screen, and are given in pixels. This block is a
      Graphic-Rendering Block, optionally preceded by one or more Control
      blocks such as the Graphic Control Extension, and may be optionally
      followed by a Local Color Table; the Image Descriptor is always followed
      by the image data.

      This block is REQUIRED for an image.  Exactly one Image Descriptor must
      be present per image in the Data Stream.  An unlimited number of images
      may be present per Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  87a.













                                                                        12


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Image Separator               Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Image Left Position           Unsigned
     +-             -+
  2  |               |
     +---------------+
  3  |               |       Image Top Position            Unsigned
     +-             -+
  4  |               |
     +---------------+
  5  |               |       Image Width                   Unsigned
     +-             -+
  6  |               |
     +---------------+
  7  |               |       Image Height                  Unsigned
     +-             -+
  8  |               |
     +---------------+
  9  | | | |   |     |       <Packed Fields>               See below
     +---------------+

     <Packed Fields>  =      Local Color Table Flag        1 Bit
                             Interlace Flag                1 Bit
                             Sort Flag                     1 Bit
                             Reserved                      2 Bits
                             Size of Local Color Table     3 Bits

           i) Image Separator - Identifies the beginning of an Image
           Descriptor. This field contains the fixed value 0x2C.

           ii) Image Left Position - Column number, in pixels, of the left edge
           of the image, with respect to the left edge of the Logical Screen.
           Leftmost column of the Logical Screen is 0.

           iii) Image Top Position - Row number, in pixels, of the top edge of
           the image with respect to the top edge of the Logical Screen. Top
           row of the Logical Screen is 0.

           iv) Image Width - Width of the image in pixels.

           v) Image Height - Height of the image in pixels.

           vi) Local Color Table Flag - Indicates the presence of a Local Color
           Table immediately following this Image Descriptor. (This field is
           the most significant bit of the byte.)


           Values :    0 -   Local Color Table is not present. Use
                             Global Color Table if available.
                       1 -   Local Color Table present, and to follow
                             immediately after this Image Descriptor.








                                                                        13


           vii) Interlace Flag - Indicates if the image is interlaced. An image
           is interlaced in a four-pass interlace pattern; see Appendix E for
           details.

           Values :    0 - Image is not interlaced.
                       1 - Image is interlaced.

            viii) Sort Flag - Indicates whether the Local Color Table is
            sorted.  If the flag is set, the Local Color Table is sorted, in
            order of decreasing importance. Typically, the order would be
            decreasing frequency, with most frequent color first. This assists
            a decoder, with fewer available colors, in choosing the best subset
            of colors; the decoder may use an initial segment of the table to
            render the graphic.

            Values :    0 -   Not ordered.
                        1 -   Ordered by decreasing importance, most
                              important color first.

            ix) Size of Local Color Table - If the Local Color Table Flag is
            set to 1, the value in this field is used to calculate the number
            of bytes contained in the Local Color Table. To determine that
            actual size of the color table, raise 2 to the value of the field
            + 1. This value should be 0 if there is no Local Color Table
            specified. (This field is made up of the 3 least significant bits
            of the byte.)

     d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the Table-based Image
     Data Block that follows it. This block may be modified by the Graphic
     Control Extension.

     e. Recommendation. None.


21. Local Color Table.

     a. Description. This block contains a color table, which is a sequence of
     bytes representing red-green-blue color triplets. The Local Color Table
     is used by the image that immediately follows. Its presence is marked by
     the Local Color Table Flag being set to 1 in the Image Descriptor; if
     present, the Local Color Table immediately follows the Image Descriptor
     and contains a number of bytes equal to
                          3x2^(Size of Local Color Table+1).
     If present, this color table temporarily becomes the active color table
     and the following image should be processed using it. This block is
     OPTIONAL; at most one Local Color Table may be present per Image
     Descriptor and its scope is the single image associated with the Image
     Descriptor that precedes it.

     b. Required Version.  87a.













                                                                        14


     c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +===============+
  0  |               |       Red 0                         Byte
     +-             -+
  1  |               |       Green 0                       Byte
     +-             -+
  2  |               |       Blue 0                        Byte
     +-             -+
  3  |               |       Red 1                         Byte
     +-             -+
     |               |       Green 1                       Byte
     +-             -+
 up  |               |
     +-   . . . .   -+       ...
 to  |               |
     +-             -+
     |               |       Green 255                     Byte
     +-             -+
767  |               |       Blue 255                      Byte
     +===============+


     d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the Table-based Image
     Data Block that immediately follows it. This block cannot be modified by
     any extension.

     e. Recommendations. None.


22. Table Based Image Data.

     a. Description. The image data for a table based image consists of a
     sequence of sub-blocks, of size at most 255 bytes each, containing an
     index into the active color table, for each pixel in the image.  Pixel
     indices are in order of left to right and from top to bottom.  Each index
     must be within the range of the size of the active color table, starting
     at 0. The sequence of indices is encoded using the LZW Algorithm with
     variable-length code, as described in Appendix F

     b. Required Version.  87a.

     c. Syntax. The image data format is as follows:

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
     |               |       LZW Minimum Code Size         Byte
     +---------------+

     +===============+
     |               |
     /               /       Image Data                    Data Sub-blocks
     |               |
     +===============+








                                                                        15


            i) LZW Minimum Code Size.  This byte determines the initial number
            of bits used for LZW codes in the image data, as described in
            Appendix F.

     d. Extensions and Scope. This block has no scope, it contains raster
     data. Extensions intended to modify a Table-based image must appear
     before the corresponding Image Descriptor.

     e. Recommendations. None.


23. Graphic Control Extension.

      a. Description. The Graphic Control Extension contains parameters used
      when processing a graphic rendering block. The scope of this extension is
      the first graphic rendering block to follow. The extension contains only
      one data sub-block.

      This block is OPTIONAL; at most one Graphic Control Extension may precede
      a graphic rendering block. This is the only limit to the number of
      Graphic Control Extensions that may be contained in a Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  89a.

      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Extension Introducer          Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Graphic Control Label         Byte
     +---------------+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |     |     | | |       <Packed Fields>               See below
     +---------------+
  2  |               |       Delay Time                    Unsigned
     +-             -+
  3  |               |
     +---------------+
  4  |               |       Transparent Color Index       Byte
     +---------------+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Terminator              Byte
     +---------------+


      <Packed Fields>  =     Reserved                      3 Bits
                             Disposal Method               3 Bits
                             User Input Flag               1 Bit
                             Transparent Color Flag        1 Bit

            i) Extension Introducer - Identifies the beginning of an extension







                                                                        16


            block. This field contains the fixed value 0x21.

            ii) Graphic Control Label - Identifies the current block as a
            Graphic Control Extension. This field contains the fixed value
            0xF9.

            iii) Block Size - Number of bytes in the block, after the Block
            Size field and up to but not including the Block Terminator.  This
            field contains the fixed value 4.

            iv) Disposal Method - Indicates the way in which the graphic is to
            be treated after being displayed.

            Values :    0 -   No disposal specified. The decoder is
                              not required to take any action.
                        1 -   Do not dispose. The graphic is to be left
                              in place.
                        2 -   Restore to background color. The area used by the
                              graphic must be restored to the background color.
                        3 -   Restore to previous. The decoder is required to
                              restore the area overwritten by the graphic with
                              what was there prior to rendering the graphic.
                     4-7 -    To be defined.

            v) User Input Flag - Indicates whether or not user input is
            expected before continuing. If the flag is set, processing will
            continue when user input is entered. The nature of the User input
            is determined by the application (Carriage Return, Mouse Button
            Click, etc.).

            Values :    0 -   User input is not expected.
                        1 -   User input is expected.

            When a Delay Time is used and the User Input Flag is set,
            processing will continue when user input is received or when the
            delay time expires, whichever occurs first.

            vi) Transparency Flag - Indicates whether a transparency index is
            given in the Transparent Index field. (This field is the least
            significant bit of the byte.)

            Values :    0 -   Transparent Index is not given.
                        1 -   Transparent Index is given.

            vii) Delay Time - If not 0, this field specifies the number of
            hundredths (1/100) of a second to wait before continuing with the
            processing of the Data Stream. The clock starts ticking immediately
            after the graphic is rendered. This field may be used in
            conjunction with the User Input Flag field.

            viii) Transparency Index - The Transparency Index is such that when
            encountered, the corresponding pixel of the display device is not
            modified and processing goes on to the next pixel. The index is
            present if and only if the Transparency Flag is set to 1.

            ix) Block Terminator - This zero-length data block marks the end of







                                                                        17

            the Graphic Control Extension.

      d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this Extension is the graphic
      rendering block that follows it; it is possible for other extensions to
      be present between this block and its target. This block can modify the
      Image Descriptor Block and the Plain Text Extension.

      e. Recommendations.

            i) Disposal Method - The mode Restore To Previous is intended to be
            used in small sections of the graphic; the use of this mode imposes
            severe demands on the decoder to store the section of the graphic
            that needs to be saved. For this reason, this mode should be used
            sparingly.  This mode is not intended to save an entire graphic or
            large areas of a graphic; when this is the case, the encoder should
            make every attempt to make the sections of the graphic to be
            restored be separate graphics in the data stream. In the case where
            a decoder is not capable of saving an area of a graphic marked as
            Restore To Previous, it is recommended that a decoder restore to
            the background color.

            ii) User Input Flag - When the flag is set, indicating that user
            input is expected, the decoder may sound the bell (0x07) to alert
            the user that input is being expected.  In the absence of a
            specified Delay Time, the decoder should wait for user input
            indefinitely.  It is recommended that the encoder not set the User
            Input Flag without a Delay Time specified.


24. Comment Extension.

      a. Description. The Comment Extension contains textual information which
      is not part of the actual graphics in the GIF Data Stream. It is suitable
      for including comments about the graphics, credits, descriptions or any
      other type of non-control and non-graphic data.  The Comment Extension
      may be ignored by the decoder, or it may be saved for later processing;
      under no circumstances should a Comment Extension disrupt or interfere
      with the processing of the Data Stream.

      This block is OPTIONAL; any number of them may appear in the Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  89a.






















                                                                        18


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Extension Introducer          Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Comment Label                 Byte
     +---------------+

     +===============+
     |               |
  N  |               |       Comment Data                  Data Sub-blocks
     |               |
     +===============+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Terminator              Byte
     +---------------+

            i) Extension Introducer - Identifies the beginning of an extension
            block. This field contains the fixed value 0x21.

            ii) Comment Label - Identifies the block as a Comment Extension.
            This field contains the fixed value 0xFE.

            iii) Comment Data - Sequence of sub-blocks, each of size at most
            255 bytes and at least 1 byte, with the size in a byte preceding
            the data.  The end of the sequence is marked by the Block
            Terminator.

            iv) Block Terminator - This zero-length data block marks the end of
            the Comment Extension.

      d. Extensions and Scope. This block does not have scope. This block
      cannot be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendations.

            i) Data - This block is intended for humans.  It should contain
            text using the 7-bit ASCII character set. This block should
            not be used to store control information for custom processing.

            ii) Position - This block may appear at any point in the Data
            Stream at which a block can begin; however, it is recommended that
            Comment Extensions do not interfere with Control or Data blocks;
            they should be located at the beginning or at the end of the Data
            Stream to the extent possible.


25. Plain Text Extension.

      a. Description. The Plain Text Extension contains textual data and the
      parameters necessary to render that data as a graphic, in a simple form.
      The textual data will be encoded with the 7-bit printable ASCII
      characters.  Text data are rendered using a grid of character cells








                                                                        19


      defined by the parameters in the block fields. Each character is rendered
      in an individual cell. The textual data in this block is to be rendered
      as mono-spaced characters, one character per cell, with a best fitting
      font and size. For further information, see the section on
      Recommendations below. The data characters are taken sequentially from
      the data portion of the block and rendered within a cell, starting with
      the upper left cell in the grid and proceeding from left to right and
      from top to bottom. Text data is rendered until the end of data is
      reached or the character grid is filled.  The Character Grid contains an
      integral number of cells; in the case that the cell dimensions do not
      allow for an integral number, fractional cells must be discarded; an
      encoder must be careful to specify the grid dimensions accurately so that
      this does not happen. This block requires a Global Color Table to be
      available; the colors used by this block reference the Global Color Table
      in the Stream if there is one, or the Global Color Table from a previous
      Stream, if one was saved. This block is a graphic rendering block,
      therefore it may be modified by a Graphic Control Extension.  This block
      is OPTIONAL; any number of them may appear in the Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  89a.











































                                                                        20


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Extension Introducer          Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Plain Text Label              Byte
     +---------------+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Text Grid Left Position       Unsigned
     +-             -+
  2  |               |
     +---------------+
  3  |               |       Text Grid Top Position        Unsigned
     +-             -+
  4  |               |
     +---------------+
  5  |               |       Text Grid Width               Unsigned
     +-             -+
  6  |               |
     +---------------+
  7  |               |       Text Grid Height              Unsigned
     +-             -+
  8  |               |
     +---------------+
  9  |               |       Character Cell Width          Byte
     +---------------+
 10  |               |       Character Cell Height         Byte
     +---------------+
 11  |               |       Text Foreground Color Index   Byte
     +---------------+
 12  |               |       Text Background Color Index   Byte
     +---------------+

     +===============+
     |               |
  N  |               |       Plain Text Data               Data Sub-blocks
     |               |
     +===============+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Terminator              Byte
     +---------------+

            i) Extension Introducer - Identifies the beginning of an extension
            block. This field contains the fixed value 0x21.

            ii) Plain Text Label - Identifies the current block as a Plain Text
            Extension. This field contains the fixed value 0x01.

            iii) Block Size - Number of bytes in the extension, after the Block
            Size field and up to but not including the beginning of the data
            portion. This field contains the fixed value 12.







                                                                        21


            iv) Text Grid Left Position - Column number, in pixels, of the left
            edge of the text grid, with respect to the left edge of the Logical
            Screen.

            v) Text Grid Top Position - Row number, in pixels, of the top edge
            of the text grid, with respect to the top edge of the Logical
            Screen.

            vi) Image Grid Width - Width of the text grid in pixels.

            vii) Image Grid Height - Height of the text grid in pixels.

            viii) Character Cell Width - Width, in pixels, of each cell in the
            grid.

            ix) Character Cell Height - Height, in pixels, of each cell in the
            grid.

            x) Text Foreground Color Index - Index into the Global Color Table
            to be used to render the text foreground.

            xi) Text Background Color Index - Index into the Global Color Table
            to be used to render the text background.

            xii) Plain Text Data - Sequence of sub-blocks, each of size at most
            255 bytes and at least 1 byte, with the size in a byte preceding
            the data.  The end of the sequence is marked by the Block
            Terminator.

            xiii) Block Terminator - This zero-length data block marks the end
            of the Plain Text Data Blocks.

      d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the Plain Text Data
      Block contained in it. This block may be modified by the Graphic Control
      Extension.

      e. Recommendations. The data in the Plain Text Extension is assumed to be
      preformatted. The selection of font and size is left to the discretion of
      the decoder.  If characters less than 0x20 or greater than 0xf7 are
      encountered, it is recommended that the decoder display a Space character
      (0x20). The encoder should use grid and cell dimensions such that an
      integral number of cells fit in the grid both horizontally as well as
      vertically.  For broadest compatibility, character cell dimensions should
      be around 8x8 or 8x16 (width x height); consider an image for unusual
      sized text.


26. Application Extension.

      a. Description. The Application Extension contains application-specific
      information; it conforms with the extension block syntax, as described
      below, and its block label is 0xFF.

      b. Required Version.  89a.









                                                                        22


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Extension Introducer          Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Extension Label               Byte
     +---------------+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |
     +-             -+
  2  |               |
     +-             -+
  3  |               |       Application Identifier        8 Bytes
     +-             -+
  4  |               |
     +-             -+
  5  |               |
     +-             -+
  6  |               |
     +-             -+
  7  |               |
     +-             -+
  8  |               |
     +---------------+
  9  |               |
     +-             -+
 10  |               |       Appl. Authentication Code     3 Bytes
     +-             -+
 11  |               |
     +---------------+

     +===============+
     |               |
     |               |       Application Data              Data Sub-blocks
     |               |
     |               |
     +===============+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Terminator              Byte
     +---------------+

            i) Extension Introducer - Defines this block as an extension. This
            field contains the fixed value 0x21.

            ii) Application Extension Label - Identifies the block as an
            Application Extension. This field contains the fixed value 0xFF.

            iii) Block Size - Number of bytes in this extension block,
            following the Block Size field, up to but not including the
            beginning of the Application Data. This field contains the fixed
            value 11.







                                                                        23


            iv) Application Identifier - Sequence of eight printable ASCII
            characters used to identify the application owning the Application
            Extension.

            v) Application Authentication Code - Sequence of three bytes used
            to authenticate the Application Identifier. An Application program
            may use an algorithm to compute a binary code that uniquely
            identifies it as the application owning the Application Extension.


      d. Extensions and Scope. This block does not have scope. This block
      cannot be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendation. None.


27. Trailer.

      a. Description. This block is a single-field block indicating the end of
      the GIF Data Stream.  It contains the fixed value 0x3B.

      b. Required Version.  87a.

      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       GIF Trailer                   Byte
     +---------------+

      d. Extensions and Scope. This block does not have scope, it terminates
      the GIF Data Stream. This block may not be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendations. None.





























                                                                        24


Appendix
A. Quick Reference Table.

Block Name                  Required   Label       Ext.   Vers.
Application Extension       Opt. (*)   0xFF (255)  yes    89a
Comment Extension           Opt. (*)   0xFE (254)  yes    89a
Global Color Table          Opt. (1)   none        no     87a
Graphic Control Extension   Opt. (*)   0xF9 (249)  yes    89a
Header                      Req. (1)   none        no     N/A
Image Descriptor            Opt. (*)   0x2C (044)  no     87a (89a)
Local Color Table           Opt. (*)   none        no     87a
Logical Screen Descriptor   Req. (1)   none        no     87a (89a)
Plain Text Extension        Opt. (*)   0x01 (001)  yes    89a
Trailer                     Req. (1)   0x3B (059)  no     87a

Unlabeled Blocks
Header                      Req. (1)   none        no     N/A
Logical Screen Descriptor   Req. (1)   none        no     87a (89a)
Global Color Table          Opt. (1)   none        no     87a
Local Color Table           Opt. (*)   none        no     87a

Graphic-Rendering Blocks
Plain Text Extension        Opt. (*)   0x01 (001)  yes    89a
Image Descriptor            Opt. (*)   0x2C (044)  no     87a (89a)

Control Blocks
Graphic Control Extension   Opt. (*)   0xF9 (249)  yes    89a

Special Purpose Blocks
Trailer                     Req. (1)   0x3B (059)  no     87a
Comment Extension           Opt. (*)   0xFE (254)  yes    89a
Application Extension       Opt. (*)   0xFF (255)  yes    89a

legend:           (1)   if present, at most one occurrence
                  (*)   zero or more occurrences
                  (+)   one or more occurrences

Notes : The Header is not subject to Version Numbers.
(89a) The Logical Screen Descriptor and the Image Descriptor retained their
syntax from version 87a to version 89a, but some fields reserved under version
87a are used under version 89a.






















                                                                        25


Appendix
B. GIF Grammar.

A Grammar is a form of notation to represent the sequence in which certain
objects form larger objects.  A grammar is also used to represent the number of
objects that can occur at a given position.  The grammar given here represents
the sequence of blocks that form the GIF Data Stream. A grammar is given by
listing its rules.  Each rule consists of the left-hand side, followed by some
form of equals sign, followed by the right-hand side.  In a rule, the
right-hand side describes how the left-hand side is defined. The right-hand
side consists of a sequence of entities, with the possible presence of special
symbols. The following legend defines the symbols used in this grammar for GIF.

Legend:           <>    grammar word
                  ::=   defines symbol
                  *     zero or more occurrences
                  +     one or more occurrences
                  |     alternate element
                  []    optional element

Example:

<GIF Data Stream> ::= Header <Logical Screen> <Data>* Trailer

This rule defines the entity <GIF Data Stream> as follows. It must begin with a
Header. The Header is followed by an entity called Logical Screen, which is
defined below by another rule. The Logical Screen is followed by the entity
Data, which is also defined below by another rule. Finally, the entity Data is
followed by the Trailer.  Since there is no rule defining the Header or the
Trailer, this means that these blocks are defined in the document.  The entity
Data has a special symbol (*) following it which means that, at this position,
the entity Data may be repeated any number of times, including 0 times. For
further reading on this subject, refer to a standard text on Programming
Languages.


The Grammar.

<GIF Data Stream> ::=     Header <Logical Screen> <Data>* Trailer

<Logical Screen> ::=      Logical Screen Descriptor [Global Color Table]

<Data> ::=                <Graphic Block>  |
                          <Special-Purpose Block>

<Graphic Block> ::=       [Graphic Control Extension] <Graphic-Rendering Block>

<Graphic-Rendering Block> ::=  <Table-Based Image>  |
                               Plain Text Extension

<Table-Based Image> ::=   Image Descriptor [Local Color Table] Image Data

<Special-Purpose Block> ::=    Application Extension  |
                               Comment Extension









                                                                        26


NOTE : The grammar indicates that it is possible for a GIF Data Stream to
contain the Header, the Logical Screen Descriptor, a Global Color Table and the
GIF Trailer. This special case is used to load a GIF decoder with a Global
Color Table, in preparation for subsequent Data Streams without color tables at
all.


























































                                                                        27


Appendix
C. Glossary.

Active Color Table - Color table used to render the next graphic. If the next
graphic is an image which has a Local Color Table associated with it, the
active color table becomes the Local Color Table associated with that image.
If the next graphic is an image without a Local Color Table, or a Plain Text
Extension, the active color table is the Global Color Table associated with the
Data Stream, if there is one; if there is no Global Color Table in the Data
Stream, the active color table is a color table saved from a previous Data
Stream, or one supplied by the decoder.

Block - Collection of bytes forming a protocol unit. In general, the term
includes labeled and unlabeled blocks, as well as Extensions.

Data Stream - The GIF Data Stream is composed of blocks and sub-blocks
representing images and graphics, together with control information to render
them on a display device. All control and data blocks in the Data Stream must
follow the Header and must precede the Trailer.

Decoder - A program capable of processing a GIF Data Stream to render the
images and graphics contained in it.

Encoder - A program capable of capturing and formatting image and graphic
raster data, following the definitions of the Graphics Interchange Format.

Extension - A protocol block labeled by the Extension Introducer 0x21.

Extension Introducer - Label (0x21) defining an Extension.

Graphic - Data which can be rendered on the screen by virtue of some algorithm.
The term graphic is more general than the term image; in addition to images,
the term graphic also includes data such as text, which is rendered using
character bit-maps.

Image - Data representing a picture or a drawing; an image is represented by an
array of pixels called the raster of the image.

Raster - Array of pixel values representing an image.
























                                                                        28


Appendix
D. Conventions.

Animation - The Graphics Interchange Format is not intended as a platform for
animation, even though it can be done in a limited way.

Byte Ordering - Unless otherwise stated, multi-byte numeric fields are ordered
with the Least Significant Byte first.

Color Indices - Color indices always refer to the active color table, either
the Global Color Table or the Local Color Table.

Color Order - Unless otherwise stated, all triple-component RGB color values
are specified in Red-Green-Blue order.

Color Tables - Both color tables, the Global and the Local, are optional; if
present, the Global Color Table is to be used with every image in the Data
Stream for which a Local Color Table is not given; if present, a Local Color
Table overrides the Global Color Table.  However, if neither color table is
present, the application program is free to use an arbitrary color table. If
the graphics in several Data Streams are related and all use the same color
table, an encoder could place the color table as the Global Color Table in the
first Data Stream and leave subsequent Data Streams without a Global Color
Table or any Local Color Tables; in this way, the overhead for the table is
eliminated.  It is recommended that the decoder save the previous Global Color
Table to be used with the Data Stream that follows, in case it does not contain
either a Global Color Table or any Local Color Tables. In general, this allows
the application program to use past color tables, significantly reducing
transmission overhead.

Extension Blocks - Extensions are defined using the Extension Introducer code
to mark the beginning of the block, followed by a block label, identifying the
type of extension.  Extension Codes are numbers in the range from 0x00 to 0xFF,
inclusive. Special purpose extensions are transparent to the decoder and may be
omitted when transmitting the Data Stream on-line. The GIF capabilities
dialogue makes the provision for the receiver to request the transmission of
all blocks; the default state in this regard is no transmission of Special
purpose blocks.

Reserved Fields - All Reserved Fields are expected to have each bit set to zero
(off).






















                                                                        29


Appendix
E. Interlaced Images.

The rows of an Interlaced images are arranged in the following order:

      Group 1 : Every 8th. row, starting with row 0.              (Pass 1)
      Group 2 : Every 8th. row, starting with row 4.              (Pass 2)
      Group 3 : Every 4th. row, starting with row 2.              (Pass 3)
      Group 4 : Every 2nd. row, starting with row 1.              (Pass 4)

The Following example illustrates how the rows of an interlaced image are
ordered.

      Row Number                                        Interlace Pass

 0    -----------------------------------------       1
 1    -----------------------------------------                         4
 2    -----------------------------------------                   3
 3    -----------------------------------------                         4
 4    -----------------------------------------             2
 5    -----------------------------------------                         4
 6    -----------------------------------------                   3
 7    -----------------------------------------                         4
 8    -----------------------------------------       1
 9    -----------------------------------------                         4
 10   -----------------------------------------                   3
 11   -----------------------------------------                         4
 12   -----------------------------------------             2
 13   -----------------------------------------                         4
 14   -----------------------------------------                   3
 15   -----------------------------------------                         4
 16   -----------------------------------------       1
 17   -----------------------------------------                         4
 18   -----------------------------------------                   3
 19   -----------------------------------------                         4




























                                                                        30


Appendix
F. Variable-Length-Code LZW Compression.

The Variable-Length-Code LZW Compression is a variation of the Lempel-Ziv
Compression algorithm in which variable-length codes are used to replace
patterns detected in the original data. The algorithm uses a code or
translation table constructed from the patterns encountered in the original
data; each new pattern is entered into the table and its index is used to
replace it in the compressed stream.

The compressor takes the data from the input stream and builds a code or
translation table with the patterns as it encounters them; each new pattern is
entered into the code table and its index is added to the output stream; when a
pattern is encountered which had been detected since the last code table
refresh, its index from the code table is put on the output stream, thus
achieving the data compression.  The expander takes input from the compressed
data stream and builds the code or translation table from it; as the compressed
data stream is processed, codes are used to index into the code table and the
corresponding data is put on the decompressed output stream, thus achieving
data decompression.  The details of the algorithm are explained below.  The
Variable-Length-Code aspect of the algorithm is based on an initial code size
(LZW-initial code size), which specifies the initial number of bits used for
the compression codes.  When the number of patterns detected by the compressor
in the input stream exceeds the number of patterns encodable with the current
number of bits, the number of bits per LZW code is increased by one.

The Raster Data stream that represents the actual output image can be
represented as:

         7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
        +---------------+
        | LZW code size |
        +---------------+

        +---------------+ ----+
        |  block size   |     |
        +---------------+     |
        |               |     +-- Repeated as many
        |  data bytes   |     |   times as necessary.
        |               |     |
        +---------------+ ----+

        . . .       . . . ------- The code that terminates the LZW
                                  compressed data must appear before
                                  Block Terminator.
        +---------------+
        |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|  Block Terminator
        +---------------+

The conversion of the image from a series of pixel values to a transmitted or
stored character stream involves several steps. In brief these steps are:

1. Establish the Code Size - Define the number of bits needed to represent the
actual data.

2. Compress the Data - Compress the series of image pixels to a series of







                                                                        31


compression codes.

3. Build a Series of Bytes - Take the set of compression codes and convert to a
string of 8-bit bytes.

4. Package the Bytes - Package sets of bytes into blocks preceded by character
counts and output.

ESTABLISH CODE SIZE

The first byte of the Compressed Data stream is a value indicating the minimum
number of bits required to represent the set of actual pixel values. Normally
this will be the same as the number of color bits. Because of some algorithmic
constraints however, black & white images which have one color bit must be
indicated as having a code size of 2.
This code size value also implies that the compression codes must start out one
bit longer.

COMPRESSION

The LZW algorithm converts a series of data values into a series of codes which
may be raw values or a code designating a series of values. Using text
characters as an analogy, the output code consists of a character or a code
representing a string of characters.

The LZW algorithm used in GIF matches algorithmically with the standard LZW
algorithm with the following differences:

1.  A special Clear code is defined which resets all compression/decompression
parameters and tables to a start-up state. The value of this code is 2**<code
size>. For example if the code size indicated was 4 (image was 4 bits/pixel)
the Clear code value would be 16 (10000 binary). The Clear code can appear at
any point in the image data stream and therefore requires the LZW algorithm to
process succeeding codes as if a new data stream was starting. Encoders should
output a Clear code as the first code of each image data stream.

2. An End of Information code is defined that explicitly indicates the end of
the image data stream. LZW processing terminates when this code is encountered.
It must be the last code output by the encoder for an image. The value of this
code is <Clear code>+1.

3. The first available compression code value is <Clear code>+2.

4. The output codes are of variable length, starting at <code size>+1 bits per
code, up to 12 bits per code. This defines a maximum code value of 4095
(0xFFF). Whenever the LZW code value would exceed the current code length, the
code length is increased by one. The packing/unpacking of these codes must then
be altered to reflect the new code length.

BUILD 8-BIT BYTES

Because the LZW compression used for GIF creates a series of variable length
codes, of between 3 and 12 bits each, these codes must be reformed into a
series of 8-bit bytes that will be the characters actually stored or
transmitted. This provides additional compression of the image. The codes are
formed into a stream of bits as if they were packed right to left and then







                                                                        32


picked off 8 bits at a time to be output.

Assuming a character array of 8 bits per character and using 5 bit codes to be
packed, an example layout would be similar to:


     +---------------+
  0  |               |    bbbaaaaa
     +---------------+
  1  |               |    dcccccbb
     +---------------+
  2  |               |    eeeedddd
     +---------------+
  3  |               |    ggfffffe
     +---------------+
  4  |               |    hhhhhggg
     +---------------+
           . . .
     +---------------+
  N  |               |
     +---------------+


Note that the physical packing arrangement will change as the number of bits
per compression code change but the concept remains the same.

PACKAGE THE BYTES

Once the bytes have been created, they are grouped into blocks for output by
preceding each block of 0 to 255 bytes with a character count byte. A block
with a zero byte count terminates the Raster Data stream for a given image.
These blocks are what are actually output for the GIF image. This block format
has the side effect of allowing a decoding program the ability to read past the
actual image data if necessary by reading block counts and then skipping over
the data.



FURTHER READING

[1] Ziv, J. and Lempel, A. : "A Universal Algorithm for Sequential Data
Compression", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1977.
[2] Welch, T. : "A Technique for High-Performance Data Compression", Computer,
June 1984.
[3] Nelson, M.R. : "LZW Data Compression", Dr. Dobb's Journal, October 1989.


















                                                                        33


Appendix
G. On-line Capabilities Dialogue.

NOTE : This section is currently (10 July 1990) under revision; the information
provided here should be used as general guidelines. Code written based on this
information should be designed in a flexible way to accommodate any changes
resulting from the revisions.

The following sequences are defined for use in mediating control between a GIF
sender and GIF receiver over an interactive communications line. These
sequences do not apply to applications that involve downloading of static GIF
files and are not considered part of a GIF file.

GIF CAPABILITIES ENQUIRY

The GIF Capabilities Enquiry sequence is issued from a host and requests an
interactive GIF decoder to return a response message that defines the graphics
parameters for the decoder. This involves returning information about available
screen sizes, number of bits/color supported and the amount of color detail
supported. The escape sequence for the GIF Capabilities Enquiry is defined as:

ESC[>0g           0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x30 0x67

GIF CAPABILITIES RESPONSE

The GIF Capabilities Response message is returned by an interactive GIF decoder
and defines the decoder's display capabilities for all graphics modes that are
supported by the software. Note that this can also include graphics printers as
well as a monitor screen. The general format of this message is:

#version;protocol{;dev, width, height, color-bits, color-res}...<CR>


'#'            GIF Capabilities Response identifier character.
version        GIF format version number;  initially '87a'.
protocol='0'   No end-to-end protocol supported by decoder Transfer as direct
               8-bit data stream.
protocol='1'   Can use CIS B+ error correction protocol to transfer GIF data
               interactively from the host directly to the display.
dev = '0'      Screen parameter set follows.
dev = '1'      Printer parameter set follows.
width          Maximum supported display width in pixels.
height         Maximum supported display height in pixels.
color-bits     Number of bits per pixel supported. The number of supported
               colors is therefore 2**color-bits.
color-res      Number of bits per color component supported in the hardware
               color palette. If color-res is '0' then no hardware palette
               table is available.

Note that all values in the GIF Capabilities Response are returned as ASCII
decimal numbers and the message is terminated by a Carriage Return character.

The following GIF Capabilities Response message describes three standard IBM PC
Enhanced Graphics Adapter configurations with no printer; the GIF data stream









                                                                        34


can be processed within an error correcting protocol:

#87a;1;0,320,200,4,0;0,640,200,2,2;0,640,350,4,2<CR>

ENTER GIF GRAPHICS MODE

Two sequences are currently defined to invoke an interactive GIF decoder into
action. The only difference between them is that different output media are
selected. These sequences are:

ESC[>1g     Display GIF image on screen

                  0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x31 0x67

ESC[>2g   Display image directly to an attached graphics printer. The image may
optionally be displayed on the screen as well.

                  0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x32 0x67

Note that the 'g' character terminating each sequence is in lowercase.

INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENT

The assumed environment for the transmission of GIF image data from an
interactive application is a full 8-bit data stream from host to micro.  All
256 character codes must be transferrable. The establishing of an 8-bit data
path for communications will normally be taken care of by the host application
programs. It is however up to the receiving communications programs supporting
GIF to be able to receive and pass on all 256 8-bit codes to the GIF decoder
software.





    Cover Sheet for the GIF89a Specification


    DEFERRED CLEAR CODE IN LZW COMPRESSION

    There has been confusion about where clear codes can be found in the
    data stream.  As the specification says, they may appear at anytime.  There
    is not a requirement to send a clear code when the string table is full.

    It is the encoder's decision as to when the table should be cleared.  When
    the table is full, the encoder can chose to use the table as is, making no
    changes to it until the encoder chooses to clear it.  The encoder during
    this time sends out codes that are of the maximum Code Size.

    As we can see from the above, when the decoder's table is full, it must
    not change the table until a clear code is received.  The Code Size is that
    of the maximum Code Size.  Processing other than this is done normally.

    Because of a large base of decoders that do not handle the decompression in
    this manner, we ask developers of GIF encoding software to NOT implement
    this feature until at least January 1991 and later if they see that their
    particular market is not ready for it.  This will give developers of GIF
    decoding software time to implement this feature and to get it into the
    hands of their clients before the decoders start "breaking" on the new
    GIF's.  It is not required that encoders change their software to take
    advantage of the deferred clear code, but it is for decoders.

    APPLICATION EXTENSION BLOCK - APPLICATION IDENTIFIER

    There will be a Courtesy Directory file located on CompuServe in the PICS
    forum.  This directory will contain Application Identifiers for Application
    Extension Blocks that have been used by developers of GIF applications.
    This file is intended to help keep developers that wish to create
    Application Extension Blocks from using the same Application Identifiers.
    This is not an official directory; it is for voluntary participation only
    and does not guarantee that someone will not use the same identifier.

    E-Mail can be sent to Larry Wood (forum manager of PICS) indicating the
    request for inclusion in this file with an identifier.






































                        GRAPHICS INTERCHANGE FORMAT(sm)

                            Version 89a (modified)

                            (c)1987,1988,1989,1990

                                   Copyright
                            CompuServe Incorporated
                                Columbus, Ohio






























CompuServe Incorporated                           Graphics Interchange Format
Document Date : 9 January, 1995                         Programming Reference









                               Table of Contents

Disclaimer.................................................................  1

Foreword...................................................................  1

Licensing..................................................................  1

About the Document.........................................................  2

General Description........................................................  2

Version Numbers............................................................  2

The Encoder................................................................  3

The Decoder................................................................  3

Compliance.................................................................  3

About Recommendations......................................................  4

About Color Tables.........................................................  4

Blocks, Extensions and Scope...............................................  4

Block Sizes................................................................  5

Using GIF as an embedded protocol..........................................  5

Data Sub-blocks............................................................  5

Block Terminator...........................................................  6

Header.....................................................................  7

Logical Screen Descriptor..................................................  8

Global Color Table......................................................... 10

Image Descriptor........................................................... 11

Local Color Table.......................................................... 13

Table Based Image Data..................................................... 14

Graphic Control Extension.................................................. 15

Comment Extension.......................................................... 17

Plain Text Extension....................................................... 18

Application Extension...................................................... 21

Trailer.................................................................... 23










Quick Reference Table...................................................... 24

GIF Grammar................................................................ 25

Glossary................................................................... 27

Conventions................................................................ 28

Interlaced Images.......................................................... 29

Variable-Length-Code LZW Compression....................................... 30

On-line Capabilities Dialogue.............................................. 33

















































                                                                         1


1. Disclaimer.

The information provided herein is subject to change without notice. In no
event will CompuServe Incorporated be liable for damages, including any loss of
revenue, loss of profits or other incidental or consequential damages arising
out of the use or inability to use the information; CompuServe Incorporated
makes no claim as to the suitability of the information.


2. Foreword.

This document defines the Graphics Interchange Format(sm). The specification
given here defines version 89a, which is an extension of version 87a.

The Graphics Interchange Format(sm) as specified here should be considered
complete; any deviation from it should be considered invalid, including but not
limited to, the use of reserved or undefined fields within control or data
blocks, the inclusion of extraneous data within or between blocks, the use of
methods or algorithms not specifically listed as part of the format, etc. In
general, any and all deviations, extensions or modifications not specified in
this document should be considered to be in violation of the format and should
be avoided.


3. Licensing.

The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the copyright property of CompuServe
Incorporated. Only CompuServe Incorporated is authorized to define, redefine,
enhance, alter, modify or change in any way the definition of the format.

CompuServe Incorporated hereby grants a limited, non-exclusive, royalty-free
license for the use of the Graphics Interchange Format(sm) in computer
software; computer software utilizing GIF(sm) must acknowledge ownership of the
Graphics Interchange Format and its Service Mark by CompuServe Incorporated, in
User and Technical Documentation. Computer software utilizing GIF, which is
distributed or may be distributed without User or Technical Documentation must
display to the screen or printer a message acknowledging ownership of the
Graphics Interchange Format and the Service Mark by CompuServe Incorporated; in
this case, the acknowledgement may be displayed in an opening screen or leading
banner, or a closing screen or trailing banner. A message such as the following
may be used:

      "The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of
      CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of
      CompuServe Incorporated."

For further information, please contact :

      CompuServe Incorporated
      Graphics Technology Department
      5000 Arlington Center Boulevard
      Columbus, Ohio  43220
      U. S. A.
CompuServe Incorporated maintains a mailing list with all those individuals and
organizations who wish to receive copies of this document when it is corrected







                                                                         2


or revised. This service is offered free of charge; please provide us with your
mailing address.


Users of this specification should note that the LZW compression and
decompression methods described in U.S. Patent No. 4,558,302 and certain
corresponding foreign patents are owned by Unisys Corporation.  Software and
hardware developers may be required to obtain a license under this patent in
order to develop and market products using GIF LZW compression and
decompression.  Unisys has agreed that developers may obtain such a license on
reasonable, non-discriminatory terms and conditions.  Further information may
be obtained from: Welch Licensing Department, Office of the General Counsel, M/S
C1SW19, Unisys Corporation, Blue Bell, PA 19424.


4. About the Document.

This document describes in detail the definition of the Graphics Interchange
Format.  This document is intended as a programming reference; it is
recommended that the entire document be read carefully before programming,
because of the interdependence of the various parts. There is an individual
section for each of the Format blocks. Within each section, the sub-section
labeled Required Version refers to the version number that an encoder will have
to use if the corresponding block is used in the Data Stream. Within each
section, a diagram describes the individual fields in the block; the diagrams
are drawn vertically; top bytes in the diagram appear first in the Data Stream.
Bits within a byte are drawn most significant on the left end.  Multi-byte
numeric fields are ordered Least Significant Byte first. Numeric constants are
represented as Hexadecimal numbers, preceded by "0x".  Bit fields within a byte
are described in order from most significant bits to least significant bits.


5. General Description.

The Graphics Interchange Format(sm) defines a protocol intended for the on-line
transmission and interchange of raster graphic data in a way that is
independent of the hardware used in their creation or display.

The Graphics Interchange Format is defined in terms of blocks and sub-blocks
which contain relevant parameters and data used in the reproduction of a
graphic. A GIF Data Stream is a sequence of protocol blocks and sub-blocks
representing a collection of graphics. In general, the graphics in a Data
Stream are assumed to be related to some degree, and to share some control
information; it is recommended that encoders attempt to group together related
graphics in order to minimize hardware changes during processing and to
minimize control information overhead. For the same reason, unrelated graphics
or graphics which require resetting hardware parameters should be encoded
separately to the extent possible.

A Data Stream may originate locally, as when read from a file, or it may
originate remotely, as when transmitted over a data communications line. The
Format is defined with the assumption that an error-free Transport Level
Protocol is used for communications; the Format makes no provisions for
error-detection and error-correction.

The GIF Data Stream must be interpreted in context, that is, the application
program must rely on information external to the Data Stream to invoke the
decoder process.


6. Version Numbers.

The version number in the Header of a Data Stream is intended to identify the
minimum set of capabilities required of a decoder in order to fully process the
Data Stream.  An encoder should use the earliest possible version number that
includes all the blocks used in the Data Stream. Within each block section in
this document, there is an entry labeled Required Version which specifies the







                                                                         3


earliest version number that includes the corresponding block.  The encoder
should make every attempt to use the earliest version number covering all the
blocks in the Data Stream; the unnecessary use of later version numbers will
hinder processing by some decoders.


7. The Encoder.

The Encoder is the program used to create a GIF Data Stream. From raster data
and other information, the encoder produces the necessary control and data
blocks needed for reproducing the original graphics.

The encoder has the following primary responsibilities.

            - Include in the Data Stream all the necessary information to
            reproduce  the graphics.

            - Insure that a Data Stream is labeled with the earliest possible
            Version Number that will cover the definition of all the blocks in
            it; this is to ensure that the largest number of decoders can
            process the Data Stream.

            - Ensure encoding of the graphics in such a way that the decoding
            process is optimized. Avoid redundant information as much as
            possible.

            - To the extent possible, avoid grouping graphics which might
            require resetting hardware parameters during the decoding process.

            - Set to zero (off) each of the bits of each and every field
            designated as reserved. Note that some fields in the Logical Screen
            Descriptor and the Image Descriptor were reserved under Version
            87a, but are used under version 89a.


8. The Decoder.

The Decoder is the program used to process a GIF Data Stream. It processes the
Data Stream sequentially, parsing the various blocks and sub-blocks, using the
control information to set hardware and process parameters and interpreting the
data to render the graphics.

The decoder has the following primary responsibilities.

            - Process each graphic in the Data Stream in sequence, without
            delays other than those specified in the control information.

            - Set its hardware parameters to fit, as closely as possible, the
            control information contained in the Data Stream.


9. Compliance.

An encoder or a decoder is said to comply with a given version of the Graphics
Interchange Format if and only if it fully conforms with and correctly
implements the definition of the standard associated with that version.  An







                                                                         4


encoder or a decoder may be compliant with a given version number and not
compliant with some subsequent version.


10. About Recommendations.

Each block section in this document contains an entry labeled Recommendation;
this section lists a set of recommendations intended to guide and organize the
use of the particular blocks. Such recommendations are geared towards making
the functions of encoders and decoders more efficient, as well as making
optimal use of the communications bandwidth.  It is advised that these
recommendations be followed.


11. About Color Tables.

The GIF format utilizes color tables to render raster-based graphics. A color
table can have one of two different scopes: global or local. A Global Color
Table is used by all those graphics in the Data Stream which do not have a
Local Color Table associated with them. The scope of the Global Color Table is
the entire Data Stream. A Local Color Table is always associated with the
graphic that immediately follows it; the scope of a Local Color Table is
limited to that single graphic. A Local Color Table supersedes a Global Color
Table, that is, if a Data Stream contains a Global Color Table, and an image
has a Local Color Table associated with it, the decoder must save the Global
Color Table, use the Local Color Table to render the image, and then restore
the Global Color Table. Both types of color tables are optional, making it
possible for a Data Stream to contain numerous graphics without a color table
at all. For this reason, it is recommended that the decoder save the last
Global Color Table used until another Global Color Table is encountered. In
this way, a Data Stream which does not contain either a Global Color Table or
a Local Color Table may be processed using the last Global Color Table saved.
If a Global Color Table from a previous Stream is used, that table becomes the
Global Color Table of the present Stream. This is intended to reduce the
overhead incurred by color tables. In particular, it is recommended that an
encoder use only one Global Color Table if all the images in related Data
Streams can be rendered with the same table.  If no color table is available at
all, the decoder is free to use a system color table or a table of its own. In
that case, the decoder may use a color table with as many colors as its
hardware is able to support; it is recommended that such a table have black and
white as its first two entries, so that monochrome images can be rendered
adequately.

The Definition of the GIF Format allows for a Data Stream to contain only the
Header, the Logical Screen Descriptor, a Global Color Table and the GIF
Trailer. Such a Data Stream would be used to load a decoder with a Global Color
Table, in preparation for subsequent Data Streams without a color table at all.


12. Blocks, Extensions and Scope.

Blocks can be classified into three groups : Control, Graphic-Rendering and
Special Purpose.  Control blocks, such as the Header, the Logical Screen
Descriptor, the Graphic Control Extension and the Trailer, contain information
used to control the process of the Data Stream or information  used in setting
hardware parameters.  Graphic-Rendering blocks such as the Image Descriptor and







                                                                         5


the Plain Text Extension contain information and data used to render a graphic
on the display device. Special Purpose blocks such as the Comment Extension and
the Application Extension are neither used to control the process of the Data
Stream nor do they contain information or data used to render a graphic on the
display device. With the exception of the Logical Screen Descriptor and the
Global Color Table, whose scope is the entire Data Stream, all other Control
blocks have a limited scope, restricted to the Graphic-Rendering block that
follows them.  Special Purpose blocks do not delimit the scope of any Control
blocks; Special Purpose blocks are transparent to the decoding process.
Graphic-Rendering blocks and extensions are used as scope delimiters for
Control blocks and extensions. The labels used to identify labeled blocks fall
into three ranges : 0x00-0x7F (0-127) are the Graphic Rendering blocks,
excluding the Trailer (0x3B); 0x80-0xF9 (128-249) are the Control blocks;
0xFA-0xFF (250-255) are the Special Purpose blocks. These ranges are defined so
that decoders can handle block scope by appropriately identifying block labels,
even when the block itself cannot be processed.


13. Block Sizes.

The Block Size field in a block, counts the number of bytes remaining in the
block, not counting the Block Size field itself, and not counting the Block
Terminator, if one is to follow.  Blocks other than Data Blocks are intended to
be of fixed length; the Block Size field is provided in order to facilitate
skipping them, not to allow their size to change in the future.  Data blocks
and sub-blocks are of variable length to accommodate the amount of data.


14. Using GIF as an embedded protocol.

As an embedded protocol, GIF may be part of larger application protocols,
within which GIF is used to render graphics.  In such a case, the application
protocol could define a block within which the GIF Data Stream would be
contained. The application program would then invoke a GIF decoder upon
encountering a block of type GIF.  This approach is recommended in favor of
using Application Extensions, which become overhead for all other applications
that do not process them. Because a GIF Data Stream must be processed in
context, the application must rely on some means of identifying the GIF Data
Stream outside of the Stream itself.


15. Data Sub-blocks.

      a. Description. Data Sub-blocks are units containing data. They do not
      have a label, these blocks are processed in the context of control
      blocks, wherever data blocks are specified in the format. The first byte
      of the Data sub-block indicates the number of data bytes to follow. A
      data sub-block may contain from 0 to 255 data bytes. The size of the
      block does not account for the size byte itself, therefore, the empty
      sub-block is one whose size field contains 0x00.

      b. Required Version.  87a.











                                                                         6


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |
     +-             -+
  2  |               |
     +-             -+
  3  |               |
     +-             -+
     |               |       Data Values                   Byte
     +-             -+
 up  |               |
     +-   . . . .   -+
 to  |               |
     +-             -+
     |               |
     +-             -+
255  |               |
     +---------------+

            i) Block Size - Number of bytes in the Data Sub-block; the size
            must be within 0 and 255 bytes, inclusive.

            ii) Data Values - Any 8-bit value. There must be exactly as many
            Data Values as specified by the Block Size field.

      d. Extensions and Scope. This type of block always occurs as part of a
      larger unit. It does not have a scope of itself.

      e. Recommendation. None.


16. Block Terminator.

      a. Description. This zero-length Data Sub-block is used to terminate a
      sequence of Data Sub-blocks. It contains a single byte in the position of
      the Block Size field and does not contain data.

      b. Required Version.  87a.

      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+

            i) Block Size - Number of bytes in the Data Sub-block; this field
            contains the fixed value 0x00.

            ii) Data Values - This block does not contain any data.









                                                                         7


      d. Extensions and Scope. This block terminates the immediately preceding
      sequence of Data Sub-blocks. This block cannot be modified by any
      extension.

      e. Recommendation. None.


17. Header.

      a. Description. The Header identifies the GIF Data Stream in context. The
      Signature field marks the beginning of the Data Stream, and the Version
      field identifies the set of capabilities required of a decoder to fully
      process the Data Stream.  This block is REQUIRED; exactly one Header must
      be present per Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  Not applicable. This block is not subject to a
      version number. This block must appear at the beginning of every Data
      Stream.

      c. Syntax.


      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
   0 |               |       Signature                     3 Bytes
     +-             -+
   1 |               |
     +-             -+
   2 |               |
     +---------------+
   3 |               |       Version                       3 Bytes
     +-             -+
   4 |               |
     +-             -+
   5 |               |
     +---------------+

            i) Signature - Identifies the GIF Data Stream. This field contains
            the fixed value 'GIF'.

            ii) Version - Version number used to format the data stream.
            Identifies the minimum set of capabilities necessary to a decoder
            to fully process the contents of the Data Stream.

            Version Numbers as of 10 July 1990 :       "87a" - May 1987
                                                       "89a" - July 1989

            Version numbers are ordered numerically increasing on the first two
            digits starting with 87 (87,88,...,99,00,...,85,86) and
            alphabetically increasing on the third character (a,...,z).

            iii) Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the entire
            Data Stream. This block cannot be modified by any extension.










                                                                         8


      d. Recommendations.

            i) Signature - This field identifies the beginning of the GIF Data
            Stream; it is not intended to provide a unique signature for the
            identification of the data. It is recommended that the GIF Data
            Stream be identified externally by the application. (Refer to
            Appendix G for on-line identification of the GIF Data Stream.)

            ii) Version - ENCODER : An encoder should use the earliest possible
            version number that defines all the blocks used in the Data Stream.
            When two or more Data Streams are combined, the latest of the
            individual version numbers should be used for the resulting Data
            Stream. DECODER : A decoder should attempt to process the data
            stream to the best of its ability; if it encounters a version
            number which it is not capable of processing fully, it should
            nevertheless, attempt to process the data stream to the best of its
            ability, perhaps after warning the user that the data may be
            incomplete.


18. Logical Screen Descriptor.

      a. Description.  The Logical Screen Descriptor contains the parameters
      necessary to define the area of the display device within which the
      images will be rendered.  The coordinates in this block are given with
      respect to the top-left corner of the virtual screen; they do not
      necessarily refer to absolute coordinates on the display device.  This
      implies that they could refer to window coordinates in a window-based
      environment or printer coordinates when a printer is used.

      This block is REQUIRED; exactly one Logical Screen Descriptor must be
      present per Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  Not applicable. This block is not subject to a
      version number. This block must appear immediately after the Header.

      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Logical Screen Width          Unsigned
     +-             -+
  1  |               |
     +---------------+
  2  |               |       Logical Screen Height         Unsigned
     +-             -+
  3  |               |
     +---------------+
  4  | |     | |     |       <Packed Fields>               See below
     +---------------+
  5  |               |       Background Color Index        Byte
     +---------------+
  6  |               |       Pixel Aspect Ratio            Byte
     +---------------+









                                                                         9


     <Packed Fields>  =      Global Color Table Flag       1 Bit
                             Color Resolution              3 Bits
                             Sort Flag                     1 Bit
                             Size of Global Color Table    3 Bits

            i) Logical Screen Width - Width, in pixels, of the Logical Screen
            where the images will be rendered in the displaying device.

            ii) Logical Screen Height - Height, in pixels, of the Logical
            Screen where the images will be rendered in the displaying device.

            iii) Global Color Table Flag - Flag indicating the presence of a
            Global Color Table; if the flag is set, the Global Color Table will
            immediately follow the Logical Screen Descriptor. This flag also
            selects the interpretation of the Background Color Index; if the
            flag is set, the value of the Background Color Index field should
            be used as the table index of the background color. (This field is
            the most significant bit of the byte.)

            Values :    0 -   No Global Color Table follows, the Background
                              Color Index field is meaningless.
                        1 -   A Global Color Table will immediately follow, the
                              Background Color Index field is meaningful.

            iv) Color Resolution - Number of bits per primary color available
            to the original image, minus 1. This value represents the size of
            the entire palette from which the colors in the graphic were
            selected, not the number of colors actually used in the graphic.
            For example, if the value in this field is 3, then the palette of
            the original image had 4 bits per primary color available to create
            the image.  This value should be set to indicate the richness of
            the original palette, even if not every color from the whole
            palette is available on the source machine.

            v) Sort Flag - Indicates whether the Global Color Table is sorted.
            If the flag is set, the Global Color Table is sorted, in order of
            decreasing importance. Typically, the order would be decreasing
            frequency, with most frequent color first. This assists a decoder,
            with fewer available colors, in choosing the best subset of colors;
            the decoder may use an initial segment of the table to render the
            graphic.

            Values :    0 -   Not ordered.
                        1 -   Ordered by decreasing importance, most
                              important color first.

            vi) Size of Global Color Table - If the Global Color Table Flag is
            set to 1, the value in this field is used to calculate the number
            of bytes contained in the Global Color Table. To determine that
            actual size of the color table, raise 2 to [the value of the field
            + 1].  Even if there is no Global Color Table specified, set this
            field according to the above formula so that decoders can choose
            the best graphics mode to display the stream in.  (This field is
            made up of the 3 least significant bits of the byte.)

            vii) Background Color Index - Index into the Global Color Table for







                                                                        10


            the Background Color. The Background Color is the color used for
            those pixels on the screen that are not covered by an image. If the
            Global Color Table Flag is set to (zero), this field should be zero
            and should be ignored.

            viii) Pixel Aspect Ratio - Factor used to compute an approximation
            of the aspect ratio of the pixel in the original image.  If the
            value of the field is not 0, this approximation of the aspect ratio
            is computed based on the formula:

            Aspect Ratio = (Pixel Aspect Ratio + 15) / 64

            The Pixel Aspect Ratio is defined to be the quotient of the pixel's
            width over its height.  The value range in this field allows
            specification of the widest pixel of 4:1 to the tallest pixel of
            1:4 in increments of 1/64th.

            Values :        0 -   No aspect ratio information is given.
                       1..255 -   Value used in the computation.

      d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the entire Data
      Stream. This block cannot be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendations. None.


19. Global Color Table.

      a. Description. This block contains a color table, which is a sequence of
      bytes representing red-green-blue color triplets. The Global Color Table
      is used by images without a Local Color Table and by Plain Text
      Extensions. Its presence is marked by the Global Color Table Flag being
      set to 1 in the Logical Screen Descriptor; if present, it immediately
      follows the Logical Screen Descriptor and contains a number of bytes
      equal to
                    3 x 2^(Size of Global Color Table+1).

      This block is OPTIONAL; at most one Global Color Table may be present
      per Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  87a






















                                                                        11


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +===============+
  0  |               |       Red 0                         Byte
     +-             -+
  1  |               |       Green 0                       Byte
     +-             -+
  2  |               |       Blue 0                        Byte
     +-             -+
  3  |               |       Red 1                         Byte
     +-             -+
     |               |       Green 1                       Byte
     +-             -+
 up  |               |
     +-   . . . .   -+       ...
 to  |               |
     +-             -+
     |               |       Green 255                     Byte
     +-             -+
767  |               |       Blue 255                      Byte
     +===============+


      d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the entire Data
      Stream. This block cannot be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendation. None.


20. Image Descriptor.

      a. Description. Each image in the Data Stream is composed of an Image
      Descriptor, an optional Local Color Table, and the image data.  Each
      image must fit within the boundaries of the Logical Screen, as defined
      in the Logical Screen Descriptor.

      The Image Descriptor contains the parameters necessary to process a table
      based image. The coordinates given in this block refer to coordinates
      within the Logical Screen, and are given in pixels. This block is a
      Graphic-Rendering Block, optionally preceded by one or more Control
      blocks such as the Graphic Control Extension, and may be optionally
      followed by a Local Color Table; the Image Descriptor is always followed
      by the image data.

      This block is REQUIRED for an image.  Exactly one Image Descriptor must
      be present per image in the Data Stream.  An unlimited number of images
      may be present per Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  87a.













                                                                        12


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Image Separator               Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Image Left Position           Unsigned
     +-             -+
  2  |               |
     +---------------+
  3  |               |       Image Top Position            Unsigned
     +-             -+
  4  |               |
     +---------------+
  5  |               |       Image Width                   Unsigned
     +-             -+
  6  |               |
     +---------------+
  7  |               |       Image Height                  Unsigned
     +-             -+
  8  |               |
     +---------------+
  9  | | | |   |     |       <Packed Fields>               See below
     +---------------+

     <Packed Fields>  =      Local Color Table Flag        1 Bit
                             Interlace Flag                1 Bit
                             Sort Flag                     1 Bit
                             Reserved                      2 Bits
                             Size of Local Color Table     3 Bits

           i) Image Separator - Identifies the beginning of an Image
           Descriptor. This field contains the fixed value 0x2C.

           ii) Image Left Position - Column number, in pixels, of the left edge
           of the image, with respect to the left edge of the Logical Screen.
           Leftmost column of the Logical Screen is 0.

           iii) Image Top Position - Row number, in pixels, of the top edge of
           the image with respect to the top edge of the Logical Screen. Top
           row of the Logical Screen is 0.

           iv) Image Width - Width of the image in pixels.

           v) Image Height - Height of the image in pixels.

           vi) Local Color Table Flag - Indicates the presence of a Local Color
           Table immediately following this Image Descriptor. (This field is
           the most significant bit of the byte.)


           Values :    0 -   Local Color Table is not present. Use
                             Global Color Table if available.
                       1 -   Local Color Table present, and to follow
                             immediately after this Image Descriptor.








                                                                        13


           vii) Interlace Flag - Indicates if the image is interlaced. An image
           is interlaced in a four-pass interlace pattern; see Appendix E for
           details.

           Values :    0 - Image is not interlaced.
                       1 - Image is interlaced.

            viii) Sort Flag - Indicates whether the Local Color Table is
            sorted.  If the flag is set, the Local Color Table is sorted, in
            order of decreasing importance. Typically, the order would be
            decreasing frequency, with most frequent color first. This assists
            a decoder, with fewer available colors, in choosing the best subset
            of colors; the decoder may use an initial segment of the table to
            render the graphic.

            Values :    0 -   Not ordered.
                        1 -   Ordered by decreasing importance, most
                              important color first.

            ix) Size of Local Color Table - If the Local Color Table Flag is
            set to 1, the value in this field is used to calculate the number
            of bytes contained in the Local Color Table. To determine that
            actual size of the color table, raise 2 to the value of the field
            + 1. This value should be 0 if there is no Local Color Table
            specified. (This field is made up of the 3 least significant bits
            of the byte.)

     d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the Table-based Image
     Data Block that follows it. This block may be modified by the Graphic
     Control Extension.

     e. Recommendation. None.


21. Local Color Table.

     a. Description. This block contains a color table, which is a sequence of
     bytes representing red-green-blue color triplets. The Local Color Table
     is used by the image that immediately follows. Its presence is marked by
     the Local Color Table Flag being set to 1 in the Image Descriptor; if
     present, the Local Color Table immediately follows the Image Descriptor
     and contains a number of bytes equal to
                          3x2^(Size of Local Color Table+1).
     If present, this color table temporarily becomes the active color table
     and the following image should be processed using it. This block is
     OPTIONAL; at most one Local Color Table may be present per Image
     Descriptor and its scope is the single image associated with the Image
     Descriptor that precedes it.

     b. Required Version.  87a.













                                                                        14


     c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +===============+
  0  |               |       Red 0                         Byte
     +-             -+
  1  |               |       Green 0                       Byte
     +-             -+
  2  |               |       Blue 0                        Byte
     +-             -+
  3  |               |       Red 1                         Byte
     +-             -+
     |               |       Green 1                       Byte
     +-             -+
 up  |               |
     +-   . . . .   -+       ...
 to  |               |
     +-             -+
     |               |       Green 255                     Byte
     +-             -+
767  |               |       Blue 255                      Byte
     +===============+


     d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the Table-based Image
     Data Block that immediately follows it. This block cannot be modified by
     any extension.

     e. Recommendations. None.


22. Table Based Image Data.

     a. Description. The image data for a table based image consists of a
     sequence of sub-blocks, of size at most 255 bytes each, containing an
     index into the active color table, for each pixel in the image.  Pixel
     indices are in order of left to right and from top to bottom.  Each index
     must be within the range of the size of the active color table, starting
     at 0. The sequence of indices is encoded using the LZW Algorithm with
     variable-length code, as described in Appendix F

     b. Required Version.  87a.

     c. Syntax. The image data format is as follows:

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
     |               |       LZW Minimum Code Size         Byte
     +---------------+

     +===============+
     |               |
     /               /       Image Data                    Data Sub-blocks
     |               |
     +===============+








                                                                        15


            i) LZW Minimum Code Size.  This byte determines the initial number
            of bits used for LZW codes in the image data, as described in
            Appendix F.

     d. Extensions and Scope. This block has no scope, it contains raster
     data. Extensions intended to modify a Table-based image must appear
     before the corresponding Image Descriptor.

     e. Recommendations. None.


23. Graphic Control Extension.

      a. Description. The Graphic Control Extension contains parameters used
      when processing a graphic rendering block. The scope of this extension is
      the first graphic rendering block to follow. The extension contains only
      one data sub-block.

      This block is OPTIONAL; at most one Graphic Control Extension may precede
      a graphic rendering block. This is the only limit to the number of
      Graphic Control Extensions that may be contained in a Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  89a.

      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Extension Introducer          Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Graphic Control Label         Byte
     +---------------+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |     |     | | |       <Packed Fields>               See below
     +---------------+
  2  |               |       Delay Time                    Unsigned
     +-             -+
  3  |               |
     +---------------+
  4  |               |       Transparent Color Index       Byte
     +---------------+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Terminator              Byte
     +---------------+


      <Packed Fields>  =     Reserved                      3 Bits
                             Disposal Method               3 Bits
                             User Input Flag               1 Bit
                             Transparent Color Flag        1 Bit

            i) Extension Introducer - Identifies the beginning of an extension







                                                                        16


            block. This field contains the fixed value 0x21.

            ii) Graphic Control Label - Identifies the current block as a
            Graphic Control Extension. This field contains the fixed value
            0xF9.

            iii) Block Size - Number of bytes in the block, after the Block
            Size field and up to but not including the Block Terminator.  This
            field contains the fixed value 4.

            iv) Disposal Method - Indicates the way in which the graphic is to
            be treated after being displayed.

            Values :    0 -   No disposal specified. The decoder is
                              not required to take any action.
                        1 -   Do not dispose. The graphic is to be left
                              in place.
                        2 -   Restore to background color. The area used by the
                              graphic must be restored to the background color.
                        3 -   Restore to previous. The decoder is required to
                              restore the area overwritten by the graphic with
                              what was there prior to rendering the graphic.
                     4-7 -    To be defined.

            v) User Input Flag - Indicates whether or not user input is
            expected before continuing. If the flag is set, processing will
            continue when user input is entered. The nature of the User input
            is determined by the application (Carriage Return, Mouse Button
            Click, etc.).

            Values :    0 -   User input is not expected.
                        1 -   User input is expected.

            When a Delay Time is used and the User Input Flag is set,
            processing will continue when user input is received or when the
            delay time expires, whichever occurs first.

            vi) Transparency Flag - Indicates whether a transparency index is
            given in the Transparent Index field. (This field is the least
            significant bit of the byte.)

            Values :    0 -   Transparent Index is not given.
                        1 -   Transparent Index is given.

            vii) Delay Time - If not 0, this field specifies the number of
            hundredths (1/100) of a second to wait before continuing with the
            processing of the Data Stream. The clock starts ticking immediately
            after the graphic is rendered. This field may be used in
            conjunction with the User Input Flag field.

            viii) Transparency Index - The Transparency Index is such that when
            encountered, the corresponding pixel of the display device is not
            modified and processing goes on to the next pixel. The index is
            present if and only if the Transparency Flag is set to 1.

            ix) Block Terminator - This zero-length data block marks the end of







                                                                        17

            the Graphic Control Extension.

      d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this Extension is the graphic
      rendering block that follows it; it is possible for other extensions to
      be present between this block and its target. This block can modify the
      Image Descriptor Block and the Plain Text Extension.

      e. Recommendations.

            i) Disposal Method - The mode Restore To Previous is intended to be
            used in small sections of the graphic; the use of this mode imposes
            severe demands on the decoder to store the section of the graphic
            that needs to be saved. For this reason, this mode should be used
            sparingly.  This mode is not intended to save an entire graphic or
            large areas of a graphic; when this is the case, the encoder should
            make every attempt to make the sections of the graphic to be
            restored be separate graphics in the data stream. In the case where
            a decoder is not capable of saving an area of a graphic marked as
            Restore To Previous, it is recommended that a decoder restore to
            the background color.

            ii) User Input Flag - When the flag is set, indicating that user
            input is expected, the decoder may sound the bell (0x07) to alert
            the user that input is being expected.  In the absence of a
            specified Delay Time, the decoder should wait for user input
            indefinitely.  It is recommended that the encoder not set the User
            Input Flag without a Delay Time specified.


24. Comment Extension.

      a. Description. The Comment Extension contains textual information which
      is not part of the actual graphics in the GIF Data Stream. It is suitable
      for including comments about the graphics, credits, descriptions or any
      other type of non-control and non-graphic data.  The Comment Extension
      may be ignored by the decoder, or it may be saved for later processing;
      under no circumstances should a Comment Extension disrupt or interfere
      with the processing of the Data Stream.

      This block is OPTIONAL; any number of them may appear in the Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  89a.






















                                                                        18


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Extension Introducer          Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Comment Label                 Byte
     +---------------+

     +===============+
     |               |
  N  |               |       Comment Data                  Data Sub-blocks
     |               |
     +===============+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Terminator              Byte
     +---------------+

            i) Extension Introducer - Identifies the beginning of an extension
            block. This field contains the fixed value 0x21.

            ii) Comment Label - Identifies the block as a Comment Extension.
            This field contains the fixed value 0xFE.

            iii) Comment Data - Sequence of sub-blocks, each of size at most
            255 bytes and at least 1 byte, with the size in a byte preceding
            the data.  The end of the sequence is marked by the Block
            Terminator.

            iv) Block Terminator - This zero-length data block marks the end of
            the Comment Extension.

      d. Extensions and Scope. This block does not have scope. This block
      cannot be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendations.

            i) Data - This block is intended for humans.  It should contain
            text using the 7-bit ASCII character set. This block should
            not be used to store control information for custom processing.

            ii) Position - This block may appear at any point in the Data
            Stream at which a block can begin; however, it is recommended that
            Comment Extensions do not interfere with Control or Data blocks;
            they should be located at the beginning or at the end of the Data
            Stream to the extent possible.


25. Plain Text Extension.

      a. Description. The Plain Text Extension contains textual data and the
      parameters necessary to render that data as a graphic, in a simple form.
      The textual data will be encoded with the 7-bit printable ASCII
      characters.  Text data are rendered using a grid of character cells








                                                                        19


      defined by the parameters in the block fields. Each character is rendered
      in an individual cell. The textual data in this block is to be rendered
      as mono-spaced characters, one character per cell, with a best fitting
      font and size. For further information, see the section on
      Recommendations below. The data characters are taken sequentially from
      the data portion of the block and rendered within a cell, starting with
      the upper left cell in the grid and proceeding from left to right and
      from top to bottom. Text data is rendered until the end of data is
      reached or the character grid is filled.  The Character Grid contains an
      integral number of cells; in the case that the cell dimensions do not
      allow for an integral number, fractional cells must be discarded; an
      encoder must be careful to specify the grid dimensions accurately so that
      this does not happen. This block requires a Global Color Table to be
      available; the colors used by this block reference the Global Color Table
      in the Stream if there is one, or the Global Color Table from a previous
      Stream, if one was saved. This block is a graphic rendering block,
      therefore it may be modified by a Graphic Control Extension.  This block
      is OPTIONAL; any number of them may appear in the Data Stream.

      b. Required Version.  89a.











































                                                                        20


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Extension Introducer          Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Plain Text Label              Byte
     +---------------+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Text Grid Left Position       Unsigned
     +-             -+
  2  |               |
     +---------------+
  3  |               |       Text Grid Top Position        Unsigned
     +-             -+
  4  |               |
     +---------------+
  5  |               |       Text Grid Width               Unsigned
     +-             -+
  6  |               |
     +---------------+
  7  |               |       Text Grid Height              Unsigned
     +-             -+
  8  |               |
     +---------------+
  9  |               |       Character Cell Width          Byte
     +---------------+
 10  |               |       Character Cell Height         Byte
     +---------------+
 11  |               |       Text Foreground Color Index   Byte
     +---------------+
 12  |               |       Text Background Color Index   Byte
     +---------------+

     +===============+
     |               |
  N  |               |       Plain Text Data               Data Sub-blocks
     |               |
     +===============+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Terminator              Byte
     +---------------+

            i) Extension Introducer - Identifies the beginning of an extension
            block. This field contains the fixed value 0x21.

            ii) Plain Text Label - Identifies the current block as a Plain Text
            Extension. This field contains the fixed value 0x01.

            iii) Block Size - Number of bytes in the extension, after the Block
            Size field and up to but not including the beginning of the data
            portion. This field contains the fixed value 12.







                                                                        21


            iv) Text Grid Left Position - Column number, in pixels, of the left
            edge of the text grid, with respect to the left edge of the Logical
            Screen.

            v) Text Grid Top Position - Row number, in pixels, of the top edge
            of the text grid, with respect to the top edge of the Logical
            Screen.

            vi) Image Grid Width - Width of the text grid in pixels.

            vii) Image Grid Height - Height of the text grid in pixels.

            viii) Character Cell Width - Width, in pixels, of each cell in the
            grid.

            ix) Character Cell Height - Height, in pixels, of each cell in the
            grid.

            x) Text Foreground Color Index - Index into the Global Color Table
            to be used to render the text foreground.

            xi) Text Background Color Index - Index into the Global Color Table
            to be used to render the text background.

            xii) Plain Text Data - Sequence of sub-blocks, each of size at most
            255 bytes and at least 1 byte, with the size in a byte preceding
            the data.  The end of the sequence is marked by the Block
            Terminator.

            xiii) Block Terminator - This zero-length data block marks the end
            of the Plain Text Data Blocks.

      d. Extensions and Scope. The scope of this block is the Plain Text Data
      Block contained in it. This block may be modified by the Graphic Control
      Extension.

      e. Recommendations. The data in the Plain Text Extension is assumed to be
      preformatted. The selection of font and size is left to the discretion of
      the decoder.  If characters less than 0x20 or greater than 0xf7 are
      encountered, it is recommended that the decoder display a Space character
      (0x20). The encoder should use grid and cell dimensions such that an
      integral number of cells fit in the grid both horizontally as well as
      vertically.  For broadest compatibility, character cell dimensions should
      be around 8x8 or 8x16 (width x height); consider an image for unusual
      sized text.


26. Application Extension.

      a. Description. The Application Extension contains application-specific
      information; it conforms with the extension block syntax, as described
      below, and its block label is 0xFF.

      b. Required Version.  89a.









                                                                        22


      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Extension Introducer          Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |       Extension Label               Byte
     +---------------+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Size                    Byte
     +---------------+
  1  |               |
     +-             -+
  2  |               |
     +-             -+
  3  |               |       Application Identifier        8 Bytes
     +-             -+
  4  |               |
     +-             -+
  5  |               |
     +-             -+
  6  |               |
     +-             -+
  7  |               |
     +-             -+
  8  |               |
     +---------------+
  9  |               |
     +-             -+
 10  |               |       Appl. Authentication Code     3 Bytes
     +-             -+
 11  |               |
     +---------------+

     +===============+
     |               |
     |               |       Application Data              Data Sub-blocks
     |               |
     |               |
     +===============+

     +---------------+
  0  |               |       Block Terminator              Byte
     +---------------+

            i) Extension Introducer - Defines this block as an extension. This
            field contains the fixed value 0x21.

            ii) Application Extension Label - Identifies the block as an
            Application Extension. This field contains the fixed value 0xFF.

            iii) Block Size - Number of bytes in this extension block,
            following the Block Size field, up to but not including the
            beginning of the Application Data. This field contains the fixed
            value 11.







                                                                        23


            iv) Application Identifier - Sequence of eight printable ASCII
            characters used to identify the application owning the Application
            Extension.

            v) Application Authentication Code - Sequence of three bytes used
            to authenticate the Application Identifier. An Application program
            may use an algorithm to compute a binary code that uniquely
            identifies it as the application owning the Application Extension.


      d. Extensions and Scope. This block does not have scope. This block
      cannot be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendation. None.


27. Trailer.

      a. Description. This block is a single-field block indicating the end of
      the GIF Data Stream.  It contains the fixed value 0x3B.

      b. Required Version.  87a.

      c. Syntax.

      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0        Field Name                    Type
     +---------------+
  0  |               |       GIF Trailer                   Byte
     +---------------+

      d. Extensions and Scope. This block does not have scope, it terminates
      the GIF Data Stream. This block may not be modified by any extension.

      e. Recommendations. None.





























                                                                        24


Appendix
A. Quick Reference Table.

Block Name                  Required   Label       Ext.   Vers.
Application Extension       Opt. (*)   0xFF (255)  yes    89a
Comment Extension           Opt. (*)   0xFE (254)  yes    89a
Global Color Table          Opt. (1)   none        no     87a
Graphic Control Extension   Opt. (*)   0xF9 (249)  yes    89a
Header                      Req. (1)   none        no     N/A
Image Descriptor            Opt. (*)   0x2C (044)  no     87a (89a)
Local Color Table           Opt. (*)   none        no     87a
Logical Screen Descriptor   Req. (1)   none        no     87a (89a)
Plain Text Extension        Opt. (*)   0x01 (001)  yes    89a
Trailer                     Req. (1)   0x3B (059)  no     87a

Unlabeled Blocks
Header                      Req. (1)   none        no     N/A
Logical Screen Descriptor   Req. (1)   none        no     87a (89a)
Global Color Table          Opt. (1)   none        no     87a
Local Color Table           Opt. (*)   none        no     87a

Graphic-Rendering Blocks
Plain Text Extension        Opt. (*)   0x01 (001)  yes    89a
Image Descriptor            Opt. (*)   0x2C (044)  no     87a (89a)

Control Blocks
Graphic Control Extension   Opt. (*)   0xF9 (249)  yes    89a

Special Purpose Blocks
Trailer                     Req. (1)   0x3B (059)  no     87a
Comment Extension           Opt. (*)   0xFE (254)  yes    89a
Application Extension       Opt. (*)   0xFF (255)  yes    89a

legend:           (1)   if present, at most one occurrence
                  (*)   zero or more occurrences
                  (+)   one or more occurrences

Notes : The Header is not subject to Version Numbers.
(89a) The Logical Screen Descriptor and the Image Descriptor retained their
syntax from version 87a to version 89a, but some fields reserved under version
87a are used under version 89a.






















                                                                        25


Appendix
B. GIF Grammar.

A Grammar is a form of notation to represent the sequence in which certain
objects form larger objects.  A grammar is also used to represent the number of
objects that can occur at a given position.  The grammar given here represents
the sequence of blocks that form the GIF Data Stream. A grammar is given by
listing its rules.  Each rule consists of the left-hand side, followed by some
form of equals sign, followed by the right-hand side.  In a rule, the
right-hand side describes how the left-hand side is defined. The right-hand
side consists of a sequence of entities, with the possible presence of special
symbols. The following legend defines the symbols used in this grammar for GIF.

Legend:           <>    grammar word
                  ::=   defines symbol
                  *     zero or more occurrences
                  +     one or more occurrences
                  |     alternate element
                  []    optional element

Example:

<GIF Data Stream> ::= Header <Logical Screen> <Data>* Trailer

This rule defines the entity <GIF Data Stream> as follows. It must begin with a
Header. The Header is followed by an entity called Logical Screen, which is
defined below by another rule. The Logical Screen is followed by the entity
Data, which is also defined below by another rule. Finally, the entity Data is
followed by the Trailer.  Since there is no rule defining the Header or the
Trailer, this means that these blocks are defined in the document.  The entity
Data has a special symbol (*) following it which means that, at this position,
the entity Data may be repeated any number of times, including 0 times. For
further reading on this subject, refer to a standard text on Programming
Languages.


The Grammar.

<GIF Data Stream> ::=     Header <Logical Screen> <Data>* Trailer

<Logical Screen> ::=      Logical Screen Descriptor [Global Color Table]

<Data> ::=                <Graphic Block>  |
                          <Special-Purpose Block>

<Graphic Block> ::=       [Graphic Control Extension] <Graphic-Rendering Block>

<Graphic-Rendering Block> ::=  <Table-Based Image>  |
                               Plain Text Extension

<Table-Based Image> ::=   Image Descriptor [Local Color Table] Image Data

<Special-Purpose Block> ::=    Application Extension  |
                               Comment Extension









                                                                        26


NOTE : The grammar indicates that it is possible for a GIF Data Stream to
contain the Header, the Logical Screen Descriptor, a Global Color Table and the
GIF Trailer. This special case is used to load a GIF decoder with a Global
Color Table, in preparation for subsequent Data Streams without color tables at
all.


























































                                                                        27


Appendix
C. Glossary.

Active Color Table - Color table used to render the next graphic. If the next
graphic is an image which has a Local Color Table associated with it, the
active color table becomes the Local Color Table associated with that image.
If the next graphic is an image without a Local Color Table, or a Plain Text
Extension, the active color table is the Global Color Table associated with the
Data Stream, if there is one; if there is no Global Color Table in the Data
Stream, the active color table is a color table saved from a previous Data
Stream, or one supplied by the decoder.

Block - Collection of bytes forming a protocol unit. In general, the term
includes labeled and unlabeled blocks, as well as Extensions.

Data Stream - The GIF Data Stream is composed of blocks and sub-blocks
representing images and graphics, together with control information to render
them on a display device. All control and data blocks in the Data Stream must
follow the Header and must precede the Trailer.

Decoder - A program capable of processing a GIF Data Stream to render the
images and graphics contained in it.

Encoder - A program capable of capturing and formatting image and graphic
raster data, following the definitions of the Graphics Interchange Format.

Extension - A protocol block labeled by the Extension Introducer 0x21.

Extension Introducer - Label (0x21) defining an Extension.

Graphic - Data which can be rendered on the screen by virtue of some algorithm.
The term graphic is more general than the term image; in addition to images,
the term graphic also includes data such as text, which is rendered using
character bit-maps.

Image - Data representing a picture or a drawing; an image is represented by an
array of pixels called the raster of the image.

Raster - Array of pixel values representing an image.
























                                                                        28


Appendix
D. Conventions.

Animation - The Graphics Interchange Format is not intended as a platform for
animation, even though it can be done in a limited way.

Byte Ordering - Unless otherwise stated, multi-byte numeric fields are ordered
with the Least Significant Byte first.

Color Indices - Color indices always refer to the active color table, either
the Global Color Table or the Local Color Table.

Color Order - Unless otherwise stated, all triple-component RGB color values
are specified in Red-Green-Blue order.

Color Tables - Both color tables, the Global and the Local, are optional; if
present, the Global Color Table is to be used with every image in the Data
Stream for which a Local Color Table is not given; if present, a Local Color
Table overrides the Global Color Table.  However, if neither color table is
present, the application program is free to use an arbitrary color table. If
the graphics in several Data Streams are related and all use the same color
table, an encoder could place the color table as the Global Color Table in the
first Data Stream and leave subsequent Data Streams without a Global Color
Table or any Local Color Tables; in this way, the overhead for the table is
eliminated.  It is recommended that the decoder save the previous Global Color
Table to be used with the Data Stream that follows, in case it does not contain
either a Global Color Table or any Local Color Tables. In general, this allows
the application program to use past color tables, significantly reducing
transmission overhead.

Extension Blocks - Extensions are defined using the Extension Introducer code
to mark the beginning of the block, followed by a block label, identifying the
type of extension.  Extension Codes are numbers in the range from 0x00 to 0xFF,
inclusive. Special purpose extensions are transparent to the decoder and may be
omitted when transmitting the Data Stream on-line. The GIF capabilities
dialogue makes the provision for the receiver to request the transmission of
all blocks; the default state in this regard is no transmission of Special
purpose blocks.

Reserved Fields - All Reserved Fields are expected to have each bit set to zero
(off).






















                                                                        29


Appendix
E. Interlaced Images.

The rows of an Interlaced images are arranged in the following order:

      Group 1 : Every 8th. row, starting with row 0.              (Pass 1)
      Group 2 : Every 8th. row, starting with row 4.              (Pass 2)
      Group 3 : Every 4th. row, starting with row 2.              (Pass 3)
      Group 4 : Every 2nd. row, starting with row 1.              (Pass 4)

The Following example illustrates how the rows of an interlaced image are
ordered.

      Row Number                                        Interlace Pass

 0    -----------------------------------------       1
 1    -----------------------------------------                         4
 2    -----------------------------------------                   3
 3    -----------------------------------------                         4
 4    -----------------------------------------             2
 5    -----------------------------------------                         4
 6    -----------------------------------------                   3
 7    -----------------------------------------                         4
 8    -----------------------------------------       1
 9    -----------------------------------------                         4
 10   -----------------------------------------                   3
 11   -----------------------------------------                         4
 12   -----------------------------------------             2
 13   -----------------------------------------                         4
 14   -----------------------------------------                   3
 15   -----------------------------------------                         4
 16   -----------------------------------------       1
 17   -----------------------------------------                         4
 18   -----------------------------------------                   3
 19   -----------------------------------------                         4




























                                                                        30


Appendix
F. Variable-Length-Code LZW Compression.

The Variable-Length-Code LZW Compression is a variation of the Lempel-Ziv
Compression algorithm in which variable-length codes are used to replace
patterns detected in the original data. The algorithm uses a code or
translation table constructed from the patterns encountered in the original
data; each new pattern is entered into the table and its index is used to
replace it in the compressed stream.

The compressor takes the data from the input stream and builds a code or
translation table with the patterns as it encounters them; each new pattern is
entered into the code table and its index is added to the output stream; when a
pattern is encountered which had been detected since the last code table
refresh, its index from the code table is put on the output stream, thus
achieving the data compression.  The expander takes input from the compressed
data stream and builds the code or translation table from it; as the compressed
data stream is processed, codes are used to index into the code table and the
corresponding data is put on the decompressed output stream, thus achieving
data decompression.  The details of the algorithm are explained below.  The
Variable-Length-Code aspect of the algorithm is based on an initial code size
(LZW-initial code size), which specifies the initial number of bits used for
the compression codes.  When the number of patterns detected by the compressor
in the input stream exceeds the number of patterns encodable with the current
number of bits, the number of bits per LZW code is increased by one.

The Raster Data stream that represents the actual output image can be
represented as:

         7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
        +---------------+
        | LZW code size |
        +---------------+

        +---------------+ ----+
        |  block size   |     |
        +---------------+     |
        |               |     +-- Repeated as many
        |  data bytes   |     |   times as necessary.
        |               |     |
        +---------------+ ----+

        . . .       . . . ------- The code that terminates the LZW
                                  compressed data must appear before
                                  Block Terminator.
        +---------------+
        |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|  Block Terminator
        +---------------+

The conversion of the image from a series of pixel values to a transmitted or
stored character stream involves several steps. In brief these steps are:

1. Establish the Code Size - Define the number of bits needed to represent the
actual data.

2. Compress the Data - Compress the series of image pixels to a series of







                                                                        31


compression codes.

3. Build a Series of Bytes - Take the set of compression codes and convert to a
string of 8-bit bytes.

4. Package the Bytes - Package sets of bytes into blocks preceded by character
counts and output.

ESTABLISH CODE SIZE

The first byte of the Compressed Data stream is a value indicating the minimum
number of bits required to represent the set of actual pixel values. Normally
this will be the same as the number of color bits. Because of some algorithmic
constraints however, black & white images which have one color bit must be
indicated as having a code size of 2.
This code size value also implies that the compression codes must start out one
bit longer.

COMPRESSION

The LZW algorithm converts a series of data values into a series of codes which
may be raw values or a code designating a series of values. Using text
characters as an analogy, the output code consists of a character or a code
representing a string of characters.

The LZW algorithm used in GIF matches algorithmically with the standard LZW
algorithm with the following differences:

1.  A special Clear code is defined which resets all compression/decompression
parameters and tables to a start-up state. The value of this code is 2**<code
size>. For example if the code size indicated was 4 (image was 4 bits/pixel)
the Clear code value would be 16 (10000 binary). The Clear code can appear at
any point in the image data stream and therefore requires the LZW algorithm to
process succeeding codes as if a new data stream was starting. Encoders should
output a Clear code as the first code of each image data stream.

2. An End of Information code is defined that explicitly indicates the end of
the image data stream. LZW processing terminates when this code is encountered.
It must be the last code output by the encoder for an image. The value of this
code is <Clear code>+1.

3. The first available compression code value is <Clear code>+2.

4. The output codes are of variable length, starting at <code size>+1 bits per
code, up to 12 bits per code. This defines a maximum code value of 4095
(0xFFF). Whenever the LZW code value would exceed the current code length, the
code length is increased by one. The packing/unpacking of these codes must then
be altered to reflect the new code length.

BUILD 8-BIT BYTES

Because the LZW compression used for GIF creates a series of variable length
codes, of between 3 and 12 bits each, these codes must be reformed into a
series of 8-bit bytes that will be the characters actually stored or
transmitted. This provides additional compression of the image. The codes are
formed into a stream of bits as if they were packed right to left and then







                                                                        32


picked off 8 bits at a time to be output.

Assuming a character array of 8 bits per character and using 5 bit codes to be
packed, an example layout would be similar to:


     +---------------+
  0  |               |    bbbaaaaa
     +---------------+
  1  |               |    dcccccbb
     +---------------+
  2  |               |    eeeedddd
     +---------------+
  3  |               |    ggfffffe
     +---------------+
  4  |               |    hhhhhggg
     +---------------+
           . . .
     +---------------+
  N  |               |
     +---------------+


Note that the physical packing arrangement will change as the number of bits
per compression code change but the concept remains the same.

PACKAGE THE BYTES

Once the bytes have been created, they are grouped into blocks for output by
preceding each block of 0 to 255 bytes with a character count byte. A block
with a zero byte count terminates the Raster Data stream for a given image.
These blocks are what are actually output for the GIF image. This block format
has the side effect of allowing a decoding program the ability to read past the
actual image data if necessary by reading block counts and then skipping over
the data.



FURTHER READING

[1] Ziv, J. and Lempel, A. : "A Universal Algorithm for Sequential Data
Compression", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1977.
[2] Welch, T. : "A Technique for High-Performance Data Compression", Computer,
June 1984.
[3] Nelson, M.R. : "LZW Data Compression", Dr. Dobb's Journal, October 1989.


















                                                                        33


Appendix
G. On-line Capabilities Dialogue.

NOTE : This section is currently (10 July 1990) under revision; the information
provided here should be used as general guidelines. Code written based on this
information should be designed in a flexible way to accommodate any changes
resulting from the revisions.

The following sequences are defined for use in mediating control between a GIF
sender and GIF receiver over an interactive communications line. These
sequences do not apply to applications that involve downloading of static GIF
files and are not considered part of a GIF file.

GIF CAPABILITIES ENQUIRY

The GIF Capabilities Enquiry sequence is issued from a host and requests an
interactive GIF decoder to return a response message that defines the graphics
parameters for the decoder. This involves returning information about available
screen sizes, number of bits/color supported and the amount of color detail
supported. The escape sequence for the GIF Capabilities Enquiry is defined as:

ESC[>0g           0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x30 0x67

GIF CAPABILITIES RESPONSE

The GIF Capabilities Response message is returned by an interactive GIF decoder
and defines the decoder's display capabilities for all graphics modes that are
supported by the software. Note that this can also include graphics printers as
well as a monitor screen. The general format of this message is:

#version;protocol{;dev, width, height, color-bits, color-res}...<CR>


'#'            GIF Capabilities Response identifier character.
version        GIF format version number;  initially '87a'.
protocol='0'   No end-to-end protocol supported by decoder Transfer as direct
               8-bit data stream.
protocol='1'   Can use CIS B+ error correction protocol to transfer GIF data
               interactively from the host directly to the display.
dev = '0'      Screen parameter set follows.
dev = '1'      Printer parameter set follows.
width          Maximum supported display width in pixels.
height         Maximum supported display height in pixels.
color-bits     Number of bits per pixel supported. The number of supported
               colors is therefore 2**color-bits.
color-res      Number of bits per color component supported in the hardware
               color palette. If color-res is '0' then no hardware palette
               table is available.

Note that all values in the GIF Capabilities Response are returned as ASCII
decimal numbers and the message is terminated by a Carriage Return character.

The following GIF Capabilities Response message describes three standard IBM PC
Enhanced Graphics Adapter configurations with no printer; the GIF data stream









                                                                        34


can be processed within an error correcting protocol:

#87a;1;0,320,200,4,0;0,640,200,2,2;0,640,350,4,2<CR>

ENTER GIF GRAPHICS MODE

Two sequences are currently defined to invoke an interactive GIF decoder into
action. The only difference between them is that different output media are
selected. These sequences are:

ESC[>1g     Display GIF image on screen

                  0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x31 0x67

ESC[>2g   Display image directly to an attached graphics printer. The image may
optionally be displayed on the screen as well.

                  0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x32 0x67

Note that the 'g' character terminating each sequence is in lowercase.

INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENT

The assumed environment for the transmission of GIF image data from an
interactive application is a full 8-bit data stream from host to micro.  All
256 character codes must be transferrable. The establishing of an 8-bit data
path for communications will normally be taken care of by the host application
programs. It is however up to the receiving communications programs supporting
GIF to be able to receive and pass on all 256 8-bit codes to the GIF decoder
software.


                                G I F (tm)

                     Graphics Interchange Format (tm)




                      A standard defining a mechanism
                     for the storage and transmission
                   of raster-based graphics information










                               June 15, 1987












                     (c) CompuServe Incorporated, 1987
                            All rights reserved

            While this document is copyrighted, the information
          contained within is made available for use in computer
          software without royalties, or licensing restrictions.






          GIF and 'Graphics Interchange Format' are trademarks of
                         CompuServe, Incorporated.
                           an H&R Block Company

                        5000 Arlington Centre Blvd.
                           Columbus, Ohio 43220
                              (614) 457-8600




                                                                     Page 2


              Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) Specification


                             Table of Contents

        INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3

        GENERAL FILE FORMAT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3

        GIF SIGNATURE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4

        SCREEN DESCRIPTOR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4

        GLOBAL COLOR MAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5

        IMAGE DESCRIPTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6

        LOCAL COLOR MAP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7

        RASTER DATA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7

        GIF TERMINATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 8

        GIF EXTENSION BLOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 8

        APPENDIX A - GLOSSARY  . . . . . . . . . . . . page 9

        APPENDIX B - INTERACTIVE SEQUENCES . . . . . . page 10

        APPENDIX C - IMAGE PACKAGING & COMPRESSION . . page 12

        APPENDIX D - MULTIPLE IMAGE PROCESSING . . . . page 15













Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                    Page 3
Specification


INTRODUCTION

        'GIF' (tm) is CompuServe's standard for defining generalized  color
   raster   images.    This   'Graphics  Interchange  Format'  (tm)  allows
   high-quality, high-resolution graphics to be displayed on a  variety  of
   graphics  hardware  and is intended as an exchange and display mechanism
   for graphics images.  The image format described  in  this  document  is
   designed  to  support  current  and  future image technology and will in
   addition serve as a basis for future CompuServe graphics products.

        The main focus  of  this  document  is  to  provide  the  technical
   information  necessary  for  a  programmer to implement GIF encoders and
   decoders.  As such, some assumptions are made as to terminology relavent
   to graphics and programming in general.

        The first section of this document describes the  GIF  data  format
   and its components and applies to all GIF decoders, either as standalone
   programs or as part of  a  communications  package.   Appendix  B  is  a
   section  relavent to decoders that are part of a communications software
   package and describes the protocol requirements for entering and exiting
   GIF mode, and responding to host interrogations.  A glossary in Appendix
   A defines some of the terminology used in  this  document.   Appendix  C
   gives  a  detailed  explanation  of  how  the  graphics  image itself is
   packaged as a series of data bytes.


                Graphics Interchange Format Data Definition


 GENERAL FILE FORMAT

        +-----------------------+
        | +-------------------+ |
        | |   GIF Signature   | |
        | +-------------------+ |
        | +-------------------+ |
        | | Screen Descriptor | |
        | +-------------------+ |
        | +-------------------+ |
        | | Global Color Map  | |
        | +-------------------+ |
        . . .               . . .
        | +-------------------+ |    ---+   
        | |  Image Descriptor | |       |   
        | +-------------------+ |       |   
        | +-------------------+ |       |  
        | |  Local Color Map  | |       |-   Repeated 1 to n times
        | +-------------------+ |       |   
        | +-------------------+ |       |   
        | |    Raster Data    | |       |   
        | +-------------------+ |    ---+   
        . . .               . . .   
        |-    GIF Terminator   -|   
        +-----------------------+














Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                    Page 4
Specification


 GIF SIGNATURE

        The following GIF Signature identifies  the  data  following  as  a
   valid GIF image stream.  It consists of the following six characters:

             G I F 8 7 a

        The last three characters '87a' may be viewed as a  version  number
   for  this  particular  GIF  definition  and will be used in general as a
   reference  in  documents  regarding  GIF  that   address   any   version
   dependencies.

 SCREEN DESCRIPTOR

        The Screen Descriptor describes the overall parameters for all  GIF
   images  following.  It defines the overall dimensions of the image space
   or logical screen required, the existance of color mapping  information,
   background  screen color, and color depth information.  This information
   is stored in a series of 8-bit bytes as described below.

              bits
         7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0  Byte #
        +---------------+
        |               |  1
        +-Screen Width -+      Raster width in pixels (LSB first)
        |               |  2
        +---------------+
        |               |  3
        +-Screen Height-+      Raster height in pixels (LSB first)
        |               |  4
        +-+-----+-+-----+      M = 1, Global color map follows Descriptor
        |M|  cr |0|pixel|  5   cr+1 = # bits of color resolution
        +-+-----+-+-----+      pixel+1 = # bits/pixel in image
        |   background  |  6   background=Color index of screen background
        +---------------+          (color is defined from the Global color
        |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|  7        map or default map if none specified)
        +---------------+


        The logical screen width and height can both  be  larger  than  the
   physical  display.   How  images  larger  than  the physical display are
   handled is implementation dependent and can take advantage  of  hardware
   characteristics  (e.g.   Macintosh scrolling windows).  Otherwise images
   can be clipped to the edges of the display.

        The value of 'pixel' also defines  the  maximum  number  of  colors
   within  an  image.   The  range  of  values  for 'pixel' is 0 to 7 which
   represents 1 to 8 bits.  This translates to a range of 2 (B & W) to  256
   colors.   Bit  3 of word 5 is reserved for future definition and must be
   zero.


















Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                    Page 5
Specification


 GLOBAL COLOR MAP

        The Global Color Map is optional but recommended for  images  where
   accurate color rendition is desired.  The existence of this color map is
   indicated in the 'M' field of byte 5 of the Screen Descriptor.  A  color
   map  can  also  be associated with each image in a GIF file as described
   later.  However this  global  map  will  normally  be  used  because  of
   hardware  restrictions  in equipment available today.  In the individual
   Image Descriptors the 'M' flag will normally be  zero.   If  the  Global
   Color  Map  is  present,  it's definition immediately follows the Screen
   Descriptor.   The  number  of  color  map  entries  following  a  Screen
   Descriptor  is equal to 2**(# bits per pixel), where each entry consists
   of three byte values representing the relative intensities of red, green
   and blue respectively.  The structure of the Color Map block is:

              bits
         7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0  Byte #
        +---------------+
        | red intensity |  1    Red value for color index 0
        +---------------+
        |green intensity|  2    Green value for color index 0
        +---------------+
        | blue intensity|  3    Blue value for color index 0
        +---------------+
        | red intensity |  4    Red value for color index 1
        +---------------+
        |green intensity|  5    Green value for color index 1
        +---------------+
        | blue intensity|  6    Blue value for color index 1
        +---------------+
        :               :       (Continues for remaining colors)

        Each image pixel value received will be displayed according to  its
   closest match with an available color of the display based on this color
   map.  The color components represent a fractional intensity  value  from
   none  (0)  to  full (255).  White would be represented as (255,255,255),
   black as (0,0,0) and medium yellow as (180,180,0).  For display, if  the
   device  supports fewer than 8 bits per color component, the higher order
   bits of each component are used.  In the creation of  a  GIF  color  map
   entry  with  hardware  supporting  fewer  than 8 bits per component, the
   component values for the hardware  should  be  converted  to  the  8-bit
   format with the following calculation:

        <map_value> = <component_value>*255/(2**<nbits> -1)

        This assures accurate translation of colors for all  displays.   In
   the  cases  of  creating  GIF images from hardware without color palette
   capability, a fixed palette should be created  based  on  the  available
   display  colors for that hardware.  If no Global Color Map is indicated,
   a default color map is generated internally  which  maps  each  possible
   incoming  color  index to the same hardware color index modulo <n> where
   <n> is the number of available hardware colors.
















Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                    Page 6
Specification


 IMAGE DESCRIPTOR

        The Image Descriptor defines the actual placement  and  extents  of
   the  following  image within the space defined in the Screen Descriptor.
   Also defined are flags to indicate the presence of a local color  lookup
   map, and to define the pixel display sequence.  Each Image Descriptor is
   introduced by an image separator  character.   The  role  of  the  Image
   Separator  is simply to provide a synchronization character to introduce
   an Image Descriptor.  This is desirable if a GIF file happens to contain
   more  than  one  image.   This  character  is defined as 0x2C hex or ','
   (comma).  When this character is encountered between images,  the  Image
   Descriptor will follow immediately.

        Any characters encountered between the end of a previous image  and
   the image separator character are to be ignored.  This allows future GIF
   enhancements to be present in newer image formats and yet ignored safely
   by older software decoders.


              bits
         7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0  Byte #
        +---------------+
        |0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0|  1    ',' - Image separator character
        +---------------+
        |               |  2    Start of image in pixels from the
        +-  Image Left -+       left side of the screen (LSB first)
        |               |  3
        +---------------+
        |               |  4
        +-  Image Top  -+       Start of image in pixels from the
        |               |  5    top of the screen (LSB first)
        +---------------+
        |               |  6
        +- Image Width -+       Width of the image in pixels (LSB first)
        |               |  7
        +---------------+
        |               |  8
        +- Image Height-+       Height of the image in pixels (LSB first)
        |               |  9
        +-+-+-+-+-+-----+       M=0 - Use global color map, ignore 'pixel'
        |M|I|0|0|0|pixel| 10    M=1 - Local color map follows, use 'pixel'
        +-+-+-+-+-+-----+       I=0 - Image formatted in Sequential order
                                I=1 - Image formatted in Interlaced order
                                pixel+1 - # bits per pixel for this image

        The specifications for the image position and size must be confined
   to  the  dimensions defined by the Screen Descriptor.  On the other hand
   it is not necessary that the image fill the entire screen defined.


 LOCAL COLOR MAP

















Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                    Page 7
Specification


        A Local Color Map is optional and defined here for future use.   If
   the  'M' bit of byte 10 of the Image Descriptor is set, then a color map
   follows the Image Descriptor that applies only to the  following  image.
   At the end of the image, the color map will revert to that defined after
   the Screen Descriptor.  Note that the 'pixel' field of byte  10  of  the
   Image  Descriptor  is used only if a Local Color Map is indicated.  This
   defines the parameters not only for the image pixel size, but determines
   the  number  of color map entries that follow.  The bits per pixel value
   will also revert to the value specified in the  Screen  Descriptor  when
   processing of the image is complete.

 RASTER DATA

        The format of the actual image is defined as the  series  of  pixel
   color  index  values that make up the image.  The pixels are stored left
   to right sequentially for an image row.  By default each  image  row  is
   written  sequentially, top to bottom.  In the case that the Interlace or
   'I' bit is set in byte 10 of the Image Descriptor then the row order  of
   the  image  display  follows  a  four-pass process in which the image is
   filled in by widely spaced rows.  The first pass writes every  8th  row,
   starting  with  the top row of the image window.  The second pass writes
   every 8th row starting at the fifth row from the top.   The  third  pass
   writes every 4th row starting at the third row from the top.  The fourth
   pass completes the image, writing  every  other  row,  starting  at  the
   second row from the top.  A graphic description of this process follows:


   Image
   Row  Pass 1  Pass 2  Pass 3  Pass 4          Result
   ---------------------------------------------------
     0  **1a**                                  **1a**
     1                          **4a**          **4a**
     2                  **3a**                  **3a**
     3                          **4b**          **4b**
     4          **2a**                          **2a**
     5                          **4c**          **4c**
     6                  **3b**                  **3b**
     7                          **4d**          **4d**
     8  **1b**                                  **1b**
     9                          **4e**          **4e**
    10                  **3c**                  **3c**
    11                          **4f**          **4f**
    12          **2b**                          **2b**
   . . . 



        The image pixel values are processed as a series of  color  indices
   which  map  into the existing color map.  The resulting color value from
   the map is what is actually displayed.  This series  of  pixel  indices,
   the  number  of  which  is equal to image-width*image-height pixels, are
   passed to the GIF image data stream one value per pixel, compressed  and
   packaged  according  to  a  version  of the LZW compression algorithm as
   defined in Appendix C.














Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                    Page 8
Specification


 GIF TERMINATOR

        In order to provide a synchronization for the termination of a  GIF
   image  file,  a  GIF  decoder  will process the end of GIF mode when the
   character 0x3B hex or ';' is found after an image  has  been  processed.
   By  convention  the  decoding software will pause and wait for an action
   indicating that the user is ready to continue.  This may be  a  carriage
   return  entered  at  the  keyboard  or  a  mouse click.  For interactive
   applications this user action must  be  passed  on  to  the  host  as  a
   carriage  return  character  so  that the host application can continue.
   The decoding software will then typically leave graphics mode and resume
   any previous process.


 GIF EXTENSION BLOCKS

        To provide for orderly extension of the GIF definition, a mechanism
   for  defining  the  packaging  of extensions within a GIF data stream is
   necessary.  Specific GIF extensions are to be defined and documented  by
   CompuServe in order to provide a controlled enhancement path.

        GIF Extension Blocks are packaged in a manner similar to that  used
   by the raster data though not compressed.  The basic structure is:

         7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0  Byte #
        +---------------+
        |0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1|  1       '!' - GIF Extension Block Introducer
        +---------------+
        | function code |  2       Extension function code (0 to 255)
        +---------------+    ---+
        |  byte count   |       |
        +---------------+       |
        :               :       +-- Repeated as many times as necessary
        |func data bytes|       |
        :               :       |
        +---------------+    ---+
        . . .       . . .
        +---------------+
        |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|       zero byte count (terminates block)
        +---------------+

        A GIF Extension Block may immediately preceed any Image  Descriptor
   or occur before the GIF Terminator.

        All GIF decoders must be able to recognize  the  existence  of  GIF
   Extension  Blocks  and  read past them if unable to process the function
   code.  This ensures that older decoders will be able to process extended
   GIF   image   files   in  the  future,  though  without  the  additional
   functionality.



















Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                    Page 9
Appendix A - Glossary


                                 GLOSSARY

Pixel - The smallest picture element of a  graphics  image.   This  usually
   corresponds  to  a single dot on a graphics screen.  Image resolution is
   typically given in units of  pixels.   For  example  a  fairly  standard
   graphics  screen  format  is  one 320 pixels across and 200 pixels high.
   Each pixel can  appear  as  one  of  several  colors  depending  on  the
   capabilities of the graphics hardware.

Raster - A horizontal row of pixels representing one line of an  image.   A
   typical method of working with images since most hardware is oriented to
   work most efficiently in this manner.

LSB - Least Significant Byte.  Refers to a convention for two byte  numeric
   values in which the less significant byte of the value preceeds the more
   significant byte.  This convention is typical on many microcomputers.

Color Map - The list of definitions of each color  used  in  a  GIF  image.
   These  desired  colors are converted to available colors through a table
   which is derived by assigning an incoming color index (from  the  image)
   to  an  output  color  index  (of  the  hardware).   While the color map
   definitons are specified in a GIF image, the output  pixel  colors  will
   vary  based  on  the  hardware used and its ability to match the defined
   color.

Interlace - The method of displaying a GIF image in which  multiple  passes
   are  made,  outputting  raster  lines  spaced  apart to provide a way of
   visualizing the general content of an entire image  before  all  of  the
   data has been processed.

B Protocol - A CompuServe-developed error-correcting file transfer protocol
   available  in  the  public  domain  and implemented in CompuServe VIDTEX
   products.  This error checking mechanism will be used  in  transfers  of
   GIF images for interactive applications.

LZW - A sophisticated data compression algorithm  based  on  work  done  by
   Lempel-Ziv  &  Welch  which  has  the feature of very efficient one-pass
   encoding and decoding.  This allows the image  to  be  decompressed  and
   displayed  at  the  same  time.   The  original  article from which this
   technique was adapted is:

          Terry  A.   Welch,  "A  Technique  for  High   Performance   Data
          Compression", IEEE Computer, vol 17 no 6 (June 1984)

        This basic algorithm is also used in the  public  domain  ARC  file
   compression  utilities.   The  CompuServe  adaptation  of LZW for GIF is
   described in Appendix C.





















Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                   Page 10
Appendix B - Interactive Sequences


           GIF Sequence Exchanges for an Interactive Environment


        The following sequences are defined for use  in  mediating  control
   between a GIF sender and GIF receiver over an interactive communications
   line.  These  sequences  do  not  apply  to  applications  that  involve
   downloading  of  static  GIF  files and are not considered part of a GIF
   file.

 GIF CAPABILITIES ENQUIRY

        The GCE sequence is issued from a host and requests an  interactive
   GIF  decoder  to  return  a  response  message that defines the graphics
   parameters for the decoder.  This involves returning  information  about
   available screen sizes, number of bits/color supported and the amount of
   color detail supported.  The escape sequence for the GCE is defined as:

        ESC [ > 0 g     (g is lower case, spaces inserted for clarity)
                         (0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x30 0x67)


 GIF CAPABILITIES RESPONSE

        The GIF Capabilities Response message is returned by an interactive
   GIF  decoder  and  defines  the  decoder's  display capabilities for all
   graphics modes that are supported by the software.  Note that  this  can
   also include graphics printers as well as a monitor screen.  The general
   format of this message is:


     #version;protocol{;dev, width, height, color-bits, color-res}... <CR>

   '#'          - GCR identifier character (Number Sign)
   version      - GIF format version number;  initially '87a'
   protocol='0' - No end-to-end protocol supported by decoder
                  Transfer as direct 8-bit data stream.
   protocol='1' - Can use an error correction protocol to transfer GIF data
               interactively from the host directly to the display.

   dev = '0'    - Screen parameter set follows
   dev = '1'    - Printer parameter set follows

   width        - Maximum supported display width in pixels
   height       - Maximum supported display height in pixels
   color-bits   - Number of  bits  per  pixel  supported.   The  number  of
               supported colors is therefore 2**color-bits.
   color-res    - Number of bits  per  color  component  supported  in  the
               hardware  color  palette.   If  color-res  is  '0'  then  no
               hardware palette table is available.


        Note that all values in the  GCR  are  returned  as  ASCII  decimal
   numbers and the message is terminated by a Carriage Return character.















Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                   Page 11
Appendix B - Interactive Sequences


        The  following   GCR   message   describes   three   standard   EGA
   configurations  with  no  printer;  the GIF data stream can be processed
   within an error correcting protocol:

        #87a;1 ;0,320,200,4,0 ;0,640,200,2,2 ;0,640,350,4,2<CR>


 ENTER GIF GRAPHICS MODE

        Two sequences are currently defined to invoke  an  interactive  GIF
   decoder into action.  The only difference between them is that different
   output media are selected.  These sequences are:

     ESC [ > 1 g   Display GIF image on screen
                   (0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x31 0x67)

     ESC [ > 2 g   Display image directly to an attached graphics  printer.
                   The  image  may optionally be displayed on the screen as
                   well.
                   (0x1B 0x5B 0x3E 0x32 0x67)

        Note that the 'g' character terminating each sequence is  in  lower
   case.


 INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENT

        The assumed environment for the transmission of GIF image data from
   an  interactive  application  is  a  full 8-bit data stream from host to
   micro.  All 256 character codes must be transferrable.  The establishing
   of  an 8-bit data path for communications will normally be taken care of
   by the host application programs.  It is however  up  to  the  receiving
   communications programs supporting GIF to be able to receive and pass on
   all 256 8-bit codes to the GIF decoder software.










Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                   Page 12
Appendix C - Image Packaging & Compression


        The Raster Data stream that represents the actual output image  can
   be represented as:

         7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
        +---------------+
        |   code size   | 
        +---------------+     ---+
        |blok byte count|        |
        +---------------+        |
        :               :        +-- Repeated as many times as necessary
        |  data bytes   |        |
        :               :        |
        +---------------+     ---+
        . . .       . . .
        +---------------+
        |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|       zero byte count (terminates data stream)
        +---------------+

        The conversion of the image from a series  of  pixel  values  to  a
   transmitted or stored character stream involves several steps.  In brief
   these steps are:

   1.  Establish the Code Size -  Define  the  number  of  bits  needed  to
       represent the actual data.

   2.  Compress the Data - Compress the series of image pixels to a  series
       of compression codes.

   3.  Build a Series of Bytes - Take the  set  of  compression  codes  and
       convert to a string of 8-bit bytes.

   4.  Package the Bytes - Package sets of bytes into blocks  preceeded  by
       character counts and output.



ESTABLISH CODE SIZE

        The first byte of the GIF Raster Data stream is a value  indicating
   the minimum number of bits required to represent the set of actual pixel
   values.  Normally this will be the same as the  number  of  color  bits.
   Because  of  some  algorithmic constraints however, black & white images
   which have one color bit must be indicated as having a code size  of  2.
   This  code size value also implies that the compression codes must start
   out one bit longer.


COMPRESSION

        The LZW algorithm converts a series of data values into a series of
   codes  which may be raw values or a code designating a series of values.
   Using text characters as an analogy,  the  output  code  consists  of  a
   character or a code representing a string of characters.















Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                   Page 13
Appendix C - Image Packaging & Compression


        The LZW algorithm used in  GIF  matches  algorithmically  with  the
   standard LZW algorithm with the following differences:

   1.  A   special   Clear   code   is    defined    which    resets    all
       compression/decompression parameters and tables to a start-up state.
       The value of this code is 2**<code size>.  For example if  the  code
       size  indicated  was 4 (image was 4 bits/pixel) the Clear code value
       would be 16 (10000 binary).  The Clear code can appear at any  point
       in the image data stream and therefore requires the LZW algorithm to
       process succeeding codes as if  a  new  data  stream  was  starting.
       Encoders  should output a Clear code as the first code of each image
       data stream.

   2.  An End of Information code is defined that explicitly indicates  the
       end  of  the image data stream.  LZW processing terminates when this
       code is encountered.  It must be the last code output by the encoder
       for an image.  The value of this code is <Clear code>+1.

   3.  The first available compression code value is <Clear code>+2.

   4.  The output codes are of variable length, starting  at  <code size>+1
       bits  per code, up to 12 bits per code.  This defines a maximum code
       value of 4095 (hex FFF).  Whenever the LZW code value  would  exceed
       the  current  code length, the code length is increased by one.  The
       packing/unpacking of these codes must then be altered to reflect the
       new code length.


BUILD 8-BIT BYTES

        Because the LZW compression  used  for  GIF  creates  a  series  of
   variable  length  codes, of between 3 and 12 bits each, these codes must
   be reformed into a series of 8-bit bytes that  will  be  the  characters
   actually stored or transmitted.  This provides additional compression of
   the image.  The codes are formed into a stream of bits as if  they  were
   packed  right to left and then picked off 8 bits at a time to be output.
   Assuming a character array of 8 bits per character and using 5 bit codes
   to be packed, an example layout would be similar to:

         byte n       byte 5   byte 4   byte 3   byte 2   byte 1
        +-.....-----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
        | and so on |hhhhhggg|ggfffffe|eeeedddd|dcccccbb|bbbaaaaa|
        +-.....-----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

        Note that the physical  packing  arrangement  will  change  as  the
   number  of  bits per compression code change but the concept remains the
   same.

PACKAGE THE BYTES

        Once the bytes have been created, they are grouped into blocks  for
   output by preceeding each block of 0 to 255 bytes with a character count
   byte.  A block with a zero byte count terminates the Raster Data  stream
   for  a  given  image.  These blocks are what are actually output for the














Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                   Page 14
Appendix C - Image Packaging & Compression


   GIF image.  This block format has the side effect of allowing a decoding
   program  the  ability to read past the actual image data if necessary by
   reading block counts and then skipping over the data.

















Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)                                   Page 15
Appendix D - Multiple Image Processing


        Since a  GIF  data  stream  can  contain  multiple  images,  it  is
   necessary  to  describe  processing and display of such a file.  Because
   the image descriptor allows  for  placement  of  the  image  within  the
   logical  screen,  it is possible to define a sequence of images that may
   each be a partial screen, but in total  fill  the  entire  screen.   The
   guidelines for handling the multiple image situation are:

   1.  There is no pause between images.  Each is processed immediately  as
       seen by the decoder.

   2.  Each image explicitly overwrites any image  already  on  the  screen
       inside  of  its window.  The only screen clears are at the beginning
       and end of the  GIF  image  process.   See  discussion  on  the  GIF
       terminator.




UPLOADED 10-May-1997
by: "Glenn P.," <C128User@GTI.Net>

                               Information File:
                          ***** THE GOLDEN KEY *****

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: MacDonald, George (b.10-Dec-1824, d.18-Sep-1905):
==================================================================
     Scottish novelist and poet, writer of fantasies for children. He served
briefly as a Congregationalist minister, but spent most of his life in England
as a lecturer and writer. Among his best-known works for children is "The
Golden Key" (1868); others include "At the Back of the North Wind" (1871) and
"The Princess and Curdie" (1883). He also wrote two allegorical fantasies for
adults: "Phantastes" (1858) and "Lillith" (1895).

                          *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *

FILE DESCRIPTION:
================
     I have uploaded to CompuServe, in the Commodore Applications Forum
(CIS:CBMAPP) the full text to "The Golden Key", in two separate ".SDA" files.
The first of these, "GKEY-ALL.SDA", is simply the entire text conveyed as a
Self-Dissolving Archive of one large textfile. The second, "GKEY-IN3.SDA",
is a Self-Dissolving Archive of almost the exact same text, but split into
three separae textfiles of a size that is far more likely to fit within the
average Commodore-based word processor. In both cases the story has been
stored in ordinary, plain-vanilla 80-column Commodore PETASCII.


GENERAL INFORMATION:
===================
     The full title of this story is "The Golden Key: A Boy And A Girl In The
Garden Of Eden", by George MacDonald.

               "The Golden Key": TABLE of CONTENTS
               ===================================
               Chapter    I: Where The Rainbow Ends
  PART ONE     Chapter   II: Two Runaways
               Chapter  III: The Air-Fish & Grandmother
               Chapter   IV: The Language of Nature
               -----------------------------------------
               Chapter    V: The Arrival of Mossy
  PART TWO     Chapter   VI: A Sea of Shadows
               Chapter  VII: The Old Man of the Sea
               -----------------------------------------
               Chapter VIII: The Old Man of the Earth
  PART THREE   Chapter   IX: The Old Man of the Fire
               Chapter    X: From Where the Shadows Fall

     Take note that if you download "GKEY-ALL.SDA", the file will *NOT* be
split into parts.


FILE STATISTICS:
===============
     As is my custom, I have numbered all of the lines in the story for the
greater convenience of the reader. Chapter headings, introductory material,
blank lines, etc., are NOT numbered, so the relation between the count of
STORY lines and the TOTAL number of lines in the file tends to be rather
tenuous.

     Here are the various file statistics:

IN "GKEY-ALL.SDA":                    The 32-bit CRC for "GKEY-ALL.SDA"
=================                         is: 1585702889.
Size, Bytes: 37,845
Disk Blocks:    149
     "GKEY.ALL"                       The 32-bit CRC for "GKEY.ALL"
          Size, Bytes: 84,596             is: 347128931.
          Disk Blocks:    334
          -------------------
          Story Lines:  1,653
          Other Lines:    326
          Total Lines:  1,979


IN "GKEY-IN3.SDA":                    The 32-bit CRC for "GKEY-IN3.SDA"
=================                         is: 357364718.
Size, Bytes: 38,353
Disk Blocks:    151
     "GKEY.PART1"                     The 32-bit CRC for "GKEY.PART1"
          Size, Bytes: 31,783             is: 2872829618.
          Disk Blocks:    126
          -------------------
          Story Lines:    593
          Other Lines:    152
          Total Lines:    745

     "GKEY.PART2"                     The 32-bit CRC for "GKEY.PART2"
          Size, Bytes: 29,133             is: 2594763542.
          Disk Blocks:    115
          -------------------
          Story Lines:    582
          Other Lines:    100
          Total Lines:    682

     "GKEY.PART3"                     The 32-bit CRC for "GKEY.PART3"
          Size, Bytes: 24,251             is: 3767761762.
          Disk Blocks:     96
          -------------------
          Story Lines:    478
          Other Lines:     94
          Total Lines:    572


EXTRACTION:
==========
     Although these are COMPRESSED files, you won't need any special program
or decompressor to extract them; these are "Self-Dissolving" ARChives, or
".SDA"'s -- the decompressor program is built in! Just LOAD and RUN each file
as if it were an ordinary BASIC program. Insert a formatted disk into drive
Device #8 that has at least 340 blocks free on it, press the RETURN key, when
ready, and the textfiles will be decompressed and written to that disk, all
automatically.


CRC CHECKSUMS:
=============
     The CRC checksums given above aren't strictly necessary, since the ARC
program which compressed these files itself checksums each and every file it
compresses, and the built-in decompressor verifies each file as it is being
decompressed. However, for those who desire a more rigorous test of file
integrity, download or otherwise obtain the "CRC32" program (not included --
you must obtain it separately) and run it on whichever file you wish to
verify, then compare the result you get against the appropriate CRC checksum
given above. If the numbers match, then the file is correct. Otherwise there's
an error someplace.

     IMPORTANT!: Dowloading via XModem will generally add *padding* to the end
of the file; this invariably CHANGES the CRC that results when the file is
tested. If you are testing a file AFTER it is dissolved, you don't have to
worry about padding -- there won't be any. But if you will be testing the
".SDA" file itself after downloading, then padding is a concern. If possible,
always REMOVE any such padding before testing; otherwise your file is just
about GUARANTEED to generate an erroneous CRC checksum (a "false negative").
The padding generally consists of a series of repeated Control-Z's (ASCII
026, decimal) at the end of the file.


MISCELLANEOUS:
=============
     One editing note -- during the story, a tale by the name of "Silverhair"
is mentioned. This proves to be simply "Goldilocks And The Three Bears", and
since I found reading about "Silverhair" instead of "Goldilocks" to be quite
jarring, I substituted our familiar "Goldilocks" for "Silverhair". Other than
this, the story comes to you almost verbatim.

     A considerably shorter version of this information file precedes the
first Chapter in both ".SDA" versions of this story.


STORY SAMPLE:
============
     Here is the FIRST CHAPTER of "The Golden Key"; by it you may judge for
yourself whether the rest of the story is worth the download.

"The Golden Key: A Boy And A Girl In The Garden Of Eden",
by George MacDonald.

[SAMPLE: Chapter I Only.]

Chapter I: Where The Rainbow Ends

0001:               There was a boy who used to sit in
0002:          the twilight and listen to his
0003:          great-aunt's stories.

0004:               She told him that if he could
0005:          reach the place where the end of the
0006:          rainbow stands he would find there a
0007:          golden key.

0008:               "And what is the key for?" the boy
0009:          would ask. "What is it the key of? What
0010:          will it open?"

0011:               "That nobody knows," his aunt
0012:          would reply. "He has to find that out."

0013:               "I suppose, being gold," the boy
0014:          once said, thoughtfully, "that I could
0015:          get a good deal of money for it if I
0016:          sold it."

0017:               "Better never find it than sell
0018:          it," returned his aunt.

0019:               And then the boy went to bed and
0020:          dreamed about the golden key.

0021:               Now all that his great-aunt told
0022:          the boy about the golden key would have
0023:          been nonsense, had it not been that
0024:          their little house stood on the borders
0025:          of Fairyland. For it is perfectly well
0026:          known that out of Fairyland nobody ever
0027:          can find where the rainbow stands. The
0028:          creature takes such good care of its
0029:          golden key, always flitting from place
0030:          to place, lest any one should find it!
0031:          But in Fairyland it is quite different.
0032:          Things that look real in this country
0033:          ook very thin indeed in Fairyland,
0034:          while some of the things that here
0035:          cannot stand still for a moment, will
0036:          not move there. So it was not in the
0037:          least absurd of the old lady to tell
0038:          her nephew such things about the
0039:          golden key.

0040:               "Did you ever know anybody find
0041:          it?" he asked, one evening.

0042:               "Yes. Your father, I believe,
0043:          found it."

0044:               "And what did he do with it, can
0045:          you tell me?"

0046:               "He never told me."

0047:               "What was it like?"

0048:               "He never showed it to me."

0049:               "How does a new key come there
0050:          always?"

0051:               "I don't know. There it is."

0052:               "Perhaps it is the rainbow's egg!"

0053:               "Perhaps it is. You will be a
0054:          happy boy if you find the nest."

0055:               "Perhaps it comes tumbling down
0056:          the rainbow from the sky."

0057:               "Perhaps it does."

[Chapter One Ends Here.]

     Are you sufficiently intrigued? What IS this "golden key"? Does the boy
ever find it? AND WHAT IS IT THE KEY TO...?   ;)


COPYRIGHT:
=========
     This E-Text is in the Public Domain.

>>>>> End of Text <<<<<


****************************************           NEW BASIC COMMAND
    Program by:
                                               Paul Van Camp
       Microcomputer Users Group  (MUG)
       P.O. Box 2382
       Grand Junction colo. 81501
                                                                                    Uploaded by :
                                                                                     Shawn Williamson
                                             Compuserve    70436,612

(the following text taked from the MUG   news letter,OVERFLOW.)

     If Apple users want to print infor-mation at a certain place on the screen, they use the comands HTAB & VTAB. Some-one using a Radio Shack computer would  use the command PRINT@.  Unfortunately,  Commodore has no similar built-in comm-and. Instead, a Commodore programmer    must put a print statement in the program including a cursor home command fol-   lowed by a series of cursor down and   right commands. This is not only very    hard to read in a program,  but it also wastes memory.
 This program adds a command to Commodore Basic.  This command is called 'GO'   and ha	the format GO x,y. For example,  if you want to print something on the  screen at line 5, column 10, yo would   use a program line like:

10 GO 10,5:print "whatever"

The numbers may be substituted with any numeric variable or numeric expression.

10 GO x*3+1,y:print"whatever"

     The filst number must be in the    range 0-39, and the second must be in    the range 0-24.  As with any other      Basic Command, using the incorrect numbers or wrong syntax will cause an error.
     After runing the program 	 will    erase itself but the go command will   remain in memory untill the commputer is shut off.


     This progam donated to the public- domain by the author. It may not be sold but may be freely given.
     The author recomends that you merge this program with others that you write to make your programming a little      easier.
     Also, if you do use his program in your own, please give him credit for it in your program listing.
       
     All comments and/or  questions may  be directed to:
     	awn Williamson   70436,612
==========================================================================

                    GoDot - C64 Image Processing System

==========================================================================

                          Demonstration Version
                        (c) Magna Media Verlag AG
                             Munich,Germany

==========================================================================

                            NO WARRANTY

1. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

2. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.


  This archive contains a full working copy of the program, but lacks the
ability to export your work. The complete version will be distributed on
on the Magna Media C64 CD ROM in 1995. If you can`t wait to get hold of a
full working version, contact

                            ERDEM Development
                            Postfach 1823
                            D-84471 Waldkraiburg
                            Germany

                            Tel.: 08638-967070
                            Fax : 08638-967055

                 order      "64`er Sonderdiskette `93"
                            Bestell-Nr. 11401

                            Price: ca. 20,- DM + P&P

 Programmers ask for an optional package containing all sources and a
 printed reference guide.

 The documentation and tutorials for GoDot have been published in the
 german magazine "64er".

 Please read the `Savers` section for information about export modules.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

 How to install the GoDot Demo Package
 -------------------------------------

The files in the archive are selfextracting programs. You need to transfer
them to a 15xx disk, then load them as a basic program. Be shure to have a
blank, formatted disk before running them.

 System requirements
 -------------------

GoDot needs at least a C64 and a 15xx or compatible floppy drive (incl.
any type of CMD drive). It will also work with a C128(D) in C64 mode
and can take advantage of the VDC ram (16 or 64k). Additional drives are
recognized and supported, as is any type of CBM ram expansion units. The
Pagefox module ram is the only third party ram type currently supported,
there are special modules to launch the Pagefox software from the GoDot
program without loosing your work. Additional ram may be used as a data
backup buffer (not VDC16k), as alternative visual output (VDC only) and/
or as silicon disk for the program`s modules (CBM REUs only).Some modules
to support third party in/output hardware such as scanners, video digiti-
zers and printers (9-24pin, color and b/w) are available as part of the
GoDot package, others as public domain or shareware. GoDot can be used by
mouse, joystick or keyboard.

Pagefox is (c) Scanntronik

 The GoDot GUI
 -------------

If you know ART DEPARTMENT PROFESSIONAL (c) by Elastic Reality, it will
be easy for you to use GoDot because it uses a similar GUI layout. If
you don`t, go and buy it, it is a wonderful peace ;-) of software with
many functions not found in many so called high end software packages.


  +--------------------------------+--------------+---------------+
  |               install loader   | redisplay    | program info  |
  +-----------------------------------------------+---------------+
  |               install saver    | load picture | save picture  |
  +--------------------------------+              +---------------+
  |                                |              | end program   |
  |         +----------------------+------------------------------+
  |         |  change dither type  |                              |
  +--------------------------------+                              |
  |    activate balancing window   |              +---------------+
  +--------------------------------+              |               |
  |    activate palette window     |              |   picture     |
  +--------------------------------+              |   preview     |
  | toggle  display mode           |              |               |
  +--------------------------------+--------------+---------------+
  |                | colors used   |                              |
  |                +---------------+------------------------------+
  |                | clip on/off   |          install module      |
  +----------------+---------------+------------------------------+
  |     render new display         |   execute module             |
  +--------------------------------+------------------------------+



 Understanding GoDot
 -------------------

The software consists of different types of files, all being handled by
a main program routine.

- godot            : launches the system, the launch drive (8-11) will be
                     set as SYStem drive, unless a REU was recognized
- god.ini          : editable preferences
- god.main         : yep!
- god.set          : program data
- god.upmem        : the render routines
- dev.REU          : the ram disk device handler
- ini.blah         : optional preferences file 
                     may be used by `LOAD"GODOT",8:"BLAH"
                     ...yes it works, and it would have worked in 1983 !

 Loaders
 -------

To import pictures, GoDot needs at least one loader module (LDR.BLAH).
There are loaders for C64 type pictures such as Koala, Doodle and other
commercial paint packages, but also for several file types generated by
some editors using enhanced display routines (FLI/IFLI).
GoDot has access to foreign file types as well, currently supported are
Amiga ILBM (2-4096 colors), PCX (2-256 colors) and Atari Degas (2 colors)
Once data has been stored in the GoDot 4BIT format, it can be reimported
via the 4BIT loaders while being merged, overlayed or mixed with existing
pictures.

 Savers
 ------

To export pictures, GoDot needs at least one saver module (SVR.BLAH).
The demonstration version contains only the saver for the internal GoDot
4BIT file format, the full package will provide savers for

           - CBM hires and multicolor bitmaps
           - Koala
           - Doodle
           - Geos
           - Plus4 multicolor
           - Amiga ILBM
           - PCX
           - various (I)FLI types
           - and many others ...

 Modules
 -------

The whole picture data is stored in a 32000 byte buffer, containing a
320 x 200 16 color image. Actually GoDot is using 16 shades of gray, but
as every c64 color is assigned to a gray level, colors may also be
processed by special modules. If the saturation level of your monitor
or TV set is turned down to a minimum, only 9 different levels of gray
can be identified, a fact some software developers should have thought of.
The image data can now be processed by different modules (MOD.BLAH).
There are some modules providing functions as seen on high level image
processing systems (look at the mighty convolve module), but also C64
specific modules for enhancing visual output.

 Well...
 -------

For additional information see the c64 format readme module. From now on,
you are on your own. Feel free to fiddle around with all supplied modules,
try to create beautyful pictures never seen on your C64. If you like it
and you do want more, buy the whole package. The development has not been
stopped, and there are a bunch of third party programmers who have already
produced some amazing add-ons such as a direct Amiga-C64 transfer module
and a SIRDS generator. If you have any suggestions, don`t hesitate to
contact us (see the GoDot readme module).


 BONUS! BONUS! BONUS!
 --------------------

As you might have noticed, some modules are marked with a point. These are
SYStem modules, because they do not change any image data, but the system
parameters.

           - .PatternEd        will modify the dither pattern
           - .NewPointer       will install a new mouse pointer
           - .FirstDrive       will change the system path
           - .FileType         will try to identify a chosen file

and...     - .FileCopy         is a two (any type) drive filecopy program





THIS DOCUMENT IS A ONE PASS WORK. AS I AM NOT A NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKER,
THERE MAY BE SOME PARTS WHICH NEED CORRECTIONS. DO IT IF YOU THINK YOU
HAVE TO, BUT DON`T TELL ME !




             Have Fun With GoDot!


                                        Wolfgang Kling & Arndt Dettke


The GRAPH system is designed to 
interface directly with CAD Version 2.2D
and later. You will notice many 
similarities between the two and, in 
fact, GRAPH does a lot of preparation 
that is not necessary for GRAPH but is 
necessary for moving from GRAPH to CAD.

To use the package LOAD and RUN "boot" 
from the GRAPH disk. The system will 
prompt you for the file disk drive. If 
you are using a two drive system the 
package will assume the file disk is the
drive that boot was NOT loaded from. If 
you are using a single drive system 
answer this prompt with the drive number
(normally 8). If you wish, you may 
change the default to a single drive 
configuration by listing boot and 
changing the definition of 'd1' in the 
second line of the program. This line is
REMed to show you what to change. The 
system will then load three support 
packages and prompt if you wish the 
present screen erased. The default will 
NOT erase the screen. You are then taken
to the main menu.

Bar graphs -> These routines will draw a
set of bar graphs either horizontally or
vertically. You can overlay as many as 
three sets of bars on the same graph. 
The system will prompt for the maximum 
value for the graph. This value must be 
at least as large as the largest value 
for the bars. If you wish, it may be 
larger...but if any of the bar values 
exceeds this value the system will 
return to this prompt and you will have 
to re-enter all data from this point on.
So make sure this is the largest value 
you enter. The system will then prompt 
for how many bars. Simply enter the 
number of bars you intend the graph to 
have. The system will next prompt for 
the layer. This feature allows you to 
draw bars on top of each other. Each 
layer is offset by a small amount from 
the previous layer. You should first 
draw layer #1, then #2, then #3. It is 
not necessary to use all three layers, 
and note that for each layer you must 
enter all the previous data again. After
you have entered the above information 
the system will go to the hires screen 
and draw the graph. When done...the 
system will remain in the hires screen 
until you press a key. To enter another 
set of bars press the same key you used 
to enter the routine initially ('b' or 
'B'). Note that you may switch hires 
screens with '!' and draw on the other 
hires screen. The graph drawn on the 
first hires screen is stored safely 
away, and can be recalled by pressing 
'!' again.

Pie charts -> This routine will draw a 
pie chart from the information you 
supply. You will be asked for the number
of segments and the percent for each 
segment. Note that the segment 
percentages must add up to 100%. The 
system will not ask for the last segment
percent, it will assume that whatever is
left of the circle is the last segment.

Functions -> The function routines will 
allow you to plot a function you enter. 
This function must be entered as a valid
BASIC equation. The routine re-programs 
itself to include this formula in the 
program. If the formula is not a valid 
BASIC equation the routine WILL crash in
the hires mode, and you will have to 
restart the program. The following are 
examples of valid equations to enter at 
the prompt:

3*x^2   try an x limit of 10 and a y 
limit of 300
sin(x)  try x limit of 6 and y limit of 
2
log(x)  try x limit of 3 and y limit of 
2

Any equation that can be entered in a 
BASIC program will work.
The only variable allowed in the 
equation is 'x'.

All BASIC functions should be 
permissible.
This routine can cause major headaches 
and if you are not familiar with 
programming in BASIC perhaps these 
routines are better left alone.

The print, load, and save routines are 
exactly the same as the commands for 
CAD. The routines for the Gemini printer
should support most Epson clones.

The major attraction of the GRAPH 
package is that it supports a direct 
interface with CAD. To use this 
interface choose 'C' from the menu. This
routine will set up some important 
pointers and variables for CAD and then 
prompt you to place the CAD disk in the 
drive and press a key. You can also go 
directly from CAD to GRAPH simply by 
putting the GRAPH disk in the drive and 
pressing a key. Make sure the CAD system
is not preparing to access the drive 
before you remove the CAD disk. You can 
safely exchange the disks when viewing 
any menu in the CAD system. If you go 
from CAD to the GRAPH system and draw a 
graph it is necessary to use 'C' to 
return to CAD as the variables and 
pointers mentioned before are destroyed 
by GRAPH.

In the event of a system crash press run
/stop-restore. The screen should blank. 
You will not be able to see the cursor 
or what you type so CAREFULLY enter the 
following:

sys64738

and press return. The computer should 
reset to a power-on condition. If you do
this without turning off the computer 
your hires screen should be intact. Just
load and run the boot program and pick 
up where you left off.

If you encounter any problems with the 
package or have any suggestions 
concerning improvements please pass them
along.

Any typographical errors in this 
document are the fault of my new Tandy 
102, not my battle-scarred veteran 
Commodore.

Steve Nye
70366,1316


MicroProse Gunship Demo

opening music can be terminated with space bar

narrative begins inside cockpit
- looking north, compass heading 000 degrees (lower left)
- primary objective is at 307 degrees (shown under compass heading)
- turn on engines, engage rotor
- lift off, turn left toward objective
- video camera mounted outside detects potential target
- video display (CRT) shows American M-2 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle
- when M-2 Bradley first shows on CRT it is .6 km away and magnified x 32 
- fly over at altitude of about 60 feet, airspeed of about 165 knots
- altimeter is to right of CRT display; airspeed indicator is to left
- next targets are enemy units, BMP-1 Infantry Combat Vehicles
- select and arm Hellfire air-to-ground missiles
- Hellfire is laser-guided where gunner looks, rectangle on forward view
- launch Hellfires at both BMP-1s
- check map, cross-hairs cover objective; red = enemy; white = friendly
- cross-hairs can be moved with joystick for navigating to other points
- launch Hellfire at T-72 tank
- single-pulse tone warns that enemy missile has been launched at you
- red I light says that approaching mis	le is IR (infra-red, heat) seeking
- approaching missile appears on threat display, lower right
- launch Hellfire at another T-72 tank
- threat display changes scale as missile approaches
- oscillating tone confirms that IR jammer is activated
- green light next to I indicates IR jammer is on
- jammed missile continues flying straight, misses behind you
- launch missile at third T-72
- red R flashes warning that enemy radar is tracking you
- single-pulse tone warns that another enemy missile has been laun	ed
- oscillating tone confirms that radar jammer is activated
- green light next to R indicates radar jammer is on
- radio message advises primary target is destroyed
- single-pulse tone warns that a third enemy missile has been launched
- enemy ground guns hit, light overhead shows which system is damaged
- drop a flare to decoy IR missiles
- flashing red R indicates enemy radar still trying to track you
- flak from enemy ground guns explodes ahead
- launch Hellfire at fourth T-72
- launch Hellfire at ZS	23-4 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
- enemy ground fire hits
- light above windshield shows 30 mm gun is damaged
- radio message advises secondary target is destroyed
- select 30 mm cannon, aims via eye piece on gunner's helmet
- cannon fires where gunner looks, shown on forward view by rectangle
- fire cannon while diving at BMP-1; shots miss
- anti- aircraft flak is visible ahead
- drop another flare to decoy IR missiles
- anti-aircraft fire hits
- single-pulse tones warn of more missiles being launch	 at you
- fly over American M-1 Abrams battle tank
- hills ahead visible on map
- return to base
- touch down hard at 1000 ft/min (vertical speed indicator below altimeter)
- shut down engines
- a lot has happened in 5 minutes 46 seconds





                 
                           H A C K E R            Sept 19, 1988     
                           -----------
                        The Magma Project                            
                     
                     Solution By Eric Tremblay
                     Compuserve I.D. 73117,460

When  you first look at the game you think to yourself  "This  is 
going to be easy" but you soon find out that it not as simple  as 
it looks.  The biggest question that everyone asks is what do the   
orientals want?  Well you will soon find out in the solution that   
follows this text.

       For future enjoyment there is the sequel  from  Activision 
called Hacker II.  If its available for your computer. 


    And now the Solution:
 
    Logon: AUSTRALIA         
                             
    Security Check
    --------------
    Level 1: MAGMA, LTD.
    Level 2: AXD-0311479 (in some versions, AXD-0310479)
    Level 3: HYDRAULIC
    Level 4: AUSTRALIA


    Items that you exchange for a piece of document
    ------------------------------------------------
                   Proper Item:      Will Take:
    Swiss          Cash $5000.00
    Egypt          Chronograph       (Swiss Chalet)
    Greece         statue of Tut     (Emerald Scarab)
    India          Emerald Scarab
    New York       Swiss Chalet
    Japan          Stocks & Bonds
    China          Cultured Pearls   (Stocks & Bonds)
    Carrabean      Jade Carving      (Swiss Chalet)
    London         35mm              (Chronograph)
    San Francisco  Beatles album



    Items for sale in different countrys
    ------------------------------------
  
        Item                Price     Buy  Country
        ****                *****     ***  *******
    Swiss Chalet            $9500.00  yes  Swiss
    Chronograph             $200.00   yes  Swiss
    Emerald scarab          $1500.00  yes  Egypt
    Statuette of Tut        $1000.00  yes  Egypt
    Ancient artifact        $1000.00  no   Greece
    Grecian Urn             $1000.00  no   Greece
    The star of India       $5000.00  no   India
    Jeweled lamp            $1000.00  no   India
    3KT Diamond             $2000.00  no   New York
    Stocks & Bonds          $2000.00  yes  New York
    Cultured Pearls         $300.00   yes  Japan
    35mm Camera             $300.00   yes  Japan
    Ming Vase               $2000.00  no   China
    Jade Carving            $2000.00  yes  China
    Spanish Doubloons       $500.00   no   Carrabean
    Treasure Map            $700.00   no   Carrabean
    Beatles album           $900.00   yes  London
    Crown jewels            $9500.00  no   London
    Gold nuggets            $1500.00  no   San Francisco
    49er tickets            $200.00   no   San Francisco

                                  
                            Under Ground Map
                            ----------------

                * *************** *** *****************  8  
                * *             * * * *             * *
                * * ******************O *** ***L*** * *  7
                * *                     * * *     * * *
                * *N***J* ***** *F* *W*** * ****S *G* *  6
                *   *   * *   * *         * * * * * * *
                *   *   ********************* * * *E* *I 5
                *   *               *         * * *   *      Grid 
                ***** ***** *****   * C******** * * ***  4   21X8
                *   * *   * *   *   * *         * * *
                * ******************* * ******* * * * *  3
                * * * *     *   *   * * *       * * * *
                * *** **A   *** ***** * **T****** * * *  2
                *   *         *       *           * * *   
                ************* ********************* ***  1
               
                1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

           E=Egypt L=London S=Swiss W=Washington C=Carrabean
           F=San Francisco  J=Japan N=China      O=New York
           I=India A=Australia      G=Greece T=Starting Point 


     Step by Step
     ------------

    This  step  by step solution is for the  under  ground  tunnel 
system  only and not every move you have to make in the  game  is 
here  but only the steps you have to make in the  tunnel  system. 
When  you  see  E6 this means you turn East and make  6  step  by 
pressing  East  when  done  press GO and  continue  to  the  next 
instruction at the end of the steps you go UP and you are now  at 
the location specified. If you ever make an error or miss a  step
you will have to start over because you have to do this exactly.

   You start at T (Starting Point)
      go E6, N4  you are now in Swiss

   From S to E (Swiss to Egypt)
      W4, N1, E6, S2, E1 you are now in Egypt

   From E to G (Egypt to Greece)
     E1, N1, W1 you are now in Greece

   From G to I (Greece to India)
     E1, N2, E2, S3, E1 you are now in India

   From I to O (India to New York)
     W1, N3, W16, S1 you are now in New York

   From O to J (New York to Japan)
     W6, N1, W14, S2, E5 you are now in Japan

   From J to N (Japan to China)
     W4 you are now in China

   From N to C (China to Carrabean)
     E1,  S3,  E2, N1, E4, S1, E2, S1, E2, S1, E8, N3
     you are now in the Carrabean

   From C to L (Carrabean to London)
     E8, N2, W2, N1, E3 you are now in London

   From L to F (London to San Francisco)
     W3, S2, W12, N1, E1 you are now in San Francisco

   From F to W (San Francisco to Washington)
     W1, S1, E10, N2, W2, S1, W3 you are now in Washington

   Mission Complete congratulations HACKER

********* ********* ********* ********* ******** ********* ********* *********

 This additional information was uploaded by Ted Bernhardi.  It details a
set of procedures for playing an alternate version of Hacker that exists for
the 64 as well as other machines.  If the above steps do not work properly,
experiment with these below.

 Credit for these hints goes to Judy Clayton, written 1985.

********* ********* ********* ********* ******** ********* ********* *********

 [Note: Since this walkthru was written, a couple of changes were made in the
 game.]

 The order of the countries is the same, but the specific item for trading may
 differ in your version. The route from California to Washington, D.C. was
 changed for many machines, and you may need to get closer to the test site.
 The following route will work in at least two of the new versions:
        W1, S1, E10, N2, W2, S1, W3.
In addition, try to time your long trip west from England to California so the
satellite catches you after you are already moving.
                                       
  PASSWORDS:                            
  Level 1 Security Check: (Identify company name), MAGMA, LTD. 
  Level 2 Security Check: (Identify SRU Model Nr.), AX-0310479
  Level 3 Security Check: (Identify Motovator type), HYDRAULIC 
  Level 4 Security Check: (Location of Test Site),  AUSTRALIA.
                                       
  ORDER OF LOCATIONS:(to trade with spies)
      (1) Switzerland, (2) Egypt, (3) Greece, (4) India,
      (5) New York, (6) Japan,  (7) China, (8) Caribbean,
      (9) London, (10) San Francisco, and (11) Washington, D.C.
                                        
SPY REQUIREMENTS: What to give each spy and what you should buy from him.

(1) Switzerland: trade Money for Evidence; buy Chronograph and Deed to Chalet.
(2) Egypt: trade Chronograph for Evidence; buy Scarab and Statuette of Tut.
(3) Greece: trade Statuette of Tut for Evidence; buy Nothing.
(4) India: trade Scarab for Evidence; buy Nothing.
(5) New York: trade Deed to Swiss Chalet for Evidence; buy Uncut Diamond.
(6) Japan: trade Diamond for Evidence; buy Pearls and Camera.
(7) China: trade Pearls for Evidence; buy Jade Carving.
(8) Caribbean: trade Camera for Evidence; buy nothing.
(9) London: trade Jade Carving for Evidence; buy Beatles' Album.
(10) San Fransisco: trade Album for Evidence; buy Nothing.
(11) Washington, D.C.: Give all Evidence to Secret Agent; Reap your Reward.

RUNNING OUT OF TIME:  The best shortcut is a route from China to the Caribbean 
that actually (to me) looks longer but saves considerable time.
Counting each move, go South 6 from China to Australia.
Then work your way around Australia to the Lower Edge of the map by going:
East 4, North 2, East 4, South 2, East 2, South 2, East 2, and South 2.
Then go East 12 to the tip of S.America Then go North 6 to the Caribbean.


 
 
 
 
                        COMMODORE KEY COMMANDS
 
A AUTODIAL               L LOAD FILE TO BUFFER        W WAIT FOR CALL
B TOGGLE BUFFER          M MACRO WINDOW               > DOS WEDGE
C CONFIGURE              N SELECT BUFFER              = TOGGLE SPLIT SCREEN
D DOWNLOAD               Q QUIT                       ^ VIEW REVIEW BUFFER
E BUFFER EDITOR          R CLEAR BUFFER               * SET SYSTEM CLOCK
F SHOW F KEYS            S SAVE BUFFER                CRSR  RELEASE CURSOR
G SCREEN TO BUFFER       T TRANSMIT BUFFER            CLR CLEAR TERMINAL SCREEN
H HOOK CONTROL           U UPLOAD                     1-8 (TOP) BUFFER NUMBER
I INFO TRANSFER          V VIEW BUFFER
================================================================================
                             ALT COMMANDS
 
A INVOKE AUTO EXEC          N TOGGLE NON-VISIBLE        T TRANSMIT SINGLE LINE
B TOGGLE BUFFER TO DISK     P DUMP SCREEN TO PRINTER    V VIEW DISK FILE
I SEND MODEM INIT STRING    R RESET BUFFER TRANS PTR    W WRITE AUTO EXEC
L LOAD EXT FILE             S TOGGLE SECOND CBM SET     0-9 MACRO KEYS
                            RUN/STOP SE	 BREAK
================================================================================
ESC-P DELETE TO CRSR     ESC-Q DELETE FROM CRSR     ESC-@ DELETE REST OF SCREEN
               Hex2Bin- Compuserve Hex to Binary File Converter



          I originally wrote Hex2Bin so that I could read object files on
     Compuserve at a time when I didn't have any downloading capabilities.
     With a large enough capture buffer you can read CBTerm49.Bin and
     convert it into a useable form with Hex2Bin.
     
          When you read filename.BIN or filename.IMG on compuserve you will
     be looking at something a little like this: 1800000000801....  This
     Hexadecimal form of the file contains headers, and two hex bytes for
     every byte of the file. Therefor your capture buffer will need to be
     about two and a half times bigger than the actual object size of the
     file. You will also take significantly more connect time to read the
     file than you would need if you had Xmodem capabilities.

          The best use of this utility is to get a copy of CBTerm. CBTerm
     has Xmodem uploading and downloading capabilities. Chris Dos supports
     CBTerm version 4.5. CBTerm version 4.9 even allows you to Upload and
     Download over DataPac.
     
          Hex2Bin was written for use with 	e disk drive. You save the
     file you read into your capture buffer as a sequential file on disc.
     Hex2Bin then asks for the input filename- the name you saved it with,
     and the output filename- the name of the resulting object program you
     want to use. These names MUST be different. Hex2Bin reads and writes
     to the disk almost simultaneously- keeping two cahnnels open at the
     same time.
          Converting files to their object form in this method takes a
     considerable amount 	 time,but no save is needed when the program is
     done. Because Hex2Bin is very I/O bound compileing the program will
     not speed up the program with any significance, nor will removeing the
     Remarks, most of which never get executed.
          Hex2Bin lets you see the number of characters being written to
     the disk while it is running so that you can see that it is still
     busy.
     
          Hex2Bin.Seq is a textual form of this program. You can convert it
     to true Basic useing Tx	Bas- a short to type in Basic program to
     convert sequential Basic Programs to true Basic. When converting
     Hex2Bin to Basic respond N to the 'Upper Characters?' prompt in
     Txt2Bas. When Txt2Bas is finished the useable version of Hex2Bin will
     be in memory.
          To use Hex2Bin to read CBTerm you buffer will need about 30K of
     space. The terminal package I originally got with my Modem from
     Commodore- Teleterm/64 has sufficient space.
     
          Some Compuserve Binary file	converted with this utility may
     appear with an invalid line number at the start. In that case change
     the setting in line 380 from header=0 to header=1 and re-run the
     conversion. This causes the program to strip an extra header checksum
     occasionally passed in the first block of data.
          Hex2Bin.Seq is the textual form of this program. Hex2Bin.Bin is
     the tokenized Basic form.
          Remove the 'Rem' in line 520 once you are confident about
     purgeing the destination fil	whenever you run this program.
                         Tony Romer

   >>Hires Print Shop Graphics Set<<
     conversions by: Wayne Schmidt
 
 
This set of Print Shop Graphics has an interesting history. The original source
of the images is a set of Apple hires digitized pictures, many of which are
quite well known from printer ads ( SUE, KAREN, WINSTON, etc.) or demos. These
'migrated' over to the 64 and have appeared in many forms (2 TPUG hires disks,
CARDCO Super Utility, etc.). (I will be uploading the Doodle versions as well).
I converted them to Doodle format, centering, touching up a few, some coloring.
For some time I have been experimenting with a number of different kinds of
conversions of graphics screens to other formats. I wrote a program called
DDL>ALPHA.V1 (DDLALF in LIB 10) to convert Doodle format screens into
alphanumeric text pictures which can be printed with any printer (including
daisywheels). Screen data were reduced according to density to one of 16
characters. Many screens interpret quite reasonably in this way (the files can
be edited, if desired, in any wordprocessor/text editor), though some are just
too complex to read well as text pics. Chrisdos, former Sysop of CBIG, r	eased
a program called LPT2HR.* (LIB 10) which will do exactly the opposite,
converting alphanumeric text pictures into Doodle hires screens. It just so
happens that the 16 BLK .ALFpix rendered with DDL>ALPHA.V1 translate to an
image just about Print Shop graphics size. With my other conversion program,
(DDL-PS.* in LIB 10), these can be 'captured' as a Print Shop graphic.
These too retain a remarkable resemblance to the original full screen images.
This is what has been done with these Apple>64>Doodle>Al	anumeric>Doodle>PS
files. The Alphanumeric versions are also available as a set (HIRALF.BIN
ARChived with over 50% savings) and individually as ??????.ALF files in
LIB 7. This file is ARChived and contains 41 PS Graphics (non-CBM side).
The images include: Mathematically generated images (Spiral, Design, Sin/Cos);
a few pretty female faces (Diane, Sue and Karen-famous in printer ads); World
Maps; Dollar Bill; Micrometer; Watch; Microchips; Satellite; Toothpaste/Brush;
William Shakespeare; Winston Churchil	 Albert Einstein; Hopalong Cassidy &
more. Hope you like them. These are unedited and I will probably refine some
and upload those as well.
    .wayne schmidt. 6/86
    revised 9/89 Ed Flinn

#: 44040 S1/Forum Help  [CBMAPP]
    25-Sep-97  18:54:15
Sb: settings
Fm: Jeffrey Starai 76352,2460
To: [F] Sid Davis 102541,420

  Here are the changes to the Desterm setup for working with high-speed
modems. You also have to change the modem setup, enabling software flow
control (XON/ XOFF), disabling hardware flow control (RTS/CTS) and setting to
"locked baud ra e" or "locked port rate" or "fixed serial port rate".

-Protocol settings
  -Baud rate = 38400 for Swiftlink, Commport and Turbo 232, and 57600
               for Hartcart.
  -XON/XOFF  = Yes

-Modem settings
  -Hayes/1670 setup
   -Max baud rate  = 38400 for Swiftlink, Commport and Turbo 232, and
                     57600 for Hartcart.
   -Set connect rate = No
   -Initial sequence = See below

-Transfer options
  -Incoming XOFF = Honour

-Phone list
 -Baud rate = Max or 38400 for Swiftlink, Commport and Turbo 232, and
              57600 for Hartcart.

The initialization strings below configure the modem:

  For US Robotics Sportster modems:
  ATZ^m~~~AT &B1 &H2 &I2 &R1^m

For Boca and other modems using the Rockwell chipset:

  ATZ^m~~~~AT &K4^m

 You can also save the configuration to the modems NVRAM and use just ATZ^m
as the initialization string.


 Sometimes when you try to upload a file the transfer aborts and the BBS
seems frozen. That happens because of XON/XOFF. When it happens you have just
to press ^Q ( control-q ) and it'll be alive again.

  When the modem is set to XON/XOFF it acts on control characters 17 (XON)
(^Q) and 19 (XOFF) (^S) for controlling the data flow between the modem and
the computer. If the file you're trying to upload has a character 19 on it,
mainly binary and archived files, or the protocol itself sends a character 19
the modem interprets the character as a XOFF and stops recieving data until
it recieves a XON. So, before uploading you have to disable XON/XOFF in the
modem. First you have to put the modem in command mode by sending the escape
string, +++, then you send the command for disabling XON/XOFF, put the modem
back in online mode and do your upload. When the upload is finished you do
the same thing but you send the command for enabling XON/XOFF instead. It's
more easily done than explained. You can do what I do and put the commands in
function keys. This way you have just to press a few keys to have it done and
don't need to remember the commands.

The Sportster commands are:
 -Disable XON/XOFF: &I0
 -Enable XON/XOFF:  &I2
 -Go to online mode:O

In the function keys you have to use:
 -Disable XON/XOFF and go to online mode: AT&I0O^m
 -Enable XON/XOFF and go to online mode:  AT&I2O^m

The Boca and other Rockwell-chipset-based modem commands are:
 -Disable XON/XOFF:  &K0
 -Enable XON/XOFF:   &K4
 -Go to online mode: O

In the functio keys you have to use:
 -Disable XON/XOFF and go to online mode:  AT&K0O^m
 -Enable XON/XOFF and go to online mode:   AT&K4O^m


When you send the escape sequence (+++) for putting your modem into command
mode, some remote modems also interpret the three "+" as an escape sequence
and also go into command mode. When that happens your connection with the
remote modem is "frozen". The easiest solution for that problem is changing
the escape character from "+" to another character. The one I've chosen is
"@". To change it run Desterm and change the initialization string to:
  ATZ^m~~~AT &B1 &H2 &I2 &R1 S2=64^m

for US Robotics modems, and ATZ^m~~~~AT &K4 S2=64^m for
Rockwell-chipset-based modems.

The S2=64 command changes the escape character from "+" to "@". Now for
putting you modem in command mode you have just to send @@@ instead of +++.
You should also change the hangup sequence in Desterm to: ~~~@@@~~~ATH^m.

Ismael
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- This is a copy of a message I recieved from Ismael Cordeiro from Canada. I
don't know his address. I have set my system up according to this and have
had no problems whatsoever.

Jeff
 e
*nb"hoe"
*lm1:rm40
           THE HOUSE OF ENIX

   Load the program by typing load "<PROGRAM NAME>",8. After it has loaded, type <run>. You must leave the diskette in the drive as the high score file will be created at this time. You must also leave the diskette in the drive each time you boot up, because the scores will be read in from the file. Once the game has begun, you may remove the disk. It will take about 2 minutes for the program to set up. Also, When you have made it out of the house, you must re-insert the diskette to update the scores.
   The object of the game is to search the house for valuable items, above all, the million dollars. As you roam the house, you will encounter dark rooms. You may use your flashlight to see in these rooms. Be conservative with the use of the flashlight, as it could run low on batteries. Some time or another, an ICY WIND will chill your bones. Check your inventory. The Ghost of Mr. Enix does not like anyone to remove objects from his house. When you have successfully made it out of the house, your score will be given, along with the time it took you to get out. If your score was good enough, you 	ll be asked to enter your name. Insert the disk at this time.
   The valid commands are:

     GO,TAKE,DROP,OPEN,CLOSE,TURN ON/OFF (flashlight),UNLOCK,INVENTORY,LOOK,QUIT,HELP (displays these commands),TIME,SCORE.
   If you are in a room with only one closed door, you need not specify wich door to open. When you TAKE an object, you must type in the entire object name or the parser will not recognize it.
   Have fun! and beware of the ICY WIND!!!

        HR2RLE
 HiRes to Run Length Encoder
  For the Commodore 64
   (c) 1985 by Chrisdos.
    All rights reserved.
        Ver 1.0


The HR2RLE program will allow you to convert almost any HiRes image to
a RLE format file that can be uploaded online, and can be read back by
any computer that can translate the RLE data.
 HR2RLE will convert the area of memory starting at $6000 and extending for
8000 bytes to RLE data and save it to disk. This is compatable with DOODLE
and other programs that store their HiRes bitmaps at $6000.

        Usage
        -----
 Simply LOAD"HR2RLE",8 and run.
        You will be prompted for the exact filename of the picture to convert.
        Then you will be asked for the filename for the output. HR2RLE will add
 ".RLE" to the filename so you know it is in a RLE Format.
        You will then be prompted for <RETURN to TEXT>. If you enter "y" then 
HR2RLE will add the code that tells the RLE decoding program to return to
TEXT mode to the end of the file. Entering any other key means No.
        Next question is X Offset. Since the C64 screen is 320 pixels wide,
and the RLE file can only handle 256, there is a 64 pixel gap. You can tell
HR2RLE on what pixel column to start the conversion. 0 is the first column.
32 would be the 256 pixels in the center of the screen. 63 would be the
256 of the right most pixels.
        You can then do the same for the Y Offset. The screen is 200 pixels
long, but RLE can only do 192 of them. Y = 0 is the top 192 rows, Y = 7 is the
bottom 192 rows. (in other words, skip the first 7.)
        The last question is Normal or Inverse. This means you can create an
RLE file with white and black reversed if you enter an "i". Any other key
means normal.

        The screen will goto HiRes and the picture file you gave will load.
        HR2RLE will then read the picture from the scree and write the RLE
file. As it does it, the area it is working on will reverse image.
        If there is a DISK ERROR, (picture file not found, bad file name, drive 
not ready, etc.) HR2RLE will hang, Hit Run/Stop/Restore to exit.

        The file will be written to disk, and when finished, you will return
to normal text screen.
        The RLE file may then be uploaded for use online.

NOTE: The option to selectively add the <RETURN to TEXT> signal at the end
of the RLE file is there because of the way RLE Decoding programs operate.
When you view a RLE file from a CIS source (CB pictures, weather maps, etc.)
a <GOTO HIRES> signal is sent to you, then the RLE data. At the end, CIS waits
for you to send a <RETURN> then cis sends a <RETURN TO TEXT> signal that
resets your terminal program to text mode. If you did not get the <RETURN TO
TEXT> then your terminal program might be hung in graphics mode.
        The problem with creating your own RLE file is that there is no eazy
way to hold off that <RETURN to TEXT> signal at the end of the file since
it is only a character in the file. About the only way to hold off the <R2T>
is to send a Control-S at the very last line of the file. You may then
process or look at the image on your screen. When you are ready to continue
you may send a Control-Q to resume transmition. The <R2T> characters will be
send and your terminal reset to normal.
 Unless you have a special need to not have the <R2T> characters, the add it.
 If you upload a file that does not have it, make sure to say so in the
description.


        The RLE files should be uploaded in 7 bit ASCII mode so that they may
be directly READ from a Data Library.

This file and the program are (c) 1985 by Chrisdos. All rights reserved.
TOPIC : I2LIB program for changing IMP phone numbers

FROM  : Irv Hoff

DATE  : 17 July 85


     I2LIB permits the user to quickly and very easily change the tele-
phone numbers in the IMP phone library.  It automatically locates the
phone library, displays it and then (after asking it if looks normal)
shows a command line:


CTL-C abort, <C>hange, <D>elete, <P>rint lib, <R>ead, <S>ave :


     To change or alter any line (such as the "F" line), you would
     then type:


CTL-C abort, <C>hange, <D>elete, <P>rint lib, <R>ead, <S>ave : CF


     The "C" would select "Change" and the "F" selects the line to
     be changed.

     This same technique would be used to delete any line that is no
     longer needed.  Using  "DH" for example leaves the  "D=" but
     clears the rest of the line.


     Whenever you change any line, you must go completely to the last
     column prior to the  <  at which time the new line is then added
     automatically and the new listing displayed.  This sets a flag
     so if you hit CTL-C to abort it will ask if you want to update
     the file or abort with no changes.  You use "S" to save the file
 	  to disk when finished with any changes.


USING THE PROGRAM:
-----------------

	This program works directly with the IMP object code .COM file.


     EXAMPLES:	A>I2LIB IMP.COM <ret>		(1)
		A>I2LIB B:IMP.COM <ret> (2)
		B>A:I2LIB IMP.COM <ret> (3)
		A>I2LIB IMP.COM ABC.COM (4)
		B>A:I2LIB B:IMP.COM C:ABC.COM	(5)

	1) works only with the original file, altering it
	2) the file can be on any selected disk
	3) similar to (2) but I2LIB.COM is on another disk
	4) if a 2nd file is named, it receives the chan	s
	5) any of the files can be on any selected disk

NOTE:	Using I2LIB.COM to alter the telephone number library is
	surprisingly simple and fast.  It does not however allow
	setting or resetting codes for SPRINT, MCI, etc.  To do
	that you would use I2NM-n.ASM
					- Irv Hoff
@ID.doc@
\
PRG formatted GEOS file V1.0	 PEpson FX-80OP V2.0 or higher@\
@NewID@\
BLASTER'S CONVERTER V2.5



A
Write Image V2.1geoWrite    V2.1
?1

ARequires font LW_ROMA?\,
A0	 8	 n5--
 'F & % t %7 / x9R@HHHHHHHHH@The hypothetical situation is something like this: you have recently bought a stack of GEOS software used.  Since the software is used, it is already installed under the Kernal of the software's former owner.  You already have some software you have installed with your current Kernal.  It is a serious drag to have to load different GEOS Kernals to run different applications.  Especially if you have GEOS 2.0, but the used software you have was installed under a GEOS 1.3 kernal.  So, it would be nice if there were some easier way to run the used software with your original Kernal.  The programs GetID and NewID provide you with a means of doing this.  The following assumes that you bought the Kernal with the rest of the used GEOS software.

First, some definitions.  Call your original Kernal "Kernal A."  Call the used Kernal you have just purchased "Kernal B."

@HHHHHHHHH((1)	Boot GEOS using Kernal B.  Run the program GetID.  This will print a four digit hexadecimal number on your screen.  Jot  this number down. Call this number  IDB.  Click on the "OK" icon when finished.

(2)	Boot GEOS using Kernal A.  Again run the program GetID, and again jot down the (presumably different) 4 digit hexadecimal number.  Call this number IDA.

(3)	Make two copies of the program "NewID."  Name one of these copies ID(IDA) (i.e., if IDA is $032d, name the copy ID032d).  Name the other copy ID(IDB).

(4)	Select the icon of ID(IDA) and select "info" from the file  menu.  At the beginning of the info box is a four digit hexadecimal number preceeded by a "$".  Replace the hexadecimal number with IDA.

(5)	Repeat (4) with ID(IDB) and IDB.

(6)	Now, whenever you want to run an application installed with Kernal B, first double click on the icon of the program ID(IDB).  This will change your run-time Kernal ID to be the same as that of Kernal B, allowing you to run applications installed with Kernal B. Then, when you want to go back and run an application installed with Kernal A, double click on the icon of the program ID(IDA).  This will restore your run-time Kernal ID to that of Kernal A.  Note that at no time is any Kernal ID or installation ID changed on any disk file.  Only the number stored in the memory of your 64 or 128 is changed.


@HHHHHHHHH@Feel free to distribute these files to anyone who has a need for them.  I would ask, however, that you not use these programs to facilitate the piracy of GEOS applications.  Also, plese distribute both GetID and NewID together, and with this documentation file. If you have any questions, you may contact me,

Robert Knop
123 S. Chester #3
Pasadena Ca.  91106
(818)795-4152
@HHHHHHHH@Internet:	rknop@tybalt.caltech.edu
GEnie:	R.KNOP1


 #: 56956      Sub-topic 7 - Terminal Programs
Sb: #56952-Question
    13-Jan-85  22:20:39
Fm: CBM Sysop/deb! C.    70007,577
To: Chrisdos   76703,717

Yes, Chris, we know exactly what you need to know.

          :::grin:::

But I thought *U* were supposed to be the whiz here?????









So, here goes, my tutorial on .IMG files

The first line of an .IMG file looks like this in the INTEL HEX:

 :180000000400434333500108...etc
  ^^^^^^ <--- Those 3 bytes are the offset address of the file
 :180000000400434333500108...etc
        ^^ <-- That is a null, separating the data from the address
 :180000000400434333500108...etc
          ^^^^ <--- That is the number of characters in the .IMG header on the
file, in standard Lo/Hi 6502 format.
(there are 4 bytes in a 64 ID$ header)
 :180000000400434333500108...etc
              ^^^^^^ <--- Those 3 bytes are the Commodore 64 ID$ for VIDTEX.
 :180000000400434333500108...etc
                    ^^ <--- That byte represents whether it is a PRG or SEQ
file
$50=P  $53=S
 :180000000400434333500108...etc
                      ^^^^ <--- The first actual data bytes from the CBM file
on the disk now	how here.  You will recognize this as a loading address for a
standard beginning of BASIC file.

Now, in an XMODEM transfer of an IMAGE file, everything after the initial null
delimiter between the offsett address and the header is sent.

Hence, the first character in XMODEM that is sent is $04-EOT for an IMAGE file.

There are six bytes there that are sent and must be stripped off at the
beginning of the download.

Is this perfectlly clear???

              deb!

P.S. lets put this in a DL somewhere, I g	 tired of explaining it...



				 IMP

			(NOTES ON HOW TO USE)

			   Copyright 1985


			 Irvin M. Hoff W6FFC

			     01 OCT 1985



INTRODUCTION:
------------

	     NOTE:  THIS PROGRAM SUPPORTS ANY 1200 OR
		    2400 BPS MODEM INTENDED FOR AUTO-
		    DIALING WITH THE "AT" PROTOCOL OR
		    THE RACAL-VADIC PROTOCOL. IT ALSO
		    SUPPORTS THE  PROMETHEUS PROMODEM
		    EXTENDED-"AT" 1200 BPS PROTOCOL.


	 NOTE:	IMP v241 adds KMD-type batch protocol in addi-
		tion to the MODEM7 type.  It comes up in KMD
		batch.	Use the command TBM to toggle batch
		mode to MODEM7 type if needed.	RCPM systems
		with KMD/BYE500 support the KMD-type batch mode.



	The IMP modem program enables a computer to communicate with
another computer.  This is normally done by using standard telephone
lines but with special audio tones sending serial data.  Three common
speeds are used, depending on the facilities available -- 300, 1200 or
2400 bps.  ('bps' stands for bits per second.  One character is 10 bits
per second, normally.  It may be 11 bits if two stop pulses are used.)


WHAT IS A MODEM?
---------------
	A "modem" is used which provides these audio tones.  This is an
acronym for "modulator and demodulator".  The one section (modulator)
provides the audio tones for sending over the telephone line and the
other section (demodulator) then converts those audio tones back to dig-
ital pulses the computer uses to receive the incoming data.

	The modem itself is a hardware utility, usually costing around
$75 to $200 for a typical 300 Baud device and from $200 to $450 for a
system offering 1200 Baud as well as 300 Baud.	The newest modems add
2400 bps and currently can be obtained from $435 to "way on up".  (The
so-called "list prices" are rarely paid even with single-unit purchases.)

	Some modems are intended for plugging directly into the computer
while a vast majority are external devices that connect to the computer
through a serial I/O connector.  These are often designed to sit under
the phone itself to minimize space required.  An external modem has sev-
eral advantages as most have numerous indicator lamps telling the user
what is happening.  This also makes it far more simple to use the modem
on any of several computers the user may have.

AUTO-STEPDOWN, A NEW MODEM FEATURE
--------------------------------
	The newer 300/1200/2400 bps intelligent modems have the ability
to determine the maximum speed (baudrate) at which the system they are
calling can use.  They adjust themselves accordingly, without operator
intervention or knowledge.  They send a "result code" back to the local
computer telling it what speed they now have.  This information can be
used to automatically set the local computer to the same speed.  A mes-
sage is displayed telling the operator what speed he has.

	If the operator has a reason for using less than the maximum
speed to which another system might respond, he can initially restrict
the modem from attempting to connect at a faster speed.  Example, Compu-
serve has modems that will answer at either 1200 or 300 bps.  If reading
and answering messages "on line in real time" many callers prefer to use
300 baud (they cannot type even that fast) rather than 1200 bps which is
nearly twice the cost.

	IMP takes advantage of this automatic stepdown feature.  It has
the modem attempt to connect at 2400 bps.  If that is unavailable at the
answering end, the modem tries for 1200 bps.  When connected, IMP shows
the speed currently in use and automatically adjusts the local I/O to
match.	(IMP is the first and currently the only free modem program to
take advantage of this new modem feature.)

	The operator can easily select the "SET" command should he wish
to override the automatic "start trying at 2400" and have a specific
speed dialed (such as 300 baud for Compuserve for hand typing messages
at lower cost, etc.)  The automatic feature is reinstated by either
using the "SET" command for 2400, or merely calling up the modem program
from the disk once more.

	Note: The US Robotics Courier auto-steps from 2400 to 1200 but
not to 300, as do most of the other new modems with 2400 bps.


PURPOSE
-------
     The program discussed in this guide allows each computer involved
to directly control its own modem, converting DC pulses into audio tones
which are sent to (or received from) the telephone line.  (The standard
1200 baud transmissions use "DPSK" (dibit phase shift keying) instead of
"AFSK" (audio frequency shift keying).

     For short distances, no modems are required as the computer can
provide the necessary digital voltages.  This discussion is centered
around systems intended for use over distances ranging from several
miles to literally around the world.


FEATURES:
--------
     A program to communicate with another computer can range from very
simple to very complex.  Although IMP has a number of quite useful fea-
tures (some of which other modem programs do not currently offer) it is
one of the easier programs to learn and use.  A list of some of the
features offered by this particular program include:

  1)  Ability to talk with another computer via keyboard at each end.
	  (Called the "terminal mode".)
  2)  Ability to operate a remote mainframe computer such as TYM-SHAR,
	  or special data bank systems now commonplace.  This includes
	  "bulletin board" systems for receiving, sending or just read-
	  ing messges or other types of information.
  3)  Ability to upload (send) or download (receive) programs from other
	  computers whether TYM-SHAR, data banks, remote hobby systems
	  or just another individual in another location.
  4)  Ability to automatically transfer a group of files (called "batch
	  mode".  Two popular methods included, KMD batch mode and the
	  older MODEM7 batch mode.
  5)  Ability to copy incoming information on a printer.  If the print-
	  er is too slow to copy the data directly, the extra characters
	  back into a large storage buffer until they can be printed.
  6)  Ability to copy incoming data into memory for automatic transfer
	  to a disk file.
  7)  Accomodates any computer clock speed up to 25.5 MHz. in 0.1 Mhz.
	  increments for uniform results.  (The clock speed is actually
	  of modest interest, it is only used for setting timing loops.)
  8)  Advanced type of error detection (CRC or Cyclic Redundancy Check)
	  using automatically generated high-speed lookup tables.
  9)  Ability to send any of 10 different pre-programmed function keys.
	  (These keys are very easy to reset, using either of two exter-
	  programs provided.)
 10)  Automatic disconnect from the telephone line when using CTL-N, "D"
	  or "Z" as an option during file transfer.
 11)  Automatic or manual 1k protocol for increased throughput and effi-
	  ciency over the 128 character blocks long associated with such
	  programs.
 12)  Supports 1200 or 2400 bps modems using the Racal-Vadic or 'AT'
	  protocol developed by Hayes.	These features basically include
	  automatic dialing and redialing until the system being called
	  finally answers.

	       a) Automatic selection of a particular phone number from
		  a library of names and numbers.  (These phone numbers
		  can be very easily changed by using either of two ex-
		  ternal programs that are provided.)
	       b) Automatic dialing for alternate long-distance systems
		  (where auto-dialing touch-tone modems are used).
	       c) Entry of a hand-typed number.  Although it might be as
		  simple to manually dial the number as hand-type it, it
		  can then be automatically redialed indefinitely.
	       d) Auto-linking of 1-32 different numbers for continuous
		  dialing until one of the group is available.
	       e) Choice of beeping continuously when connected to get
		  the operator's attention, or beep one time and go to
		  terminal mode immediately to catch UNIX or IBM signon
		  messages that assume you can copy when connected.
	       f) Automatically adjusts the terminal speed to that of
		  system answering the phone.


USING THE PROGRAM THE FIRST TIME:
--------------------------------
     For now, we shall assume the program is ready to use on your equip-
ment.  (Normally the user must make some modest changes to the program
before it can be used.	This includes changing the port numbers and some
other personal options.  These will be covered later in the section that
describes how to adapt it to your equipment.)

     When the program is brought up is shows this display (if using the
PMMI modem):


	  IMP v240 modem pgm (type M for Menu)
	  Copyright (c) 1985 Irvin M. Hoff
	  Version for Datapoint 1560 modem port 28H
	  Modem speed is: 2400 bps

	  B>>COMMAND: x


	(Your version would have a different line 3 once the ap-
	propriate overlay was added and the baudrate might show
	show 1200 if you do not have 2400 available.)


       The cursor stops at point "x:" waiting for some sort of command.
Typing a "M" followed immediately by a RETURN, shows the first page of
a 3-page help guide.

     Several commands are similar to those already used for CP/M, such
as 'ERA', 'DIR' and the ability to change disk drives and user areas.
This adds tremendous flexibility while remaining in the modem command
mode.  To change disk drives, just say:

	  B>>COMMAND: A: <cr>

     and you are in the same user area on the A: drive.  You can also
say:
	  A>>COMMAND: A12: <cr>

     to change user areas.  When finished (using this example), say:

	  A12>>COMMAND: CPM  <cr>
		 or
	  A12>>COMMAND: BYE  <cr>

     and you will go back to CP/M with the original drive and user area.

OPTIONS:
-------
     There are 6 primary options and 9 secondary options that may be
typed on the command line.  In addition there are over numerous commands
ranging from single character to three characters that can be used (such
as DIR, ERA, LOG, etc.)  Those are listed on the menu.

     Primary Options:	 E, L, M, R, S, T
	  E = Echo mode (special type of full duplex)
	  L = Local modem (no remote echo, half duplex)
	  M = Menu display showing features that are available
	  R = Receive a file from remote facility
	  S = Send a file to a remote facility
	  T = Terminal mode (full duplex, echo provived remotely)

     Secondary Options:  A, B, D, J, O, Q, R, S, V, X, Z
	  B = Batch mode -- allows automatic multiple file transfer
		(This has been normally only used from modem-to-modem
		as few RCP/M systems have had batch capability.  This
		is now changing with the introduction of KMD v04 and
		BYE501.  Batch mode allows the use of wildcards to
		simplify typing numerous file names.)
	  D = Disconnect when done, stay in IMP
	  K = Manually initiates 1k protocol in send mode
	  Q = Quiet mode, special purpose feature rarely used except if
		 operating through a "BYE" program.
	  R = Receive remote file (8-bit binary)
	  S = Send file to remote system (8-bit binary)
	  V = Visual inspection of an ASCII file being transferred.  Not
		 often used as most ASCII files are now "squeezed" for
		 minimum transfer time and disk space.
	  X = Inhibits automatic 1k request, transfers 128 char. blocks
	  Z = Exit to CP/M  when finished, disconnect from phone line


     Although you can get the following information from the help guide
in IMP itself, showing it here will allow us to discuss the various fea-
tures in somewhat better detail.


-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


THE HELP GUIDE, PAGE 1:
----------------------

		  Single Letter Commands

 ?  - Display current settings
ESC - Function key intercept character, then (0-9)
 M  - Display the menu
 E  - Terminal mode with echo
 L  - Terminal mode with local echo
 T  - Terminal mode
^Z  - Clears screen (command mode only)
 R  - Receive an 8-bit binary CP/M file
 S  - Send an 8-bit binary CP/M file

	COMMAND: R (or S) FILENAME.TYP
	R and S can use the following subcommands:
	   B  - Batch transfer, can use wildcards (e.g., *.*)
	   D  - Disconnect when done, return to command mode
	   K  - Manual request for 1k transmissions
	   Q  - Quiet mode (no messages to console)
	   V  - View ASCII files on CRT during a file transfer
	   X  - Inhibits auto 1k request to sender
	   Z  - When done, disconnect, go to CP/M

	For copying text to disk use T (E or L) FILENAME.TYP
[more]

     The single letter commands may also be used on the
     command line when the program is initially executed.

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


DISCUSSION OF HELP GUIDE PAGE 1:
-------------------------------

     There are basically three types of commands that may be used with
this program:
	     1)  Single-letter commands shown on page one.
	     2)  Three-letter commands shown on page 2, and
	     3)  Control-<char.> commands shown on page 3.

     Going down the list:

  ? - shows current parameters.  As these are closely tied in with some
	  of the other options, we shall show a typical example later
	  in this discussion.
 ESC - shows the function key intercept character.  This may be easily
	  changed using an external program called I2FUNC.COM.

	  NOTE:  typing ESC <cr> while in the command mode will display
		 all the programmable function key definitions with the
		 exception of the log-on string which uses CTL-L.

  M - shows the menu a page at a time.	You may abort after any page is
	  shown with a CTL-C
  E - terminal mode with echo.	When talking with another terminal also
	  also using IMP (or a comparable program), one of you must send
	  an 'echo' back so you can both see what the other person is
	  typing.  This is needed for full-duplex operation.  Usually
	  the person originating the call will type "E" instead of "T".
	  However either may do this.  If "both" use the echo mode, the
	  program usually starts typing a string of feedback characters
	  since both computers are re-sending the same character over
	  and over.  You can stop this by just returning to command mode
	  (type control-E) and then retyping "T" rather than "E".
  L - terminal mode with local echo.  Shows what you are typing but does
	  not send an echo of the other person's typing back to him.
	  Can be used at both ends, in place of one person using "E".
	  Both "E" and "L" are useful at times for some types of modems
	  that do not use full-duplex, or for some main frame units that
	  run half-duplex.  The combination of "T", "E" and "L" gives an
	  excellent choice to use on various systems.  Normally the "T"
	  mode is sufficient except when talking with another person and
	  then the "E" mode at one end or "L" mode at both ends will
	  provide normal results.  If the remote system does not supply
	  a LF after a CR, you can get that from the 'TLF' command.
  T - puts the program directly into "terminal mode", allowing it to
	  send from the keyboard to the other computer, and to copy any-
	  thing coming from the other computer with the exception of
	  file transfers (use "R" to receive those).
  R - used only for receiving files from the other computer.  These are
	  usually sent in binary form with either checksum verification
	  or more commonly, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checking).  If ready
	  to receive another file, you have several choices, depending
	  on the program used by the other computer.   After notifying
	  him you are ready (or will be very shortly), you can type:

	       B>>COMMAND: R HELLO.DOC <cr>

	  and when he starts to send, you will receive the program which
	  then goes directly to the disk.  You could also have said:

	       B>>COMMAND: RB <cr>

	  This is called the "Batch mode" and is an extremely useful way
	  to receive programs automatically, from another computer using
	  a similar program.  He will use the batch mode for sending the
	  programs and that automatically provides the file names at the
	  receiving end.  In this manner, large numbers of programs can
	  be transferred completely automatically, including full disks.
	  (Assuming you care to pay the toll calls for the time it will
	  take!)

	  NOTE:  The ideal way to receive batch mode would be:

	       B>>COMMAND: RB <cr>    (also just  R <cr> is enough)

		 since you may not know in advance how many programs he
		 will be sending.

	       NOTE:  While receiving a file, any errors will be shown
		      on the console CRT, indicating that portion of the
		      program is being repeated.  If the file finishes
		      transferring normally, it will have been received
		      error-free.  Those error notices are merely to let
		      the user know a momentary problem caused a resend.
		      The error messages indicate phone line quality.

  S - used only to send programs.  Similar to "R" but sends instead of
	  receives.  If the other system is ready to receive, you could
	  then type:

	       B>>COMMAND: S HELLO.DOC <cr>

	  It will tell you how many records are involved and how many
	  minutes and seconds it will take to send the program.  If the
	  other system is ready to receive, it starts the transfer,
	  showing how many records have been sent.  If any errors occur
	  during transmission, it shows what they are and counts them.
	  It will resend any records not correctly received at the other
	  computer.  If too many consecutive errors occur (normally set
	  at 10), the transfer is terminated.  The 'batch mode' may also
	  be used for sending:

	       B>>COMMAND: SB HELLO.*		 (sending batch mode)

	  will send all files starting with HELLO, or can send just one
	  file, or can send several non-related files in this manner:

	       B>>COMMAND: SB HELLO.DOC XDIR.COM TERM.*

	  etc.	Be sure to put a space between the various files.  You
	  can include the 'Z' option:

	       B>>COMMAND: SBZ HELLO.* IMP740.LBR I2LIB.COM

	  When the file transfer is completed it disconnects from the
	  phone line and reverts to CP/M.  This allows you to be absent
	  when the file is finished, offering an advantage when sending
	  lengthy files.

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


THE HELP GUIDE, PAGE 2:
----------------------

		Three Letter Commands

BYE - Disconnect, then return to CP/M
CAL - Dial number
CPM - Exit from this program to CP/M
DIR - List directory and space free (may specify drive)
DSC - Disconnect from the phone line
ERA - Erase file (may specify drive)
LOG - Change default drive/user no. (specify drive/user)
      and reset disks.	e.g. LOG A0: or LOG B: (user # unchanged)
SET - Set modem baud rate
SPD - Set file output speed in terminal mode
TBM - Toggle MODEM7/KMD batch mode selection
TCC - Toggle CRC/Checksum mode on receive
TLF - Toggle LF after CR in "L" or "T" mode for a disk file
TRB - Toggle rubout to backspace conversion

      The following are terminal text buffer commands:

DEL - Delete memory buffer and file
WRT - Write memory buffer to disk file

[more]

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


DISCUSSION OF HELP GUIDE, PAGE 2:
--------------------------------

  BYE - Disconnects the modem from the phone line, closes any file that
	  may be open and returns to CP/M.
  CAL - Displays the telephone library.

	NOTE:  Use the phone number overlay to easily change the numbers
	       that are stored.  This overlay also accesses up to two
	       alternate long distance dialing systems for the touch-
	       tone auto-dialing modems.  You can also use an external
	       program called I2LIB to rapidly change any phone numbers.

  CPM - This returns to normal CP/M use, abandoning IMP.

	  CAUTION: It does not disconnect the modem from the phone line,
		   which allows intentional return to CP/M temporarily.

  DIR - Enables the user to see the library of any disk without needing
	  to return to CP/M first.  Can be adjusted when installing the
	  program to show 3, 4, or 5 groups depending on the width of
	  your CRT display.  Normally set to 5 for 80-column displays.
	  Shows the amount of disk spacing remaining on the logged-in
	  default drive.  (You must log in any drive you wish to write
	  on, or to see the correct free disk space remaining.)  See the
	  LOG feature below.
  DSC - Disconnects the modem from the phone line whenever selected.
  ERA - Enables the user to erase any files from any disk without the
	  need to return to CP/M first.  Wild cards (* and ?) accepted.
  LOG - When a new disk is inserted, you can see the directory and read
	  files from it but cannot write to it without getting a "BDOS
	  ERR".  This command allows you to log in a new disk so you can
	  immediately write on it without first returning to CP/M for a
	  warm boot.  You can select drive and user number.  (This also
	  enables DIR to show the correct free disk space remaining.)
	  You can say:
			 LOG <cr> for same drive, user area, new disk
			 LOG A
			 LOG A:
			 LOG A14     (user areas are 0-15)
			 LOG A11:

  SET - Allows the user to change baudrates when desired.  If using a
	  2400 bps modem with automatic stepdown, this would rarely be
	  used.
  SPD - Sets the delay between characters and/or delay between lines in
	  the "T" mode when using ESC F upload a pre-typed file.  Since
	  most bulletin boards and TYM-SHAR systems normally use line
	  editors that require a delay after they have received a line,
	  you can add delay between characters (in increments of 4 ms.)
	  and/or enter delay between lines (in increments of 100 ms.)
	  This is preset for most systems at 2 and 200 ms.  They can be
	  changed at any time.	Current values can be checked by using
	  the  " ? " command.
  TBM - Toggle batch mode from KMD (default) to MODEM7.  The primary
	  difference is the way the file name is sent.	The older MODEM7
	  method sends each character separately, expecting the other
	  computer to echo each character.  Checksum is used to verify
	  the file name.  The KMD method sends a special 128 byte block
	  with the file name and the length of the file.  This is not
	  only far better for use with mainframe and networking systems,
	  but also informs the operator receiving the file how long it
	  will be.  (The KMD method then automatically goes to 1k mode.)
  TCC - Most modem programs originally used simple checksum verification
	  of received sectors.	Most now use Cyclic Redundancy Checking
	  which finds certain transmission errors the simple checksum
	  system might overlook.  This toggle allows the user to select
	  checksum for those systems known to not offer CRC.  When set
	  normally to CRC, the program automatically switches to check-
	  sum after trying several times to use CRC.
  TLF - If sending a file while in terminal mode (via CTL-T option) most
	  mainframe computers will not want you to send a line feed.  As
	  all editors include the LF after CR, you have the option with
	  this toggle of sending or not sending a line feed.  If typing
	  manually in the "T" mode, you can get a line feed with CTL-J.
	  It is automatically included after CR with "L" or "E" modes.
  TRB - Allows the rubout char. to be changed to backspace if desired.
  DEL - If copying incoming information into memory, and you decide you
	  do not want to bother saving it to disk after all, this closes
	  (and then deletes) the disk file you had opened.
  WRT - saves what you have been copying to the disk file already opened
	  for that purpose.  When returning from the "T" mode to command
	  mode, a warning is shown that you may lose what has been saved
	  unless you use WRT (write to disk).

	  NOTE: An open file is automatically written to disk
		should you use BYE or CPM commands to leave the
		program, thus preventing accidental loss of data
		intended to be saved.


-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


THE HELP GUIDE, PAGE 3:
----------------------

  Local Commands while in Terminal Mode

  ESC E  - Exit to command mode
  ESC F  - Send file to remote system
  ESC L  - Send log-on message
  ESC N  - Disconnect from the phone line
  ESC P  - Toggle printer on (or off)
  ESC Z  - Clears screen, terminal mode

  ESC R  - Stop copy into buffer
  ESC Y  - Start copy into buffer

		Start & Stop may be toggled as often as desired.
		A ";" at start of line indicates buffer is copying.
		X-off automatically used to stop input when writing
		   full buffer to disk, X-on sent to resume.


  >>COMMAND:

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


DISCUSSION OF HELP GUIDE, PAGE 3:
--------------------------------

  ESC E  - Returns to command modem from "T", "L", "E" modes.
  ESC F  - Sends an ASCII file to the remote terminal, X-on and X-off
	     automatically used.  Optional delays available.
  ESC L  - Will send the log-on message if one has been included in the
	     LOGON area of the overlay.
  ESC N  - Disconnect the modem from the phone line.
	     (You can easily change this to whatever you like in the
	     overlay you use for your equipment.)
  ESC P  - Toggles the printer on-off.	Very useful feature.  Similar to
	     normal control-P but in this case if the modem is running
	     faster than normal printer speed, the characters just back
	     into a special buffer while the printer tries to catch up.
	     Especially beneficial when using 2400 bps as few printers
	     can keep up at that speed.  Can be toggled at any time you
	     are in the "T", "L" or "E" modes.	Often used to copy items
	     from bulletin boards, etc. that are not worth permanently
	     saving on disk.
  ESC Z  - Clears the screen in terminal mode.	(CTL-Z normally used but
	     that goes on out the terminal to the remote system.)
  ESC Y  - Used only in terminal mode.	If ESC R is used to temporarily
	     stop copying incoming text to memory, ESC Y restarts this
	     feature.  When copying to memory, a ';' appears in the
	     first column of each line.

	   NOTE:  To open a file use:  COMMAND: T FILENAME.EXT <cr> and
		  then ESC R and ESC Y will control what is copied for
		  saving to disk.

  ESC R  - Stops the copy into memory, shuts off the ";" at start of
	     each line.  These two commands (ESC Y to start, and ESC R
	     to stop) control what is being saved.  When returning to
	     command (via ESC E), you will then be warned to save the
	     information to disk via the WRT command or it will likely
	     be lost.  (You may never use ESC R or ESC Y and just use
	     your editor on that file later to discard unwated magerial.


-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


AUTO-DIALING AND AUTO-REDIALING:
----------------------------------------------------------------

     There are several ways to auto-dial.

	  1) from the command line
	  2) from the phone number library line

     In addition you can auto-redial from either of these lines.  Once
the number has auto-dialed and there is no answer, it will ask you if
you want it to continuously auto-redial until it does receive an answer
(or you decide to abort).

     To get the phone library, type CAL <ret> on the command line.  You
then normally just type the appropriate character at the start of the
line.  It will show the number being dialed.  You can also do this from
the main command line if you know in advance what character is used for
that particular number:

	       B>>COMMAND: CAL P <cr>

     This calls up the "P" line in the library and dials that number,
then if busy asks if you want it to continue redialing.  You can use:

	       B>>COMMAND: CAL 313-749-6569 <cr>

     and it will dial the number specified.  You can then do either of
these on the library command line, as well.  This gives a tremendous
versatility.

NOTE:	To access the alternate long distance dialing systems (up to two
	are offered), use the phone number overlay and fill in the in-
	formation regarding your access number, billing number, etc.  It
	will then show how to enter a special character ahead of each
	phone number where alternate long distance system is desired.
	This only works where touch-tone systems are in use.


-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -

AUTO-LINKING PHONE NUMBERS:
--------------------------

     If the number you want to dial is busy, you would like to have it
automatically redialed until it answers.  However, you might like to
call any of a group of numbers and be happy to take whichever one first
becomes available.  Auto-linking allows a group of numbers to be listed
and they are then continuously dialed one after the other, until one is
available.

     IMP permits from 1-32 numbers to be linked together in any manner.
There are two options:

	   B>>COMMAND: CAL A,D,R,3,Z	     1)
	   B>>COMMAND: CAL F,		     2)

	   B>>COMMAND: CAL A/D/R/3/Z	     3)
	   B>>COMMAND: CAL F/		     4)

	   B>>COMMAND: CAL A,D,A,R,A,3,A,Z   5)

	   B>>COMMAND: CAL F		     6)


	1) using a comma (,) will beep continuously when connected to
	   the first available number - touching any key stops the beep
	   and goes to terminal mode.

	2) just the one number is linked to itself and redials until
	   connected.  Beeps continuously until stopped with any key.

	3) using a slash (/) will beep only once when connected and then
	   automatically go directly to terminal mode - this is useful
	   where some mainframes such as IBM and UNIX send a logon note
	   assuming you are already able to copy as soon as connected.

	4) just the one number is linked to itself and redials until
	   connected.  Beeps only once and goes to terminal mode.

	5) illustrates how one number can be given top priority.

	6) system used previously - if connected on first try, beeps one
	   time and jumps directly to terminal mode.  If no connection,
	   asks the operator if he wants to try again or try continuous-
	   ly until a connected is made - at which time it beeps until a
	   key is depressed.

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


CASCADING COMMANDS:
------------------

     Several commands may be used on the same line.  Ones normally used
are:  B, D, E, K, L, Q, R, S, T, V, X and Z

     The commands have been listed previously but will be listed here
again:

	B) batch mode  (must be used at both ends if used at all)
		(usually only available modem-to-modem with operators
		present at each end.)
	D) disconnets the phone, returns to CP/M after a file transfer
	E) echo mode for conversing with a system not offering echo.
	K) used to manually request 1k transmissions on systems not
		having automatic 1k transmissions.
	L) local echo shows what you are sending if no remote echo.
	Q) quiet mode, suppresses messages on local console.
	R) receive file transfers (8-bit binary)
	S) send file transfers, also shows transfer time.
	T) terminal mode - operates computer at other end like a remote
	      terminal.  Also stands for "text mode".  When in "T" mode
	      you can copy incoming to printer or to disk, and send pre-
	      typed ASCII text files via CTL-T.
	V) visual -- lets you see incoming ASCII files while being sent
		to the disk system.
	X) inhibits automatic request for 1k transmissions
	Z) disconnects the phone, returns to command mode after a file
		tranfer.

	NOTE:  The Baud rate is only used for the PMMI S-100 modem.
	       Many of the custom overlays allow use of the SET
	       command to change Baud rate with non-PMMI modems.

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


TYPICAL PARAMETERS SHOWN BY THE "?" COMMAND:
-------------------------------------------

B>>COMMAND: ? <cr>

Mode: CRC
KMD batch mode
Rub is backspace
Printer buffer is OFF
Modem speed is: 1200 bps
Terminal mode file buffer is inactive
Unused portion of buffer is 16384 bytes
Use ESC before local command in terminal mode
XOFF testing used in terminal mode file output
LF NOT sent after CR in "L" or "T" for a disk file

Char. delay (terminal file mode) is:   2 ms. per character
Line  delay (terminal file mode) is: 200 ms. per character

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


DISCUSSION OF TYPICAL PARMETERS SHOWN BY THE "?" COMMAND:
--------------------------------------------------------

     By this time, most of these parameters are self-explanatory.  They
primarily show how the options and toggles have been set.  The user can
check on any of the major parameters at any time by:

	  1) Typing ESC E to return to command mode and
	  2) Typing  ?	to see the list of current parameters.

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


FUNCTION KEYS:
-------------

     There are 10 function keys which may be easily programmed with an
external file called I2FUNC.COM in just a few moments.	It makes the
changes directly to the IMP.COM file.  (There is an additional ESC L
log-on selection that is programmable in your overlay.)

     To view the contents of the function keys, type 'M' for menu while
on the command line and it will show the character currently used for
the function key intercept.  (It will be ESC unless you select another.)
You could then type that character (followed by <cr>) on the command
line and it will display the entire contents of the function keys.

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


CHANGING THE PHONE NUMBER LIBRARY:
---------------------------------

     The phone numbers in the library may be easily changed using an
external file called I2LIB.COM.  This permits any of the 36 phone num-
bers to be changed in only a few seconds.  It works directly on the
IMP.COM file.  If extensive changes are to be made, you may prefer
to use an overlay file called I2NM-1.ASM.  This permits using your
editor to make quick and selective changes, or to substitute an entire
new library.  (You may need to add or remove things like '1-' for long
distance dialing in your area.)  That file also is used to set the
alternate long-distance dialing routines for SPRINT, MCI, TYMNET, etc.

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -

RETRY OPTION:
------------

     The consecutive error limit has been set to 10.  When transferring
files, if this limit is reached, the file transfer will be aborted.

-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -	-   -


INSTALLING THE PROGRAM:
----------------------

     Although this is obviously the very first thing that needs to be
done, it was saved until last for several reasons.  The most important
of these was the need to first explain what some of the options will do
when selected.

     By this time the user should have a fairly good idea what options
would work best for him.  When looking at the beginning of the program
where the these are selected, it should now be rather easy to pick the
ones that are most useful.

     There are various ways to change the program to suit a specific
user.  You are offered several methods.  The "easy way" is to get the
IMP.COM file plus the appropriate overlay for your computer.  You then
edit the overlay (if needed) to suit your local needs, assemble it to
get a .HEX file then use the simple instruction and DDT.COM to combine
the standard IMP.COM file with your overlay.  The front end of each
overlay contains all the information in the front of the IMP program.

     Generally no changes need to be made in specific overlays unless
you have some particular requirement different from others using the
same equipment.  (Such as the log-on message, for example.)

     You can also use DDT to change specific bytes without editing and
assembling.

NOTE:	Although designed with special emphasis on the auto-dialing and
	redialing capability of 1200 or 2400 bps modems using the Racal-
	Vadic or 'AT' protocol developed by Hayes, the program may be
	used with other modems where the operator manually dials the
	number, then changes to terminal mode after connecting his modem.


OUR THANKS TO:
-------------

     A great number of people have been beta-testing this program and
offering suggestions.  In particular I wish to thank Wayne Masters, Roy
Robinson and Tom Brady.

     We hope this verstile program will give you hours of enjoyment and
fulfill your modem needs.  It is particularly useful with the 2400 bps
modems that have automatic stepdown.

					 - Irv Hoff W6FFC
 **************************************

           documemtation file

           fOR inspector disk

 **************************************

 iNSPECTOR dISK GIVES A FULL READ-OUT

 OF all DISK DATA.tHIS COMPRISES THE

 FOLLOWING :

     1] dIRECTORY TRACK & SECTOR

     2] iNDEX INTO THE SECTOR THAT THE

        FILE LIVES IN.

     3] fILE NAME

     4] bLOCKS USED BY A FILE

     5] tYPE OF FILE

     6] tRACK & SECTOR OF 1ST DATA

        BLOCK OF FILE

     7] fIRST SIDE-SECTOR TRACK &

        SECTOR LINK FOR rel FILES

     8] rECORD LENGTH OF EACH RECORD

        WITHIN A rel FILE

     9] tOTAL NUMBER OF BLOCKS used

        ON THE DISKETTE



 aLL DATA CAN BE SHOWN ON THE SCREEN

 OR TO A PRINTER.





















































































 hERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A READ-OUT :



    18:7:162   53 xmodem     prg

    trk 8   sec 2



 aNY ONE TYPE OF FILE CAN BE CHOOSEN

 TO BE READ (I.E. seq FILES ONLY) OR

 ALL FILE TYPES CAN BE ANALIZED.



 **************************************



This file is intended for one whose
terminal program does not permit
downloading using a file transfer
protocol, such as Xmodem or CompuServe
B protocol.  Only the capability to
capture a text file to a buffer, and
then to SAVE the file to diskette, is
necessary.  The procedure is as
follows:

Type in the BASIC program that follows
these instructions, and SAVE it to
disk.  Then, log onto CIS and work your
way to the library where the file that
you want resides.  REAd the file, as
you are reading this file, but instead
of typing in REA, type REA INT.  The
file in question may be binary, ascii,
or image.  After you enter the filename
in response to the filename prompt,
open your capture buffer BEFORE you
press RETURN.  When you see "Press
<CR> !" at the end of the file, close
your capture buffer.  Off-line, you can
SAVE the file to disk.  Next, LOAD the
BASIC program that you typed in and RUN
it.  Enter the filename of the file
that you captured at the prompt.  Wash
your car, mow the lawn, start a jigsaw
puzzle or whatever.  After what seems
like an eternity, the activity light of
the drive should go out, and the
desired file should b	listed in the
disk directory as the original filename
followed by a plus sign.  It can, of
course, be renamed by typing in:

OPEN15,8,15,"R0:NEWNAME=OLDNAME"
CLOSE15

The size of the captured file is
limited to 36864 bytes.  If the file is
an IMG (image) file, the six byte
header can be stripped by changing the
0 in line 320 of the BASIC program to
6.  The intel protocol that is used
when you REAd INTel, sends the file in
hexadecimal format, with more error
checking than is done using Xmodem.  If
an error	s detected by the BASIC
program, the message "DATA ERROR" will
be seen and the operation aborted.  You
will then have to REAd INTel the file
again, possibly at a lower baud rate.
The assumption is made that ascii to
petascii conversion is taking place, as
in normal creation of a text file on
disk.  Make sure that the conversion
(or translation) is not disabled.
The BASIC program:

10 poke56,16:poke55,0:clr:b=4096:c=b
20 r=0:s=1:k=r:z=r:v=r:d=183:e=135:m=10
30 f$="":input"filename";f$
40 iff$=""then30
50 o	n8,8,8,"0:"+f$
60 poke781,8:sys65478
70 ifz<>kthen120
80 z=r:q=r:y=r
90 sys65508:g=peek(780)
100 ifg<>58andst=rthen90
110 ifstthen290
120 sys65508:h=peek(780)
130 sys65508:l=peek(780)
140 gosub180
150 iffthenprint"data error":goto340
160 ifstthen290
170 goto70
180 x=h:gosub270
190 a=x:x=l:gosub270:p=16*a+x
200 z=z+s:onzgoto230,240,250,260
210 ifz=kthenf=q+pand255:return
220 q=q+p:v=v+s:pokeb,p:b=b+s:return
230 q=q+p:k=p+5:return
240 y=256*p+y:q=q+p:return
250 y=p+y:q=q+p:f=y-v:return
260 q=q+p:f=p:return
	0 x=x-d:ifx<mthenx=x+e
280 return
290 close8:sys65484
300 open8,8,1,"@0:"+f$+"+"
310 poke781,8:sys65481
320 fori=c+0tob-s:poke780,peek(i)
330 sys65490:next
340 poke56,160:close8:clr

======================== 
MSDOS : C-128 Interface 

    By: Carl F Howard      
        [CHUCK.WAGON]     
           05-27-87
========================

     It  is  becoming  more  common in this day and age not to  just  own  one 
Personal Computer but in fact 2 and maybe more. A recent survey showed that as
much as 66% of those people who own one P.C. usually have, or buy a second one.
Many of us started out with a Commodore 64 or 128 as our first PC and have for
various  reasons moved up to an MSDOS Compatible machine,  mainly due  to  the 
Power  and  relatively Inexpensive prices for which a Clone may  be  Purchased 
these  days.  Even   the folks  at Commodore have seen Blue and come out  with 
their own versions of MSDOS machines.

      If your like myself, you find yourself with one machine for Play and one
for Work.  However there are lots of things that you can do with both machines
For  example,  word  processing and data base chores can be  handled  on  both 
machines and although the Commodore Program files are not compatible with an
MSDOS  machine  most Commodore Data files I found,  are easily converted  into 
Standard ASCII files and are very usable on my clone.

      Many MSDOS Word processing programs can handle ASCII text files and have
both  importing  and exporting capabilities for files in this  format.  As  an 
example,  I use Time Works Word Writer - 128 on my C-128. The Sequential ASCII 
files  created by Word Writer can easily be used with both the CP/M and  MSDOS 
Versions of Word Star and these files can easily be used with another  popular 
MSDOS  Program  FIRST  CHOICE by PFS.  The Key to Compatibility  here  is  the 
necessary conversion too a Standard format which is of course ASCII.  One Note 
on  the  negative side however is that when swapping Text files  between  word 
processors  you will have too run your files through a filter program to Strip 
Printer Control Characters,  if you have used them, and re-insert the codes in 
your new format.  This however is a small and easy price to pay when  compared 
to manually retyping entire documents.

      I  have  also had a great deal of success with The Shareware Program  PC 
File by Jim Button.  This Program available here on GEnie in both the CP/M and 
IBM  versions  is a very easy to use Data Base program which can  easily  swap 
data  files between either Mode.  additionally the IBM version  has   Powerful 
Importing  Utility  features  which with a little practice can  allow  you  to 
convert  just  about any kind of formatted ASCII text file in to a  Data  Base 
file. This means that those Large Data Files Which were taking you for ever to 
sort  on  your C-64  and 1541 can now take just seconds on your MSDOS  machine 
(I'm  not exaggerating  the  difference  in  disk  drive speeds  is  awesome). 
Additionally the IBM version features a 32,000 plus record capacity which will 
tackle  just  about any Home or Small Business application you could  imagine.                                      

     The  problem  with conversion of files is that even with the now  popular 
Traslation  programs for the C-128 such as "Cross Link" and "Big Blue  Reader" 
there  are  still  some very definite "file size" limitations for  making  the 
tansfers.  Also if you don't own a 1571 Disk Drive or a C-128 there is no  way 
of  physically transferring files with a C-64 and 1541.  As a result,  you may 
find  as another very desirable and inexpensive option is to Connect your  two 
Machines together and let them chat directly.  In fact one of the first things 
I  did  shortly  after buying my Clone was to run out to  my  Local  Commodore 
Dealer  and  Purchase the Aprotek Universal RS-232  Expansion  Interface  (You 
should be able to purchase this or a comparable unit for between $30 and $50).

     The Aprotek Interface connects to the User Port of your 128 or 64 and has 
an  extension slot in its rear end so you can still use your existing modem or 
printer  interface.  A  Cable running from the side of the  interface   has  a 
Standard  DB-25  Serial Connector that plugs into to the Serial Port  of  your 
Clone.  You  then set Switch 1 on the interface to "Inverted" and Switch 3  to 
Printer  B" load up your favorite Communications Software on Both Machines and 
your ready to make your file transfers.

     It really is that simple.  Note You Do not Need a modem on Either Machine 
to make this hook up,  You just need Terminal Programs to make your transfers, 
similar  to how you currently upload and download files here  on  GEnie.  Also 
Your  Clone  Must have A Serial Port,  This shouldn't be a problem since  most 
Clones  Equipped with a Multi-I/O Board feature this option.  As a  matter  of 
fact I don't have a Modem in my clone. I let my C-128 do all my Communications 
work and then transfer files via the Interface to the Clone.  This may sound a 
little  cumbersome  but you can crank both the Commodore and the Clone  up  to 
2400  Baud (provided your software will allow it) so the second transfer  goes 
rather  quickly.  As  you  can see this little investment in hardware  on  the 
Commodore can save you a $100 or more for that second modem for the clone  and 
you can still do all your On-Line chores as usual. 

     Anyway, thats it for this time, as you can see I've tinkered with my toys
quite extensively and picked up a trick or two along the way.  If you have any 
questions  concerning  Commodore/CPM/MSDOS compatability feel free to drop  me 
Some E-Mail and I'll be happy to be of whatever help I can.


Regards...

 -=[CARL]=- 

74000,3077 ON CIS

[CHUCK.WAGON] ON GEnie

=========================
C-128 Compatibility
By: Carl F Howard
    [CHUCK.WAGON]
     09-19-1987
========================
                                                                           
     This   is   an    article   on   the   aspects   of   compatibility   of                  
the   C-128  and other operating systems and software available to facilitate 
the importing and exporting of data. This article centers on the CP/M mode of 
operation although the discussion will cover the various modes of the C-128 
as well.
                                                                            
     Even though  the C-128 utilizes 8-bit CPU's it's diversity as a personal 
computer for home and small business purposes is one of it's main Assets, and 
I am  sure many new users of the machine aren't even aware of the  capacities 
available to them.  Aside  from  playing your favorite games in C-64 mode the 
native 128 80 column capabilities allows much convenience for the use of pro-
ductivity applications to the new user. 

     There is already a wide base of Word Processing,  Data Base and Spread  
Sheet Software available for use.  Additionally by utilizing the CP/M mode of 
operation  users can take advantage of Business Applications and a huge  base 
of public Domain Software as well.  Also, it is possible to use your C-128 to 
process  data brought home from the office or school which was created on  an 
MSDOS machine.  This  article  will  help  you become  aware  of the  various 
different  disk  and data type formats and the software available to  convert 
data for your particular application.

     First  it is necessary for the new user to understand a little about the 
way  information is stored in the commodore computer and how it differs  from 
other types of computers used in the U.S.  As you are aware all data utilized 
by  a  computer is essentially processed in binary numbers in  the  forms  of 
zeros  and  ones.  This  represents  the on and off state  of  an  individual 
transistor switch in the intergrated chips of your computer.  This is  simple 
enough  as far as it goes but how does the computer know when you press a key 
on the keyboard what your pressing and what it means.

     Well  each  key  has a numeric value assigned to it.  The value  can  be 
expressed in Decimal,  Hexadecimal or binary form. And it is this value which 
is converted to a binary number that allows the computer to distinguish  what 
key is being pressed and what it means. Most computers used in the U.S. use a 
standard code called ASCII which assigns a value of decimal 1 to decimal  128 
to  characters used by them.  Commodore in their unique wisdom however  chose 
not  to  use  this  standard an developed a character  set  unique  to  there 
machines  using  decimal codes 1 to 256.  So in order to use data created  by 
other  machines it is necessary to convert it too PETASCII code a form  which 
your Commodore computer can understand.

     Aside from the data differences Commodore also chose to use a  different 
way of storing  information on their floppy disk as well. Mostly their reason 
for this was to build a cheaper disk drive. They use GCR format as opposed to 
MFM  format for the rest of the U.S.  computer industry.  I won't go into the 
difference  here  but,  it is nice to know that the 1571 Disk Drive  has  the 
capability of reading and writing to both formats with the use of the  proper 
software.  We'll  get into this  more bellow.  The thing to remember here  is 
that  all Native Commodore operating systems (home computers) including  CP/M 
use the GCR format.

     Well  armed with this information what else do we need to know?  For one 
it  is important to know whether you are using a single or double sided  disk 
format.  For  another it is important to know which operating system (or disk 
drive)  your  disk was formatted on.  The types of disk formats  we  will  be 
discussing here are the following:

a.  C-64    Single Sided  1541 
b.  C-128   Single Sided  1571 (1541 compatible)
c.  C-128   Double Sided  1571 (not 1541 compatible)
d.  C-128   CP/M (GCR) 1571 Single Sided (1541 compatible))
e.  C-128   CP/M (GCR) 1571 Double Sided (not 1541 Compatible))
f.  C-128   CP/M (MFM) IBM (CP/M-86) Single Sided 1571 (not 1541 Compatible))
g.  C-128   CP/M (MFM) IBM (CP/M-86) Double Sided 1571 (not 1541 Compatible))
h.  MSDOS   IBM Double Sided (9 tracks) DOS Version 2.0 or higher.

     As you can see I have listed the Disk types in upward compatible  order. 
Commodore did develop a CP/M version (2.2) for the C-64 which required an add 
on  cartridge to implement and as such I've included it in our list  although 
we  will  be  discussing the 128 Version here which is CP/M + (Ver  3.0)  and 
takes advantage of the 128's Banked Memory (additional 64k as opposed to only  
64k for Ver 2.2).

    The  Stock C-128 CP/M Operating System which comes with the  computer  is  
capable of reading and writing formats d.  e.  f. & g. noted above. The stock 
system  is  also capable of reading  Kaypro And Epson Formats  as  well.  The 
System  will automatically identify the disk type in current use in the lower 
right  hand corner of your monitor.  Note when a disk format other than a 128 
Single  or Double Sided format is used the user must tell the system  whether 
or  not the non-128 formatted disk is a single or double sided disk.  This is 
done  by  pressing the left or right arrow keys on the top row  next  to  the 
function  keys.  Failing  to identify the correct format can cause disk  read  
and  write  errors  so be sure to properly set the  system  for  the  correct 
format.   

     There are Two Public Domain Programs available that will enhance the  C-
128  Systems  ability to read write and format other CP/M formats.  They  are 
Called NFORMAT.COM and UNIDRIVE.LBR.  NFORMAT will allow you to format all of 
the  formats  indicated above and Osborne DD formats as well.  Unidrive  will 
allow  you  to  read/write up to 10 formats out of a  menu  of  25  different 
formats  not  supported by the stock O/S.  Although there are more than  200+ 
CP/M formats these 25 will surely enhance your systems capabilities and cover 
a range of the more popular formats you will encounter. 
 
     More  than likely at some point you will want to transfer data you  have 
created on your C-64 or 128 in native mode.  The stock system can't do  this. 
But don't get discouraged.  A real Nifty Program to read and transfer/convert 
Data  from  your  Commodore  disk has been put in the Public  Domain  by  Rob 
Tiloston called RDCBM21.LBR.  It will allow you to transfer binary  (program) 
files or sequential files you have created in native mode to your Ram Disk or 
second Disk Drive while you are in CP/M operating mode. The program will also 
convert  PETASCII  to ASCII for you as well.  CP/M uses ASCII files and  your 
Commodore  text files will have to be converted for you to use them  in  CP/M 
mode.  The program is very helpful in this respect and eliminates your having 
to use other utility files for the conversion. The other nice feature of this 
program is that you can transfer CP/M program files you have down loaded with 
your Native terminal program to a Commodore formatted disk directly to a CP/M 
disk  or  your  RAM disk while in CP/M mode.  This is a much  eaiser  way  of 
accomplishing  transfers than some of the earlier transfer programs that came 
out in the beginning days of C-128 CP/M.  The program is menu driven and easy 
to use and I highly recommend it for anyone just beginning in CP/M mode.  

     While  we're on the topic of Commodore to CP/M transfers I'll shift back 
into  Native mode transfer programs for just a moment.  There are 2  programs 
that  are available for use in 128 Mode to facilitate Disk to Disk  transfers 
of  Data.  One  is  a DEMO program of a commercial program  called  Big  Blue 
Reader and it will allow you to view MSDOS Data files on your 128. The actual 
program will implement full file transfers and I believe the current  version 
also supports CP/M transfer as well. The suggested retail price is $29.95. 

     The other Program is called CROSSLINK2.LBR,  CrossLink is a fully imple-
mented menu Driven Disk to Disk (2nd Drive optional)  transfer  program  that 
will   make just about any kind of transfer/conversion you can think  of.  It 
will  handle CBM,  CP/M and IBM Disk formats and  do  ASCII  PETASCII conver-
sions  as well PRG and Screen file conversions too.  This means that it  will 
convert just about any Commodore text file format into a usable CP/M or MSDOS 
format  that you require.  You can also use it to convert different text file 
formats  used by the various Commodore word processing applications  programs 
too. It is an absolute MUST HAVE utility for any one using more than one type 
of word processor on their Commodore computer. 

     The  major draw back with using either of these two programs  though  is 
that  they  are limited in the size of the files that they  can  transfer  to 
about  200 disk blocks or 40k of memory.  This is because they store the data 
being transferred in a RAM buffer and Don't transfer the data directly.  This 
can  be overcome by splitting a larger file into smaller ones for text  files 
but you will not have this option in the case of a Program  ARC or LBR  files 
which can't be split. For larger files you are going to have to use the RDCBM
program  above or employ a direct conversion method of tranfering  your  data 
such  as  a Null Modem Cable (See my article C-128 Interface for more info on 
this method).

     Now back to CP/M mode,  to use an MSDOS formatted disk on your 128 there 
is  a  program called RDMS233C.LBR.  This program will allow you to  copy  an 
MSDOS  disk  file directly to your RAM disk or second  drive.  File  size  is 
limited only to the available disk space.  The only problem with this program 
however  is that it will only read an MSDOS disk not write to it.  To get the 
Data back to an MSDOS format you will have to copy it to a CP/M disk and  use 
the Crosslink program noted above.

     For  those of you who will be doing a lot of MSDOS / CP/M transfers  and
don't  want to go through the Gymnastics of multiple file conversions I would 
highly recommend an MSDOS Program called UNIFORM.  It is a commercial program 
which  retails for $59.95 available at most retail software outlets that will 
allow  you to read/write CP/M disk on the second floppy drive of  your  MSDOS 
machine.  It  supports over 200+ CP/M formats and you can take your work home 
and  bring it back the next day if you use one of the Alternate  MFM  formats 
supported on the Commodore 128 noted above.  It's well worth the price if you 
do  a  lot  of  work at home and don't want to spend the extra  time  at  the 
office. 

     Well  that's  about all for now if you have questions or need help  with 
any  of  these programs drop me a line and I'll be glad to  offer  what  ever 
assistance I can. 

Happy *Puting*    
 -=[CARL]=- 

  7400,3077     ON CIS  
  
  [CHUCK.WAGON] ON GEnie               First look at: International FontPack
 
 
    International FontPack from Berkeley Softworks is a new package consisting
of a new version of Arthur J. Dahm III's geoFont font editor, and a number of
font files, some with European-language characters added.  This product was
advertised in the geoRAM mailing, which indicated it would only be available
directly from BSW.
 
 
What's in the box?
 
    : International FontPack User's Manual, with instructions in English,
      German, Italian, and French, and printout for each font-type and size.
    : Product registration card.  The address on the card is in France.
      and, of course,
    : geoFont v2.0
    : 39 font files
 
What's on the disk?
 
    The fonts will largely be familiar to GEOS users.  They are:
 
 
    ID#:
Hex     Dec     Font Name:
 
050     80     Roma_DA
04E     78     University_DA
02D     45     Roma_FR
02B     43     University_FR
040     64     Roma_GE
038     56     University_GE
037     55     Roma_IT
035     53     University_IT
055     85     Roma_SE
053     83     University_SE
029     41     Roma_SP
03F     63     University_SP
03C     60     Roma_SW
03A     58     University_SW
046     70     Roma_UK
044     68     University_UK
045     69     California_UK
048     72     Cory_UK
047     71     Dwinelle_UK
00B     11     Boalt
012     18     Bowditch
016     22     Brennens
007     7      Bubble
017     23     Channing
00F     15     Durant
014     20     Elmwood
00E     14     Evans
008     8      FontKnox
009     9      Harmon
015     21     Hearst
019     25     LeConte
013     19     Ormond
00A     10     Mykonos
018     24     Putnam
00C     12     Stadium
011     17     Superb
010     16     Telegraph
00D     13     Tilden
006     6      Tolman
 
NOTE:    DA = Danish
         FR = French
         GE = German
         IT = Italian
         SE = Swedish
         SP = Spanish
         SW = Swiss
         UK = British
 
as you can see, there are a number of European versions of the original GEOS
fonts, plus the US versions of the FontPack I fonts.  Note that the
Hearst/Brennens ID collision that was present in FontPack I has been fixed.
    Each of the European fonts has one to eight special characters replacing
less-frequently used GEOS characters.  The manual shows how to generate these
characters for a variety of different 64 and 128 national models, which have
different keyboards.
 
Features:
 
    geoFont v2.0, in and of itself, is a fine font editor.  It works properly,
allowing the user to alter existing fonts, or to create new ones from scratch.
It suffers badly from comparison to Jim Collette's Font Editor 2.5, however.
geoFont runs only in 40 columns, where Font Editor 2.5 runs in both 40 and 80.
Font Editor implements a useful "scaling" feature that makes it possible to
quickly generate new point sizes in existing fonts.  No such feature is
present in geoFont.  While the info box for geoFont mentions that it can be
used with Mega fonts, this is not covered in the User Manual, and there is no
online help in the program.  To the best of my knowledge, the only way to
create a Mega font with this program would be with the tedious techniques
outlined by Susan Lamb in geoWorld #20.  Collette's editor made these
techniques obsolete by the time that article was published.  With that editor,
the creation of Mega fonts is virtually identical to that of conventional
fonts.
 
 
Problems:
 
    No problems with geoFont, or with the fonts themselves, were noted in my
testing.
 
 
In conclusion:
 
    Those looking for a font editor would do better with Jim Collette's Font
Editor 2.5, part of his Font Collection 2.  See recent issues of geoWorld for
ordering information.  The bulk of the fonts in International FontPack are
already in many GEOS users collections.  The European fonts are new, and
worthwhile for those who need them.  With any font editor, you can make your
own custom fonts, including these and other characters.
    The "mail order only" policy and the French address on the registration
card make it clear that this product is really intended for the European GEOS
community.  This package will be of value to US users who don't have FontPack
I, those who wish to use geoWrite to communicate with European friends, and
those who feel the need to own everything BSW sells.
This file is intended for one whose
terminal program does not permit
downloading using a file transfer
protocol, such as Xmodem or CompuServe
B protocol.  Only the capability to
capture a text file to a buffer, and
then to SAVE the file to diskette, is
necessary.  The procedure is as
follows:

Type in the BASIC program that follows
these instructions, and SAVE it to
disk.  Then, log onto CIS and work your
way to the library where the file that
you want resides.  REAd the file, as
you are reading this file, but instead
of typing in REA, type REA INT.  The
file in question may be binary, ascii,
or image.  After you enter the filename
in response to the filename prompt,
open your capture buffer BEFORE you
press RETURN.  When you see "Press
<CR> !" at the end of the file, close
your capture buffer.  Off-line, you can
SAVE the file to disk.  Next, LOAD the
BASIC program that you typed in and RUN
it.  Enter the filename of the file
that you captured at the prompt.  The
processing should then begin.  When the
activity light of the drive goes out,
the disk directory should list the
desired file as the original filename
followed by a plus sign.  It can, of
course, be renamed by typing in:

OPEN15,8,15,"R0:NEWNAME=OLDNAME"
CLOSE15

The size of the captured file is
limited to 49437 bytes.  If the file is
an IMG (image) file, the six byte
header must be stripped in order to RUN
the program.  That can be done by
changing the 0 in line 40 of the BASIC
program to 6.  The INTEL protocol used
when you REAd INTel, sends the file in
hexadecimal format, with more error
checking than is done using Xmodem.  If
an error is detected by the BASIC
program, the message "DATA ERROR" will
be seen and the operation aborted.  You
will then have to REAd INTel the file
again, possibly at a lower baud rate.
The assumption is made that ascii to
petascii conversion is taking place, as
in normal creation of a text file on
disk.  Make sure that the conversion
(or translation) is not disabled.
The BASIC program:

10 z=1:ifathen40
20 fori=53021to53247:ready
30 pokei,y:b=b+y:next:printb-32457
40 poke53022,0
50 poke2053,65:poke55,255:poke56,13:clr
60 input"filename";f$:iff$=""then60
70 open8,8,8,f$:sys53021
80 ifpeek(2)thenprint"data error"
90 poke55,0:poke56,160:clr
100 data169,0,133,172,162,0,134,174,134
110 data155,134,156,134,2,202,134,139
120 data134,140,169,14,133,173,133,175
130 data162,8,32,198,255,166,139,228
140 data140,208,82,162,0,134,139,134
150 data141,134,143,32,228,255,201,58
160 data208,47,165,144,240,63,169,8,32
170 data195,255,32,204,255,164,183,169
180 data43,145,187,230,183,198,1,169,1
190 data133,185,32,192,255,162,8,32,201
200 data255,160,0,32,36,246,230,1,169
210 data8,32,195,255,96,165,144,208,209
220 data240,196,166,141,134,2,165,2
230 data208,236,165,144,208,195,240
240 data168,32,228,255,72,32,228,255
250 data170,104,168,138,32,246,207,133
260 data150,152,32,246,207,10,10,10
270 data10,5,150,168,101,141,133,141
280 data152,230,139,166,139,228,140
290 data240,202,202,240,27,202,240,30
300 data202,240,31,202,240,40,230,155
310 data208,2,230,156,160,0,145,174
320 data230,174,208,180,230,175,208,176
330 data105,5,133,140,208,170,133,143
340 data144,166,197,155,208,12,165,143
350 data197,156,208,6,176,154,133,2
360 data144,150,202,208,145,56,233
370 data183,201,16,144,2,233,121,96

One final note.  When the BASIC program
is first RUN, a 0 should appear above
the filename prompt.  If a different
number appears, it indicates that the
numbers in the DATA statements are
incorrect.  A common error made when
typing in the numbers, is following the
last number of a line with a comma.
No line in THIS program should end with
a comma.


Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 1



Contents:    I.    Building the Unix 128 System...................1
             II.   Distribution and Rights........................1
             III.  Introduction to the Unix 128 System............2
             IV.   Introduction to ftp............................3
             V.    Introduction to the nroff Package..............5
             VI.   Introduction to the as Assembler...............7
             VII.  Introduction to the emacs Text Editor..........9
             VIII. Introduction to Telecommunications With tip....11

I.  Building the Unix 128 System.
     1.  System requirements:  a Commodore 128 computer, a 1571 disk drive, and
an 80-column RGB monitor.
     2.  Most people will fetch this system via anonymous ftp to the Milton ftp
site.  If this is the case, you must get the two .lnx files (unix128v3a.lnx and
unix128v3b.lnx), and download them in binary mode  (as  well as  the  lynx.c128
de-archiver, also found at Milton.)  Save these files on one double-sided disk,
and unarchive them.
     3. It is necessary to write all the other necessary system files  to  disk
by  typing  RUN "MAKE" from BASIC. This writes 8 SEQ files (.login [system init
file], author [about me], nroff.hlp [a help file  for  nroff,  accessable  from
emacs by  typing  ESC-x nroff], nroff.tbl [the printer table for nroff], passwd
[the system  password  file],  stdlib.i  [assembler  macros],   polish.ef   and
cyrillic.ef [polish and russian fonts for emacs- ESC-X FONT]) to the disk.
     The last system file that needs to be written is the disk  directory.   To
write this,  you  need  to  log  in (if it asks you for a username/password use
root/root.) and type % fsck.  This does  a  filesystem  consistency  check  and
writes the filesystem to the disk.
     That's all there is to it...



II.  Distribution and Rights.
     1. This set of programs is distributed without warranty  or  guarantee  of
any kind (in other words, if it transforms your 128 into a thermonuclear device
and vaporizes your neighborhood upon execution, it's not my fault.)
     2.  This program set may be freely redistributed as long  as  it's  intact
with  all documentation and code (excluding the sources, which no one needs). I
wish for my name to stay with the package,  and I  retain  all  copyrights  and
patents to all the source code that I wrote. Don't even think of copying any of
this stuff under your own name (or even worse-  selling  it...).  The  built-in
wrongdoing-detection circuits  will  take control of the nearest Electric Knife
and kill you.
     3.  Bug reports, gripes, $10 if you like this program may be sent to:
             Gregg Riedel
             20 Ellbert Street
             Smithtown, NY 11787
(it's my home address, but it's a little more stable than my college  address.)
I will probably graduate SUNY-Binghamton around Spring '93 - I should retain my
Consultant account until then:  consp24@bingvaxu.cc.binghamton.edu




Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 2


III.   Introduction to the Unix 128 System:

Unix 128 is not "real Unix" by definition.  A "real Unix" system:
     1. is multiprocessing- it can do more than one task "at  the  same  time."
This  feature could be emulated (partially) in software on the 128, but it would
be so slow and limited that it would cripple the system.
     2. has true pipelining-  input and output can be freely redirected.   Unix
128 does not have true pipelining.  However, you can freely redirect just about
any output to a file or the printer (by ending a  command  line  with  lpr  or
>filename).  I'll probably reserve true input redirection for a later release.
     3. has a true heirarchial filesystem-   Implementing  a  true  heirarchial
filesystem in  which  Unix  controlled  all  aspects of disk i/o would mean not
having compatibility with CBM DOS disks, which I wanted to retain.

Functions Compatible with "Real" Unix:

In addition to being a useful tool for development and  for  learning  to  move
through a  Unix  environment, Unix 128 has some features useful for interaction
with Unix mainframes:

1.  tip:  The tip modem package will interface through a modem to  most  remote
"real  Unix"   systems.   It  provides  (almost)  VT-100  compatibility,  VT-52
compatibility, and a raw mode for communication with other Commodore systems.

2.  tar:  tar is the tape archive that  "real  Unix"  systems  use  to  combine
multiple files  into  one  file to place on a backup tape.  Unix 128's tar will
both create and dissolve these tar files in  a  format  compatible  with  "real
Unix."  Note:   if you dissolve a tar created on "real Unix" that contains text
files, these files will be in ASCII format, not PETSCII format (tHE  cASES  aRE
rEVERSED).  You  can  invoke  'dd'  with  the -s option to fix this problem (in
English, type 'dd -s oldfile newfile')

3.  uuencode/uudecode:  This is a coder/decoder package that makes "real  Unix"
binaries into  text  files  for  mailing.   The  Unix 128 versions of these two
programs should be compatible with "real  Unix",  with  the  exception  of  the
ASCII/PETSCII problem mentioned above.

4.  nroff: nroff will accept documents formatted for nroff or troff without the
special macros  for  tables  and  equations  ("standard" nroff).  This is quite
helpful when you'd like to edit a paper  on  a  unix  mainframe,  but  continue
editing and print or preview the paper at home under Unix 128.








Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 3



IV.  Introduction to ftp

ftp, the file transfer program, is a combination  of  a  unique  file  transfer
protocol and a  set  of terminal instructions designed to transmit and recieve
files and other data between two Unix 128 sites.  It is not compatible with the
Internet ftp used between BSD, DEC, SUN and other large-scale Unix systems.  It
is not used for remote login to any system- use 'tip' for logins.

The ftp command invokes one of two modes. The first mode (remote terminal mode)
is used  to  originate  a modem communications link to another Unix 128 system.
The second mode (server mode) is used to answer incoming calls  and  act  as  a
fileserver.

To invoke remote terminal mode, type % ftp or  % ftp phone-number.  If a  phone
number is given, ftp will automatically dial that number and attempt to connect
to another Unix 128 system (the system you dial must already be running in  ftp
server mode.)

To invoke server mode, type % ftp -s.  ftp will wait for  the  phone  to  ring,
answer it, and begin the session.

                       --- Remote Terminal Commands ---

The following commands are available at the ftp> prompt:

?              Get help (list the command summary)
ascii          Save incoming files as SEQ, don't convert PETSCII<->ASCII
binary         Save incoming files as PRG, don't convert PETSCII<->ASCII
bye            Hang up the phone, quit ftp and return to Unix 128
cd [dir]       Change directory to [dir]
close          Hang up the phone but do not exit ftp.
convert        Binary conversion of PRG files to SEQ files.
dir            Read current remote directory
get [file]     Get a file from the remote system.  Select ascii, text, or
               binary first to assure the proper file type and conversion.
hash           Show a hash mark (#) for every 512 bytes transferred.  This
               command toggles hash mark printing on and off.
open [number]  Dial a phone numbr and attempt to connect to a remote system.
send [file]    Send a file to the remote system.
text           Save incoming files as SEQ files, convert PETSCII<->ASCII
               (There is almost no need for this command.  When in doubt,
               use ascii and convert later with 'dd -s')


                           --- Server Commands ---

The server allows 1 input: CTRL-C to break if someone is  NOT  connected.   File
transfers and directory requests are automatic.  Important:  the server doesn't
know what type of file isn't incoming, so it saves everything as  un-translated
program (PRG)  files.  If you need to do a translation later, use the 'convert'
command from the ftp> prompt.







Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 4



                           --- The ftp Protocol ---

ftp uses a special X-Modem derived protocol for  file  transfers.  First,  a
request goes from the remote terminal to the server telling it to either send
or receive a file. The file is sent in 128 byte blocks in the following
format:

                    [ 127 bytes of data ] [ control byte ]

The control byte is one of three values.  If it is 0, another block is  coming.
If it  is Control-Y or Control-Z, then this is the last block and the last byte
of valid data is the one that is not equal to the control  byte  (If  the  last
valid byte  is  not  Control-Z then the control byte will be Control-Z.  If the
last valid byte is Control-Z, Control-Y will be the control byte.)

All data connections are done with 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, at  1200
baud.






Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 5



V.  Introduction to the nroff Package.

nroff is a text formatting package that is "mostly" compatible with plain nroff
and troff source files (no macros are included with
this release for table (tbl)
or equation (eqn) processing). nroff is not a "word processor" or "editor", but
a pass-thru text formatter. You must enter text on any editor or word processor
(emacs is fine) and then type % nroff -p file to print it or  % nroff  -v  file
to preview it.

nroff provides the powerful features associated with many  word  processors.  A
short list of features includes:

- n-line spacing (single space, double space ...)
- line justification
- centering
- right alignment
- multiple columns (1, 2, or 3 columns)
- printer-dependent function macros for underline, reverse, italics, bold,
     super- and subscript and custom graphics
- 3-part headers (left, center, and right aligned)
- full control of page offset, line length, and page length

                         --- Command Line Options ---

nroff may be invoked with several command-line options in the format:
% nroff (options) filename
The options are:
   -i  Interactive formatting setup first.
   -v  Video preview only
   -p  Print document only
   -S  Use my own symbol table instead of 'nroff.tbl.'  Example:  -Smytable
A command line might look like: % nroff -i -Smytable -p thisfile.
The nroff command takes a single document filename.

                         --- Formatting Commands ---

All formatting commands must begin with a period (.) that is at  the  far  left
(first column)  of the source document.   The following list can be viewed from
within emacs by typing ESC-X NROFF. The formatting commands are as follows:

 .bn N         Bold the next N input lines.*
 .bp (N)       Forced end-of-page (if N is given, it is the next page number.)
 .br           Break (exit this file).
 .ce N         Center the next N input lines.
 .cl N         Break text into N (=1,2,3) columns
 .cs N         Put N spaces between columns, if appropriate
 .de \xx yy    Define macro \xx as the string yy.
 .dr           Use draft mode.*
 .ec C         Set the escape character to C (default=\).
 .eo           Ignore escape codes.
 .ex           Exit this file.
 .fc           Tell nroff to begin a new page to force changes made to be
                    interpreted (column changes, header changes etc...)
 .ft fontname  Use font 'fontname'.  This is understood but ignored.
 .il N         Italicize the next N input lines.*
 .in N         Indent paragraphs N spaces (default=5).







Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 6



 .ll N         Set line length to N characters.
 .lm N         Set left margin to N characters (default=0).
 .ls N         Set line spacing to N (1=single space, 2=double space etc.)
 .lt N         Title is N characters long.
 .ne N         Need N vertical spaces (i.e. skip N lines).
 .ni           No indent
 .nq           Use near-letter-quality mode.*
 .nx filename  Load next file 'filename'.
 .pl N         Set page length to N (paper is usually 66 lines, default=60).
 .pn N         Next page is number N.
 .po N         Set page offset to N (same as left margin).
 .ps N         Pitch size in c.p.i. (Usually 10 or 12).*
 .ra N         Right-align the next N input lines.
 .rm N         Set right margin to N characters (default=79).
 .rv N         Reverse (white-on-black) the next N input lines.*
 .ta N         A tab is the tab character repeated N times (default=8).
 .tc C         Tab character is C (default=" ").
 .tl 'l'c'r'   Three part title (l=left, c=center, r=right).
 .ul N         Underline the next N input lines.*

*  Requires a printer-dependent setting in 'nroff.tbl'

                      --- Default Macros (nroff.tbl) ---

\bs     backslash                      \su     superscript on
\ca     carat                          \sb     subscript on
\cb     close curly brace              \s0     super/subscript off
\ob     open curly brace               \dg     degree symbol
\pi     pipe symbol (vertical bar)     \in     integral symbol
\tl     tilde                          \sg     capital sigma
\dt     capital delta                  \sq     square root symbol
\g [7 integers (0-255)]\  custom graphics







Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 7



VI.  Introduction to the as Assembler Development Package

as is the Unix 128 8510 assembler. It takes a single source file, processes the
Unix 128  extensions, writes an object file (*.o) that contains only valid 8510
assembler opcodes / operands, then converts the object  files  and  writes  the
binary machine language file 'a.out.'

The first two bytes of 'a.out' contain the start address of the code (where  it
is loaded)  and  the  rest of the file contains the single-byte opcodes and the
bytes of data needed.

The extensions to standard assembler are as follows:
1.  The first line of any assembler  source  code  must  be  the  word  'start'
followed by either a decimal number or a '$' and a hexidecimal number.  This is
the start address of the code which is  written  directly  to  'a.out.'   If  a
'start' line is not found, an error will occur.

2. One or more lines may be given that begin with  the  word  'include'  and  a
source filename  that contains valid macro definitions (see 4).  The purpose of
this statement is similar to the C #include <library.h>: to include  macros  of
standard code.   An  include file, 'stdlib.i', is given with this package as an
example.  Example:  include stdlib.i

3.  A data section may be given, so that you may label common constants. A data
section consists  of  the  word 'data' on its own line, followed by one or more
data lines, and followed by the word 'endd' (end-data) on its own line.  A data
line consists  of  a  data  label,  the  word  'equ',  and a decimal value or a
hexidecimal value preceeded by a '$'
Example:
   data
     zero equ $00
     two equ 2
   endd
Wherever the names 'zero' or 'two' are encountered, they are replaced with  the
appropriate data value.

4.  Macros are units of code that are given a name.  They are defined once, and
expanded wherever  the macro name is found.  A macro definition begins with the
word 'macro', a single space, and the macro name.  One or more lines  of  valid
8510 source code are given on separate lines, and the word 'endm' (end-macro)
is given to conclude the macro definition.
Example:
   macro foo           (start a macro named foo)
     lda #$00
   endm                (end of this macro)
Whenever the name 'foo' is encountered in the source code, it is replaced  with
the line  'lda  #$00'.  Macros cannot be given parameters.  Standard macros are
usually used for system calls such as setting fast mode or clearing the screen.

5.  Comments can be given on separate lines  by  beginning  that  line  with  a
semicolon (;).  Example:
   ;This is a comment







Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 8



6.   Any line may be given a name by which it can be referred. This removes the
tedium of keeping track of addresses for jumps and branches. The name  must  be
followed immediately by a colon (:).  Example:
 line:  ldx #zero
        sta $0400,x
        jmp line

**WARNING**  Be very careful not to use valid operand names  for  line  labels,
data labels or macro names.  The preparser will replace all occurences of label
names with the appropriate data. (For example, if you label a line  with  jsr:,
every time  you  used jsr in your program it will be replaced by the address of
the line to which the line label refers!)

                         --- Command Line Options ---

as can be invoked with several different options from the Unix 128 command line:

   % as -h           :Prints a help screen.
   % as -d beg end   :Disassembles memory from beg to end
   % as -v beg end   :Views memory from beg to end
   % as filename     :Parses 'filename' --> 'filename.o' --compiles--> 'a.out'

                    --- Valid 8510 Mnemonics (op-codes) ---

adc     and     asl     bcc     bcs     beq     bit     bmi     bne     bpl
brk     bvc     bvs     clc     cld     cli     clv     cmp     cpx     cpy
dec     dex     dey     eor     inc     inx     iny     jmp     jsr     lda
ldx     ldy     lsr     nop     ora     pha     php     pla     plp     rol
ror     rti     rts     sbc     sec     sed     sei     sta     stx     sty
tax     tay     tsx     txa     txs     tya

                            --- Valid Keywords ---

start   macro   endm    data    endd    include equ


General Notes:
1.  Use all lower case for keywords and op-codes, and use a single space
       between op-codes and operands.
2.  There is a limit of 1500 lines of source code (255 characters per line)
3.  There is a limit of 75 macros of 50 lines (255 char/line) each.
4.  There is a limit of 100 unique line labels.
5.  There is a limit of 100 data items in the data section.







Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                           Page 9



VII.  Introduction to the emacs Text Editor.
Emacs is a powerful text editor for use under Unix 128. It is  not  a  document
formatter or  'word  processor'-  the  most advanced text previewing feature is
word-wrap. Text should  be  passed  to  nroff  for  formatting  (line  spacing,
columns, justification etc.)

Emacs allows up to 700 lines of text (of 80 characters / line).  It  loads  and
saves SEQ type files that are compatible with most other word processors. Emacs
also features DiskEd, to enter CBM-DOS commands. It has help screens for itself
as well as a command reference for writing nroff source files.  It has multiple
text editing features like setting and copying regions, 'killing' and 'yanking'
lines of  text,  commands to move to the start and end of lines, up and down by
screens, and commands to move to the start and  end  of  text.   Files  can  be
inserted into  the  text.   There is font support, and 2 partial fonts (one for
special Polish characters and one for  the  Russian  (cyrillic)  alphabet)  are
included.

                               --- Regions ---

A region is defined as all the text in between the 'mark' and the current
cursor position.  A  mark  is  set  by  typing  (Commodore) (SPACE).  Once a
region is defined, you can:
  CONTROL-c : copy region as kill. This allows you to copy the region into  the
kill buffer to be copied back into the text with CONTROL-y (yank).
  Rot-13 region : Perform the rot-13 transformation on the region  (which  maps
each letter 13 positions away; a-->m, b-->n, m-->a etc)

                      --- Expanded Command Reference ---

(C-key - Control+key    E-key - Hit ESC then key)
C-a      Move the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
C-b      Move the cursor back one character (same as 'cursor left')
C-c      Copy the currently marked region into memory, to be retrieved with
         C-y (yank line)
C-d      Enter DiskEd, which allows CBM DOS commands to be executed.
C-e      Move the cursor to the end of the current line.
C-f      Move the cursor forward one character (='cursor right')
C-g      Quit prompt (general abort for commands)
C-h      Get Help!!!
C-k      Delete line from cursor to end of line, copying the line to memory.
C-l      Redraw the screen.
C-n      Move the cursor to the next line (='cursor down')
C-p      Move the cursor to the previous line (='cursor up')
C-r      Rot-13 a previously marked region
C-v      Move down by a full screen
C-w      Write this file as...
C-y      Yank a line from memory to the current cursor position.
C-x c    Clear text memory.
C-x e    Copy the keyboard macro defined with C-( and C-)
C-x f    Find phrase (maybe).
C-x i    Insert a file at the current cursor position.
C-x p    Print the contents of memory.
C-x s    Save file with current filename.
C-x v    View document with word-wrap.
C-x C-c  Quit to Unix 128.
C-x C-f  Load a file into memory, erasing current memory contents.







Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                          Page 10



C-x (    Write keyboard macro
C-x )    End keyboard macro
C-x =    Cursor information (what line, character etc)
C-x +    Insert a line at the cursor.
E-<      Move the cursor to the beginning of the file.
E->      Move the cursor to the end of the file.
E-v      Move up by 1 full screen.
E-x ?    Show bound commands (nroff help, fonts etc.)

Of course, the abbreviated command reference may be viewed at any time by typing

C-h, without disturbing your document.






Unix 128 v3.00 Notes              12 March 1991                          Page 11



VIII.  The tip Telecommunications Program.

     Tip is used to connect to mainframes or other Unix 128 systems  using  the
telephone lines.   It  can use a wide variety of protocol and terminal settings
and will be compatible with most systems.
     All of the features of tip can be accessed through the  menu  screen.   To
bring up  the  menu, press the ALT key on the upper left of the keyboard.  This
brings up the following menu items (use the cursor keys/[RETURN] to select):

Baud Rate:         the speed of communication (300 and 1200 are most common)
Data Bits:         7 or 8 data bits are supported
Parity:            even, odd, space, mark or no parity are supported
Stop Bits:         1 or 2 stop bits are allowed
Duplex:            full(no local echo) or half(local echo) duplex
Terminal Type:
    -VT100:        use VT100 emulation.  This is not perfect emulation, but
                     will provide most of the VT100 command set.  If you're
                     looking for 100% VT100/102 compatibility, get DesTerm 2.00
    -VT52:         use VT52 emulation.
    -Commodore:    also called 'raw' mode, this doesn't interpret any of the
                     control codes encountered.  This is useful when talking
                     to other Commodore systems.
Dial:              Enter a phone number and tip will dial it and attempt to
                     connect to the host computer.  One of the following codes
                     will be returned:
                        CONNECT       = connected at 300 baud
                        CONNECT 1200  = connected at 1200 baud
                        BUSY          = the host is busy
                        VOICE         = a human being answered the phone.
Hang Up:           Hang up the phone.
Clear Display:     This just clears the screen.
Buffer:
    -Capture On:   This will copy everything that comes across the screen
                     (except menus etc.) to memory
    -Capture Off:  This turns off the copy-to-memory feature.
    -Clear Buffer: Erase all buffer memory.
    -Save Buffer:  Save the contents of the buffer in a disk file.
    -Print Buffer: Print the contents of the buffer on the printer.
    -View Buffer:  Type the contents of the buffer on the screen (use the
                     NO SCROLL key to pause / resume.)
ASCII Upload:      Enter a filename and tip will just type the file to the
                     modem.  To receive the file on a mainframe, you must first
                     type:
                       VAX/VMS: $ create filename (when done, type CTRL-Z)
                       Unix: % cat > filename   (when done, type CTRL-D)
Quit to Unix:      Returns to the Unix 128 shell prompt (%).  You can leave tip
                     without hanging up, do other work, and return to tip
                     safely.  Remember to hang up the phone when you're
                      finished.
(Terminal Mode):   Return to terminal mode.
          I N V E N T O R Y

Copywrite (1986)

     Inventory is a usefull program for
the small business man who needs to
keep track of stock coming and going.
The max. number of records that can be
used with this program are '1000'. The
program is set to run on a Commodore 64
and a 1541 disk drive. The records are
stored in relative files and part
numbers are stored sequentialy so the
program is is only as fast data is
transfered from the drive.

     Max. field lengths are set as
follows...

1. Manufacture: 14 characters
2. Part number: 15 characters
3. Description: 15 characters
4. Quanity    :  7 characters
5. Re-order   :  7 characters
6. Retail pr. :  7 characters
7. Whlse. pr. :  7 characters
8. Measurement:  5 characters
---------------------------------------
     You will have to run the 'SET UP'
program first before you can use the
inventory pgm.....

     Some of the INVENTORY features are
---------------------------------------
1.  ADD TO INVENTORY

     You may add a max. of '999' parts
in one session. The program will not
let you duplicate parts already on file
or parts you have just entered. When
asked for 'MANUFACTURE', you may just
press 'RETURN' with no entry and the
default name you gave in the 'SET UP'
file is automatically entered.....

     The program will not let you enter
anything but numbers '0-9' as QUANITIES
and RE-ORDER LEVELS. If at anytime you
press 'RETURN' with no entry, the pgm.
enters a value for you.....The defaults
are as follows.....

1. Description: NONE
2. Quanity    : 0
3. Re-order   : 0
4. Retail     : $0.00
5. Wholesale  : $0.00
6. Measurement: pcs
---------------------------------------

2.   SUBTRACT FROM STOCK

     You cannot subtract less than what
you have in the quanity. If the quanity
has fallen to '0', the program will let
you know and you will have to add to
stock then......
---------------------------------------

3.   ADD TO STOCK

     There is no max. limit on adding
to stock except the '7 character' 
limit.....
---------------------------------------

4.   EDIT A RECORD

     The editing function allows you to
edit all catagories except the QUANITY.
Also, you will not be able to duplicate
part numbers is this section neither.
---------------------------------------

5.   FIND PART BY STRING SEARCH

     If you forget the full name of a
part number, then you may select this
option to search through the part
numbers to try and find you part. Enter
the first one,two,three, etc. 
characters of the part number you wish
to search for. The program then looks
for matches with the information you
gave. When it finds a match, that
FULL part number will be displayed and
if it is the part you want, just press
'N' and that parts file will be 
displayed. If you want more, just press
'Y' until you find the part number you
needed......
---------------------------------------

6.   HOUSEKEEPING

     Here you may VALIDATE your data
disk which should be done once a day
depending upon how much you use the
INVENTORY PGM. You have the option of
changing SCREEN,BACKGROUND, and
CHARACTER colors here also....
---------------------------------------

7.   SCAN RE-ORDER RECORDS

     Select this option when you want
to scan through ALL your parts and
get a printout. The printout will tell
you if you if your QUANITYf has fallen
to or below the RE-ORDER point.....
---------------------------------------

8.   PRINT RECORDS

     You have the option of selecting
1-10 items or the entire file here. The
file is printed across the paper
columns and all catagories are printed
out except the DESCRIPTION.....
---------------------------------------

9.   VIEW PART NUMBERS

     The part numbers currently on file
are displayed on the screen and may   
also be sent to your printer if you
select to do so......
---------------------------------------

     Soon to be released will be an
'ORDER ENTRY' module to use with the
'INVENTORY' program. If you would like
the source code for this program, send
$20.00 (money order ONLY) and blank 
disk to....


          Mike Kleinschmidt
          Box 18
          New Hampton Iowa 50659
---------------------------------------

     This price includes any updates to
the INVENTORY program....
 '                                                     ARCH,1987


  OE'S DITOR () IS A SHAREWARE PROGRAM.  LEASE MAKE COPIES AND DISTRIBUTE
THEM TO OTHER -64 OWNERS.

 
  O USE , ENTER:

     "",8

  HEN THE SCREEN SAYS "READY," ENTER:

    

  N INTRODUCTORY SCREEN WILL APPEAR.  RESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE.
  OU WILL NOW BE IN NORMAL (EDIT) MODE.  HE BOTTOM 2 LINES OF THE SCREEN ARE
STATUS LINES WHICH TELL YOU WHAT ROW AND COLUMN THE CURSOR IS IN AND HOW MUCH
MEMORY (IN PERCENTAGE TERMS) IS AVAILABLE FOR EDITING.  HE STATUS LINES WILL
ALSO TELL YOU WHAT FUNCTIONS YOU ARE USING AND PROMPT YOU TO ENTER INFORMATION
FOR FUNCTIONS SUCH AS FIND AND REPLACE AND SAVING AND READING DISK FILES.
   F YOU NEED HELP WHILE EDITING, PRESS <> AND <> AT THE SAME TIME AND A
LIST OF AVAILABLE FUNCTIONS WILL BE DISPLAYED.

 
   O EXIT  AND RETURN TO BASIC, PRESS <> AND <> (FOR BYE) AT THE SAME
TIME.

 
   O ABORT (I.E., TO STOP) AN OPERATION, PRESS </>.



 
   O ENTER TEXT, TYPE.

   
   O MOVE UP, DOWN, LEFT OR RIGHT WITHIN THE TEXT, USE THE CURSOR KEYS.
   O GO TO THE BEGINNING OF THE LINE THE CURSOR IS ON, PRESS </>.
   O GO TO THE BEGINNING OF THE TEXT, PRESS <> AND </> AT THE SAME
TIME.
   O GO TO THE END OF THE LINE THE CURSOR IS ON, PRESS <RIT LB>.
   O GO TO THE END OF THE TEXT, PRESS <> AND <RIT LB> AT THE SAME TIME.
   O MOVE THE CURSOR TO THE BEGINNING OF THE NEXT WORD, PRESS <> AND <+>
AT THE SAME TIME.
   O MOVE THE CURSOR TO THE BEGINNING OF THE PREVIOUS  WORD, PRESS <> AND
<-> AT THE SAME TIME.
   O MOVE THE CURSOR DOWN ONE PAGE, PRESS <7>.
   O MOVE THE CURSOR UP ONE PAGE, PRESS <8>.

 
   HEN  IS LOADED, IT IS IN INSERT MODE BY DEFAULT.    HIS MEANS THAT AS
YOU TYPE, ALL CHARACTERS AFTER THE CURSOR WILL AUTOMATICALLY MOVE RIGHT TO 
ACCOMODATE NEW CHARACTERS.

 
   F YOU DO NOT WANT TO INSERT TEXT, BUT WOULD RATHER TYPE OVER EXISTING TEXT,
PRESS <> AND <> AT THE SAME TIME.  OU WILL NOW BE IN OVERWRITE MODE AND
ANY NEW CHARACTERS THAT YOU TYPE WILL NOT BE INSERTED BUT WILL OVERWRITE 
EXISING CHARACTERS.
   O RETURN TO INSERT MODE (SEE   ABOVE), PRESS <> AND <>
AT THE SAME TIME.



 
   O SIMPLIFY EDITING,  HAS AN "EXTENDED  SELECT" FUNCTION THAT CAN BE USED
TO MARK TEXT FOR A NUMBER OF OPERATIONS, NAMELY MOVING, COPYING, DELETION,
WRITING TO DISK, AND PRINTING.  O SELECT AN AREA OF TEXT, POSITION THE CURSOR
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TEXT TO BE SELECTED AND PRESS <1>.  OVE THE CURSOR
TO THE END OF THE TEXT TO BE SELECTED AND PRESS <>.  S YOU MOVE THE
CURSOR, THE SELECTED TEXT WILL BE HIGHLIGHTED.
   O UNMARK TEXT, PRESS </>.  HE TEXT WILL NO LONGER BE MARKED
(HIGHLIGHTED) AND YOU WILL BE IN NORMAL (EDIT) MODE.
..  - PRESSING ANY KEY EXCEPT </>, <2/4>, OR <5/6> WILL UNMARK
TEXT.  </> IS SIMPLY A CONVENIENT KEY TO REMEMBER AND WILL BE USED
THROUGHOUT THE REST OF THIS MANUAL.

 
  O MOVE A BLOCK OF TEXT, POSITION THE CURSOR AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TEXT
TO BE MOVED AND PRESS <1>.  OVE THE CURSOR TO THE END OF THE TEXT TO BE
MOVED AND PRESS <3>.  OSITION THE CURSOR AT THE PLACE WHERE YOU WANT THE
SELECTED TEXT TO GO AND PRESS <>.  HE SELECTED TEXT WILL MOVE TO ITS
NEW POSITION.

 
  O COPY A BLOCK OF TEXT, POSITION THE CURSOR AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TEXT TO
BE COPIED AND PRESS <1>.  OVE THE CURSOR TO THE END OF THE TEXT TO BE COPIED
AND PRESS <3>.  OSITION THE CURSOR AT THE PLACE WHERE YOU WANT THE SELECTED
TEXT TO BE COPIED TO AND PRESS <>.   COPY OF THE SELECTED TEXT WILL MOVE
TO ITS NEW POSITION.

 
  OTE: DELETED TEXT CANNOT BE RECOVERED.  E CERTAIN OF WHAT YOU WANT TO
DELETE BEFORE PERFORMING THE FOLLOWING OPERATIONS.

 
  O DELETE A CHARACTER, POSITION THE CURSOR OVER THE CHARACTER TO BE DELETED,
AND PRESS </>.  OLDING DOWN THIS KEY WILL CONTINUE TO DELETE CHARACTERS
UNTIL THE KEY IS  RELEASED.  S CHARACTERS ARE DELETED THE REMAINING CHARACTERS
ARE PULLED TO THE LEFT SO THAT NO GAP IS LEFT IN THE TEXT.  OU  CAN ALSO
DELETE A CHARACTER BY PUTTING THE CURSOR IN FRONT OF THE CHARACTER TO BE
DELETED AND PRESSING < >.  OTE THAT THIS WILL ALSO MOVE THE CURSOR
BACK ONE SPACE.

 
  O DELETE A WORD, POSITION THE CURSOR OVER THE FIRST CHARACTER OF THE WORD TO
BE DELETED AND PRESS <> AND </> AT THE SAME TIME.
  O DELETE PART OF A WORD, POSITION THE CURSOR OVER THE  FIRST LETTER OF THE
PART TO BE DELETED AND PRESS <> AND </> AT THE SAME TIME.  HE
REMAINDER OF THE WORD WILL BE DELETED.

   
  HIS IS A FASTER WAY TO DELETE WORDS, SENTENCES, AND PARAGRAPHS THAN THE
ABOVE.
  OSITION THE CURSOR AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TEXT TO BE DELETED AND PRESS
<1>.  OVE THE CURSOR TO THE END OF THE TEXT TO BE DELETED AND PRESS
</>.
  F, AFTER MARKING TEXT, YOU DECIDE THAT YOU DO NOT WANT TO DELETE IT, PRESS
</>.  HE TEXT WILL NO LONGER BE MARKED AND YOU WILL BE IN NORMAL
(EDIT) MODE.

  
  O FIND A CHARACTER OR GROUP OF CHARACTERS, PRESS <OMMODORE KEY> AND <> AT
THE SAME TIME.  NTER THE TEXT THAT YOU WISH TO FIND ON THE STATUS LINE AND
PRESS <>.  HE CURSOR WILL MOVE TO THE FIRST OCCURRENCE OF THE SPECIFIED
TEXT.   O MOVE THE CURSOR TO THE NEXT OCCURRENCE OF THE SPECIFIED TEXT, PRESS
<> AND <> AT THE SAME TIME.  ONTINUE TO USE THIS FUNCTION TO FIND ALL
OCCURRENCES OF THE SPECIFIED TEXT.  HEN THE CURSOR REACHES THE END OF THE
TEXT, IT WILL WRAP AROUND TO THE BEGINNING OF THE TEXT.

  O REPLACE A CHARACTER OR GROUP OF CHARACTERS, USE THE FIND FUNCTION AS
INSTRUCTED ABOVE TO ENTER THE TEXT TO BE REPLACED.  HEN PRESS <OMMODORE KEY>
AND <> AT THE SAME TIME.  NTER THE NEW TEXT ON THE STATUS LINE AND PRESS
<>.  HE FIRST OCCURRENCE OF THE SPECIFIED TEXT WILL BE REPLACED WITH THE
NEW TEXT.
  O CONTINUE TO FIND AND REPLACE, PRESS <> AND <> AT THE SAME TIME.  HE
CURSOR WILL MOVE TO THE NEXT OCCURRENCE OF THE SPECIFIED TEXT.  F YOU WISH TO
REPLACE IT WITH THE NEW TEXT, PRESS <> AND <> AT THE SAME TIME.  F YOU DO
NOT WISH TO REPLACE THE TEXT, EITHER  PRESS <> AND <> TO MOVE TO THE NEXT
OCCURRENCE, OR CONTINUE EDITING.

 


  O DISPLAY THE DISK DIRECTORY ON THE SCREEN, PRESS <2>.  FTER THE DIRECTORY
HAS BEEN DISPLAYED, PRESS ANY KEY TO RETURN TO EDITING.

 
  F YOU WISH TO EDIT A FILE THAT IS STORED ON DISK, PRESS <6>. HE TEXT WILL
BE INSERTED ON THE SCREEN AT THE CURSOR LOCATION.

 
  O WRITE THE TEXT YOU ARE EDITING TO A DISK FILE, PRESS <5>.  ED WILL ASK
YOU TO ENTER THE NAME OF THE FILE YOU WISH TO SAVE. OTE THAT  AUTOMATICALLY
REMEMBERS THE LAST FILE NAME USED.

 
  O DELETE A FILE FROM THE DISK, PRESS THE <OMMODORE KEY> AND <> AT THE SAME
TIME.   WILL ASK YOU TO  ENTER THE NAME OF THE FILE THAT YOU WISH TO
DELETE.  OTE THAT  AUTOMATICALLY REMEMBERS THE LAST FILE NAME USED.

 
  O PRINT THE TEXT YOU ARE EDITING, PRESS THE <> AND <> KEYS AT THE SAME
TIME.
  F YOU HAVE SELECTED AN AREA OF TEXT, THEN ONLY THAT PORTION OF THE TEXT WILL
BE PRINTED.  F NO TEXT IS SELECTED, ALL TEXT WILL BE PRINTED.
  O STOP PRINTING AT ANY TIME, PRESS THE </> KEY.



 
  OU HAVE SIXTEEN CHOICES OF COLOR FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING: BORDER;
BACKGROUND; CHARACTERS; STATUS LINE CHARACTERS.
- TO CHANGE THE COLOR OF THE SCREEN BORDER, PRESS <> AND <1> AT THE SAME
TIME.
- TO CHANGE THE COLOR OF THE SCREEN BACKGROUND, PRESS <> AND <2> AT THE
SAME TIME.
- TO CHANGE THE COLOR OF THE CHARACTERS ON THE SCREEN, PRESS <> AND <3> AT
THE SAME TIME.
- TO CHANGE THE COLOR OF THE CHARACTERS ON THE STATUS LINES, PRESS <>  AND
<6> AT THE SAME TIME.
- YOU CAN ALSO CHANGE THE COLOURS OF THE BORDER AND BACKGROUND  THAT WILL
APPEAR WHEN THE CURSOR IS ON THE STATUS LINE.  O CHANGE THE SCREEN BORDER IN
THIS CASE, PRESS <> AND <4> AT THE SAME TIME.  O CHANGE THE SCREEN
BACKGROUND, PRESS <> AND <5> AT THE SAME TIME.  OTE THAT IN EACH CASE YOU
CAN CYCLE THROUGH ALL 16 COLOURS BY REPEATED PRESSING OF THESE KEYS.

    
  O SEE WHERE YOU HAVE USED CARRIAGE RETURNS AND SPACES, PRESS <> AND  <7>
AT THE SAME TIME.  HE CARRIAGE RETURNS WILL APPEAR AS INVERSE VIDEO CHECKMARKS
AND THE SPACES WILL APPEAR AS UNDERLINES.  O TURN OFF THIS FEATURE, PRESS
<> AND <8> AT THE SAME TIME.





  
N ORDER TO PROLONG YOUR SCREEN'S LIFESPAN,  WILL AUTOMATICALLY BLANK THE
SCREEN IF NO KEYS HAVE BEEN PRESSED WITHIN THE PREVIOUS 15 MINUTES.  O RESTORE
THE ORIGINAL SCREEN DISPLAY, PRESS ANY KEY.

  
   IS DESIGNED TO MAKE THE MOST EFFICIENT USE OF MEMORY.  N GENERAL, EACH
CHARACTER OCCUPIES SLIGHTLY MORE THAN 1 BYTE; 60 CHARACTERS USE 64 BYTES.  OST
OTHER TEXT EDITORS USE 40 BYTES PER LINE, REGARDLESS OF THE NUMBER OF
CHARACTERS ON THE LINE.   USES ONLY AS MANY BYTES AS ARE REQUIRED.  OR
EXAMPLE,  CAN STORE 60 LINES WHICH ARE, ON AVERAGE, HALF FULL (I.E., 20
CHARACTERS PER LINE) IN APPROXIMATELY 1300 BYTES.  N CONTRAST, AN AVERAGE 
EDITOR WOULD USE 2400 BYTES TO STORE THE SAME AMOUNT OF TEXT.

  HE MEMORY IS CONTINUALLY BEING "COMPACTED" AS YOU USE THE EDITOR.  F MEMORY
BECOMES LOW, TRY MOVING THE CURSOR TO THE START OF THE TEXT AND WAIT FOR 1
MINUTE.  HEN MOVE TO THE END OF TEXT AND WAIT FOR 1 MINUTE OR MORE.  F THERE
IS ANY EXCESS MEMORY, THE COMPACTOR WILL FIND IT AND YOU WILL NOTICE THE
"%FREE" MEMORY (INDICATED ON THE STATUS LINE) INCREASE.

 
  F YOU TRY TO DO SOMETHING THAT  IS NOT ABLE TO DO (E.G., TRY TO MOVE UP 
WHEN THE CURSOR IS ON THE TOP LINE OF TEXT), THE SCREEN BORDER WILL FLASH.

 
  F YOU ACCIDENTALLY PRESS <OMMODORE KEY> AND <> AT THE SAME TIME, THE
SCREEN WILL DEVELOP A FUNNY PATTERN.  O RETURN TO NORMAL, SIMPLY PRESS THESE
TWO KEYS AGAIN.    read this carefully it may save a disk some day. i'm about to tell you a secret about the 1541 that you may have heard about before in some of those inside dos books.
    as you might already know the 1541 is composed of 3 parts theres the code for a hi level comand interpreter which knows what to do for commands i,s,r and a few others. then theres level 2 which knows how to read,write,extend and poison files. level 2 and level 3 have many bugs in them most of which cause poison disks. a simple way to see this is to scratch more then 3 files in a row and then try a save&replace. now try to read the most recent file written to the disk before the scratches and it will have had a few of its sectors over written by the s&r file. the same thing will occur with a few other of the level 3 s,r commands.

   a little note to young hackers

     All of you 5 year old's out there remember, next time you write an operating system to be careful and write lots of little modules that can be tested and debuged instead of 16k of jumping around in mainline,irq and nmi monster routines which never seam to end, but instead just run on into something else.

     level 1 will be the most useful to any one contiplating writing an improved operating system. it's the monster code which reads and writes sectors to disk memory. in the stuff i've read it's been called the job que.
     the job que is how the dos reads sectors. it simply puts a comand followed by the track and sector into the job que memeory and off goes the drive. job que memory is composed of 3 bytes per memeory buffer. yes there more that one place to read sectors into. In fact there are 5 sector buffers in the drive
    heres the break down
        job que            buffer
     0000 command         0300-03ff
       01 command         0400-04ff
       02 command         0500-05ff
       03 command         0600-06ff
       04 command         0700-07ff
       05 i havent used it it

       06 track           0300-03ff
       07 sector

       08 track           0400-04ff
       09 sector                        
       0a track           0500-05ff
       0b sector

       0c track           0600-06ff
       0d sector

       0e track           0700-07ff
       0f sector


 with this you can read and write sectors using only the m-r and m-w commands
                                            i'll upload a program in a few day's which will be the bios of my new os  it will contain the routines to read and write sector an a heck of alot more when i feel like using all the features of the routines i wrote.i'll also give the specifics of how to use all of it.
                                           i've used all of these thing's in my forth system and they sure do work. one last thing the only secondary thats used is 15 and due to the way things work it never has to be opened. you can just tell it to talk and listen.
                                          finally if any of this intrigues you let me know i'm going to need all the people i can get to test the "public domain operating system one" which i will distribute as freeware. Since thats the only way I figure it might gain acceptance.
                                     
                                     
                                     
                                            bye for now
      irwin r. shapiro
                                     
                                     as this is freeware if you feel it is helpful or it fills a void between what you have and what you want let me know and send  donation if possible.
you can reach me via the following:
this sig.
compuserve mailbox 73145,130  .
western union easylink telex II 9103338689 (irssi)  .
western union easylink mailbox 62803073
or simply my mailing address.
irwin r. shapiro, psc 1 box 8189, homestead, fl 33039
                                     .
                                     .
lm1
rm80
                             KERMIT C-64, v1.5a
    
        KERMIT is a protocol for transferring files between different
   computers.  This KERMIT program was written in the FORTH language, for
   a Commodore C64 computer with a Commodore 1541 disk drive (device 8)
   and a Commodore 1600 modem on the RS-232 port (device 2).  Other
   drives and modems may work if they use the same device numbers.  The
   program itself uses about 30K; disk buffers for "save" and "help"
   commands extend downward from $9FFF; and there are scratch string
   areas in $CB00-$CFFF.  This program has been tested only under limited
   conditions.  It has been run at 300 and 1200 baud, but the nature of the
   interrupt-driven RS-232 interface suggests that even 2400 baud
   should work without loss of data, though perhaps not at the efficiency
   of a machine-language program.  Multiple-file transfers with wild-card
   construction cause some problems in the transfer of filenames from
   Kermit-20.
    
        The "help" files, named scr96, scr97 and scr98, give details of
   this program's special characteristics.  Several special features 	re
   required by the C64's use of Commodore's own form of ASCII code, and
   its lack of certain ASCII capabilities.  ASCII backslash prints as a
   vertical bar, chr$(221), but is transmitted by the "pound" key; the
   tab and formfeed characters are stored in C64 files as chr$(220) and
   chr$(219).
    
        The KERMIT "connect" command converts the C64 into a simple
   terminal, in which the C64 "delete" button transmits the ASCII code
   127, "DEL".  If the host mainframe requires a backspace, AS	I code 8,
   the F5 key should be used.  The terminal program contained herein
   responds correctly to a backspace character received from the modem. 
    
        You have received a "turnkey" copy of the FORTH program, in which
   the source screens and programming system are inaccessible.  This copy
   may be recopied and distributed without restriction.  In fact, the
   "new" command of this KERMIT facilitates such copying.  If you want a
   copy of the original FORTH screens, with a printing program	o device
   4, you may obtain one by sending a blank disk in a stamped,
   self-addressed mailer to the author, Robert W. Detenbeck, Department
   of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405.  They were
   written to be used with version A of C64-FORTH, sold by Performance
   Micro Products, 770 Dedham Street-S2, Canton, MA 02021.  Slight
   modifications would be required to use the screens with the newer
   version B, a pure FORTH-79 standard.  Because the screens of C64-FORTH
   are 25 x 40	extensive retyping would be necessary to format them for
   readability on a standard 16 x 64 FORTH screen.
    
        Information about KERMIT can be obtained from the following
   sources:
   Frank da Cruz and Bill Catchings, "Kermit: A File-Transfer Protocol
   for Universities"
   BYTE, vol. 9, no. 6, June 1984, p. 255 (Part 1)
   BYTE, vol. 9, no. 7, July 1984, p. 143 (Part 2)
   KERMIT USERS GUIDE, 4th ed., available for $5.00 from KERMIT
   Distribution, Columbia University Center for Computing A	ivities, 7th
   Floor, Watson Laboratory, 612 West 115th Street, New York, N.Y. 10025.
   For those near the University of Vermont, the USERS GUIDE can be
   purchased from the Academic Computing Center in the Cook Building.
 
 
     
 
 
                                      
 

Commodore 64/128 Kermit v2.2

Kermit v2.2 is a powerful public-domain telecommunications program for your Commodore 64 or 128 (in 64 mode).  This program, as its name suggests, implements the Kermit file transfer protocol and also has many other useful features, such as:

+ Comprehensive terminal emulation: Kermit emulates most all of the features of
  a DEC VT-100 terminal very closely, including support for VT-52 mode, personal
  function (PF) keys, and the numeric keypad.  C-128 users may use their extra
  numeric keypad and grey keys as well.  Kermit also implements the Insert/
  Delete features of the VT-102.

+ Multiple display options: Kermit can display 40 or 80 columns of text using a
  bit-mapped screen on a standard 40-column monitor, or, on a C-128, using the
  built-in 80-column screen (with an 80-column monitor).  Kermit also supports
  the Batteries Included BI-80 80-column card for the C-64.

+ Graphics terminal support: Kermit emulates the main features of the Tektronix
  4010/4014 graphics terminal, with resolutions of 320x200 (C-64 screen) or
  640x200 (C-128 screen).

+ Flexible file transfers: Kermit has special	ile types to transfer PETSCII
  (Commodore's special ASCII) and standard ASCII text files, binary files
  (graphics screens, etc.), Speedscript (Compute!'s popular word processor)
  files, and Power-C C language source code files.  All necessary conversions
  are handled automatically.

+ High-speed communication: Kermit supports 2400 bps communication (but only
  when used on a C-128 with the built-in 80-column screen).

Kermit comes with complete on-disk documentation that can be viewed and printed out 	th any word processor and printer.  A typeset and bound version of the manual is also available.

Because Kermit is in the public domain, you can obtain it from many sources, such as bulletin boards, user groups, and major network services.  Kent Sullivan distributes Kermit on a 1541-format disk for $5.00 (U.S. funds only; WA state residents add 8.2% sales tax).  The typeset manual is $7.50.  All orders should be made payable to Kent Sullivan and sent to:

  Kent Sullivan
  16611 NE 26th St.
  Bellevue, W	98008
  (Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery.)

Note: Kermit does not yet support the CBM 1660 or Volksmodem 6480 modems.
C-64/128 Kermit v2.2 features one major enhancement over v2.1: reliable
communication at 2400 bps is now possible (but ONLY when using it on a
C-128 with the built-in 80 column screen).  Also, a few bugs have been
stomped on and complete documentation is included.
 
Kermit v2.2 is in two self-dissolving archives.  The first SDA is
"ker22a.sda".  It contains the main program and an autoboot maker that
utilizes fast serial routines when possible for C-128 users ("run me now!"
is the filename).
 
The second SDA, "ker22b.sda", contains the on-disk version of the
v2.2 manual broken up into seven standard PETSCII text files for easy
printing on any printer.
 
Enjoy!
 
Kent Sullivan
 
 
Notes:
 
1) Kermit v2.2 acts "funny" when a 1351 mouse or a joystick is plugged in.
   Make sure you unplug any mouse or joystick before using Kermit.
 
2) Note to C-128 users:  Make sure the disk you intend to put Kermit on has
   the boot sector free (Track 1, Sector 0) so that the autoboot maker
   can create the Kermit boot sector.  If the sector is NOT free, the
   autoboot maker will not overwrite the existing sector, but stop with a
   "65,NO BLOCK" 	sk error.
 
3) This implementation of Kermit v2.2 was written before the SwiftLink-232
   was created, and as such, does NOT support it.
 
4) If you intend to use Kermit on a European (PAL) C-64 or C-128 be sure
   to also download "kerpal.txt".
 
5) The documentation in the second archive is broken up into seven standard
   PETSCII text files for easy viewing/printing with any word processor or
   sequential file printer.  No formatting or printer codes are present in the
   files.  The text is ready to 	int as all the necessary spacing, page breaks,   etc. are included.
 
   Because no formatting or printer codes are included, the manual is rather
   "plain vanilla".  A typeset and bound version of the manual is available
   if you would like something a little easier to read.  Send $7.50 (WA
   residents add 8.2% sales tax) to:
 
      Kent Sullivan
      16611 NE 26th St.
      Bellevue, WA 98008
 
   All payments MUST be in U.S. funds.  Allow 3-4 weeks for delivery.
 Commodore 64/128 Kermit v2.2 comes configured to run on North American 
(NTSC) Commodore 64s and 128s.  If you use Kermit on a PAL (European) C-64 
or C-128, you will need to make the following changes (from C-64 mode):
 
LOAD "KERMIT",8
POKE 23441,10                        300 bps slow
POKE 23442,6
POKE 23443,10                        300 bps fast
POKE 23444,6
POKE 23445,48                        1200 bps slow
POKE 23446,1
POKE 23447,60                        1200 bps fast
POKE 23448,1
POKE 23449,93                        2400 bps slow
POKE 23450,0
POKE 23451,112                       2400 bps fast
POKE 23452,0
OPEN 1,8,15,"S0:KERMIT":CLOSE1
SAVE "KERMIT",8
 
These changes "tweak" the baud rate adjustments used by Kermit.  Each of 
the values is a two-byte hex number, stored in low-byte/high-byte format.  
You may have to change the values a bit to suit your particular setup.
 
The "slow" and "fast" refer to whether the machine Kermit is being used on 
is running at 1 or 2 Mhz.  Kermit automatically switches to 2 Mhz mode when 
the following two conditions are met:
 
1) Running on a C-128
2) Using the "Commodore-128" screen driver
	Note that, as with NTSC machines, 2400 bps slow (i.e. when using a C-64 
mode screen-driver) is not reliable and may not work at all.
 Antigrav Toolkit announces a new product for your Commodore 128! 

Introducing the KeyDOS ROM from Antigrav Toolkit.  The KeyDOS ROM is a 32K
EPROM (Eraseable Programmable Read Only Memory) chip that contains 20 new
function key definitions and 20 utilities.  KeyDOS ROM is easy to install in
the empty ROM socket in any C128 or C128D.   KeyDOS ROM can also be
installed in the empty socket in Commodore 1700, 1764, and 1750 RAM
Expansion Units.  KeyDOS and KeyDOS utilities are available instantly with
just one or two  key presses as soon as you switch on your C128!

M A J O R    F E A T U R E S!

* Simple installation in all Commodore 128 or Commodore 128D computers and
  Commodore RAM Expansion Units.
* Compatible with almost all C128 hardware and software including JiffyDOS,
  The Quick Brown Box, CS-DOS, and even other function ROMs.
* 20 new KeyDOS Function Key definitions simplify disk access on multiple
  drive systems.  New function keys allow you to perform commands with only
  one key press without typing file names from any disk drive!  Load or run
  programs, scratch files, open and close 1581 subdirectories, load C64
  programs in C128 FAST mode, type SEQuential files without disturbing
  memory - simply by moving the cursor to the line in a directory listing
  with a file name and pressing a function key!
* New batch files - execute commands from a file without disturbing memory!
* New KeyDOS Utility lets you select multiple files from a directory list
  for typing, printing, copying, renaming, and scratching.  It's available
  instantly by pressing ESC 1.  Print multiple files on almost any serial
  bus printer.  View ASCII or CBMASCII files.  Copy files between drives.
  Convert text files between ASCII and CBMASCII.  Full support for 1581
  subdirectories!
* KeyDOS Compiler lets you change function key definitions quickly and
  easily - 20 KeyDOS Keys to choose from!
* KeyDOS 1581 Visual Partitioner lets you create 1581 partitions and
  subdirectories without complex commands or calculations!  The on-screen
  display shows where there is space on a disk for subdirectories and will
  create them for you automatically!  Even create subdirectories inside
  other subdirectories!
* RAMDOS for Commodore RAM Expansion Units up to 2 MB - just press ESC 6!
* Fast GEOS reboot.
* View, edit, or disassemble disk sectors.
* Dump monitor output to printer or disk file.
* Advanced machine language debugger lets you set up to ten breakpoints and
  single step through ml programs!
* Renumber and reset disk drives.
* New COLLECT command protects autoboot sectors!
* Recover BASIC programs after a NEW command!
* Switch between two independent 80 column screens!
* Screen text editor and screen dump!
* Find/Replace utility.
* Screen clock with calendar and 24 hour alarm.
  (If you have a SmartWatch clock chip connected to joystick port #2 for
  use with GEOS, a special version of the KeyDOS ROM is available that sets
  the time and date automatically.  Specify "Version C" when ordering).
* Video Manager sets VDC video options - screen colors, interlace, screen
  height, TAB stops, cursor shape and flash rate, and much more!
* Utility disk with sample batch files, demonstration programs, and support
  utilities.
* Satisfaction Money Back Guarantee and free lifetime replacement.

"The program is a definite MUST for all 128 users.  I definitely want KeyDOS
to be a permanent part of my computer." -K.H., Perris, CA.

"If you don't have a 128, then this is (yet) one more reason to upgrade." -
Jan/Feb 1991 Kernel Chronicles,  Edmonton, Alberta

KeyDOS ROM, with 52 page manual, support utility disk, and shipping in U.S.
and Canada is $32.50 US.  Shipping overseas is an additional $3.
(SmartWatch users: remember to specify "Version C" when ordering!)

Antigrav Toolkit, P.O. Box 1074, Cambridge, MA  02142
These stories, published March 20, 1994, are being distributed on line
as a public service. Commercial reprinting without permission is
prohibited. This file may be placed in forums for downloading provided
that 1) the contents are not modified, and 2) charges are limited to
connect time. For more information concerning distribution, call
Candace Turtle, Mercury News reader representative, at (408) 920-5958,
or send E-mail to cturtle@aol.com.
------------------------------------------------------------------
                             SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS
                     Copyright 1994, San Jose Mercury News

 DATE: Sunday, March 20, 1994
 PAGE: 1A                         EDITION: Morning Final
 SECTION: Front                   LENGTH:  4 in. Short
 ILLUSTRATION: DRAWING: [Image on a computer screen shows a mother leading
    her children through dangerous territory.]

                          WHERE ARE YOUR KIDS ON-LINE?

    MORE kids are traveling through cyberspace, a communications network that
 will one day influence almost every aspect of daily life.
    While the potential for educational opportunities is fantastic for
 children, many parents are not aware of possible dangers along the information
 superhighway.
    Are your children getting into ''chat rooms'' where adults can pursue them
 for sexual activity? Publicizing personal information like your address or
 vacation schedule? Running up huge bills?
    Family Reporter Lori Eickmann offers information to help parents understand
 this new frontier.

                             SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS
                     Copyright 1994, San Jose Mercury News

 DATE: Sunday, March 20, 1994
 PAGE: 1H                         EDITION: Morning Final
 SECTION: Living                  LENGTH:  62 in. Long
 ILLUSTRATION: DRAWING: JIM HUMMEL - MERCURY NEWS
 SOURCE: By LORI EICKMANN, Mercury News Staff Writer

                               VIRTUAL PARENTING
              ON-LINE SERVICES ARE OPENING UP A FASCINATING NEW
                WORLD FOR KIDS; BUT BEFORE THEY TRAVEL TOO FAR,
                 PARENTS SHOULD MAKE SURE THEY'RE ON THE RIGHT
                                     TRACK

    MARY ELLEN Rose, a Kansas divorce attorney and mother of three, thought she
 and her family were computer-literate. Rose has used computers at work and at
 home for a decade, and her children, ages 12 to 17, are proficient at computer
 games and word processing.
    But early this year, within weeks of subscribing to a commercial on-line
 service, Rose, 46, discovered that her daughter Amanda, 12, had given her name
 and address to a 15-year-old New Hampshire boy she ''met'' in an on-line teen
 area - and the boy, aided by a 41-year-old family acquaintance, had written
 Amanda an explicit four-page letter detailing plans to visit her and have sex.
    Rose learned the man had contacted Amanda through electronic mail and told
 her he cared for her and wanted to help her and the boy get together.
    ''We have controls on our TV, and I don't let my kids go to R-rated
 movies,'' says an exasperated Rose. ''I just never thought of this. I feel so
 dumb.''
    The moral of the story is not that computers or cyburbs -- the virtual
 communities that have evolved on-line -- are inherently evil. But parents
 should understand that the on-line world is a vast and alluring one populated
 by millions of people with interests that range from honorable to unsavory,
 from educational to downright dangerous.
    And with more and more children skillfully but often innocently entering
 this world -- today linking up with computer-savvy pen pals worldwide and
 tomorrow tuning in to interactive TV - it becomes imperative for parents, many
 of whom are clueless about cyberspace, to become proactive in educating
 themselves and their children about life on-line and technological literacy.
    ''Being on an on-line service is just like being in a big city,'' says
 Rose, who urges parents to monitor their children's on-line travels. ''You
 wouldn't let your child wander around alone in a city; you shouldn't do it
 on-line.''
    Jeffrey Chester, executive director of Campaign for Kids' TV, a media
 watchdog group based in Washington, D.C., stresses that average citizens, not
 media conglomerates and advertisers, must help design the on-and off-ramps
 for the data superhighway. Otherwise, he warns,'' children will be the
 accident victims.''
                                       (box)
    The system will merge home technologies - including personal computers,
 telephones, televisions and VCRs - to create a communications network that
 will influence almost every aspect of daily life.
    Even now, a California teen can log onto ImagiNation Network, an on-line
 games and shopping service, and create a face - male, female, old, young,
 black or white - to represent himself on screen while engaging in interactive
 role-playing games or chatting with people around the country or the world.
 It's empowering, enlightening, entertaining and seductive for both adults and
 kids.
    On the television end, the oft-mentioned 500-channel interactive television
 will allow unprecedented access not only to programs but also to push-button
 shopping, interactive entertainment and other services.
    On the computer end, the superhighway is already in use. The Internet, a
 system of some 10,000 computer networks, is used by more than 20 million
 people. Parents with a home computer can pay bills, make airline reservations,
 find recipes or check consumer reports or sports scores. They can pose
 questions on electronic bulletin boards and wait for on-line answers to roll
 in.
    And while kids can access university or government libraries, they are more
 likely to be playing games or chatting.
    ''It's the mall of the future,'' says Audrey Mann, spokeswoman for
 ImagiNation. ''From a parent's standpoint, Jimmy could watch three hours of TV
 per night, or he could have an on-line pen pal he communicates with or plays
 games with.''
    There are thousands upon thousands of bulletin boards and chat rooms for
 users interested in everything from religion to sex.
    But Tony Wong, a Cupertino parent of a 5-year-old daughter and 20-year-old
 stepdaughter, says commercial on-line services need to go way beyond chats to
 attract the majority of families.
    Wong, 33, who works in eWorld, Apple Computer Inc.'s on-line services
 department, reluctantly admits there is little to justify on-line
 participation by most users.
    ''There is justification for 10 to 20 percent of the people who can afford
 it and who understand it,'' says Wong, who uses America Online for his stock
 portfolio and to look up baseball scores. ''For the other 80 percent, the
 truth is, it isn't there yet - but I think it will be soon.''
    Responding to a reporter's on-line request for parents' and kids'
 experiences on-line, Wong writes that the commercial services need to offer
 more educational and parenting content. He also says women and minorities find
 little aimed at them in the white-male-dominated world of cyberspace.
    For example, ''you don't see a Las Madres group on-line,'' he notes.
 ''These are local groups of maybe 15 to 20 people with kids born in the
 same year who talk among themselves about child-rearing issues. That would be
 a great service.''
    Children and teens confirm they go on-line mostly to socialize. Gianna
 Cardinale, a 10-year-old fifth-grader from Los Gatos who has been on-line for
 about a year, says she uses America Online for chats and games, but she has
 also done research for school reports. She notes that one difference between
 school friends and on-line friends is that'' on-line, you can, like, lie and
 they wouldn't really know.''
    A 19-year-old from the University of Arizona notes that on-line services
 have helped gay and lesbian teens who otherwise might feel isolated find
 support.
    LeeAnn C, the screen name for a 14-year-old Michigan girl, says
 communication with an endless variety of people is the greatest thing about
 going on-line.
    ''There is no way that if I was in a room with 23 people that I didn't know
 that I could possibly feel comfortable,'' she writes. ''This way, you can
 really feel comfortable just to talk to people about anything.''
    For example, some of the topics listed one recent afternoon in Teen Scene,
 home of teen bulletin boards for America Online, included: baseball, 11
 messages posted; drugs and booze, 27 messages; censorship, 30; teen
 vegetarians, 37; books, 33; poetry, 232; liberal teens, 21; conservative
 teens, 120; atheist teens, 142; Christian teens, 215; Satanists, 45; gay, bi
 and lesbian youth, 151; and on-line romance, 247.
    The positive aspects are so numerous that many people believe that fears
 about on-line dangers are exaggerated. Karen Coyle, of the Berkeley chapter of
 Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, says commercial on-line
 officials and users monitor adult bulletin boards or chat areas to weed out
 youngsters.
    ''The dangers are in the local bulletin boards, the small ones listed in
 the computer freebie papers,'' says Coyle, who works in the library computer
 system at the University of California, Berkeley.
    Some of these boards, originally started by hobbyists, can be X-rated
 - including the likes of bestiality and kiddie porn - and are not monitored
 like commercial services.
    ''Sure, teen boys will figure out how to get into them, but those same boys
 will go to the drugstore and buy a dirty magazine,'' Coyle says. ''Kids are
 going to talk about sex anyway. Compusex - it can't get any safer, there are
 no fluids being exchanged!''
    Still, it is general knowledge that women of any age who are on-line are
 often targets of sexual comments ranging from mild come-ons to overt
 propositions. The majority of on-line users still are male; industry officials
 believe men outnumber women by about a 4-to-1 ratio. However, the anonymous
 nature of many services allows anyone to pretend to be of the opposite sex, a
 different race or any age or profession they choose, making it difficult to
 know whom you are dealing with.
    Industry officials say many sexual chat areas or message boards that may
 not be appropriate for children can be electronically blocked.
    ''It's not censorship,'' says Pam McGraw, a spokeswoman for America Online,
 addressing a fear of many on-line enthusiasts that - as with the recent debate
 over television violence - the government may try to meddle. ''It's an option
 for parents . . . to be able to restrict access by children.''
    Still, there are kids like Jason Hennessey, a 15-year-old Massachusetts
 sophomore who was on-line only two weeks when he set up access blocks on his
 own account - and then broke them.
    ''It's so easy to figure it out,'' says Jason, who says he taught himself
 everything he knows about computers because his parents are technophobes. ''It
 took me about five minutes.''
    Which is precisely why parents need to be knowledgeable about the on-line
 world.
    ''I don't think most parents have a clue about what's available on video
 games, computer games, on-line games and, eventually, interactive TV games,''
 says Johnny Wilson, 43, editor of Computer Gaming World. ''Parents should
 spend some time playing these games with their kids. Even if you just watch,
 you'll be aware of the potential positives and negatives.''
    Hilarie Gardner, 38, an employee of the Sausalito-based Whole Earth
 'Lectronic Link (The WELL), who has led workshops on her own on computer
 safety and security, says that since parents can't shield children from
 everything, parents should strive to ''give tools, not make rules.''
    Gardner explains that when her children, ages 10 and 13, began going
 on-line two years ago, she talked to them about how to handle sticky
 situations.
    ''When my daughter was 12 and she got abusive comments from another kid,
 she told him to stop, locked him out and sent the (abusive) message to the
 systems operator,'' Gardner says. ''I was proud of her for doing that.''
    Marc Siegel of Mountain View, a consultant who helps teachers learn how to
 use the Internet, says parents' and teachers' fears about the potential for
 on-line debauchery can prevent them from seeing the value of the medium.
    ''The networks can be a great resource, tremendously useful in education,
 Siegel says. ''It has the ability to make learning part of the real world.''
    For example, he says, one program allowed students to tap into a project by
 NASA researchers in Antarctica. The students read the researchers' diaries 
 on-line, asked them questions and got answers.
    ''Some middle-school girls got really interested in science,'' Siegel says.
 ''The (research) team leader was a woman.''
    At a recent exhibit on the data superhighway at the Exploratorium in San
 Francisco, students could tap into the University of Michigan to see moving
 weather maps, then link up with the Lawrence Berkeley lab to learn about Bucky
 Balls, the third known form of pure carbon.
    Howard Rheingold, editor of Whole Earth Review and author of ''The Virtual
 Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier,'' credits the data
 superhighway with nothing less than the ability to strengthen our democracy
 - if the technology allows people to communicate actively with each other
 rather than just passively accept information generated by government or
 business.
    ''Games, home shopping, 500 channels - no, that's not all there is,''
 Rheingold says. ''Inherent in the technology is the possibility of one
 household uploading information to another household, not just receiving
 information from a media conglomerate. I think we should be the originators as
 well as the receivers of information.
    ''The question is,'' Rheingold continues, ''will we have 500 lanes coming
 in and a footpath going out? The whole idea of a democracy rests on
 individuals communicating with each other. Public discussion - that's what
 bulletin boards are all about.''
    Chester, of Campaign for Kids' TV, charges that the superhighway is being
 designed to ''meet the needs of the advertising community, not support a
 democracy.'' He warns that the 500 channels could translate into one long
 infomercial unless the government designates a percentage of channels as non-
 commercial stations aimed at parents, children, seniors and community
 groups.
    ''Your kid is watching 'Ren and Stimpy' on Nick and a notice flashes on the
 screen saying, 'Press this button and you'll be sent the dolls or the complete
 set of videos,' '' Chester says. ''Parents and schools will have to do a lot
 of work to prepare kids for this. We need to help kids understand these new
 things are being designed to sell. California has lagged behind in media
 literacy.''
    Chester and Rheingold urge parents and teachers to get involved now, while
 policy issues are being debated.
    ''Parents, the PTAs need to empower themselves to help redefine
 communication in the next century with our kids in mind,'' Chester says.
 ''Parent groups need to become activists on this issue.
    ''We live in a media environment,'' Chester says. ''We care so much about
 the rain forests and the oceans, but we care so little about the media
 environment.''

                             SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS
                     Copyright 1994, San Jose Mercury News

 DATE: Sunday, March 20, 1994
 PAGE: 1H                         EDITION: Morning Final
 SECTION: Living                  LENGTH:  14 in. Medium
 SOURCE: Lori Eickmann

 TEACH YOUR CHILDREN THE RULES OF THE ROAD BEFORE THEY LOG ON

    HERE are some on-line safety and etiquette tips, courtesy of on-line
 service officials, a Prodigy brochure and several experienced users:
 Safety and security
    Set basic safety rules before children go on-line, and review the rules
 from time to time. Keep up with what your children do on-line and familiarize
 yourself with the areas they frequent so you'll know what they're likely to
 encounter.
    (box) Warn children to NEVER send personal information when chatting,
 sending e-mail, posting on a message board or doing a user profile. That
 includes phone numbers, addresses, passwords or information such as when
 parents get home from work or when the family is going on vacation.
    (box) Don't allow children to go on-line unsupervised if they're not old
 enough to go out to public places unsupervised.
    (box) When choosing a password, make it a combination of upper- and lower-
 case letters, or incorporate numbers to make the password more difficult to
 crack. Tell children to protect their password by not revealing it to anyone
 or letting anyone watch them log on. Change the password occasionally.
    (box) Find out if your on-line service has features that allow parents to
 block children's access to adult chat rooms and other such features.
 Social dangers, responsible behavior
    Talk to children ahead of time about unpleasant situations they may
 encounter, and brainstorm for ways they might handle such situations. Teach
 kids to lock out instant messages from people who are bothering them, and tell
 them to report inappropriate language or comments to you and to on-line
 service officials.
    The other side of the coin is that kids should be taught not to engage in
 inappropriate behavior on-line themselves. It is as unacceptable to curse at
 someone on-line or invade their private files as it is to scream epithets at
 someone in person or to break into their house. Treat the humans sitting at
 the other terminals with respect.
    (box) Inappropriate behavior includes harassment (unwelcome comments or
 language), flaming (emotional written attacks) and stalking (someone watching
 or following someone else). Also, writing in capital letters is the on-line
 equivalent of shouting and can be rude.
    (box) A possible danger is that children may feel they know someone they've
 become friends with on-line. Remind children that when people can create
 screen names and personalities and even faces, they may not be who they say
 they are.
    (box) Addiction -- spending unreasonable amounts of time and money on-line
 -- is a very real danger for some people. Many kids go through a phase of
 spending what seems like every waking moment on-line when it is new to them,
 but the interest usually drops to a more reasonable level after a while. Set
 time limits for being on-line from the start, for your children's sake and for
 the sake of your budget.KILLCURSOR

By Arnold Solof

     "Killcursor" is a utility program designed to run simultaneously with your BASIC or machine language programs. It's purpose is to disable keys which, if
entered, could result in bad data input. The bad data input could be simply the wrong data or, even worse, it could result in the computer locking up.
     The problem keys are:
          1. cursor up
          2. cursor down
          3. comma
          4. colon
          5. home
          6. clr
          7. commodore keys
          8. control keys

     The problem situation is entering data using the BASIC INPUT command. When this statement is used in a program, the user sees a question mark, a blank
space, and then the flashing cursor.
     If either cursor up or cursor down are used, they are interpreted as characters input. They also move the cursor off the row where the question mark was
placed. Then when the return key is hit to enter the response, the computer enters it into the variable (answer) originally requested, not in response to what
you see on the screen. So in addition to entering garbage cursor characters, you may not be responding to the question the computer is asking.
     In many cases this results in the input of a null string (""). If this is written to a data file, when it is later read back the program will crash. Since
there is NEVER any reason to use cursor up or cursor down during BASIC INPUT, disabling the keys protects the user against these errors of input.
     If a colon or comma are entered, they are interpreted as commands rather than characters and result in truncating (chopping off) anything that follows the
colon or comma. This is useful if the requested input is sometheing like INPUT A$,B$. In this case it wants two inputs separated by commas. However 99% of the
time only one input is requested at a time and the comma simply is a problem waiting to happen.

HOW THE PROGRAM WORKS:
     From Direct Mode:
          LOAD "KILLCURSOR",8,1

     The program loads at 49152 decimal (outside of BASIC) and is written entirely in Machine language for speed. The program is started by a SYS49152. If in
direct mode you should then enter NEW to reset the BASIC pointers. This is not necesary if the program is loaded from another program which then uses the
SYS49152 from program mode.
     EG.  10 IF PEEK828=0THENPOKE828,1:LOAD "KILLCURSOR",8,1
          20 SYS49152
          30 REM REMAINDER OF YOUR BASIC PROGRAM

     IF UNABLE TO MODIFY A PROGRAM (EG. PROTECTED) THEN MAKE A BOOT PROGRAM.

          10 IFA=0THENA=1:LOAD"KILLCURSOR",8,1
          20 SYS49152:CLR:LOAD"PROGRAM NAME",8,1
          30 REM SAVE THIS UNDER A UNIQUE NAME (EG. BOOT)

     The program copies the 8K BASIC and the 8K Kernal operating systems to their respective underlying RAM areas at the same addresses. (Since one cannot
change the values in the ROMS, it is necessary to modify copies of them.) It then inserts the number 255 ($FF) into the keyboard matrix decode table of the
keys to be disabled. This number represents the value of "NO KEY PRESSED". It then places 53 in location 1 which tells the computer to look at the ram copies
instead of the ROM. The last instruction RTS (return from subroutine) returns control to BASIC.
     The program takes about 0.5 seconds to run. After it has been run one can instantly switch back and forth from the ROM or RAM operating systems.

     Direct mode: Run/Stop and Restore resets to ROM
                  POKE1,53 tells the computer to look at the RAM system
     
     Program mode: POKE1,55  RESETS TO ROM
                   POKE1,53  RESETS TO RAM

     The program source code is included here. Anyone wanting a copy is welcome. It can't be copied with a load and save command. Filcop, a Disk copier, or a
machine language monitor must be used.
j
Koala to Doodle picture conversion
 For the C64. 

To help convert Koala pictures to Doodle format so they may be converted to
 .RLE format for uploading to Compuserve.

Required programs:
 KOAVRT.BIN - KoalaVerter - A public domain program that will dither a
            Multicolor Koala image into a HiRes image.
 KOAVRT.DOC - Instructions for use of KoalaVerter.
 K2DSAV.BIN - Routine to save the dithered image as a Doodle compatable file.
              (The built in output of KOAVRT is not in doodle format.)
 KOAVTP.BIN - OPTIONAL program. It will display or print to a 1525 printer the
              files produced by KOAVRT built in save.

 So, to convert a Koala image to doodle compatable, you need KOAVRT and K2DSAV
(and you should read the DOC of course. KOAVTP is optional, and is not needed
for the conversion process.)

 OPERATION
 Use KOAVRT to dither the Koala image into a black and white hires screen
image. 
 Then EXIT KOAVRT. You do NOT need to save the image with KOAVRTs built in
file saver. (Only save it if you wish to use it with KOAVTP later.)

 LOAD K2DSAV and run it. You will be prompted for a file name.
 K2DSAV will	ave the picture that KOAVRT left in memory (at $2000) to disk in
a DOODLE file format. (adding proper black and white bitmap, and moving the
image to $6000.)

 You may now use this Doodle HiRes picture with any Doodle program, or, of 
course, with HR2RLE, the HiRes to Run Length encoded conversion program.


 Just to recap, to get a KOALA pictre to RLE format, you:
 1) Dither the Koala image to HiRes format with KOAVRT.
 2) Save it in Doodle format with K2DSAV.
 3) Give that file to HR2RLE which will crea	 the RLE file ready for
uploading. Simple no ?

 Any questions or comments, please leave a message to SYSOP in the CBIG SIG.
 (go CBIG)
. -Chrisdos





               
      Koala-Verter...V1.0
      Koala-Printer..V1.0
               
               
      By Dr. Jim Rothwell
              and
         Dan Rothwell
               
    Permission Granted for
      Personal Use Only.
     All Commercial Rights
           Reserved.
 
 Koala-Verter         converts
 full-color Koala pad pictures
 into    a   black&white   dot
 patterns which can print on a
 standard  cbm  1525  graphics
 printer.
 
 Koala Printer reads  in   the
 converted     pictures    for
 printing,  and   allows   the
 picture  to  be  expanded  in
 either vertical or horizontal
 directions.
 
 First,  run Koala-Verter. The
 program    willprompt     for
 insertion     of    a    disk
 containing  Koala  pics.  Use
 the  sample provided (jungle)
 or  insert  your   own   disk
 containing  another  program.
 then, press return .
 
 After  reading  and  analyzng
 the    picture,   the   Koala
 version will be displayed  in
 color  along  with a table of
 the sixteen possible  colors.
 Select    a   color   to   be
 extracted from  the  picture;
 black, for example.
 
 The   next  menu  requests  a
 dot-pattern to be substituted
 for  the  black areas. Select
 one, such  pattern  (a).  The
 picture   will   be   scanned
 bottom  to  top,   extracting
 those    black    areas   and
 creating   a   new    picture
 containing  the  (a)  pattern
 where black occurred  in  the
 Koala picture.
 
 Note   that  the  pattern  we
 substitute for colors in  the
 Koala picture is a 2-by-2 dot
 pattern,   allowing   us    8
 possible   choices   for  our
 black & white version of  the
 picture.   This   method   of
 representing          shading
 information  by  means of dot
 patterns is called dithering.
 Most   importantly,  we  have
 control over how the  various
 color  areas  are represented
 in  the  final  print.  Being
 naturally  creative,  we  can
 decide  which  areas   should
 contrast   and  which  should
 blend.  In  this  way   (read
 'trial  and  error' here), we
 will find the combination  of
 dots  which  best  represents
 what the picture says.
 
 After extracting a color  and
 viewing  the  results, we may
 accept   it   (by    pressing
 return)   or   reject  it  by
 selecting another pattern  to
 substitute.
 
 Note  that  the  menu  at the
 bottom of the screen  may  be
 toggled  on and off using the
 f7 key so  you  can  see  the
 full area of the screen.
 
 Once  an  extraction has been
 accepted, it  goes  into  the
 'final'      print.      Each
 succeeding extraction will be
 added to the previous ones to
 build  the   picture.   Color
 seperations  could be made by
 saving  and   printing   each
 extraction by itself.
 
 Experiment               with
 pattern-substitution       on
 various  pictures  to  get  a
 feel    for    what    works.
 Experience    suggests   that
 single-dot areas don't  print
 well  on  a 1525; clusters of
 dots two-or-more wide seem to
 work    better.    Row-to-row
 registration  of  dots   will
 vary from printer to printer,
 also. When  ready  to  print,
 press f1 to exit and save the
 picture. It  will  now  be  a
 full    8k    high-resolution
 picture, loading at $2000.
 
 Load and run Koala Printer.
 
 NOTE:  Koala Printer supports
 only 1515/1525/mps 801 or 803
 printers.
 
 Using  the  menu,  load  your
 dithered  picture.  Then view
 it.  When  viewing,  any  key
 takes you back to the menu.
 
 Now PRINT it.
 
 The  picture  will  be turned
 sideways to  better  fit  the
 paper   and  allow  room  for
 expansion.         Unexpanded
 pictures,    being   smaller,
 print    faster    and    are
 recommended     for    'first
 drafts.'  more   importantly,
 the  ribbon will last longer.
 You may exit from printing at
 any time by pressing the stop
 key.
 
 Upon exit  from  Koala-Verter
 and   Koala Printer   the  8k
 hi-res picture remains intact
 in  ram  at  $2000, for those
 who wish to use it.
 
 This   program    has    been
 released  as FREE-WARE by the
 authors.  If  you  like  this
 program  and  appreciate  the
 work, then send a donation of
 $20.00 to:
 
 Dan Rothwell
 Starving Artists Software
 c/o CUGKC Library
 310 Monterey
 Liberty, MO  64068
 
 In Turn, you will be rewarded
 with an all new, Version  2.0
 'KOALA-VERTER/PRINTER'  which
 features    ultra    hi-speed
 loading/printing, and dumping
 to       various        ascii
 dot-addressable      printers
 without  having  to  use  the
 slower  printing  routines of
 the  1525  printer.  Plus   a
 complete        set        of
 documentation.
 
 Koala    Verter/Printer    is
 written  entirely in assembly
 language    via    the    MAE
 assembler.  Koala  Verter was
 originally destined to  be  a
 commercially  available piece
 of  software.  However,  this
 product     was    previously
 released to  the  library  of
 the Commodore User's Group of
 Kansas City  as  part  of  an
 on-going    HI-Res   software
 utility library disk. Midwest
 Micro   has  decided  not  to
 market  this  product.  Their
 loss is your gain!
 
 Address     any     immediate
 comments to:
 C.U.G.K.C., Inc.
 70017,1774
 Via EasyPlex.
 Your  comments   are   always
 welcome.
 


;Compile with RAM variables only


E000 0F         ???
E001 DC         ???		;Carry-over from BASIC ROM @$C000
E002 A5 61      	LDA FC1EXP
E004 C9 88      	CMP #$88
E006 90 03      	BCC $E00B
E008 20 D4 DA   	JSR MLDVEX
E00B 20 CC DC   	JSR INT
E00E A5 07      	LDA CHARAC
E010 18         	CLC
E011 69 81      	ADC #$81
E013 F0 F3      	BEQ $E00B
E015 38         	SEC
E016 E9 01      	SBC #$01
E018 48         	PHA
E019 A2 05      	LDX #$05
E01B B5 69      	LDA FC2EXP,X
E01D B4 61      	LDY FC1EXP,X
E01F 95 61      	STA FC1EXP,X
E021 94 69      	STY FC2EXP,X
E023 CA         	DEX
E024 10 F5      	BPL $E01B
E026 A5 56      	LDA JMPER+2
E028 85 70      	STA FC1ROU
E02A 20 53 D8   	JSR $D853
E02D 20 B4 DF   	JSR NEGOP
E030 A9 C4      	LDA FIXUP1	;#$C4
E032 A0 DF      	LDY FIXUP1+1	;#$DF table of some constants
E034 20 56 E0   	JSR POLYIN
E037 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E039 85 6F      	STA ARISGN
E03B 68         	PLA
E03C 20 B9 DA   	JSR $DAB9
E03F 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; POLYX - Function Series Evaluation
;
POLYX
E040 85 71      	STA CSBFLN
E042 84 72      	STY CSBFLN+1
E044 20 CA DB   	JSR $DBCA
E047 A9 57      	LDA #$57
E049 20 28 DA   	JSR FMULT
E04C 20 5A E0   	JSR POLYX1
E04F A9 57      	LDA #$57
E051 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E053 4C 28 DA   	JMP FMULT

POLYIN
E056 85 71      	STA CSBFLN
E058 84 72      	STY CSBFLN+1

POLYX1
E05A 20 C7 DB   	JSR MOV2F
E05D B1 71      	LDA (CSBFLN),Y
E05F 85 67      	STA SEVALP
E061 A4 71      	LDY CSBFLN
E063 C8         	INY
E064 98         	TYA
E065 D0 02      	BNE POLYSK1
E067 E6 72      	INC CSBFLN+1

POLYSK1
E069 85 71      	STA CSBFLN
E06B A4 72      	LDY CSBFLN+1

POLYLP
E06D 20 28 DA   	JSR FMULT
E070 A5 71      	LDA CSBFLN
E072 A4 72      	LDY CSBFLN+1
E074 18         	CLC
E075 69 05      	ADC #$05
E077 90 01      	BCC POLYSK2
E079 C8         	INY

POLYSK2
E07A 85 71      	STA CSBFLN
E07C 84 72      	STY CSBFLN+1
E07E 20 67 D8   	JSR FADD
E081 A9 5C      	LDA #$5C
E083 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E085 C6 67      	DEC SEVALP
E087 D0 E4      	BNE POLYLP
E089 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; RMULC - Constant Manipulation: RND Data
;
RMULC
E08A .db $98, $35, $44, $7A, $00, $68, $28, $B1, $46, $00

;====================================================================
; RND - Perform RND function
;
RND
E094 20 2B DC   	JSR SIGN
E097 30 37      	BMI RNDCAL
E099 D0 20      	BNE RANDDT
E09B 20 00 E5   	JSR IOBASE

E09E 86 22      	STX UTLPTR
E0A0 84 23      	STY UTLPTR+1
E0A2 A0 04      	LDY #$04
E0A4 B1 22      	LDA (UTLPTR),Y
E0A6 85 62      	STA FC1M1
E0A8 C8         	INY
E0A9 B1 22      	LDA (UTLPTR),Y
E0AB 85 64      	STA FC1M3
E0AD A0 08      	LDY #$08
E0AF B1 22      	LDA (UTLPTR),Y
E0B1 85 63      	STA FC1M2
E0B3 C8         	INY
E0B4 B1 22      	LDA (UTLPTR),Y
E0B6 85 65      	STA FC1M4
E0B8 4C E0 E0   	JMP RNDEXIT

RANDDT
E0BB A9 BB      	LDA #$BB
E0BD A0 00      	LDY #$00
E0BF 20 A2 DB   	JSR MOVFM

E0C2 A9 8A      	LDA FIXUP1+2	;#$8A randomize data LSB
E0C4 A0 E0      	LDY FIXUP1+3	;#$E0	;randomize data MSB
E0C6 20 28 DA   	JSR FMULT	;multiply

E0C9 A9 BF      	LDA FIXUP1+4	;#$BF
E0CB A0 E0      	LDY FIXUP1+5	;#$E0
E0CD 20 67 D8   	JSR FADD	;ADD at E0BF

RNDCAL
E0D0 A6 65      	LDX FC1M4
E0D2 A5 62      	LDA FC1M1
E0D4 85 65      	STA FC1M4
E0D6 86 62      	STX FC1M1
E0D8 A6 63      	LDX FC1M2
E0DA A5 64      	LDA FC1M3
E0DC 85 63      	STA FC1M2
E0DE 86 64      	STX FC1M3

RNDEXIT
E0E0 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E0E2 85 66      	STA FC1SGN
E0E4 A5 61      	LDA FC1EXP
E0E6 85 70      	STA FC1ROU
E0E8 A9 80      	LDA #$80
E0EA 85 61      	STA FC1EXP
E0EC 20 D7 D8   	JSR $D8D7
E0EF A2 BB      	LDX #$BB
E0F1 A0 00      	LDY #$00

RNEXIT
E0F3 4C D4 DB   	JMP $DBD4


;====================================================================
; BIOERR - Handle I/O Error in BASIC
;
BIOERR
E0F6 C9 F0     	CMP #$F0
E0F8 D0 07      	BNE BERSK
E0FA 84 38      	STY MEMSIZ+1
E0FC 86 37      	STX MEMSIZ
E0FE 4C 63 C6   	JMP $C663

BERSK
E101 AA         	TAX
E102 D0 02      	BNE BERREX
E104 A2 1E      	LDX #$1E

BERREX
E106 4C 37 C4   	JMP ERROR

;====================================================================
; BCHOUT - Output character
;
BCHOUT
E109 	JSR (CHOTVP)		;CHROUT
E10C B0 E8	BCS BIOERR
E10E 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; BCHIN - Input a character
;
BCHIN
E10F 	JSR (CHINVP)		;CHRIN
E112 B0 E2      	BCS BIOERR
E114 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; BCKOUT - Setup for output
;
BCKOUT
E115 	JSR (CKOTVP)		;CHKOUT
E118 B0 DC      	BCS BIOERR
E11A 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; BCKIN - Setup for input
;
BCKIN
E11B 	JSR (CKINVP)		;CHKIN
E11E B0 D6     	BCS BIOERR
E120 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; BGETIN - Get one character
;
BGETIN
E121 	JSR (GTINVP)		;GETIN
E124 B0 D0      	BCS BIOERR
E126 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; SYS - Perform SYS
;
SYS
E127 20 8A CD   	JSR FRMNUM	;confirm result
E12A 20 F7 D7   	JSR GETADR	;convert FAC1 to integer (line) number

E12D A9 E1      	LDA FIXUP1+7	;#$E1
E12F 48         	PHA
E130 A9 43      	LDA FIXUP1+6	;#$43
E132 48         	PHA	;push address $E143 (breakpoint)
E133 AD 0F 03   	LDA R6502P
E136 48        	PHA		;save processor flags
E137 AD 0C 03   	LDA R6502A
E13A AE 0D 03   	LDX R6502X
E13D AC 0E 03   	LDY R6502Y
E140 28         	PLP		;restore flags
E141 6C 14 00   	JMP (INTRVL)		;jump to routine

E144 08         	PHP		;on return, restore regs
E145 8D 0C 03   	STA R6502A
E148 BE 0D 03  	STX R6502X
E14B 8C 0E 03   	STY R6502Y
E14E 68        	PLA
E14F 8D 0F 03   	STA R6502P
E152 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; SAVET - Perform SAVE
;
SAVET
E153 20 D1 E1   	JSR SLPARA
E156 A6 2D      	LDX VARTAB
E158 A4 2E      	LDY VARTAB+1
E15A A9 2B      	LDA #$2B
E15C 20 75 F6   	JSR ISAVE
E15F B0 95      	BCS BIOERR
E161 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; VERFYT - Perform Verify/Load
;
VERFYT
E162 A9 01      	LDA #$01		;1=verify
E164 	.db $2C		;results in BIT $00A9 skip
VERFYL
E165 A9 00      	LDA #$00		;0=load
E167 85 0A      	STA VERCK
E169 20 D1 E1   	JSR SLPARA

E16C A5 0A      	LDA VERCK
E16E A6 2B      	LDX TXTTAB
E170 A4 2C      	LDY TXTTAB+1
E172 20 42 F5   	JSR ILOAD

E175 B0 57      	BCS CLSEXT
E177 A5 0A      	LDA VERCK
E179 F0 1A      	BEQ VERLD

E17B A2 1C      	LDX #$1C
E17D 20 57 FE   	JSR IRDST
E180 29 10      	AND #$10
E182 F0 03      	BEQ SKPRDY

E184 4C 37 C4   	JMP ERROR

SKPRDY
E187 A5 7A      	LDA TXTPTR
E189 C9 02      	CMP #$02
E18B F0 07      	BEQ VERIFX

E18D A9 64      	LDA #$64
E18F A0 C3      	LDY #$C3
E191 4C 1E CB   	JMP STROUT	;string at $C364

VERIFX
E194 60         	RTS

VERLD
E195 20 57 FE   	JSR IRDST
E198 29 EF      	AND #$BF
E19A F0 05      	BEQ VERSK1

E19C A2 1D      	LDX #$1D
E19E 4C 17 C4   	JMP ERROR

VERSK1
E1A1 A5 7B      	LDA TXTPTR+1
E1A3 C9 02      	CMP #$02
E1A5 D0 0E      	BNE VERSK2

E1A7 86 2D      	STX VARTAB
E1A9 84 2E      	STY VARTAB+1 
E1AB A9 76      	LDA #$16
E1AD A0 C3      	LDY #$C3
E1AF 20 1E CB   	JSR STROUT		;string at $C316
E1B2 4C 2A C5   	JMP $C52A

VERSK2
E1B5 20 BE C6   	JSR STXPT
E1B8 4C 76 E4   	JMP BASSLN

;====================================================================
; OPENT - Perform OPEN
;
OPENT
E1BB 10 16 E2   	JSR OCPARA
E1BE 	JSR (OPENVP)		;OPEN
E1C1 B0 0B      	BCS CLSEXT
E1C3 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; CLOSET - Perform CLOSE
;
CLOSET
E1C4 20 16 E2   	JSR OCPARA
E1C7 A5 49      	LDA FORPNT
E1C9 	JSR (CLOSVP)		;CLOSE
E1CC 90 C6      	BCC VERIFX
CLSEXT
E1CE 4C F6 E0   	JMP BIOERR

;====================================================================
; SLPARA - Get LOAD/SAVE parameters
;
SLPARA
E1D1 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E1D3 20 BD FF   	JSR SETNAM
E1D6 A2 01      	LDX #$01
E1D8 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E1DA 20 50 FE   	JSR SETLFS
E1DD 20 03 E2   	JSR DEFLT
E1E0 20 54 E2   	JSR OPCSK2
E1E3 20 03 E2   	JSR DEFLT
E1E6 20 FD E1   	JSR COMBYT
E1E9 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E1EB 86 49      	STX FORPNT
E1ED 20 50 FE   	JSR SETLFS
E1F0 20 03 E2   	JSR DEFLT
E1F3 20 FD E1   	JSR COMBYT
E1F6 8A         	TXA
E1F7 A8         	TAY
E1F8 A6 49      	LDX FORPNT
E1FA 4C 50 FE   	JMP SETLFS

;====================================================================
; COMBYT - Get next one-byte parameter
;
COMBYT
E1FD 20 0B E2   	JSR COMMA
E200 4C 9E D7   	JMP GETBYT

;====================================================================
; DEFLT - Check default parameters
;
DEFLT
E203 20 79 00   	JSR CHRGOT
E206 D0 02      	BNE DEFLEX
E208 68         	PLA
E209 68         	PLA
DEFLEX
E20A 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; COMMA - Check for comma
;
COMMA
E20B 20 FD CE   	JSR CHKCOM
E20E 20 79 00   	JSR CHRGOT
E211 D0 F7      	BNE DEFLEX
E213 4C 08 CF   	JMP SNERR

;====================================================================
; OCPARA - Get OPEN/CLOSE parameters
;
OCPARA
E216 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E218 20 49 FE   	JSR ISETNM
E21B 20 0E E2   	JSR COMMA+3
E21E 20 9E D7   	JSR GETBYT
E221 86 49      	STX FORPNT
E223 8A         	TXA
E224 A2 01      	LDA #$01
E226 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E228 20 50 FE   	JSR SETLFS
E22B 20 03 E2   	JSR DEFLT
E22E 20 FD E1   	JSR COMBYT
E231 86 4A      	STX FORPNT+1
E233 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E235 A5 49      	LDA FORPNT
E237 E0 03      	CPX #$03
E239 90 01      	BCC OPCSK1

E23B 88         	DEY
OCPSK1
E23C 20 50 FE   	JSR SETLFS
E23F 20 03 E2   	JSR DEFLT
E242 20 FD E1   	JSR COMBYT
E245 8A         	TXA
E246 A8         	TAY
E247 A6 4A      	LDX FORPNT+1
E249 A5 49      	LDA FORPNT
E24B 20 50 FE   	JSR SETLFS
E24E 20 03 E2   	JSR DEFLT
E251 20 0B E2   	JSR COMMA

OCPSK2
E254 20 9E CD   	JSR FRMEVL
E257 20 A3 D6   	JSR FRESTR
E25A A6 22      	LDX UTLPTR
E25C A4 23      	LDY UTLPTR+1
E25E 4C 49 FE   	JMP ISETNM

;====================================================================
; COS - Perform COS function
;
COS
E261 A9 DD      	LDA FIXUP1+12	;#$DD
E263 A0 E2      	LDY FIXUP1+13	;#$E2 PI2 table
E265 20 67 D8   	JSR FADD

;====================================================================
; SIN - Perform SIN function
;
SIN
E268 20 0C DC   	JSR MOVAF
E26B A9 E2      	LDA FIXUP1+14	;#$E2
E26D A0 E2      	LDY FIXUP1+15	;#$E2 PI*2 table
E26F A6 6E      	LDX FC2SGN
E271 20 07 DB   	JSR FDIV
E274 20 0C DC   	JSR MOVAF
E277 20 CC DC   	JSR INT
E27A A9 00      	LDA #$00
E27C 85 6F      	STA ARISGN
E27E 20 53 D8   	JSR $D853
E281 A9 E7      	LDA FIXUP1+16	;#$E7
E283 A0 E2      	LDY FIXUP1+17	;#$E2
E285 20 50 D8   	JSR FSUB	;const 1/4
E288 A5 66      	LDA FC1SGN
E28A 48         	PHA
E28B 10 0D      	BPL SINCON1
E28D 20 49 D8   	JSR FADDH
E290 A5 66      	LDA FC1SGN
E292 30 09     	BMI SINCON1A

E294 A5 12      	LDA TANSGN
E296 49 FF      	EOR #$FF
E298 85 12      	STA TANSGN

SINCON1
E29A 20 B4 DF   	JSR NEGOP

SINCON1A
E29D A9 E7      	LDA FIXUP1+16	;#$E7
E29F A0 E2      	LDY FIXUP1+17	;#$E2
E2A1 20 67  D8  	JSR FADD	;const 1/4
E2A4 68         	PLA
E2A5 10 03      	BPL SINCON2
E2A7 20 B4  DF  	JSR NEGOP

SINCON2
E2AA A9 EC      	LDA FIXUP1+18	; #$EC
E2AC A0 E2      	LDY FIXUP1+19	;#$E2	;counter
E2AE 4C 40 E0   	JMP POLYX

;====================================================================
; TAN - Perform TAN function
;
TAN
E2B1 20 CA DB   	JSR $DBCA
E2B4 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E2B6 85 12      	STA TANSGN
E2B8 20 68 E2   	JSR SIN
E2BB A2 4E      	LDX #$4E
E2BD A0 00      	LDY #$00
E2BF 20 F3 E0   	JSR RNEXIT
E2C2 A9 57      	LDA #$57
E2C4 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E2C6 20 A2 DB   	JSR MOVFM
E2C9 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E2CB 85 66      	STA FC1SGN
E2CD A5 12      	LDA TANSGN
E2CF 20 D9 E2   	JSR TAN2
E2D2 A9 4E      	LDA #$4E
E2D4 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E2D6 4C 0F DB   	JMP FDIVT

TAN2
E2D9 48         	PHA
E2DA 4C 9A E2   	JMP SINCON1

;
;Data: Trigonometry Constants $E2DD-E30A
PI2		;PI/2
E2DD .db $81, $49, $0F, $DA, $A2 

PI22		;PI*2
E2E2 .db $83, $49, $0F, $DA, $A2

PI14		;1/4
E2E7 .db $7F, $00, $00, $00, $00 

RNCTR		;counter
E2EC .db $05

TRIG14		;-14.3813907
E2ED .db $84, $E6, $1A, $2D, $1B 

TRIG42		;42.0077971
E2F2 .db $86, $28, $07, $FB, $F8

TRIG76		;-76.7041703
E2F7 .db $87, $99, $68, $89, $01

TRIG81		;81.6052237
E2FC .db $87, $23, $35, $DF, $E1

TRIG41		;-41.3417021
E301 .db, $86, $A5, $5D, $E7, $28

TRIG6		;6.28318531
E306 .db $83, $49, $0F, $DA, $A2


;====================================================================
; ATN - Perform ATN function
;
ATN
E30B A5 66      	LDA FC1SGN
E30D 48         	PHA
E30E 10 03      	BPL ATNSK1
E310 20 B4 DF   	JSR NEGOP

ATNSK1
E313 A5 61      	LDA FC1EXP
E315 48         	PHA
E316 C9 21      	CMP #$81
E318 90 07      	BCC ATNSK2

E31A A9 BC      	LDA #$BC
E31C A0 D9      	LDY #$D9	;FONE - table of floating point constants
E31E 20 0F DB   	JSR FDIVT

ATNSK2
E321 A9 3B      	LDA FIXUP1+22	;#$3B
E323 A0 E3      	LDY FIXUP1+23	;$$E3 ATNCON - table of ATN constants
E325 20 40 E0  	JSR POLYX

E328 68        	PLA
E329 C9 81      	CMP #$81
E32B 90 07      	BCC ATNSK3
E32D A9 DD     	LDA FIXUP1+12	;#$DD
E32F A0 E2      	LDY FIXUP1+13	;#$E2	;const PI/2
E331 20 50 D8   	JSR FSUB

ATNSK3
E334 68         	PLA
E335 10 03      	BPL ATNEXT
E337 4C B4 DF   	JMP NEGOP

ATNEXT
E33A 60         	RTS

;
;  ATN Constants $E33B-E377
;
ATNCON
E33B .db $0B, $76, $B3, $83, $BD, $D3, $79, $1E
E343 .db $F4, $A6, $F5, $7B, $83, $FC, $B0, $10
E34B .db $7C, $0C, $1F, $67, $CA, $7C, $DE, $53
E353 .db $CB, $C1, $7D, $14, $64, $70, $4C, $7D
E35B .db $B7, $EA, $51, $7A, $7D, $63, $30, $88
E363 .db $7E, $7E, $92, $44, $99, $3A, $7E, $4C 
E36B .db $CC, $91, $C7, $7F, $AA, $AA, $AA, $13
E373 .db $81, $00, $00, $00, $00,

;====================================================================
; INIT - BASIC cold start
;
INIT
E378 20 5B E4   	JSR INITV

INITNV
E37B 20 A4 E3   	JSR INITCZ
E37E 20 04 E4   	JSR INITMS
E381 A2 FB      	LDX #$FB
E383 9A         	TXS
E384 4C 74 C4   	JMP READY	;jump to BASIC

;====================================================================
; INITAT - CHRGET for zero-page
;
INITAT
E387 E6 7A      	INC TXTPTR
E389 D0 02      	BNE ININCR
E38B E6 7B      	INC TXTPTR+1

ININCR
E38D AD 60 EA   	LDA MOVLOOP-2
E390 C9 3A      	CMP #':'	;$3A
E392 B0 0A      	BCS INIEXT

E394 C9 20      	CMP #' '	;$20 {space}
E396 F0 EF      	BEQ INITAT

E398 38         	SEC
E399 E9 30      	SBC #$30
E39B 38         	SEC
E39C E9 D0      	SBC #$D0

INIEXT
E39E 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; RNDSED - RND seed value
;
RNDSED
E39F .db $80, $4F, $C7, $52, $58

;====================================================================
; INITCZ - Initialize BASIC RAM
;
INITCZ
E3A4 A9 4C      	LDA #$4C
E3A6 85 54      	STA JMPER
E3A8 85 00      	STA USRPOK
E3AA A9 48      	LDA #$48
E3AC A0 D2      	LDY #$D2
E3AE 85 01      	STA USRVEC	;USER vector to $D248
E3B0 84 02      	STY USRVEC+1

E3B2 A9 91      	LDA #$91
E3B4 A0 D3      	LDY #$D3
E3B6 85 05      	STA ADRAY2
E3B8 84 06      	STY ADRAY2+1	;$D391

E3BA A9 AA      	LDA #$AA
E3BC A0 D1      	LDY #$D1
E3BE 85 03      	STA ADRAY1
E3C0 84 04      	STY ADRAY1+1	;$D1AA

E3C2 A2 1C      	LDX #$1C

CHGLOP
E3C4 ED 87 E3   	LDA INITAT,X	;copy CHRGET
E3C7 95 73      	STA CHRGET,X
E3C9 CA         	DEX
E3CA 10 F8      	BPL CHGLOP

E3CC A9 03      	LDA #$03
E3CE 85 53      	STA JMPER-1	:$53
E3D0 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E3D2 85 68      	STA FC1OVF
E3D4 85 13      	STA IOPMPT
E3D6 85 18      	STA LASTPT+1
E3D8 A2 01      	LDX #$01
E3DA BE FD 01   	STX BUF-3	;$01FD
E3DD BE FC 01   	STX BUF-4	;$01FC
E3E0 A2 19      	LDX #$19
E3E2 86 16      	STX TEMPPT
E3E4 38         	SEC
E3E5 20 82 FE   	JSR IMEMBT
E3E8 86 2B      	STX TXTTAB
E3EA 84 2C      	STY TXTTAB+1
E3EC 38         	SEC
E3ED 20 73 FE   	JSR IMEMTP
E3F0 86 37      	STX MEMSIZ
E3F2 84 38      	STY MEMSIZ+1
E3F4 86 33      	STX FRETOP
E3F6 84 34      	STY FRETOP+1
E3F8 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E3FA 98         	TYA
E3FB 91 2B      	STA (TXTTAB),Y
E3FD E6 2B      	INC TXTTAB
E3FF D0 02      	BNE CZEXIT

E401 E6 2C      	INC TXTTAB+1

CZEXIT
E403 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; INITMS - Print power-up message
;
INITMS
E404 A5 2B      	LDA TXTTAB
E406 A4 2C      	LDY TXTTAB+1
E408 20 08 C4   	JSR REASON	; Check for memory overlap?
E40B A9 36      	LDA FIXUP1+30	;#$36	WORDS text
E40D A0 E4      	LDY FIXUP1+31	;#$E4
E40F 20 1E CB   	JSR STROUT

E412 A5 37      	LDA MEMSIZ
E414 38         	SEC
E415 E5 2B      	SBC TXTTAB
E417 AA         	TAX
E418 A5 38      	LDA MEMSIZ+1
E41A E5 2C      	SBC TXTTAB+1
E41C 20 CD DD   	JSR $DDCD	; External entry into INPRT 
E41F A9 29     	LDA FIXUP1+32	;#$29	FREMES text
E421 A0 E4      	LDY FIXUP1+33	;#$E4
E423 20 1E CB   	JSR STROUT
E426 4C 44 C6   	JMP $C644	; External entry into SCRTCH

FREMES
E429 .db ' BYTES FREE', $0D, $00

WORDS
E436 .db $93, '**** CBM BASIC V2 ****', $0D, $00

;====================================================================
; BVTRS - Basic vector table
;
BVTRS
E44F .dw ERROR		;$C43A
E451 .dw MAIN		;$C483
E453 .dw CRNCH		;$C57C
E455 .dw QPLOP		;$C71A
E457 .dw GONE		;$C7E4
E459 .dw EVAL		;$CE86

;====================================================================
; INITV - Initialize vectors
;
INITV
E45B A2 0B      	LDX #$0B	;move 12 bytes

TVLOOP
E45D BD 4F E4   	LDA BVTRS,X	;load from BASIC vector table
E460 9D 00 03   	STA ERRVPT,X	;save to $0300
E463 CA         	DEX
E464 10 F7      	BPL TVLOOP
E466 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; BASSFT - BASIC warm start
;
BASSFT
E467 	JSR (CLCHVP)	;CLRCH
E46A A9 00      	LDA #$00
E46C 85 13      	STA IOPMPT
E46E 20 7A C6   	JSR $C67A	;External entry into CLEAR
E471 58         	CLI
E472 4C 74 C4   	JMP READY

E475 .db $41

BASSLN
E476 20 33 C5	JSR LNKPRG
E479 4C 77 C6   	JMP $C677	;external entry into CLEAR


;====================================================================
; FIXUP1 - Absolute location fixup area #1
;
FIXUP1	.org $E47C
	.dw $DFC4	;e47c
	.dw RMULC	;7e
	.dw RANDDT+4	;80
	.dw SYS+28	;82
	.dw $C364	;84
	.dw $C316	;86
	.dw PI2	;88
	.dw PI22	;8a
	.dw PI14	;8c
	.dw RNCTR	;8e
	.dw $D9BC	;90
	.dw ATNCON	;92
	.dw $D248	;94
	.dw $D391	;96
	.dw $D1AA	;98
	.dw WORDS	;9a
	.dw FREMES	;9c
	.dw CLKWAIT+1	;9e
;ends at $ef9f


;====================================================================
; SOUT1 - Serial output "1" (inverted logic)
;
SOUT1
E4A0 AD 2C 91   	LDA D2PCR
E4A3 29 DF      	AND #%11011111	;$DF CB2
E4A5 8D 2C 91   	STA D2PCR
E4AB 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; SOUT0- Serial output "0" (inverted logic)
;
SOUT0
E4A9 AD 2C 91   	LDA D2PCR
E4AC 09 20      	ORA #%00100000	;$20
E4AE 8D 2C 91   	STA D2PCR
E4B1 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; SDCLK - Get SERDATA/SCLK in
;
SDCLK
E4B2 AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH
E4B5 CD 1F 91   	CMP D1ORAH
E4B8 D0 F8      	BNE SDCLK

E4BA 4A         	LSR
E4BB 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; SSADR - Get SECADR patch for LOAD/VERIFY
;
SSADR
E4BC A6 B9      	LDX SECADR
E4BE 4C 47 F6   	JMP SRCHMS

;====================================================================
; SLDPCH - Relocated patch for serial LOAD/VERIFY
;
SLDPCH
E4C1 8A         	TXA
E4C2 D0 08      	BNE SLDEXIT

E4C4 A5 C3      	LDA MEMUSS
E4C6 85 AE      	STA EAL
E4C8 A5 C4      	LDA MEMUSS+1
E4CA 85 AF      	STA EAL+1

SLDEXIT
E4CC 4C 6A F6   	JMP LOADMS

;====================================================================
; TPWPCH - Tape write patch for CLOSE
;
TPWPCH
E4CF 20 E3 F8   	JSR TPWRIT
E4D2 90 03      	BCC TPWCHEX
E4D4 68         	PLA
E4D5 A9 00      	LDA #$00

TPWCHEX
E4D7 4C 9E F3   	JMP ICLSE1	;External entry into ICLOSE

;====================================================================
; FIXUP2 - Absolute location fixup area #2
;
FIXUP2	.org E4DA
	.dw KRNLSV	;e4da
	.dw $FFFF	;dc
	.dw $FFFF	;de
	.dw $FFFF	;e0
	.dw $FFFF	;e2
	.dw $FFFF	;e4
	.dw $FFFF	;e6
	.dw $FFFF	;e8
	.dw $FFFF	;ea
	.dw $FFFF	;ec
	.dw $FFFF	;ee
	.dw $FFFF	;f0
	.dw $FFFF	;f2
	.dw $FFFF	;f4
	.dw $FFFF	;f6
	.dw $FFFF	;f8
	.dw $FFFF	;fa
	.dw $FFFF	;fc
	.dw $FFFF	;fe

;ends at $e4ff

;====================================================================
; IOBASE - Return I/O base address
;
IOBASE
E500 A2 10      	LDX #$10
E502 A0 91      	LDY #$91
E504 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; ISCREN - Return screen organization
;
ISCREN
E505 A2 16      	LDX #$16        
E507 A0 17      	LDY #$17
E509 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; IPLOT - Read/set cursor position
;
IPLOT
E50A B0 07      	BCS READPL	;carry set to read
E50C 86 D6      	STX CURROW
E50E 84 D3      	STY CSRIDX
E510 20 87 E5   	JSR SCNPTR

READPL
E513 A6 D6      	LDX CURROW
E515 A4 D3      	LDY CSRIDX
E517 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; CINT1 - Initialize I/O
;
CINT1
E518 20 BE E5   	JSR IODEF1
E51B AD 88 02   	LDA HIPAGE
E51E 29 FD      	AND #%11111101	;$FD
E520 0A         	ASL
E521 0A         	ASL
E522 09 80      	ORA #%10110000	;$B0
E524 8D 05 90   	STA VRSTRT
E527 AD 88 02   	LDA HIPAGE
E52A 29 02      	AND #%00000010	;$02
E52C F0 08      	BEQ $E536

E52E A9 80      	LDA #$B0
E530 0D 02 90  	ORA VRCOLS
E533 8D 02 90   	STA VRCOLS
E536 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E538 8D 91 02   	STA SHMODE
E53B 85 CF      	STA BLNON

E53D A9 DC      	LDA FIXUP1+34	;#$DC
E53F 8D 8F 02   	STA FCEVAL
E542 A9 EE      	LDA FIXUP1+35	;#$EE
E544 8D 90 02   	STA FCEVAL+1	;FCEVAL=$EEDC???

E547 A9 0A      	LDA #$0A
E549 8D 89 02   	STA KBMAXL
E54C 8D 8C 02   	STA KRPTDL
E54F A9 06      	LDA #$06
E551 8D 86 02   	STA CLCODE
E554 A9 04      	LDA #$04
E556 8D 8E 02   	STA LSSHFT
E559 A9 0C      	LDA #$0C
E55B 85 CD      	STA BLNCT
E55D 85 CC      	STA BLNSW
;
; Clear screen
;
CLRSCN
E55F AD 88 02   	LDA HIPAGE
E562 09 80      	ORA #%10000000	;$80
E564 A8        	TAY
E565 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E567 AA         	TAX

CLRLP1
E568 94 D9      	STY SLLTBL,X
E56A 18         	CLC
E56B 69 16      	ADC #$16
E56D 90 01      	BCC CLRSC1
E56F C8         	INY

CLRSC1
E570 E8         	INX
E571 E0 18      	CPX #$18
E573 D0 F3      	BNE CLRLP1

E575 A9 FF      	LDA #$FF
E577 95 D9      	STA SLLTBL,X
E579 A2 16      	LDX #$16

CLRLP2
E57B 20 8D EA   	JSR CLRLIN
E57E CA         	DEX
E57F 10 FA      	BPL CLRLP2
;
; "Home" cursor
;
HOME
E581 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E583 84 D3      	STY CSRIDX
E585 84 D6      	STY CURROW
;
; Set screen pointers
;
SCNPTR
E587 A6 D6      	LDX CURROW
E589 A5 D3      	LDA CSRIDX

SCNPLP
E58B B4 D9      	LDY SLLTBL,X
E58D 30 08      	BMI SCNPT1
E58F 18         	CLC
E590 69 16      	ADC #$16
E592 85 D3      	STA CSRIDX
E594 CA         	DEX
E595 10 F4      	BPL SCNPLP

SCNPT1
E597 B5 D9      	LDA SLLTBL,X
E599 29 03      	AND #$03
E59B 0D 88 02   	ORA HIPAGE
E59E 85 D2      	STA LINPTR+1
E5A0 BD FD ED   	LDA LBSCAD,X
E5A3 85 D1      	STA LINPTR
E5A5 A9 15      	LDA #$15
E5A7 E8         	INX

SCNLP1
E5A8 B4 D9      	LDY SLLTBL,X
E5AA 30 06      	BMI SCNEXIT
E5AC 18         	CLC
E5AD 69 16      	ADC #$16
E5AF E8         	INX
E5B0 10 F6      	BPL SCNLP1

SCNEXIT
E5B2 85 D5      	STA LINLEN
E5B4 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; PANIC - Set I/O defaults (unused entry point)
;
PANIC
E5B5 20 BB E5   	JSR IODEF1
E5B8 4C 81 E5   	JMP HOME
;
; Real PANIC entry
;
IODEF1
E5BB A9 03      	LDA #$03
E5BD 85 9A      	STA OUTDEV
E5BF A9 00      	LDA #$00
E5C1 85 99      	STA INDEV
;
; Initialize 6561 VIC
;
E5C3 A2 10      	LDX #$10


V6561I
E5C5 BD E3 ED   	LDA VICSUP-1,X	;$ede3
E5C8 9D FF 8F   	STA $8FFF,X
E5CB CA         	DEX
E5CC D0 F7      	BNE V6561I
E5CE 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; LP2 - Get character from keyboard buffer
;
LP2
E5CF AC 77 02   	LDY KBUFFR
E5D2 A2 00      	LDX #$00

LP2LOOP
E5D4 BD 78 02   	LDA KBUFFR+1,X
E5D7 9D 77 02   	STA KBUFFR,X
E5DA E8         	INX
E5DB E4 C6      	CPX KEYCNT
E5DD D0 F5      	BNE LP2LOOP
E5DF C6 C6      	DEC KEYCNT
E5E1 98         	TYA
E5E2 58         	CLI
E5E3 18         	CLC
E5E4 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; INKEY - Input from keyboard
;
INKEY
E5E5 20 42 E7   	JSR OUTSCR

KEYLP1
E5E8 A5 C6      	LDA KEYCNT
E5EA 85 CC      	STA BLNSW
E5EC 8D 92 02   	STA SCRLFL
E5EF F0 F7      	BEQ KEYLP1

E5F1 78         	SEI
E5F2 A5 CF      	LDA BLNON
E5F4 F0 0C      	BEQ INKEY1

E5F6 A5 CE      	LDA GDBLN
E5F8 AE 87 02   	LDX CSRCLR
E5FB A0 00      	LDY #$00
E5FD 84 CF      	STY BLNON
E5FF 20 A1 EA   	JSR PRNSCR

INKEY1
E602 20 CF E5   	JSR LP2
E605 C9 83      	CMP #$83
E607 D0 10      	BNE INKEY2

E609 A2 09      	LDX #$09
E60B 78         	SEI
E60C 86 C6      	STX KEYCNT

KEYLP2
E60E BD F3 ED   	LDA RUNSHF-1,X
E611 9D 76 02   	STA KBUFFR-1,X
E614 CA         	DEX
E615 D0 F7      	BNE KEYLP2
E617 F0 CF      	BEQ KEYLP1

INKEY2
E619 C9 0D      	CMP #$0D
E61B D0 C8      	BNE INKEY

E61D A4 D5      	LDY LINLEN
E61F 84 D0      	STY INSRC

KEYLP3
E621 B1 D1      	LDA (LINPTR),Y
E623 C9 20      	CMP #$20
E625 D0 03      	BNE INKEY3

E627 88         	DEY
E628 D0 F7      	BNE KEYLP3

INKEY3
E62A C8         	INY
E62B 84 C8      	STY EOLPTR
E62D A0 00      	LDY #$00
E62F 8C 92 02   	STY SCRLFL
E632 84 D3      	STY CSRIDX
E634 84 D4      	STY CSRMOD
E636 A5 C9      	LDA ICRROW
E638 30 1D      	BMI INSCR1

E63A A6 D6      	LDX CURROW
E63C 20 19 E7   	JSR CSRMIN+4	;$E719
E63F E4 C9      	CPX ICRROW
E641 D0 14      	BNE INSCR1	;$E657
E643 D0 12      	BNE INSCR1

E645 A5 CA      	LDA ICRCOL
E647 85 D3      	STA CSRIDX
E649 C5 C8      	CMP EOLPTR
E64B 90 0A      	BCC INSCR1
E64D B0 42      	BCS INSCR4A

;====================================================================
; INSCR - Input from screen/keyboard until <RET>
;
INSCR
E64F 98         	TYA
E650 48         	PHA
E651 8A         	TXA
E652 48         	PHA
E653 A5 D0      	LDA INSRC
E655 F0 91      	BEQ KEYLP1

INSCR1
E657 A4 D3      	LDY CSRIDX
E659 B1 D1      	LDA (LINPTR),Y

E65B .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea	;patch area??
E663 .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
E66B .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea

E672 85 D7      	STA LASTKY
E674 29 3F      	AND #%00111111	;$3F
E676 06 D7      	ASL LASTKY
E678 24 D7      	BIT LASTKY
E67A 10 02      	BPL INSCR2

E67C 09 80      	ORA #%10110000	;$B0

INSCR2
E67E 90 04      	BCC INSCR3

E680 A6 D4      	LDX CSRMOD
E682 D0 04      	BNE INSCR4

INSCR3
E684 70 02      	BVS INSCR4

E686 09 40      	ORA #%01000000	;$40

INSCR4
E688 E6 D3      	INC CSRIDX
E68A 20 BB E6   	JSR QUOTET
E68D C4 C8      	CPY EOLPTR
E68F D0 17      	BNE INSCR7

INSCR4A
E691 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E693 85 D0      	STA INSRC
E695 A9 0D      	LDA #$0D
E697 A6 99      	LDX INDEV
E699 E0 03      	CPX #$03
E69B F0 06      	BEQ INSCR5

E69D A6 9A      	LDX OUTDEV
E69F E0 03      	CPX #$03	;output to screen?
E6A1 F0 03      	BEQ INSCR6

INSCR5
E6A3 20 42 E7   	JSR OUTSCR

INSCR6
E6A6 A9 0D      	LDA #$0D

INSCR7
E6A8 85 D7      	STA LASTKY
E6AA 68         	PLA
E6AB AA         	TAX
E6AC 68         	PLA
E6AD A8         	TAY
E6AE A5 D7      	LDA LASTKY
E6B0 C9 DE      	CMP #$DE	;which key??
E6B2 D0 02      	BNE INSCREX

E6B4 A9 FF      	LDA #$FF	;load return code

INSCREX
E6B6 18         	CLC
E6B7 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; QUOTET - Quotes test
;
QUOTET
E6BB C9 22      	CMP '"'	;#$22
E6BA D0 08      	BNE QUOTEX

E6BC A5 D4      	LDA CSRMOD
E6BE 49 01      	EOR #%00000001	;$01
E6C0 85 D4      	STA CSRMOD
E6C2 A9 22      	LDA '"'	;#$22

QUOTEX
E6C4 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; CMD4 cmd- Setup screen print
;
CMD4
E6C5 09 40      	ORA #%01000000	;$40
E6C7 A6 C7      	LDX RVS
E6C9 F0 02      	BEQ CMD41	;$e6cd

E6CB 09 80      	ORA #%10110000	;$B0 or 80

CMD41
E6CD A6 D8      	LDX INSRTO
E6CF F0 02      	BEQ CMD42	;$e6d3

E6D1 C6 D8     	DEC INSRTO

CMD42
E6D3 AE 86 02   	LDX CLCODE
E6D6 20 A1 EA   	JSR PRNSCR
E6D9 20 EA E6   	JSR CSRPLS

CMD42A
E6DC 68        	PLA
E6DD A8         	TAY
E6DE A5 D8      	LDA INSRTO
E6E0 F0 02      	BEQ CMD4SK	;$E6E4

E6E2 46 D4      	LSR CSRMOD

CMD4SK
E6E4 68         	PLA
E6E5 AA         	TAX
E6E6 68         	PLA
E6E7 18         	CLC
E6E8 58         	CLI
E6E9 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; CSLPLS - Advance cursor
;
CSRPLS
E6EA 20 FA E8   	JSR CKLNPL
E6ED E6 D3     	INC CSRIDX
E6EF A5 D5      	LDA LINLEN
E6F1 C5 D3      	CMP CSRIDX
E6F3 B0 37      	BCS CSREXIT	;$E72C

E6F5 C9 57      	CMP #$57
E6F7 F0 2A      	BEQ CSRDEC	;$E723

E6F9 AD 92 02   	LDA SCRLFL
E6FC F0 03      	BEQ CSRPSK	;$E701
E6FE 4C F0 E9   	JMP INSSLOP	;$E9F0

CSRPSK
E701 A6 D6      	LDX CURROW
E703 E0 17      	CPX #$17
E705 90 07      	BCC CSRSK2	;$E70E

E707 20 75 E9   	JSR SCRLSC
E70A C6 D6      	DEC CURROW
E70C A6 D6      	LDX CURROW

CSRSK2
E70E 16 D9      	ASL SLLTBL,X
E710 56 D9      	LSR SLLTBL,X
E712 4C 5B ED   	JMP GRTX2

;====================================================================
; CSRMIN - Retreat cursor ($E719??)
;
CSRMIN
E715 69 16      	ADC #$16	;add 22d (screen line length)
E717 85 D5      	STA LINLEN

CSRMLP
E719 B5 D9      	LDA SLLTBL,X
E71B 30 03      	BMI CSRMIN1	;$E720
E71D CA         	DEX
E71E D0 F9      	BNE CSRMLP	;$E719

CSRMIN1
E720 4C 7E EA   	JMP LINSTR

CSRDEC
E723 C6 D6      	DEC CURROW
E725 20 C3 E8   	JSR NEWLIN
E728 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E72A 85 D3      	STA CSRIDX

CSREXIT
E72C 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; CSRUP - Move cursor up
;
CSRUP
E72D A6 D6      	LDX CURROW
E72F D0 06      	BNE CSRUP1	;$E737
E731 86 D3      	STX CSRIDX
E733 68         	PLA
E734 68         	PLA
E735 D0 A5      	BNE CMD42A	;$E6DC

CSRUP1
E737 CA         	DEX
E738 86 D6      	STX CURROW
E73A 20 87 E5   	JSR SCNPTR
E73D A4 D5      	LDY LINLEN
E73F 84 D3      	STY CSRIDX
E741 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; OUTSCR - Output to screen
;
OUTSCR
E742 48         	PHA
E743 85 D7      	STA LASTKY
E745 8A         	TXA
E746 48         	PHA
E747 98         	TYA
E748 48         	PHA
E749 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E74B 85 D0      	STA INSRC
E74D A4 D3      	LDY CSRIDX
E74F A5 D7      	LDA LASTKY
E751 10 03      	BPL NOSHCH	;$E756
E753 4C 00 E8   	JMP SHCHRS
;
; Output unshifted characters
;
NOSHCH
E756 C9 0D      	CMP #$0D
E758 D0 03      	BNE NOTCR	;$E75D

E75A 4C D8 E8   	JMP CR

NOTCR
E75D C9 20      	CMP #' '	;$20
E75F 90 10     	 BCC CTRLCODE	;$E771

E761 C9 60      	CMP #$60	;last standard ASCII
E763 90 04      	BCC ALPHA	;$E769

E765 29 DF      	AND #%11011111	;$DF
E767 D0 02      	BNE ALPHA1	;$E76B

ALPHA
E769 29 3F      	AND #$3F

ALPHA1	
E76B 20 BB E6   	JSR QUOTET
E76E 4C C7 E6   	JMP CMD4+2	;$E6C7

CTRLCODE
E771 A6 D8      	LDX INSRTO
E773 F0 03      	BEQ NOINSERT	;$E778
E775 4C CB E6   	JMP CMD41-2	;$E6CB

NOINSERT
E778 C9 14      	CMP #$14	;{delete}
E77A D0 2E      	BNE NOTDEL	;$E7AA

E77C 98         	TYA
E77D D0 06      	BNE DEL	;$E785

E77F 20 2D E7   	JSR CSRUP	;$E72D
E782 4C 9F E7   	JMP NOSHCH1	;$E79F

DEL
E785 20 E8 E8   	JSR CKLNMI	;$E8E8
E788 88         	DEY
E789 84 D3      	STY CSRIDX
E78B 20 B2 EA   	JSR BLINK

NOSHLP1
E78E C8         	INY
E78F B1 D1      	LDA (LINPTR),Y
E791 88         	DEY
E792 91 D1      	STA (LINPTR),Y
E794 C8         	INY
E795 E1 F3      	LDA (COLRPT),Y
E797 88         	DEY
E798 91 F3      	STA (COLRPT),Y
E79A C8         	INY
E79B C4 D5      	CPY LINLEN
E79D D0 EF      	BNE NOSHLP1	;$E78E

NOSHCH1
E79F A9 20      	LDA #$20
E7A1 91 D1      	STA (LINPTR),Y
E7A3 AD 86 02  	LDA CLCODE
E7A6 91 F3      	STA (COLRPT),Y
E7A8 10 4D      	BPL $E7F7

NOTDEL
E7AA A6 D4      	LDX CSRMOD		
E7AC F0 03      	BEQ NOTDEL1	;$E7B1
E7AE 4C CE E6   	JMP CMD41-2	;$E6CB

NOTDEL1
E7B1 C9 12      	CMP #$12	;{RVS}
E7B3 D0 02      	BNE NOTRVS	;$E7B7

E7B5 85 C7      	STA RVS

NOTRVS
E7B7 C9 13      	CMP #$13	;{HOME}
E7B9 D0 03      	BNE NOTHOME	;$E7BE

E7BB 20 81 E5   	JSR HOME

NOTHOME
E7BE C9 1D      	CMP #$1D	;{RIGHT}
E7C0 D0 17      	BNE NOTRT	;$E7D9

E7C2 C8         	INY	;right
E7C3 20 FA E8   	JSR CKLNPL
E7C6 84 D3      	STY CSRIDX
E7C8 88         	DEY
E7C9 C4 D5      	CPY LINLEN
E7CB 90 09      	BCC CSRRTEX	;$E7D6

E7CD C6 D6      	DEC CURROW
E7CF 20 C3 E8   	JSR NEWLIN
E7D2 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E7D4 84 D3      	STY CSRIDX

CSRRTEX
E7D6 4C DC E6   	JMP CMD42A	;$E6DC

NOTRT	
E7D9 C9 11      	CMP #$11	;{DOWN}
E7DB D0 1D      	BNE NOTDOWN	;$E7FA

E7DD 18         	CLC	;down
E7DE 98         	TYA
E7DF 69 16      	ADC #$16
E7E1 A8         	TAY
E7E2 E6 D6      	INC CURROW
E7E4 C5 D5      	CMP LINLEN
E7E6 90 EC      	BCC CSRRTEX-2	;$E7D4
E7E8 F0 EA      	BEQ CSRRTEX-2	;$E7D4

E7EA C6 D6      	DEC CURROW

NOTRTLP
E7EC E9 16      	SBC #$16
E7EE 90 04      	BCC NOTRT1	;$E7F4

E7F0 85 D3      	STA CSRIDX
E7F2 D0 F8      	BNE NOTRTLP	;$E7EC

NOTRT1
E7F4 20 C3 E8   	JSR NEWLIN
E7F7 4C DC E6   	JMP CMD42A

NOTDOWN
E7FA 20 12 E9   	JSR STCLRC	;$E912
E7FD 4C 21 ED   	JMP GRTXTF	;$ED21
;
; Output shifted characters
;
SHCHRS
E800 .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
E808 .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
E810 .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea

E815 29 7F      	AND #%01111111	;$7F
E817 C9 7F      	CMP #%01111111	;$7F
E819 D0 02      	BNE $+2	;$E81D

E81B A9 5E      	LDA #$5E

E81D .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea

E823 C9 20      	CMP #$20	;{space}
E825 90 03      	BCC $+3	;$E82A
E827 4C C5 E6   	JMP CMD4	;$E6C5

E82A C9 0D      	CMP #$0D	;{return}
E82C D0 03      	BNE $+3	;$E831
E82E 4C D8 E8   	JMP CR

E831 A6 D4      	LDX CSRMOD
E833 D0 3F      	BNE SCHR2	;$E874

E835 C9 14      	CMP #$14	;{text}
E837 D0 37      	BNE SCHR1	;$E870

E839 A4 D5      	LDY LINLEN
E83B B1 D1      	LDA (LINPTR),Y
E83D C9 20      	CMP #$20
E83F D0 04      	BNE $+4	;$E845

E841 C4 D3      	CPY CSRIDX
E843 D0 07      	BNE $+7	;$E84C

E845 C0 57      	CPY #$57	
E847 F0 24      	BEQ SCHR1-3	;$E86D

E849 20 EE E9   	JSR INSSPC	;$E9EE
E84C A4 D5      	LDY LINLEN
E84E 20 B2 EA   	JSR BLINK

SHCHLOOP
E851 88         	DEY
E852 B1 D1      	LDA (LINPTR),Y
E854 C8         	INY
E855 91 D1      	STA (LINPTR),Y
E857 88         	DEY
E858 B1 F3      	LDA (COLRPT),Y
E85A C8         	INY
E85B 91 F3      	STA (COLRPT),Y
E85D 88         	DEY
E85E C4 D3      	CPY CSRIDX
E860 D0 EF      	BNE SCHCHLOOP	;$E851

E862 A9 20      	LDA #$20
E864 91 D1      	STA (LINPTR),Y
E866 AD 86 02   	LDA CLCODE
E869 91 F3      	STA (COLRPT),Y
E86B E6 D8      	INC INSRTO
E86D 4C DC E6   	JMP CMD42A

SCHR1
E870 A6 D8      	LDX INSRTO
E872 F0 05      	BEQ $+5	;$E879

SCHR2
E874 09 40      	ORA #%01000000	;$40
E876 4C CB E6   	JMP CMD4+6	;$E6CB

E879 C9 11      	CMP #$11	;{down}
E87B D0 16      	BNE SCHR3	;$E893

E87D A6 D6      	LDX CURROW
E87F F0 37      	BEQ SHCHEXIT-3	;$E8B8

E881 C6 D6      	DEC CURROW
E883 A5 D3      	LDA CSRIDX
E885 38         	SEC
E886 E9 16      	SBC #$16
E888 90 04      	BCC $+4	;$E88E

E88A 85 D3      	STA CSRIDX
E88C 10 2A      	BPL SHCHEXIT-3	;$E8B8
E88E 20 87 E5   	JSR SCNPTR
E891 D0 25      	BNE SHCHEXIT-3	;$E8B8

SCHR3
E893 C9 12      	CMP #$12	;{RVS}
E895 D0 04      	BNE $+4	;$E89B

E897 A9 00      	LDA #$00
E899 85 C7      	STA RVS
E89B C9 1D      	CMP #$1D	;{right}
E89D D0 12      	BNE SHCH4	;$E8B1

E89F 98         	TYA
E8A0 F0 09      	BEQ $+9	;$E8AB
E8A2 20 E8 E8   	JSR CKLNMI	;$E8E8
E8A5 88         	DEY
E8A6 84 D3      	STY CSRIDX
E8A8 4C DC E6   	JMP CMD42A

E8AB 20 2D E7   	JSR CSRUP	;$E72D
E8AE 4C DC E6   	JMP CMD42A

SHCH4
E8B1 C9 13      	CMP #$13	;{home}
E8B3 D0 06      	BNE SHCHEXIT	;$E8BB

E8B5 20 5F E5   	JSR CLRSCN	;$E55F
E8B8 4C DC E6   	JMP CMD42A

SHCHEXIT
E8BB 09 80      	ORA #%10000000	;$80
E8BD 20 12 E9   	JSR STCLRC	;$E912
E8C0 4C 30 ED   	JMP G1	;$ED30

;====================================================================
; NEWLIN - Goto next line
;
NEWLIN
E8C3 46 C9      	LSR ICRROW
E8C5 A6 D6      	LDX CURROW

NWLNLP
E8C7 E8         	INX
E8CB E0 17      	CPX #$17
E8CA D0 03      	BNE NEWLIN1	;$E8CF
E8CC 20 75 E9   	JSR SCRLSC

NEWLIN1
E8CF B5 D9      	LDA SLLTBL,X
E8D1 10 F4      	BPL NWLNLP	;$E8C7
E8D3 86 D6      	STX CURROW
E8D5 4C 87 E5   	JMP SCNPTR

;====================================================================
; CR - Output <RET>
;
CR
E8D8 A2 00      	LDX #$00
E8DA 86 D8      	STX INSRTO
E8DC 86 C7      	STX RVS
E8DE 86 D4      	STX CSRMOD
E8E0 86 D3      	STX CSRIDX
E8E2 20 C3 E8   	JSR NEWLIN
E8E5 4C DC E6   	JMP CMD42A	;$E6DC

;====================================================================
; CKLNMI - Check line decrement
;
CKLNMI
E8E8 A2 04      	LDX #$04
E8EA A9 00      	LDA #$00

CKLNLP
E8EC C5 D3      	CMP CSRIDX
E8EE F0 07      	BEQ CKLND1	;$E8F7
E8F0 18         	CLC
E8F1 69 16      	ADC #$16
E8F3 CA         	DEX
E8F4 D0 F6      	BNE CKLNLP	;$E8EC
E8F6 60         	RTS

CKLND1
E8F7 C6 D6      	DEC CURROW
E8F9 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; CKLNPL - Check for line increment
;
CKLNPL
E8FA A2 04      	LDX #$04
E8FC A9 15      	LDA #$15

CKLNINL
E8FE C5 D3      	CMP CSRIDX
E900 F0 07      	BEQ CKLNIN	;$E909
E902 18         	CLC
E903 69 16      	ADC #$16
E905 CA         	DEX
E906 D0 F6      	BNE CKLNINL	;$E8FE
E908 60        	RTS

CKLNIN
E909 A6 D6      	LDX CURROW
E90B E0 17      	CPX #$17
E90D F0 02      	BEQ CKLNEX	;$E911
E90F E6 D6      	INC CURROW

CKNLEX
E911 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; STCLRC - Set color code
;
STCLRC
E912 A2 07      	LDX #$07

STCLRL
E914 DD 21 E9   	CMP COLRTB,X
E917 F0 04      	BEQ SETCLR	;$E91D
E919 CA         	DEX
E91A 10 F8      	BPL STCLRL	;$E914
E91C 60         	RTS

SETCLR
E91D BE 86 02   	STX CLCODE
E920 60         	RTS

;  Table: Color code
COLRTB
E921 90 05 1C 9F 9C 1E 1F 9E


;  Table: ScreenCode <==> ASCII
XLATB1
E929 EF A1 DF A6 E1 B1 E2 B2
E931 E3 B3 E4 B4 E5 B5 E6 B6
E939 E7 B7 E8 B8 E9 B9 FA BA
E941 FB BB FC BC EC BD FE BE
E949 84 BF F7 C0 F8 DB F9 DD
E951 EA DE 5E E0 5B E1 5D E2
E959 40 B0 61 B1 78 DB 79 DD
E961 66 B6 77 C0 70 F0 71 F1
E969 72 F2 73 F3 74 F4 75 F5
E971 76 F6 7D FD

;====================================================================
; SCRLSC - Scroll screen Evaluation
;
SCRLSC
E975 A5 AC      	LDA SAL
E977 48	PHA
E978 A5 AD      	LDA SAL+1
E97A 48	PHA
E97B A5 AE      	LDA EAL
E97D 48	PHA
E97E A5 AF      	LDA EAL+1
E980 48         	PHA

SCLPUSH
E981 A2 FF      	LDX #$FF
E983 C6 D6      	DEC CURROW
E985 C6 C9      	DEC ICRROW
E987 C6 F2      	DEC SCROWM

SCRLP1
E989 E8         	INX
E98A 20 7E EA   	JSR LINSTR
E98D E0 16      	CPX #$16
E98F B0 0C      	BCS $+12	;$E99D

E991 BD FE ED   	LDA LBSCAD+1,X	;$EDFE,X
E994 85 AC      	STA SAL
E996 B5 DA      	LDA SLLTBL+1,X
E998 20 56 EA   	JSR MOVELN
E99B 30 EC      	BMI SCRLP1	;$E989

E99D 20 8D EA   	JSR CLRLIN
E9A0 A2 00      	LDX #$00

SCRLP2
E9A2 B5 D9      	LDA SLLTBL,X
E9A4 29 7F      	AND #%01111111	;$7F
E9A6 B4 DA      	LDY SLLTBL+1,X
E9AB 10 02      	BPL $+2	;E9AC

E9AA 09 80      	ORA #%10000000	;$B0 or 80
E9AC 95 D9      	STA SLLTBL,X
E9AE E8         	INX
E9AF E0 16      	CPX #$16
E9B1 D0 EF      	BNE SCRLP2	;$E9A2

E9B3 A5 EF      	LDA SLLTBL+32	;$EF
E9B5 09 80      	ORA #%10000000	;$B0 or 80
E9B7 85 EF      	STA SLLTBL+32	;$EF
E9B9 A5 D9      	LDA SLLTBL
E9BB 10 C4      	BPL SCLPUSH	;$E981

E9BD E6 D6      	INC CURROW
E9BF E6 F2      	INC SCROWM
E9C1 A9 FB      	LDA #$FB
E9C3 8D 20 91   	STA D2ORB
E9C6 AD 21 91   	LDA D2ORA
E9C9 C9 FE      	CMP #$FE
E9CB 08         	PHP
E9CC A9 F7      	LDA #$F7
E9CE 8D 20 91   	STA  D2ORB
E9D1 28         	PLP
E9D2 D0 0B      	BNE $+11	;$E9DF

E9D4 A0 00      	LDY #$00
E9D6 EA         	NOP
E9D7 CA         	DEX
E9D8 D0 FC      	BNE $-2	;E9D6

E9DA 88         	DEY
E9DB D0 F9      	BNE $-5	;E9D6 

E9DD 84 C6      	STY KEYCNT
E9DF A6 D6      	LDX CURROW 
E9E1 68         	PLA
E9E2 85 AF      	STA EAL+1
E9E4 68         	PLA
E9E5 85 AE      	STA EAL
E9E7 68         	PLA
E9E8 85 AD      	STA SAL+1
E9EA 68         	PLA
E9EB 85 AC      	STA SAL
E9ED 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; INSSPC - Open a space on the screen
;
INSSPC
E9EE A6 D6      	LDX CURROW

INSSLOP
E9F0 E8         	INX
E9F1 B5 D9      	LDA SLLTBL,X
E9F3 10 FB      	BPL INSSLOP	; $E9F0

E9F5 86 F2      	STX SCROWM
E9F7 E0 16      	CPX #$16
E9F9 F0 0D      	BEQ INSSPC1	;$EA08
E9FB 90 0B      	BCC INSSPC1

E9FD 20 75 E9   	JSR SCRLSC
EA00 A6 F2      	LDX SCROWM
EA02 CA         	DEX
EA03 C6 D6      	DEC CURROW
EA05 4C 0E E7   	JMP CSRSK2	;$E70E

INSSPC1
EA08 A5 AC      	LDA SAL
EA0A 48         	PHA
EA0B A5 AD      	LDA SAL+1
EA0D 48         	PHA
EA0E A5 AE      	LDA EAL
EA10 48         	PHA
EA11 A5 AF      	LDA EAL+1
EA13 48         	PHA
EA14 A2 17      	LDX #$17

INSSLP2
EA16 CA         	DEX
EA17 20 7E EA   	JSR LINSTR
EA1A E4 F2      	CPX SCROWM
EA1C 90 0E      	BCC INSSPC2	;$EA2C
EA1E F0 0C      	BEQ INSSPC2	;$EA2C

EA20 BD FC ED   	LDA LBSCAD-1,X	;$EDFC
EA23 85 AC      	STA EAL
EA25 B5 D8      	LDA INSRTO,X
EA27 20 56 EA   	JSR MOVELN
EA2A 30 EA      	BMI INSSLP2	;$EA16

INSSPC2
EA2C 20 8D EA   	JSR CLRLIN
EA2F A2 15      	LDX #$15

INSSLP3
EA31 E4 F2      	CPX SCROWM
EA33 90 0F      	BCC INSEXIT	;$EA44

EA35 B5 DA      	LDA SLLTBL+1,X 
EA37 29 7F      	AND #%01111111	;$7F
EA39 B4 D9      	LDY SLLTBL,X
EA3B 10 02      	BPL INSSPC3	;$EA3F
EA3D 09 80      	ORA #%10000000	;$80

INSSPC3
EA3F 95 DA      	STA SLLTBL+1,X
EA41 CA         	DEX
EA42 D0 ED      	BNE INSSLP3	;$EA31

INSEXIT
EA44 A6 F2      	LDX SCROWM
EA46 20 0E E7   	JSR CSRSK2
EA49 68         	PLA
EA4A 85 AF      	STA EAL+1
EA4C 68         	PLA
EA4D 85 AE      	STA EAL
EA4F 68         	PLA
EA50 85 AD      	STA SAL+1
EA52 68         	PLA
EA53 85 AC      	STA SAL
EA55 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; MOVELN - Move a screen line
;
MOVELN
EA56 29 03      	AND #%00000011	;$03
EA58 0D 88 02   	ORA HIPAGE
EA5B 85 AD      	STA SAL+1
EA5D 20 6E EA   	JSR COPYCL
EA60 A0 15      	LDY #$15

MOVLOOP
EA62 B1 AC      	LDA (SAL),Y
EA64 91 D1      	STA (LINPTR),Y
EA66 B1 AE      	LDA (EAL),Y
EA68 91 F3      	STA (COLRPT),Y
EA6A 88         	DEY
EA6B 10 F5      	BPL MOVLOOP	;$EA62
EA6D 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; COPYCL - Synchronize color transfer
;
COPYCL
EA6E 20 B2 EA   	JSR BLINK
EA71 A5 AC      	LDA SAL
EA73 85 AE      	STA EAL
EA75 A5 AD      	LDA SAL+1
EA77 29 03      	AND #%00000011	;$03
EA79 09 94      	ORA #%10010100	;$94
EA7B 85 AF      	STA EAL+1
EA7D 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; LINSTR - Set start of line
;
LINSTR
EA7E BD FD ED   	LDA LBSCAD,X	;$EDFD
EA81 85 D1      	STA LINPTR
EA83 B5 D9      	LDA SLLTBL,X
EA85 29 03      	AND #%00000011	;$03
EA87 0D 88 02   	ORA HIPAGE
EA8A 85 D2      	STA LINPTR+1
EA8C 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; CLRLIN - Clear screen line
;
CLRLIN
EA8D A0 15      	LDY #$15
EA8F 20 7E EA   	JSR LINSTR
EA92 20 B2 EA   	JSR BLINK

CLEARLP
EA95 A9 20      	LDA #' '	;$20
EA97 91 D1      	STA (LINPTR),Y
EA99 A9 01      	LDA #$01
EA9B 91 F3      	STA (COLRPT),Y
EA9D 88         	DEY
EA9E 10 F5      	BPL CLEARLP	;$EA95
EAA0 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; PRNSCR - Print to screen
;
PRNSCR
EAA1 A8         	TAY
EAA2 A9 02      	LDA #$02
EAA4 85 CD      	STA BLNCT
EAA6 20 B2 EA   	JSR BLINK
EAA9 98         	TYA

PRNSCR1
EAAA A4 D3      	LDY CSRIDX
EAAC 91 D1      	STA (LINPTR),Y
EAAE 8A         	TXA
EAAF 91 F3      	STA (COLRPT),Y
EAB1 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; BLINK - Blink cursor
;
BLINK
EAB2 A5 D1      	LDA LINPTR
EAB4 85 F3      	STA COLRPT
EAB6 A5 D2      	LDA LINPTR+1
EAB8 29 03      	AND #%00000011	;$03
EABA 09 94      	ORA #%10010100	;$94
EABC 85 F4      	STA COLRPT+1
EABE 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; IRQVEC - IRQ Vector
;
IRQVEC
EABF 	JSR IUDTIM	;update clock F734
EAC2 A5 CC      	LDA BLNSW
EAC4 D0 29      	BNE IRQVEC2	;$EAEF

EAC6 C6 CD      	DEC BLNCT	;decrement blink count
EAC8 D0 25      	BNE IRQVEC2	;$EAEF

EACA A9 14      	LDA #$14
EACC 85 CD      	STA BLNCT
EACE A4 D3      	LDY CSRIDX
EAD0 46 CF      	LSR BLNON
EAD2 AE 87 02   	LDX CSRCLR
EAD5 B1 D1      	LDA (LINPTR),Y
EAD7 B0 11      	BCS IRQVEC1	;$EAEA

EAD9 E6 CF      	INC BLNON
EADB 85 CE      	STA GDBLN
EADD 20 B2 EA   	JSR BLINK
EAE0 B1 F3      	LDA (COLRPT),Y
EAE2 8D 87 02   	STA CSRCLR
EAE5 AE 86 02   	LDX CLCODE
EAE8 A5 CE      	LDA GDBLN

IRQVEC1
EAEA 49 60      	EOR #%11000000	;$B0 or 60
EAEC 20 AA EA   	JSR PRNSCR1

IRQVEC2
EAEF AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH
EAF2 29 40      	AND #%01000000	;$40
EAF4 F0 0B      	BEQ IRQVEC3	;$EB01

EAF6 A0 00      	LDY #$00
EAF8 84 C0      	STY CAS1
EAFA AD 1C 91   	LDA D1PCR
EAFD 09 02      	ORA #%00000010	;$02
EAFF D0 09      	BNE IRQVEC4	;$EB0A

IRQVEC3
EB01 A5 C0      	LDA CAS1
EB03 D0 0D      	BNE IRQVEC5	;$EB12

EB05 AD 1C 91   	LDA D1PCR
EB08 29 FD      	AND #%11111101	;$FD

IRQVEC4
EB0A 2C 1E 91   	BIT D1IER
EB0D 70 03      	BVS IRQVEC5	;$EB12

EB0F 8D 1C 91   	STA D1PCR

IRQVEC5
EB12 20 1E EB   	JSR ISCNKY	;Eb1E
EB15 2C 24 91   	BIT D2TM1L	;9124
EB18 68         	PLA
EB19 A8         	TAY
EB1A 68         	PLA
EB1B AA         	TAX
EB1C 68         	PLA
EB1D 40         	RTI

;====================================================================
; ISCNKY - Scan keyboard
;
ISCNKY
EB1E A9 00      	LDA #$00
EB20 8D 8D 02   	STA SHFTFL
EB23 A0 40      	LDY #$40
EB25 84 CB      	STY KEYDN
EB27 8D 20 91   	STA D2ORB
EB2A AE 21 91   	LDX D2ORA
EB2D E0 FF      	CPX #$FF
EB2F F0 5E      	BEQ PROCK1A	;$EB8F

EB31 A9 FE      	LDA #$FE
EB33 8D 20 91   	STA D2ORB
EB36 A0 00      	LDY #$00
EB38 A9 5E      	LDA #$5E
EB3A 85 F5      	STA KEYTAB
EB3C A9 EC      	LDA #$EC
EB3E 85 F6      	STA KEYTAB+1

ISCKLP1
EB40 A2 08      	LDX #$0B
EB42 AD 21 91   	LDA D2ORA
EB45 CD 21 91   	CMP D2ORA
EB48 D0 F6      	BNE ISCKLP1	;$EB40

ISCKLP2
EB4A 4A         	LSR
EB4B B0 16      	BCS ISCNK1+3	;$EB63

EB4D 48         	PHA
EB4E B1 F5      	LDA (KEYTAB),Y
EB50 C9 05      	CMP #$05
EB52 B0 0C      	BCS ISCNK1	;$EB60

EB54 C9 03      	CMP #$03
EB56 F0 08      	BEQ ISCNK1	;$EB60

EB58 0D 8D 02   	ORA SHFTFL
EB5B 8D 8D 02   	STA SHFTFL
EB5E 10 02      	BPL ISCNK1+2	;$EB62

ISCNK1
EB60 84 CB      	STY KEYDN
EB62 68         	PLA
EB63 C8         	INY
EB64 C0 41      	CPY #$41
EB66 B0 09      	BCS ISCNEXIT	;$EB71

EB68 CA         	DEX
EB69 D0 DF      	BNE ISCKLP2	;$EB4A

EB6B 38         	SEC
EB6C 2E 20 91   	ROL D2ORB
EB6F D0 CF      	BNE ISCKLP1	;$EB40

ISCNEXIT
EB71 6C 8F 02   	JMP (FCEVAL)
;
; Process key image 
;
PROCKY
EB74 A4 CB      	LDY KEYDN
EB76 B1 F5      	LDA (KEYTAB),Y
EB78 AA         	TAX
EB79 C4 C5      	CPY CURKEY
EB7B F0 07      	BEQ PROCK1	;$EB84

EB7D A0 10      	LDY #$10
EB7F 8C 8C 02   	STY KRPTDL
EB82 D0 36      	BNE PROCK4	;$EBBA

PROCK1
EB84 29 7F      	AND #%01111111	;$7F
EB86 2C 8A 02   	BIT KEYRPT
EB89 30 16      	BMI PROCK2	;$EBA1
EB8B 70 49      	BVS PROCK5	;$EBD6

EB8D C9 7F      	CMP #$7F

PROCK1A
EB8F F0 29      	BEQ PROCK4	;$EBBA

EB91 C9 14      	CMP #$14
EB93 F0 0C      	BEQ PROCK2	;$EBA1

EB95 C9 20      	CMP #$20
EB97 F0 08      	BEQ PROCK2	;$EBA1

EB99 C9 1D      	CMP #$1D
EB9B F0 04      	BEQ PROCK2	;$EBA1

EB9D C9 11      	CMP #$11
EB9F D0 35      	BNE PROCK5	;$EBD6

PROCK2
EBA1 AC 8C 02   	LDY KRPTDL
EBA4 F0 05      	BEQ PROCK3	;$EBAB

EBA6 CE 8C 02   	DEC KRPTDL
EBA9 D0 2B      	BNE PROCK5	;$EBD6

PROCK3
EBAB CE 8E 02   	DEC LSSHFT
EBAE D0 26      	BNE PROCK5	;$EBD6

EBB0 A0 04      	LDY #$04
EBB2 8C 8B 02   	STY KRPTSP
EBB5 A4 C6      	LDY KEYCNT
EBB7 88         	DEY
EBB8 10 1C     	BPL PROCK5	;$EBD6

PROCK4
EBBA A4 CB      	LDY KEYDN
EBBC 84 C5      	STY CURKEY
EBBE AC 8D 02   	LDY SHFTFL
EBC1 8C 8E 02   	STY LSSHFT
EBC4 E0 FF      	CPX #$FF
EBC6 F0 0E      	BEQ PROCK5	;$EBD6

EBC8 8A         	TXA
EBC9 A6 C6      	LDX KEYCNT
EBCB EC 89 02   	CPX KBMAXL
EBCE B0 06      	BCS PROCK5	;$EBD6

EBD0 9D 77 02   	STA KBUFFR,X
EBD3 E8         	INX
EBD4 86 C6      	STX KEYCNT

PROCK5
EBD6 A9 F7      	LDA #$F7
EBD8 8D 20 91   	STA D2ORB
EBDB 60         	RTS


;
; Unknown function (no apparent access)
;
EBDC AD 8D 02   	LDA SHFTFL
EBDF C9 03      	CMP #$03
EBE1 D0 2C      	BNE PROCK6	;$EC0F

EBE3 CD 8E 02   	CMP LSSHFT
EBE6 F0 EE      	BEQ PROCK5	;$EBD6

EBE8 AD 91 02   	LDA SHMODE
EBEB 30 56      	BMI PROCKEX	;$EC43

EBED .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
EBF5 .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
EBFD .db $ea, $ea, $ea

EC00 AD 05 90   	LDA VRSTRT
EC03 49 02      	EOR #$02
EC05 8D 05 90   	STA VRSTRT

EC08 .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea

PROCK6
EC0C 4C 43 EC   	JMP PROCKEX	;$EC43
EC0F 0A         	ASL
EC10 C9 08      	CMP #$0B
EC12 90 04      	BCC $+4	;$EC1B
EC14 A9 06      	LDA #$06

EC16 .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
EC1E .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
EC26 .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
EC2E .db $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea, $ea
EC36 .db $ea, $ea

EC38 AA         	TAX
EC39 BD 46 EC   	LDA KDECOD,X
EC3C 85 F5      	STA KEYTAB
EC3E BD 47 EC   	LDA KDECOD+1,X
EC41 85 F6      	STA KEYTAB+1

PROCKEX
EC43 4C 74 EB   	JMP PROCKY

;====================================================================
; KDECOD - Pointers to keyboard decode tables
;
KDECOD
EC46 .dw KDECD1		;$5E, $EC Unshifted
EC48 .dw KDECD2		;$9F, $EC Shifted
EC4A .dw KDECD3		;$E0, $EC Commodore
EC4C .dw KDECD5		;$A3, $ED Control
EC4E .dw KDECD1		;$EC5E Unshifted
EC50 .dw KDECD2		;$EC9F Shifted
EC52 .dw KDECD4		;$69, $ED Decode
EC54 .dw KDECD5		;$EDA3 Control
EC56 .dw GRTXTF		;$21, $ED Graphics/text control
EC58 .dw KDECD4		;$ED69 Decode
EC5A .dw KDECD4		;$ED69 Decode
EC5C .dw KDECD5		;$EDA3 Control
;
;Unshifted
;
KDECD1
EC5E 31 33 35 37 39 2B
EC64 5C 14 5F 57 52 59 49 50
EC6C 2A 0D 04 41 44 47 4A 4C
EC74 3B 1D 03 01 58 56 4E 2C
EC7C 2F 11 20 5A 43 42 4D 2E
EC84 01 85 02 53 46 4B 4B 3A
EC8C 3D 86 51 45 54 55 4F 40
EC94 5E 87 32 34 36 38 30 2D
EC9C 13 88 FF
;
;shifted
;
KDECD2
EC9F 21 23 25 27 29
ECA4 DB A9 94 5F D7 D2 D9 C9
ECAC D0 C0 8D 04 C1 C4 C7 CA
ECB4 CC 5D 9D 83 01 D8 D6 CE
ECBC 3C 3F 91 A0 DA C3 C2 CD
ECC4 3E 01 89 02 D3 C6 C8 CB
ECCC 5B 3D 8A D1 C5 D4 D5 CF
ECD4 BA DE 8B 22 24 26 28 30
ECDC DD 93 8C FF 
;
;Commodore
;
KDECD3
ECE0 21 23 25 27
ECE4 29 A6 A8 94 5F B3 B2 B7
ECEC A2 AF DF 8D 04 B0 AC A5
ECF4 B5 B6 5D 9D 83 01 BD BE
ECFC AA 3C 3F 91 A0 AD BC BF
ED04 A7 3E 01 89 02 AE BB B4
ED0C A1 5B 3D 8A AB B1 A3 B8
ED14 B9 A4 DE 8B 22 24 26 28
ED1C 30 DC 93 8C FF
;
;Graphics/tect control code
;@$ed21
GRTXTF
	cmp #$0e
	bne $+9	;G1	;+09

	lda #$02
	ora VRSTRT
	sta VRSTRT
	jmp CMD42A

G1		;$ED30
	cmp #$be
	bne G2

	lda #$fd
	and VRSTRT
	sta VRSTRT
	jmp CMD42A

G2		;$ED3F
	cmp #$08
	bne G3
	lda #$80
	ora SHMODE
	sta SHMODE
	bmi $-16	;$-ef

G3		;$ED4D
	cmp #$09
	bne $+235	;EE3D		;$+eb

	lda #$7f
	and SHMODE
	sta SHMODE
	bpl $+225	;ed6b		;$+e1

	inx
	lda SLLTBL,x
	ora #$80
	sta SLLTBL,x
	dex
	lda LINLEN
	clc
	jmp CSRMIN	;$e715

;ED21 C9 0E D0
;ED24 0B A9 02 0D 05 90 8D 05
;ED2C 90 4C DC E6 C9 BE D0 0B
;ED34 A9 FD 2D 05 90 8D 05 90
;ED3C 4C DC E6 C9 08 D0 0A A9
;ED44 80 0D 91 02 8D 91 02 30
;ED4C EF C9 09 D0 EB A9 7F 2D
;ED54 91 02 8D 91 02 10 E1 E8
;ED5C B5 D9 09 80 95 D9 CA A5
;ED64 D5 18 4C 15 E7 
;
;Keyboard decoding table - Shifted
;
KDECD4
ED69 FF FF FF
ED6C FF FF FF FF FF FF 04 FF
ED74 FF FF FF FF E2 9D 83 01
ED7C FF FF FF FF FF 91 A0 FF
ED84 FF FF FF EE 01 89 02 FF
ED8C FF FF FF E1 FD 8A FF FF
ED94 FF FF FF B0 E0 BE F2 F4
ED9C F6 FF F0 ED 93 8C FF 
;
;Keyboard decoding table - control
;
KDECD5
EDA3 90
EDA4 1C 9C 1F 12 FF FF FF 06
EDAC FF 12 FF FF FF FF FF FF
EDB4 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
EDBC FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
EDC4 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
EDCC FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
EDD4 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
EDDC FF FF 05 9F 1E 9E 92 FF
;
;VIC chip setup table
;
VICSUP
EDE4 .db $05, $19, $16, $2E, $00, $C0, $00, $00
EDEC .db $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $1B
;
;Shift-run equivalent
;
RUNSHF
EDF4 .db $4C, $4F, $41, $44, $0D, $52, $55, $4E
EDFC .db $0D 
;
;Low-byte screen address
;
LBSCAD
EDFD .db $00, $16, $2C, $42, $58, $6E, $84
EE04 .db $9A, $B0, $C6, $DC, $F2, $08, $1E, $34
EE0C .db $4A, $60, $76, $8C, $A2, $BB, $CE, $E4


;====================================================================
; ITALK - Send TALK command on serial bus (internal)
;
ITALK
EE14 09 40      	ORA #%01000000	;$40

;====================================================================
; ILISTN - Send LISTEN command on serial bus (internal)
;
ILISTN
EE16 09 20      	ORA #%00100000	;$20
EE19 20 60 F1   	JSR SBIDLE	;test IER for bus idle
EE1C 48         	PHA
EE1D 24 94      	BIT C3PO
EE1F 10 0A      	BPL LISN1	;$EE2B

EE21 38         	SEC
EE22 66 A3      	ROR SBITCF
EE24 20 49 EE   	JSR OTDSBU
EE27 46 94      	LSR C3PO
EE29 46 A3      	LSR SBITCF

LISN1
EE2B 68         	PLA
EE2C 85 95      	STA BSOUT
EE2E 20 A0 E4   	JSR SOUT1	;send DATA=1
EE31 C9 3F      	CMP #%00111111	;$3F
EE33 D0 03      	BNE LISN2	;$EE38

EE35 20 84 EF   	JSR SCLK1	;tsend SCLK=1

LISN2
EE38 AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH
EE3B 09 80      	ORA #%10110000	;$B0
EE3D 8D 1F 91   	STA D1ORAH

ILISTEX
EE40 20 8D EF   	JSR SCLK0	;send SCLK=0
EE43 20 A0 E4   	JSR SOUT1	;send DATA=1
EE46 20 96 EF   	JSR DELAY	;wait


;====================================================================
; OTDSBU- Send data on serial bus
;
OTDSBU
EE49 78         	SEI
EE4A 20 A0 E4   	JSR SOUT1
EE4D 20 B2 E4   	JSR SDCLK
EE50 4A         	LSR
EE51 B0 61      	BCS FLGERR

EE53 20 84 EF   	JSR SCLK1
EE56 24 A3      	BIT SBITCF
EE58 10 0C      	BPL OTDLP3	;$EE66

OTDLP1
EE5A 20 B2 E4   	JSR SDCLK
EE5D 4A         	LSR
EE5E 90 FA      	BCC OTDLP1	;$EE5A

OTDLP2
EE60 20 B2 E4   	JSR SDCLK
EE63 4A         	LSR
EE64 B0 FA      	BCS OTDLP2	;$EE60

OTDLP3
EE66 20 B2 E4   	JSR SDCLK
EE69 4A         	LSR
EE6A 90 FA      	BCC OTDLP3	;$EE66

EE6C 20 8D EF   	JSR SCLK0
EE6F A9 08      	LDA #$08
EE71 85 A5      	STA CNTDN

OTDLP4
EE73 AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH
EE76 CD 1F 91   	CMP D1ORAH
EE79 D0 F8      	BNE OTDLP4	;$EE73

EE7B 4A         	LSR
EE7C 4A         	LSR
EE7D 90 38      	BCC FLGER03	;$EEB7

EE7F 66 95      	ROR BSOUT
EE81 B0 05      	BCS OTDSB1	;$EE8B

EE83 20 A9 E4   	JSR SOUT0
EE86 D0 03      	BNE OTDSB1	;$EE8B

EE88 20 A0  E4  	JSR SOUT1

OTDSB1
EE8B 20 84  EF  	JSR SCLK1

EE8E .db $EA, $EA, $EA, $EA

EE92 AD 2C 91   	LDA D2PCR
EE95 29 DF      	AND #%11011111	;$DF
EE97 09 02      	ORA #%00000010	;$02
EE99 8D 2C 91   	STA D2PCR
EE9C C6 A5      	DEC CNTDN
EE9E D0 D3      	BNE OTDLP4	;$EE73

EEA0 A9 04      	LDA #$04
EEA2 8D 29 91   	STA D2TM2H

OTDLP5
EEA5 AD 2D 91   	LDA D2IFR
EEA8 29 20      	AND #%00100000	;$20
EEAA D0 0B      	BNE FLGER03	;$EEB7

EEAC 20 B2 E4   	JSR SDCLK
EEAF 4A         	LSR
EEB0 B0 F3      	BCS OTDLP5	;$EEA5
EEB2 58         	CLI
EEB3 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; FLGERR - Flag errors
;
FLGERR
EEB4 A9 80      	LDA #$80	; Error $80 - device not present
EEB6 2C	.db $2C

FLGER03
EEB7 A9 03   	LDA #$03	; Error $03 - write timeout
EEB9 20 6A FE   	JSR ISETMS1	;$FE6A External entry into ISETMS
EEBC 58         	CLI
EEBD 18         	CLC
EEBE 90 49      	BCC IUNLSN+5	;$EF09


;====================================================================
; ISECND - Send LISTEN secondary address (internal)
;
ISECND
EEC0 85 95      	STA BSOUT
EEC2 20 40 EE   	JSR ILISTEX	;$EE40 external entry into ILISTN
		;CLK=0, DATA=1, pause
;
; CLRATN - Clear the ATN line
;
CLRATN
EEC5 AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH	; release ATN
EEC8 29 7F      	AND #%01111111	;$7F
EECA 8D 1F 91   	STA D1ORAH
EECD 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; ITKSA - Sent TALK secondary address (internal)
;
ITKSA
EECE 65 95      	STA BSOUT     
EED0 20 40 EE   	JSR ILISTEX	;$EE40 external entry into ILISTN
		;CLK=0, DATA=1, pause
;
; Wait for CLK
;
CLKWAIT
EED3 78         	SEI
EED4 20 A9 E4   	JSR SOUT0
EED7 20 C5 EE   	JSR CLRATN
EEDA 20 84 EF   	JSR SCLK1

CLKWAIT
EEDD 20 B2 E4   	JSR SDCLK
EEE0 B0 FB      	BCS CLKWAIT	;$EEDD
EEE2 58         	CLI
EEE3 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; ICIOUT - Send serial deferred (internal)
;
ICIOUT
EEE4 24 94      	BIT C3PO       
EEE6 30 05      	BMI ICIOUT1	;$EEED
EEE8 38         	SEC
EEE9 66 94      	ROR C3PO
EEEB D0 05      	BNE ICIOUT2	;$EEF2

ICIOUT1
EEED 48         	PHA
EEEE 20 49 EE   	JSR OTDSBU
EEF1 68         	PLA

ICIOUT2
EEF2 85 95      	STA BSOUT
EEF4 18         	CLC
EEF5 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; IUNTLK - Send UNTALK on serial bus (internal)
;
IUNTLK
EEF6 20 8D EF   	JSR SCLK0
EEF7 AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH
EEF9 AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH
EEFC 09 80      	ORA #%10110000	;$B0
EEFE 8D 1F 91   	STA D1ORAH

EF01 A9 5F      	LDA #$5F	;entry 1
EF03 2C 	.db $2C	;really BIT $3FA9 to skip EF04

;====================================================================
; IUNLSN - Send UNLISTEN on serial bus (internal)
;
IUNLSN
EF04 A9 3F      	LDA #$3F	;entry 2
EF06 20 1C EE   	JSR ILISTN+5	;$EE1C skip serial idle test
EF09 20 C5 EE   	JSR CLRATN
EF0C 8A         	TXA
EF0D A2 0B      	LDX #$0B

IUNLP1
EF0F CA         	DEX
EF10 D0 FD      	BNE IUNLP1	;$EF0F
EF12 AA         	TAX
EF13 20 84 EF   	JSR SCLK1
EF16 4C A0 E4   	JMP SOUT1

;====================================================================
; IACPTR - Receive from serial bus (internal)
;
IACPTR
EF19 78         	SEI           
EF1A A9 00      	LDA #$00
EF1C 85 A5      	STA CNTDN
EF1E 20 84 EF   	JSR SCLK1

IACPLP1
EF21 20 B2 E4   	JSR SDCLK
EF24 90 FB      	BCC IACPLP1	;$EF21

EF26 20 A0 E4   	JSR SOUT1

IACPTR1
EF29 A9 01      	LDA #$01
EF2B 8D 29 91   	STA D2TM2H

IACPLP2
EF2E AD 2D 91   	LDA D2IFR
EF31 29 20      	AND #%00100000	;$20
EF33 D0 07      	BNE IACPTR2	;$EF3C

EF35 20 B2 E4   	JSR SDCLK
EF38 B0 F4      	BCS IACPLP2	;$EF2E
EF3A 90 18      	BCC IACPTR3A	;$EF54

IACPTR2
EF3C A5 A5      	LDA CNTDN
EF3E F0 05      	BEQ IACPTR3	;$EF45

EF40 A9 02      	LDA #$02	;set eerror code to 2
EF42 4C B9 EE   	JMP FLGER03+2	;$EEB9 

IACPTR3
EF45 20 A9 E4   	JSR SOUT0
EF48 20 0C EF   	JSR IUNLSN+8	;$EF0C
EF4B A9 40      	LDA #$40
EF4D 20 6A FE   	JSR ISETMS+4	;$FE6A
EF50 E6 A5      	INC CNTDN
EF52 D0 D5      	BNE IACPTR1	;$EF29

IACPTR3A
EF54 A9 08      	LDA #$0B

IACPLP3
EF56 85 A5      	STA CNTDN

IACPLP4
EF58 AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH
EF5B CD 1F 91   	CMP D1ORAH
EF5E D0 F8      	BNE IACPLP3	;$EF56

EF60 4A         	LSR
EF61 90 F5      	BCC IACPLP4	;$EF58

EF63 4A         	LSR
EF64 66 A4      	ROR CYCLE

IACPLP5
EF66 AD 1F 91   	LDA D1ORAH
EF69 CD 1F 91   	CMP D1ORAH
EF6C D0 F8      	BNE IACPLP5	;$EF66

EF6E 4A         	LSR
EF6F B0 F5      	BCS IACPLP5	;$EF66

EF71 C6 A5      	DEC CNTDN
EF73 D0 E3      	BNE IACPLP4	;$EF58

EF75 20 A9 E4   	JSR SOUT0
EF78 A5 90      	LDA CSTAT
EF7A F0 03      	BEQ IACPEX	;$EF7F

EF7C 20 0C EF   	JSR IUNLSN+8

IACPEX
EF7F A5 A4      	LDA CYCLE
EF81 58         	CLI
EF82 18         	CLC
EF83 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; SCLK1 - Set Serial CLK "1" (inverted logic)
;
SCLK1
EF84 AD 2C 91   	LDA D2PCR
EF87 29 FD      	AND #%11111101	;$FD
EF89 8D 2C 91   	STA D2PCR
EF8C 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; SCLK0 - Set Serial CLK "0"
;
SCLK0
EF8D AD 2C 91   	LDA D2PCR
EF90 09 02      	ORA #%00000010	;$02
EF92 8D 2C 91   	STA D2PCR
EF95 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; DELAY - Delay 1ms
;
DELAY
EF96 A9 04      	LDA #$04
EF98 8D 29 91   	STA D2TM2H

DLYLOOP
EF9B AD 2D 91   	LDA D2IFR
EF9E 29 20      	AND #%00100000	;$20
EFA0 F0 F9      	BEQ DLYLOOP	;$EF9B
EFA2 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; SSEND - RS-232 Send
;
SSEND
EFA3 A5 B4      	LDA BITTS
EFA5 F0 47      	BEQ SSNDN
EFA7 30 3F      	BMI SSEND1	;$EFE8

EFA9 46 B6      	LSR RODATA
EFAB A2 00      	LDX #$00
EFAD 90 01      	BCC SSEND2	;$EFB0

EFAF CA         	DEX

SSEND2
EFB0 8A         	TXA
EFB1 45 BD      	EOR ROPRTY
EFB3 85 BD      	STA ROPRTY
EFB5 C6 B4      	DEC BITTS
EFB7 F0 06      	BEQ SSEND3	;$EFBF

SSEND2A
EFB9 8A         	TXA
EFBA 29 20      	AND #%00100000	;$20
EFBC 85 B5      	STA NXTBIT
EFBE 60         	RTS

SSEND3
EFBF A9 20      	LDA #$20
EFC1 2C 94 02   	BIT M51CDR
EFC4 F0 14      	BEQ SSEND5	;$EFDA
EFC6 30 1C      	BMI SSEND7	;$EFE4
EFC8 70 14      	BVS SSEND6	;$EFDE

EFCA A5 BD      	LDA ROPRTY
EFCC D0 01      	BNE SSEND4A	;$EFCF

SSEND4
EFCE CA         	DEX

SSEND4A
EFCF C6 B4      	DEC BITTS
EFD1 AD 93 02   	LDA M51CTR
EFD4 10 E3      	BPL SSEND2A	;$EFB9

EFD6 C6 B4      	DEC BITTS
EFD8 D0 DF      	BNE SSEND2A	;$EFB9

SSEND5
EFDA E6 B4      	INC BITTS
EFDC D0 F0      	BNE SSEND4	;$EFCE

SSEND6
EFDE A5 BD      	LDA ROPRTY
EFE0 F0 ED      	BEQ SSEND4A	;$EFCF
EFE2 D0 EA      	BNE SSEND4	;$EFCE

SSEND7
EFE4 70 E9      	BVS SSEND4A	;$EFCF
EFE6 50 E6      	BVC SSEND4	;$EFCE

SSEND1
EFE8 E6 B4      	INC BITTS
EFEA A2 FF      	LDX #$FF
EFEC D0 CB      	BNE SSEND2A	;$EFB9


;====================================================================
; SSNDN - Send new RS-232 byte
;
SSNDN
EFEE AD 94 02  	LDA M51CDR
EFF1 4A         	LSR
EFF2 90 07      	BCC SSNDN1	;$EFFB

EFF4 2C 20 91   	BIT D2ORB
EFF7 10 1D      	BPL DSRERR
EFF9 50 1E      	BVC CTSERR

SSNDN1
EFFB A9 00      	LDA #$00
EFFD 85 BD      	STA ROPRTY
EFFF 85 B5      	STA NXTBIT
F001 AE 98 02   	LDX BITNUM
F004 86 B4      	STX BITTS
F006 AC 9D 02   	LDY RODBS
F009 CC 9E 02   	CPY RODBE
F00C F0 13      	BEQ DISTIM

F00E B1 F9      	LDA (ROBUF),Y
F010 85 B6      	STA RODATA
F012 EE 9D 02   	INC RODBS
F015 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; DSRERR - "No DSR"/"CTS" errors
;
DSRERR
F016 A9 40	LDA #$40	; no DSR
F018 2C   	.db $2C	;bit $10a9
;
; CTSERR - CTS Error
;
CTSERR
F019 A9 10	LDA #$10	; no CTS
F01B 0D 97 02   	ORA RSSTAT
F01E 8D 97 02   	STA RSSTAT
;
; DISTIM - Disable timer
;
DISTIM
F021 A9 40      	LDA #$40	; disable timer
F023 8D 1E 91   	STA D1IER
F026 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; BITCNT - Compute bit count
;
BITCNT
F027 A2 09     	LDX #$09
F029 A9 20      	LDA #$20
F02B 2C 93 02   	BIT M51CTR
F02E F0 01      	BEQ $+1	;$F031

F030 CA         	DEX
F031 50 02      	BVC BITEXIT	;$F035
F033 CA         	DEX
F034 CA         	DEX

BITEXIT
F035 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; SERRX - RS-232 Receive
;
SERRX
F036 A6 A9      	LDX RINONE
F038 D0 2E      	BNE PROCSB

F03A C6 A8      	DEC TPRWRE
F03C F0 31      	BEQ PROCSB1	;$F06F
F03E 30 0D      	BMI SERRX1	;$F04D

F040 A5 A7      	LDA INBIT
F042 45 AB      	EOR RIPRTY
F044 85 AB      	STA RIPRTY
F046 46 A7      	LSR INBIT
F048 66 AA      	ROR RIDATA

SERRXEX
F04A 60         	RTS

F04B C6 A8      	DEC TPRWRE

SERRX1
F04D A5 A7      	LDA INBIT
F04F F0 62      	BEQ PRSBEX	;$F0B3
F051 AD 93 02   	LDA M51CTR
F054 0A         	ASL
F055 A9 01      	LDA #$01
F057 65 A8      	ADC TPRWRE
F059 D0 EF      	BNE SERRXEX	;$F04A
;
; RXSET - Setup to receive
;
RXSET
F05B A9 90      	LDA #$90
F05D 8D 1E 91   	STA D1IER
F060 85 A9      	STA RINONE
F062 A9 20      	LDA #$20
F064 8D 1E 91   	STA D1IER
F067 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; PROCSB - Process RS-232 byte
;
PROCSB
F068 A5 A7      	LDA INBIT
F06A D0 EF      	BNE RXSET
F06C 85 A9      	STA RINONE
F06E 60         	RTS

F06F AC 9B 02   	LDY RIDBE
F072 C8         	INY
F073 CC 9C 02   	CPY RIDBSR
F076 F0 2A      	BEQ SBE04	;$F0A2

F078 8C 9B 02   	STY RIDBE
F07B 88         	DEY
F07C A5 AA      	LDA RIDATA
F07E AE 98 02   	LDX BITNUM

PRSBLP1
F081 E0 09      	CPX #$09
F083 F0 04      	BEQ PROCSB2	;$F089

F085 4A         	LSR
F086 E8         	INX
F087 D0 F8      	BNE PRSBLP1	;$F081

PROCSB2
F089 91 F7      	STA (RIBUF),Y
F08B A9 20      	LDA #$20
F08D 2C 94 02   	BIT M51CDR
F090 F0 B9      	BEQ SERRX1-2	;$F04B
F092 30 B6      	BMI SERRX1-3	;$F04A RTS

F094 A5 A7      	LDA INBIT
F096 45 AB      	EOR RIPRTY
F098 F0 03      	BEQ $+3	;$F09D
F09A 70 AE      	BVS SERRX1-3	;$F04A

F09C 2C 	.db $2C
F09D 50 AB   	BVC SINPEX2	;BIT $A850 = BVC+A8

SBE01
F09F A9 01      	LDA #$01
F0A1 2C 	.db $2C

SBE04
F0A2 A9 04   	LDA #$04	;BIT $04A9
F0A4 2C	.db $2C

SBE80
F0A5 A9 80   	LDA #$80	;BIT $80A9
F0A7 2C 	.db $2C

SBE02
F0A8 A9 02   	LDA #$02	;BIT $02A9
F0AA 0D 97 02   	ORA RSSTAT
F0AD 8D 97 02   	STA RSSTAT
F0B0 4C 5B F0   	JMP RXSET

PRSBEX
F0B3 A5 AA      	LDA RIDATA
F0B5 D0 F1      	BNE SBE02	;$F0A8
F0B7 F0 EC      	BEQ SBE80	;$F0A5
F0B9 4C 96 F7   	JMP IOERMS9	;$F796


;====================================================================
; SSUBBT - Submit to RS-232
;
SSUBBT
F0BC 85 9A      	STA OUTDEV
F0BE AD 94 02   	LDA M51CDR
F0C1 4A         	LSR
F0C2 90 27      	BCC SSRETC	;$F0EB return OK

F0C4 A9 02      	LDA #$02
F0C6 2C 10 91   	BIT D1OUTB
F0C9 10 1D      	BPL SSRETE	;$F0E8 return DSR error
F0CB D0 1E      	BNE SSRETC	;$F0EB

SSLOOP1
F0CD AD 1E 91   	LDA D1IER
F0D0 29 30      	AND #%00110000	;$30
F0D2 D0 F9      	BNE SSLOOP1	;$F0CD

SSLOOP2
F0D4 2C 10 91   	BIT D1OUTB
F0D7 70 FB      	BVS SSLOOP2	;$F0D4

F0D9 AD 10 91   	LDA D1OUTB
F0DC 09 02      	ORA #$02
F0DE 8D 10 91   	STA D1OUTB

SSLOOP3
F0E1 2C 10 91   	BIT D1OUTB
F0E4 70 05      	BVS SSRETC	;$F0EB
F0E6 30 F9      	BMI SSLOOP3	;$F0E1

SSRETE
F0E8 20 16 F0   	JSR DSRERR	;set DSR error

SSRETC
F0EB 18         	CLC
F0EC 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; SSENDB - Send to RS-232 buffer
;
SSENDB
F0ED AC 9E 02   	LDY RODBE
F0F0 C8         	INY
F0F1 CC 9D 02   	CPY RODBS
F0F4 F0 F7      	BEQ SSENDB

F0F6 8C 9E 02   	STY RODBE
F0F9 88         	DEY
F0FA 91 F9      	STA (ROBUF),Y
F0FC 2C 1E 91   	BIT D1IER
F0FF 50 01      	BVC SNDB1	;$F102

F101 60        	RTS

SNDB1
F102 AD 99 02   	LDA BAUDOF
F105 8D 14 91   	STA D1TM1L
F108 AD 9A 02   	LDA BAUDOF+1
F10B 8D 15 91   	STA D1TM1L+1
F10E A9 C0      	LDA #%11000000	;$C0
F110 8D 1E 91   	STA D1IER
F113 4C EE EF   	JMP SSNDN


;====================================================================
; SERINP - Input from RS-232
;
SERINP
F116 85 99      	STA INDEV
F118 AD 94 02   	LDA M51CDR
F11B 4A         	LSR
F11C 90 28      	BCC SINPEX2	;$F146

F11E 29 08      	AND #%00001000	;$08
F120 F0 24      	BEQ SINPEX2	;$F146

F122 A9 02      	LDA #$02
F124 2C 10 91   	BIT D1OUTB
F127 10 BF      	BPL SSRETE	;$F0E8 DSR error
F129 F0 19      	BEQ SINRETC	;$F144

SINPLP1
F12B 2C 1E 91   	BIT D1IER
F12E 70 FB      	BVS SINPLP1	;$F12B

F130 AD 10 91   	LDA D1OUTB
F133 29 FD      	AND #%11111101	;$FD
F135 8D 10 91   	STA D1OUTB

SINLP2
F138 AD 10 91   	LDA D1OUTB
F13B 29 04      	AND #%00000100	;$04
F13D F0 F9      	BEQ SINLP2	;$F138

SINPEX1
F13F A9 90      	LDA #%10010000	;$90
F141 8D 1E 91   	STA D1IER

SINRETC
F144 18         	CLC
F145 60         	RTS

SINPEX2
F146 AD 1E 91   	LDA D1IER
F149 29 30      	AND #%00110000	;$30
F14B F0 F2      	BEQ SINPEX1	;$F13F
F14D 18         	CLC
F14E 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; SERGET - Get from RS-232
;
SERGET
F14F AC 9C 02   	LDY RIDBSR
F152 CC 9B 02   	CPY RIDBE
F155 F0 06      	BEQ SERGET1	;$F15D

F157 E1 F7      	LDA (RIBUF),Y
F159 EE 9C 02   	INC RIDBSR
F15C 60         	RTS

SERGET1
F15D A9 00      	LDA #$00
F15F 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; SBIDLE - Serial bus idle
;
SBIDLE
F160 48         	PHA
F161 AD 1E 91   	LDA D1IER
F164 F0 0C      	BEQ SBIDLEX	;$F172

SBIDLLP
F166 AD 1E 91   	LDA D1IER
F169 29 60      	AND #$60
F16B D0 F9      	BNE SBIDLLP	;$F166

F16D A9 10      	LDA #$10
F16F 8D 1E 91   	STA D1IER

SBIDLEX
F172 68         	PLA
F173 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; KIOMSG - KERNEL I/O messages
;
KIOMSG
F174 .db $0D, 'I/O ERROR', $0D, $0D		;00h

F180 .db $0D, 'SEARCHING FOR '		;0Ch

F18F .db $0D, 'PRESS PLAY ON TAPE'		;1Bh

F1A2 .db 'PRESS RECORD & PLAY ON TAPE'	;2Eh

F1BD .db $0D, 'LOADING'		;49h

F1C5 .db $0D, 'SAVING '		;51h

F1CD .db $0D, 'VERIFYING'		;59h

F1D7 .db $0D, 'FOUND '		;63h

F1DE .db $0D, 'OK <CR>'		;6Ah


;====================================================================
; DIRMSG - Print message to screen if Direct
;
DIRMSG
F1E2 24 9D      	BIT $9D
F1E4 10 0D      	BPL MSGEXIT	;$F1F3
;
; MSG - Print message
;
MSG
F1E6 B9 74 F1   	LDA KIOMSG,Y	; Y = message#
F1E9 08         	PHP
F1EA 29 7F      	AND #%01111111	;$7F clear character shift
F1EC 	JSR (CHOTVP)	;CHROUT
F1EF C8         	INY
F1F0 28         	PLP
F1F1 10 F3      	BPL MSG

MSGEXIT
F1F3 18         	CLC
F1F4 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; IGETIN - Get a byte (internal)
;
IGETIN
F1F5 A5 99      	LDA INDEV      
F1F7 D0 08      	BNE IGET232	;$F201
F1F9 A5 C6      	LDA KEYCNT
F1FB F0 6D      	BEQ GTSCEXC	;$F26A
F1FD 78         	SEI
F1FE 4C CF E5   	JMP LP2

IGET232
F201 C9 02      	CMP #$02	;input from RS-232?
F203 D0 18      	BNE CHINSCRN	;$F21D

IGETIN1
F205 84 97      	STY REGSAV
F207 20 4F F1   	JSR SERGET
F20A A4 97      	LDY REGSAV
F20C 18         	CLC
F20D 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; ICHRIN - Input a byte (internal)
;
ICHRIN
F20E A5 99      	LDA INDEV
F210 D0 0B      	BNE CHINSCRN	;$F21D not 0, must not be keyboard

F212 A5 D3      	LDA CSRIDX
F214 85 CA      	STA ICRCOL
F216 A5 D6      	LDA CURROW
F218 85 C9      	STA ICRROW
F21A 4C 4F E6   	JMP INSCR	;$E64F

CHINSCRN
F21D C9 03      	CMP #$03	;screen?
F21F D0 09      	BNE ICHRIN1	;$F22A

F221 85 D0      	STA INSRC
F223 A5 D5      	LDA LINLEN
F225 85 C8      	STA EOLPTR
F227 4C 4F E6   	JMP INSCR	;$E64F

ICHRIN1
F22A B0 38      	BCS GTTSCH1	;$F264

F22C C9 02      	CMP #$02	;RS-232?
F22E F0 3F      	BEQ GTTSCH2	;$F26F

F230 86 97      	STX REGSAV
F232 20 50 F2   	JSR GTTSCH
F235 B0 16      	BCS ICHREXIT	;$F24D

F237 48         	PHA
F238 20 50 F2   	JSR GTTSCH
F23B B0 0D      	BCS ICHRIN3	;$F24A
F23D D0 05      	BNE ICHRIN2	;$F244
F23F A9 40      	LDA #$40
F241 20 6A FE   	JSR ISETMS+4	;$FE6A

ICHRIN2
F244 C6 A6      	DEC BUFPNT
F246 A6 97      	LDX REGSAV
F248 68         	PLA
F249 60         	RTS

ICHRIN3
F24A AA         	TAX
F24B 68         	PLA
F24C 8A         	TXA

ICHREXIT
F24D A6 97      	LDX REGSAV
F24F 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; GTTSCH - Get input from tape/serial/RS-232
;
GTTSCH
F250 20 8A F8   	JSR INCTPT
F253 D0 0B      	BNE GTTSCEX	;$F260
F255 20 C0 F8   	JSR TPREAD
F258 B0 11      	BCS GTSCEXC+1	;$F26B
F25A A9 00      	LDA #$00
F25C 85 A6      	STA BUFPNT
F25E F0 F0      	BEQ GTTSCH	;$F250

GTTSCEX
F260 B1 B2      	LDA (CBSTPT),Y
F262 18         	CLC
F263 60         	RTS

GTTSCH1
F264 A5 90      	LDA CSTAT
F266 F0 04      	BEQ GTTSCH2	;$F26C
F268 A9 0D      	LDA #$0D

GTSCEXC
F26A 18         	CLC
F26B 60         	RTS

GTTSCH2
F26C 4C 19 EF   	JMP ACPTR

GTSCHLP
F26F 20 05 F2   	JSR IGETIN1
F272 B0 05      	BCS GTSCEX2	;$F279
F274 C9 00      	CMP #$00
F276 F0 F7      	BEQ GTSCHLP	;$F26F

F278 18         	CLC

GTSCEX2
F279 60         	RTS


;====================================================================
; ICHROT - Output one character (internal)
;
ICHROT
F27A 48        	PHA
F27B A5 9A      	LDA OUTDEV
F27D C9 03      	CMP #$03	;screen?
F27F D0 04      	BNE ONOTSCR	;$F285 no, skip

F281 68         	PLA
F282 4C 42 E7   	JMP OUTSCR	;send to screen

ONOTSCR
F285 90 04      	BCC OTIEEE	;$F28B serial - RS232 or IEEE?

F287 68         	PLA
F288 4C E4 EE   	JMP ICIOUT	;send to IEEE

OTIEEE
F28B C9 02      	CMP #$02
F28D F0 2A      	BEQ OTRS232	;$F2B9 send to RS232

F28F 68         	PLA	;must be tape
F290 85 9E      	STA TPTR1
F292 48         	PHA
F293 8A         	TXA
F294 48         	PHA
F295 98         	TYA
F296 48         	PHA
F297 20 8A F8   	JSR INCTPT	;increment tape pointer
F29A D0 0E      	BNE CHROT1	;$F2AA

F29C 20 E3 F8   	JSR TPWRIT	;write char
F29F B0 0E      	BCS CHROT2	;$F2AF

F2A1 A9 02      	LDA #$02
F2A3 A0 00      	LDY #$00
F2A5 91 B2      	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F2A7 C8         	INY
F2A8 84 A6      	STY BUFPNT

CHROT1
F2AA A5 9E      	LDA TPTR1
F2AC 91 B2      	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F2AE 18         	CLC
F2AF 68         	PLA

CHROT2
F2B0 A8         	TAY
F2B1 68         	PLA
F2B2 AA         	TAX
F2B3 68         	PLA
F2B4 90 02      	BCC CHRRET	;$F2B8
F2B6 A9 00      	LDA #$00

CHRRET
F2B8 60         	RTS

OTRS232
F2B9 68         	PLA
F2BA 86 97      	STX REGSAV
F2BC 84 9E      	STY TPTR1
F2BE 20 ED F0   	JSR SSENDB
F2C1 A6 97     	LDX REGSAV
F2C3 A4 9E      	LDY TPTR1
F2C5 18         	CLC
F2C6 60         	RTS

;====================================================================
; ICHKIN - Set input device (internal)
;
ICHKIN
F2C7 20 CF F3   	JSR FIND
F2CA F0 03      	BEQ ICHKI1	;$F2CF
F2CC 4C 84 F7   	JMP IOERMS3	;$F784

ICHKI1
F2CF 20 DF F3   	JSR FLATRB
F2D2 A5 BA      	LDA CHANNL
F2D4 F0 16      	BEQ ICHKI2	;$F2EC

F2D6 C9 03      	CMP #$03	;SCREEN?
F2D8 F0 12      	BEQ ICHKI2	;$F2EC
F2DA B0 14      	BCS ICHKI3	;$F2F0 IEEE?

F2DC C9 02      	CMP #$02	;RS232?
F2DE D0 03      	BNE $+3	;$F2E3
F2E0 4C 16 F1   	JMP SERINP	;go to serial input

F2E3 A6 B9      	LDX SECADR
F2E5 E0 60      	CPX #$60
F2E7 F0 03      	BEQ ICHKI2	;$F2EC
F2E9 4C 8D F7   	JMP IOERMS6	;$F78D

ICHKI2
F2EC 85 99      	STA INDEV
F2EE 18         	CLC
F2EF 60         	RTS

ICHKI3		;handle IEEE
F2F0 AA         	TAX
F2F1 20 14 EE   	JSR TALK
F2F4 A5 B9      	LDA SECADR
F2F6 10 06      	BPL ICHKI4	;$F2FE
F2F8 20 D3 EE   	JSR CLKWAIT
F2FB 4C 01 F3   	JMP ICHKI4+3	;$F301

ICHKI4
F2FE 20 CE EE   	JSR TKSA
F301 8A         	TXA
F302 24 90      	BIT CSTAT
F304 10 E6      	BPL ICHKI2	;$F2EC
F306 4C 8A F7   	JMP IOERMS5	;$F78A


;====================================================================
; ICHKOT - Set output device (internal)
;
ICHKOT
F309 20 CF F3  	JSR FIND
F30C F0 03     	BEQ $+3	;$F311
F30E 4C 84 F7  	JMP IOERMS3	;$F784 Press play

F311 20 DF F3  	JSR FLATRB
F314 A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
F316 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;$F31B

ICHKER7
F318 4C 90 F7  	JMP IOERMS7	;$F790 dev0=kbd Verify

F31B C9 03     	CMP #$03	;screen?
F31D F0 0F     	BEQ ICHKO1	;$F32E
F31F B0 11     	BCS ICHKO2	;$F332 IEEE

F321 C9 02     	CMP #$02	;RS232?
F323 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;$F328
F325 4C BC F0  	JMP SSUBBT

F328 A6 B9     	LDX SECADR	;devs 0, 1
F32A E0 60     	CPX #$60
F32C F0 EA     	BEQ ICHKER7	;$F318 tape verify

ICHKO1		;screen
F32E 85 9A     	STA OUTDEV	
F330 18        	CLC
F331 60        	RTS

ICHKO2		;IEEE
F332 AA        	TAX	
F333 20 17 EE  	JSR LISTEN
F336 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F338 10 05     	BPL $+5	;$F33F

F33A 20 C5 EE  	JSR CLRATN
F33D D0 03     	BNE $+3	;$F342

F33F 20 C0 EE  	JSR ISECND
F342 8A        	TXA
F343 24 90     	BIT CSTAT
F345 10 E7     	BPL ICHKO1	;$F32E

F347 4C 8A F7  	JMP IOERMS5	;$F78A Loading


;====================================================================
; ICLOSE - Close file (internal)
;
ICLOSE
F34A 20 D4 F3  	JSR $F3D4
F34D F0 02     	BEQ $+2	;$F351
F34F 18        	CLC
F350 60        	RTS

ICLSE
F351 20 DF F3  	JSR FLATRB
F354 8A        	TXA
F355 48        	PHA
F356 A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
F358 F0 57     	BEQ $F3B1

F35A C9 03     	CMP #$03	;screen
F35C F0 53     	BEQ ICLSE4	;$F3B1
F35E B0 4E     	BCS ICLSE3	;$F3AE

F360 C9 02     	CMP #$02	;RS232
F362 D0 29     	BNE ICLSE1	;$F38D

F364 68        	PLA
F365 20 B2 F3  	JSR ICLSE4+1	;$F3B2
F368 A9 7D     	LDA #%011111101	;$7D
F36A 8D 1E 91  	STA D1IER
F36D A9 06     	LDA #%00000110	;$06
F36F 8D 10 91  	STA D1OUTB
F372 A9 EE     	LDA #11101110	;$EE
F374 8D 1C 91  	STA D1PCR
F377 20 75 FE  	JSR IMEMTP+2	;$FE75
F37A A5 F8     	LDA RIBUF+1
F37C F0 01     	BEQ $+1	;$F37F

F37E C8        	INY
F37F A5 FA     	LDA ROBUF+1
F381 F0 01     	BEQ $+1	;$F384

F383 C8        	INY
F384 A9 60     	LDA #$00
F386 65 F8     	STA RIBUF+1
F388 85 FA     	STA ROBUF+1
F38A 4C 3C F5  	JMP $F53C

ICLSE1
F38D A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F38F 29 0F     	AND #%00001111	;$0F
F391 F0 1E     	BEQ ICLSE4	;$F3B1

F393 20 4D F8  	JSR GETBFA	;$F84D
F396 A9 00     	LDA #$00
F398 20 90 F2  	JSR OTIEEE+4	;$F290 skips channel check
F39B 4C CF E4  	JMP TPWPCH	;$E4CF

ICLSE1
F39E B0 2E     	BCS ICLSEEX	;$F3CE
F3A0 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F3A2 C9 62     	CMP #$62
F3A4 D0 0B     	BNE ICLSE4	;$F3B1
F3A6 A9 05     	LDA #$05
F3A8 20 E7 F7  	JSR WRTPHD
F3AB 4C B1 F3  	JMP ICLSE4	;$F3B1

F3AE 20 DA F6  	JSR $F6DA

ICLSE4
F3B1 68        	PLA
F3B2 AA        	TAX
F3B3 C6 98     	DEC COPNFL
F3B5 E4 98     	CPX COPNFL
F3B7 F0 14     	BEQ $F3CD
F3B9 A4 98     	LDY COPNFL
F3BB B9 59 02  	LDA FILTBL,Y
F3BE 9D 59 02  	STA FILTBL,X
F3C1 B9 63 02  	LDA DEVTBL,Y
F3C4 9D 63 02  	STA DEVTBL,X
F3C7 B9 6D 02  	LDA SECTAB,Y
F3CA 9D 6D 02  	STA SECTAB,X
F3CD 16        	CLC

ICLSEEX
F3CE 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; FIND - Find file
;
FIND
F3CF A9 00     	LDA #$00
F3D1 85 90     	STA CSTAT
F3D3 8A        	TXA
F3D4 A6 98     	LDX COPNFL

FINDLOOP
F3D6 CA        	DEX
F3D7 30 15     	BMI FLATRBX	;$F3EE

F3D9 DD 59  02 	CMP FILTBL,X
F3DC 60 F8     	BNE FINDLOOP	;$F3D6

F3DE 60        	RTS

;====================================================================
; FLATRB - Set file values
;
FLATRB
F3DF BD 59 02	LDA FILTBL,X
F3E2 85 B8	STA LOGFIL
F3E4 BD 63 02	LDA DEVTBL,X
F3E7 85 BA	STA CHANNL
F3E9 BD 6D 02	LDA SECTAB,X
F3EC 85 B9	STA SECADR

FLATRBX
F3EE 60	RTS
;====================================================================
; ICLALL - Abort all files (internal)
;
ICLALL
F3EF A9 00     	LDA #$00
F3F1 85 98     	STA COPNFL

;====================================================================
; ICLRCH - Restore default I/O (internal)
;
ICLRCH
F3F3 A2 03     	LDX #$03
F3F5 E4 9A     	CPX OUTDEV	;is output device <=3
F3F7 B0 03     	BCS $+3	;$F3FC yes, continue 
 
F3F9 20 04 EF  	JSR IUNLSN	;send unlisten command

F3FC E4 99     	CPX INDEV	;is input device <=3
F3FE B0 03     	BCS $+3	;$F403 yes, continue

F400 20 F6 EE  	JSR IUNTLK	;send untalk

F403 86 9A     	STX OUTDEV
F405 A9 00     	LDA #$00
F407 85 99     	STA INDEV
F409 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; IOPEN - Open file (internal)
;
IOPEN
F40A A6 B8     	LDX LOGFIL
F40C D0 03     	BNE $+3	;F411 <>0 not "save"
F40E 4C 8D F7  	JMP IOERMS6	;$F78D saving

F411 20 CF F3  	JSR FIND
F414 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;F419
F416 4C 81 F7  	JMP IOERMS2	;$F781 searching for

F419 A6 98     	LDX COPNFL
F41B E0 0A     	CPX #$0A	;10 files open?
F41D 90 03     	BCC $+3	;F422
F41F 4C 7E F7  	JMP IOERMS	;I/O error

F422 E6 98     	INC COPNFL
F424 A5 B8     	LDA LOGFIL
F426 9D 59 02  	STA FILTBL,X
F429 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F42B 09 60     	ORA #%01100000	;$60
F42D 85 B9     	STA SECADR
F42F 9D 6D 02  	STA SECTAB,X
F432 A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
F434 9D 63 02  	STA DEVTBL,X
F437 F0 5A     	BEQ IOPENRC	;$F493 return clear

F439 C9 03     	CMP #$03	;screen?
F43B F0 56     	BEQ IOPENRC	;$F493
F43D 90 05     	BCC $+5	;F444

F43F 20 95 F4  	JSR SENDSA	;send secondary
F442 90 4F     	BCC IOPENRC	;$F493 return clear

F444 C9 02     	CMP #$02	;RS232?
F446 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;F44B not RS232
F448 4C C7 F4  	JMP SEROPN

F44B 20 4D F8  	JSR GETBFA	;not screen or RS232
F44E B0 03     	BCS $+3	;F453
F450 4C 96 F7  	JMP IOERMS9	;$F796 OK

F453 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F455 29 0F     	AND #$0F
F457 D0 1F     	BNE IOPEN2	;$F478

F459 20 94 F8  	JSR PLAYMS
F45C B0 36     	BCS IOPENRC+1	;$F494 return CY=1

F45E 20 47 F6  	JSR SRCHMS	;searching
F461 A5 B7     	LDA FNMLEN
F463 F0 0A     	BEQ IOPEN1	;F46F	name found

F465 20 67 F8  	JSR LOCSPH
F468 90 18     	BCC IOPEN3	;$F482
F46A F0 28     	BEQ IOPENRC+1	;$F494 return CY=1

IOPENA
F46C 4C 87 F7  	JMP SETTIME

IOPEN1
F46F 20 AF F7  	JSR LOCTPH
F472 F0 20     	BEQ IOPENRC+1	;$F494
F474 90 0C     	BCC IOPEN3	;$F482
F476 B0 F4     	BCS IOPENA	;$F46C

IOPEN2
F478 20 B7 F8  	JSR RECDMS
F47B B0 17     	BCS IOPENRC+1	;$F494 return CY=1

F47D A9 04     	LDA #$04
F47F 20 E7 F7  	JSR WRTPHD

IOPEN3
F482 A9 BF     	LDA #$BF
F484 A4 B9     	LDY SECADR
F486 C0 60     	CPY #$60
F488 F0 07     	BEQ IOPENRC-2	;$F491

F48A A0 00     	LDY #$00
F48C A9 02     	LDA #$02
F48E 91 B2     	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F490 98        	TYA
F491 65 A6     	STA BUFPNT

IOPENRC
F493 18        	CLC
F494 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; SENDSA - Send secondary address
;
SENDSA
F495 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F497 30 2C     	BMI SNDSARC	;$F4C5

F499 A4 B7     	LDY FNMLEN
F49B F0 28     	BEQ SNDSARC	;$F4C5

F49D A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
F49F 20 17 EE  	JSR LISTEN
F4A2 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F4A4 09 F0     	ORA #%11110000	;$F0
F4A6 20 C0 EE  	JSR ISECND	;$EEC0
F4A9 A5 90     	LDA CSTAT
F4AB 10 05     	BPL SENDSA1	;$F4B2

F4AD 68        	PLA
F4AE 68        	PLA
F4AF 4C 8A F7  	JMP IOERMS1	;$F78A

SENDSA1
F4B2 A5 B7     	LDA FNMLEN
F4B4 F0 0C     	BEQ SNDSARU	;$F4C2

F4B6 A0 00     	LDY #$00

SENDSALP
F4B8 B1 BB     	LDA (FNPTR),Y	;send chrout to filename
F4BA 20 E4 EE  	JSR ICIOUT
F4BD C8        	INY
F4BE C4 B7     	CPY FNMLEN
F4C0 D0 F6     	BNE SEMDSALP	;$F4B8

SNDSARU
F4C2 20 04 EF  	JSR IUNLSN

SNDSARC
F4C5 18        	CLC
F4C6 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; SEROPN - Open RS-232
;
SEROPN
F4C7 A9 06     	LDA #%00000110	;$06
F4C9 8D 12 91  	STA D1DDRA
F4CC 8D 10 91  	STA D1OUTB
F4CF A9 EE     	LDA #%11101110	;$EE
F4D1 8D 1C 91  	STA D1PCR
F4D4 A0 00     	LDY #$00
F4D6 8C 97 02  	STY RSSTAT

SEROPLP
F4D9 C4 B7     	CPY FNMLEN
F4DB F0 0A     	BEQ SEROPN1	;$F4E7

F4DD B1 BB     	LDA (FNPTR),Y
F4DF 99 93 02  	STA M51CTR,Y
F4E2 C8        	INY
F4E3 C0 04     	CPY #$04
F4E5 D0 F2     	BNE SEROPLP	;$F4D9

SEROPN1
F4E7 20 27 F0  	JSR BITCNT
F4EA 8E 98 02  	STX BITNUM
F4ED AD 93 02  	LDA M51CTR
F4F0 29 0F     	AND #%00001111	;$0F
F4F2 D0 00     	BNE $+0	;F4F4

F4F4 0A        	ASL
F4F5 AA        	TAX
F4F6 BD 5A FF  	LDA R232TB-2,X	;$FF5A,X
F4F9 0A        	ASL
F4FA A8        	TAY
F4FB BD 5B FF  	LDA R232TB-1,X	;$FF5B,X
F4FE 2A        	ROL
F4FF 48        	PHA
F500 9B        	TYA
F501 69 C8     	ADC #$C8
F503 8D 99 02  	STA BAUDOF
F506 68        	PLA
F507 69 00     	ADC #$00
F509 8D 9A 02  	STA BAUDOF+1
F50C AD 94 02  	LDA M51CDR
F50F 4A        	LSR
F510 90 09     	BCC SEROPN2	;$F51B

F512 AD 20 91  	LDA D2ORB
F515 0A        	ASL
F516 B0 03     	BCS SEROPN2	;$F51B
F518 4C 16 F0  	JMP DSRERR

SEROPN2
F51B AD 9B 02  	LDA RIDBE
F51E 8D 9C 02  	STA RIDBSR
F521 AD 9E 02  	LDA RODBE
F524 8D 9D 02  	STA RODBS
F527 20 75 FE  	JSR IMEMTP+2	;$FE75

F52A A5 F8     	LDA RIBUF+1
F52C D0 05     	BNE SEROPN3	;$F533

F52E 88        	DEY
F52F 84 F8     	STY RIBUF+1
F531 86 F7     	STX RIBUF

SEROPN3
F533 A5 FA     	LDA ROBUF+1
F535 D0 05     	BNE $F53C
F537 88        	DEY
F538 84 FA     	STY ROBUF+1
F53A 86 F9     	STX ROBUF
F53C 38        	SEC
F53D A9 F0     	LDA #$F0
F53F 4C 7B FE  	JMP STOTOP	;$FE7B


;====================================================================
; ILOAD - Load RAM from device (internal)
;
ILOAD
F542 86 C3     	STX MEMUSS	;save load location
F544 84 C4     	STY MEMUSS+1
F546 6C 30 03  	JMP (CLOADV)


;====================================================================
; LNKLOD - Load RAM (indirect from $0330)
;
LNKLOD
F549 85 93     	STA IOFLG2
F54B A9 00     	LDA #$00
F54D 85 90     	STA CSTAT
F54F A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
F551 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;$F556

LNKLDEX
F553 4C 96 F7  	JMP IOERMS9	;$F796 "OK"

F556 C9 03     	CMP #$03	;screen?
F558 F0 F9     	BEQ LNKLDEX	;$F553
F55A 90 6E     	BCC TAPLOA	;<3, must be tape
;
; SERLOA - Load file from serial bus
;
SERLOA
F55C A4 B7     	LDY FNMLEN
F55E D0 03     	BNE $+3	;F563
F560 4C 93 F7  	JMP IOERMS8	;$F793 found

F563 20 BC E4  	JSR SSADR	;$E4BC
F566 A9 60     	LDA #$60
F568 85 B9     	STA SECADR
F56A 20 95 F4  	JSR SENDSA
F56D A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
F56F 20 14 EE  	JSR TALK
F572 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F574 20 CE EE  	JSR TKSA
F577 20 19 EF  	JSR IACPTR
F57A 85 AE     	STA EAL
F57C A5 90     	LDA CSTAT
F57E 4A        	LSR
F57F 4A        	LSR
F580 B0 45     	BCS SERLDEX	;$F5C7

F582 20 19 EF  	JSR IACPTR
F585 85 AF     	STA EAL+1
F587 20 C1 E4  	JSR SLDPCH	;$E4C1

SERLDLP
F58A A9 FD     	LDA #$FD
F58C 25 90     	AND CSTAT
F58E 85 90     	STA CSTAT
F590 	JSR (STOPVP)	;STOP
F593 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;F598
F595 4C CE F6  	JMP SAVEXIT	;$F6CE

F598 20 19 EF  	JSR IACPTR
F59B AA        	TAX
F59C A5 90     	LDA CSTAT
F59E 4A        	LSR
F59F 4A        	LSR
F5A0 B0 E8     	BCS SERLDLP	;$F58A

F5A2 8A        	TXA
F5A3 A4 93     	LDY IOFLG2
F5A5 F0 0C     	BEQ SERLD1	;$F5B3

F5A7 A0 00     	LDY #$00
F5A9 D1 AE     	CMP (EAL),Y
F5AB F0 08     	BEQ SERLD2	;$F5B5

F5AD A9 10     	LDA #$10
F5AF 20 6A FE  	JSR ISETMS1	;$FE6A
F5B2 2C 	.db $2C	;bit $ae91

SERLD1
F5B3 91 AE  	STA (EAL),Y

SERLD2
F5B5 E6 AE     	INC EAL
F5B7 D0 02     	BNE $+2	;$F5BB

F5B9 E6 AF     	INC EAL+1
F5BB 24 90     	BIT CSTAT
F5BD 50 CB     	BVC SERLDLP	;$F58A

F5BF 20 F6 EE  	JSR IUNTLK
F5C2 20 DA F6  	JSR $F6DA
F5C5 90 7A     	BCC TPLOAEX	;$F641

SERLDEX
F5C7 4C 87 F7  	JMP IOERMS4	;$F787 play & rec



;====================================================================
; TAPLOA - Load file from tape
;
TAPLOA
F5CA C9 02     	CMP #$02
F5CC D0 03     	BNE $+3	;F5D1
F5CE 4C B9 F0  	JMP IOERMS9	;$F0B9

F5D1 20 4D F8  	JSR GETBFA
F5D4 B0 03     	BCS $+3	;F5D9
F5D6 4C 96 F7  	JMP IOERMS9	;$F796

F5D9 20 94 F8  	JSR PLAYMS
F5DC B0 68     	BCS TPLORTS

F5DE 20 47 F6  	JSR SRCHMS

TAPLOALP
F5E1 A5 B7     	LDA FNMLEN
F5E3 F0 09     	BEQ TAPLOA1	;$F5EE

F5E5 20 67 F8  	JSR LOCSPH
F5E8 90 0B     	BCC TAPLOA2	;$F5F5
F5EA F0 5A     	BEQ TPLORTS
F5EC B0 D9     	BCS SERLDEX	;$F5C7

TAPLOA1
F5EE 20 AF F7  	JSR LOCTPH
F5F1 F0 53     	BEQ TPLORTS
F5F3 B0 D2     	BCS SERLDEX	;$F5C7

TAPLOA2
F5F5 A5 90     	LDA CSTAT
F5F7 29 10     	AND #%00010000	;$10
F5F9 38        	SEC
F5FA D0 4A     	BNE TPLORTS

F5FC E0 01     	CPX #$01
F5FE F0 11     	BEQ TAPLOA3	;$F611

F600 E0 03     	CPX #$03

TAPLOA2A
F602 D0 DD     	BNE TAPLOALP	;$F5E1
 
TALPOALP2
F604 A0 01     	LDY #$01
F606 B1 B2     	LDA (CBSTPT),Y
F608 85 C3     	STA MEMUSS
F60A C8        	INY
F60B B1 B2     	LDA (CBSTPT),Y
F60D 85 C4     	STA MEMUSS+1
F60F B0 04     	BCS TAPLOA4	;$F615

TAPLOA3
F611 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F613 D0 EF     	BNE TAPLOALP2	;F604

TAPLOA4
F615 A0 03     	LDY #$03
F617 B1 B2     	LDA (CBSTPT),Y
F619 A0 01     	LDY #$01
F61B F1 B2     	SBC (CBSTPT),Y
F61D AA        	TAX
F61E A0 04     	LDY #$04
F620 B1 B2     	LDA (CBSTPT),Y
F622 A0 02     	LDY #$02
F624 F1 B2     	SBC (CBSTPT),Y
F626 A8        	TAY
F627 18        	CLC
F628 8A        	TXA
F629 65 C3     	ADC MEMUSS
F62B 85 AE     	STA EAL
F62D 98        	TYA
F62E 65 C4     	ADC MEMUSS+1
F630 85 AF     	STA EAL+1
F632 A5 C3     	LDA MEMUSS
F634 85 C1     	STA STAL
F636 A5 C4     	LDA MEMUSS+1
F638 85 C2     	STA STAL+1
F63A 20 6A F6  	JSR LOADMS
F63D 20 C9 F8  	JSR TPREAD1	;$F8C9
F640 24 	.db$24	;BIT LASTPT+1

TPLOAEX
F641 18	CLC
F642 A6 AE     	LDX EAL
F644 A4 AF     	LDY EAL+1

TPLORTS
F646 60        	RTS



;====================================================================
; SRCHMS - Print "Searching"
;
SRCHMS
F647 A5 9D     	LDA CMDMOD
F649 10 1E     	BPL SRCHEX	;$F669


F64B A0 0C     	LDY #$0C	;"Searching for"
F64D 20 E6 F1  	JSR MSG
F650 A5 B7     	LDA FNMLEN
F652 F0 15     	BEQ SRCHEX	;$F669
F654 A0 17     	LDY #$17	;point to "FOR" in "Searching For"
F656 20 E6 F1  	JSR MSG
;
; FLNMMS - Print filename
;
FLNMMS
F659 A4 B7     	LDY FNMLEN
F65B F0 0C     	BEQ SRCHEX	;$F669
F65D A0 00     	LDY #$00

FLNMLP
F65F B1 BB     	LDA (FNPTR),Y
F661 	JSR (CHOTVP)	;CHROUT
F664 C8        	INY
F665 C4 B7     	CPY FNMLEN
F667 D0 F6     	BNE FLNMLP	;$F65F

SRCHEX
F669 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; LOADMS - Print "Loading" or "Verifying"
;
LOADMS
F66A A0 49     	LDY #$49	;"Loading"
F66C A5 93     	LDA IOFLG2
F66E F0 02     	BEQ DOMESG	;$F672

F670 A0 59     	LDY #$59	;"Verifying"

DOMESG
F672 4C E2 F1  	JMP DIRMSG


;====================================================================
; ISAVE - Save RAM to device
;
ISAVE
F675 86 AE     	STX EAL
F677 84 AF     	STY EAL+1
F679 AA        	TAX
F67A B5 00     	LDA USRPOK,X
F67C 85 C1     	STA STAL
F67E B5 01     	LDA USRVEC,X
F680 85 C2     	STA STAL+1
F682 6C 32 03  	JMP (CSAVEV)


;====================================================================
; LNKSAV - Link to SAVE (indirect from $0302)
;
LNKSAV
F685 A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL	;Get current device
F687 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;F68C Not 0, continue
F689 4C 96 F7  	JMP IOERMS9	;$F796 OK 

F68C C9 03     	CMP #$03	;Device 3 (printer 3-5)
F68E F0 F9     	BEQ $-5	;$F689
F690 90 5F     	BCC TAPESV
;
; SERSAV - Save to serial bus
;
SERSAV
F692 A9 61     	LDA #$61
F694 85 B9     	STA SECADR
F696 A4 B7     	LDY FNMLEN
F698 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;$F69D
F69A 4C 93 F7  	JMP IOERMS8	;$F793 found

F69D 20 95 F4  	JSR SENDSA
F6A0 20 28 F7  	JSR SAVEMS
F6A3 A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
F6A5 20 17 EE  	JSR LISTEN
F6A8 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F6AA 20 C0 EE  	JSR ISECND
F6AD A0 00     	LDY #$00
F6AF 20 D2 FB  	JSR RSTTPP
F6B2 A5 AC     	LDA SAL
F6B4 20 E4 EE  	JSR ICIOUT
F6B7 A5 AD     	LDA SAL+1
F6B9 20 E4 EE  	JSR ICIOUT

SERSAVLP
F6BC 20 11 FD  	JSR CKWRPT
F6BF B0 16     	BCS SERSAV1	;$F6D7

F6C1 B1 AC     	LDA (SAL),Y
F6C3 20 E4 EE  	JSR ICIOUT
F6C6 	JSR (STOPVP)	;STOP
F6C9 DE 07     	BNE TAPLOA2A	;$F602

F6CB 20 DA F6  	JSR SERSAV1A	;$F6DA
F6CE A9 00     	LDA #$00
F6D0 38       	SEC
F6D1 60        	RTS

F6D2 20 1B FD  	JSR INCRDP	;$FD1B
F6D5 D0 E5     	BNE SERSAVLP	;$F6BC

SERSAV1
F6D7 20 04 EF  	JSR IUNLSN

SERSAV1A
F6DA 24 B9     	BIT SECADR
F6DC 3E 11     	BMI SERSAVRC	;$F6EF

F6DE A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
F6E0 20 17 EE  	JSR LISTEN
F6E3 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F6E5 29 EF     	AND #%11101111	;$EF
F6E7 09 E0     	ORA #%11100000	;$E0
F6E9 20 C0 EE  	JSR ISECND
F6EC 20 04 EF  	JSR IUNLSN

SERSAVRC
F6EF 18        	CLC
F6F0 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; TAPESV - Save to tape
;
TAPESV
F6F1 C9 02     	CMP #$02
F6F3 D0 03     	BNE $+3	;$F6F8
F6F5 4C 96 F7  	JMP IOERMS9	;was $F0B9 

F6F8 20 4D F8  	JSR GETBFA
F6FB 90 BC     	BCC $-6	;LNKSAV+4 $F689 JMP IOERMS9

F6FD 20 B7 F8  	JSR RECDMS
F700 B0 25     	BCS TPSVRET	;$F727 RTS

F702 20 28 F7  	JSR SAVEMS	;print "saving" message
F705 A2 03     	LDX #$03
F707 A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F709 29 01     	AND #%00000001	;$01
F70B D0 02     	BNE $+2	;$F70F

F70D A2 01     	LDX #$01
F70F 8A        	TXA
F710 20 E7 F7  	JSR WRTPHD
F713 B0 12     	BCS TPSVRET	;$F727

F715 20 E6 F8  	JSR TPWRIT+3	;$F8E6
F718 B0 0D     	BCS TPSVRET	;$F727

F71A A5 B9     	LDA SECADR
F71C 29 02     	AND #%00000010	;$02
F71E F0 06     	BEQ TPSVRET-1	;$F726 exit with CLC

F720 A9 05     	LDA #$05
F722 20 E7 F7  	JSR WRTPHD
F725 24 	.db $24	; BIT $18
F726 18     	CLC	

TPSVRET
F727 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; SAVEMS - Print "Saving"
;
SAVEMS
F728 A5 9D     	LDA CMDMOD
F72A 10 FB     	BPL TPSVRET	;$F727

F72C A0 51     	LDY #$51	'Saving"
F72E 20 E6 F1  	JSR MSG
F731 4C 59 F6  	JMP FLNMMS	;print filename


;====================================================================
; IUDTIM - Update RTC (internal)
;
IUDTIM
F734 A2 00     	LDX #$00
F736 E6 A2     	INC CTIMR+2
F738 D0 06     	BNE UDTIM1	;$F740

F73A E6 A1     	INC CTIMR+1
F73C D0 02     	BNE UDTIM1	;$F740

F73E E6 A0     	INC CTIMR

UDTIM1
F740 38        	SEC
F741 A5 A2     	LDA CTIMR+2
F743 E9 01     	SBC #$01
F745 A5 A1     	LDA CTIMR+1
F747 E9 1A     	SBC #$1A
F749 A5 A0     	LDA CTIMR
F74B E9 4F     	SEC #$4F
F74D 90 06     	BCC UDTIM2	;$F755

F74F 86 A0     	STX CTIMR
F751 86 A1     	STX CTIMR+1
F753 86 A2     	STX CTIMR+2


UDTIM2
F755 AD 2F 91  	LDA D2OUTA
F758 CD 2F 91  	CMP D2OUTA
F75B D0 FB     	BNE UDTIM2	;$F755

F75D 85 91     	STA STKEY
F75F 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; IRDTIM - Read RTC (internal)
;
IRDTIM
F760 78        	SEI
F761 A5 A2     	LDA CTIMR+2
F763 A6 A1     	LDX CTIMR+1
F765 A4 A0     	LDY CTIMR


;====================================================================
; ISETTM - Set RTC (internal)
;
ISETTM
F767 78        	SEI 
F768 85 A2     	STA CTIMR+2
F76A 86 A1     	STX CTIMR+1
F76C 84 A0     	STY CTIMR
F76E 58        	CLI
F76F 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; ISTOP - Check STOP key
;
ISTOP
F770 A5 91     	LDA STKEY
F772 C9 FE     	CMP #%11111110	;$FE
F774 D0 07     	BNE ISTOPEX	;$F77D

F776 08        	PHP
F777 	JSR (CLCHVP)	;CLRCH
F77A 85 C6     	STA KEYCNT
F77C 28        	PLP

ISTOPEX
F77D 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
;IOERMS - I/O Error Message Table register load
;         All use the BIT $xxA9 trick to skip unused entries
;
IOERMS1
F77E A9 01     	LDA #$01	;I/O Error
F780 .db $2C

IOERMS2
F781 A9 02  	LDA #$02	;Searching for
F783 .db $2C 

IOERMS3
F784 A9 03  	LDA #$03	;Press Play on Tape
F786 .db $2C 

IOERMS4
F787 A9 04  	LDA #$04	;Press Record & Play on Tape
F789 .db $2C 

IOERMS5
F78A A9 05  	LDA #$05	;Loading
F78C .db $2C 

IOERMS6
F78D A9 06  	LDA #$06	;Saving
F78F .db $2C 

IOERMS7
F790 A9 07  	LDA #$07	;Verifying
F792 .db $2C 

IOERMS8
F793 A9 08  	LDA #$08	;Found
F795 .db $2C 

IOERMS9
F796 A9 09  	LDA #$09	;OK

F798 48        	PHA
F799 	JSR (CLCHVP)	;CLRCH
F79C A0 00     	LDY #$00
F79E 24 9D     	BIT CMDMOD
F7A0 50 0A     	BVC IOERMSEX	;$F7AC

F7A2 20 E6 F1  	JSR MSG	;Error 0-I/O Error
F7A5 68        	PLA
F7A6 48        	PHA
F7A7 09 30     	ORA #%00110000	;$30
F7A9 	JSR (CHOTVP)	;CHROUT

IOERMSEX
F7AC 68        	PLA
F7AD 38        	SEC
F7AE 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; LOCTPH - Find any tape header
;
LOCTPH
F7AF A5 93     	LDA IOFLG2
F7B1 48        	PHA
F7B2 20 C0 F8  	JSR TPREAD
F7B5 68        	PLA
F7B6 85 93     	STA IOFLG2
F7B8 B0 2C     	BCS $F7E6

F7BA A0 00     	LDY #$00
F7BC B1 B2     	LDA (CBSTPT),Y
F7BE C9 05     	CMP #$05
F7C0 F0 24     	BEQ LOCTPEX	;$F7E6

F7C2 C9 01     	CMP #$01
F7C4 F0 08     	BEQ LOCTP1	;$F7CE

F7C6 C9 03     	CMP #$03
F7C8 F0 04     	BEQ LOCTP1	;$F7CE

F7CA C9 04     	CMP #$04
F7CC D0 E1     	BNE LOCTPH

LOCTP1
F7CE AA        	TAX
F7CF 24 9D     	BIT CMDMOD
F7D1 10 11     	BPL LOCTPEX-2	;$F7E4 return CLC

F7D3 A0 63     	LDY #$63	;"Found"
F7D5 20 E6 F1  	JSR MSG
F7D8 A0 05     	LDY #$05

LOCLOOP
F7DA B1 B2     	LDA (CBSTPT),Y
F7DC 	JSR (CHOTVP)	;CHROUT
F7DF C8        	INY
F7E0 C0 15     	CPY #$15
F7E2 D0 F6     	BNE LOCLOOP	;$F7DA
F7E4 18        	CLC
F7E5 88        	DEY

LOCTPEX
F7E6 60        	RTS



;====================================================================
; WRTPHD - Write tape header
;
WRTPHD
F7E7 85 9E     	STA TPTR1
F7E9 20 4D F8  	JSR GETBFA
F7EC 90 5E     	BCC WRTPEX	;$F84C

F7EE A5 C2     	LDA STAL+1
F7F0 48        	PHA
F7F1 A5 C1     	LDA STAL
F7F3 48        	PHA
F7F4 A5 AF     	LDA EAL+1
F7F6 48        	PHA
F7F7 A5 AE     	LDA EAL
F7F9 48        	PHA
F7FA A0 BF     	LDY #$BF
F7FC A9 20     	LDA #$20

WRTPLP1
F7FE 91 B2     	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F800 88        	DEY
F801 D0 FB     	BNE WRTPLP1	;$F7FE

F803 A5 9E     	LDA TPTR1
F805 91 B2     	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F807 C8        	INY
F808 A5 C1     	LDA STAL
F80A 91 B2     	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F80C C8        	INY
F80D A5 C2     	LDA STAL+1
F80F 91 B2     	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F811 C8        	INY
F812 A5 AE     	LDA EAL
F814 91 B2     	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F816 C8        	INY
F817 A5 AF     	LDA EAL+1
F819 91 B2     	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F81B C8        	INY
F81C 84 9F     	STY TPTR2
F81E A0 00     	LDY #$00
F820 84 9E     	STY TPTR1

WRTPLP2
F822 A4 9E     	LDY TPTR1
F824 C4 B7     	CPY FNMLEN
F826 F0 0C     	BEQ WRTPH1	;$F834

F828 B1 BB     	LDA (FNPTR),Y
F82A A4 9F     	LDY TPTR2
F82C 91 B2     	STA (CBSTPT),Y
F82E E6 9E     	INC TPTR1
F830 E6 9F     	INC TPTR2
F832 D0 EE     	BNE WRTPLP2	;$F822

WRTPH1
F834 20 54 FB  	JSR SETBST
F837 A9 69     	LDA #$69
F839 85 AB     	STA RIPRTY
F83B 20 EA F8  	JSR $F8EA
F63E A8        	TAY
F83F 68        	PLA
F840 85 AE     	STA EAL
F842 68        	PLA
F843 85 AF     	STA EAL+1
F845 68        	PLA
F646 85 C1     	STA STAL
F848 68        	PLA
F849 85 C2     	STA STAL+1
F84B 98        	TYA

WRTPEX
F84C 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; GETBFA - Get buffer address
;
GETBFA
F84D A6 B2     	LDX CBSTPT
F84F A4 B3     	LDY CBSTPT+1
F851 C0 02     	CPY #$02
F853 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; SETBST - Set buffer start/end pointers
;
SETBST
F854 20 4D F8  	JSR GETBFA
F857 8A        	TXA
F858 85 C1     	STA STAL
F85A 18        	CLC
F85B 69 C0     	ADC #$C0
F85D 85 AE     	STA EAL
F85F 98        	TYA
FB60 85 C2     	STA STAL+1
F862 69 00     	ADC #$00
F864 85 AF     	STA EAL+1
F866 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; LOCSPH- Find specific tape header
;
LOCSPH
F867 20 AF F7  	JSR LOCTPH
F86A B0 1D     	BCS LCSPEXC+1	;$F889 return

F86C A0 05     	LDY #$05
F86E 84 9F     	STY TPTR2
F870 A0 00     	LDY #$00
F872 64 9E     	STY TPTR1

LCSPHLP
F874 C4 B7     	CPY FNMLEN
F876 F0 10     	BEQ LCSPEXC	;$F888 return CLC

F878 B1 BB     	LDA (FNPTR),Y
F87A A4 9F     	LDY TPTR2
F87C D1 B2     	CMP (CBSTPT),Y
F87E D0 E7     	BNE LOCSPH

F8B0 E6 9E     	INC TPTR1
F882 E6 9F     	INC TPTR2
F884 A4 9E     	LDY TPTR1
F886 D0 EC     	BNE LCSPHLP	;$F874

LCSPEXC
F888 18        	CLC
F889 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; INCTPT - Bump tape pointer
;
INCTPT
F88A 20 4D F8  	JSR GETBFA
F88D E6 A6     	INC BUFPNT
F88F A4 A6     	LDY BUFPNT
F891 C0 C0     	CPY #$C0
F893 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; PLAYMS - Print "Press Play on Tape"
;
PLAYMS
F894 20 AB F8  	JSR TPSTAT
F897 F0 1C     	BEQ TPSTEX	;$F8B5 exit

F899 A0 1B     	LDY #$1B	;"Press Play..."
F89B 20 E6 F1  	JSR MSG

WTPLAY
F89E 20 4B F9  	JSR TPSTOP
F8A1 20 AB F8  	JSR TPSTAT
F8A4 D0 F8     	BNE WTPLAY	;$F89E wait for PLAY switch

F8A6 A0 6A     	LDY #$6A	;"OK"
F8A8 4C E6 F1  	JMP MSG


;====================================================================
; TPSTAT - Check tape status
;
TPSTAT
F8AB A9 40     	LDA #%01000000	;$40
F8AD 2C 1F 91  	BIT D1ORAH	;switch sense
F8B0 D0 03     	BNE TPSTEX	;$F8B5
F8B2 2C 1F 91  	BIT D1ORAH

TPSTEX
F8B5 18        	CLC
F8B6 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; RECDMS - Print "Press Record on Tape"
;
RECDMS
F8B7 20 AB F8  	JSR TPSTAT
F8BA F0 F9     	BEQ TPSTEX	;$F8B5

F8BC A0 2E     	LDY #$2E	;"Press Play & Record"
F8BE D0 DB     	BNE WTPLAY-3	;$F89B JSR MSG


;====================================================================
; TPREAD - Initiate tape read
;
TPREAD
F8C0 A9 00     	LDA #$00
F8C2 85 90     	STA CSTAT
F8C4 85 93     	STA IOFLG2

TPREAD1
F8C6 20 54 F8  	JSR SETBST
F8C9 20 94 F8  	JSR PLAYMS
F8CC B0 1F     	BCS TPCODE-2	;$F8ED

F8CE 78        	SEI
F8CF A9 00     	LDA #$00
F8D1 85 AA     	STA RIDATA
F8D3 85 B4     	STA BITTS
F8D5 85 B0     	STA TPCON
F8D7 85 9E     	STA TPTR1
F8D9 85 9F     	STA TPTR2
F8DB 85 9C     	STA BYTINF
F8DD A9 82     	LDA #$82
F8DF A2 0E     	LDX #$0E
F8E1 D0 11     	BNE TPCODE1	;$F8F4

;====================================================================
; TPWRIT - Initiate tape write
;
TPWRIT
F8E3 20 54 F8  	JSR SETBST
F8E6 A9 14     	LDA #$14
F8EB 85 AB     	STA RIPRTY
F8EA 20 B7 F8  	JSR RECDMS
F8ED B0 68     	BCS TPSTEX1	;$F957
;
; TPCODE - Common tape code
;
TPCODE
F8EF 78        	SEI
F8F0 A9 A0     	LDA #%10100000	;$A0
F8F2 A2 08     	LDX #%00001000	;$08

TPCODE1
F8F4 A0 7F     	LDY #%01111111	;$7F
F8F6 8C 2E 91  	STY D2IER
F8F9 8D 2E 91  	STA D2IER
F8FC 20 60 F1  	JSR SBIDLE
F8FF AD 14 03  	LDA IRQVP	;save current IRQ Vector
F902 8D 9F 02  	STA TAPIRQ
F905 AD 15 03  	LDA IRQVP+1
F908 8D A0 02  	STA TAPIRQ+1
F90B 20 FB FC  	JSR STOIRQ1	;$FCFB .X=8 set tape IRQ vectors
F90E A9 02     	LDA #$02
F910 85 BE     	STA FSBLK
F912 20 DB FB  	JSR NCHAR
F915 AD 1C 91  	LDA D1PCR
F918 29 FD     	AND #%11111101	;$FD
F91A 09 0C     	ORA #%00001100	;$0C
F91C 8D 1C 91  	STA D1PCR
F91F 85 C0     	STA CAS1
F921 A2 FF     	LDX #$FF	;setup loop
F923 A0 FF     	LDY #$FF

TPCDLP1
F925 88        	DEY
F926 D0 FD     	BNE TPCDLP1	;$F925

F928 CA        	DEX
F929 D0 F8     	BNE TPCDLP1-2	;$F923 outside loop
F92B 8D 29 91  	STA D2TM2H
F92E 58        	CLI

TPCDLP2
F92F AD A0 02  	LDA TAPIRQ+1
F932 CD 15 03  	CMP IRQVP+1
F935 18        	CLC
F936 F0 1F     	BEQ TPSTEX-5	;$F957

F938 20 4B F9  	JSR TPSTOP
F93B AD 2D 91  	LDA D2IFR
F93E 29 40     	AND #%01000000	;$40
F940 F0 ED     	BEQ TPCDLP2	;$F92F

F942 AD 14 91  	LDA D1TM1L
F945 20 34 F7  	JSR IUDTIM
F948 4C 2F F9  	JMP TPCDLP2	;$F92F




;====================================================================
; TPSTOP - Check tape stop
;
TPSTOP
F94B 	JSR (STOPVP)	;STOP
F94E 18        	CLC
F94F D0 0B     	BNE TPSTEX	;$F95C

F951 20 CF FC  	JSR RESIRQ
F954 38        	SEC
F955 68        	PLA
F956 68        	PLA

TPSPEX1
F957 A9 00     	LDA #$00
F959 8D A0 02  	STA TAPIRQ+1

TPSTEX
F95C 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; SETRDT - Set read timing
;
SETRDT
F95D 86 B1     	STX TPCON+1
F95F A5 B0     	LDA TPCON
F961 0A        	ASL
F962 0A        	ASL
F963 18        	CLC
F964 65 B0     	ADC TPCON
F966 18        	CLC
F967 65 B1     	ADC TPCON+1
F969 85 B1     	STA TPCON+1
F96B A9 00     	LDA #$00
F96D 24 B0     	BIT TPCON
F96F 30 01     	BMI RDTSK1	;$F972

F971 2A        	ROL
F972 06 B1     	ASL TPCON+1

RDTSK1
F974 2A        	ROL
F975 06 B1     	ASL TPCON+1
F977 2A        	ROL
F978 AA        	TAX

RDTLP1
F979 AD 28 91  	LDA D2TM2L
F97C C9 15     	CMP #$15
F97E 90 F9     	BCC RDTLP1	;$F979

F980 65 B1     	ADC TPCON+1
F982 8D 24 91  	STA D2TM1L
F985 8A        	TXA
F986 6D 29 91  	ADC D2TM2H
F989 8D 25 91  	STA D2TM1L+1
F98C 58        	CLI
F98D 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; RDTPBT - Read tape bits
;
RDTPBT
F98E AE 29 91  	LDX D2TM2H
F991 A0 FF     	LDY #$FF
F993 98        	TYA
F994 ED 28 91  	SBC D2TM2L
F997 EC 29 91  	CPX D2TM2H
F99A D0 F2     	BNE RDTPBT

F99C 86 B1     	STX TPCON+1
F99E AA        	TAX
F99F 8C 28 91  	STY D2TM2L
F9A2 8C 29 91  	STY D2TM2H
F9A5 98        	TYA
F9A6 E5 B1     	SBC TPCON+1
F9A8 86 B1     	STX TPCON+1
F9AA 4A        	LSR
F9AB 66 B1     	ROR TPCON+1
F9AD 4A        	LSR
F9AE 66 B1     	ROR TPCON+1
F9B0 A5 B0     	LDA TPCON
F9B2 18        	CLC
F9B3 69 3C     	ADC #$3C
F9B5 2C 21 91  	BIT D2ORA
F9B8 C5 B1     	CMP TPCON+1
F9BA B0 4A     	BCS RDTP4	;$FA06

F9BC A6 9C     	LDX BYTINF
F9BE F0 03     	BEQ $+3	;F9C3
F9C0 4C AD FA  	JMP STORTC	;save tape IRQs

F9C3 A6 A3     	LDX SBITCF
F9C5 30 1B     	BMI RDTP1	;$F9E2

F9C7 A2 00     	LDX #$00
F9C9 69 30     	ADC #$30
F9CB 65 B0     	ADC TPCON
F9CD C5 B1     	CMP TPCON+1
F9CF B0 1C     	BCS RDTP2	;$F9ED

F9D1 E8        	INX
F9D2 69 26     	ADC #$26
F9D4 65 B0     	ADC TPCON
F9D6 C5 B1     	CMP TPCON+1
F9D8 B0 17     	BCS RDTP3	;$F9F1

F9DA 69 2C     	ADC #$2C
F9DC 65 B0     	ADC TPCON
F9DE C5 B1     	CMP TPCON+1
F9E0 90 03     	BCC RDTPLP1	;$F9E5

RDTP1
F9E2 4C 60 FA  	JMP RDTP6A	;$FA60

RDTPLP1
F9E5 A5 B4     	LDA BITTS
F9E7 F0 1D     	BEQ RDTP4	;$FA06

F9E9 85 AB     	STA RIPRTY
F9EB D0 19     	BNE RDTP4	;$FA06

RDTP2
F9ED E6 A9     	INC RINONE
F9EF B0 02     	BCS RDTP3A	;$F9F3

RDTP3
F9F1 C6 A9     	DEC RINONE

RDTP3A
F9F3 38        	SEC
F9F4 E9 13     	SBC #$13
F9F6 E5 B1     	SBC TPCON+1
F9FB 65 92     	ADC SVXT
F9FA 85 92     	STA SVXT
F9FC A5 A4     	LDA CYCLE
F9FE 49 01     	EOR #$01
FA00 85 A4     	STA CYCLE
FA02 F0 21     	BEQ RDTP3C	;$FA25

FA04 86 D7     	STX LASTKY
FA06 A5 B4     	LDA BITTS
FA08 F0 18     	BEQ RDTPEX1	;$FA22

FA0A 2C 2D 91  	BIT D2IFR
FA0D 50 13     	BVC RDTPEX1	;$FA22

FA0F A9 00     	LDA #$00
FA11 85 A4     	STA CYCLE
FA13 A5 A3     	LDA SBITCF
FA15 10 30     	BPL RDTP6	;$FA47
FA17 30 C9     	BMI RDTP1	;$F9E2

RDTP3B
FA19 A2 A6     	LDX #$A6
FA1B 20 5D F9  	JSR SETRDT
FA1E A5 9B     	LDA TPRTY
FA20 D0 C3     	BNE RDTPLP1	;$F9E5

RDTPEX1
FA22 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI

RDTP3C
FA25 A5 92     	LDA SVXT
FA27 F0 07     	BEQ RDTP5A	;$FA30
FA29 30 03     	BMI RDTP5	;$FA2E

FA2B C6 B0     	DEC TPCON
FA2D 2C 	.db $2C	;bit $b0e6

RDTP5
FA2E E6 B0  	INC TPCON1

RDTP5A	
FA30 A9 00     	LDA #$00
FA32 85 92     	STA SVXT
FA34 E4 D7     	CPX LASTKY
FA36 D0 0F     	BNE RDTP6	;$FA47

FA38 8A        	TXA
FA39 D0 AA     	BNE RDTPLP1	;$F9E5

FA3B A5 A9     	LDA RINONE
FA3D 30 C7     	BMI RDTP4	;$FA06

FA3F C9 10     	CMP #$10
FA41 90 C3     	BCC RDTP4	;$FA06

FA43 85 96     	STA EOTFLG
FA45 B0 BF     	BCS RDTP4	;$FA06

RDTP6
FA47 8A        	TXA
FA48 45 9B     	EOR TPRTY
FA4A 85 9B     	STA TPRTY
FA4C A5 B4     	LDA BITTS
FA4E F0 D2     	BEQ RDTPEX1	;$FA22

FA50 C6 A3     	DEC SBITCF
FA52 30 C5     	BMI RDTP3B	;$FA19

FA54 46 D7     	LSR LASTKY
FA56 66 BF     	ROR MYCH
FA58 A2 DA     	LDX #$DA
FA5A 20 5D F9  	JSR SETRDT
FA5D 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI

RDTP6A
FA60 A5 96     	LDA EOTFLG
FA62 F0 04     	BEQ RDTP7	;$FA68

FA64 A5 B4     	LDA BITTS
FA66 F0 04     	BEQ RDTP8	;$FA6C

RDTP7
FA68 A5 A3     	LDA SBITCF
FA6A 10 85     	BPL RDTP3	;$F9F1

RDTP8
FA6C 46 B1     	LSR TPCON+1
FA6E A9 93     	LDA #$93
FA70 38        	SEC
FA71 E5 B1     	SBC TPCON+1
FA73 65 B0     	ADC TPCON
FA75 0A        	ASL
FA76 AA        	TAX
FA77 20 5D F9  	JSR SETRDT
FA7A E6 9C     	INC BYTINF
FA7C A5 B4     	LDA BITTS
FA7E D0 11     	BNE RDTP9	;$FA91

FA80 A5 96     	LDA EOTFLG
FA82 F0 26     	BEQ RDTPEX2	;$FAAA

FA84 85 A8     	STA TPRWRE
FA86 A9 00     	LDA #$00
FA88 85 96     	STA EOTFLG
FA8A A9 C0     	LDA #%11000000	;$C0
FA8C 8D 2E 91  	STA D2IER
FA8F 85 B4     	STA BITTS

RDTP9
FA91 A5 96     	LDA EOTFLG
FA93 85 B5     	STA NXTBIT
FA95 F0 09     	BEQ RDTP10	;$FAA0

FA97 A9 00     	LDA #$00
FA99 85 B4     	STA BITTS
FA9B A9 40     	LDA #%01000000	;$40
FA9D 8D 2E 91  	STA D2IER

RDTP10
FAA0 A5 BF     	LDA MYCH
FAA2 85 BD     	STA ROPRTY
FAA4 A5 A8     	LDA TPRWRE
FAA6 05 A9     	ORA RINONE
FAA8 85 B6     	STA RODATA

RDTPEX2
FAAA 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI


;====================================================================
; STORTC - Store tape characters
;
STORTC
FAAD 20 DE FB  	JSR NCHAR
FAB0 85 9C     	STA BYTINF
FAB2 A2 DA     	LDX #$DA
FAB4 20 5D F9  	JSR SETRDT
FAB7 A5 BE     	LDA FSBLK
FAB9 F0 02     	BEQ $+2	;FABD

FABB 85 A7     	STA INBIT
FABD A9 0F     	LDA #$0F
FABF 24 AA     	BIT RIDATA
FAC1 10 17     	BPL $FADA

FAC3 A5 B5     	LDA NXTBIT
FAC5 D0 0C     	BNE $FAD3

FAC7 A6 BE     	LDX FSBLK
FAC9 CA        	DEX
FACA D0 0B     	BNE STOCHEX1	;$FAD7

FACC A9 08     	LDA #$08
FACE 20 6A FE  	JSR $FE6A
FAD1 D0 04     	BNE STOCHEX1

FAD3 A9 00     	LDA #$00
FAD5 85 AA     	STA RIDATA

STOCHEX1
FAD7 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI

FADA 70 31     	BVS $FB0D
FADC D0 18     	BNE $FAF6

FADE A5 B5     	LDA NXTBIT
FAE0 D0 F5     	BNE STOCHEX1

FAE2 A5 B6     	LDA RODATA
FAE4 D0 F1     	BNE STOCHEX1

FAE6 A5 A7     	LDA INBIT
FAE8 4A        	LSR
FAE9 A5 BD     	LDA ROPRTY
FAEB 30 03     	BMI $FAF0
FAED 93 18     	BCC $FB07

FAEF 18        	CLC
FAF0 B0 15     	BCS $FB07
FAF2 29 0F     	AND #%00001111	;$0F
FAF4 85 AA     	STA RIDATA
FAF6 C6 AA     	DEC RIDATA
FAF8 D0 DD     	BNE STOCHEX1

FAFA A9 40     	LDA #$40
FAFC 85 AA     	STA RIDATA
FAFE 20 D2 FB  	JSR RSTTPP
FB01 A9 00     	LDA #$00
FB03 65 AB     	STA RIPRTY
FB05 F0 D0     	BEQ STOCHEX1

FB07 A9 80     	LDA #$80
FB09 85 AA     	STA RIDATA
FB0B D0 CA     	BNE STOCHEX1

FB0D A5 B5     	LDA NXTBIT
FB0F F0 0A     	BEQ $FB1B

FB11 A9 04     	LDA #$04
FB13 20 6A FE  	JSR $FE6A
FB16 A9 00     	LDA #$00
FB18 4C 97 FB  	JMP $FB97

FB1B 20 11 FD  	JSR CKWRPT
FB1E 90 03     	BCC $FB23
FB20 4C 95 FB  	JMP $FB95

FB23 A6 A7     	LDX INBIT
FB25 CA        	DEX
FB26 F0 2D     	BEQ $FB55

FB28 A5 93     	LDA IOFLG2
FB2A F0 0C     	BEQ $FB38

FB2C A0 00     	LDY #$00
FB2E A5 BD     	LDA ROPRTY
FB30 D1 AC     	CMP (SAL),Y
FB32 F0 04     	BEQ $FB38

FB34 A9 01     	LDA #$01
FB36 85 B6     	STA RODATA
FB38 A5 B6     	LDA RODATA
FB3A F0 4B     	BEQ $FB87

FB3C A2 3D     	LDX #$3D
FB3E E4 9E     	CPX TPTR1
FB40 90 3E     	BCC $FB80

FB42 A6 9E     	LDX TPTR1
FB44 A5 AD     	LDA SAL+1
FB46 9D 01 01  	STA FBUFFR+1,X
FB49 A5 AC     	LDA SAL
FB4B 9D 00 01  	STA FBUFFR,X
FB4E E8        	INX
FB4F E8        	INX
FB50 86 9E     	STX TPTR1
FB52 4C 87 FB  	JMP $FB87

FB55 A6 9F     	LDX TPTR2
FB57 E4 9E     	CPX TPTR1
FB59 F0 35     	BEQ $FB90

FB5B A5 AC     	LDA SAL
FB5D DD 00 01  	CMP FBUFFR,X
FB60 D0 2E     	BNE $FB90

FB62 A5 AD     	LDA SAL+1
FB64 DD 01 01  	CMP FBUFFR+1,X
FE67 D0 27     	BNE $FB90

FB69 E6 9F     	INC TPTR2
FB6B E6 9F     	INC TPTR2
FB6D A5 93     	LDA IOFLG2
FB6F F0 0B     	BEQ $FB7C

FB71 A5 BD     	LDA ROPRTY
FB73 A0 00     	LDY #$00
FB75 D1 AC     	CMP (SAL),Y
FB77 F0 17     	BEQ $FB90

FB79 C8        	INY
FB7A 84 B6     	STY RODATA
FB7C A5 B6     	LDA RODATA
FB7E F0 07     	BEQ $FB87

FB80 A9 10     	LDA #$10
FB82 20 6A FE  	JSR $FE6A
FB85 D0 09     	BNE $FB90

FB87 A5 93     	LDA IOFLG2
FB89 D0 05     	BNE $FB90

FB8B A8        	TAY
FB8C A5 BD     	LDA ROPRTY
FB8E 91 AC     	STA (SAL),Y
FB90 20 1B FD  	JSR INCRDP
FB93 D0 3A     	BNE $FBCF

FB95 A9 80     	LDA #$80


FB97 65 AA     	STA RIDATA
FB99 A6 BE     	LDX FSBLK
FB9B CA        	DEX
FB9C 30 02     	BMI $FBA0

FB9E 86 BE     	STX FSBLK
FBA0 C6 A7     	DEC INBIT
FBA2 F0 08     	BEQ $FBAC

FBA4 A5 9E     	LDA TPTR1
FBA6 D0 27     	BNE $FBCF

FBA8 85 BE     	STA FSBLK
FBAA F0 23     	BEQ $FBCF

FEAC 20 CF FC  	JSR RESIRQ
FBAF 20 D2 FB  	JSR RSTTPP
FBB2 A0 00     	LDY #$00
FBB4 84 AB     	STY RIPRTY
FBB6 E1 AC     	LDA (SAL),Y
FBB8 45 AB    	EOR RIPRTY
FBBA 85 AB     	STA RIPRTY
FBBC 20 1B FD  	JSR INCRDP
FBBF 20 11 FD  	JSR CKWRPT
FBC2 90 F2     	BCC $FBB6

FBC4 A5 AB     	LDA RIPRTY
FBC6 45 BD     	EOR ROPRTY
FBC8 F0 05     	BEQ $FBCF

FBCA A9 20     	LDA #$20
FBCC 20 6A FE  	JSR ISETMS1	;$FE6A
FBCF 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI


;====================================================================
; RSTTPP - Reset tape pointer
;
RSTTPP
FBD2 A5 C2     	LDA STAL+1
FBD4 85 AD     	STA SAL+1
FBD6 A5 C1     	LDA STAL
FBD8 85 AC     	STA SAL
FBDA 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; NCHAR - New character setup
;
NCHAR
FBDB A9 08     	LDA #$08
FBDD 85 A3     	STA SBITCF
FBDF A9 00     	LDA #$00
FBE1 85 A4     	STA  CYCLE
FBE3 85 AB     	STA RIPRTY
FBE5 85 9B     	STA TPRTY
FBE7 65 A9     	STA RINONE
FBE9 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; TONE - Send tone to tape
;
TONE
FBEA A5 BD     	LDA ROPRTY
FBEC 4A        	LSR	;determine tone length
FBED A9 60     	LDA #$60	;set short tone timing
FBEF 90 02     	BCC TONE1	;$FBF3 C=clear, 0

TONEA
FBF1 A9 B0     	LDA #$B0	;set long tone timine

TONE1
FBF3 A2 00     	LDX #$00
FBF5 8D 28 91  	STA D2TM2L
FBF8 8E 29 91  	STX D2TM2H
FBFB AD 20 91  	LDA D2ORB
FBFE 49 0B     	EOR #%00001000	;$08
FC00 8D 20 91  	STA D2ORB
FC03 29 08     	AND #%00001011	;$0B
FC05 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; TWRDTA - Write data to tape
;
TWRDTA
FC06 38        	SEC
FC07 66 AD     	ROR SAL+1
FC09 30 3C     	BMI TWRDEX1

FC0B A5 A8     	LDA TPRWRE
FC0D D0 12     	BNE TWRD1	;$FC21

FC0F A9 10     	LDA #$10
FC11 A2 01     	LDX #$01
FC13 20 F5 FB  	JSR TONE1+2	;$FBF5
FC16 D0 2F     	BNE TWRDEX1

FC18 E6 A8     	INC TPRWRE
FC1A A5 AD     	LDA SAL+1
FC1C 10 29     	BPL TWRDEX1
FC1E 4C 95 FC  	JMP WRLEDR

TWRD1
FC21 A5 A9     	LDA RINONE
FC23 D0 09     	BNE TWRD2+1	;$FC2B

FC25 20 F1 FB  	JSR TONEA	;$FBF1
FC28 D0 1D     	BNE TWRDEX1

TWRD2
FC2A E6 A9     	INC RINONE	;LDA #$D0
FC2C D0 19     	BNE TWRDEX1	;ORA Y

FC2E 20 EA FB  	JSR TONE
FC31 D0 14     	BNE TWRDEX1

FC33 A5 A4     	LDA CYCLE
FC35 49 01     	EOR #$01
FC37 85 A4     	STA CYCLE
FC39 F0 0F     	BEQ TWRD3	;$FC4A

FC3B A5 BD     	LDA ROPRTY
FC3D 49 09     	EOR #$01
FC3F 85 BD     	STA ROPRTY
FC41 29 01     	AND #$01
FC43 45 9B     	EOR TPRTY
FC45 85 9B     	STA TPRTY

TWRDEX1
FC47 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI

TWRD3
FC4A 46 BD     	LSR ROPRTY
FC4C C6 A3     	DEC SBITCF
FC4E A5 A3     	LDA SBITCF
FC50 F0 3A     	BEQ TWRD6	;$FC8C
FC52 10 F3     	BPL TWRDEX1

FC54 20 DB FB  	JSR NCHAR
FC57 58        	CLI
FC58 A5 A5     	LDA CNTDN
FC5A F0 12     	BEQ TWRD4	;$FC6E

FC5C A2 00     	LDX #$00
FC5E 86 D7     	STX LASTKY
FC60 C6 A5     	DEC CNTDN
FC62 A6 BE     	LDX FSBLK
FC64 E0 02     	CPX #$02
FC66 D0 02     	BNE $+2	;FC6A

FC68 09 80     	ORA #%10000000	;$80
FC6A 85 BD     	STA ROPRTY	;$BD
FC6C D0 D9     	BNE TWRDEX1

TWRD4
FC6E 20 11 FD  	JSR CKWRPT
FC71 90 0A     	BCC TWRD5	;$FC7D
FC73 D0 91     	BNE TWRDTA

FC75 E6 AD     	INC SAL+1
FC77 A5 D7     	LDA LASTKY
FC79 85 BD     	STA ROPRTY
FC7B B0 CA     	BCS TWRDEX1

TWRD5
FC7D A0 00     	LDY #$00
FC7F B1 AC     	LDA (SAL),Y
FC81 85 BD     	STA ROPRTY
FC83 45 D7     	EOR LASTKY
FC85 85 D7     	STA LASTKY
FC87 20 1B FD  	JSR INCRDP
FCBA D0 BB     	BNE TWRDEX1

TWRD6
FC8C A5 9B     	LDA TPRTY
FCBE 49 01     	EOR #$01
FC90 85 BD     	STA ROPRTY

TPEOI
FC92 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI


;====================================================================
; WRLEDR - Write tape leader
;
WRLEDR
FC95 C6 BE     	DEC FSBLK
FC97 D0 03     	BNE WRLDR1	;$FC9C

FC99 20 08 FD  	JSR NOMOTR

WRLDR1
FC9C A9 50     	LDA #$50
FC9E 85 A7     	STA INBIT
FCA0 A2 08     	LDX #$08
FCA2 78        	SEI
FCA3 20 FB FC  	JSR STOIRQ1	;$FCFB tape IRQs
FCA6 D0 EA     	BNE TPEOI	;$FC92

FCA8 A9 78     	LDA #$78
FCAA 20 F3 FB  	JSR TONE1	;$FBF3
FCAD D0 E3     	BNE TPEOI	;$FC92

FCAF C6 A7     	DEC INBIT
FCB1 D0 DF     	BNE TPEOI	;$FC92

FCB3 20 DB FB  	JSR NCHAR
FCB6 C6 AB     	DEC RIPRTY
FCB8 10 D8     	BPL TPEOI	;$FC92

FCBA A2 0A     	LDX #$0A
FCBC 20 FB FC  	JSR STOIRQ1	;$FCFB
FCBF 58        	CLI
FCC0 E6 AB     	INC RIPRTY
FCC2 A5 BE     	LDA FSBLK
FCC4 F0 30     	BEQ STOIRQ	;$FCF6

FCC6 20 D2 FB  	JSR RSTTPP
FCC9 A2 09     	LDX #$09
FCCB 86 A5     	STX CNTDN
FCCD D0 85     	BNE $FC54
;
; RESIRQ - Restore normal IRQ
;
RESIRQ
FCCF 08        	PHP
FCD0 78        	SEI
FCD1 20 08 FD  	JSR NOMOTR
FCD4 A9 7F     	LDA #%01111111	;$7F
FCD6 8D 2E 91  	STA D2IER
FCD9 A9 F7     	LDA #%01111111	;$F7
FCDB 8D 20 91  	STA D2ORB
FCDE A9 40     	LDA #%01000000	;$40
FCE0 8D 2B 91  	STA D2ACR
FCE3 20 39 FE  	JSR ENABTM
FCE6 AD A0 02  	LDA TAPIRQ+1
FCE9 F0 09     	BEQ RSIRQEX	;$FCF4

FCEB 8D 15 03  	STA IRQVP+1
FCEE AD 9F 02  	LDA TAPIRQ
FCF1 8D 14 03  	STA IRQVP

RSIRQEX
FCF4 28        	PLP
FCF5 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; STOIRQ - Set IRQ vector
;
STOIRQ
FCF6 20 CF FC  	JSR RESIRQ
FCF9 F0 97     	BEQ TPEOI	;$FC92
STOIRQ1
FCFB BD E9 FD  	LDA RATS3,X	;$FDE9,X	;TPVECS
FCFE 8D 14 03  	STA IRQVP
FD01 BD EA FD  	LDA RATS3+1,X	;$FDEA,X
FD04 8D 15 03  	STA IRQVP+1
FD07 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; NOMOTR - Kill tape motor
;
NOMOTR
FD08 AD 1C 91  	LDA D1PCR
FD0B 09 0E     	ORA #%00001110	;$0E
FD0D 8D 1C 91  	STA D1PCR
FD10 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; CKWRPT - Check read/write pointer
;
CKWRPT
FD11 38        	SEC
FD12 A5  AC    	LDA SAL
FD14 E5  AE    	SBC EAL
FD16 A5  AD    	LDA SAL+1
FD18 E5  AF    	SBC EAL+1
FD1A 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; INCRDP - Bump read/write pointer
;
INCRDP
FD1B E6  AC    	INC SAL
FD1D D0  02    	BNE INCRSK	;$FD21

FD1F E6  AD    	INC SAL+1

INCRSK
FD21 60        	RTS


;####################################################################
; Power-on RESET entry
;####################################################################
RESET
FD22 A2 FF     	LDX #$FF
FD24 78        	SEI
FD25 9A        	TXS
FD26 D8        	CLD
FD27 20 3F FD  	JSR SCNROM
FD2A D0 03     	BNE SKIPA0	;$FD2F

FD2C 6C 00 A0  	JMP (A0BASE)

SKIPA0
FD2F 20 8D FD  	JSR RAMTAS
FD32 20 52 FD  	JSR RESTOR
FD35 20 F9 FD  	JSR IOINIT
FD38 20 18 E5  	JSR CINT1
FD3B 58        	CLI
FD3C 6C 00 C0  	JMP (BASICRB)


;====================================================================
; SCNROM - Scan ROM areas for Autostart ROM signature
;
SCNROM
FD3F A2 05     	LDX #$05

SCNLOOP
FD41 BD 4C FD  	LDA SCANEX,X	;$FD4C,X
FD44 DD 03 A0  	CMP $A003,X
FD47 D0 03     	BNE SCANEX	;$FD4C

FD49 CA        	DEX
FD4A D0 F5     	BNE SCNLOOP	;$FD41

SCANEX
FD4C 60        	RTS
;
; ROMSIG - Autostart ROM signature
;
ROMSIG
FD4D .db 'A0', $C3, $C2, $CD		;"A0CBM"


;====================================================================
; IRESTR - Restore KERNEL vectors (internal)
;
IRESTR
FD52 A2  6D    	LDX FIXUP2	;#$6D
FD54 A0  FD    	LDY FIXUP2+1	;#$FD $FD6D KERNEL vecs
FD56 18        	CLC
;
; IVECTR - Change vectors for user
;
IVECTR
FD57 86 C3     	STX MEMUSS
FD59 84 C4    	STY MEMUSS+1
FD5B A0 1F     	LDY #$1F

VECLOOP
FD5D B9 14 03  	LDA IRQVP,Y
FD60 B0 02     	BCS VECSK	;$FD64

FD62 B1 C3     	LDA (MEMUSS),Y

VECSK
FD64 91 C3     	STA (MEMUSS),Y
FD66 99 14 03  	STA IRQVP,Y
FD69 88        	DEY
FD6A 10 F1     	BPL VECLOOP	;$FD5D
FD6C 60        	RTS

;
;KERNEL Vectors
;
KNRLSV
FD6D .dw $EABF, $FED2, $FEAD, $F40A
FD75 .dw $F34A, $F2C7, $F309, $F3F3
FD7D .dw $F20E, $F27A, $F770, $F1F5 
FD85 .dw $F3EF, $FED2, $F549, $F685


;====================================================================
; RAMTAS - Initialize system contents
;
RAMTAS
FD8D A9 00     	LDA #$00
FD8F AA        	TAX
FD90 95 00     	STA USRPOK,X
FD92 9D 00 02  	STA BUF,X
FD95 9D 00 03  	STA ERRVPT,X
FD98 E8        	INX
FD99 D0 F5     	BNE $FD90

FD9B A2 3C     	LDX #$3C
FD9D A0 03     	LDY #$03
FD9F 86 B2     	STX CBSTPT
FDA1 64 B3     	STY CBSTPT+1
FDA3 85 C1     	STA STAL
FDA5 85 97     	STA REGSAV
FDA7 8D 81 02  	STA OSSTAR
FDAA A8        	TAY
FDAB A9 04     	LDA #$04
FDAD 85 C2     	STA STAL+1

RAMTASLP1
FDAF E6 C1     	INC STAL
FDB1 D0 02     	BNE RAMTAS1	;$FDB5

FDB3 E6 C2     	INC STAL+1

RAMTAS1
FDB5 20 91 FE  	JSR MEMTST
FDB8 A5 97     	LDA REGSAV
FDBA F0 22     	BEQ RAMTAS3	;$FDDE
FDBC B0 F1     	BCS RAMTASLP1	;$FDAF

FDBE A4 C2     	LDY STAL+1
FDC0 A6 C1     	LDX STAL
FDC2 C0 20     	CPY #$20
FDC4 90 25     	BCC RATS3+2	;$FDEB

FDC6 C0 21     	CPY #$21
FDC8 B0 08     	BCS RAMTAS2	;$FDD2

FDCA A0 1E     	LDY #$1E
FDCC 8C 88 02  	STY HIPAGE

RAMTAS1A
FDCF 4C 7B FE  	JMP STOTOP	;$FE7B

RAMTAS2
FDD2 A9 12     	LDA #$12
FDD4 8D 82 02  	STA OSSTAR+1
FDD7 A9 10     	LDA #$10
FDD9 8D 88 02  	STA HIPAGE
FDDC D0 F1     	BNE RAMTAS1A	;$FDCF

RAMTAS3
FDDE 90 CF     	BCC RAMTASLP1	;$FDAF

FDE0 A5 C2     	LDA STAL+1
FDE2 8D 82 02  	STA OSSTAR+1
FDE5 85 97     	STA REGSAV
FDE7 C9 11     	CMP #$11

RATS3
FDE9 90 C4     	BCC RAMTASLP1	;$FDAF

I6561LP
FDEB 20 C3 E5  	JSR V6561I-2	;$E5C3
FDEE 4C EB FD  	JMP I6561LP	;$FDEB


;====================================================================
; TAPEVC - Tape IRQ vectors
;
TAPEVC
FDF1 .dw $FCA8, $FC0B, $EABF, $F98E


;====================================================================
; IOINIT - Initialize I/O
;
IOINIT
FDF9 A9 7F     	LDA #$7F
FDFB 8D 1E 91  	STA D1IER
FDFE 8D 2E 91  	STA D2IER
FE01 A9 40     	LDA #$40
FE03 8D 2B 91  	STA D2ACR
FE06 A9 40     	LDA #$40
FE08 8D 1B 91  	STA D1ACR
FE0B A9 FE     	LDA #$FE
FE0D 8D 1C 91  	STA D1PCR
FE10 A9 DE     	LDA #$DE
FE12 8D 2C 91  	STA D2PCR
FE15 A2 00     	LDX #$00
FE17 8E 12 91  	STX $911
FE1A A2 FF     	LDX #$FF
FE1C 8E 22 91  	STX D2DDRB
FE1F A2 00     	LDX #$00
FE21 8E 23 91  	STX D2DDRA
FE24 A2 80     	LDX #$80
FE26 8E 13 91  	STX D1DDRB
FE29 A2 00     	LDX #$00
FE2B 8E 1F 91  	STX D1ORAH
FE2E 20 84 EF  	JSR SCLK1
FE31 A9 82     	LDA #$82
FE33 8D 1E 91  	STA D1IER
FE36 20 8D EF  	JSR SCLK0
;
; ENABTM - Enable timer
;
ENABTM
FE39 A9 C0     	LDA #$C0
FE3B 8D 2E 91  	STA D2IER
FE3E A9 89     	LDA #$89
FE40 8D 24 91  	STA D2TM1L
FE43 A9 42     	LDA #$42
FE45 8D 25 91  	STA D2TM1L+1
FE48 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; ISETNM - Set filename (internal)
;
ISETNM
FE49 85 B7     	STA FNMLEN
FE4B 86 BB     	STX FNPTR
FE4D 84 BC     	STY FNPTR+1
FE4F 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; ISETLF - Set logical file parameters (internal)
;
ISETLF
FE50 85 88     	STA $88
FE52 86 BA     	STX CHANNL
FE54 84 B9     	STY SECADR
FE56 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; IRDST - Get I/O status word (internal)
;
IRDST
FE57 A5 BA     	LDA CHANNL
FE59 C9 02     	CMP #$02
FE5B D0 0B     	BNE ISETMS+2	;$FE68

FE5D AD 97 02  	LDA RSSTAT
FE60 A9 00     	LDA #$00
FE62 8D 97 02  	STA RSSTAT
FE65 60        	RTS
	

;====================================================================
; ISETMS - Control OS messages (internal)
;
ISETMS
FE66 85 9D     	STA CMDMOD
FE68 A5 90     	LDA CSTAT

ISETMS1
FE6A 05 90     	ORA CSTAT
FE6C 85 90     	STA CSTAT
FE6E 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; ISETTO - Set IEEE timeout (internal)
;
ISETTO
FE6F 8D 85 02  	STA STIMOT
FE72 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; IMEMTP - Set/read top of memory (internal)
;
IMEMTP
FE73 90 06     	BCC STOTOP	;$FE7B
FE75 AE 83 02  	LDX OSTOP
FE78 AC 84 02  	LDY OSTOP+1

STOTOP
FE7B 8E 83 02  	STX OSTOP
FE7E 8C 84 02  	STY OSTOP+1
FE81 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; IMEMBT - Set/read bottom of memory  (internal)
;
IMEMBT
FE82 90 06     	BCC STOBOT	;$FE8A
FE84 AE 81 02  	LDX OSSTAR
FE87 AC 82 02  	LDY OSSTAR+1

STOBOT
FE8A 8E 81 02  	STX OSSTAR
FE8D 8C 82 02  	STY OSSTAR+1
FE90 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; MEMTST - Test memory
;
MEMTST
FE91 B1 C1     	LDA (STAL),Y
FE93 AA        	TAX
FE94 A9 55     	LDA #%01010101	;$55
FE96 91 C1     	STA (STAL),Y
FE98 D1 C1     	CMP (STAL),Y
FE9A D0 08     	BNE MEMTS1	;$FEA4

FE9C 6A        	ROR
FE9D 91 C1     	STA (STAL),Y
FE9F D1 C1     	CMP (STAL),Y
FEA1 D0 01     	BNE MEMTS1	;$FEA4
FEA3 A9 	.db $A9	;LDA #$18

MEMTS1
FEA4 18     	CLC	 
FEA5 8A        	TXA
FEA6 91 C1     	STA (STAL)
FEA8 60        	RTS


;====================================================================
; NMI - NMI transfer entry
;====================================================================
NMI
FEA9 78        	SEI
FEAA 6C 18 03  	JMP (NMIVP)	;$FEAD


;====================================================================
; LNKNMI - Link to NMI code
;
LNKNMI
FEAD 48        	PHA
FEAE 8A        	TXA
FEAF 48        	PHA
FEB0 98        	TYA
FEB1 48        	PHA
FEB2 AD 1D 91  	LDA D1IFR
FEB5 10 48     	BPL WARM2-3	;$FEFF EOI

FEB7 2D 1E 91  	AND D1IER
FEBA AA        	TAX
FEBB 29 02     	AND #%00000010	;$02
FEBD F0 1F     	BEQ WARM1	;$FEDE

FEBF 20 3F FD  	JSR SCNROM
FEC2 D0 03     	BNE LNKNMI1	;$FEC7 skip A0 init

FEC4 6C 02 A0  	JMP (A0BASE+2)

LNKNMI1
FEC7 2C 11 91  	BIT D1OUTA
FECA 20 34 F7  	JSR IUDTIM
FECD 	JSR (STOPVP)	;STOP
FED0 D0 2B     	BNE WARM2-3	;$FEFF EOI

;====================================================================
; WARMST - Default USER vector
;
WARMST
FED2 20 52 FD  	JSR RESTOR
FED5 20 F9 FD  	JSR IOINIT
FED8 20 18 E5  	JSR CINT1
FEDB 6C 02 C0  	JMP (BASICRB+2)

WARM1
FEDE AD 1E 91  	LDA D1IER
FEE1 09 80     	ORA #%10000000	;$80
FEE3 48        	PHA
FEE4 A9 7F     	LDA #%01111111	;$7F
FEE6 8D 1E 91  	STA D1IER
FEE9 8A        	TXA
FEEA 29 40     	AND #$40
FEEC F0 14     	BEQ WARM2	;$FF02

FEEE A9 CE     	LDA #%11001110	;$CE
FEF0 05 B5     	ORA NXTBIT
FEF2 8D 1C 91  	STA D1PCR
FEF5 AD 14 91  	LDA D1TM1L
FEF8 68        	PLA
FEF9 8D 1E 91  	STA D1IER
FEFC 20 A3 EF  	JSR SSEND
FEFF 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI

WARM2
FF02 8A        	TXA	;serial NMI
FF03 29 20     	AND #%00100000	;$20
FF05 F0 25     	BEQ WARM3	;$FF2C

FF07 AD 10 91  	LDA D1OUTB
FF0A 29 01     	AND #%00000001	;$01
FF0C 85 A7     	STA INBIT
FF0E AD 18 91  	LDA D1TM2L
FF11 E9 16     	SBC #$16
FF13 6D 99 02  	ADC BAUDOF
FF16 8D 18 91  	STA D1TM2L
FF19 AD 19 91  	LDA D1TM2L+1
FF1C 6D 9A 02  	ADC BAUDOF+1
FF1F 8D 19 91  	STA D1TM2L+1
FF22 68        	PLA
FF23 8D 1E 91  	STA D1IER
FF26 20 36 F0  	JSR SERRX
FF29 4C 56 FF  	JMP EOI

WARM3
FF2C 8A        	TXA
FF2D 29 10     	AND #%00010000	;$10
FF2F F0 25     	BEQ EOI

FF31 AD 93 02  	LDA M51CTR
FF34 29 0F     	AND #%00001111	;$0F
FF36 D0 00     	BNE $+1	;$FF38
FF38 0A        	ASL
FF39 AA        	TAX
FF3A BD 5A FF  	LDA R232TB-2,X	;$FF5A,X
FF3D 8D 18 91  	STA D1TM2L
FF40 BD 5B FF  	LDA R232TB-1,X	;$FF5B,X
FF43 8D 19 91  	STA D1TM2L+1
FF46 AD 10 91  	LDA D1OUTB
FF49 68        	PLA
FF4A 09 20     	ORA #$20
FF4C 29 EF     	AND #$EF
FF4E 8D 1E 91  	STA D1IER
FF51 AE 98 02  	LDX BITNUM
FF54 86 A8     	STX TPRWRE
;
; EOI - End of Interrupt external entry point
;
EOI
FF56 68        	PLA
FF57 A8        	TAY
FF58 68        	PLA
FF59 AA        	TAX
FF5A 68        	PLA
FF5B 40        	RTI


;====================================================================
; 232TBL - Baud rate tables
;
R232TB
FF5C .db $92, $27, $40, $1A, $C6, $11, $74, $0E
FF64 .db $EE, $0C, $45, $06, $F1, $02, $46, $01
FF6C .db $B8, $00, $71, $00, $2A, $00

;====================================================================
; IRQ - IRQ transfer point
;====================================================================
IRQ
FF72 46        	PHA
FF73 8A        	TXA
FF74 48        	PHA
FF75 98        	TYA
FF76 48        	PHA
FF77 BA        	TSX
FF78 BD 04 01  	LDA FBUFFR+4,X	;$0104,X
FF7B 29 10     	AND #%00010000	;$10	breakpoint or IRQ
FF7D F0 03     	BEQ BRKSKIP	;$FF82

FF7F 6C 16 03  	JMP (BRKVP)

BRKSKIP
FF82 6C 14 03  	JMP (IRQVP)
 
FF85 .dw $FFFF
FF87 .dw $FFFF		; padding


;====================================================================
; - Vector table
;
FF8A 4C 52 FD  JMP IRESTR		;$FD52 RESTOR
FF8D 4C 57 FD  JMP IVECTR		;$FD57 VECTOR
FF90 4C 66 FE  JMP ISETMS		;$FE66 SETMSG
FF93 4C C0 EE  JMP ISECND		;$EEC0 SECND
FF96 4C CE EE  JMP ITKSA		;$EECE
FF99 4C 73 FE  JMP IMEMTP		;$FE73
FF9C 4C 82 FE  JMP IMEMBT		;$FE82
FF9F 4C 1E EB  JMP ISCNKY		;$EB1E
FFA2 4C 6F FE  JMP ISETTO		;$FE6F SETTMO
FFA5 4C 19 EF  JMP IACPTR		;$EF19 ACPTR
FFA8 4C E4 EE  JMP ICIOUT		;$EEE4
FFAB 4C F6 EE  JMP IUNTLK		;$EEF6
FFAE 4C 04 EF  JMP IUNLSN		;$EF04
FFB1 4C 16 EE  JMP ILISTN		;$EE16 
FFB4 4C 14 EE  JMP ITALK		;$EE14
FFB7 4C 57 FE  JMP IRDST		;$FE57 READST
FFBA 4C 50 FE  JMP ISETLF		;$FE50 SETLFS
FFBD 4C 49 FE  JMP ISETNM		;$FE49
FFC0 6C 1A 03  JMP (OPENVP)		;$F40A OPEN
FFC3 6C 1C 03  JMP (CLOSVP)		;$F34A CLOSE
FFC6 6C 1E 03  JMP (CKINVP)		;$F2C7 CHKIN
FFC9 6C 20 03  JMP (CKOTVP)		;$F309 CHKOUT
FFCC 6C 22 03  JMP (CLCHVP)		;$F3F3 CLRCH
FFCF 6C 24 03  JMP (CHINVP)		;$F20E CHRIN
FFD2 6C 26 03  JMP (CHOTVP)		;$F27A CHROUT
FFD5 4C 42 F5  JMP ILOAD		;$F542
FFD8 4C 75 F6  JMP ISAVE		;$F675
FFDB 4C 67 F7  JMP ISETTM		;$F767 SETTIM
FFDE 4C 60 F7  JMP IRDTIM		;$F760
FFE1 6C 28 03  JMP (STOPVP)		;$F770 STOP
FFE4 6C 2A 03  JMP (GTINVP)		;$F1F5 GETIN
FFE7 6C 2C 03  JMP (CLALVP)		;$F3EF CLALL
FFEA 4C 34 F7  JMP IUDTIM		;$F734
FFED 4C 05 E5  JMP ISCREN		;$E505
FFF0 4C 0A E5  JMP IPLOT		;$E50A
FFF3 4C 00 E5  JMP IOBASE		;$E500
;
;Unused vectors
;
FFF6 .dw $FFFF
FFF8 .dw $FFFF


;====================================================================
; - Power-on Vectors
;
FFFA .dw NMI		;$FEA9
FFFC .dw RESET		;$FD22
FFFE .dw IRQ		;$FF72
VIC-20 Kernel ROM	Page 6
03/13/97 2:23 PM





               
      Koala-Verter...V1.0
      Koala-Printer..V1.0
               
               
      By Dr. Jim Rothwell
              and
         Dan Rothwell
               
    Permission Granted for
      Personal Use Only.
     All Commercial Rights
           Reserved.
 
 Koala-Verter         converts
 full-color Koala pad pictures
 into    a   black&white   dot
 patterns which can print on a
 standard  cbm  1525  graphics
 printer.
 
 Koala Printer reads  in   the
 converted     pictures    for
 printing,  and   allows   the
 picture  to  be  expanded  in
 either vertical or horizontal
 directions.
 
 First,  run Koala-Verter. The
 program    willprompt     for
 insertion     of    a    disk
 containing  Koala  pics.  Use
 the  sample provided (jungle)
 or  insert  your   own   disk
 containing  another  program.
 then, press return .
 
 After  reading  and  analyzng
 the    picture,   the   Koala
 version will be displayed  in
 color  along  with a table of
 the sixteen possible  colors.
 Select    a   color   to   be
 extracted from  the  picture;
 black, for example.
 
 The   next  menu  requests  a
 dot-pattern to be substituted
 for  the  black areas. Select
 one, such  pattern  (a).  The
 picture   will   be   scanned
 bottom  to  top,   extracting
 those    black    areas   and
 creating   a   new    picture
 containing  the  (a)  pattern
 where black occurred  in  the
 Koala picture.
 
 Note   that  the  pattern  we
 substitute for colors in  the
 Koala picture is a 2-by-2 dot
 pattern,   allowing   us    8
 possible   choices   for  our
 black & white version of  the
 picture.   This   method   of
 representing          shading
 information  by  means of dot
 patterns is called dithering.
 Most   importantly,  we  have
 control over how the  various
 color  areas  are represented
 in  the  final  print.  Being
 naturally  creative,  we  can
 decide  which  areas   should
 contrast   and  which  should
 blend.  In  this  way   (read
 'trial  and  error' here), we
 will find the combination  of
 dots  which  best  represents
 what the picture says.
 
 After extracting a color  and
 viewing  the  results, we may
 accept   it   (by    pressing
 return)   or   reject  it  by
 selecting another pattern  to
 substitute.
 
 Note  that  the  menu  at the
 bottom of the screen  may  be
 toggled  on and off using the
 f7 key so  you  can  see  the
 full area of the screen.
 
 Once  an  extraction has been
 accepted, it  goes  into  the
 'final'      print.      Each
 succeeding extraction will be
 added to the previous ones to
 build  the   picture.   Color
 seperations  could be made by
 saving  and   printing   each
 extraction by itself.
 
 Experiment               with
 pattern-substitution       on
 various  pictures  to  get  a
 feel    for    what    works.
 Experience    suggests   that
 single-dot areas don't  print
 well  on  a 1525; clusters of
 dots two-or-more wide seem to
 work    better.    Row-to-row
 registration  of  dots   will
 vary from printer to printer,
 also. When  ready  to  print,
 press f1 to exit and save the
 picture. It  will  now  be  a
 full    8k    high-resolution
 picture, loading at $2000.
 
 Load and run Koala Printer.
 
 NOTE:  Koala Printer supports
 only 1515/1525/mps 801 or 803
 printers.
 
 Using  the  menu,  load  your
 dithered  picture.  Then view
 it.  When  viewing,  any  key
 takes you back to the menu.
 
 Now PRINT it.
 
 The  picture  will  be turned
 sideways to  better  fit  the
 paper   and  allow  room  for
 expansion.         Unexpanded
 pictures,    being   smaller,
 print    faster    and    are
 recommended     for    'first
 drafts.'  more   importantly,
 the  ribbon will last longer.
 You may exit from printing at
 any time by pressing the stop
 key.
 
 Upon exit  from  Koala-Verter
 and   Koala Printer   the  8k
 hi-res picture remains intact
 in  ram  at  $2000, for those
 who wish to use it.
 
 This   program    has    been
 released  as FREE-WARE by the
 authors.  If  you  like  this
 program  and  appreciate  the
 work, then send a donation of
 $20.00 to:
 
 Dan Rothwell
 Starving Artists Software
 c/o CUGKC Library
 310 Monterey
 Liberty, MO  64068
 
 In Turn, you will be rewarded
 with an all new, Version  2.0
 'KOALA-VERTER/PRINTER'  which
 features    ultra    hi-speed
 loading/printing, and dumping
 to       various        ascii
 dot-addressable      printers
 without  having  to  use  the
 slower  printing  routines of
 the  1525  printer.  Plus   a
 complete        set        of
 documentation.
 
 Koala    Verter/Printer    is
 written  entirely in assembly
 language    via    the    MAE
 assembler.  Koala  Verter was
 originally destined to  be  a
 commercially  available piece
 of  software.  However,  this
 product     was    previously
 released to  the  library  of
 the Commodore User's Group of
 Kansas City  as  part  of  an
 on-going    HI-Res   software
 utility library disk. Midwest
 Micro   has  decided  not  to
 market  this  product.  Their
 loss is your gain!
 
 Address     any     immediate
 comments to:
 C.U.G.K.C., Inc.
 70017,1774
 Via EasyPlex.
 Your  comments   are   always
 welcome.
 
 
#: 13692 S4/Machine Code
   13-Feb-88  20:53:08
Sb: #untrapped error
Fm: Rick Joslin 72167,3312
To: Any LADS user
 
 To any of you who use Richard Mansfield's fine assembler, you
probably thought you had made every possible error you could.
I found one while trying to adapt the program to run on the
B-128 that I had never encountered while using the program for
years on my C64.  In a nutshell:
 
lda #bank (you meant to say lda bank, this is the error)
sta somewhere
etc., more code
bank .byte 0
(this is an address label, say $48A9 or something)
 
 Notice that 'bank' is a two byte address, and yet you are
trying to load it into one byte (the accumulator).  If lads
stopped and told you this, all would be well, but it won't!
What it does instead is load the low byte of the address into
A, and then somehow gets its address counter off by one byte.
The result is that all the code after lda #bank may look pretty
good on the screen, but will be off by one byte, and your program
will inevitably crash.  If you start getting some 'impossible'
crashes after adding some source code, you might look for an
error like this.
 
 Hope this isn't old	at to everyone -- I thought it was interesting
enough to report on, since it made me waste several hours today.
 
 Comments welcome, email or forum.
 
 Rick Joslin (72167,3312)
program lemon (input,output);

(*written for zoom pascal 64*)
(*by david r. pounds*)
(*graphic artist - alan m. pounds*)
(*update 9/14/85*)

const clear=147;
var choice,dummy:char;
    bkgcolr:integer;
    passed:boolean;
    phase:1..4;

function round (value:real):integer;
begin
 round:=trunc(value)
end;(*round*)

function getnumb:integer;
var next:char;
    infile:text;
begin
 read(infile,next);
 getnumb:=ord(next)
end;(*getnumb*)

function pokeit (address:integer):integer;
var value,change,lobit,hibit,addr,poke:integer;
begin
 value:=getnumb;
 lobit:=getnumb;
 hibit:=getnumb;
 change:=256*hibit+lobit;
 for addr:=0 to change-1
 do begin
  poke:=address+addr;
  mem [poke]:=chr(value)
 end;(*addr do*)
 pokeit:=address+change
end;(*pokeit*)

function picload (picname:string):integer;
const coloram=$d800;
      bkgaddr=$5c00;
      picaddr=$6000;
      border=$d020;
var first:char;
    infile:text;
    address,counter:integer;
    color:0..16;
begin
 color:=0;
 counter:=0;
 reset(infile,picname);
 read(infile,first);
 if not (first='p') then exit(picload);
 picload:=getnumb;
 address:=coloram;
 repeat
  address:=pokeit (address)
 until (address > coloram+999);
 address:=bkgaddr;
 repeat
  address:=pokeit (address)
 until (address > bkgaddr+999);
 address:=picaddr;
 repeat
  address:=pokeit (address)
 until (address > picaddr+7999);
 mem [border]:=chr(0);
 close(infile)
end;(*picload*)

procedure bankchange (bank:0..3);
const change=$dd02;
      select=$dd00;
var toggle:integer;
    debank:0..3;
begin
 debank:=3-bank;
 toggle:=ord(mem [change]);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,3);
 mem [change]:=chr(toggle);
 toggle:=ord(mem [select]);
 toggle:=andb(toggle,252);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,debank);
 mem [select]:=chr(toggle)
end;(*bankchange*)

procedure bitmapset (bkgcolr:integer);
const screenset=$d018;
      bitmaptog=$d011;
      multicolr=$d016;
      bkgrcolor=$d021;
var toggle:integer;
    bank:0..3;
begin
 bank:=1;
 bankchange (bank);
 mem [screenset]:=chr(120);
 toggle:=ord(mem [bitmaptog]);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,32);
 mem [bitmaptog]:=chr(toggle);
 toggle:=ord(mem [multicolr]);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,16);
 mem [multicolr]:=chr(toggle);
 mem [bkgrcolor]:=chr(bkgcolr)
end;(*bitmapset*)

procedure backtotext;
const screenset=$d018;
      bitmaptog=$d011;
      multicolr=$d016;
      bkgrcolor=$d021;
      blue=6;
var toggle:integer;
    bank:0..3;
begin
 mem [screenset]:=chr(21);
 toggle:=ord(mem [bitmaptog]);
 toggle:=andb(toggle,223);
 mem [bitmaptog]:=chr(toggle);
 toggle:=ord(mem [multicolr]);
 toggle:=andb(toggle,239);
 mem [multicolr]:=chr(toggle);
 mem [bkgrcolor]:=chr(blue);             bank:=0;
 bankchange (bank)
end;(*backtotext*)

function picloader (phase:1..4):integer;
var picname:string [16];
begin
 write(chr(clear));
 case phase of
  1:picname:='earthrise #1';
  2:picname:='saturn #2';
  3:picname:='saturnport 3'
 end;(*phase case*)
 write(chr(clear));
 writeln;writeln;
 writeln('loading ',picname,' from disk');
 picloader:=picload (picname);
 write(chr(147))(*clear*)
end;(*picloader*)

procedure spriteswitch (switch:string [3];sprite:0..7);
const enable=$d015;
var toggle,pow:integer;
    power:real;
begin
 power:=exp(sprite*ln(2));
 pow:=round(power);
 if switch='on'
 then begin
  toggle:=ord(mem [enable]);
  toggle:=orb(toggle,pow);
  mem [enable]:=chr(toggle)
 end(*on then*)
 else begin
  toggle:=ord(mem [enable]);
  toggle:=andb(toggle,(255-pow));
  mem [enable]:=chr(toggle)
 end(*off else*)
end;(*spriteswitch*)

procedure nothing;
begin

end;(*nothing*)

procedure blowup (phase:1..4;x:0..321;zont,vert:integer);
const pad=150;
begin
 if (phase=1)
 then begin
  writeln;
  writeln('sorry the combined absolute values of');
  writeln('horizontal and vertical velocities');
  writeln('exceeded the given parameters');
  writeln;
  writeln('(you hadn''t the chance of a snowball in');
  writeln('hell of landing that crate)');
  writeln;
  writeln('just look at the speed:')
 end;(*phase 1 then*)
 if phase=2 then begin
  writeln;
  if (x > 139) and (x < 243)
  then begin
   writeln('you were going too fast and crashed');
   writeln;
   writeln('into the landing pad')
  end(*inside then*)
  else begin
   writeln;
   if abs(zont)+abs(vert) > pad then
   writeln('you were going too fast and')
   else writeln('your speed was o.k. but');
   writeln;
   writeln('you were outside the crater walls')
  end;(*outside else*)
  writeln;
  writeln('these were your last readings')
 end;(*phase 2 then*)
 if phase=3 then begin
  writeln;
  writeln('sorry you lose');
  writeln;
  writeln('the ship crashed');
  writeln;
  writeln('there were no survivors');
  writeln;
  writeln('these were your final parameters');
  writeln;
  writeln('before you ploughed into the planet');
  writeln
 end(*phase 3 then*)
end;(*blowup*)

procedure congrats (phase:1..4);
begin
 if (phase=1) or (phase=2)
 then begin
  writeln;
  writeln('o.k. you''re doing fine so far');
  writeln;
  writeln('the ship is coming in on course:');
  writeln
 end(*phase 1 or 2 then*)
 else begin
  writeln;
  writeln('congratulations');
  writeln;
  writeln('you landed safely');
  writeln;
  writeln('these were your last instrument readings');
  writeln('before landing.');
  writeln
 end(*phase 3 else*)
end;(*congrats*)

procedure storevalues (fuel,zont,vert:integer;hr,min,sec:0..60);
const loc=$9000;
begin
 if fuel > 256 then fuel:=256;
 mem [loc]:=chr(fuel);
 mem [loc+1]:=chr(hr);
 mem [loc+2]:=chr(min);
 mem [loc+3]:=chr(sec);
 if zont > 256 then zont:=256;
 mem [loc+4]:=chr(zont);
 if vert > 256 then vert:=256;
 mem [loc+5]:=chr(vert)
end;(*storevalues*)

procedure readvalues
(crashed,landed:boolean;fuel,flytime,bkgcolr,height,zont,vert:integer;phase:1..4;x:0..321);
const clear=147;
var dummy:char;
    switch:string [3];
    sprite:0..7;
    hr,min,sec:0..60;
    measure:string;
begin
 write(chr(clear));
 if crashed then blowup (phase,x,zont,vert);
 if landed then congrats (phase);
 writeln;
 if fuel > 2 then
 writeln('fuel=',fuel,' liters')
 else writeln('fuel tank empty');
 writeln;
 writeln('horizontal velocity=',zont,' meters/sec');
 writeln;
 writeln('vertical velocity=',vert,' meters/sec');
 hr:=flytime div 3600;
 min:=(flytime-hr*3600) div 60;
 sec:=flytime-hr*3600-min*60;
 writeln;
 writeln('flight time=',hr,' hr, ',min,' min, ',sec,' sec');
 writeln;
 case phase of
  1:measure:='kilometers';
  2:begin
     height:=height div 10;
     measure:='kilometers'
    end;(*phase 2*)
  3:begin
     height:=(height-25)*10;
     measure:='meters'
    end(*phase 3*)
 end;(*phase case*)
 writeln('height=',height,' ',measure);
 writeln;writeln;
 writeln('f1 to continue');
 writeln;
 if inkey=chr(133) then
 if not (landed or crashed)
 then begin
  switch:='on';
  sprite:=0;
  spriteswitch (switch,sprite);
  bitmapset (bkgcolr)
 end(*not down then*)
 else storevalues (fuel,zont,vert,hr,min,sec)
end;(*readvalues*)

procedure spriteloader;
const storage=$5bc0;
var pos:string [3];
    holdfile:text;
    filename:string [7];
    count:1..60;
    value:char;
    addr,toggle:integer;
    times,num:1..8;
    time:0..1;
begin
 addr:=storage;
 for time:=0 to 1
 do begin
  addr:=addr+128;
  if time=0
  then num:=8
  else num:=2;
  for times:=1 to num
  do begin
   addr:=addr-128;
   case times of
    1:pos:='0';
    2:pos:='45';
    3:pos:='90';
    4:pos:='135';
    5:pos:='180';
    6:pos:='225';
    7:pos:='270';
    8:pos:='315'
   end;(*times case*)
   if time=0 then
   filename:=concat('ship',pos)
   else filename:=concat('fire',pos);
   writeln('loading ',filename);
   reset(holdfile,filename);
   for count:=1 to 60
   do begin
    read(holdfile,value);
    mem [addr]:=value;
    addr:=addr+1
   end;(*count for*)
   close(holdfile);
   for count:=1 to 4
   do begin
    mem [addr]:=chr(0);
    addr:=addr+1
   end(*count for*)
  end;(*times for*)
  addr:=addr-128
 end(*time for*)
end;(*spriteloader*)

procedure setupsprite (phase:1..4);
const vidicon=$d000;
var addr:integer;
    switch:string [3];
    sprite:0..7;
    color0,color1:0..15;
    expand:boolean;
begin
 case phase of
  1:color0:=2;(*red*)
  2:color0:=9;(*brown*)
  3:color0:=1(*white*)
 end;(*phase case*)
 case phase of
  1:color1:=8;(*orange*)
  2:color1:=9;(*brown*)
  3:color1:=7(*yellow*)
 end;(*phase case*)
 switch:='on';
 sprite:=0;
 spriteswitch (switch,sprite);
 addr:=vidicon+39;
 mem [addr]:=chr(color0);
 addr:=vidicon+40;
 mem [addr]:=chr(color1)
end;(*setupsprite*)

procedure setupsound (phase:1..4);
const sid=$d400;
var clear:0..24;
    addr:integer;
begin
 addr:=sid;
 for clear:=0 to 24
 do begin
  mem [addr]:=chr(0);
  addr:=addr+1
 end;(*clear for*)
 addr:=sid+5;(*attack,decay*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(9);(*voice 1*)
 addr:=sid+6;(*sustain,release*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(0);(*voice 1*)
 addr:=sid+24;(*volume*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(phase*4);
 addr:=sid+12;(*a,d voice 2*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(73);
 addr:=sid+13;(*s,r voice 2*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(152)
end;(*setupsound*)

procedure pokesprite (x:0..321;y:0..257;pos:0..360;expand:boolean);
const vidicon=$d000;
      pointer0=$5ff8;
      pointer1=$5ff9;
      loc=111;
var poke0,poke1:0..256;
    x1:0..321;y1:0..257;
    addr:integer;
begin
 case pos of
  0:begin poke0:=loc;poke1:=loc-8 end;
  45:begin poke0:=loc-1;poke1:=loc-9 end;
  90:begin poke0:=loc-2;poke1:=loc-8 end;
  135:begin poke0:=loc-3;poke1:=loc-9 end;
  180:begin poke0:=loc-4;poke1:=loc-8 end;
  225:begin poke0:=loc-5;poke1:=loc-9 end;
  270:begin poke0:=loc-6;poke1:=loc-8 end;
  315:begin poke0:=loc-7;poke1:=loc-9 end
 end;(*pos case*)
 mem [pointer0]:=chr(poke0);
 mem [pointer1]:=chr(poke1);
 addr:=vidicon+16;
 if (mem [addr]=chr(0)) and (x < 25)
 then x:=25;
 if x > 320 then x:=320;
 if x > 255
 then begin
  mem [addr]:=chr(3);
  x:=x-256
 end(* > 255 *)
 else mem [addr]:=chr(0);
 if y < 25 then y:=25;
 if y > 230 then y:=230;
 if expand then case pos of
  0:begin x1:=x-11;y1:=y+15 end;
  45:begin x1:=x-30;y1:=y+4 end;
  90:begin x1:=x-41;y1:=y-9 end;
  135:begin x1:=x-30;y1:=y-22 end;
  180:begin x1:=x-11;y1:=y-30 end;
  225:begin x1:=x+13;y1:=y-25 end;
  270:begin x1:=x+15;y1:=y-9 end;
  315:begin x1:=x+15;y1:=y+5 end
 end(*expand pos case*)
 else case pos of
  0:begin x1:=x;y1:=y+15 end;
  45:begin x1:=x-15;y1:=y+12 end;
  90:begin x1:=x-25;y1:=y end;
  135:begin x1:=x-15;y1:=y-7 end;
  180:begin x1:=x-1;y1:=y-15 end;
  225:begin x1:=x+15;y1:=y-7 end;
  270:begin x1:=x+20;y1:=y-1 end;
  315:begin x1:=x+18;y1:=y+16 end
 end;(*contract pos case*)
 mem [vidicon]:=chr(x);
 mem [vidicon+1]:=chr(y);
 mem [vidicon+2]:=chr(x1);
 mem [vidicon+3]:=chr(y1)
end;(*pokesprite*)

procedure rockets (fire,expand:boolean);
const sid=$d400;
      vidicon=$d000;
var switch:string [3];
    sprite:0..7;
begin
 sprite:=1;
 if expand then begin
  mem [vidicon+29]:=chr(2);
  mem [vidicon+23]:=chr(2)
 end(*expand then*)
 else begin
  mem [vidicon+29]:=chr(0);
  mem [vidicon+23]:=chr(0)
 end;(*contract else*)
 if fire then switch:='on'
 else switch:='off';
 spriteswitch (switch,sprite);
 if fire then mem [sid+11]:=chr(129)
 (*gate white noise waveform-voice 2*)
 else mem [sid+11]:=chr(128);(*close gate*)
 if expand then begin
  mem [sid+7]:=chr(85);
  mem [sid+8]:=chr(36)
 end(*lo c# then*)
 else begin
  mem [sid+7]:=chr(169);
  mem [sid+8]:=chr(72)
 end(* hi c# else*)
end;(*rockets*)

function joystick (x:0..321;y:0..257;fuel:integer):integer;
var pos:0..360;
    status:101..127;
    fire,expand:boolean;
begin
 status:=ord(mem [$dc00]);
 if fuel > 2
 then begin
  case status of
   117,118,119,121,122,123,125,126:
   begin
    fuel:=fuel-1;
    fire:=true;
    expand:=false
   end;(*no fire button*)
   101,102,103,105,106,107,109,110:
   begin
    fuel:=fuel-2;
    fire:=true;
    expand:=true
   end;(*fire button*)
   127:fire:=false
  end(*fuel status*)
 end(*fuel then*)
 else fuel:=2;
 joystick:=fuel;
 rockets (fire,expand);
 if ((status <> 127) and (fuel <> 2))
 then begin
  case status of
   126,110:pos:=0;
   125,109:pos:=180;
   123,107:pos:=270;
   119,103:pos:=90;
   122,106:pos:=315;
   118,102:pos:=45;
   121,105:pos:=225;
   117,101:pos:=135
  end;(*position status*)
  case status of
   126,110:y:=y-1;
   125,109:y:=y+1;
   123,107:x:=x-1;
   119,103:x:=x+1;
   122,106:begin x:=x-1;y:=y-1 end;
   118,102:begin x:=x+1;y:=y-1 end;
   121,105:begin x:=x-1;y:=y+1 end;
   117,101:begin x:=x+1;y:=y+1 end
  end;(*1/2 status*)
  case status of
   110:y:=y-1;
   109:y:=y+1;
   107:x:=x-1;
   103:x:=x+1;
   106:begin x:=x-1; y:=y-1 end;
   102:begin x:=x+1; y:=y-1 end;
   105:begin x:=x-1; y:=y+1 end;
   101:begin x:=x+1; y:=y+1 end
  end;(*status case*)
  pokesprite (x,y,pos,expand)
 end(*status then*)
 else begin
  pos:=0;
  pokesprite (x,y,pos,expand)
 end(*127 else*)
end;(*joystick*)

function testcrash
(zont,vert:integer;x:0..321;y:0..257;phase:1..4):boolean;
var pad:0..300;
    crashed:boolean;
begin
 crashed:=false;
 case phase of
  1:pad:=200;
  2:pad:=75;
  3:pad:=30
 end;(*phase case*)
 if abs(zont)+abs(vert) > pad
 then crashed:=true;
 if (phase=2) and ((x < 139) or (x > 243))
 then crashed:=true;
 if (phase=3) and ((x < 130) or (x > 190))
 then crashed:=true;
 testcrash:=crashed
end;(*testcrash*)

procedure radarsound (vert,height:integer);
const sid=$d400;
var hifreq,lofreq:0..256;
    length,addr,timer:integer;
begin
 if vert=0 then vert:=1;
 length:=100 div abs(vert);
 hifreq:=height;
 lofreq:=256-height;
 addr:=sid+1;(*voice 1*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(hifreq);
 addr:=sid;(*voice 1*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(lofreq);
 addr:=sid+4;(*gate waveform-1*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(33);(*sawtooth*)
 for timer:=0 to length do nothing;
 mem [addr]:=chr(32)(*close gate*)
end;(*radarsound*)

function motionloop (bkgcolr:integer;phase:1..4):boolean;
const xloc=$d000;
      yloc=$d001;
      acc=2;
      vidicon=$d000;
      loc=$9000;
var x,xsav,deltax:0..321;
    y,ysav,deltay,level:0..257;
    fuel,flytime,addr,height:integer;
    switch:string [3];
    sprite:0..7;
    crashed,landed,f7,even:boolean;
    gravity,fall,drop,setfall:real;
    zont,vert:integer;
    time:0..50;
    fire,expand:boolean;
begin
 x:=24;y:=50;
 case phase of
  1:drop:=1/2;
  2:drop:=1/5;
  3:drop:=1/10
 end;(*phase case*)
 if phase=1
 then begin
  fuel:=500;
  zont:=0;vert:=0;
  flytime:=0;
  level:=230
 end(*phase 1 then*)
 else begin
  fuel:=ord(mem [loc])+500;
  flytime:=3600*ord(mem [loc+1])+60*ord(mem [loc+2])+ord(mem [loc+3]);
  zont:=ord(mem [loc+4])-200;
  vert:=ord(mem [loc+5]);
  level:=175
 end;(*not phase 1 else*)
 crashed:=false;
 landed:=false;
 even:=false;
 fall:=0;
 time:=phase*2;
 repeat
  flytime:=flytime+time div 2;
  if flytime > 17220 then exit(motionloop);
  height:=256-y;
  radarsound (vert,height);
  gravity:=9.8/sqr(height);
  fall:=drop*time+gravity*sqr(time)/2;
  drop:=sqrt(sqr(drop)+2*gravity*fall);
  setfall:=drop+gravity*time;
  y:=y+round(setfall);
  if even then even:=false
  else even:=true;
  if even then x:=x+1;
  xsav:=x;ysav:=y;
  fuel:=joystick (x,y,fuel);
  x:=ord(mem [xloc]);
  if mem [vidicon+16]=chr(3)
  then x:=x+256;
  y:=ord(mem [yloc]);
  deltax:=x-xsav;deltay:=y-ysav;
  zont:=zont+acc*deltax;
  if even then zont:=zont+1;
  vert:=(vert+acc*deltay)+round(setfall);
  if y >= level
  then begin
   crashed:=testcrash (zont,vert,x,y,phase);
   landed:=not crashed
  end;(*down then*)
  f7:=(getkey=chr(136));
  if f7 or landed or crashed
  then begin
   switch:='off';
   sprite:=0;
   spriteswitch (switch,sprite);
   fire:=false;expand:=false;
   rockets (fire,expand);
   backtotext;
   readvalues
   (crashed,landed,fuel,flytime,bkgcolr,height,zont,vert,phase,x)
  end(*f7 then*)
 until landed or crashed;
 if phase=3
 then begin
  switch:='off';
  sprite:=0;
  spriteswitch (switch,sprite)
 end;(*phase 3 then*)
 addr:=vidicon+16;(*left side*)
 mem [addr]:=chr(0);(*reset*)
 motionloop:=landed
end;(*motionloop*)

procedure instructions (phase:1..4);
var dummy:char;
    switch:string [3];
    sprite:0..7;
begin
 writeln;writeln;
 writeln('hit f7 while playing to read numbers');
 writeln;
 writeln('use joystick for control');
 writeln;
 writeln('fire button operates boosters');
 writeln;
 if phase=2 then
 writeln('land in the crater');
 writeln;writeln;
 writeln('return to continue');
 writeln;
 readln(dummy);
 switch:='on';
 sprite:=0;
 spriteswitch (switch,sprite)
end;(*instructions*)

begin (*main*)
 write(chr(clear));
 writeln;writeln;
 writeln('loading sprite definitions');
 spriteloader;
 passed:=true;
 repeat
  write(chr(clear));
  writeln;
  writeln('happy landings');
  writeln;
  writeln('return to play');
  writeln;
  writeln('q to quit');
  writeln;
  readln(choice);
  writeln;
  if choice <> 'q'
  then begin
   write(chr(clear));
   instructions (phase);
   if phase=4 then passed:=true;
   if passed then phase:=1;
   repeat
    setupsound (phase);
    setupsprite (phase);
    if passed then
    bkgcolr:=picloader (phase);
    bitmapset (bkgcolr);
    passed:=motionloop (bkgcolr,phase);
    if passed then phase:=phase+1
   until (not passed) or (phase=4)
  end(*choice then*)
 until choice='q'
end.(*lemon*)



Loadtext 40/80


This program will allow you to read any
sequential disk file saved as Pet Ascii
code.

Features and Operation:

     1. Text files, such as those
downloaded with VIDTEX can be viewed in
80 columns (if they were originally set
up that way) with the help of an 80
column adapter (I use the B.I.-80), or
with the "Screen 80" program published
in the September 1984 issue of
COMPUTE's Gazette.  Standard 40 column
mode can also be used.

     2. Output can be to either the
screen or printer.  I configured the
program for my setup (a Gemini 10X with
Tymac's "The Connection" interface).
The printer's device number and
secondary address can be easily
changed: they're in line 50.

     3. Because text files are LOADed,
they will enter the computer as fast as
any program of the same size.  This
keeps the drive from running the whole
time the file is being read, and may
ease the strain on a hot, stressed
1541.

     4. Maximum file size is 115 disk
blocks or about 29440 bytes.  *** DO
NOT EXCEED THIS SIZE *** as it may
cause system lockup.  The program does
*NOT* check this, so you must!

     5. To temporarily freeze the
outp	, press the space bar.  Press it
again to restart display or printing.

     6. Press 'f1' to end the display
while text is being printed to the
screen (or printer).This will get you
to the "print buffer again?" prompt.
Select "N" to end.  ALWAYS use this
method to end the program as it resets
the Basic pointers to their normal
positions.

This program works by lowering the top
of Basic to 3048 and using the majority
of RAM for a large text buffer.  Text
files are loaded starting at that
address up to the	nd of the file.
Once again, check the size of your file
to be sure it doesn't try to load into
the area occupied by your 80 column
board, I/O devices, KERNAL ROM, etc.
 
I used a short machine language routine
to load the text. It is POKE'd into the
cassette buffer each time the program
is run.  What it does, in effect, is to
"fool" the computer into believing the
text file is an ML program.

If you have any questions or comments
contact me by Email.


Alan Murphy  75236,1433
     HOW TO USE LETTER.IMG

     First, rename the program LETTERS, as all future reference will be to
     that name.

                        QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE TO LETTERS

     TEXT SCREEN

     f1 ---------- insert line
     f2 ---------- delete line
     f3 ---------- change margin color
     f4 ---------- default margin color
     f5 ---------- tab
     f6 ---------- set or release tab
     f7 ---------- go to menu
     f8 ---------- restore text
     CTRL and 9 -- underlining on
     CTRL and 0 -- underlining off
     clr --------- screen clear/store text
     home -------- home
     del --------- delete character
     inst -------- insert character
     return ------ move to left margin on the next line down
     crsr up ----- cursor up 2 screen lines
     crsr down --- cursor down 2 screen lines
     crsr left --- cursor left 1 character
     crsr right -- cursor right 1 character

     MENU SCREEN

     f1 ---------- change border color
     f2 ---------- default border color
     f3 ---------- change  background color
     f4 ---------- default background color
     f5 ---------- change character color
     f6 ---------- default character color

     DETAILS, DETAILS, DETAILS....

     LETTERS is not a full-blown word processor, but has many of the
     features you will find in one. I wrote it because I got pretty
     frustrated with the imbedded commands in the commercial software, and
     wanted something easy to use, fast and versatile. For me, it has been
     the best compromise between text manipulation power and ease of use.
     All of the critical parts of this program are performed by machine
     language routines for speed and convenience, including printing, text
     creating and editing, loading and saving (disk storage only, no tape).
     Load and run the program as you would any other basic program. There
     is about 2K of machine language that will be transferred to $C000 and
     up when you run the program, and during certain buffer operations all
     of $C000 to $CFFF will be used. For this reason you should not use
     the DOS WEDGE with this program, as it will be overwritten.

     GETTING STARTED

     Select "C" from the main menu and answer the next 2 prompts with "N".
     You will now be in the CREATE/EDIT mode. You can go back to the menu
     with F7 whenever you want to, but let's forge ahead for now. You'll
     see reddish bars at the left and right margins. These are the margin
     markers, and you will not be able to type into them. Moving the cursor
     past these markers will cause the cursor to move to the margin on the
     opposite side of the screen (the next line or the previous one).

     These markers will aid you in identifying line beginnings and ends,
     centering titles, etc. Notice that the left markers are on different
     screen lines than the right markers. This is because you are now
     dealing with an 80 column line (the screen lines are only 40). Since
     your printer deals with 80 column lines, the screen will now follow
     that format. You will notice that you can wrap a word around the end
     of a screen line as long as there is no marker there. That's because
     you will be typing the word in the middle of an 80 column line (as
     the printer will see it).

     AUTOMATIC PARSING

     As you are typing a line and approach the end marker, you need not
     worry about breaking a word up at the marker. If the last letter on
     the line is not a blank space, LETTERS will move the entire word to
     the next line for you. This function is called "parsing" and was
     added so that you don't have to watch the screen as you type a new
     line. Parsing will not happen, however, if there is text on the next
     line (this is an aid for editing. Keeps you from dumping a word onto
     text residing on the following line when you are editing). Also,
     parsing will only move words less than 10 characters in length.

     CURSOR UP, DOWN, LEFT AND RIGHT

     Cursor up/down work as they normally do, except that they move the
     cursor 2 screen lines at a time (remember, that's only one 80-column
     line). Moving the cursor past the top or bottom of the screen will
     cause the document to be scrolled, which is how you move through the
     document to read or edit it. Cursor left/right work normally.

     INSERT AND DELETE KEYS

     Use the normal inst/del keys to edit single lines or characters. The
     delete key will work as expected, but when it reaches the left marker
     it will stop. The insert key also works as expected, but when a
     character is pushed into the right marker, it is deleted. This was
     done to prevent you from affecting other lines by making minor
     changes on one. If you wish to insert or delete entire lines at a
     time, use F1 and F2. F1 will push all text from the cursor line down
     one line, and place a blank line at the cursor line. F2 will delete
     the cursor line and move all text beyond that position back one line.

     RETURN AND TAB KEYS

     The return key will move the cursor to the beginning of the next
     line. The tab key is F5. F6 sets or releases a tab. To set a tab,
     move the cursor to where you want the tab to be and press F6. To
     release a tab, tab to the tab you wish to release and press F6. To
     tab, press F5. The cursor will move to the first tab to the right of
     the cursor. If there is no tab set to the right of the cursor, it will
     perform a return.

     UNDERLINING OR SPECIAL COMMANDS

     To underline, press CTRL 9 (rvs on). Underlining off is CTRL 0. The
     printing routine in LETTERS will respond to reverse video characters
     by sending an escape sequence to the printer before printing the
     character. After printing the character, it sends another escape
     sequence. I use this feature to enable and disable the underlining
     feature of my printer. If your printer does not underline, you can
     substitute another escape sequence for this feature (italics, shadow
     print, super/subscript, etc.). See program modifications for details.

     MOVING TEXT AND THE CLR/HOME KEYS

     The home key works normally. The screen clear key writes the text on
     the screen into a buffer and clears the screen. You can use this
     feature to move from 1 to 12 lines of text at a time, because the
     buffer can be recovered with F8. (If you wish to permanently delete a
     line or lines, use F2 instead of clr). There are 2 safety features
     built into these keys. First, the clr key will work only if the
     buffer is empty. This will prevent you from accidentally writing over
     the contents of the buffer (the buffer is emptied when you use F8 to
     restore the text). The entire screen is affected with these keys, so
     here's how to manipulate less than 12 lines at a time:

     1.
     Scroll the first line to be buffered to the top of the screen and
     place the cursor on the line AFTER the last line to be buffered.
     Press F1 as many times as necessary to push the unwanted lines off
     the screen. Then press clr to buffer the screen. Delete the blank
     lines (unless you want them) with F2.
     2.
     Scroll to where you want the text inserted. Scroll the line that will
     be BELOW your inserted text to the top of the screen and home the
     cursor. Push all text off the screen with F1. Now restore your
     buffered text with F8 and delete any unwanted blank lines by moving
     the cursor to them and pressing F2.

     MARGIN MARKER COLOR

     F3 changes the color of the margin marker bars. F4 sets the default
     color.

     THE MAIN MENU

     The main menu is self-prompting and self-explanitory except for the
     screen color options. The "F" keys will have different functions now,
     as outlined in the beginning of this document.

     STOPPING OR EXITING THE PROGRAM

     The program can be stopped from the main menu with the run/stop key.
     It can be resumed by re-running the program. Any document in memory
     will NOT be lost by doing this, as LETTERS will not clear the memory
     unless it's being run for the first time. When run, LETTERS changes
     some of the default computer settings, such as the top of basic
     memory, all keys repeat, etc. When you want to exit the program and
     reset the computer to default conditions, select "E" from the main
     menu and the computer will be sent to it's cold start routine. Even
     if you exit in this manner, if you should discover you left a
     document in memory by accident (you forgot to save it to disk), you
     can still recover it by reloading and running LETTERS again. You're
     out of luck, though, if you shut off the the computer or load in
     another program that overwrites document storage ($4000 to $9FFF) or
     LETTERS machine language subroutines ($C000 to $CFFF).

     PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS

     You can modify the basic part of LETTERS. Those with printers that do
     not emulate CBM printers will need to do this. This program works fine
     with the VIC printers and the PROWRITER with a +G CARDCO interface. If
     you have different escape codes for underlining or bolface, you will
     want to change the codes on lines 1210 and up. Don't forget to allow
     for ascii conversion when you change the codes.

     FORM LETTERS

     You can create a form letter, save it to disk and load it back in to
     edit it. After all, a form letter is just a document that you edit
     and resave (usually under a different name).

     DOCUMENTS OVER 5 PAGES IN LENGTH

     Once you type in 5 pages of text (plus 7 lines) you're out of memory
     and must either stop and print the document or save it to disk. You
     can then continue your document by using "C" for create and writing
     the next part. Save the next part with a different name (such as
     DOCUMENT#2). When you go to print your multiple file document, the
     printing routine will be able to accomodate you (if you answer the
     prompts correctly). Print the first file, then load the second and
     print it, etc. You are only limited by the number of disks you have
     to store text on.

     ABOUT THE FILES

     LETTERS stores it's files in CBM screen codes. The first 48 bytes in
     the file contain the variables used to format the text, and the rest
     of the file is text, including spaces. The file is sequential.

     CONVERTING THE FILES FOR CIS

     You can use the file conversion program (also on this XA) to create
     another file from a LETTERS file. I use LETTERS to create EMAIL,
     bulletin board messages or documentation files such as this. Then I
     run The conversion program (FILCON.IMG) to convert the file to a
     standard ASCII file or a CBM PETASCII file (you have a choice).
     FILCON.IMG discards the 48 variable bytes, performs the coversion and
     deletes spaces at the end of the lines. It also adds a CR and LF to
     the end of each line for ASCII, or a CR only if PETASCII. Then I can
     load the new file into my VIDTEX buffer and send the entire message
     at once with META V (ASCII). PETASCII files I use for uploading
     documentation. The original LETTERS file is not changed, FILCON.IMG
     just creates a modified duplicate file, naming it whatever you choose.

     I'll be glad to respond to any questions or comments via EMAIL.

     Thank you,  Jim Klitzing
The Library Utility
-------------------
(c) Copyright 1985 David Bolt
       and Greg Pfountz
-------------------
Brought to you by:
 --==>> The Grafix ConneXtion <<==--
             304-768-9360
              10pm - 7am

  This program has been placed in the public domain. Thus, it is legal to copy and distribute this program, but it cannot and will not be sold for any amount.
We encourage distribution of this software because we feel that it will be of great help to the nation's sysops and their callers.

I. Reason for this program's existence

  The purpose of this program is to create and dissolve library files. Library files are a useful way of storing multi-file programs on a BBS. Instead of
storing the program in multiple disk files with different filenames, the program is stored in one single file that holds the concatenated versions of all the
program's associated files. Thus if the library file is placed on a BBS a caller would be sure he would be getting all of the necessary files for his program
in one download!

  Recently a caller uploaded a 25 file public-domain text adventure to The Daily Exchange. The combined file sizes totaled over 195 blocks. To download the
program required downloading the adventure 1 file at a time and the caller would also have to type the filename in for each file (Wastes On-line time!). If
the

text adventure was placed in a library file the user could download the entire program (all 25 files) as a single file of 193 blocks!!!!!

  The Library Utility is not a "file squeezer" program even though it does make a  group of files slightly smaller when they are placed in the library format.
Instead it puts all of the files sequentially into one file. After the files are in the library format the user has the option of extracting all of the files
or a single file.


II. Creating a Library file

  These are the steps to follow to create a library file. First of all make sure all of the programs you want in the library are on the same disk. This disk
should have a greater number of blocks free then the sum of the block counts of all the files going into the library. The maximum limit for size of a library
is 320 blocks for one drive and 660 blocks for two drive systems. If you cannot fit all of the files in one library then you will be forced to create two.
Keep

in mind that other users may not have the same equipment as you and may not be able to easily dissolve your 660 block monster library.

  Now load in The Library Utility, Type 'run' and enter you disk configuration. Now put the source file disk into 1st drive and the library file disk into the
2nd drive. (On single drive systems the library will be created on the same disk that has the source files.)

  Now the prompt "Create or Dissolve Library File (c/d)" will stare you in the face. Since we are creating a library press "C". Now the drive will spin and
the

first filename off the disk will appear with the prompt "(y/n)?". Press "y" to include this file in the library and "n" to skip it. This procedure will
continue until the entire directory has been read and all prompts answered. If you are still in the middle of the directory but have passed all of the files
that you wish to include, in the library, you may skip the rest of the directory by pressing the space bar at any of the prompts.

  The program now asks for the name of the library file to be created. Filenames are limited to 12 characters. Use a name that will identify the program. If
the library contains the files to the program "Junkterm" then call the library "Junkterm". A filename extension will be added to the end of the name, so in
our

example the library filename would be "Junkterm.lbr" where ".lbr" stands for 'LiBRary file".

  The program will now print a list of all the files that will fit in the library. Normally all the requested files will appear but in a two cases they may
not. The filename will not appear if it is not a PRG, SEQ, or USR file. A filename may also not appear if it causes the library to cross the size limitations.
(320 blocks single 660 blocks dual.) In this case just create TWO library files with half of the program files in each library. Name them something like
"filename1.lbr" and "filename2.lbr" where filename is the 12 char. or less name of your library.

  Now the program will go through the files on disk and count the number of bytes in each and reports these figures back. This is necessary for the creation
of

the library file's directory. Finally the library file is written to the disk as a sequential file with your 12 char. or less filename + ".lbr" on the end and
the program will return to BASIC.

  The creation process will be stop if a disk error is detected while working.


III. Dissolving Library Files.

  To dissolve a library file first place the library on a disk with plenty of free space (format one for the occassion to insure enough disk space. Now load
and run the utility and enter the proper drive configuration. Put the disk with the library file on it in the first drive and the to recieve the extracted
files in the 2nd drive. On single drive systems the files will be created on the same disk as the library file. Press "D" for "Dissolve library file". You
will

be prompted to input the name of the library file (minus the .lbr extension). Up to 12 characters may be entered. The program will search the disk and begin
reading the library file. A menu will be displayed which shows all of the files contained in the library and their respective sizes in bytes. You will be
asked

if you wish to extrace a (s)ingle file or (a)ll the files. Press "s" for single and "a" for all. If you press "s" you will be asked for a file number. Enter
the number to the LEFT of the desired file in the menu display.

  The Utility will now scan the disk and either create a single file or all the files from the library (as you selected) on your the correct disk. Then the
program will return to BASIC.

  If any disk errors are detected during extraction the process will be aborted and the program will return to BASIC.


  IV. This program was written by David Bolt and Greg Pfountz for use on The Daily Exchange and other BBSs. To contact either of the authors with any
questions

please call The Daily Exchange at (703)-989-7461.


PROGRAM LISP;
LABEL 101, 102;
CONST MAXNODE = 1000;
TYPE
  INPUTSYMBOL = (ATOM, PERIOD, LPAREN, RPAREN);
  RWORDS = (RHSYM, RTSYM, HEADSYM, TAILSYM, EQSYM, QUOTESYM,
     ATOMSYM, CONDSYM, LABELSYM, LAMBDASYM, COPYSYM, APPENDSYM, CONCSYM,
     CONSSYM);
STATUSTYPE = (UNMARKED, LEFT, RIGHT, MARKED);
SYMBEXPPTR = ^SYMBOLICEXPRESSION;
ALFA = PACKED ARRAY [1 .. 10] OF CHAR;
SYMBOLICEXPRESSION = RECORD
      STATUS : STATUSTYPE;
      NEXT   : SYMBEXPPTR;
 CASE ANATOM : BOOLEAN OF
      TRUE   : (NAME : ALFA;
               CASE ISARESERVEDWORD : BOOLEAN OF
                    TRUE : (RESSYM : RWORDS));
      FALSE  : (HEAD, TAIL : SYMBEXPPTR)
 END;
VAR
  LOOKAHEADSYM, SYM : INPUTSYMBOL ;
  ID : ALFA;
  ALREADYPEEKED : BOOLEAN ;
  CH : CHAR ;
  PTR : SYMBEXPPTR;
  FREELIST, NODELIST, ALIST : SYMBEXPPTR;
  NILNODE, TNODE : SYMBOLICEXPRESSION;
  RESWORD : RWORDS;
  RESERVED : BOOLEAN ;
  RESWORDS : ARRAY [RWORDS] OF ALFA;
  FREENODES : INTEGER;
  NUMBEROFGCS : INTEGER;
PROCEDURE GARBAGEMAN;
  PROCEDURE MARK(VAR LIST : SYMBEXPPTR);
  VAR FATHER, SON, CURRENT : SYMBEXPPTR;
  BEGIN
    FATHER := NIL; CURRENT := LIST; SON := CURRENT;
    WHILE CURRENT <> NIL DO
      WITH CURRENT^ DO
        CASE STATUS OF
          UNMARKED:
            IF ANATOM THEN STATUS := MARKED
            ELSE IF (HEAD^.STATUS <> UNMARKED) OR (HEAD = CURRENT)
                 THEN
                   IF (TAIL^.STATUS <> UNMARKED) OR (TAIL = CURRENT)
                   THEN STATUS := MARKED
                   ELSE
                     BEGIN
                       STATUS := RIGHT; SON := TAIL; TAIL := FATHER;
                       FATHER := CURRENT; CURRENT := SON
                     END
                 ELSE
                   BEGIN
                     STATUS := LEFT; SON := HEAD; HEAD := FATHER;
                     FATHER := CURRENT; CURRENT := SON
                   END;
          LEFT :
            IF TAIL^.STATUS <> UNMARKED THEN
              BEGIN
                STATUS := MARKED; FATHER := HEAD; HEAD := SON;
                SON := CURRENT
              END
            ELSE
              BEGIN
                STATUS := RIGHT; CURRENT := TAIL; TAIL := HEAD;
                HEAD := SON; SON := CURRENT
              END;
          RIGHT:
            BEGIN
              STATUS := MARKED; FATHER := TAIL; TAIL := SON;
              SON := CURRENT
            END;
          MARKED : CURRENT := FATHER
        END
    END;
  PROCEDURE COLLECTFREENODES;
    VAR TEMP : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      WRITE(' NUMBER OF NODES BEFORE COLLECTION = ', FREENODES:1, '.');
    FREELIST := NIL; FREENODES := 0; TEMP := NODELIST;
    WHILE TEMP <> NIL DO
      BEGIN
        IF TEMP^.STATUS <> UNMARKED THEN TEMP^.STATUS := UNMARKED
        ELSE
          BEGIN
            FREENODES := FREENODES + 1; TEMP^.HEAD := FREELIST;
            FREELIST := TEMP
          END;
        TEMP := TEMP^.NEXT
      END;
    WRITELN(' NUMBER OF FREENODES AFTER COLLECTION = ',FREENODES:1,'.')
  END;
BEGIN
  NUMBEROFGCS := NUMBEROFGCS + 1; WRITELN;
  WRITELN('GARBAGE COLLECTION.'); WRITELN; MARK(ALIST);
  IF PTR <> NIL THEN MARK(PTR); COLLECTFREENODES
END;
PROCEDURE POP(VAR SPTR : SYMBEXPPTR);
  BEGIN
    IF FREELIST = NIL THEN
      BEGIN
        WRITELN('NOT ENOUGH SPACE TO EVALUATE THE EXPRESSION');
        GOTO 102
      END;
    FREENODES := FREENODES - 1; SPTR := FREELIST;
    FREELIST := FREELIST^.HEAD
  END;
PROCEDURE ERROR(NUMBERS : INTEGER);
  BEGIN
    WRITELN; WRITE('eRROR ',NUMBERS:1,',');
    CASE NUMBERS OF
      1 : WRITELN(' ATOM OR ( EXPECTED IN THE S-EXPR.');
      2 : WRITELN(' ATOM, (, OR ) EXPECTED IN THE S-EXPR.');
      3 : WRITELN(' LABEL AND LAMBDA ARE NOT NAMES OF FUNCTIONS.');
      4 : WRITELN(') EXPECTED IN THE S-EXPR.');
      5 : WRITELN('1ST ARGUMENT OF REPLACEH IS AN ATOM.');
      6 : WRITELN('1ST ARGUMENT OF REPLACET IS AN ATOM.');
      7 : WRITELN('ARGUMENT OF HEAD IS AN ATOM.');
      8 : WRITELN('ARGUMENT OF TAIL IS AN ATOM.');
      9 : WRITELN('1ST ARGUMENT OF APPEND IS NOT A LIST.');
      10 : WRITELN(' , OR ) EXPECTED IN CONCATENATE.');
      11 : WRITELN('END OF FILE ENCOUNTERED BEFORE A "FIN" CARD.');
      12 : WRITELN('LAMBDA OR LABEL EXPECTED.')
    END;
    IF NUMBERS IN [11] THEN GOTO 102 ELSE GOTO 101
  END;
PROCEDURE BACKINPUT;
  BEGIN
    ALREADYPEEKED := TRUE; LOOKAHEAD := SYM; SYM := LPAREN
  END;
PROCEDURE NEXTSYM;
  VAR I : INTEGER;
  BEGIN
    IF ALREADYPEEKED
    THEN BEGIN SYM := LOOKAHEADSYM; ALREADYPEEKED := FALSE END
    ELSE
      BEGIN
        WHILE CH = ' ' DO
          BEGIN IF EOLN THEN WRITELN; READ(CH);
          END;
        IF CH IN ['(','.',')']
        THEN
          BEGIN
            CASE CH OF
              '(': SYM := LPAREN;
              '.': SYM := PERIOD;
              ')': SYM := RPAREN;
            END;
            IF EOLN THEN WRITELN; READ(CH);
          END
        ELSE
          BEGIN
            SYM := ATOM; ID := '          '; I := 0;
            REPEAT
              I := I + 1; IF I<11 THEN ID[I] := CH;
              IF EOLN THEN WRITELN; READ(CH)
            UNTIL CH IN [' ','(','.',')'];
            RESWORD := RHSYM;
            WHILE (ID <> RESWORDS[RESWORD]) AND (RESWORD <> CONSSYM) DO
              RESWORD := SUCC(RESWORD);
            RESERVED := ID = RESWORDS[RESWORD]
          END
      END
  END;
PROCEDURE READEXPR(VAR SPTR : SYMBEXPPTR);
  VAR NXT : SYMBEXPPTR;
  BEGIN
    POP(SPTR); NXT := SPTR^.NEXT;
    CASE SYM OF
      RPAREN, PERIOD : ERROR(1);
      ATOM:
        WITH SPTR^ DO
          BEGIN
            ANATOM := TRUE; NAME := ID; ISARESERVEDWORD := RESERVED;
            IF RESERVED THEN RESSYM := RESWORD
          END;
      LPAREN:
        WITH SPTR^ DO
          BEGIN
            NEXTSYM;
            IF SYM = PERIOD THEN ERROR(2)
            ELSE
              IF SYM = RPAREN THEN SPTR^ := NILNODE
              ELSE
                BEGIN
                  ANATOM := FALSE; READEXPR(HEAD); NEXTSYM;
                  IF SYM = PERIOD
                  THEN
                    BEGIN
                      NEXTSYM; READEXPR(TAIL); NEXTSYM;
                      IF SYM <> RPAREN THEN ERROR(4)
                    END
                  ELSE
                    BEGIN
                      BACKINPUT; READEXPR(TAIL)
                    END
                END
          END
    END;
    SPTR^.NEXT := NXT
  END;
PROCEDURE PRINTNAME(VAR NAME : ALFA);
  VAR I : INTEGER;
  BEGIN
    I := 1;
    REPEAT
      WRITE(NAME[I]);
      I := I + 1;
    UNTIL (NAME[I] = ' ') OR (I = 11);
    WRITE(' ')
  END;
PROCEDURE PRINTEXPR(SPTR : SYMBEXPPTR);
  LABEL 103;
  BEGIN
    IF SPTR^.ANATOM THEN PRINTNAME(SPTR^.NAME)
    ELSE
      BEGIN
        WRITE('(');
     103: WITH SPTR^ DO
          BEGIN
            PRINTEXPR(HEAD);
            IF TAIL^.ANATOM AND (TAIL^.NAME = 'NIL       ')
            THEN WRITE(')')
            ELSE
              IF TAIL^.ANATOM
              THEN
                BEGIN WRITE('.');PRINTEXPR(TAIL); WRITE(')')  END
              ELSE BEGIN SPTR := TAIL; GOTO 103 END
          END
      END
END;
FUNCTION EVAL(E, ALIST : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
  VAR TEMP, CAROFE, CAAROFE : SYMBEXPPTR;
  FUNCTION REPLACEH(SPTR1, SPTR2 : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      IF SPTR1^.ANATOM THEN ERROR(5) ELSE SPTR1^.HEAD := SPTR2;
      REPLACEH := SPTR1
    END;
  FUNCTION REPLACET(SPTR1, SPTR2 : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      IF SPTR1^.ANATOM THEN ERROR(6) ELSE SPTR1^.TAIL := SPTR2;
      REPLACET := SPTR1
    END;
  FUNCTION HEAD(SPTR : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      IF SPTR^.ANATOM THEN ERROR(7) ELSE HEAD := SPTR^.HEAD
    END;
  FUNCTION TAIL(SPTR : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      IF SPTR^.ANATOM THEN ERROR(8) ELSE TAIL := SPTR^.TAIL
    END;
  FUNCTION CONS(SPTR1, SPTR2 : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    VAR TEMP : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      POP(TEMP); TEMP^.ANATOM := FALSE; TEMP^.HEAD := SPTR1;
      TEMP^.TAIL := SPTR2; CONS := TEMP;
    END;
  FUNCTION COPY(SPTR : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    VAR TEMP, NXT : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      IF SPTR^.ANATOM
      THEN
        BEGIN
          POP(TEMP); NXT := TEMP^.NEXT; TEMP := SPTR;
          TEMP^.NEXT := NXT; COPY := TEMP
        END
      ELSE COPY := CONS(COPY(SPTR^.HEAD),COPY(SPTR^.TAIL))
    END;
  FUNCTION APPEND(SPTR1, SPTR2 : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      IF SPTR1^.ANATOM
      THEN
        IF SPTR1^.NAME <> 'NIL       ' THEN ERROR(9)
        ELSE APPEND := SPTR2
      ELSE
        APPEND := CONS(COPY(SPTR1^.HEAD),APPEND(SPTR1^.TAIL,SPTR2))
    END;
  FUNCTION CONC(SPTR1 : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    VAR SPTR2, NILPTR : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      IF SYM <> RPAREN
      THEN
        BEGIN
          NEXTSYM; READEXPR(SPTR2); NEXTSYM;
          CONC := CONS(SPTR1,CONC(SPTR2));
        END
      ELSE
        IF SYM = RPAREN
        THEN
          BEGIN
            NEW(NILPTR);
            WITH NILPTR^ DO
              BEGIN ANATOM := TRUE; NAME := 'NIL       ' END;
            CONC := CONS(SPTR1, NILPTR)
          END
        ELSE ERROR(10)
    END;
  FUNCTION EQQ(SPTR1, SPTR2 : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    VAR TEMP, NXT : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      POP(TEMP); NXT := TEMP^.NEXT;
      IF SPTR1^.ANATOM AND SPTR2^.ANATOM
      THEN
        IF SPTR1^.NAME = SPTR2^.NAME THEN TEMP^ := TNODE
        ELSE TEMP^ := NILNODE
      ELSE
        IF SPTR1 = SPTR2 THEN TEMP^ := TNODE
        ELSE TEMP^ := NILNODE;
      TEMP^.NEXT := NXT; EQQ := TEMP
    END;
  FUNCTION ATOM(SPTR : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    VAR TEMP, NXT : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      POP(TEMP); NXT := TEMP^.NEXT;
      IF SPTR^.ANATOM THEN TEMP^ := TNODE ELSE TEMP^ := NILNODE;
      TEMP^.NEXT := NXT; ATOM := TEMP
    END;
  FUNCTION LOOKUP(KEY, ALIST : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    VAR TEMP : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      TEMP := EQQ(HEAD(HEAD(ALIST)),KEY);
      IF TEMP^.NAME = 'T         ' THEN LOOKUP := TAIL(HEAD(ALIST))
      ELSE LOOKUP := LOOKUP(KEY,TAIL(ALIST))
    END;
  FUNCTION BINDARGS(NAMES, VALUES : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    VAR TEMP, TEMP2 : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      IF NAMES^.ANATOM AND (NAMES^.NAME = 'NIL       ')
      THEN BINDARGS := ALIST
      ELSE
        BEGIN
          TEMP := CONS(HEAD(NAMES),EVAL(HEAD(VALUES),ALIST));
          TEMP2 := BINDARGS(TAIL(NAMES),TAIL(VALUES));
          BINDARGS := CONS(TEMP,TEMP2)
        END
    END;
  FUNCTION EVCON(CONDPAIRS : SYMBEXPPTR) : SYMBEXPPTR;
    VAR TEMP : SYMBEXPPTR;
    BEGIN
      TEMP := EVAL(HEAD(HEAD(CONDPAIRS)),ALIST);
      IF TEMP^.ANATOM AND (TEMP^.NAME = 'NIL       ')
      THEN EVCON := EVCON(TAIL(CONDPAIRS))
      ELSE EVCON := EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(HEAD(CONDPAIRS))),ALIST)
    END;
  BEGIN
    IF E^.ANATOM THEN EVAL := LOOKUP(E,ALIST)
    ELSE
      BEGIN
        CAROFE := HEAD(E);
        IF CAROFE^.ANATOM
        THEN
          IF NOT CAROFE^.ISARESERVEDWORD
          THEN
            EVAL := EVAL(CONS(LOOKUP(CAROFE,ALIST),TAIL(E)),ALIST)
          ELSE
            CASE CAROFE^.RESSYM OF
              LABELSYM, LAMBDASYM : ERROR(3);
              QUOTESYM : EVAL := HEAD(TAIL(E));
              ATOMSYM : EVAL := ATOM(EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(E)),ALIST));
              EQSYM : EVAL := EQQ(EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(E)),ALIST),EVAL(HEAD(
                   TAIL(TAIL(E))),ALIST));
              HEADSYM : EVAL := HEAD(EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(E)),ALIST));
              TAILSYM : EVAL := TAIL(EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(E)),ALIST));
              CONSSYM : EVAL := CONS(EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(E)),ALIST),
               EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(TAIL(E))),ALIST));
              CONDSYM : EVAL := EVCON(TAIL(E));
        APPENDSYM : EVAL := APPEND(EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(E)),ALIST),EVAL(HEAD(
               TAIL(TAIL(E))),ALIST))
            END
        ELSE
          BEGIN
            CAAROFE := HEAD(CAROFE);
            IF CAAROFE^.ANATOM AND CAAROFE^.ISARESERVEDWORD
            THEN
              IF NOT (CAAROFE^.RESSYM IN [LABELSYM, LAMBDASYM])
              THEN ERROR(12)
              ELSE
                CASE CAAROFE^.RESSYM OF
                  LABELSYM:
                    BEGIN
                      TEMP := CONS(CONS(HEAD(TAIL(CAROFE)),HEAD(TAIL(
                          TAIL(CAROFE)))),ALIST);
                      EVAL := EVAL(CONS(HEAD(TAIL(TAIL(CAROFE))),
                           TAIL(E)),TEMP)
                    END;
                  LAMBDASYM:
                    BEGIN
                      TEMP := BINDARGS(HEAD(TAIL(CAROFE)),TAIL(E));
                      EVAL := EVAL(HEAD(TAIL(TAIL(CAROFE))),TEMP)
                    END;
                END
              ELSE
                EVAL := EVAL(CONS(EVAL(CAROFE,ALIST),TAIL(E)),ALIST)
            END
          END
  END;
PROCEDURE INITIALIZE;
  VAR I : INTEGER;
  TEMP, NXT : SYMBEXPPTR;
  BEGIN
    ALREADYPEEKED := FALSE; READ(CH); NUMBEROFGCS := 0;
    FREENODES := MAXNODE;
    WITH NILNODE DO
      BEGIN
        ANATOM := TRUE; NEXT := NIL; NAME := 'NIL       ';
        STATUS := UNMARKED; ISARESERVEDWORD := FALSE
      END;
    WITH TNODE DO
      BEGIN
        ANATOM := TRUE; NEXT := NIL; NAME := 'T         ';
        STATUS := UNMARKED; ISARESERVEDWORD := FALSE
      END;
    FREELIST := NIL;
    FOR I := 1 TO MAXNODE DO
      BEGIN
        NEW(NODELIST); NODELIST^.NEXT := FREELIST;
        NODELIST^.HEAD := FREELIST; NODELIST^.STATUS := UNMARKED;
        FREELIST := NODELIST
      END;
    RESWORDS[RHSYM]     := 'REPLACEH  ';
    RESWORDS[RTSYM]     := 'REPLACET  ';
    RESWORDS[HEADSYM]   := 'CAR       ';
    RESWORDS[TAILSYM]   := 'CDR       ';
    RESWORDS[COPYSYM]   := 'COPY      ';
    RESWORDS[APPENDSYM] := 'APPEND    ';
    RESWORDS[CONCSYM]   := 'CONC      ';
    RESWORDS[CONSSYM]   := 'CONS      ';
    RESWORDS[EQSYM]     := 'EQ        ';
    RESWORDS[QUOTESYM]  := 'QUOTESYM  ';
    RESWORDS[ATOMSYM]   := 'ATOM      ';
    RESWORDS[CONDSYM]   := 'COND      ';
    RESWORDS[LABELSYM]  := 'LABEL     ';
    RESWORDS[LAMBDASYM] := 'LAMBDA    ';
    POP(ALIST); ALIST^.ANATOM := FALSE; ALIST^.STATUS := UNMARKED;
    POP(ALIST^.TAIL); NXT := ALIST^.TAIL^.NEXT;
    POP(ALIST^.HEAD);
    WITH ALIST^.HEAD^ DO
      BEGIN
        ANATOM := FALSE; STATUS := UNMARKED; POP(HEAD);
        NXT := HEAD^.NEXT; HEAD^ := NILNODE; HEAD^.NEXT := NXT;
        POP(TAIL); NXT := TAIL^.NEXT; TAIL^ := NILNODE;
        TAIL^.NEXT := NXT
      END;
    POP(TEMP); TEMP^.ANATOM := FALSE; TEMP^.STATUS := UNMARKED;
    TEMP^.TAIL := ALIST; ALIST := TEMP;
    POP(ALIST^.HEAD);
    WITH ALIST^.HEAD^ DO
      BEGIN
        ANATOM := FALSE; STATUS := UNMARKED; POP(HEAD);
        NXT := HEAD^.NEXT; HEAD^ := TNODE; HEAD^.NEXT := NXT;
        POP(TAIL); NXT := TAIL^.NEXT; TAIL^ := TNODE;
        TAIL^.NEXT := NXT
      END;
  END;
BEGIN
IOTRAP(FALSE);
  WRITELN(' * EVAL * '); INITIALIZE; NEXTSYM; READEXPR(PTR);
  READLN; WRITELN;
  WHILE NOT PTR^.ANATOM OR (PTR^.NAME <> 'FIN       ') DO
    BEGIN
      WRITELN; WRITELN(' * VALUE * ');
      PRINTEXPR(EVAL(PTR, ALIST));
 101: WRITELN; WRITELN; IF EOF THEN ERROR(11);
      PTR := NIL;
      GARBAGEMAN; WRITELN; WRITELN;
      WRITELN('EVAL'); NEXTSYM; READEXPR(PTR); READLN;
      WRITELN
    END;
102: WRITELN; WRITELN;
     WRITELN('TOTAL NUMBER OF GARBAGE COLLECTIONS = ',NUMBEROFGCS:1,
           '.');
     WRITELN;
     WRITELN('FREENODES LEFT UPON EXIT = ',FREENODES:1,'.');
     WRITELN
END.
          LODPIC.DOC : LOAD DOODLE     
              DOCUMENTATION            
              -------------            

     DOODLE! from City Software is a HI-
RES Graphics Utility for use with a    
joystick and disk drive.  It is supplied
on disk and includes printer drivers for
six of the most popular printers used  
with the Commodore 64 : Commodore 1525,
C.Itoh 8510, NEC 8023, most Epson, Star/
Gemini, and most Okidata with graphics.
     LOAD DOODLE is a quick utility for
loading and viewing HI-RES graphics pic-
tures on the 64 using device 8 disk.   
All DOODLE! picture files begin with the
letters DD and are prg files that load 
into memory from 23552 to 32767 decimal
(5C00 to 7FFF Hex).  It is easiest to  
load them in this area for viewing by  
absolute load : LOAD"DDFILE NAME",8,1 ;
or DOS 5.1  %DDFILE NAME.  To view you 
must then go into BIT MAP MODE and move
your VIDEO MATRIX BASE ADDRESS and VIC 
MEMORY CONTROLL BANK SELECT to point to
the 23552 to 32767 memory area.  This  
is done through three POKEs :          
POKE 53265,59 : POKE 53272,120         
POKE 56576,PEEK(56576)AND254           
... and to return scree	to normal ... 
POKE 53265,27 : POKE 53272,21          
POKE 56576,PEEK(56576)OR1              
Note : Extented color text is enabled. 
     The doodle is stored color map    
first, then bit map : color map 23552  
to 24568 and bit map 24576 to 32575 .  
Because these are all stored as prg    
files, all DOODLE! files are uploaded  
with the .IMG extention.  Remember when
downloading to start all pictures with 
file names beginning with DD : Example 
TAPEIO.IMG should be downloaded as     
DDTAPEIO or DDC	SETTE I/O.  Without   
the DD at the start of the file name,  
DOODLE! and the LOAD DOODLE (LODPIC.IMG)
will not accept the files!!!           
     That covers all I can think of    
relating to DOODLE! and LODPIC.IMG or  
LOAD DOODLE.  Address all comments to  
EMAIL 70726,1337 or BRIAN WALLACE on   
the CBM-64 Bulletin Board.             

              


DOCUMENTATION FOR LOGFILE v. 1.0a
(May be freely copied for personal or classroom use; other use requires
author permission)


1.0  Contents of This File

     1.1  Capsule Specifications
     1.2  Minimum equipment required
     1.3  Features
     2.1  First Words
     2.2  Program Overview
     3.0  Getting Started
     3.1  How Many Records?
     3.2  Connect-time Rates
     3.3  Choosing a Filename
     3.4  Use Code Option
     4.0  Adding Records
     5.0  Searching Records
     6.0  Report Generator
     6.1  Printer Support
     7.0  Program Crashes
     7.1  Killing Relative Files
     8.0  Translation to Other Computers
     9.0  Program Alterations

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.1  Capsule Specifications

File size:  720 records
Record length:  254 characters and spaces; present format is 33

Purpose:  To allow user to manage on-line connect times, uses, and
charges, while demonstrating the use of relative files and keylists.

1.2  Minimum equipment required:

     C-64 computer
     1540/1541 disk drive
     Printer optional

1.3  Features:

     Real-time clock display on main menu.
     Search keyfield using all relational operators--plus
range--reduced to alpha-character mnemonics (>= becomes GE).
     Sequential keylist retrieves relative file records, with good
execution speed.
     Keylist 'remembers' certain creation parameters, including date and
time of last update.
     Retrieved data is plugged into pre-defined screen for reading.
     Prepares report with totals; may be either displayed to screen or
printed.
     File status display from main menu of records used/available.
     Extensive input error-checking with entry restrictions.
     Modified 'get' statement with blinking cursor.
     Date & time string manipulation routines.
     Formal exit routine.
     User friendly and virtually transparent operation for
non-programmer.

2.1  First Words

     Several terms are used in this text file with which you should be
familiar.

FIELD:  A record 'blank space' reserved for an item of information.  In
relative files, the 1540/1541 disk operating system (DOS) dictates that
one may have any number of fields provided the total of field lengths and
separating characters or spaces does not exceed 254.

FILE:  The cabinet; not the manila folder.  In Logfile--indeed, in all
relative files--the user establishes a particular 'cabinet' into which he or
she proposes to put individual records.  The filename labels the 'cabinet.'

KEY:  The information stored in a keyfield.

KEYFIELD:  Normally the field into which the most important item of common
identification is entered, as, a customer name.  Ask yourself, 'By what
field would I usually file this record?'

KEYLIST:  A sequential file of all the individual-record keyfields.  In
Logfile, by counting the keyfield sequence, keyfield x corresponds to
relative record x.

RECORD:  Think medical records.  The individual file folder within the file
cabinet.  May be an empty folder, or may contain information.  Our cabinet
may contain up to 720 records.  Beyond that, we'll need another file cabinet.

SEARCH:  In Logfile, using a specified date, or range of dates, plus the
relational operators (=, <>, etc.) to attempt a match to an item in the
keylist.  If the match is successful, the key's position in the sequential
file dictates which corresponding full record is retrieved.


2.2  Program Overview

     Logfile is a relative file and keylist generator, for the C-64 and
1540/1541 disk system, formatted to keep track of on-line connect times and
charges.

     Some months ago, your humble author realized, with shock, that not
every computer owner is interested in programming.  Logfile attempts to shed
some light on what seems to be a neglected area of C-64/1541 literature,
the relative file.  Those few demonstration programs we have seen
appear to relegate their users to remembering record numbers, or to
relying on an exact and equal match with the field in question.  There is
no question that the equipment will support much more sophisticated
operations than these, but no one has taken the time to tell the beginning or
intermediate BASIC programmer how to proceed.

     Besides, BASIC is too slow for database management!  Well, how slow is
'too' slow?  We have the good fortune to own a commercial software package
for the above equipment that will locate and display a record within
three seconds, regardless of file size! Sure, it was written in machine
language, but it also uses keylists.  We submit that the keylist may be an
excellent tool even for a database program in BASIC.  Using a keylist,
Logfile's retrieval speed may even surprise you!


3.0  Getting Started

     If you plan to use Logfile for its pre-formatted purpose, all you need
do is load a working copy by entering the usual direct command, load
"filename",8.  Then run.  We strongly advise you to preserve a master copy,
and work from copies of that.

     After the initial screen, enter the date and time in the formats
specified.  This feature sets the main menu real-time clock and is further
used to date-and-time stamp your reports, as well as to record the date
of keylist updates.  The main menu display is your route to other features
of the program.

3.1  How Many Records?

     Before creating a new file, some thought should be given to the amount
of data you may already have, or will be generating.  For example, if you
merely access CompuServe three times each week to send and read EMAIL, and
want to keep track of your times and charges for a year, you will only need
to 'declare' 156 records for the file.  The major reason for doing things
this way is to increase search speed.  There is no need to declare a
maximum of 720 records in a particular file if you aren't going to use them.

3.2  Connect-time Rates

     Another option is how you wish Logfile to deal with connect-time
rates.  The program will accept and identify a constant rate, as, 06.00 for
$6 per hour.  It will also accept a variable rate that may change as you
build the file.  In the first case, you will not be prompted for the rate in
each record since you are telling the computer the rate will not change.  The
latter option asks for the rate in each record you enter.  The program will
'remember' which option you chose, for your next session with that file.

     A word of caution.  While eliminating all but letters, numbers,
and some punctuation, our modified 'get' statement will accept punctuation
other than the decimal point without error detection, as, the colon for time
strings.  The prompts will always tell you which separator or punctuation to
use.  In the rate case, any punctuation other than a decimal will scramble
later calculations.

3.3  Choosing a Filename

     Since you are already acquainted with a massive information service that
has a fetish for proper filenames, this should be easy.  Most often, the name
of the on-line service is adequate.  Be aware, however, that upper and lower
case are significant.  If you originally enter 'DowJonesNS,' and
later call for 'dowjonesns,' you'll get a 'file not found' error.  Logfile
limits you to a maximum of twelve characters and spaces, to have room for
its own automatic extensions.  The keylist will appear in your disk
directory as 'filename.key.'  The relative file will appear as
'filename.dat.'  This way, the pairs of matched filenames reflect their
purpose, and may co-exist on the same disk.  Do not add these extensions; let
the computer handle that for you.

     Logfile prompts you for a filename before executing any main menu
operation so that, in addition to providing some internal requirements,
you may choose, if you wish, another file.

     After the two files have been created, the only option is returning
to the main menu.  To verify that your files are on the disk, select the file
status display.

3.4  Use Code Option

     Before adding records to your newly-created file, determine which
personal use codes you may want to use.  The program allows three characters
for this.  For example, if you invested 00:17 minutes searching public access
for a discussion of keylists, ultimately downloading this text file,
the code might be 'acc' (for access), or 'dow' (for download).  Similarly,
the cb simulator might appear as 'cbs.'

4.0  Adding Records

     Upon choosing this menu item and calling for the file, the screen will
display a blank record, properly labelled with the filename, and advise
this is 'record nmbr: 1.'  Data entry is simple enough, with the aid of a
blinking cursor and specific prompts.  When one field is properly filled, the
cursor will move to the next.  If you elected to use a constant for the
connect time, this field will be filled by the computer (in light blue
characters on a color monitor or color tv).  The charge calculation is also
automatic, leaving the use code.  When this field is filled, the 'save'
prompt will flash.  You may save the record, delete the record, or quit the
add mode, as you prefer.  Pressing 's' or 'S,' and that letter only will save
the record.  Following a successful save, a new prompt will appear in the
command area under the record format, 'SPC enter next.'  Press the space bar
to display the next blank record, and continue as before.

5.0  Searching Records

     If this program has any real power, it surfaces here.  After calling
for the file, you are given the option of searching by record number (nothing
more than specifying a specific record for retrieval), or searching by our
pre-designated keyfield.  Of the fields in Logfile's present format, only the
date made any sense as a keyfield, although another is possible with a few
modifications.  Similarly, a sort routine was not included since your
records will most likely be entered sequentially by date, in effect
pre-sorting the file.  Selecting the key option displays the available
search relational operators.

     We have elected to use FORTRAN-like mnemonics for these
operators intead of the usual symbols, to add to our user-friendly image.
The object here is to apply a relationship test to the sought-for key.
The proposed key may or may not exist; hence, the search facility.

     For example, suppose that in combating lonliness (for whatever
reason), you remember spending a lot of time on the cb simulator between the
time your cat died, and Christmas day.  The cat expired about mid-November.
Therefore, you need to retrieve all records between 84/11/15 and 84/12/25.
This is a 'range' relationship.  Enter 'rg' or 'RG' (case inversion is never
significant in Logfile commands).

     We have, however, used little error-checking with the standard input
statement.  If the program doesn't recognize your input (say you entered
'rn'), the computer will simply sail through your keylist, searching for an
impossible relationship, to 'end of keylist: no match found'.  Press 's' to
try again.

     The program will prompt for the lowest key in the range, and then the
highest key, and then retrieve the first record in the range, if one
exists, and display it for reading.  Press 'n' to read the next record in
the range.

6.0  Report Generator

     More useful, perhaps, is displaying to the screen, or printing
hardcopy of, the results of your search.  Rather than reading individual
records, this main menu option totals the time and charge columns below
fields of all the records that comprise that particular report.  You may also
prepare a report of all the records in the file, if you wish.  Display or
print 'selected records' on the secondary 'Report Option Menu' searches
for specific records.

6.1  Printer Support

     Logfile assumes a Commodore MPS-801 printer, and sets the printer
secondary address to '7' (cursor down or 'business mode,' upper and lower
case) in line 1545 of the program.  If this is incompatible with your
printer, first determine the proper secondary address for upper and lower case
(try the instruction book), and change the final digit in the program line in
question.  Non-CBM printers may require other measures.

7.0  Program Crashes

     Although Logfile devotes altogether too many blocks to
error-checking and recovery, it is possible to crash the program.  In the
event you get a BASIC error message during a read/write operation, and the
activity light on your disk drive remains steady red, followed by 'ready'
and a blinking cursor, enter in direct mode, 'close5:close2:close1.'  If your
position in the program has involved printer operations, add 'close7' to the
above line.  The red light should go out, and your open files should be
properly closed.

7.1  Killing Relative Files

     If, for any reason, you need to scratch a relative file from your disk
(outside of the Logfile environment), you may not use the save with replace
command '@0:.'  The file must be scratched using 'S0:.'

8.0  Translation to Other Computers

     The limitations of v. 2.0 BASIC have dictated that Logfile use over 14K
to get in all the error checking routines and screen format.  A better
programmer could and should shave this somewhat.  The same programmer could
doubtless accomplish the same ideas on, say, the Mod 100 in 8K or less, given
a disk drive, particularly with a little help from 'on error goto' and 'print
@.'  Did you hear that, Commodore?

     The only major routine in Logfile using machine-specific addresses is the
blinking cursor with 'get,' and a peek to return the physical line number of
the cursor in the report display routine.  CBM-specific syntax, of
course, is used in dealing with the disk drive, although all systems have
an equivalent.  Cosmetics may be ignored.

9.0  Program Alterations

     Serious modifications to Logfile could only be dictated by the condition
of having more time than software money, or a serious interest in
programming.  We readily concede that a number of commercial database programs
will do the job faster and better, with many more features.

     For this reason, we cannot justify uploading a much longer series of text
files telling one what to do and how to do it, without an invitation from a
sig sysop, and some positive feedback from actual users.

     Following our sometimes convoluted logic, however, and multiple passes
through main routines from all four corners, may prove to be more than all
but the most dedicated can endure.

     In the meantime, these detailed instructions are available on disk for
the now traditional copy fee of $3, plus a blank formatted disk, and
self-addressed stamped disk mailer.  Please specify preference of text
format: Speedscript document, 
                , or true ASCII.

     If you find bugs, or run into modification snags, use EMAIL.  We'll
send an advance thank you for bug swatting, and a prompt response on other
matters.


Mike Davidson  74116,2507
11845-5th Ave S
Seattle, WA  98168

                                    
 LPT2HR (c) 1986 by Chrisdos. All rights reserved.
 
 Ver 1.0

LPT2HR will allow the C64 to read in and convert a standard Line Printer picture
file to a High Resolution screen, and to a Doodle disk file.

 All that is required is that you have the Seq lineprinter text file on disk.
Instead of printing the data to a printer, LPR2HR will print it to the
hires screen.

Simply load and run LPT2HR. You will see the opening screen, and will be 
prompted for the name of the file to read in.
(If you make a mistake and enter an invalid file name, hit RUN/STOP/RESTORE
and rerun the program.)

After entering the file name, LPT2HR will read the data and build a table of
the ASCII characters it finds in the file. You are then required to indicate
if each character is to be black or white.
The characters will display on the top of the screen (LPT2HR spports up to 40
different characters in a file.) and you will see an up arrow under the first.
The first character is allways a <SPACE>, you then press the <SPACE BAR> if
you wish SPACE characters in the file the be translated to WHITE, or you may
press <*> if you wish that character to be translat	 to BLACK.
The up arrow will then move to the next character in the line, and you repeat
the process. After the last character is defined, the picture will draw on the
screen.

If you wish to redefine the translations, press <F1> and you will be prompted
again for a new set. The image will then be redrawn using the new translation.

To EXIT the program press <RETURN>.
To produce a DOODLE image file from the screen, press <+> for a positive
dump or <-> for a negitive dump.
You will be prompted for a filena	. Don't forget to add the prefix "DD" to
the name.

Notes:
 LPR2HR uses black as the background color, and white as the forground color.
The screen is cleared by SETTING all pixels. Black lines are drawn by resetting
the pixels required. A Positive Doodle dump produces set pixels white.
A Negative Doodle dump produces set pixels black.


Any questions or comments about this program may be directed to SYSOP in the
CBIG SIG. (go CBIG on CompuServ.) 
 -Chrisdos [76703,717]
LITTLE RED READER  Version 2.00  [March 8, 1994]

MS-DOS file reader/writer for the C128 and 1571/81/FD drives.

by Craig Bruce  (csbruce@neumann.uwaterloo.ca)

This program has been improved over version 1.00 to read and write High Density
MS-DOS disks on the CMD FD-2000 and FD-4000 disk drives.  Just select drive
type "1581" for using these drives.  Since the new version has greater memory
requirements, after starting up "ramdos" (if you use it) you will have to
execute the "graphic clr" BASIC command.

1. INTRODUCTION

This article presents a program that reads and writes MS-DOS files and the
root directory of MS-DOS disks.  The program copies only from drive to drive
without buffering file data internally.  This is simpler and imposes no limits
on the size of the files transferred, although it requires the use of two disk
drives (or a logical drive).  The user-interface code is written in BASIC and
presents a full-screen file selection menu.  The grunt-work code is written in
assembly language and operates at maximum velosity.

The program also allows MS-DOS files to be deleted and to allows the copying of
Commodore-DOS files between CBM-DOS disks (this makes it more convenient to
use the program with a temporary logical drive like RAMDOS).  Also, since I
have a CMD FD-4000 floppy disk drive, I know that this program works with
MS-DOS disks with this drive (for both the 720K and 1.44M MS-DOS formats).
The FD disk drives are logically referred to below as being the 1581.

The Burst Command Instruction Set of the 1571/81 is used to read the MS-DOS
disk blocks and the standard kernel routines are used for outputting the
data.  (I am an operating systems specialist, so I call it a kernEl!)  Thus,
the MS-DOS files must be read from a 1571 or 1581 disk drive, but the output
device may be any disk drive type, the screen or a printer, or a virtual drive
type such as RAMLink, RAMDrive, or RAMDOS (for the REU).  It is interesting to
note that the data can be read in from an MS-DOS disk faster than it can be
written out to a 1571, 1581, or even a RAMDOS file.  A RAMLink can swallow the
data only slightly faster than it can be read.

Little Red Reader (LRR) supports double density 3.5" disks formatted with 80
tracks, 9 sectors per track, and 2 sides with a 1581 and 5.25" double density
disks formatted with 40 tracks, 9 sectors per track, and 2 sides with a 1571,
and now, high density 3.5" disks formatted with 80 tracks, 18 sectors per
track, 2 sides, and a "12-bit FAT".  A limit of 224 directory entries and 9
File Allocation Table (FAT) sectors is imposed.  There must be 2 copies of the
FAT and the cluster size may be 1 or 2 sectors.  The sector size must be 512
bytes.

The program runs on either the 40 or 80-column screens, but you will get
much better performance from the BASIC portion of the program by being
in 80-column mode and FAST mode.  A modification that someone might want
to make would be to spread-out the display for the 80-column screen and add
color to the rather bland display.

Oh, about the name.  It is a play on the name of another MS-DOS file copier
available for the C-128.  "Little" means that it is smaller in scope than the
other program, and "Red" is a different primary color to avoid any legal
complications.  It is also the non-white color of the flag of the country of
origin of this program (no, I am not Japanese).  Also, this program is Public
Domain Software, as is all software I develop for 8-bit Commodore Computers.
Feel free to E-mail me if you have questions or comments about this article.

2. USER GUIDE

LOAD and RUN the "lrr.128" BASIC program file.  When the program is first run,
it will display an "initializing" message and will load in the binary machine
language package from the "current" Commodore DOS drive (the current drive is
obtained from PEEK(186) - the last device accessed).  The binary package is
loaded only on the first run and is not reloaded on subsequent runs if the
package ID field is in place.

The system is designed to have two file selection menus: one for the MS-DOS
disk drive, and one for the Commodore-DOS disk drive (which may be a logical
disk drive).  The idea for copying is that you select the files in one of
these menus, and then program knows to copy them to the disk for the other
menu.

2.1. MS-DOS MENU

The main screen of the program is then displayed.  The main screen of the
program will look something like this:

   MS-DEV=9    MS-TYPE=1581    CBM-DEV=8

   NUM  S  TRN  TYP  FILENAME  EXT  LENGTH
   ---  -  ---  ---  --------  ---  ------
     1  *  ASC  SEQ  HACK4     TXT  120732
     2     BIN  PRG  RAMDOS    SFX   34923

   D=DIRECTORY  M=MS-DEV  F=CBM-DEV Q=QUIT
   T=TOGGLE-COLUMN, C=COPY-FILES, +/- PAGE

except that immediately after starting up, "<directory not loaded>" will be
displayed rather than filenames.  The "MS-DEV" and "MS-TYPE" fields give the
device number and type of the drive containing the MS-DOS disk to copy from,
and the "CBM-DEV" gives the device number of the drive/virtual drive/character
device to copy file data to.  The number of bytes free on the drive are also
displayed (which is useful to know when writing files) and there are some more
commands.

Information about all MS-DOS files in the root directory of the MS-DOS disk is
displayed in columns below the drive information.  "NUM" gives the number of
the MS-DOS file in the directory listing, and "S" indicates whether the file
is "selected" or not.  If the file is selected, an asterisk (*) is displayed;
otherwise, a blank is displayed.  When you later enter Copy Mode, only the
files that have been "selected" are copied.

The "TRN" field indicates the character translation scheme to be used when the
file is copied.  A value of "BIN" (binary) means no translation and a value of
"ASC" (ascii) means the file characters are to be translated from MS-DOS ASCII
(or "ASCII-CrLf") to PETSCII.  The "TYP" field indicates the type of
Commodore-DOS file to create for writing the MS-DOS file contents into.  The
possible values are "SEQ" (sequential) and "PRG" (program).  The values of the
TRN and TYP fileds are set independently, so you can copy binary data to SEQ
files and ascii data to PRG files if you wish.

The "FILENAME" and "EXT" fields give the filename and extension type of the
MS-DOS files and "LENGTH" gives the exact length of the files in bytes.  Note
that if you perform "ASC" translation on a file, its PETSCII version will have
a shorter length.

2.2. USER COMMANDS

The bottom of the screen gives the command summary.  After starting the
program, you will want to setup the MS-DOS and CBM-DOS drives with the "M" and
"F" commands.  Simply press the (letter) key corresponding to the command
name to activate the command.  Pressing M will prompt you for the MS-DOS Drive
Number and the MS-DOS Drive Type.  In both cases, type the number and press
RETURN.  (Sorry for insulting all non-novices out there, but I want to be
complete).  The MS-DOS drive number cannot be the same as the CBM-DOS drive
number (since the program copies from drive-to-drive without internal
buffering).  For the drive type, enter an "8", "81", or "1581" for a 1581
drive or anything else for a 1571 drive.

Pressing F will prompt you for the CBM-DOS device number.  You may enter a
number from 0 to 30, except that it must not be the MS-DOS drive number.
Enter a "1" for Cassette Drive (God forbid!), a "3" for the screen, a "4" for
the printer (with an automatic secondary address of 7 (lowercase)), any number
above 7 for a Commodore disk drive or special virtual drive, or a value of "0"
for the special "null" drive.  A CBM-DEV value of 0 will case the program to
read MS-DOS files and do nothing with the output.  You can use this feature to
check out the raw reading speed of the program.

After setting up the drives, press D to read in the root directory off the
MS-DOS disk.  The data will come blazing in from the disk but BASIC will take
its good ole time sifting through it.  Filenames are displayed on the screen
as they are scanned in.  The program will (eventually) return to the main
screen and display the formatted file information.  One note: the process of
logging in a 1581 MS-DOS disk takes about 12 seconds (on my 1581, anyway), so
be patient.  An MS-DOS disk will have to be "logged in" every time you change
MS-DOS disks.  (Disks are logged in automatically).

A couple of notes about accessing MS-DOS disks: don't try to access a device
that is not present because the machine language routines cannot handle this
error for some reason and will lock up, requiring a STOP+RESTORE.  Also, make
sure that an actual MS-DOS disk is loaded into the drive.  If you accidentally
place Commodore-DOS disk into the MS-DOS drive, the 1581 will report an
invalid boot parameters error (#60), but a 1571 will lock up (since I don't
check the sector size and my burst routines are expecting 512 bytes to come
out of a sector whereas Commodore disks have only 256 bytes per sector).

Now you are ready to pick what files you want copied and how you want them
copied.  You will notice that a "cursor" appears in the "S" column of the
first file.  You may move the cursor around with the cursor keys: UP, DOWN,
LEFT, RIGHT, HOME, and CLR.  CLR (SHIFT-HOME) will move the cursor back to the
first file on the first screen.  You can move the cursor among the select,
translation, and file-type columns of all the files.  Pressing a SPACE or a
RETURN will toggle the value of the field that the cursor is on.  To toggle
all of the values of the "cursor" column (including files on all other
screens), press T.  You will notice that moving the cursor around and toggling
fields is a bit sluggish, especially if you are in Slow mode on the 40-column
screen.  Did I mention that this program will run on either the 40 or
80-column screen?  Toggling an entire column can take a couple of seconds.

If there are more than 18 MS-DOS files, you can press the "+" and "-" keys to
move among all of the screens of files.  The cursor movement keys will wrap
around on the current screen.  "+" is page forward, and "-" is page backward.
The screens wrap around too.

After you have selected all of the files you want to copy and their translation
and file-type fields have been set, press the C key to go into Copy Mode (next
section).  After copying, you are returned to the main screen with all of the
field settings still intact.  To exit from the program, press Q.

Additional commands are: "R" (remove == delete), "/" (change menu), and "X"
(copy CBM files == "Xerox").
The remove command is used to delete selected files from the MS-DOS disk.
After selecting this option, you will get an annoying "are you sure" question
and the the selected files will quickly disappear and the changes will finally
be written to disk.  Deleting a batch of MS-DOS files is much quicker than
deleting Commodore-DOS files since MS-DOS disks use a File Allocation Table
rather than the linked list of blocks organization that CBM uses.  In order to
make the BASIC program execute quicker, after deleting, the original order of
the filenames in the directory listing will be changed.  Be forewarned that
the delete operation is non-recoverable.

The change menu command is used to move back and forth between the Commodore-
DOS and MS-DOS menus.

2.3. COPYING MS-DOS TO CBM-DOS

When you enter copy mode, the screen will clear and the name of each selected
file is displayed as it is being copied.  If an error is encountered on either
the MS-DOS or CBM-DOS drive during copying, an error message will be displayed
and copying will continue (after you press a key for MS-DOS errors).

To generate a CBM-DOS filename from an MS-DOS filename, the eight filename
characters are taken (including spaces) and a dot (.) and the three characters
of the extension are appended.  Then, all spaces are removed, and if the name
ends with a dot (.) character, then that dot character is removed as well.  I
think this is fairly reasonable.

If there already is a file with the same filename on the CBM-DOS disk, then
you will be prompted if you want to overwrite the file or not.  Entering an
"n" will abort the copying of that file and go on to the next file, and
entering a "y" (or anything else) will cause the CBM-DOS file to be
"scratched" and then re-written.

The physical copying of the file is done completely in machine language and
nothing is displayed on the screen while this is happening, but you can follow
things by looking at das blinkin lichtes and listening for clicks and grinds.
You will probably be surprised by the MS-DOS file reading speed (I mean in a
good way).  The disk data is read in whole tracks and cached in memory and the
directory information and the FAT are retained in memory as well.  The result
is that minimal time is spent reading disk data, and no costly seeks are
required for opening a new MS-DOS file.  A result is that small files are
copied one after another very quickly.  You will have to wait, however, on the
relatively slow standard kernel/Commodore-DOS file writing.

A few changes had to be made to the program to accomodate the RAMDOS program.
RAMDOS uses memory from $2300 to $3FFF of RAM0, which is not really a good
place for a device driver, and it uses some of the zero-page locations that I
wanted to use.  But, difficulties were overcome.  The importance of RAMDOS
compatibility is that if you only have one disk drive but you have an REU, you
can use RAMDOS to store the MS-DOS files temporarily.  If you only have one
disk drive and no REU, you are SOL (Out of Luck) unless you can get a
RamDisk-type program for an unexpanded 128.  The RAMDOS program is available
from FTP site "ccosun.caltech.edu" in file "/pub/rknop/util128/ramdosii.sfx".
One note I found out about RAMDOS: you cannot use a

DOPEN#1,(CF$),U(CD),W

with it like you are supposed to be able to; you have to use a

DOPEN#1,(CF$+",W"),U(CD)

Here is a table of copying speeds for copying from 1571s and 1581s with ASC
and BIN translation modes.  All figures are in bytes/second.  These results
were obtained from copying a 127,280 byte text file (the text of C= Hacking
Issue #3).

   FROM  \ TO: "null"     RAMLink     RAMDOS     JD1581     JD1571
   -------+    ------     -------     ------     ------     ------
   81-bin |      5772        3441       2146        n/a        644
   81-asc |      5772        3434       2164        n/a        661
   71-bin |      4323        2991       1949       1821        n/a
   71-asc |      4323        2982       1962       1847        n/a

The "null" device is that "0" CBM-DOS device number, and a couple of entries
are "n/a" since I only have one 1571 and one 1581.  Note that my 71 and 81 are
JiffyDOS-ified, so the performance of a stock 71/81 will be poorer.  JiffyDOS
gives about a 2x performance improvement for the standard file accessing calls
(open, close, chrin, chrout).  RAMDOS doesn't seem to be as snappy as you
might think.

The "null" figures are quite impressive, but the raw sector reading speed
without the overhead of mucking around with file organization is 6700
bytes/sec for a 1581 and 4600 B/s for a 71.  The reason that the 1571 operates
so quickly is that I use a sector interleave of 4 (which is optimal) for
reading the tracks.  I think that other MS-DOS file copier program uses an
interleave of 1 (which is not optimal).  I lose some of the raw performance
because I copy the file data internally once before outputting it (to simplify
some of the code).

In a couple of places you will notice that ASC translation gives slightly
better or slightly worse performance than BIN.  This is because although
slightly more work is required to translate the characters, slightly fewer
characters will have to be written to the CBM-DOS file, since PETSCII uses
only CR where MS-DOS ASCII uses CR and LF to represent end-of-line.
Translation is done by using a table (that you can change if you wish).  Many
entries in this table contain a value of zero, which means that no character
will be output on translation.  Most of the control characters and all of the
characters of value 128 (0x80) or greater are thrown away on being
translated.  The table is set up so that CR characters are thrown away and the
LF character is translated to a CBM-DOS CR character.  Thus, both MS-DOS ASCII
files and UNIX ASCII files can be translated correctly.

2.4. COMMODORE-DOS MENU

The Commodore-DOS menu, which displays the names of the Commodore files
selected for various operations, looks and works pretty much the same as
the MS-DOS menu:

   CBMDOS  MS=10:1581  CBM=8  FREE=3211476

   NUM  S  TRN  FILENAME         T  LENGTH
   ---  -  ---  ---------------- -  ------
     1  *  BIN  LRR-128          P    9876
     2     ASC  COM-HACKING-005  S  175412

   D=DIR M=MSDEV F=CBMDEV C=COPY Q=QUIT
   T=TOGGLE R=REMOVE X=CBMCPY /=MENU +-=PG

You'll notice, however, that the filetype field ("T" here) is moved and is
unchangable.  Also, the file lengths are not exact; they are reported as the
block count of the file multiplied by 254.  This menu is not maintained for
files being copied to the CBM-DOS disk from an MS-DOS disk.  You'll
have to re-execute the Directory instruction to get an updated listing.

The "D" (directory) command has local effect when in this menu.  The
Commodore-DOS directory will be loaded from the current CBM device number.
Note that in order for this to work, the CBM device must be number eight
or greater (a disk drive).  Originally, the subroutine for this command was
written using only GET#'s from the disk and was very slow.  It was modified,
however, to call a machine language subroutine to read the information for
a directory entry from the directory listing, and hence the subroutine now
operates at a tolerable speed.

The "C" (copy) command also has a different meaning when in this menu.  It
means to copy the selected CBM files to the MS-DOS disk.  See details below.

The copy CBM files ("X") command is used to copy the files in the CBM-DOS menu
to another CBM-DOS disk unit.  Select the files you want to copy and then
press X.  You will then be asked what device number you want to copy the files
to.  The device can be another disk drive or any other device (except the
keyboard).  Using device number 0 does not mean the "null" device as it does
with copying MS-DOS to CBM.  If you are copying to a disk device and the file
already exists, then you will be asked if you wish to overwrite the file.  You
cannot copy to the same disk unit.  Also, all files are copied in binary mode
(regardless of what translation you have selected for a file).

The copy CBM files command was included since all of the low-level gear
needed to implement it (specifically "commieIn" and "commieOut" below) was
also required by other functions.  This command can be very convenient when
working with RAMDOS.  For example, if you only had a 1571 as device 8 but you
have a RAM expander and have installed RAMDOS as device 9, then you would
copy MS-DOS files to RAMDOS using the MS-DOS menu, and then you would go to
the Commodore-DOS menu ("/"), read the directory, select all files, insert an
Commodore-DOS diskette into your 1571, and then use "X" to copy from the
RAMDOS device to the 1571.

The remove command ("R") does not work for this directory.  You can SCRATCH
your CBM-DOS files your damn self.

2.5. COPY CBM-DOS TO MS-DOS

Before you can copy selected CBM-DOS files to an MS-DOS disk, the MS-DOS disk
directory must be already loaded (from the MS-DOS menu).  This is required
since the directory and FAT information are kept in memory at all times during
the execution of this program.

When you enter copy mode, the screen will clear and the name of each selected
file is displayed as it is being copied.  If an error is encountered on either
the MS-DOS or CBM-DOS drive during copying, an error message will be displayed
and copying will continue (after you press a key for MS-DOS errors).  Please
note that not a whole lot of effort was put into error recovery.

To generate an MS-DOS filename from an CBM-DOS filename, the following
algorithm is used.  The filename is searched from right to left for the last
"." character.  If there is no "." character, then the entire filename, up to
11 characters, is used as the MS-DOS filename.  Characters 9 to 11 will be
used as the extension.  If there is a "." character, the all characters before
it, up to eight, will be used as the MS-DOS filename and all characters after
the final ".", up to three, will be used as the MS-DOS extension.

Then, the newly generated MS-DOS filename is scanned for any extra "."
characters or embedded spaces.  If any are found, they are replaced by the
underscore character ("_", which is the backarrow character on a Commodore
display).  Finally, all trailing underscores are removed from the end of both
the filename and extension portions of the MS-DOS filename.  Also, all
characters are converted to lowercase PETSCII (which is uppercase ASCII) when
they are copied into the MS-DOS filename.  Note that if the Commodore filename
is not in the 8/3 format of MS-DOS, then something in the name may be lost.
Some examples of filename conversion follow:

CBM-DOS FILENAME       MS-DOS FILENAME
----------------       ---------------
"lrr.bin"              "lrr.bin"
"lrr.128.bin"          "lrr_128.bin"
"hello there.text"     "hello_th.tex"
"long_filename"        "long_fil.ena"
"file 1..3.s__5"       "file_1.s"

It would have been time-consuming to have the program scan the MS-DOS
directory for a filename already existing on the disk, so LRR will put
multiple files on a disk with the same filename without complaining.  This
also gets rid of the problem of asking you if you want to overwrite the old
file or generate a new name.  However, in order to retrieve the file from
disk on an MS-DOS machine, you will probably have to use the RENAME command to
rename the first versions of the file on the disk to something else so MS-DOS
will scan further in the directory for the last version of the file with the
same filename.  There is no rename command in LRR because I never thought of
it in time.  It would have been fairly easy to put in.

The date generated for a new MS-DOS file will be all zeros.  Some systems
interpret this as 12:00 am, 01-Jan-80 and others don't display a date at all
for this value.

The physical copying of the file is done completely in machine language and
nothing is displayed on the screen while this is happening, but you can follow
things by looking at the blinking lights and listening for clicks and grinds.

Since the FAT and directory are maintained in RAM during the entire copying
process and are only flushed to disk after the entire batch of files are
copied, copying is made more efficient, since there will be no costly seek
back to track 0 after writing each file (like MS-DOS does).  If you have a
number of small files to copy, then they will be knocked off in quick
succession, faster than many MS-DOS machines will copy them.

To simplify the implementation, the current track of disk blocks for writing
is not maintained like it is for reading.  Also, a writing interleave of 1:1
is used for a 1571, which is not optimal.  However, since writing is such a
slow operation anyway, and since the 1571 is particularly bad by insisting on
verifying blocks, not much more overhead is introduced than is already
present.

An interesting note about writing MS-DOS disks is that you can terminate LRR
in the middle of a copy (with STOP+RESTORE) or in the middle of copying a
batch of files, and the MS-DOS disk will remain in a perfectly consistent
state afterwards.  The state will be as if none of the files were copied.  The
reason is that the control information (the FAT and directory) is maintained
internally and is flushed only after copying is all completed.  But don't
terminate LRR while it is flushing the control information.

Here is a table of copying speeds for copying to 1571, 1581, and CMD FD-4000
disk units with ASC and BIN translation modes.  All figures are in bytes/
second, which includes both reading the byte from a C= disk and writing it to
the MS-DOS disk.  The average speed for either the read or write operation
individually will be twice the speed given below.  These results were obtained
from copying a 156,273 byte text file (the text of C= Hacking Issue #4).

   FROM   \ TO: FD-bin     FD-asc     81-bin     81-asc     71-bin     71-asc
   --------+    ------     ------     ------     ------     ------     ------
   RAMLink |     2,332      2,200      2,332      2,200      1,594      1,559
   RAMDOS  |     1,070      1,053      1,604      1,600      1,561      1,510
   FD4000  |         -          -      1,645      1,597      1,499      1,464
   JD1581  |     1,662      1,619          -          -      1,474      1,440
   JD1571  |     1,050      1,024        953        933          -          -

These figures are for transfer speed only, not counting the couple of seconds
of opening files and flushing the directory.  Note that all my physical drives
are JiffyDOS-ified, so your performance may be slower.  I am at a loss to
explain why an FD-4000 is so much slower than a 1581 for copying from a
RAMDOS file, but the same speed or better for copying from anything else.

---------------------------------------------------------End-of--LRR200.DOC---
                ACCESSING AN IBM MAINFRAME FROM YOUR COMMODORE


   About a year ago, the IBM mainframe shop I work at added facilities for
remote access, so we Systems Programmers could respond to problems off-shift,
without the delay required for us to physically arrive on-site.  While they
provided IBM 3151 terminals and 1200 bps modems for that purpose, I chose not
to take one, and to use my C128 instead.  While this file is intended for 128
owners, 64 owners can also successfully use these techniques, though they'll
need a different program to do so.

   IBM mainframe computers don't use ASCII.  Instead they use their own
encoding scheme, called EBCDIC.  Nobody knows why.  In order to support ASCII
terminals, a "protocol converter" is used.  This is a piece of hardware that
converts the mainframe's synchronous EBCDIC protocol to the asynchronous ASCII
you'll be using, and visa-versa.
   The protocol converter that I'm familiar with is the 3708.  It's the
standard device at this time.  It supports a wide variety of ASCII terminals.
It does not support the Commodore 128, but don't worry.  The 128 isn't a
terminal, it's a computer, and that gives you a freedom not found on any dumb
terminal.
   The first thing you need to do is determine which terminals are supported
by the 3708 you'll be dialing into, in particular, whether it supports the DEC
VT-100.  This is one of the most popular ASCII terminals.  I've never heard of
a 3708 that wasn't configured to support the VT-100, but do make sure.
   While you're talking to the communications people at the mainframe end,
there are two more things you'll need.  First you'll need to know the
"communications parameters" they use.  This consists of three pieces of
information:  The number of data bits, the parity, and the number of stop
bits.  At my shop, we use 7 data bits, Even parity, and 1 stop bit, but
this is by no means universal.  The other thing you'll need from them is a
terminal keyboard map for a VT-100.  This can be found in the appendices of
the 3708 manual.  You need this to know what keystrokes are required to
emulate the 327x PF keys, and other keys that aren't on your Commodore. If you
want to impress these communications people, be sure to refer to the
transmission speed in "bps" (bits per second), not "baud."  (The numbers are
the same.)  They like that sort of thing.  Nobody knows why.
   If the 3708 does support VT-100, you must now find a way to make your
Commodore behave like a VT-100.  The program to do this is called a "terminal
emulator."  A very nice VT-100 emulator for the 128 can be found in two pieces
in LIB 14 of CBMCOM.  The first part, VT100D.SDA, contains the documentation,
and the second, VT100P.SDA, contains the program files.  If new versions are
released, these names may change, so you'll want to check with the Sysops
to be sure you get the most current versions.  Assuming there have been no
changes, just download the two files as PRG files, and RUN them in 128 mode.
They'll automatically "dissolve" into their component parts.  Read the
documentation.
   Now, find the paper where you wrote down the "communications parameters,"
and configure your terminal emulator for those parameters.  3708s are as
touchy about these parameters as communications people are about baud and bps.
   With all this set up, you can now dial your remote access number.  When you
get a CONNECT, hit RETURN, and you should see the first menu, where you
get to choose what type of terminal you're using.  Pick the choice for VT-100,
and you should be on your way.
   Note that if you use a remote access security package, you may have to go
thru some extra steps somewhere along the line.  The security package we use
requires entering a special access code before selecting the terminal type.
You'll have to get that information from your communications or security
people.
   When you do get connected, be aware you'll run into one problem.  It's
not unique to the VT-100 emulator you're using, or to Commodore.  I've used
a VT-100 emulator on a portable IBM clone that displayed the exact same
annoying characteristic.  If the very last character of the very last line
isn't a blank, your screen will scroll up one line.  The mainframe doesn't
know that this happened, so the line it thinks you're working on isn't the
one you think.  As long as you're aware of the problem, you can work around
it, by doing whatever you have to do to get a fresh screen.  If you're using
ISPF, PF2 on the top line, to force a screen split, then repeat, to get back
to your original screen.
   Another annoyance that's not unique to you is transmission speed.  If you're
used to a locally-connected 327x device, 1200 (or even 2400) bps is going to
be maddeningly slow.  You can help matters, though.  The 3708 will only send
you those portions of the screen that have changed.  Again, if you're using
ISPF, you can split the screen to the very minimum you need to do your work.
By keeping the working screen size down, you'll minimize the amount of
changed data that you must receive.
   Once you've got this all working, you too can grin that special grin that
comes when someone asks you what kind of PC you use to access the system,
and you can tell them, "Commodore."  It's best to say it in a very flat voice,
with a very deadpan expression, as though this is the most natural thing in
the world.  You know why.



Ed Flinn
12/12/89
THIS TEXT FILE GIVES THE IDENTIFICATION OF ALL OF THE KEYS USED FOR THE       
FIGURES IN THE MAP1FG.BIN AND MAP2FG.BIN FILES ALONG WITH THE MEANING OF THE  
 ASSOCIATED SYMBOLS. THE KEYS ARE USED AS FOLLOWS WHERE INDICATED -           

   A   --> PRESS KEY "A"                                                      
   SA  --> PRESS SHIFT PLUS KEY "A"                                           
   C=A --> PRESS THE "COMMODORE" KEY PLUS KEY "A".                            
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
MAP1FG                                                                        
------                                                                        
                                                                              
 KEY        MAP SYMBOL IDENTIFICATION                                         
 ---        -------------------------                                         
                                                                              
 A          HARD SURFACE, HEAVY DUTY ROAD, FOUR OR MORE LANES                 
 SA         (A) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 B          HARD SURFACE, HEAVY DUTY ROAD, TWO OR THREE LANES                 
 SB         (B) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 C          HARD SURFACE, MEDIUM DUTY ROAD, FOUR OR MORE LANES                
 SC         (C) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 D          HARD SURFACE, MEDIUM DUTY ROAD, TWO OR THREE LANES                
 SD         (D) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 E          IMPROVED LIGHT DUTY ROAD                                          
 SE         (E) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 F          UNIMPROVED DIRT ROAD                                              
 SF         (F) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 G          TRAIL                                                             
 SG         (G) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 H          DUAL HIGHWAY, DIVIDING STRIP 25 FEET OR LESS                      
 SH         (H) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 I          DUAL HIGHWAY, DIVIDING STRIP EXCEEDING 25 FEET                    
 SI         (I) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 J          ROAD UNDER CONSTRUCTION                                           
 SJ         (J) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 K          RAILROAD, SINGLE TRACK                                            
 SK         (K) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 L          RAILROAD, MULTIPLE TRACK                                          
 SL         (L) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 M          RAILROADS IN JUXTAPOSITION                                        
 SM         (M) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 N          BRIDGE, ROAD                                                      
 SN         (N) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 O          BRIDGE, RAILROAD                                                  
 SO         (O) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 P          DRAWBRIDGE, ROAD                                                  
 SP         (P) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 Q          DRAWBRIDGE, RAILROAD                                              
 SQ         (Q) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 R          FOOTBRIDGE                                                        
 SR         (R) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 S          TUNNEL, ROAD                                                      
 SS         (S) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 T          TUNNEL, RAILROAD                                                  
 ST         (T) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 U          OVERPASS                                                          
 SU         (U) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 V          UNDERPASS                                                         
 SY         (V) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 W          IMPORTANT SMALL MASONRY OR EARTH DAM                              
 SW         DAM WITH LOCK                                                     
 X          DAM WITH ROAD                                                     
 Y          CANAL WITH LOCK                                                   
 C=A        BUILDING, RESIDENCE                                               
 C=B        BUILDING, SIZE 2                                                  
 C=C        BUILDING, SIZE 3                                                  
 C=D        BUILDING, COMMERCIAL 1                                            
 C=E        BUILDING, COMMERCIAL 2                                            
 C=F        SCHOOL                                                            
 C=G        CHURCH                                                            
 C=H        CEMETERY, SMALL                                                   
 C=I        CEMETERY, LARGE                                                   
 C=J        BARN                                                              
 C=K        WAREHOUSE                                                         
 C=L        POWER TRANSMISSION LINE                                           
 C=M        (C=L) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                          
 C=N        TELEPHONE LINE OR PIPELINE                                        
 C=O        (C=N) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                          
 C=P        OIL WELL                                                          
 C=Q        GAS WELL                                                          
 C=R        WATER WELL                                                        
 C=S        STORAGE TANK, SMALL                                               
 C=T        STORAGE TANK, LARGE                                               
 C=U        LOCATED OR LANDMARK OBJECT                                        
 C=V        OPEN PIT MINE OR QUARRY                                           
 C=W        SHAFT OR TUNNEL ENTRANCE                                          
 1          TABLET, SPIRIT LEVEL ELEVATION                                    
 2          OTHER RECOVERABLE MARK, SPIRIT LEVEL ELEVATION                    
 3          TABLET, VERTICAL ANGLE ELEVATION                                  
 4          VERTICAL CONTROL STATION: TABLET, SPIRIT LEVEL ELEVATION          
 5          VERTICAL CONTROL STATION: OTHER RECOVERABLE MARK, SPIRIT LEVEL    
             ELEVATION                                                        
 6          NATIONAL BOUNDARY                                                 
 7          (6) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 8          STATE BOUNDARY                                                    
 9          (8) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 @          COUNTY BOUNDARY                                                   
 S@         (@) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 <          TOWNSHIP BOUNDARY                                                 
 >          (<) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 C=@        CITY OR TOWN BOUNDARY                                             
 C=*        (C=@) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                          
 [          RESERVATION BOUNDARY                                              
 (          ([) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 ]          SMALL PARK OR AIRPORT BOUNDARY                                    
 )          (]) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 S+         SECTION LINE, APPROXIMATE LOCATION                                
 C=+        (S+) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                           
 S-         TOWNSHIP LINE, NOT U.S. LAND SURVEY                               
 C=-        (S-) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                           
 +          SECTION CORNER: FOUND - INDICATED                                 
 -          BOUNDARY MONUMENT: LAND GRANT                                     
 S\         U.S. MINERAL OR LOCATION MONUMENT                                 
                                                                              
                                                                              
                                                                              
MAP2FG                                                                        
------                                                                        
                                                                              
 KEY        MAP SYMBOL IDENTIFICATION                                         
 ---        -------------------------                                         
                                                                              
 A          LEVEE                                                             
 SA         (A) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 B          LEVEE WITH ROAD                                                   
 SB         (B) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 C          MINE DUMP                                                         
 D          TAILINGS AREA                                                     
 E          TAILINGS POND AREA                                                
 F          STRIP MINE AREA                                                   
 G          DISTORTED OR BROKEN SURFACE AREA                                  
 H          SAND AREA                                                         
 I          GRAVEL BEACH AREA                                                 
 J          PERENNIAL STREAM                                                  
 SJ         (J) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 K          INTERMITTENT STREAM                                               
 SK         (K) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 L          SPRING                                                            
 S          DISAPPEARING STREAM                                               
 SS         (S) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 M          SMALL RAPIDS                                                      
 SM         (M) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 N          SMALL FALLS                                                       
 SN         (N) ROTATED 45 DEGREES                                            
 O          MARSH OR SWAMP AREA                                               
 P          ORCHARD AREA                                                      
 Q          VINEYARD OR AGRICULTURAL AREA                                     
 R          SCRUB BRUSH AREA                                                  


NOTE - THERE ARE OTHER USGS SYMBOLS IN USE AT THIS TIME.  THESE FILES CONSIST 
       OF MOST OF THE COMMON ONES IN USE CURRENTLY.                           


RAY BOWMAN                                                                    
76526,711                                                                     
 



master directory/disk manager
Scott Maxwell
Commodore 64
6246 Ohm Ct., San Diego, CA  92122

Master Directory DM

This program is to my knowledge, the quickest, most efficient program available
for organizing software. I actually wrote this program so a friend of mine
could organize his vast collection of software. Then I could find out what he
had that I wanted. Since it was being written for him to use, I had to make it
fast as well as powerful. This program is a BASIC/machine language hybrid.
Everything that was too slow in BASIC has been converted to machine language.

Basically, MASTER DIRECTORY takes directories from disks and stores them in
memory where they may be edited, sorted, printed, and saved. It allows sorting
by filename and by disk number. MASTER DIRECTORY allows editing of disk name,
disk ID, and filename. It also allows for deletion of files or entire disks
from the master list as well as updating of disks. It can handle about 2000-
3000 filenames and 256 disks in each menu file, but multiple menu files are
allowable. The functions become practically self-explanatory as you use them.

There are ten basic functions. These are:

1) Read Master File - Will read previously saved file
2) Save Master File - Will save file from memory
3) Enter New Disk   - Read new directory into memory
4) Print File       - Prints all or part of file to disk or printer
5) Sort File        - Sorts by filename of disk number
6) Delete File Name - Deletes file name or range of names
7) Change File Name - Allows changing of file names
8) Delete Disk      - Allows deletion of files-list of a certain disk
9) Change Disk Name - Allow changing of disk name and ID
0) Quit             - Exits DISK MANAGER

Typing a 'q' returns from any function.

    1) READ MASTER FILE-

This will read any previously saved menu file from the disk with a quick
machine language routine. Many people only have one directory file, therefore,
if you just hit <return>, it will default to 'MENU'. If you have a dual disk
drive and wish to specify the drive, you must put quotes around the string,
i.e. "1:GAMES". Otherwise, you will get an extra ignored error.

    2) SAVE MASTER FILE-

This function will save your current file from memory onto disk. Hitting
<return> will automatically erase the old 'MENU' file and write the current
file in memory as the new 'MENU' file. If you wish to replace an old file with
the current file in memory you can type "@:name" but you must put quotes around
it to avoid an extra ignored error. This will actually scratch the old file
first, and then save the new file (so if you are worried about using the @
sign, in this program anyway, it is completely safe).

    3) ENTER NEW DISK -

This function is the one that actually reads a directory into memory. Machine
language routines are used for reading the directory, printing the directory,
and compressing the data. When you hit '3', the program immediately reads the
current disk. NOTE: The desired disk must be in the drive before '3' is hit.

The entire directory is listed on the screen and you are then told where the
directory will be put in the master list and is asked if you want to add this
directory to the master list. A <return> will default to yes. If you don't want
to add this, simply type the letter 'n' followed by <return>.

You are then asked if you would like to change the name of the disk. This is
very helpful if the name on the label is not the same as the name in the
directory. A <return> defaults to the current name, but if a new name is
entered, a new ID is then allowed as well.

Some directory programs won't allow for to disks to be entered that have the
same ID number. This program does not care about ID numbers. They are merely
there for the user to see. As a matter of fact, the way that the data is
referenced in MASTER DIRECTORY is very simple. The first file is file zero, the
next is file one, etc. When a sort is done, the new first program becomes
number zero, etc. When files are deleted from the list, the list is
automatically renumbered. The disks are referenced the same way. The first disk
is number zero, the next is number one, etc. The one big difference is that the
disk numbers never change. Once a disk has been entered, it keeps the same
number until it is deleted. Therefore, you can put the disk number on your disk
and keep them in numerical order. Then, when you look on your master list to
find a program, you can find the correct disk very quickly. If a disk is
deleted, the space remains open until another disk is entered.

    Example:

Four disks are entered. Three filenames are deleted from disk two and the list
automatically renumbers itself. The list is then sorted by filename. Each
filename now has a new number. Then, you realize that disk three is not
current, and you therefore delete that disk. The program automatically
renumbers the file numbers, but not the disk numbers. In your file you have
disks one, two, and four. You then enter the current disk three and it is
automatically put in the first open disk number, three. You now have disks one,
two, three, and four again.

    4) PRINT FILE-

This function prints all or part of your master file to your screen or printer.
When you hit '4' the program first asks if you want to go to the screen or
printer. If you hit <return> it will default to the screen. It then asks you
what the first and last file numbers you want to see are. These default to the
beginning and ending of your file if you hit only <return>.

The output will be in the following format:

    file# blocks "filename" type disk number

There is also a second type of output. If you hit shifted '4' (or shifted '6'
or '7' for that matter) it will print in the following format.

    file# blocks "filename" type disk number:disk name

If you print to the printer, the program will simply list until it is finished
and then return to the main menu. If, however, you print to the screen, there
is a bit more involved.

First of all, the listing will stop after printing a full screen. It wait until
a key is pressed and then continue until it has finished another screen. When
it has printed the whole listing, it will automatically start over at the
specified starting line and keep listing. It will not stop listing until a 'q'
is pressed at the bottom of a page. A 'q' returns from any function.

A fast forward and reverse are also built in. Every time you hit the <f1> key,
the listing moves back twenty filenames and everytime you hit <f7>, it moves
forward twenty filenames.

    5) SORT FILE:

When you hit '5' you are asked if you want to sort by disk or by whole. If you
sort by disk, it will sort the filenames in each disk independently. Sorting by
the whole file puts the whole list in alphabetically order by filename. Hitting
<return> defaults to whole.

A machine language shell/metzner sort is used and the sort usually takes under
three seconds.

    6) DELETE FILE NAME-

This function works very much like the PRINT FILE function. It asks you the
first and last file numbers to look at. NOTE: This is for listing purposes
only. It does not delete these. Also, shifted '6' will give the secondary
printing format.

It then prints the file to the screen just like the PRINT function, except it
stop at the bottom of each page with a blinking cursor and asks you which files
you want to delete. If you hit <return> it will show you the next page. A 'q'
quits the function and renumbers the file.

If you wish to delete a file, simply type its file number and hit return. You
can delete a whole range of files by type the first file number followed by a
hyphen ('-') and the last number. For instance 12-17 will delete files 12 thru
17. Note also that the fast forward (f7) and reverse (f1) function keys work.

    7) CHANGE FILE NAME-

This works exactly like the delete file name function except that you can not
specify a range of file numbers to change ( 12-17 ) and when you type the
number of the file whose name you wish to change, it then asks for the new
name. Otherwise, it is identical.

This function was created to take care of programs like INFOCOM games which are
all called 'GAME'.

    8) DELETE DISK-

This function simply lists the disk names one page at a time, waiting for a
return which lists the next page, a 'q' which quits the function, or a disk
number which deletes the disk name from the list as well as all filenames
contained on that disk.

    9) CHANGE DISK NAME-

This function is identical to the delete disk function, except it allows you to
change the disk name and ID.

    0) QUIT

Obviously this function exits from MASTER DIRECTORY. Note: It does not save the
file. That must be done with the SAVE MASTER FILE function.


In writing this, I have tried to make it as short as possible to allow for as
many files as possible, while at the same time making it as powerful as
possible. Some people have asked about a search feature. This can be done now
by sorting and listing with the fast forward and reverse keys. Other functions
such as a search have not been overlooked; simply decided against because of
memory constraints.

Finally, in working with this, I have had some problems with terrible garbage
collections (or perhaps something worse). Since this program uses two large
arrays, under certain conditions, the two arrays eat each other. This is a bug
in your Commodore BASIC. I think I have pinned this down so that it only
happens occasionally when you use the CHANGE DISK NAME function. I recommend,
therefore that you change the disk name only when you first enter the disk. If
you need to change a disk name again, save your file first.






 
 
 
 
 
 
     The material contained in this document is of an experimental nature. As
 such, all consequences resulting from the use of the information is the
 express responsibility of the user. The author shall not be held liable, and
 implies no warranties or guarantees what so ever. The author does certify that
 the information presented was correct, to his knowledge, at the time of the
 first distribution of the document.
 
 
 
 
 
     This document and the information it contains is the sole property of the
 author, who retains all copyrights, and patents to the material presented.
 
 
 
 
 
     The author does grant a limited distribution right to all if the following
 conditions are satisfied: The document is distributed in complete and
 unaltered form, with this legal form included. No commercial distribution (ie.
 publishing) of the document is entered into without the written consent of the
 author. Lastly, no monies shall be exchanged for the distribution of the
 document, except for reproduction and shipping charges, without the written
 permission of the author. With these conditions fulfilled, the limited
 distribution license grants the holder of the document to otherwise freely
 distribute, and store it in any manner.

































                      Beyond 512 kb: The Two Megabyte REU
                      -----------------------------------
 
                              By Andrew E. Mileski
 
                           Copyright October 3, 1989.
 
 
     In Volume 9, Issue 6 of the Transactor, Paul Bosacki showed us a miracle;
 the one megabyte C64. Paul had developed an elegant method of allowing the C64
 to access this extra memory out of the C64's own memory map. Unfortunately,
 this extra RAM is rather difficult to access, not all of it is available to
 the user, and C128 owners cannot expand there machines in the same manner. The
 circuit necessary for this feat allows a C64 to use 256 k RAM chips, instead
 of the 64 k RAM chips it was designed to use. Although a brilliantly simple
 circuit, it is over-kill when one already has a Ram Expansion Unit (REU) that
 directly supports 256 k RAM chips!
 
     Expanding a REU is relatively simple, and if you already know how to
 program a REU you can easily take advantage of an expanded one. In fact, all
 your software that uses a REU is completely compatible! Now are fellow C128
 owners can expand their machines easily too, since the extra RAM is accessed
 out of a REU, and not off a modified mother-board!
 
     In a 512 kb REU, there are two dynamic RAM chip banks on the circuit
 board. They each consist of eight, 1 bit by 256 k dynamic RAM chips, which
 gives us our 512 k bytes. The REU's internal bank register at $DF06 works in
 64 kb increments, and has only eight of these REU banks. Banks 0 to 3 are
 accessed out of chip bank one (U2 to U9), and banks 4 to 7 are accessed out of
 chip bank two (U10 to U17). Please note the distinction between chip banks,
 and REU banks.
 
 Note: signals preceeded by an asterisk indicate that they are active low
 
 Dynamic RAM Basics
 ------------------
 
     Dynamic RAM memory chips are constructed with multiplexed address inputs.
 This means that they carry different information at different times. To access
 a particular memory cell, we first supply the chip with half of the actual
 address, a row address. Next we latch this address into the chip by asserting
 the Row Address Strobe (*RAS). Now we supply the chip with the other half of
 the address, the column address. Once again we latch this address into the
 chip by asserting the Column Address Strobe (*CAS). Depending on the state of
 the Write Enable (*WE) signal, a read or write memory cycle will occur.
 
     Unfortunately dynamic RAMs forget everything unless they are reminded, or
 refreshed. This must be done about every 4 milliseconds! To refresh the memory
 a RAS only cycle must be done for every row address. This means that only the
 row address is latched into the chip; the column address is not needed here.
 The entire row of data stored in the chip will be refreshed, and our data will
 be safe for another few milliseconds. In a REU the RAM Expansion Controller
 (REC) chip takes care of all this for us.













 Fooling the REC
 ---------------
 
     Since a REU was only designed to access 512 kb of expansion memory, we
 must fool it in order to access more. We do this by letting the REU think that
 it has only 512 kb available at any one time. This means we need some way to
 switch between the extra banks of memory. The circuit shown in the schematic
 helps us to do this by adding two bits to the REU bank select register. This
 two bit output port lets us select one of four banks of 512 kb. So in other
 words, are REU now thinks it is four seperate 512 kb REUs. Now we can easily
 access up to 2 Mb out of a REU!
 
 How the circuit works
 ---------------------
 
     The secret to expanding dynamic memory lies in the *CAS signal. Since all
 the RAM chips need to be refreshed with *RAS, we don't do anything to this
 signal and pass it to all memory chips. This leaves us with manipulating *CAS.
 
     Manipulation of *CAS is the job of IC1, a dual two to four line
 decoder/demultiplexor. It is used to direct the REC signals *CAS0 (chip bank
 one), and *CAS1 (chip bank two), to the correct bank of eight RAM chips. When
 one of the REC CAS signals is asserted, the CAS signal of the selected bank is
 asserted. The bank selection is done with the two select inputs S0 and S1 of
 IC1.
 
     IC2 and IC3 form a two bit write-only register, whose outputs are the bank
 select inputs to IC1. Bits 3 and 4 of the REU bank register at $DF06 are
 latched into IC2, two D type flip-flops, on the negative edge of the system
 clock (theta2). By mapping our new two bit register to these normally unused
 bits, the extra memory appears to the user as extra 64k banks beyond the
 normal maximum of 512 kb. IC3 is a 3 to 8 line decoder/demultiplexor, which is
 used to decode the lowest three bits of the I/O2 page ($DF00 to $DFFF)
 address. The IC3 signal *O6 is used as the clock signal for the two
 flip-flops, which latches bits 3 and 4 of the data bus on the positive edge.
 This happens whenever $DF06 is written to. On a read memory cycle to $DF06,
 IC3 is disabled and the REU's regular internal register appears on the data
 bus.
 
     A switch pulls the *CLR inputs to each of the flip-flops low when it is
 closed  (position 1). This forces them to select bank zero of 512 kb at all
 times, which is present in all 512kb REUs. When the switch is open (position
 2), the flip-flops can freely take on the values of bits 3 and 4 of $DF06.
 This allows complete software compatibility with a 1750 (512 kb) REU.
 
     Lastly, the two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), which are optional, simply
 show us (in binary) what bank of 512k we are using. They allow us to quickly
 check software compatibility, as explained later.
 

















 Installation
 ------------
 
     All the expansion hardware fits inside the REU case. You will not be able
 to use the RF shield, and it will be a very tight fit with all 2 Mb  installed
 (don't use IC sockets!). Start by expanding your REU to 512 kb, or in other
 words you need a 1750 REU. See Volume 9, Issue 5 of the Transactor, or the
 article by ScottB30 on Quantum Link for expanding 1764 and 1700 REUs. Take the
 usual static precautions, and of course, any modification to the REU will void
 the warranty! Proceed at your sole risk!
 
     On the component side of the REU, with the edge connector towards you,
 locate Resistor Package RP3 on the left side near the middle of the board.
 Flip the board over to the solder side, again with the edge connector towards
 you. Locate RP3 again on the right side of the board. From the top of the
 board, find pin 7 of RP3 and cut the trace leading away from the pin. Solder a
 wire to this pin (pin 7); this is the *CAS0 signal. Find pin 3 of RP3 and
 again cut the trace leading away from the pin. Solder a wire to this pin (pin
 3); this is the *CAS1 signal.
 
     Flip the board over to the component side with the edge connector towards
 you, and locate ram chips U2 and U10 on the top left side of the board. Flip
 the board over to the solder side and again locate these chips. To pin 15 of
 U2 solder a wire; this is the *CASBANK0 signal. Solder a wire to pin 15 of
 U10; this is the *CASBANK1 signal. Run the four wires you now have, down to
 the right side of the edge connector and secure them in the corner with a
 piece of electrical tape. This completes all the solder connections to the
 solder side of the board.
 
     Locate the fifth pin from the right on the edge connector and follow the
 trace to a component leg; note the placement. Flip the board to the component
 side for the last time, and locate the component. It is labeled FB2, and
 should be a Ferrite Button, but is a 430 Ohm resistor (yellow, orange, brown,
 gold bands) on my REU. To the opposite end of the component, away from the
 edge connector, solder a wire; this is the system clock signal theta2.
 
     Locate the thirteenth pin from the right on the edge connector. Follow the
 trace to a pass-through, and solder a wire into it; this is the *I/O2 signal.
 
     Locate the eighteenth pin from the right of the edge connector, and follow
 the trace to Ferrite Button FB1. To the side away from the edge connector
 solder a wire; this is the R/*W signal.
 
     Locate the empty pinout (U18) next to the square REC chip. Solder wires
 into the holes for pins 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, and 28. These are the signals
 A2, A1, A0, Ground, D3, D4, and +5 volts respectively. This completes the
 signal hunting.
 
 Lay a 2 inch strip of double-sided foam tape down the center of the missing IC
 (U18) pattern. Try to leave room near the right edge of the case so you can
 mount a switch. Mount the ICs, in order from left to right, to the tape UPSIDE
 DOWN (pins sticking up) with the notches (or dots) towards the top of the
 board. Place them as far apart as you can on the tape.













    Now connect the ICs using (carefully!) point to point soldering, or
 wire-wrap DIRECTLY on the IC pins (yes, it can be done). If you do wire-wrap,
 only 4 wraps per connection are necessary, and "over wrapping" (wrapping on
 top of wrapping) is recommended for the second connection to a pin. Keep the
 connections as short as possible eg. +5 volts to pin 14 of IC1 in mine is 1/4
 of an inch long.
 
     Mount the switch in the top half and on the edge of the REU's case in a
 convenient place. I recommend placing it near the bottom right corner, near
 the plastic post since there is nothing in the way here. A slide switch is
 neater than a toggle switch, but it isn't very much fun trying to make a
 square hole for a the slide switch! Mark (or just note) the position of the
 switch on the case (open: 2 Mb, closed: 512 kb) with a marker (Sanford
 "Sharpie" writes permanently on anything!) or use "Lettra Set" type lettering.
 
     The next step, and last step, is to wire and mount the two optional LED
 indicators. Solder wires to all the leads of both the LEDs. Drill holes for
 them at the top edge, of the top half of the case, so they're visable with the
 REU installed. Make sure to put LED1 on the left and LED0 on the right, so you
 can read the bank of 512 kb  in binary (0=un-lighted, 1=lighted).
 
     Your REU now works the same as before, at least it should! Plug it in,
 move the switch to  position 1 (switch closed, the optional LEDs should both
 be un-lighted) and give the REU a spin with any test program of your choice.
 If things look bad, power down and recheck all connections! If it does work,
 congratulations! You now have an REU that can be expanded to 2 Mb  by adding a
 meager (48) RAM chips.
 
 Adding memory
 -------------
 
     Expand the memory by piggy-backing the existing RAM chips in chip banks
 one or two, starting with chip bank 1. Bend pin 15 up, to a 45 degree angle,
 on each of the RAM chips to be added. Connect a wire to this pin before
 soldering it to the other RAM chip. Once the chip is soldered in place,
 connect the wire to pin 15 of the next RAM chip to be added. Solder another
 wire to its pin 15, and solder the chip in place next to the other. Continue
 in this way until all the RAMs in a chip bank are piggy-backed, and all pins
 15 are connected in a daisy-chain fashion in each chip bank. Solder a wire to
 pin 15 of the rightmost RAM chip in the bank; this is the *CASBANKx signal.
 Now use an ohmmeter or continuity tester to see that all the chips in the
 newly added bank share the same signals on pins 1, 3 to 13, and 15 and 16.
 
     All that is left is to connect the wire *CASBANKx to an appropriate
 numbered signal on IC1.  Odd numbered CASBANK signals are for RAM chips
 piggy-backed in chip bank one, even numbered ones are for RAM chips
 piggy-backed in chip bank two. Choose the next available signal when adding a
 new bank of RAMs. *CASBANK0 and *CASBANK1 are reserved for the two chip banks
 already in a 512 kb REU. Connect the *CASBANKx signal, and you now have
 another 256 kb of memory! Repeat for chip bank two for 512 kb extra RAM. Add
 just as much RAM as you need in 256 kb  increments!
 














 Programming an expanded REU
 ---------------------------
 
     You don't need to do anything different to use the extra memory in the
 REU. Just remember that you now have more 64 kb banks that you can access
 through the bank register at $DF06 when in 2 Mb mode (switch in position 2).
 When in the 1750 emulation (512 kb) mode (switch in position 1), remember you
 only have access to banks 0 to 7 of 64 kb. Keep in mind the peculiarities of
 the 2 Mb mode as well. That's all there is to it! The number of banks depends
 on how much memory you added; 0 to 15 with 1 Mb, and 0 to 31 with 2 Mb for
 example.
 
     Note that all software that tests for a REU will only find 512 kb
 available, so a slightly different memory test is necessary to check on how
 much expansion memory we have. Since the REU can be expanded up to 2 Mb  in
 256 kb increments at the users discretion, a slightly different test is
 mandatory to figure out just how big the REU is. See listing 1 for an example.
 
 Peculiarities
 -------------
 
     There are a few very minor inconveniences with this expansion project
 detailed as follows:
          1) The REU will not wrap internally between banks of 512 kb,
          instead the REU will wrap to the beginning of the same 512k
          bank. For example, saving 2 bytes to $FFFF in bank 7 will
          put one byte at $FFFF in bank 7, and the other at $0000 in
          bank 0 NOT bank 8 as expected. This is because the REC chip
          does not recognize more than 512 kb directly; we have fooled
          it to use more RAM.
          
          2) Bank register at $DF06 is write-only where bits 3 and 4
          are concerned. If $DF06 is read, bits 3 and 4 (as well as
          bits 5, 6, and 7) will always be one no matter what bank of
          512 kb the REU is in.
          
          3) Bits 3 and 4 of the bank register at $DF06 are now
          significant, but in an unexpanded REU they are ignored. This
          why we have a switch to disable all but 512k of memory when
          we run into non-compatible software. See the next section
          for details.
          
          4) The 512 kb bank select bits are memory mapped by only the
          three lowest address bits. This means there are images of
          these bits at $DF0E, $DF16, $DF1E, etc. This is a trivial
          matter since no sane person uses image addresses!
 



















 Compatibility
 -------------
 
     There is only one source of software incompatibility in this modification;
 the 2 bit 512 kb bank select register we had added to $DF06. Since these two
 bits are now significant and didn't used to be, we could have a problem;
 software that doesn't set these bits to the same value at all times, or sets
 the bits to a bank of 512 kb that isn't installed yet, won't work. But this is
 what the switch is for!
 
     The 2 Mb modification is 100% compatible with any software written for a
 1750 (512kb) REU, when in the switch selectable 1750 emulation mode (position
 1, switch closed). Unfortunately none of the extra memory beyond this can be
 accessed when in this mode. This is of no consequence, since the software
 can't make use of any additional memory anyway.
 
     When the 2 Mb mode is switch selected (position 2, switch open), we have
 complete access to how ever much memory we have added. The switch should be in
 position 2 whenever possible! Most software can function in this mode,
 including GEOS!
 
     The two optional LEDs are very useful to determine if the software is
 compatible in the 2 Mb mode. If you are using software meant to be used with a
 1750 REU, you can use the software in the 2 Mb mode if: during a REU transfer
 the LEDs are always showing the same bank of 512 kb is being accessed (LEDs
 not flickering), and they indicate a bank that is installed (bank 0 of 512 kb
 is always present). Without the LEDs, it is simply a matter of saying "It
 works", or "It doesn't work" when you use software for a 1750 REU.
 
 Final words
 -----------
 
     Don't let the length of this article discourage you; it only seems
 difficult in print! Your REU can now contain more memory than an average IBM
 PC. So be nice to your IBM buddies, and don't brag too much! I can be reached
 on Q-link (screen name Recursion), or you can write me directly if you have
 any questions, comments, or construction ideas.
 
                               Andrew E. Mileski
                              210-180 Lees Avenue
                                Ottawa, Ontario
                                Canada, K1S 5J6
 























 Listing 1: Recommended type of REU memory check
 -----------------------------------------------
 
     It is implimented here in BASIC with a REU wedge for the C64, but can
 easily be translated into assembly. This check will always return the number
 of 64 k byte banks that are useable in the REU. FETCH and STASH do exactly
 what you might think. The operands are bytes to transfer, computer base
 address, REU base address, and REU bank (of 64 kb) number.
 
 2000 REM ****INITIALIZE ****
 2010 REM Put a single status byte, that shows an unchecked bank, in each bank
 of 64kb.
 2020 POKE 49152,136
 2030 FOR I=0 TO 255
 2040 !STASH 1,49152,0,I
 2050 NEXT
 2060 REM ****    TEST    ****
 2070 REM Test for # banks present by seeing if bank checked yet. If not,
 change status of
 2080 REM bank to checked, and add 1 to the # of banks. Else, bank is checked
 already and 
 2090 REM we're done! Note that we only test one byte per bank to speed things
 up.
 2100 POKE 49152,27
 2110 I=0
 2120 !FETCH 1,49152,0,I
 2130 IF PEEK(49152)<>136 THEN 2190
 2140 POKE 49152,27
 2150 !STASH 1,49152,0,I
 2160 I=I+1:IF I<256 THEN 2120
 2170 REM ****    DONE    ****
 2180 REM Number of banks of 64kb is now in I.
 2190 IF I=0 THEN PRINT "REU NOT PRESENT, OR NOT SEATED PROPERLY"
 2200 IF I=2 THEN PRINT "THIS IS A  1700 (128 K) REU"
 2210 IF I=4 THEN PRINT "THIS IS A  1764 (256 K) REU"
 2220 IF I=8 THEN PRINT "THIS IS A  1750 (512 K) REU"
 2230 IF I>8 THEN PRINT "THIS IS AN EXPANDED"; 64*I ;"K REU"
 




























 Parts List and Miscellaneous Data
 ---------------------------------
 
 Required parts
 
 IC1:   74F139      Dual 2 to 4 line decoder/demultiplexor.
 IC2:   74F74       Dual D-type flip-flops.
 IC3:   74F138      3 to 8 line decoder/demultiplexor.
 FAST series components recommended!
 
 3.3k Ohm Resistor, 1/4 watt and 5% tolerance.
 SPST micro-mini toggle, or slide switch.
 Two inch strip of double-sided foam tape.
 Supply of 30 gauge wire.
 And other standard tools and equipment.
 
 Optional
 
 Two LEDs T-1 size.
 Two 390 Ohm resistors, 1/4 watt and 5% tolerance.
 
 Pin connections
 ---------------
 
 IC1
 Pin 16: +5 Volts        1: *CAS0
     15: *CAS1           2: IC2 pin 5
     14: IC1 pin 2       3: IC2 pin 9
     13: IC1 pin 3       4: *CASBANK0
     12: *CASBANK1       5: *CASBANK2
     11: *CASBANK3       6: *CASBANK4
     10: *CASBANK5       7: *CASBANK6
      9: *CASBANK7       8: Ground
 
 IC2
 Pin 14: +5 Volts        1: **1**
     13: **1**           2: D3
     12: D4              3: IC3 pin 9
     11: IC2 pin 3       4: +5 Volts
     10: +5 Volts        5: IC1 pins 2,14
      9: IC1 pins 3,13   6: LED0 **2**
      8: LED1 **2**      7: Ground
 
 IC3
 Pin 16: +5 Volts        1: A0
     15: No connection   2: A1
     14: No connection   3: A2
     13: No connection   4: *I/O
     12: No connection   5: R/*W
     11: No connection   6: Theta2
     10: No connection   7: No connection
      9: IC2 pins 3,11   8: Ground
 













 
 **1** Connect this pin to one side of the switch. There should be two pins
 connected to the same side of the switch. To the same side of the switch
 connect a single 3.3k Ohm resistor. Connect the free end of the resitor to +5
 Volts. Connect the other side of the switch to ground.
 
 **2** Connect this pin to the cathode of the LED shown. Connect the anode of
 each LED to its own 390 Ohm resistor. Connect the free end of each resistor to
 +5 Volts.
 
 Top of ICs are indicated by a dot or notch. When the chips are installed
 up-side-down, the pin numbering is clockwise from the top right pin! Since the
 RAM chips are installed right-side up, their pin numbering is counter
 clockwise from the top left pin. Don't mix up the numbering!!!
 
 
 
 
 ***Note***
 
 This file was converted from the original geoWrite 2.1 file by the author. The
 schematic in geoPaint format has been reduced into the pin connection table
 shown above. If you have GEOS 2.0 I recommend you obtain the original ARCed
 files from Q-Link ("BEYOND512KB.SDA" by Recursion)                            




































Message Features Software Documentation
20-January-1993
 
New Features / Version Notes
 
     o    The size of a message has been expanded to 10,000
          characters.
 
     NOTE:  With the initial release of Message Features users of
     DOS CIM, MAC CIM and NAVIGATOR will not be able to post a
     10000 character message.  Current development of HMI will
     allow for this in the very near future.  There is no
     limitation on the size of messages that can be read.
 
     o    READ THREAD command now displays messages in
          chronological order and also in section order.  i.e., all
          new messages in thread order from section 1, then all new
          messages from section 2 and so forth.  This feature
          provides users with the context of messages.  Given below
          is a hypothetical display in the current Production
          software, and new order of display with Message Features:
 
     Hypothetical Production Display   Message Features Display
     Sec #   Msg & Replies             Sec # Msg & Replies
 
     S4   Message # 11  R R R R        S2   Message # 2   R R R
     S2   Message # 2   R R R          S4   Message # 11  R R R R
     S13  Message # 21  R R R R R R    S6   Message # 9   R
     S6   Message # 9   R              S8   Message # 5   R R R
     S8   Message # 5   R R R          S13  Message # 21  R R R R
 
          The complete command syntax for the READ THREAD is given
          below for reference.
 
          The new display order applies to the READ THREAD command
          and all its switches.  The complete command syntax for
          the READ THREAD is given below for reference.
 
       READ THREAD [NEW]  [ALL] [NUM #] [START: ##] [SECTIONS:]
 
          No modifications have been made to REAd FORward or REAd
          REVerse commands.
 
     o    When a READ nnnn command is issued (without any other
          switches), where nnn is a message number, it defaults to
          READ THREAD nnnn as it does in current production
          software.  Therefore the new display order applies to
          this command as well.
 
     o    Another change is to the snapshot "high message number"
          -- the highest message on the board at the time a
          snapshot is taken.  The user will not be able to view any
          message above this "high number" until a new snapshot is
          built.  This change was done in an effort to ensure that
          users would not miss any messages on the board.  The
          impact of this change is that an ASCII user will no
          longer be able to read a reply they posted immediately;
          this is already true in the HMI (CIM) interface.
 
          If the user wants to read the reply, he will need to
          issue a new REAd or SELect command so another snapshot
          will be built to include their reply.  In HMI, they will
          need to "Freshen Messages" under CIM 2.x for this change
          to take effect.
 
     o    When the user issues a PARent, ROOt, or REAd replies
          command while reading a particular message, when they
          return to the message the command was issued from, the
          header of the message will be displayed along with the
          message "** Enter RER to reread, REP to reply, or <CR>
          to continue".  Current production software displays the
          entire message again.
 
     o    Since a message can now be 10000 characters in length and
          a message that long would scroll off a member's screen
          quickly, we have introduced "paged message display".
          After 24 lines of a message have displayed, members will
          see a "Press CR for more:" prompt if they have paged
          message display enabled.  At that prompt the user can
          enter return to continue reading the message, M to return
          to the Read Action prompt (thereby not reading the rest
          of the message), or S to scroll rest of the message
          without pausing.
 
          To enable "paged message display", a member can enter SET
          PAGED YES at any forum prompt.  This will turn on paged
          message displaying for this and any forum the member
          enters during the current session.  To make the change
          permanent, the member needs to GO DEFAULT, choose option
          2 (Change permanent settings), choose option 3 (Display
          options), and then change option 1 (PAGED display) to NO.
 
          Entering a SCROLL command at the Read Action prompt will
          scroll the messages no matter what option the member has
          selected.
 
     o    There is no longer a limit on the number of lines a forum
          message can have.
 
     o    A new command has been added to the Editor - /MAIL.  If
          the user wants to mail a message, he no longer needs to
          exit the editor and then specify MAIL.  Now he can
          specify /MAIL from within the editor.  All the parameters
          required for the MAIL command are the same as the /POST
          command parameters.
 
     o    If the user wants to mail a message from within a forum,
          they are limited to 50,000 characters - not 10,000
          characters per message for forum messages.  Production
          software limited the user to the size of a forum message
          but the Message Features software has removed that limit.
 
     NOTE: A fix will be implemented in a future version of HMI
     that will allow HMI users to mail a message containing 50,000
     characters.
 
     o    Other important commands to remember:
 
     REA NUM;NNNN - This command allows users to read an individual
     message number. (RI is still supported.)
 
     REA THR NUM: - Allows you to read only the thread you are
     requesting. (RT nnn ONLY is still supported.)
 
 
Removal of "Old" Forum Commands:
 
     To reduce maintenance and gain resources, we have removed
     support for the following "old forum" commands from the forum
     software.
 
A.  Two character commands:
 
BR   -   Browse (Correct command is BRO)
FM   -   Forward Mail (Correct command is FMA or FMB)
RM   -   Read Marked (Correct command is REA WAI or RW)
RO   -   Read Old
SD   -   Scan Delete
SE   -   Send  (Correct command is SEN)
TO   -   Touch
US   -   User Status (Correct command is USE or USERS)
WH   -   Who (Correct command is WHO)
 
GU   -   Guide (use HELP)
SB   -   Section Names (use NAMe)
CB   -   Conference (use CO)
 
B.  One character commands:
 
C    -   Continue
E    -   Exit (use EX or EXI)
L    -   Leave message (use COMpose)
V    -   View Interests (Use MEMber)
 
The following was written by Craig Chamberlain, the author, upon 
MIDIplayer's initial release in January, 1989: 
 
I have just released the MIDIPLAYER program.  First demonstrated 
at the Columbus SIDFEST, this program plays Enhanced Sidplayer 
songs on any MIDI-capable synthesizer.  Besides sending MIDI 
information to make a synthesizer play the notes in a song, the 
player also supports other MIDI features such as program changes, 
controller changes, different channel modes, and different 
keyboard velocities. The player even supports real-time control 
to help synchronize a drum machine with the synthesizer. 

The first release of MIDIPLAYER works with all MIDI synthesizers 
and has the ability to load patch files for non-handshaking 
synthesizers.  Another version of MIDIPLAYER is being released to 
support patch file loading on the Casio CZ series. MIDIPLAYER 
works with MIDI interfaces manufactured by Passport, Sequential, 
and Datel, and with other compatible interfaces including Sonus 
and Dr. T. 

The document "SIDNEWS #14 - explains how to use the MIDIPLAYER to
play songs on a MIDI system.  Please note that the Enhanced	idplayer music system was not designed to be a full MIDI system,
and the MIDIPLAYER is not intended to provide a full MIDI composing
environment.  The Sidplayer Editor does not accept note entry by
synthesizer keyboard, so using the system for MIDI composing would be
rather awkward, although people who have only a synthesizer module with
no keyboard may find the system very useful.
 
I hope you enjoy MIDIPLAYER!
  Craig Chamberlain
  Author, "COMPUTE!'s Music System
  for the Commodore 128 and 64: The
  E	anced Sidplayer"
 
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The Enhanced Sidplayer Promotional Player, including the MIDI 
edition, is copyrighted by COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. and is not 
in the Public Domain.  Permission is granted to freely distribute 
the program, however, provided that it is not modified and not 
sold. 

               ml2bas.doc
 
 
   ml2bas is a basic program that will
convert a section of memory into data
statements and build these into a 
basic program.
   operation is simple, load
and run ml2bas, it will ask you for
3 things:
 
1) starting m.l. location - the location
in memory you wish ml2bas to start converting.
 
2) ending m.l. location - the ending address in memory.
 
3) begining basic line # - the line number
you wish ml2bas to start building the
subroutine at.
 
 
   ml2bas will then read through the memory
you have selected and write data statements
containing that memory. it will have
also written, just before the data statements,
a one line subroutine that will poke
the data information
back into place.
 
   all this will be written to basic
begining at the line # you gave, and
each line number will increase buy 1.
  (note:  ml2bas itself starts at 
    59990. so dont give a line number
    that would run close to that.)
 
  once ml2bas has read and converted all
the required memory, it will ask
if you wish to delete the convery program
itself. if you say 'yes' you will
be left with only the generated
subroutine and 	ta statements in
memory. you may then save this to
disk or merge it into a larger
basic program. (you will need a merge
utility for this.)
 
  you may call ml2bas a number of times
in one session to convert different sections of memory. in this case
do not erase it at the end of the first
session, and start ml2bas again with
'goto 59990', then give it your
new sets of numbers, as long as the
line numbers do not overwrite
what is allready there, you can
build up multiple subroutines.
 
 another use for ml2	s would be
copying ml programs without a ml monitor
 load ml2bas, load the ml program
(assuming it does not interfere with basic) then run ml2bas.
you can then save the basic version
of the ml program. the basic program
can then be loaded or copied.
 
 
 NMNM. L. 2 bas  (c) 1984 by chrisdos
 
electric eraser subroutine (c) by deb!
 
 
may be copied and distributed non-commercial only.


MINITERM 128(c) docs

    The programme MINITERM 128(c) is provided for all you people who write terminal prgs in basic. It runs at 300, 1200, or 2400 bps. The open statment is done in basic to allow you to set your own baud rate. The prg also makes a nice Function key terminal prg because it resides from $1300 to $1700. this meens that you can bload it at the start of a session and put the OPEN and SYS statments on an FKEY for example:
        KEY1,"OPEN5,2,2,CHR$(6)+CHR$(0):FAST:SYS4864:SLOW:CLOSE
Then by pressing F1 you would open the channel to the modem, turn on fast mode,enter the terminal prg. Pressing the 'commodore + m' keys returns you to basic and turns slow on and closes the channel on the modem. if you are in 40 col mode delete the fast and slow commands. The prg works well in 40 or 80 col modes however the title screen is not centered in 40 col mode. 
     In order to allow a certain amount of flexibilty in using this prg in your own basic prgs MINITERM 128(c) has two ways to returm to your basic prg. If you press 'commodore m' the prg simply returns to the next basic command in the basic prg. If you exit by pressing 	ommodore +english pound sign' MINITERM 128(c) first places a $ff in to location $0088. this will allow you to branch to a different part of your prg. your basic code would look something like this:

10 OPEN5,2,2,CHR$(6)+CHR$(0):REM OPEN STATMENT FOR 300 BPS
20 SYS4864  :REM ENTER MINITERM 128(c)
30 IF PEEK DEC("88")THEN 100 :REM IF EXIT WITH 'C=ENGLISH POUND' THEN GO TO      DIFFERENT ROUTINE
40 REM CONTINUE WITH NORMAL PRG FLOW
100 REM OPTIONAL PRG BRANCH

     MINITERM 128(c) will operate in either STAN	RD or CBM ASCII modes. The default is STANDARD ASCII. to turn on the CBM ASCII press 'commodore c'. to return to STANDARD ASCII press 'commodore a'. Any time you change modes the prg will print the current mode on the screen.

     MINITERM 128(c) starts at $1300 and is currently 295 bytes long. ASCII translation tables start at $1500 and end at $16ff. When you open the channel to the modem make sure that you use a #5 as the channel nubmer. 

     MINITERM 128(c) will transmit any characters that are in t	 fkeys so your basic prg can define the fkeys any way you want them to be for transmission from terminal mode. Due to my lack of understanding of the editor in the 128 I was unable to defeat the CTRL S trap . The best way to send a CTRL S in this version is to press the home key. All other CTRL keys seem to work fine

     Watch for future expansion to MINITERM 128(c). Commining next is 61k buffer for uploading and download of text.

     MINITERM 128(c) is a copyrighted programme of JHF SOFTWARE you are 	rmitted to use this prg in your own creations with out royalty provided that you leave the credits in the open screen alone.

     MINITERM 128(c) was written using MERLIN 128(c) by Glen Bredon
     JHF SOFTWARE is the cottage industry of Michael LaPaglia
     74356,607

     Source code is avalible from JHF SOFTWARE for a blank disk and 5.00
     send check or moneyorder to:
     JHF SOFTWARE
     3470 S MAGDA AVE.
     TUCSON AZ. 85730

please include the name of the program that you are requesting
   This is the procedure to auto log
onto the CIS network using a 1660/Modem
 300 (c) and an auto log file using
'VIDTEX' (c) terminal software.

   Refer to the auto start prg. on your
 'VIDTEX' (c) disk. Load then list the
program and change line 10 to the
filename of the name you give this file.
 An example is on page 38 of the
'VIDTEX' (c) users guide. Then save this
 file under any legal filename.

   Next load 'VIDTEX' (c) and then run
it. Select meta I to create a new auto
log file. Name this file exactly as the
name you gave in line 10 in the above
program. The program will prompt;


with a 1660 modem/300;

        Prompt:$
      Response:_@1_&PHONE NUMBER
        Prompt:$
      Response:_%_%_%^c$
        Prompt:ID:
      Response:YOUR ID NUMBER
        Prompt:word:
      Response:YOUR PASSWARD

At this point I assume that most every
one can enter the proper prompts &
responses to navigate once on line.

        note; $=escape
              _=meta function
              %=wait 2 seconds
              &=wait 1/2 second
              @=dial phone

        When you want to end the auto
log file enter a '$',(escape),at both
Prom	:,Response: then 'VIDTEX' will
close the file.
        Remove the disk then turn off
the computer and turn it on. Load the
auto start program with the file name
you gave to the first program you saved.
 NOTE;'VIDTEX' and the AUTO START
PROGRAM and the AUTO LOG programs MUST
be on the same disk.
        If you want it to run automatic
then enter the load this way;
        LOAD"your filename",8:
        yes print a ":" after the 8 then
 hold the shift key down and press the
run/stop key. Itshould then print	OAD
behind the ":".It will load then run by
its self then it will load vidtex,which
will load the auto log file and execute
it.
        Uploaded with 'VIDTEX' (c)
 as a seq file.


any questions leave message in forum


Rick 75606,2167


Modem to Modem direct transfers

Make your connections as shown below using a single phone wire.  If both of 
the modems have the LINE connections hard wired (permanently connected), 
you can use an inline coupler such as Radio Shack #279-358.

  ________________________
 |                        |
 |        MODEM # 1       |
 |                        |
 |                        |
 |                        |
 |   WALL                 |
 |    or                  |
 |   LINE          PHONE  |
 |____-______________-____|
      |
      |
      |______________
                     |
  ____ ______________|____
 |    -              -    |
 |  PHONE           LINE  |
 |                   or   |
 |                  WALL  |
 |                        |
 |                        |
 |      MODEM # 2         |
 |                        |
 |________________________|


Once you get the modems connected as shown, you are ready to do a little 
research about your term programs.

Does one or the other of your terminal programs offer a mini-BBS feature, 
sometimes called auto-answer mode or remote mode?  If not, you will have to 
experiment some to fin	a way to get the transfers started.  One possible 
way would be to tell one computer to upload and then tell the second 
computer to download.  I have not tried this, but it may work.

Now load your terminal programs for each computer.  Set each terminal 
program for the same parameters (baud rate, word bits, parity, stop bits).  
You will be limited to the slowest modem for baud rate, but if both are 
2400, by all means try 2400 first and then 1200 if you need to slow down to 
eliminate errors.  Word bit	 parity, and stop bits are commonly set to 8N1 
or 7E1, but just be sure BOTH terminals are set the same.  Also set both 
terminals to local echo (a mini-BBS mode may do this automatically).

Connection is a little strange, since you do not have the ring from the 
phone company.  Have one computer dial the other, using an auto dial 
feature or Hays AT command of ATDT1.  Have the second computer answer with 
a forced answer feature or Hays AT command ATA.  You should now have a 
connection that will allow 	u to transfer files.  If one of the terminals 
will operate as a remote (or mini BBS), place it in the remote mode and 
issue all commands from the other terminal.

One last thing.  If the computers do not use the same Operating System, you 
may only be able to transfer TRUE ASCII text files.  I have heard of some 
BASIC files being transfered, but I am not sure of the techniques involved.  
As an example, a basic a Commodore program would have to be untokenized to be 
transfered to another type machine, 	d other basic programs would need to be 
tokenized to run on a Commodore.
                     What You Need To Know About Modems
     
December 25, 1991
Version 1.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 1991 Patrick Chen. All rights reserved.

Distribution Notice: This document may be distributed by electronic bulletin 
boards and commercial on-line services. This document may not be edited or 
changed in any way for redistribution.
 
This article is Part One of a three-part report entitled "The Joy of 
Telecomputing." As a plain ASCII file, it cannot contain any of the 
illustrations and graphic elements provided in the printed version. For 
further information about "The Joy of Telecomputing," see Appendix C.
     
This article should be useful to anyone interested in high-speed modems (or 
2400 bps modems with MNP-5 or V.42bis). Most modems mentioned in this article 
are external units. These modems can be used on any microcomputer system, be 
it a PC, a Macintosh or an Amiga. Although only certain communication programs 
are used as examples, the discussions about setting up software apply to 
packages not covered herein.

It is assumed that the reader knows the basics about going online. For 
example, we would not discuss how to connect an external modem to your 
computer, nor would we explain what 8-N-1 means.

This file is in the IBM ASCII format. Each line ends with a linefeed and a 
carriage return. If you use a Macintosh, open the file with a text editor and 
get rid of the linefeeds. (I recommend McSink, a shareware text editor widely 
available. Just launch McSink and open the file, then choose the Convert menu 
and select Strip Linefeeds.)

To print this document, use a 10-pitch (12 characters per inch) mono-spaced 
font such as Courier.

Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. 
However, information contained herein is subject to change without notice and 
should not be construed as a commitment by the author who assumes no 
responsibilities for any errors that may appear.

Trademarks: The author has attempted throughout this document to distinguish 
proprietary trademarks from discriptive terms by following the capitalization 
style used by the manufacturer.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS

Introduction
Modulation Protocols
     2400 bps modems
     High-speed modems
          V.32
          V.32bis
          U.S. Robotics HST
          Telebit PEP
          Hayes Express 96
          CompuCom CSP
     Things to come
          V.fast
          ISDN
Error Control Protocols
     V.42 and MNP-4
     V.42 & MNP-4 can provide error-free connections
     V.42 and MNP-4 can improve throughput
     Are MNP 4/V.42 useful?
Data Compression Protocols
     MNP-5 & V.42bis
     Are MNP-5 & V.42bis useful?
     Compression by Software vs. MNP-5/V.42bis
     Local Flow Control and Data Buffering
     Macintosh and high-speed modems
     PC and UART
Profiles of High-speed modems
     ATI 9600etc/e
     CompuCom SpeedModem Champ/Star/Storm
     Hayes modems
     Image Communications: Twincom 96/42
     Intel 9600EX & 14.4EX
     Practical peripherals PM9600SA & PM9600
     Prometheus modems
     Telebit modems 
     U.S. Robotics modems
     Zoom V.32 Turbo Modems
     Things to come
Buying a High-speed Modem
     Should you pay the extra for a V.32bis modem?
     Should you buy a modem with a proprietary modulation protocol?
     Should you buy a 2400 bps modem with V.42bis?
     Beware of the ads
Setting Up Software to Work with High-speed Modems
     The Proper Software Setup    
     Does Your Software Initialize the Modem Properly?
     Does Your Software Configure Itself to Match the Modem Settings?
     Why You May Need to Change the Initialization String
     Editing the Initialization String
     Match Software Settings To the Modem Settings
Configuring Popular Communications Software to Work with High-speed Modems
     Procomm 2.0
     Telix
     Qmodem
     HyperAccess 5
     Crosstalk for Windows
     MicroPhone II (for Macintosh)
     ZTerm (for Macintosh)
Other Settings for Your Communications Software
     Telephone Number
     Dial String: ATDT
     8-N-1 or 7-E-1 (data bits-parity-stop bits)
     Half vs. Full Duplex: Local Echo
     Terminal Emulation
     Comm Port 
     File Transfer Protocols
          ASCII
          Xmodem
          Xmodem-1K
          Ymodem
          Ymodem-g
          Zmodem
          Kermit
          Sealink
          Which file transfer protocol should you use?
Appendix A: Resources
Appendix B: How to reach the author
Appendix C: About "The Joy of Telecomputing"
      
      
     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------


Introduction
     
     Buying and using a modem used to be relatively easy. Not so long ago, 
     almost all modems are 1200 or 2400 bps units and they are all compatible 
     with the Hayes Smartmodems (although some are more Hayes-compatible than 
     others). How time has changed. 
     
     Today, modems not only run faster, they are also loaded with features 
     like error control and data compression. Suddenly, you are confronted 
     with all the buzzwords: V.32, V.32bis, V.42, V.42bis, MNP-5, LAP-M, etc. 
     What do they mean? And what do they mean to you?
      
     To make the most of a high-speed modem, you need to understand three 
     different kinds of protocols and the relationships among them. They are 
     the modulation protocols, error control protocols and data compression 
     protocols.
     
Modulation Protocols
     
     Modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator. A modem converts digital signals 
     generated by the computer into analog signals which can be transmitted 
     over a telephone line and transforms incoming analog signals into their 
     digital equivalents.
     
     The specific techniques used to encode the digital bits into analog 
     signals are called modulation protocols. The various modulation 
     protocols define the exact methods of encoding and the data transfer 
     speed. In fact, you cannot have a modem without modulation protocols. A 
     modem typically supports more than one modulation protocols.
     
     The raw speed (the speed without data compression) of a modem is 
     determined by the modulation protocols. High-speed modems are modems 
     that feature modulation protocols at 9600 bps or higher. A 2400 bps 
     modem with data compression that can theoretically yield a 9600 bps 
     throughput is not a high-speed modem.
     
     "CCITT" is a French acronym for the International Telegraph and 
     Telephone Consultative Committee. CCITT, a United Nations agency, is an 
     international telecommunications standards committee that makes 
     recommendations on a broad range of subjects concerning data 
     communications.
     
  2400 bps Modems
     
     A 2400 bps Hayes-compatible modem typically supports the following 
     modulation protocols:
     
     Bell 103         (300 bps U.S. Standard)
     Bell 212A        (1200 bps U.S. Standard)
     CCITT V.22       (1200 bps standard used outside the U.S.)
     CCITT V.22bis    (2400 bps International Standard)
     
     Some 2400 bps modems also support the following protocols:
     
     CCITT V.21       (300 bps standard used outside the U.S.)
     CCITT V.23       (1200/75 and 75/1200 bps, used in Europe)
     
     In the past, most 2400 bps modems do not support any error correction or 
     data compression protocols. Recently, however, many modem manufacturers 
     have introduced 2400 bps modems with extra features like data 
     compression, error correction and fax capability. 
     

  High-speed Modems
  
     There are two standard modulation protocols for high-speed modems: V.32 
     and V.32bis. Both are standards established by the CCITT.
     
     V.32
     
     This is the standard for 9600 (and 4800) bps modems. CCITT V.32 is 
     adopted by the CCITT in 1984. But the market has not taken off until 
     recently. V.32 modems used to cost more than modems using proprietary 
     modulation protocols (Hayes introduced the Smartmodem 9600, a V.32 
     modem, in 1988 with a $1999 price tag). But it is no longer true. At 
     present, street prices for most V.32 modem are below $500. Every modem 
     manufacturer is making V.32 modems now. Packet-switching networks like 
     Sprintnet (Telenet) and CompuServe are also starting to support V.32 
     modems. Companies that make modems with proprietary modulation protocols 
     are making modems with "dual standard." U.S. Robotics, Telebit, Hayes 
     and CompuCom all have modems that support V.32 and their own proprietary 
     protocols.
     
     V.32bis
     
     V.32bis, established in early 1991, is the CCITT standard for 14400 bps 
     modems. A V.32bis modem also can fall back to 12000, 9600, 7200 and 4800 
     bps. V.32bis is downwardly compatible with V.32.
     
     Unlike 2400 bps modems where a single modulation protocol (V.22bis) is 
     supported by all modem makers, there are several proprietary modulation 
     protocols used by modems from different manufacturers. 
     
     U.S. Robotics HST (High Speed Technology)
     
     Until the recent surge of V.32 modems, the U.S. Robotics HST was the de 
     facto standard in the PC-based BBS community. U.S. Robotics introduced 
     the Courier HST modem in 1986 and pioneered the market for high-speed 
     modems in the IBM PC environment. The immense popularity of the HST 
     modems was partly due to the generous discount program U.S. Robotics 
     offered to the BBS Sysops (SYStem OPerators). Many modem manufacturers 
     have implemented similar Sysop discount programs, but most BBS sysops 
     remain loyal to the U.S. Robotics modems.
     
     The original Courier HST modem ran at 9600 bps. U.S. Robotics later 
     improved the speed of the Courier HST to 14400 bps.
     
     Although U.S. Robotics remains committed to the HST modems, there are 
     now three different high-speed Courier modems available: the Courier HST 
     (which only supports the HST protocol), the Courier V.32bis (which only 
     supports V.32bis) and the Courier HST Dual Standard (which supports both 
     the HST and the V.32bis protocols). 
     
     Telebit PEP (Packetized Ensemble Protocol)
     
     Telebit introduced the TrailBlazer in 1985 that employed a proprietary 
     modulation protocol called PEP. While the Courier HST is popular among 
     BBS, Telebit modems dominate the UNIX UUCP and Usenet communities. 
     (Usenet, UUCP and the Internet are discussed in Part II of "The Joy of 
     Telecomputing"). 
     
     The TrailBlazer Plus owes its success partly to its built-in support for 
     the UUCP g-protocol, thus allowing efficient and flawless UUCP session. 
     PEP also performs well even with noisy telephone lines. The actual 
     throughput is around 14400 bps. The TrailBlazer Plus has an installed 
     base of more than 120,000 units.
     
     Telebit also introduced a cheaper (and slower) PEP modem, the T1000, in 
     1988.
     
     Hayes Express 96
     
     Hayes entered the high-speed modem arena in 1987 with the introduction 
     of the V-series Smartmodem 9600. The modem used a proprietary modulation 
     protocol called Express 96 (also known as Hayes "Ping Pong" protocol). 
     The V-series modems have not been as successful as the U.S. Robotics or 
     the Telebit modems.
     
     CompuCom CSP (CompuCom Speed Protocol)
     
     While every modem manufacturer is jumping on the V.32 bandwagon, 
     CompuCom bucked the trend and came out with the SpeedModem Champ in 
     early 1991. It's a 9600 bps modem with a proprietary modulation 
     protocol called CSP. The SpeedModem Champ has one strong selling point. 
     It is the only modem with a proprietary protocol that costs less than a 
     generic V.32 modem. The internal SpeedModem Champ is priced at $169. An 
     external version is available for $199. Hundreds of PC-based bulletin 
     board systems have installed the SpeedModem Champ. The Champ also works 
     as a Hayes-compatible 2400 bps modem with MNP 2-4 error control and 
     MNP-5 data compression.
     
     Two modems can establish a connection only when they share a common 
     modulation protocol. To connect at high speed, two modems have to 
     support the same high-speed modulation protocol. Therefore, a modem with 
     a proprietary modulation protocol can only establish a high-speed 
     connection with another modem from the same manufacturer. A U.S. 
     Robotics HST modem can only establish a high-speed connection (at 9600 
     or 14400 bps) with another HST or an USR Dual Standard modem. A Courier 
     HST modem cannot establish a high-speed connection with a Courier 
     V.32bis modem. They can only connect at 2400 bps. (All high-speed modems 
     in the market support the CCITT V.22bis modulation protocol).
     
     On the other hand, two V.32 modems can talk to each other at 9600 bps. 
     They do not have to be from the same manufacturer. Two V.32bis modems 
     can talk to each other at 14400 bps. A V.32 modem can talk to a V.32bis 
     modem at 9600 bps.
     
     
  Things to come
     
     V.fast

     CCITT is working on a new modem standard, dubbed V.fast. If all goes 
     well, the next modem standard can materialize before 1993. A V.fast 
     modem is expected to reach a raw speed of 19,200-24,000 bps over 
     standard dial-up telephone lines.
     
     ISDN

     In a couple of years we may not need modems at all. Integrated Services 
     Digital Network (ISDN) has been coming for years. When will ISDN really 
     become available for the rest of us? It depends on your local telephone 
     company. It is estimated that by the end of 1994 about half the 
     telephone connections in the U.S. will has access to it. With ISDN, you 
     won't need a modem since no modulation or demodulation will be 
     necessary. You will need an ISDN adapter instead.
     
     An ISDN line carries three digital channels: two "B" channels that carry 
     various kinds of data at 64,000 bps and a "D" channel at 16,000 bps that 
     can carry control signals or serve as a third data channel.
     
     A single ISDN channel can transfer uncompressed data bidirectionally at 
     64,000 bps. Combine that with a data compression scheme and you will be 
     able to transfer data at hundreds of kilobits per second.
     
     Eventually, ISDN will provide widely available, low-cost digital 
     communications for voice and data communication. Until ISDN is firmly in 
     place, high-speed modems will be with us for a while. 
     
Error Control (Error-Correcting, Error Correction) Protocols
     
     Besides high-speed modulation protocols, all current models of 
     high-speed modems also support error control and data compression 
     protocols. 
     
  V.42 and MNP-4
     
     There are two standards for error control protocols: MNP 4 and V.42. The 
     Microcom Networking Protocol, MNP, is developed by Microcom. MNP 2 to 4 
     are error correction protocols. MNP-5 is a data compression protocol. 
     V.42 is established by CCITT. V.42 actually incorporates two error 
     control schemes. V.42 uses LAP-M (Link Access Procedure for Modems) as 
     the primary scheme and includes MNP-4 as the alternate scheme. 
     Therefore, a V.42 modem will be able to establish an error-controlled 
     connection with a modem that only supports MNP 4.
  
     A modem that uses a proprietary modulation protocol may also use a 
     non-standard error control protocol. For example, Hayes V-series 
     Smartmodem 9600 supports an error control protocol called LAP-B. 
     CompuCom's SpeedModem Champ also uses a non-standard error control 
     protocol.
     
     
  V.42 & MNP-4 can provide error-free connections
     
     Modems without error control protocols, such as most 2400 bps 
     Hayes-compatible modems, cannot provide error-free data communications. 
     The noise and other phone line anomalies are beyond the capabilities of 
     any standard modem to deliver error-free data. 
     
     V.42 (and MNP 2-4) copes with the phone line impairments by filtering 
     out the line noise and automatically retransmitting corrupted data. If 
     you have used a standard Hayes-compatible modem, you probably notice 
     some garbled characters (like "@8d_\nw`[ce") show up on your screen from 
     time to time. When two modems establish an error-controlled connection, 
     they are said to have a reliable link and are capable of filtering out 
     those garbled characters caused by the line noise. Notice that the line 
     noise is still there, it just does not show up on your screen or the 
     screen on the remote system.
     
     The filtering process used by V.42 (and MNP 2-4) is similar to the error 
     correction scheme used by file transfer protocols (such as Xmodem). The 
     two modems use a sophisticated algorithm to make sure that the data 
     received match with the data sent. If there is a discrepancy, the data 
     is resent.
     
     What is the difference between error control protocols (such as V.42) 
     and file transfer protocols (such as Xmodem)? 
     
     For one thing, file transfer protocols provide error detection and 
     correction only during file transfers. File transfer protocols do not 
     provide any error control when you are reading e-mail messages or 
     chatting with other people online. In other words, an error control 
     protocol is "on" all the time during your online session and file 
     transfer protocols are "on" only some of the times, namely when you are 
     sending or receiving files.
     
     Even though an error control protocol is "on" all the time, we still 
     need file transfer protocols when two modems establish a reliable link. 
     A modem works with bit streams, timing and tones. It does not understand 
     what a file is. When you download or upload a file, your communications 
     software needs to take care of the details related to the file: the 
     filename, file size, etc. This is handled by the file transfer protocol 
     which does more than error-checking.
     
     Some file transfer protocols, most notably Ymodem-g and Imodem, are 
     developed to handle file transfer without performing any error-checking. 
     The idea of using a protocol like Ymodem-g is to eliminate the 
     redundancy thus improve the transfer speed. Ymodem-g and Imodem should 
     only be used with modems that provide built-in error control protocols. 
     These file transfer protocols do not provide any error-detection or 
     recovery capability. If a problem occurs during the file transfer, the 
     transfer session will be aborted.
     
     Protocols like Ymodem-g or Imodem depend on the modems to provide 
     assurance for the integrity of data being transferred. However, you 
     should know that a reliable link between two modems does not provide 
     absolute guarantee for the data integrity during file transfer. When you 
     call a remote computer, there are really three links involved in the 
     process. Besides the link between the two modems, there are still one 
     link between your computer and your modem and another link between the 
     remote modem and the remote computer. When two modems make a reliable 
     connection using V.42 or MNP 4, only the data integrity between the two 
     modems is ensured. It is still possible for errors to occur at either 
     end between the serial port and the modem (in the cable) or in the 
     computer itself. (Fortunately, such errors are rare.)
     
     For extra protection, you may still want to use a file transfer protocol 
     - such as Zmodem - which also performs error checking even if you have a 
     reliable link with the remote system. There is a common misconception 
     that Ymodem-g is much faster than other file transfer protocols. 
     Although Ymodem-g is significantly faster than Ymodem, it offers little 
     over Zmodem. Zmodem has proven to be extremely efficient. (See benchmark 
     below) 
     
        
        Filename          Ymodem      Ymodem-g      Zmodem
        -------------------------------------------------------
        the-wave.txt      1527 cps    3261 cps      3296 cps
        dayrpt.arc         761        1042          1025  
        dayrpt.wks        1244        2314          2337
        sunset.arc         745         987           965
        sunset.pic        1297        2594          2588
        text109k.arc       814        1089          1064
        text109k.txt      1351        2812          2885
        
        
        Note: The seven test files used throughout this article are available 
        on the Hayes BBS (800-874-2937). It is an excellent source for 
        information about Hayes products. The BBS also provides a database 
        for thousands of BBS in the U.S. Best of all, it is free.
        
        Unless noted otherwise, the results are obtained by using the 
        following:
        
        Computer: Mac SE with Mobius Two Page Display with 68030 accelerator
        Modem: ATI 9600etc/e (the modem is set as V.32 with V.42bis enabled)
        Operating System: System 7.0
        Communication Software: ZTerm (Comm port speed set to 38400 bps)
        File Transfer Protocol: Zmodem
        
        All results are reported by ZTerm. (I use several communication 
        programs on both IBM PC and Mac. All of them show the average 
        throughput while file transfer is in progress, but ZTerm actually 
        produces a report after the transfer is completed).
     
     
  V.42 & MNP-4 can improve throughput
     
     The other benefit of V.42 (or MNP 4) is that it can improve throughput. 
     Before sending the data to a remote system, a modem with V.42 (or MNP 4) 
     assembles the data into packets and during that process it is able to 
     reduce the size of the data by stripping out the start and stop bits.
     
     A character typically takes up 1 start bit, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit 
     for a total of 10 bits. When two modems establish a reliable link using 
     V.42 or MNP 4, the sending modem strips the start and stop bits (which 
     subtracts 20% of the data) and sends the data to the other end. The 
     receiving modem then reinserts the start and stop bits and pass the data 
     to the remote computer.
     
     Therefore, even without compressing the data you can expect to see as 
     much as 1150 characters per second on a 9600 bps connection. (Although 
     the modem subtracts 20% of the data, the speed increase is less than 20% 
     due to the overhead incurred by the error control protocol.) Here are 
     the test results obtained by downlaoding the same file (1) without any 
     error control protocol, (2) with MNP-4, and (3) with V.42. No data 
     compression protocol is used.
     
     
        Filename               No EC        MNP-4        V.42
        ------------------------------------------------------------------
        the-wave.txt           935 cps      1151 cps     1128 cps
        dayrpt.arc             863          1023         1002
        dayrpt.wks             898          1071         1052
        sunset.arc             838           971          953
        sunset.pic             903          1080         1065
        text109k.arc           908          1085         1064
        text109k.txt           937          1150         1127
             
     
     
  Are MNP4 and V.42 useful?

     Absolutely. Anyone that has ever used a standard modem can appreciate 
     the benefit of an error-free connection. And the increase in data 
     throughput, though modest, is nothing to sneeze at.
     
     
Data Compression Protocols
     
     Besides error control protocols, all current high-speed modems also 
     support data compression protocols. That means the sending modem will 
     compress the data on-the-fly and the receiving modem will decompress the 
     data to its original form. 
     
  MNP-5 and V.42bis
     
     There are two standards for data compression protocols, MNP-5 and CCITT 
     V.42bis. Some modems also use proprietary data compression protocols.
     
     A modem cannot support data compression without utilizing an error 
     control protocol, although it is possible to have a modem that only 
     supports an error control protocol but not any data compression 
     protocol. A MNP-5 modem requires MNP 4 error control protocol and a 
     V.42bis modem requires V.42 error control protocol.
     
     Also note that although V.42 include MNP-4, V.42bis does not include 
     MNP-5. However, virtually all high-speed modems that support CCITT 
     V.42bis also incorporate MNP-5.
     
     The maximum compression ratio that a MNP-5 modem can achieve is 2:1. 
     That is to say, a 9600 bps MNP-5 modem can transfer data up to 19200 
     bps. The maximum compression ratio for a V.42bis modem is 4:1. That is 
     why all those V.32 modem manufacturers claim that their modems provide 
     throughput up to 38400 bps.
     
  Are MNP-5 and V.42bis useful?
     
     Don't be fooled by the claim. It is extremely rare, if ever, that you 
     will be able to transfer files at 38400 bps. In fact, V.42bis and MNP-5 
     are not very useful when you are downloading files from online services. 
     Why?
     
     How well the modem compression works depends on what kind of files are 
     being transferred. In general, you will be able to achieve twice the 
     speed for transferring a standard text file (like the one you are 
     reading right now). Decreasing by 50% means that you can double the 
     throughput on the line so that a 9600 bps modem can effectively transmit 
     19200 bps.
     
     V.42bis and MNP-5 modem cannot compress a file which is already 
     compressed by software. In the case of MNP-5, it will even try to 
     compress a precompressed file and actually expand it, thus slow down the 
     file transfer! Here are the test results obtained by downloading the 
     three compressed files using (1) MNP-4 without data compression, (2) 
     MNP-5, (3) V.42 without data compression, and (4) V.42bis. 
     
     
        Filename          MNP-4         MNP-5         V.42         V.42bis
        -------------------------------------------------------------------
        dayrpt.arc        1023 cps      946           1002         1010
        sunset.arc         971          935            953          950 
        text109k.arc      1085          988           1064         1053 
        
     
     
     If you have ever downloaded files from a BBS or online service, you know 
     that almost all files are in a compressed format. Therefore, you should 
     only expect to see an actual throughput between 950 to 1100 cps even if 
     your V.32/V.42bis modem is supposed to offer throughput "up to" 38400 
     bps. 
     
     Most PC files are in the ZIP format. Macintosh files are typically in 
     the .SIT (Stuffit) or .CPT (Compact Pro) format. Amiga files are usually 
     in the ZOO, ARC or LZH format. Note that GIF files are also in a 
     compressed format.
     
  
  Compression by Software vs. MNP-5/V.42bis
     
     There are several reasons why compression software programs (such as 
     PKZIP or Stuffit) are superior to MNP-5 or V.42bis.
     
     1. Compressed files save disk storage space.
     
     2. Compression software programs are more versatile. Most of them allow 
        you to group several files in a compressed file archive to ensure 
        that all the related files get transferred at the same time. 
     
     3. Software compression is more efficient than on-the-fly modem 
        compression. In the case of a small file, this may not make much 
        difference. But the difference can be significant when you are 
        transferring large files.
     
        Filename          Size               Time           Throughput
        -----------------------------------------------------------------
        the-wave.txt      143579 bytes       43 seconds     3296 cps
        dayrpt.arc          8423 bytes        8 seconds     1010 cps
        dayrpt.wks         19712 bytes        8 seconds     2337 cps
        sunset.arc          5084 bytes        5 seconds      950 cps
        sunset.pic         16391 bytes        6 seconds     2643 cps
        text109k.arc       29775 bytes       28 seconds     1053 cps
        text109k.txt      111386 bytes       39 seconds     2822 cps
     
     
     As we can see from the test results, it is about 30% faster to transfer 
     the compressed file text109k.arc than to download the text file with 
     V.42bis.
     
     Hayes BBS does not provide a compressed version for the file 
     the-wave.txt. Using PKZIP (for PC) and Stuffit (for Macintosh), we 
     obtain the following results:
     
     the-wave.zip: 6812 bytes (PKZIP)
     the-wave.sit: 6081 bytes (Stuffit)
     
     Assuming a transfer speed of 1000 cps, the compressed file can be 
     downloaded in 7 seconds. That's six times faster than downloading the 
     text file with V.42bis!
     
     Here is another example. Spider Island Software BBS (714-730-5785) has a 
     test file called One-Minute Max. It is a Macintosh TIFF file (file size 
     206,432 bytes). According to Spider Island Software, the file can be 
     downloaded in 56 seconds (with an effective throughput of 3745cps) with 
     a V.32/V.42bis modem.
     
     The result may seem impressive at first. However, the file can be 
     compressed to 6065 bytes (with Compact Pro) or 7385 bytes (with 
     Stuffit). Assuming a transfer speed of 1000 cps, it would only take 6-8 
     seconds to transfer. Again, it is seven to nine times faster than 
     downloading the file with V.42bis.
     
     On-the-fly modem compression does have one advantage. It is more 
     convenient. You can send a file without compressing it first and the 
     recipient does not need to decompress the file.

     
  Local Flow Control and Data Buffering
     
     To get the most from a modem with data compression, you'll want to send 
     data from your PC to the modem as quickly as possible. If the modem is 
     idle and waiting for the computer to send data, you are not getting the 
     maximum performance from the modem. 
     
     For example, you have a V.32/V.42bis modem and you want to send a text 
     file to a remote system which also has a V.32/V.42bis modem. Let's 
     assume the modem is able to send the file at 20000 bps using V.42bis. If 
     your computer is sending data to your modem at 9600 bps, your modem will 
     have to stop and wait to receive data from your computer.
     
     To get the maximum performance, you want to set the computer to send 
     data to the modem at 38400 bps (the maximum a V.32/V.42bis modem can 
     achieve). Since the modem can only send the file to the other modem at 
     20000 bps, it will never have to wait.
     
     Here are the test results for downloading the text file the-wave.txt by 
     setting the communication port at different speeds:
     
     the-wave.txt:    946 cps (modem port speed 9600 bps)
                      1885 cps (modem port speed 19200 bps)
                      3296 cps (modem port speed 38400 bps)
     
     
     However, there is a new problem. Since your computer is sending data 
     faster than the modem can handle, there needs to be some ways for the 
     modem to ask the computer to stop sending data. Otherwise, data loss is 
     sure to occur. This is where local flow control comes into play.
     
     A high-speed modem typically supports two kinds of local flow control: 
     hardware handshaking (CTS/RTS) and software handshaking (XON/XOFF). Of 
     the two, hardware flow control is the preferred method.
     
     We have mentioned earlier that there are three links involved when you 
     are connected to a remote system:
     
     1. The link between your computer and your modem
     2. The link between the modems
     3. The link between the remote modem and the remote computer
     
     Local flow control is used for the first and third links. Notice that 
     the first link may not use the same kind of flow control as the third 
     link.
     
     Hardware flow control (or hardware handshaking) works by altering 
     voltage levels on the RTS (Request To Send) and CTS (Clear To Send) 
     signal lines at the RS232 serial interface between the modem and the 
     computer.
     
     CTS is used by the modem on the sending end of a transmission. When the 
     local modem is ready to receive data, it sends the CTS signal to the 
     local computer and the computer starts transferring data. If the modem 
     is unable to accept the data as fast as it is received from the 
     computer, the modem will disable the CTS to inform the computer that the 
     modem buffer is almost full (A high-speed modem typically contains a 
     small amount of RAM which is used to provide data buffers). The computer 
     will then suspend data transfer. Once the local modem has emptied its 
     buffer by transmitting data to the remote modem, it will enable CTS 
     again.
     
     RTS is used by the computer on the receiving end of a transmission. When 
     the computer cannot accept data at the rate at which the modem is 
     passing data, it will disable RTS. The computer enables RTS again when 
     it is ready to resume receiving data from the modem.
     
     Software flow control (or software handshaking) is achieved by embedding 
     control character in the data stream. XON and XOFF are the most commonly 
     used control characters. XON is also known as Control-Q or DC3 (ASCII 
     19) while XOFF is known as Control-S or DC1 (ASCII 17).
     
     The use of XON and XOFF during data transfer can create problem when a 
     binary file contain the Control-S (^S) character as a legitimate part of 
     the data. Do not use this method if ^S and ^Q are part of the 
     transmitted data.
     
     
  Macintosh and High-speed Modems
     
     If you use a Macintosh with a high-speed modem, you will need a special 
     modem cable that is wired correctly to support hardware handshaking. You 
     can order the cable from most mail-order companies that sell high-speed 
     modems. I got mine from Maya Computer (800-541-2318) for $10 (plus $2.50 
     for shipping & handling).
     
     Unfortunately, the cable did not work with my SE. The cable is good 
     since it worked fine on a Mac IIsi. It just refused to work on my SE. I 
     was disappointed but not surprised. After all, my SE is equipped with a 
     25 Mhz 68030 accelerator. (Well, it is actually both an accelerator and 
     a video adapter for a 19 inch dual-page monitor.) Since I will never 
     want to run my SE without the accelerator, I have no choice but to use 
     software handshaking.
     

  PC and UART (8250, 16450, 16550)
     
     Your PC's serial port has a UART (Universal Asynchronous 
     Receiver/Transmitter) chip to control the input/output. The XT usually 
     has an 8250 UART, the AT usually has a 16450 UART. If you are running 
     Windows, Desqview, OS/2 or any other multitasking environment, you 
     should upgrade your UART with the 16550 (if your PC does not already 
     have one). The 16550 is standard in most IBM PS/2 and many 386-based 
     computers. The 16550 UART has a 16 bytes FIFO (first in, first out) 
     buffer that helps to prevent degradation when several programs are 
     running at the same time.
     
     If you use an external modem, the UART is in your computer (either on 
     the motherboard or on an I/O card that has the serial port). If you use 
     an internal modem, the UART is on the modem. (Both internal modems from 
     Practical Peripherals and Zoom use the 16550 UART. The Twincom 96/42 
     uses a 16450. The CompuCom SpeedModem Champ, due to its unique design, 
     does not use a standard UART.)
     
     Even if you have a 16550 UART, the communication software that you use 
     will need to support it. Fortunately, the most recent versions of 
     popular communications programs are all designed to support the 16550 
     UART.
     
     Hayes ESP (Enhanced Serial Port)
     Hayes makes an adapter called Enhanced Serial Port (ESP) that has two 
     serial ports complete with an on-board coprocessor. The ESP can save 
     your PC's CPU from having to manage the work load. If a 16550 UART is 
     not good enough for you, the ESP may be the only answer.
     
     
Profiles of High-speed Modems

Here are profiles of some high-speed modems. The list is not comprehensive, 
nor is it intended to be. Unless noted otherwise, the street price quoted are 
from PC Connection (800-243-8088) in PC Magazine (12/31/91). PC Connection 
generally does not offer the lowest price, but the service is excellent. I 
have dealt with PC Connection and MacConnection (800-800-4444) for years 
and have yet to be disappointed with their services.

Unless noted otherwise, a V.32/V.42bis modem supports V.32, MNP2-5, 
V.42/V.42bis. And a V.32bis/V.42bis modem supports V.32bis, MNP 2-5, 
V.42/V.42bis. Most modems listed here are introduced in the past eighteen 
months.
     
     
  ATI 9600etc/e
     
     ATI Technologies is well known for their video adapters. But they also 
     make a V.32/V.42bis external modem. As of this writing, it is the least 
     expensive external modem from an established manufacturer. It is a 
     generic high-speed modem that works well. The street price for the ATI 
     9600etc/e is $379.
     
     I have been using an ATI 9600etc/e for several months now and I am very 
     pleased with it. I will not hesitate to recommend it to anyone looking 
     for an affordable V.32/V.42bis modem.
     
     There are two things I really like about the ATI modem: 
     * It has a slide volume control on the outside so you can easily adjust 
       the volume by hand.
     * It has factory settings for three different modes: V.32 only, V.32 
       with MNP-5, V.32 with V.42bis. It is very convenient if you need to 
       initialize the modem in different ways.
     
  CompuCom SpeedModem Champ/Star/Storm

     The SpeedModem Champ is a 9600 bps high-speed modem with CompuCom's 
     proprietary CSP modulation protocol. It is introduced in early 1991. It 
     can be ordered from CompuCom directly at a discount price of $169. The 
     CompuCom Champ is supported by hundreds of BBS in the U.S., including 
     heavyweights such as EXEC-PC and Channel 1.

     CompuCom also markets the SpeedModem Combo which is a SpeedModem Champ 
     with fax and voice mail capabilities. The current price is $269.

     The SpeedModem Storm is a dual-mode modem. It supports both CSP and 
     V.32/V.42bis. The discount price is $299 (internal) and $339 (external). 
     The Storm is also available with fax and voice mail options for an 
     additional $90.

     The SpeedModem Star is also a dual-mode modem. It supports both CSP and 
     V.32bis/V.42bis. The discount price is $499 (internal) and $539 
     (external). The Star is also available with fax and voice mail options 
     for an additional $90.

  Hayes Modems
     
     V-series Smartmodem 9600. Introduced in 1987, this is a high-speed modem 
     that supports the proprietary Hayes Express 96 modulation protocol. The 
     V-series Smartmodem 9600 is still available from various mail order 
     vendors. There is also an internal unit called V-series Smartmodem 
     9600B.
     
     Smartmodem 9600. Introduced in 1988, the Smartmodem 9600 is a V.32 
     modem. It does not support any error control or data compression 
     protocol. Don't confuse this unit with the V-series Smartmodem 9600.
     
     Ultra 96 is a dual-mode modem from Hayes. Introduced in 1990, the Ultra 
     96 supports both V.32/V.42bis and the Hayes Express 96 modulation 
     protocol. Ultra 96 has many unique features that are not needed if you 
     are calling BBS or online services. The current street price is $669.
     
     Introduced in Fall 1991, Ultra 144 is a dual-mode modem that supports 
     both V.32bis/V.42bis and the Hayes Express 96 protocol. The current 
     street price is $799.
     
     Optima 96 is a plain vanilla V.32/V.42bis modem. This is Hayes' answer 
     to the "generic" V.32/V.42bis modem. The current street price is $479.
     
  Image Communications: Twincom 96/42
     
     The Twincom 96/42 is an internal V.32/V.42bis modem. It lists for $299. 
     (Don't expect to get discount on the price.) It just won a 1991 Best Buy 
     Award from Computer Shopper. Notice that it has a 16450 UART, not a 
     16550. Furthermore, you cannot replace the 16450 with a 16550, the 
     Twincom 96/42 will not support a 16550 UART at all.
     
  Intel 9600EX & 14.4EX

     The 9600EX is a V.32/V.42bis modem. The 14.4EX is a V.32bis/V.42bis 
     modem. PC Connection is selling the 9600EX for $499 and the 14.4EX for 
     $549. If you decide to buy an Intel modem, the 14.4EX is obviously a 
     better deal.
     
  Practical Peripherals PM9600SA & PM9600
     
     The PM9600SA is a V.32/V.42bis modem. It is designed to be compatible 
     with the Hayes Ultra 96. That means you can tell your communications 
     software that you have a Hayes Ultra 96. However, the PM9600SA only 
     responds to a subset of the commands supported by the Hayes Ultra 96. 
     Any commands specific to the Hayes Ultra 96 that are not implemented in 
     the PM9600SA will be ignored. 
     
     Some early PM9600SA units have quite a few problems connecting to other 
     V.32 modems. (Make sure you send in the warranty card.) Practical 
     Peripheral has since sent out several ROM upgrades and the current 
     shipping units seem to be working fine.
     
     Practical Peripherals also makes an internal modem that features a 16550 
     UART. You can get the PM9600SA for $469 and the internal PM9600 for 
     $399. 

  Prometheus Modems

     Prometheus modems are available from many Macintosh mail order 
     companies. Until recently, Prometheus is the only manufacturer that 
     makes high-speed modems with fax capability.
     
     Promodem 9600 Plus is a V.32/V.42bis modem. It can also send and receive 
     Group III fax at 9600 bps.
     
     Prometheus Ultima is a V.32bis/V.42bis fax modem. It can also send and 
     receive Group III fax at 9600 bps. MacConnection sells the Ultima for 
     $689.

     
  Telebit Modems
     
     Telebit makes several modems. The prices quoted for the Telebit modems 
     are their new list prices.
     
     TrailBlazer Plus. $849. Introduced in 1985, the Trailblazer has been the 
     de facto standard in the UNIX UUCP and Usenet communities. With the new 
     pricing, you should consider the T2500 or the T3000 instead of the 
     TrailBlazer Plus if you need to connect to a Telebit PEP modem.
     
     T1000. Introduced in 1988, the T1000 is the little brother of the 
     TrailBlazer Plus. The T1000 supports PEP at a slower speed. The actual 
     throughput is about 9600 cps. The current list price is $699. Unlike the 
     TrailBlazer Plus, the T1000 does not have callback or password security.
     
     T2500. $949. Introduced in 1989 when V.32 modems started to enter the 
     market, the T2500 supports both V.32/V.42bis and PEP. The maximum 
     throughput is 19,200 bps due to the limitation imposed by the older 
     Rockwell chipset used.
     
     T1600. $699. The T1600 is a V.32/V.42bis modem introduced in 1991. It 
     provides built-in support for UUCP and offers password and callback 
     security.
     
     T3000. $949. This is the top of the line model from Telebit. The T3000 
     is a V.32bis/V.42bis modem. PEP upgrade is available for $99 until 
     3/31/92. After that date, the upgrade will be $199.
     
     QBlazer. $745. If I am going to buy another high-speed modem today, this 
     will be it. (I use a notebook computer). QBlaser is the first portable 
     V.32/V.42bis modem (2.3"x2.4"x2.4"). It works with a 9-volt battery for 
     about two hours.
     
     Note that T1600, T2500, T3000 all offer the following features:
     * Built-in support for UNIX UUCP, Xmodem, Ymodem, Kermit file transfer 
       protocols 
     * Two types of dial-access security: password security and callback 
       security
     * Remote management and diagnostics     
     
  U.S. Robotics Modems
     
     Courier HST. This is the modem that made U.S. Robotics the king of 
     PC-based BBS communities. Unless you are only going to communicate with 
     other USR HST modems, it is probably not a good idea to purchase this 
     unit. The street price for a 14400 bps HST is $550-$600. Telemart 
     (800-521-1973) sells either the internal or the external version for 
     $559.
     
     Courier V.32bis. Introduced in 1990, this is a V.32bis/V.42bis modem. It 
     does not support HST. Telemart offers the external version for $565 and 
     the internal version for $535.
     
     Courier HST Dual Standard. This unit is introduced in 1990. If you need 
     to connect to HST modems and also want to be able to talk to other 
     V.32/V.32bis modems, this is the modem to buy. Its current street price 
     is around $800. Telemart sells the HST Dual Standard for $799. (Note 
     that earlier HST Dual Standard modems only support V.32 and not 
     V.32bis.) The HST Dual Standard is considered by many PC users as the 
     best modem money can buy.
     
     The only reservation I have about the Courier modems is their size. The 
     external Courier modems are rather bulky: 8.3" wide, 12.65" deep, 1.57" 
     tall. I would not want to carry one of these with me when I travel. 
     (It's bigger than my notebook computer.)
     
     Sportster 9600 V.42bis. This unit is introduced in 1991. The Sportster 
     9600 is an entry level V.32/V.42bis modem from U.S. Robotics. The list 
     price is $645 for the external version. ($595 for the Internal version). 
     
     WorldPort 9600 V.32. The WorldPort 9600 is a portable pocket modem. 
     Originally made by Touchbase Systems, the WorldPort 9600 is a V.32/MNP-5 
     modem. It does not support V.42/V.42bis. The WorldPort 9600 works with a 
     9-volt battery. The list price is $699.
  
  Zoom V.32 Turbo Modems

     Zoom has been making Hayes-compatible modems for a long time. The V.32 
     Turbo is their entry into the high-speed modem arena. The V.32 Turbo is 
     a V.32/V.42bis with a 12000 bps turbo mode which is compatible with a 
     V.32bis modem at 12000 bps. Zoom also makes an internal version of the 
     V.32 Turbo that features a 16550 UART. PC Connection sells the internal 
     model for $399.
     
  Things to come
  
     Every modem manufacturer makes at least one V.32/V.42bis modem now. And 
     soon every manufacturer will also make a V.32bis/V.42bis modem. The 
     price for V.32 and V.32bis modems will continue to drop.
     
     In fact, Supra has announced an external V.32 fax modem (SupraFaxModem 
     V.32) for $299 and an external V.32bis fax modem (SupraFaxModem V.32bis) 
     for $399. These prices are for the modems only. Communication and fax 
     software will be bundled with the modem for an additional $50-$70. 
     (These modems won't be available at least until January 1992.)
     

Buying a High-speed Modem
     
     V.32 and V.32bis modems are clearly the standards of high-speed modems 
     today. You should buy a V.32 or a V.32bis modem unless
     
     1. Your application requires a high-speed modem with a proprietary 
        modulation protocol. In this case, you should consider a dual-mode 
        modem that support both the proprietary protocol and V.32 (or 
        V.32bis).
     
     2. You cannot afford a V.32 modem. In this case, your only choice for a 
        high-speed modem is the CompuCom SpeedModem Champ.
     
  
  Should you pay the extra for a V.32bis modem?
     
     A V.32bis modem is faster than a V.32 modem but it also costs more. 
     Should you pay the extra for the speed difference? That depends on two 
     factors: what's the price difference and how do you want to reach the 
     remote system. If the price difference is $50, I would buy the V.32bis 
     modem. But what if the price difference is $200?
     
     Assuming the remote system support V.32bis, a V.32bis modem will pay for 
     itself rather quickly if you are placing long distance calls to the 
     remote system. However, it may be more cost-effective for you to use 
     some packet-switching networks to reach the remote system by calling a 
     local number. A V.32bis modem will be wasted since none of the 
     packet-switching networks currently support V.32bis. In fact, they are 
     just starting to offer 9600 bps access service. Part III of "The Joy of 
     Telecomputing" provides a comprehensive discussion of the issues 
     involved.
     
     
  Should you buy a modem with a proprietary modulation protocol?

     With the exception of the CompuCom SpeedModem Champ, it is generally not 
     a good idea to purchase a modem which only supports a proprietary 
     modulation protocol. If you have to connect to a modem that uses a 
     proprietary modulation protocol, you should consider getting a modem 
     that supports dual modulation protocols (USR Courier Dual Standard, 
     Telebit 2500 or 3000, Hayes Ultra).
     
     Should you buy the SpeedModem Champ? It certainly costs much less than 
     even the least expensive generic V.32 modem in the market today. 
     Assuming the systems you are calling support both V.32 and the CompuCom 
     Champ modems, should you save the money and buy the Champ?
     
     Unfortunately, there is no clear-cut answer to the question. The answer 
     again depends on how you are going to reach the remote systems. If you 
     want to reach the remote systems via a packet-switching network, the 
     CompuCom Champ may not be a good choice. 
     
     The CompuCom Champ is generally not supported by packet-switching 
     networks (The only company that supports the CompuCom Champ is 
     Connect-USA). As a result, you will only be able to connect at 2400 bps 
     with the packet-switching networks. You would be forced to place a long 
     distance call if you want to connect at 9600 bps. See Part III of "The 
     Joy of Telecomputing" for the various issues involved.
     
     
  Should you buy a 2400 bps modem with V.42bis?

     If you are thinking of purchasing a 2400 bps modem with V.42bis data 
     compression, think again.
     
     We have mentioned earlier that V.42bis and MNP-5 are useless for 
     downloading compressed files. There is one more reason why a 2400 bps 
     with V.42bis is generally not useful when you are calling commercial 
     online services or BBS. 
     
     Online services and BBS usually have separate phone numbers for 2400 bps 
     and high-speed modems. Most of them do not support V.42bis on their 2400 
     bps lines. Therefore, you won't be able to make a connection with 
     V.42bis if you call their 2400 bps modem lines.
     
     Couldn't you call their 9600 bps lines? Well, not really. Commercial 
     online services, as well as many bulletin board systems, typically do 
     not allow you to call their high-speed modem lines with a 2400 bps 
     modem. You won't be able to make a connection even if you try.
     
     You should seriously consider the CompuCom SpeedModem Champ instead of a 
     2400 bps modem with V.42bis. The CompuCom Champ will probably give you 
     much more for your money (especially if you need to pay more than $100 
     for the V.22bis/V.42bis modem).
     
  
  Beware of the Ads
  
     Current V.32 modems typically support MNP 2-5 and V.42/V.42bis. However, 
     there are still some earlier models of V.32 modems in the market which
     1. may not support any error control or data compression protocol (Hayes 
        Smartmodem 9600).
     2. may support MNP 2-5 but not V.42/V.42bis. 
     3. may support proprietary data compression protocol (Microcom MNP-9).
     4. may support V.42 but not V.42bis (Prometheus).
     
     
     When a modem is said to offer a 38400 bps speed (or throughput), it may 
     mean that
     1. it is a V.32 or V.32bis modem with V.42bis
     2. it is a V.32 modem with proprietary data compression protocol (some 
        Microcom modems)
     3. it is a high-speed modem with proprietary modulation protocol and 
        V.42bis (U.S. Robotics Courier HST)
     4. it is a high-speed modem with proprietary modulation protocol and 
        proprietary data compression protocol (CompuCom Champ)
     
     An ad that says "USR modem, 38400 bps throughput, V.42bis" does not tell 
     us anything except that the modem is made by U.S. Robotics. It could be 
     any one of the three Courier modems. It could even be a Sportster 9600.
     
     
     When a modem is said to offer a 9600 bps speed (or throughput), it may 
     mean several things:
     1. it is a V.32 modem
     2. it is a high-speed modem using proprietary modulation protocol (Hayes 
        V-series Smartmodem 9600, Telebit 1000, etc).
     3. it is a 2400 bps modem with V.42bis data compression.
     4. it is a 2400 bps modem with 9600 bps fax
     5. it is a 2400 bps modem both V.42bis and fax
     
     
     
Setting Up Software To Work With High-speed Modems
     
     Getting a high-speed modem is only half the battle. You will need to get 
     it to work with your communications program. Most communications 
     programs still come with settings configured for standard 2400 bps 
     modems.
     
     Since all 2400 bps modems are Hayes-compatible, it is relatively easy to 
     set up the software. You simply install the software as if you had a 
     Hayes modem. The software usually will work flawlessly. And you don't 
     really have to worry about things like the initialization string.
     
     Getting a high-speed modem to work with your software is a different 
     story. There is no longer a Hayes standard that everyone follows. Here 
     are some of the reasons why you need to know how to configure your 
     high-speed modem to work with your communications program.
     
     First, your high-speed modem may not be supported by your software.
     
     Secondly, even if your software supports your high-speed modem, the 
     software may not be set up properly.
     
     Finally, even if your software is set up properly, the settings may not 
     work all the times.
     
  The Proper Software Setup
     
     When we say that the software is set up properly, we mean that
     
     1. the modem is initialized properly by the communications software, and
     2. the settings of your software match those of the modem
     
     What is the proper way to initialize a high-speed modem? In general, 
     your modem needs to be initialized to:
     
     * Enable V.42bis Data Compression
     * Enable hardware flow control
     * Handle the DTR and CD signals properly (by adding &C1&D2 to the modem 
       initialization string)
     
     We'll use the ATI 9600etc/e modem as an example for our discussions 
     below. The initialization string described here is for the ATI modem 
     only. Refer to your modem manual for the equivalent initialization 
     string for your modem.
     
     The ATI modem is supported by two popular communications programs: 
     Qmodem and HyperAccess 5. Qmodem initializes the modem and also 
     configures itself to use hardware flow control. HyperAccess 5 also 
     initializes the modem properly, however it does not configure itself to 
     use hardware flow control. 
     
     All modems come with default settings pre-configured from the factory. 
     Many V.32 high-speed modems are preset to use V.42bis and hardware flow 
     control when they are turned on. This optimal configuration enables the 
     modem to automatically negotiate a connection with either another V.32 
     modem supporting V.42bis or MNP protocols (or even a standard modem).
     
     Interestingly enough, not all high-speed modems are configured this way. 
     The ATI 9600 etc/e modem, for example, is preset to use V.32 without 
     error control or data compression at power-on. (Why? Good question.)
     
     As a result, your communications program needs to issue the appropriate 
     initialization string (AT&F2) to set up the ATI modem to use V.32 with 
     V.42bis and hardware flow control.
     
     There is another change required. And it has to do with the parameters 
     controlling how the modem deals with two of the RS232 signals: DTR (Data 
     Terminal Ready) and CD (Carrier Detect). 
     
     CD is a signal generated by the modem which is used to indicate its 
     connection status. DTR is a signal generated by your computer. DTR is 
     used to enable the modem to accept commands from your communications 
     program, it is also used by most modems to determine when to disconnect 
     a call.
     
     The factory default setting for DTR tells the modem to ignore change in 
     DTR (&D0), and the setting for CD forces CD always on (&C0). These 
     specific settings are required by some dedicated dumb terminals in order 
     to communicate with the modem. (Virtually all modems use &C0&D0 as the 
     default setting.) However, these settings will often cause problems when 
     hanging up the phone lines or produce an error message which says the 
     modem is online when it is not.
     
     Most communications software programs expect the modem to follow DTR and 
     expects CD to follow carrier. &C1&D2 set the parameters for the modem to 
     handle the DTR and CD signals as expected by most communications 
     programs.
     
     Therefore, the proper initialization string to use for the ATI modem 
     should be AT&F2&C1&D2.
     
  Does Your Software Initialize the Modem Properly?
     
     Let's take a look at the initialization strings used by Qmodem and 
     HyperAccess 5 for the ATI 9600etc/e modem. 
     
     HyperAccess 5 use the following initialization string
       
     AT&F2E1V1L0Q0W2X4&C1&D2S11=55
     
     This string is longer than the one we suggest. But does it do more? 
     Actually it doesn't. Many of the commands in the string are redundant or 
     not necessary. Only AT&F2&C1&D2 are crucial.
     
     Four of the commands - E1, V1, Q0 and X4 - are redundant since they are 
     duplications of the factory default settings. (Check your modem manual 
     to find out what they mean. Since you would most likely need to read it 
     sooner or later, you might as well get started now.)
     
     L0 does not apply to the ATI modem. L0 normally is used to set modem 
     speaker volume to the lowest level. However, the ATI 9600etc/e modem 
     does not respond to the L0 command. Unlike most modems, the ATI modem 
     has a slide volume control on the right side for adjusting the volume 
     level.
     
     The other two commands (W2 and S11=55) are not redundant, but they are 
     not necessary.
     
     W2 sets the modem to report Negotiation result codes in single line 
     format instead of the default three line format (W1).
     
        Three line format:              Single line format:
        -----------------               ------------------
        CARRIER 9600                    CONNECT 9600/LAP-M
        PROTOCOL: LAP-M
        CONNECT 38400
           
     
     S11=55 (default is 95) sets the modem to dial at a faster speed than the 
     factory setting.
     
     Despite the fact that its initialization string contains some redundant 
     commands, HyperAccess 5 does properly initialize the ATI modem.
     
     Although HyperAccess 5 will initialize the modem with the string every 
     time you dial a remote system, the program does not change the factory 
     default settings for the ATI modem (which is V.32 without error control 
     or data compression). Every time you turn the modem off and back on, the 
     modem will revert to its factory defaults.
     
     Unlike HyperAccess 5 (and other communications programs), Qmodem does it 
     in a different way. It actually replaces the old factory default setting 
     (AT&F) of the ATI modem with a new default configuration (AT&F2&C1&D2).
     
     When you first install Qmodem to work with an ATI 9600 etc/e modem, the 
     program sends the following two strings to the modem (make sure the 
     modem is connected to your PC and is turned on):
           
     AT&F2^M
     AT&C1&D2&W^M
     
     The first string sets the modem as V.32 with V.42bis enabled, hardware 
     flow control enabled (among other things). Note that ^M is equivalent to 
     sending a Carriage Return to the modem.
     
     The second string changes the factory settings of the CD and DTR 
     (&C0&D0) and then write (&W) all the new active configuration settings 
     to the nonvolatile memory of the modem. The new settings are now stored 
     by the modem and become the new default configuration when the modem is 
     powered on (or when it received the ATZ command).
     
     Thus, Qmodem simply sends the initialization string "ATZ^M" (which 
     resets the modem to its default state, now AT&F2&C1&D2) to the modem 
     whenever you load the program.
     
     Although the two programs use different techniques, the result is the 
     same. The modem is initialized as V.32/V.42bis with hardware flow 
     control enabled, which is normally the optimum setting.
     
  Does Your Software Configure Itself to Match the Modem Settings?
     
     Besides sending the right initialization string to the modem, the 
     communications software will also need to match the modem setting. 
     Specifically, the communications software should also use hardware flow 
     control since the modem is initialized with hardware flow control 
     enabled.
     
     One would expect that when a software initializes the modem to use 
     hardware flow control, the software itself would also use hardware flow 
     control. But it is not always true. As we mentioned earlier, HyperAccess 
     5 initializes the modem with hardware flow control enabled, but expect 
     you to change the flow control settings in each individual dialing 
     entry.
     
  Why You May Need to Change the Initialization String
     
     In general, the string AT&F2&C1&D2 should work without any problem. But 
     there is no guarantee that it will always work. When it does not work, 
     you'll normally need to change the initialization string to solve the 
     problems.
     
     Here are a few reasons why the initialization string used by your 
     communications program may not work:
     
     1. The settings need adjustments to work with the system you are 
        calling.
     
        Case 1: When I called the Hayes BBS, the modem would abort and failed 
        to make a connection. It turned out that the default setting (30 
        seconds) of the S7 register is not long enough for the ATI modem to 
        make a connection with the Hayes Ultra 96 modem on the other end. 
     
        Solution: To establish a connection to the Hayes BBS, I need to add 
        "S7=60" to the modem initialization string and also change the 
        setting in the communications software to wait 60 seconds for a 
        connection.
        
        By initializing the modem with the string AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60, I was 
        able to connect without any problem. (The default setting for the S7 
        register is not universal, the Hayes Ultra and Practical Peripheral 
        use 50 seconds as the default value.) Note that there is nothing 
        special about the number 60. In my particular case, any number larger 
        than 45 will work.
        
        Case 2: When I call a system that uses the Telebit T1600 modems, I 
        cannot make a connection if the ATI modem is set to use V.42bis or 
        MNP-5. The ATI modem will only connect reliably when it is set to use 
        MNP-4.
     
        Solution: To connect successfully, I have to set up the modem as V.32 
        with MNP-4 by sending the string AT&F1&U0 to the ATI modem. (AT&F1 
        sets the ATI modem as V.32 with MNP-5, &U0 turns off data 
        compression.)
     
     2. Your communication software may not be compatible with the setting. 
        For example, America Online implemented an error-correcting scheme in 
        the software (both the PC and the Mac versions) which is not 
        compatible with the modem's error correction protocol.
     
        Solution: To use America Online, you need to turn off error control 
        on the modem. AT&F configures the ATI modem as V.32 without error 
        control.
     
     3. Your computer hardware may not work with the setting. As I mention 
        earlier, you need a properly wired cable for the Mac to use hardware 
        flow control. If you do not have the right cable or if your Mac 
        simply won't work with the cable, you will need to use software flow 
        control. (&K4 tells the ATI modem to use software flow control.)
     
        Solution: To use the ATI modem in V.32/V.42bis mode with my Mac, I 
        need to disable hardware flow control and use XON/XOFF software flow 
        control instead. The string AT&F2&K4&C1&D2S7=60 sets up the modem 
        properly (again, S7=60 is for calling the Hayes BBS).
     
     4. You may need to change the setting to achieve better performance. It 
        is advisable that you turn off MNP-5 while downloading pre-compressed 
        files from a remote system that has a MNP-5 modem. You can initialize 
        the ATI modem to turn off MNP-5 data compression with the string 
        AT&F1&U0.
     
     
     Again, the initialization string used here is for the ATI modem only. If 
     you use a different modem, you would need to check with the modem manual 
     to find out the equivalent commands to use.
                 
                 
  Editing the Initialization String
     
     If the initialization string provided by your software does not work (or 
     if your software does not support your modem at all), you'll need to 
     edit the initialization string in your communications program.
     
     The modem initialization string consists of a series of commands (called 
     the AT commands). They can be divided into three groups:
      
     1. A capital character followed by a digit. For example, M1.
     2. An ampersand & and a capital character followed by a digit. For 
        example, &M1. Note that M1 is different from &M1.
     3. Sr=n where "r" is the number of the register to be changed and "n" is 
        the new value that is being assigned. For example, S7=60.
     
     There are some other characters that may also appear in the modem 
     initialization string. These characters normally should not be changed.
     
        AT      tells the modem that modem commands follow.
        
        Z       resets the modem to default state
        
        ~       makes your software pause for half a second. You can use 
                more than one ~ in a row. For example, ~~~~ tells the       
                software to pause two seconds.
        
        ^M      sends the terminating Carriage Return character to the 
                modem. This is a control code that most communication       
                software translate as a "carriage return."
     
     
     Let's assume that the appropriate initialization string to use is 
     AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60 (for the ATI modem). You'll need to replace this string 
     with the one provided by your communications software.
     
     If your software does not support your modem, you can install the 
     program by telling it that you have a Hayes modem. After the 
     installation, you'll simply edit the initialization string with the 
     appropriate one. Please make sure you do not delete any ~ or ^M.
     
     Here are some examples, 
     
     1. To change the string provided by Procomm Plus
      
            ATE1 S7=60 S11=60 V1 X1 Q0 S0=0^M
     
        Use the string 
        
            AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M
     
     2. To edit the string used by Telix
           
            ATZ^M~~~AT S7=45 S0=0 V1 X4^M
     
        change it to 
     
            ATZ^M~~~AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M 
         
     3. To replace the initialization string provided by ZTerm (Macintosh)
     
            ATE1M1 V1^M 
     
        use the following string
     
            AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M
     
     
  Match Software Settings To the Modem Settings 

     Besides using the right initialization string, you also need to make 
     sure that the settings in your communications program match those of the 
     modem.
     
     Speed setting
     
     If you have a modem that supports data compression. You want to make 
     sure that the speed setting for the entries in your dialing directory is 
     the maximum throughput. Here are the general rules of thumb:
     
     For a V.32bis/V.42bis modem, set speed to 38400 or 57600 bps (check your 
     modem manual).
     For a V.32/V.42bis modem, set speed to 38400 bps. 
     For a V.32/MNP-5 modem, set speed to 19200 bps. 
     For a V.22bis/V.42bis modem, set speed to 9600 bps. 
     For a V.22bis/MNP-5 modem, set speed to 4800 bps.
     
     Note: Your computer may not be fast enough to work reliably at 38400 or 
     57600 bps. Also, the communications programs you use may not support 
     speed higher than 19200 bps.
     
     
     Hardware flow control
  
     Note that you will need to configure your software to use hardware 
     handshaking if the modem is initialized to use hardware flow control.
     
     
     Dialing Time-out Value
  
     Independent from your modem setting, your software may also impose a 
     limit on how long it will wait for a connection. If you initialize the 
     modem with the command S7=60, you'll need to change the time-out value 
     used by your software to 60 seconds accordingly.
     
Configuring Popular Communications Software to Work with High-speed Modems
     
     Below are brief instructions for configuring some popular communications 
     programs to work with a high-speed modem. The particular initialization 
     string is for the ATI 9600etc/e modem. It is assumed that the 
     appropriate initialization string to use is AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60.
     
     Make sure you save the changes you make. 
  
  
  Procomm Plus 2.0
  
     To change the modem initialization string: (Global, i.e. it works with 
     every dialing entry)
     1. Load Procomm, press Alt-S
     2. Select Modem Options
     3. Select Modem Commands
     4. Press A 
     5. Change the initialization string to AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M
     
     To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Global)
     1. Load Procomm, press Alt-S
     2. Select Modem Options
     3. Select General Options
     4. Press A
     5. Type 60 and press Return
     
     To enable hardware flow control: (Global)
     1. Load Procomm, press Alt-S
     2. Select Terminal Options
     3. Press D (hardware flow control)
     4. Press Space Bar to toggle, press Return to accept
     5. Press C (software flow control)
     6. Press Space Bar to toggle, press Return to accept
     
  Telix
     
     To change the modem initialization string: (Global)
     1. Press Alt-O
     2. Select Modem and dialing
     3. Select A (Init String)
     4. Change the initialization string to ATZ^M~~~AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M
     
     To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Global)
     1. Press Alt-O
     2. Select Modem and dialing
     3. Select K (Dial time) and enter 60 press Return
     
     To enable hardware flow control (Global)
     1. Press Alt-O
     2. Select Terminal options
     3. Press J (XON/XOFF software flow control)
     4. Select Off
     5. Select K (CTS/RTS hardware flow control)
     6. Select On 
     7. Press ESC to exit
     
  Qmodem
  
     To change the modem initialization string: (Global)
     1. Press Alt-N
     2. Press M to select Modem menu
     3. Select Modem Commands
     4. Press Return
     5. Change the initialization string to AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M
     
     To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Global)
     1. Press Alt-N
     2. Press M to select Modem menu and Press Return to select Communication 
        Parameters
     3. Press H to select Timeout delay
     4. Type 60 and press Return
     5. ESC to exit
     
     To enable hardware flow control: (Global)
     
     1. Press Alt-N
     2. Select Toggles
     3. Press Return to toggle XON/XOFF flow
     4. Select CTS/RTS flow
     5. Press Return to toggle
     6. ESC
     7. ESC
     8. Press E for Exit
     9. Save Changes
     
     
  HyperAccess 5
  
  Note: HyperAccess 5 supports the ATI 9600etc/e. However, HyperAccess 5 does 
  not let you edit the initialization string directly. You can add additional 
  setup commands to change the modem settings for each individual dialing 
  entry.
     
     To change the modem initialization string: (Individual, i.e. it works 
     only with the particular dialing entry)
     1. Select Define system settings from the Main menu
     2. Select Modify
     3. Use cursor to select the system to modify and press Enter
     4. Select Hardware from the System settings menu
     5. Select Modem
     6. Select Additional modem setup commands
     7. Type S7=60
     8. Press ESC twice to go back the Main menu
     
     To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection:
     N/A
     
     To enable hardware flow control: (Individual)
     1. Select Define system settings from the Main menu
     2. Select Modify
     3. Use cursor to select the system to modify and press Enter
     4. Select Hardware from the System settings menu
     5. Make sure that Data terminal ready signal is output on DTR, delete 
        RTS if it is listed
     6. Select Communications port
     7. Select Incoming hardware handshaking and type CTS
     8. Select Outgoing hardware handshaking and type RTS
     
     
  Crosstalk for Windows
  
     To change the modem initialization string: (Global)
     1. Pull down Setup menu and select Modem...
     2. Select Custom and click on Settings
     3. Change the initialization string to ^M~AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M
     4. Click OK
     
     To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Individual)
     1. Pull down File menu and select Open a phone book entry 
     2. Open the phone book entry
     3. Pull down Setup menu and select Session
     4. Click on More
     5. Change the value in Allow xx seconds for the host to answer
     
     To enable hardware flow control: (Individual)
     1. Pull down File menu and select Open a phone book entry 
     2. Open the phone book entry
     3. Pull down Setup menu and select Device
     4. Click on RTS/CTS and click OK 
     
  
  MicroPhone II (for Macintosh)
  
     To change the modem initialization string: (Individual)
     1. Choose Settings Menu
     2. Select Communications
     3. Choose V.32 Standard from the Modem Driver list box
     4. Click OK
     5. Hold down the Command key and choose Scripts menu
     6. Select Modify Script
     7. Click the Modem Scripts button
     8. Double-click on Modem_Init
     9. Double-click on the first line that says 
             Set Variable * mcmd from Expression "'AT....'"
     10. Change the initialization string in the lower right box to   
             'AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M'
     11. Double-click on the second line that says
             Set Variable * mcmd from Expression "'AT....'"
     12. Change the initialization string in the lower right box to   
             'AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M'
     13. Click OK
     14. Press the Option key and choose the File menu
     15. Select Save Modem Driver (If you want to save the driver under a new 
         name, select Save Modem Driver As... in the File Menu. Name the new 
         driver, and save it into the Modem Folder.)
           
     To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection:
     N/A
     
     To enable hardware flow control: (Individual)
     1. Pull down Settings Menu
     2. Select Communications
     3. Click on the Hardware Handshake box
     
  ZTerm (for Macintosh)
  
     To change the modem initialization string: (Global)
     1. Choose Settings Menu and select Modem
     2. Change Init String to AT&F2&C1&D2S7=60^M
     
     To set the software to wait 60 seconds for connection: (Individual)
     1. Choose Settings Menu and select Modem
     2. Edit Dial Timeout
     
     To enable hardware flow control: (Global)
     1. Choose Settings Menu and Select Flow Control
     2. Uncheck Xon-Xoff Receive
     3. Uncheck Xon-Xoff Send
     4. Check HW Handshake 
     
     
Other Settings for Your Communications Software
  
  Telephone Number
  
     Online services use different phone numbers for different kinds of 
     modems. To get the best throughput, make sure you dial the right phone 
     number. Note that many bulletin board systems do not allow calling their 
     high-speed modem lines with 2400 bps modems. You would be disconnected.
     
     For example: 

     EXEC-PC, the largest BBS in the United States, has the following 
     telephone numbers:
     
     #1: Standard 2400 bps modems                        414-789-4210 
     #2: US Robotics HST 9600 MNP5                       414-789-4337
     #3: US Robotics HST 14400 & V.32/V.42bis/MNP5       414-789-4352
     #4: US Robotics V.32bis/V.42bis & HST               414-789-4360
     #5: CompuCom Speedmodem 9600 MNP5 modems            414-789-4450
     #6: Hayes 9600B V-series modems, NON-V.32           414-789-4315
     
     
     If you have a 9600 bps HST modem, call #2.
     If you have a 14400 bps HST modem, call #3 or #4. You can also call #2 
     but you won't be able to get the best throughput.
     If you have a V.32 modem, call #3 or #4.
     If you have a V.32bis modem, call #4. You can also call #3 but you won't 
     get the best throughput.
     If you have a CompuCom SpeedModem Champ, call #5
     If you have a CompuCom SpeedModem Storm, call #3 or #4 (V.32), #5 (CSP)
     If you have a CompuCom SpeedModem Star, call #4 (V.32bis), you can also 
     call #3 or #5 but you can only connect at 9600 bps.
     If you have a Hayes V-series Smartmodem 9600 (or 9600B) modem, call #6.
     
     
  Dial String: ATDT
  
     You don't have change the dialing string unless you use a PBX system or 
     have call waiting service.

     PBX
     If you have to dial the digit 9 to obtain an outside line, Use ATDT9, 
     (the comma , instructs the modem to pause two seconds). This allows 
     enough time for the dial tone to occur before the modem dials. You can 
     use as many commas as you like.

     Call Waiting
     Call waiting service will disrupt modem sessions. If your telephone 
     company supports the ability to disable call waiting, use the dial 
     string ATDT*70, (make sure you add the comma ,) instead of ATDT.
     
     ATDT*70,123-4567
     
     Also, adding 1170 after the ATDP dial command can be used to disable 
     call-waiting on some pulse-dialing phone systems. Check with your phone 
     company to see if these features are supported.
     
     
  8-N-1 or 7-E-1 (data bits-parity-stop bits)
     
     In general, set the parameters to 8-N-1. If you are calling a commercial 
     online service (such as GEnie), you may need to set the parameters to 
     7-E-1.
     
  Half vs. Full Duplex: Local Echo
     
     The only popular on-line service that uses half duplex is GEnie.
     
  Terminal Emulation
     
     If you are using an IBM compatible, choose IBM PC or ANSI.
     Otherwise, try VT102, VT100, VT52, TTY.
     
  Comm Port 
     
     For your computer to talk to your modem, you need to tell the software 
     where to find the modem. If you use a PC with an external modem, you 
     need to specify which serial port the modem is connected to. If you have 
     an internal modem, you need to configure the modem and tell the software 
     which COM port the modem is configured for.
     
     If you use a Macintosh, specify whether your modem is connected to the 
     modem port or the printer port.
     
  File Transfer Protocols

     Errors that occur during file transfer are automatically detected and 
     corrected by file transfer protocols. If a block of data is received 
     incorrectly, the receiving system sends a message to the sending system 
     and requests the re-transmission. This process is automatic. When errors 
     occur during file transfer, the communication program shows an error in 
     the file transfer status window.
     
     ASCII
     
     This is designed to work with ASCII text files only. Notice that you do 
     not have to use this protocol when transferring text files. The ASCII 
     protocol is useful for uploading a text file when you are composing 
     e-mail online.
     
     Xmodem
     
     Xmodem is one of the most widely used file transfer protocols. The 
     original Xmodem protocol uses 128-byte packets and a simple "checksum" 
     method of error detection. A later enhancement, Xmodem-CRC, uses a more 
     secure Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method for error detection. Xmodem 
     protocol always attempts to use CRC first. If the sender does not 
     acknowledge the requests for CRC, the receiver shifts to the checksum 
     mode and continues its request for transmission.
     
     Xmodem-1K
     
     Xmodem 1K is essentially Xmodem CRC with 1K (1024 byte) packets. On some 
     systems and bulletin boards it may also be referred to as Ymodem. Some 
     communication software programs, most notably Procomm Plus 1.x, also 
     list Xmodem-1K as Ymodem. Procomm Plus 2.0 no longer refers to Xmodem-1K 
     as Ymodem. 
     
     Ymodem
     
     Ymodem is essentially Xmodem 1K that allows multiple batch file 
     transfer. On some systems it is listed as Ymodem Batch.
     
     Ymodem-g
     
     Ymodem-g is a variant of Ymodem. It is designed to be used with modems 
     that support error control. This protocol does not provide software 
     error correction or recovery, but expects the modem to provide the 
     service. It is a streaming protocol that sends and receives 1K packets 
     in a continuous stream until instructed to stop. It does not wait for 
     positive acknowledgement after each block is sent, but rather sends 
     blocks in rapid succession. If any block is unsuccessfully transferred, 
     the entire transfer is canceled.
     
     Zmodem
     
     This is generally the best protocol to use if the electronic service you 
     are calling supports it. Zmodem has two significant features: it is 
     extremely efficient and it provides crash recovery.
     
     Like Ymodem-g, Zmodem does not wait for positive acknowledgement after 
     each block is sent, but rather sends blocks in rapid succession. If a 
     Zmodem transfer is canceled or interrupted for any reason, the transfer 
     can be resurrected later and the previously transferred information need 
     not be resent.
     
     Kermit
     
     Kermit was developed at Columbia University. It was designed to 
     facilitate the exchange of data among very different types of computers 
     (mainly minicomputers and mainframes). You probably will not need to use 
     Kermit unless you are calling a minicomputer or mainframe at an 
     educational institution.
     
     Sealink
     
     Sealink is a variant of Xmodem. It was developed to overcome the 
     transmission delays caused by satellite relays or packet-switching 
     networks.
     
     Which file transfer protocol should you use?
     
     In general, I recommend Zmodem. If Zmodem is not supported by the system 
     you are calling, use Ymodem-g. (If you are connecting to a UNIX system 
     in a university, you may have to use Kermit or Xmodem to transfer 
     files.)
     
     Here are the test results obtained by downloading the files using 
     various file transfer protocols. The number before the parentheses is 
     the transfer speed (in cps) and the number in the parentheses is the 
     time elapsed (in seconds).
     
     Protocol         Xmodem    Xmodem-1K   Ymodem     Ymodem-g    Zmodem
     ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     the-wave.txt     429(334)  1508(95)    1527(94)   3261(44)    3296(43)
     dayrpt.arc       314(26)    758(11)     761(11)   1042(8)     1025(8)  
     dayrpt.wks       415(47)   1252(15)    1244(15)   2314(8)     2337(8)
     sunset.arc       337(15)    771(6)      745(6)     987(5)      965(5)
     sunset.pic       399(41)   1337(12)    1297(12)   2594(6)     2588(6)
     text109k.arc     343(86)    817(36)     814(36)   1089(27)    1064(27)
     text109k.txt     410(271)  1379(80)    1351(82)   2812(39)    2885(38)
     
     
     



************************************************************************


Appendix A: Resources

Here is a list of selected modem manufacturers.

Manufacturer           Information      Tech Support     Support BBS 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ATI Technologies       (416) 756-0718   (416) 756-0711   (416) 756-4591
Cardinal               (800) 233-0187   (717) 293-3124   (717) 293-3074
Compucom               (800) 228-6648   (408) 732-4500   (408) 738-4990
Hayes                  (404) 441-1617   (404) 441-1617   (800) 874-2937
Image Communications   (201) 935-8880   (201) 935-8880   n/a
Intel                  (800) 538-3373   (503) 629-7000   (503) 645-6275
Microcom               (800) 822-8224   (617) 551-1313   (617) 551-1655
Multi-Tech             (800) 328-9717   (800) 328-9717   (612) 785-9875
Practical Peripherals  (800) 442-4774   (818) 991-8200   (818) 706-2467
Prometheus             (800) 477-3473   (503) 624-0571   (503) 691-5199
Supra                  (800) 727-8772   (503) 967-2440   (503) 967-2444
Telebit                (800) 835-3248   (800) 835-3248   n/a
U.S. Robotics          (800) 342-5877   (800) 982-5151   (708) 982-5092
Zoom                   (800) 666-6191   (617) 423-1076   (617) 451-5284




Support BBS for Communications Programs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Procomm Plus (Datastorm Technologies, Inc.)              (314) 875-0523
Telix (Exis Inc.)                                        (416) 439-9399
Qmodem (The Forbin Project, Inc.)                        (319) 233-6157
HyperAccess 5 (Hilgraeve Inc.)                           (313) 243-5915
Crosstalk for Windows (DCA)                              (404) 740-8428
MicroPhone II (Software Ventures)                        (415) 849-1912
ZTerm                                                    n/a



************************************************************************


Appendix B: How to reach the author

If you have any comments or suggestions, I'll love to hear from you. You can 
reach me via

America Online:  Pat Chen
CompuServe:      70754,3162
DELPHI:          POC
FidoNet:         1:161/444.38
GEnie:           p.chen2
MCI Mail:        445-6669
Internet:        445-6669@mcimail.com
                 70754.3162@compuserve.com
                 pchen@cup.portal.com

U.S. Mail:       Patrick Chen
                 P.O. Box 5325
                 Irvine, CA 92716

     
************************************************************************


Appendix C: About "The Joy of Telecomputing"

What is "The Joy of Telecomputing?"
     
     "The Joy of Telecomputing" is a 200-page (and growing), three-part 
     report consisting of the following articles: "What you need to know 
     about modems,""Life beyond CompuServe" and "Is AT&T the right choice?" A 
     glossary and an index are also provided.
     
     The discussions in "The Joy of Telecomputing" are devoted to the 
     following online activities: file transfer (downloading shareware, 
     exchanging files with colleagues or friends), electronic mail, 
     conferences (forums, newsgroups, SIGs), chatting. You won't find 
     discussions on stock quotes, shopping malls, online databases, etc.
     
     Going online has become a way of life for many computer users. It is 
     undeniably fascinating, fulfilling and fun. But there is also a down 
     side to it: the cost can be prohibitive. I have yet to meet an avid 
     modem user who didn't wish that he could afford to be online longer. 
     
     To get the most mileage from your online dollars, you need to know the 
     answers to the following three questions:
     
     1. What is the right modem to use?
     2. What online services are available and how do they compare?
     3. What is the most cost-effective way to reach those services?
     
     These are not isolated questions. The answers to these questions will 
     help you decide what online systems are right for you.
     
     People live in different cities, use different kinds of computers and do 
     different things online. It should come as no surprise that there isn't 
     a single online system that is right for everyone.
     
     The goal of "The Joy of Telecomputing" is to help you get the most from 
     telecomputing. Our goal is not to tell you that so-and-so is the best 
     but to present you with enough information so that you will be able to 
     determine what is right for you. We'll provide you a survey that is both 
     comprehensive and specific.
     
     To be comprehensive, we'll cover the three main groups of online 
     systems: commercial online services (CompuServe and others), bulletin 
     board systems and the Internet.
     
     To be specific, we'll present you all the necessary information to help 
     you make a decision. Take electronic mail, for example. Virtually all 
     online systems offer electronic mail service. However, listing dozens of 
     services and saying that they all offer e-mail would do little to help 
     you make an intelligent decision. We'll also provide specific details 
     about each service such as
     
     * How much does it cost?
     * How fast does a message get delivered?
     * Is the e-mail message protected? (Can someone else besides the 
       recipient read your mail messages?)
     * Can you send e-mail to people that are not subscribers of the 
       service?
     * Can you send a file with your message?
     * Is there a limit on the size of the file you can send with your 
       message?
     * How can you reach the service?
     * Can you read and reply messages offline?
     
     I use MCI Mail, CompuServe and the Internet for e-mail on a daily basis. 
     Do I need all these accounts? Not really. Theoretically I only need one 
     of them. (Yes, you can send e-mail from MCI Mail to a CompuServe or an 
     Internet user, and vice versa.) Why do I have three accounts then? 
     Because each has its pros and cons. And I use e-mail so much so that the 
     three accounts combined offer me the best solution.
     
     (Note: CompuServe is a good deal for e-mail only if you join the Basic 
     Service Plan. To join this experimental program, type GO NEWBASIC at any 
     ! prompt. For $7.95 per month, you are allowed to send 60 messages. Each 
     message can have up to 7500 characters. Note that there is a surcharge 
     for sending e-mail to MCI Mail users. Also, reading e-mail sent to you 
     from Internet also count against your monthly allowance.)
  
     For the past eight years, I've worked as a computer consultant. I 
     decided to pursue my career as a computer writer a few months ago. In 
     the past three months, I have signed contracts for two computer books to 
     be published in 1992. 
     
     "The Joy of Telecomputing" is a project that I believe is sorely needed. 
     Initially I have considered submitting it to the computer book 
     publishers. However, I have learned that it can easily take six to nine 
     months (if no longer) to get a book published. As a result, by the time 
     the book gets to the readers, it is probably obsolete. (It may not be 
     too bad if this is a book on C programming. But a book on the 
     online world?) Therefore, I decide to try it on my own to see whether 
     the online community would support such a project. 
     
     The online world is constantly changing and it will remain one of the 
     hottest growing area in microcomputing for many years to come. By 
     keeping the project under my own control, I'll be able to provide you 
     the information you need on a timely basis.
  
     "The Joy of Telecomputing" is an ongoing project. It will be updated 
     every quarter. Future updates of "What you need to know about modems" 
     will remain available on BBS and other online services. 
      
     If there are enough supporters for this project, I would like to set up 
     a BBS. (What else?) You will be able to exchange informations, download 
     files and participate in discussions about the ever evolving online 
     world.
     
      
What's in "Life Beyond CompuServe?"
     
     Part II of "The Joy of Telecomputing" provides a comprehensive survey of 
     the online world. It covers the three major groups of online systems:
     
     * Commercial online services (America Online, BIX, CompuServe, DELPHI, 
       GEnie, MCI Mail, Prodigy, etc).
     * BBS (including discussions on FidoNet, RIME, etc)
     * The Internet (including discussions on UUCP, Usenet, Bitnet, etc).
     
     
     Commercial Online Services
     
     In general, commercial online services do not offer good 
     price/performance, though some of them excel in certain areas (such as 
     e-mail). We'll look at the major commercial online services (CompuServe, 
     GEnie, Prodigy, etc.) and see what they offer and what they are good 
     for. Major topics covered are:
     
     * What are the major commercial online services?
     * How much do they cost?
     * How can you access those services?
     * What do they offer? How do they compare with each other? 
     * How do they compare with BBS?
     
     
     The World of BBS
     
     It is estimated that more than 30,000 bulletin boards exist in the 
     United States. If you live in a metropolitan area, you'll probably find 
     hundreds of BBS that are local. Most BBS operate as a hobby by their 
     owners and without charge to their users. There are many BBS that have 
     members all over the United States (and the world).
     
     The world of BBS has become a phenomenon. BBS are no longer isolated 
     systems. Fidonet, the network linking thousands of BBS around the world, 
     allows users on one BBS to communicate with those on other BBS. 
     Recently, with gateways to the UUCP network, many BBS has allowed their 
     members to exchange e-mail with users of the Internet and to participate 
     in Usenet newsgroups.
     
     We'll cover the following topics:
     
     * How many BBS are there? How do they compare?
     * How much does it cost to become a member?
     * What are the limitations?
     * How to find BBS numbers?
     * Which BBS offers the latest and greatest files for PC users? 
       Macintosh users? Amiga users?
     * Which BBS are good for chatting? Which are good for conferences?
     * What is Fidonet? How does it work? What does it offer?
     * How to join Fidonet as a node? 
     * How to become a point on Fidonet?
     * How to send e-mail from Fidonet to Internet (and from Internet to 
       Fidonet)?
     * What is RIME?
     * What are the major BBS software available? 
     * How to use BBS effectively?
     * What software tools you need and where to find them? 
     * BBS Etiquette
     * Why ZTerm is the best program to use for calling BBS? (For Macintosh 
       users only)
     * What are MacBinary files? How to download a Macintosh file to a PC? 
       How to download a PC file to a Macintosh? (For Mac users or people 
       who use both Mac and PC.)
     
     
  Internet
  
     If you want someone to learn UNIX, show him the Internet. (You don't 
     need to be a UNIX expert to use the Internet though. Besides, UNIX is 
     not really that hard.) 
     
     Internet is a global computer network linking hundreds of thousands of 
     computers (mainly UNIX computers) at universities, research institutions 
     and government agencies. Internet is unsurpassed for e-mail and 
     conferences (called newsgroups in the UNIX world). It is also an 
     invaluable resource for free software. Some major topics covered are: 
     
     * What is Internet
     * What is UUCP? What is Usenet? What is Bitnet?
     * What can you do on the Internet?
     * How to send e-mail on the Internet?
     * How to send e-mail from Internet to CompuServe, MCI Mail, Fidonet 
       (and vice versa)?
     * How to send binary files?
     * What newsgroups are available?
     * How to participate in a newsgroup?
     * Etiquette
     * What is FTP?
     * What is Anonymous FTP?
     * How to use FTP?
     * What are the FTP sites available?
     * How to find the files you need?
     * What is telnet?
     * What can you do with telnet? (Read "The Cuckoo's Egg" by Cliff Stoll 
       for a first-hand account on how a German hacker use telnet to break 
       into computers on Internet.)
     * How to use telnet?
     * How can you get an Internet account?
     * What services are available? What kind of access level do they offer? 
     * How much do they cost?
     * How to transfer files from a UNIX host to your personal computer?
     * What are uuencode and uudecode?
     * What are compress, tar and shar?
     
     
What's in "Is AT&T The Right Choice?"
  
  Part III of "The Joy of Telecomputing" provides detailed discussions on the 
  various ways you can reach a remote system (i.e., a system which is not 
  local to you). What is the most cost-effective way to reach those systems?
  
  There are generally two options you have to reach a remote system:
    
     1. You can place a distance call using AT&T, MCI, etc.
     2. You can reach the system via some packet-switching networks by 
        dialing a local number (the system you are calling may already have a 
        deal with a packet-switching network and charge you accordingly, or 
        you may subscribe to one of the packet-switching networks yourself).
     
     However, packet-switching networks differ widely in what they offer, how 
     much they charge, and how well they perform. We'll look at some of the 
     services available (PC Pursuit, Connect-USA, Accu*Link, Tymnet, 
     REDI-Access, etc.).
     
     * How many ways can you reach a remote system? What are the pros and 
       cons?
     * What are packet-switching networks?
     * How do they work?
     * What services are available?
     * What do they offer?
     * What kinds of modems do they support?
     * What are the differences in performance among different 
       packet-switching network?
     * How much do they cost?
     * Are packet-switching networks cost-effective?
     
     
     
  
==============================================================================
  
How to order "The Joy of Telecomputing"

     30-Day Money-Back Guarantee: If you are not satisfied with your purchase 
     of "The Joy of Telecomputing," return it in resalable condition with all 
     the original packaging within the guarantee period for a refund check. 
     Shipping cost is not refundable.
     
     To order a printed copy of "The Joy of Telecomputing," send a check or 
     money order to the following address:
     
     Patrick Chen
     P.O. Box 5325
     Irvine, CA 92716  (USA)
     
     
     "The Joy of Telecomputing"..................................$19.95
     Shipping & Handling (see below).............................$_____
     California residents please add 7.75% tax ($1.55)...........$_____
     
                                                     Total.......$_____
     
     
     Note: Shipping to 48 continental states is $5.00. Alaska, Hawaii, and
     Canada is $10.00. Other countries, please send e-mail before ordering. 
     Please allow 2-4 weeks for delivery.
     
     There is no need to fill out the order form if you are sending a check 
     with your name and address printed on it.
     
     Non U.S. residents: please send checks or money orders drawn on U.S. 
     Banks in U.S. Funds.
     
     
     Name:                                    Phone:                                   
     ______________________________________   ______________________________
     Company:  
     ________________________________________________________________________
     Address:  
     ________________________________________________________________________
               
     ________________________________________________________________________
     
     Comments/Suggestions:
       
     ________________________________________________________________________
     
     ________________________________________________________________________
     
     ________________________________________________________________________
     
     ________________________________________________________________________
     
     ________________________________________________________________________
     
     ________________________________________________________________________
  
     
                                    MOONBASE 64

                                    INSTRUCTIONS


     Moonbase is a database program written by Don Messerli [70346,1011].  It has been donated to the public domain by the author.  It can be copied but not sold.

     The files created with Moonbase reside on disk as seq files.  The complete data file resides in memory while you work on it.  Advantages are its speed in sorting, searching, and loading.  Disadvantage is data files cannot be too big.  The maximum is about 24K.

     Moonbase was written in BASIC and compiled with BASIC 64 by Abacus Software.  I will supply the BASIC program for the cost of a disk and postage.  Request it via E-mail.

     To start Moonbase just load and run like a BASIC program.  The menu choices run across the bottom of the screen and can be chosen with the cursor keys.  The key definitions are:

     cursor up/down     -- move cursor left

     cursor left/right  -- move cursor right

     up or left arrow   -- choose EXIT or QUIT

     F1                 -- change border color

     F3                 -- change screen color

     F5                 -- change text color

     RETURN             -- choose highlighted menu item


     Once the desired menu item is highlighted, pressing RETURN will choose that item.  The arrow keys are a shortcut to choosing EXIT in any sub-menu or QUIT in the main menu. (You don't have to press RETURN)  Each choice in the main menu will get you to s sub-menu.  All the commands will be explained below.

DISK MENU

     LOAD - load in a previously saved data file.

     SAVE - save data file currently in memory.  The name can have a maximum of 12 characters because Moonbase saves the file with the prefix "MB] ".  This prefix should not be specified by the user when saving or loading.

     DIR - display directory of a disk to the screen.  15 directory entries are displayed with the prompt "MORE...".  Press any key to continue.

     COMMAND - send a DOS command to the disk drive.  A handy table is displayed.  To check the disk status, just press RETURN at the ">" prompt.  The prompt for a disk command does not allow full editing. If you make a typing mistake, pressing the delete key will give you a fresh prompt.

     EXIT - I'll only explain this one once.  Choosing this will get you back to the main menu.  Remember the shortcut.


CREATE MENU

     DEFINE - define a new data file.  You will be prompted about all the information needed to create a data file.

     REVIEW - review the structure of the data file currently in memory.


CHANGE MENU

     ADD    - add a record to the data file in memory.

     SEARCH & REPLACE - search a field in all records for a given string and replace it with another.


VIEW MENU

     The view mode lets you scan through the data file in memory.  The first record of the data file is displayed at first.

     NEXT - see the next record.

     LAST - see the previous record.

     FIND - specify a string to be matched.  Only one field can be searched through at a time.  To get a given record for modifying, you should use the up arrow.  Choosing next will re-display the first record if there aren't any more matches.

     GOTO - see any record by record number.

     DELETE - deletes the displayed record.  The records will be out of order.  This is because the deleted record is replaced with the last record.

     MODIFY - change the displayed record.


SORT MENU

     REGULAR - sort the records (alphabetically or numerically) by any field.

     SUBFIELD - sort by a secondary field within the main sort field. (i.e. main sort field = last name, subfield = first name)


PRINT MENU

     While you are working within the PRINT menu, the type of printer you are using is diplayed at the bottom of the screen.  The default is 80 column/ standard printer.  This really only has to be changed if you wish to print in greater than 80 columns.

     REPORT - print a report you have defined using the FORMAT option. You can also load in a previously defined format with this option.

     FORMAT - define a format for your report.  Reports are columnar and all options are fairly clear.  Formats can be saved for later use.  If you don't wish to save the format, erase the default filename before pressing RETURN.  Report formats are save with a "MR] " prefix.  You can also view a loaded format with this option.

     QUICK - get a quick printout of your data file.

     SETUP - tell Moonbase what type of printer you are using.  If you get the message to turn the printer off and back on to reset it, you can ignore it unless you were in a mode of more than 80 columns.  I hope to support more printers in the future, just send me the codes to change number of columns.

PRINT OPTIONS MENU

     This menu comes up whenever you are ready to print.  It lets you control which records will be printed.

     ALL - print all records in memory.

     SELECT - print a record chosen by record number.

     FIND - similar to FIND option in the VIEW menu.  It lets you match strings to search for records with common items.



     Moonbase does a lot of checking to make sure you don't try to do something that you shouldn't (i.e. loading in a data file while there is another in memory...it gives you the option to save first).  I hope this program is useful to you.  I spent quite a bit of time giving it a pro look.  If you have any questions, comments, suggestions, or criticisms, send the via EasyPlex (E-mail) to:

             Don Messerli [70346,1011]

"       MSD DRIVE 8/9 MODIFICATION
"
"  This file explains the modification I
"used to switch a MSD single drive from
"drive 8 to drive 9. Some MSD single
"drives WILL NOT accept the normal
"software select commands.
"
"  I WOULD NOT advise making this
"modification UNTIL your warranty has
"expired!
"
"
"  Please follow the steps outlined
"below.
"
" DO NOT SUBSTITUTE for the cable type
"specified!!!!!!!!!
"
"  Make Sure the POWER IS OFF and the
"Drive is UNPLUGGED.
"
"1) Remove the six screws holding the
"cover on the drive housing. Put them
"aside, do not loose them!
"
"2) Examine the circuit board, holding
"the drive with the circuit board
"towards the back of the unit.
"
"3) Find the two (2) blue jumpers on the
"top of the board. Remove the TOP one.
"
"4) Examine the drive cover and see
"where the cover is in relation to the
"jumpers.
"
"5) Drill a hole in the top of the drive
"and insert a double pole double throw
"switch. When drilling be sure to drill
"the cover FAR AWAY (next room) from the
"open drive assembly.
"
"6) Now, take a short piece of wire (10
"guage) and close the contacts on one
"side of the switch effectively cl	ing
"the circuit on that side. Leave the
"other side open.
"
"NOTE: YOU must use the exact type cable
"specified for this next step !!!
"
"7) You need a 1 foot piece of 2
"conductor cable, with each wire
"shileded and a ground shield. Solder
"one wire to each side of the middle of
"the double pole switch after you strip
"the wire on both ends. Check with a
"multi-meter to be sure you have not
"created a short. Also check to see that
"when the switch is thrown, you have a a
"closed circuit on one side and 	 open
"circuit on the other side.
"
"8) Solder one wire to each of the pins,
"from where you removed the jumper. BE
"VERY CAREFULL not to DRIP solder
"ANYWHERE when doing this soldering.
"
"9) Now connect all the shield cables
"together and solder them. Now solder
"another piece of shileded cable to this
"and run it out the back of the drive.
"
"10) Replace the cover and replace all
"screws removed.
"
"11) Connect the shielded cable to a
"screw in the back of the drive.
"
"
"  You are now finished. When t	 switch
"is thrown one way the drive number is
"8. In the other position the drive is
"9.
"
"  While I know this works fine on my
"drive, I and Software Center accept no
"responsibility for any damage you might
"cause, if you don't do this properly.
"We cannot be held liable for any
"damages that might occur.
"
"  You make this modification at your
"own risk.
"
"  This file was provided, to inform you
"that this can be done.
"
"  We do not suggest that you do this.
"You must make up your mind in regards
"	 this modification!



       DAVID'S DUAL DISK DRIVE AID


The program is designed to run on a Commodore 64 with a dual disk drive (either the 4040 or the MSD-2).  It's primary purpose is to transfer selected files from drive 0 to drive 1.

When the program is run, the following menu of 20 choices is presented.

BOTH DRIVES : A  LOAD DIRS INTO MEMORY
-----------   B  SEE DIRS IN MEMORY
COPY 0 TO 1 : C  SELECTED FILES
-----------   D  ALL FILES (- FORMAT)
              E  ALL FILES (+ FORMAT)
     DRIVE 0: F  LOAD DIR INTO MEMORY
     -------  G  SEE DIRECTORY
              H  DELETE FILES
              I  RENAME FILES
              J  VALIDATE DISK
              K  INITIALIZE DRIVE
     DRIVE 1: L  LOAD DIR INTO MEMORY
     -------  M  SEE DIRECTORY
              N  DELETE FILES
              O  RENAME FILES
              P  VALIDATE DISK
              Q  INITIALIZE DRIVE
              R  FORMAT DISK
       DRIVE: S  RESET THE DRIVE
       -----  T  STATUS

Any of these options can be selected in two different ways - by pressing the appropriate letter (e.g. N if you wanted to delete a file in drive 1), or by using the cursor up and down keys, and then pr	sing the RETURN key.

The first thing you should do is to place the disk to be copied in drive 0, and the receiving disk in drive 1.

Pressing A will load both directories into memory, and then display them.  (Using F and L will load the directories from 0 and 1 separately.  You should use these whenever you change the disk in a drive.)  Any command which affects the directory, e.g copy, automatically rereads the revised directory.

Pressing B allows you to see the directories of both disks after they hav	been read into memory.

Once you have both 0 and 1 in memory, C, D, and E, will allow you to copy from 0 to 1.  C permits you to select particular files for copying while displaying the remaining blocks free in drive 1.  You first select all the files and then the copying is done in one go.  If you choose more files than there is room for, no copying is done.  D copies all files to 1 without overwriting files in 1 (i.e. it is the COPY command).  E first formats 1 and then copies all files from 0 (i.e. it 	 the DUPLICATE command).
                                        G (and M) let you see the directory of 0 (or 1) in memory, or it can be used to view the directory on disk (without loading it into memory).

H (and N) allows you to choose those files you want deleted.  Like C, you first select all to be deleted before they are deleted.

I (and O) permit any filename to be renamed.

J (and P) validates the disk, and rereads the disk directory.

K (and Q) initializes the drive.

R formats the disk in drive 1	
S and T allow you to reset the drive (UI), and read the error channel.

There are four commands which are not displayed on the screen.

The F1, F3, and F5 keys allow you to change the colors to suit your taste.

F8 loads DAVID'S DIRECTORY DESIGNER (D.D.D.) if you are fortunate enough to own one!


         Message Doc.

    These program are simple message
progs.  They run with either the 1650
or 6420 modems.  That sysops can put
on-line when a bbs is taken down. It
will display a message to the caller
that the sysops can change as needed.

    The message displayed is read from
the data statements beginning at line
1600.  I have included a sample message
from my bbs. Make sure that the last
data statement is an ^. This program
can be changed as needs demand.

    There are two versions - one for
the VIC & one for the C-64. any
comments would be appreciated. Write me
here my id is 74156,2641.
rick moxley - 74156,2641

               XMODEM 6.0

         Copyright (C) 1986 by
      Microtechnic Solutions, Inc.
          All Rights Reserved

   Released into the public domain by
      Microtechnic Solutions, Inc.


OVERVIEW:

This version of XMODEM (CRC/Checksum)
loads into C64 memory $C000 (49152)
and uses $C000-$C884. The routine
strips padding characters from the last
block received when downloading.
Padding is added when transmitting. The
normal pad character is CTRL-Z
(dec. 26) unless the last valid
character in the file is a 26, in which
case a dec. 0 is substituted as the pad
character.

This routine assumes that the calling
program has - as its last string
operation before calling - set a
string to the filename specifier.

The assumed disk device is unit 8.
It uses a logical file 8 for
reading/writing the disk, and logical
file 15 for the command channel.These
defaults may be overridden by poking
device number to 49155 before calling
the routine.
Note: this number should be decimal..
POKE49155,8.

The user calls this routine by
setting a string (any name) to the
desired filename, and then SYS 49152,A
where A = 16 if the routine should be
s	sitive to carrier detect, or 0 if
carrier is to be ignored.
Syntax for filename is:

FILENAME,<type>,<direction>,<translate>

 FILENAME may be any valid disk name.
 <type> is either P (program),
        S (sequential), or U (user).
 <direction> is either R (read) for
             sending, or W (write) for
             receiving.
 <translate> valid for sequential files
             only. Enter a "t" to
             indicate translation
             desired.

Examples:

     DISKFILE,P,W

     Receive a pro	am file called
     DISKFILE.

     ASCIIFILE,S,R,T

     Send a sequential file called
     ASCIIFILE. Translate the file
     contents to standard ASCII before
     transmitting.

The routine will provide a display of
the number of blocks sent/received and
the status of the last block (A=ok,
N=error). User will be notified when
the transfer is either successfully
completed or aborted because of
excessive errors. If a download is
aborted, it is the user's
responsibility to SCRATCH the
incomplete file fro	the disk.

XMODEM 6.0 will operate at either 300
or 1200 baud, depending on your modem
and the baud rate at which you open the
modem.

XMODEM 6.0 first attempts to initiate
CRC mode when downloading, and will
respond to CRC operation request when
uploading. Control remains with the
routine until the transfer is aborted
or until successful completion. The
user may abort the transfer locally by
pressing the STOP key.


 *
* xmodem protocol version 6.0
*
* commodore 64
*
* this version uses filename
* supplied by calling program
* with construct:
*
*     a$="filename"+chr$(13)
*     sys 49152,a
*
*     wHERE a =  0   iGNORE CARRIER DETECT
*           a = 16   cHECK FOR CARRIER DETECT
*
* note: sETTING a$ *must* BE JUST BEFORE sys49152
*       WITH NO INTERVENING STRING OPERATIONS!
*
* copyright (c) 1986 by
* microtechnic solutions, inc.
* all rights reserved
*
* this version released to public domain
*
 tr on ;TRUNCATION ON (merlin)
 org $c000
*
chkin = $ffc6
chkout = $ffc9
chrout = $ffd2
close = $ffc3
clrchn = $ffcc
getin = $ffe4
open = $ffc0
readss = $ffb7
stop = $ffe1
setlfs = $ffba
setnam = $ffbd
soh = 1
ack = 6
nak = 21
eot = 4
can = 24
varpnt = $47
jiffy = $a1
move = $c3
ridbe = $029b
ridbs = $029c
enable = $02a1
xmoblk = $c700
block = $c800
bln = $c800
blo = $c801
blck1 = $c802
bldata = $c803
blch = $c883
dportb = $dd01
 jmp xmodem
drvdev dfb 8
rcvchr dfb 0
rstat dfb 0
carrier dfb 0
tempx dfb 0
fxmo dfb 0
xmosz dfb 128
lstblk dfb 0
padchr dfb 0
err dfb 0
blknum dfb 0
chrcnt dfb 0
cksum dfb 0
cisfmt dfb 4,0,67,67,51
ebufx dfb 0
tron dfb 128
tbcount da $0000
dskdir dfb 32
tmp2x dfb 0
fbuf ds 80
buf ds 80
ply da $1021
crcdata dfb 0
xmode dfb 0
ctrys dfb 3
xblsz dfb 132
crc da 0
xmodem and #16 ;CARRIER REQUEST 16 OR 0
 sta carrier ;SAVE CARRIER REQUEST
 ldy #1 ;GET THE POINTER TO
 lda (varpnt),y ;THE LAST STRING VARIABLE
 sta move ;REFERENCED BY THE
 iny  ;CALLING bASIC PROGRAM
 lda (varpnt),y
 sta move+1
 clc
 lda move
 adc #1
 sta move
 lda move+1
 adc #0
 sta move+1
 ldy #0
 ldx #0
]jloop lda (move),y ;MOVE THE FILENAME INTO
 cmp #13 ;FILENAME BUFFER
 beq xmd04
 sta fbuf,x
 inx
 iny
 bne ]jloop
xmd04 sty tempx
 ldx tempx
 dex
 lda #0 ;DEFAULT IS TRANSLATION OFF
 sta tron
 lda fbuf,x
 sta tmp2x
 cmp #'T' ;CHECK IF LAST ENTRY IN
 bne xmd05b ;FILENAME IS TRANSLATE
 dex  ;SPECIFIER TO ADJUST FOR
 dex  ;FINDING UP/DOWN
 lda fbuf,x ;SPECIFIER
xmd05b sta dskdir
 cmp #'R' ;IS DIRECTION SPECIFER A
 beq xmd05c ;A VALID ENTRY?
 cmp #'W'
 bne xmd05a
xmd05c dex
 lda #',' ;CHECK FOR INTERVENING COMMA
 cmp fbuf,x
 beq xmd01a
xmd05a lda #6 ;USER MADE AN ERROR IN
 jsr outmsg ;FILENAME SPECIFICATION
 jsr waittwo ;TELL HIM AND THEN EXIT
 jsr xmd19
xmd01a dex
 pha
 lda fbuf,x ;NOW LET US MAKE SURE HE
 cmp #'U' ;SPECIFIED A VALID
 beq xmd01z ;FILE TYPE
 cmp #'P' ;WE WILL ACCEPT U P OR S
 beq xmd01z
 cmp #'S'
 beq xmd01y
 pla
 jmp xmd05a
xmd01y lda #'T' ;GOT BY SYNTAX CHECK
 cmp tmp2x ;NOW CHECK FOR TRANSLATE
 bne xmd01z ;ONLY IF A SEQUENTIAL
 lda #128 ;FILE
 sta tron
xmd01z pla
 dex
 cmp fbuf,x
 bne xmd05a
 lda tempx ;WHEW! NOW WE FINALLY GET
 ldx #<fbuf ;TO OPEN THE DISK FILE
 ldy #>fbuf
 jsr setnam
 lda #8
 jsr opendk
 jsr errchn ;ERROR ON OPEN?
 beq xmd01d ;YES - EXIT
 jsr xmd18
xmd01d lda #2
 jsr outmsg
 lda #3
 sta ctrys
 lda dskdir
 cmp #'R' ;JUMP TO UPLOAD OR DOWNLOAD
 bne xmd06 ;DEPENDING ON DIRECTION
 jmp xmd30 ;SPECIFIED
*
* receive file
*
xmd06 lda #0 ;INITIALIZE EVERYBODY
 sta fxmo
 sta xmode
 sta lstblk
 sta tbcount
 sta tbcount+1
 sta blknum
 jsr setzero
 jsr xmd60 ;GET THINGS ROLLING
 lda #128 ;NORMAL DATA BLOCK SIZE
 sta xmosz
 lda #132
 sta xblsz
 bit xmode ;CHECKSUM OR CRC?
 bmi xmd10 ;CRC
xmd06a lda dportb ;DO WE STILL HAVE CARRIER?
 and carrier
 beq xmd06a1
 jsr xmd28 ;GET VERIFICATION TO ABORT
 beq xmd06a
xmd06a1 jsr setzero
xmd07 jsr gtxmdm ;GO GET A MODEM CHARACTER
 lda dportb ;STILL CHECKING TO SEE IF
 and carrier ;CARRIER PRESENT
 beq xmd07a1
 jsr xmd28
 beq xmd07
xmd07a1 lda chrcnt
 bne xmd10
 lda rcvchr ;LOOK FOR END OF TRANSFER AS
 cmp #eot ;FIRST BYTE OF BLOCK
 bne xmd07a
 jmp xmd42
xmd07a cmp #can ;CHECK FOR USER CANCEL
 bne xmd07b
 jsr xmd19
xmd07b cmp #soh
 bne xmd07
xmd10 jsr chkadd ;ADD THE DATA BYTE TO CHECKSUM
 cmp xblsz ;IS THIS END OF THIS BLOCK?
 bne xmd07 ;NO - GET NEXT CHARACTER
 lda blo ;YES - CHECK BLOCK NUMBER
 clc  ;WITH COMPLEMENT
 adc blck1
 clc
 cmp #255
 beq xmd11 ;BLOCK NUMBER IS GOOD
xmd12 jsr xmd15 ;BLOCK ERROR - SEND A nak
 jmp xmd06a
xmd11 bit xmode ;CHECKSUM OR CRC?
 bpl xmd11a ;CHECKSUM
 lda crc
 ora crc+1
 beq xmd11b
 bne xmd12
xmd11a lda cksum ;NOW SEE IF OUR CALCULATED
 sec  ;CHECKSUM MATCHES THE ONE
 sbc blch ;WE RECEIVED FROM THE SENDER
 clc
 cmp blch
 bne xmd12 ;CHECKSUM ERROR - GO nak
xmd11b inc blknum ;NOW CHECK TO SEE IF THIS IS
 lda block+1 ;THE BLOCK NUMBER WE EXPECTED
 cmp blknum
 beq xmd13
 dec blknum ;OVERLAY PREVIOUS 2ND BUFFER
 jmp xmd14c ;IF SENDER REPEATED HIMSELF
xmd13 lda fxmo ;STUFF INTO 2ND BUFFER IF THIS
 beq xmd14c ;IS THE FIRST BLOCK
xmd14 ldy #0
 ldx #4
xmd14d lda xmoblk,x ;LOOK FOR COMPUSERVE
 cmp cisfmt,x ;MACHINE-SPECIFIC HEADER
 bne xmd14b ;AND STRIP IT OUT
 dex
 bpl xmd14d
 ldy #6
xmd14b sty tempx ;WRITE THE 2ND BUFFER TO DISK
 ldx #8
 jsr chkout
xmd14a ldx tempx
 lda xmoblk,x
 bit tron ;TRANSLATE THE CHARACTERS IF
 bpl xmd14e ;THE TRANSLATE FLAG IS ON
 jsr cnvrt
xmd14e jsr chrout
 jsr readss ;WATCH DEM DISK ERRORS!
 bne xmderr
 inc tempx
 lda xmosz ;IS THIS THE END OF THE
 cmp tempx ;DATA BLOCK PORTION?
 bne xmd14a ;NO - KEEP WRITING TO DISK
 bit lstblk ;YES - IS THIS THE LAST
 bpl xmd14c ;BLOCK OF THE FILE?
 jmp xmd24 ;YES - TIME TO FINISH UP
xmd14c jsr xmdblk ;DISPLAY CURRENT BLOCK INFO
 ldx #0
xmd41 lda bldata,x ;MOVE 1ST BUFFER TO 2ND
 sta xmoblk,x ;WE USE DOUBLE-BUFFERING FOR
 inx  ;ON-THE-FLY PAD STRIPPING
 bpl xmd41 ;MOVE 128 BYTES
 stx fxmo
 lda #ack ;ack THE SENDER - THIS BLOCK
 jsr ptxmdm ;WAS GOOD
 jsr clrchn
 jmp xmd06a
xmderr jsr errchn ;OOPS - GOT A DISK ERROR!
 lda #1 ;NOTIFY THE USER AND THEN
 jsr outmsg ;ABORT THE FILE TRANSFER
 lda #7 ;AT XMD18
 jsr outmsg
 lda #13
 jsr scnout
 jsr xmd18
xmd42 lda #128 ;SET LAST BLOCK INDICATOR
 sta lstblk
 ldx #127 ;DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT
 lda xmoblk,x ;SENDER USED CTRL-Z OR NULL
 sta padchr ;AS A PAD CHARACTER
 cmp #26
 beq xmd42a ;HE USED CTRL-Z
 cmp #0
 beq xmd42a ;HE USED NULL
 jmp xmd42c
xmd42a lda xmoblk,x ;NOW BACK UP INTO THE LAST
 cmp padchr ;BLOCK UNTIL WE FIND THE
 bne xmd42c ;FINAL REAL DATA BYTE
 dex
 bpl xmd42a
 jmp xmd24
xmd42c inx  ;SET BLOCK SIZE TO MATCH
 stx xmosz ;END OF LAST BLOCK
 jmp xmd14
cnvrt and #127 ;CONVERT ASCII-PETASCII
 cmp #65
 bcc xmd14l
 cmp #91
 bcs xmd14k
 ora #32
 jmp xmd14l
xmd14k cmp #97
 bcc xmd14l
 cmp #123
 bcs xmd14l
 and #223
xmd14l rts
*
* get xmodem char
*
gtxmdm jsr setjif ;SET CHARACTER TIMEOUT
gtx01 jsr stop ;CHECK TO SEE IF USER IS
 beq gtxex ;PRESSING STOP KEY TO ABORT
 jsr gim ;GET CHARACTER FROM MODEM
 bne gtx02 ;WAS THERE A CHARACTER?
 rts  ;YES - RETURN
gtx02 jsr tstjif ;NO - DID WE TIME OUT YET?
 bcc gtx01 ;NO - GO TRY AGAIN
 jsr xmd16 ;YES - GO TO ERROR ROUTINE
 pla
 pla
 jmp xmd06a ;RETURN
gtxex jmp xmd18 ;USER WANTS TO ABORT
*
* check can,nak appropriate
*
xmd15 inc err ;CANCEL IF 10 ERRORS IN A ROW
 lda #10 ;OTHERWISE JUST nak
 cmp err
 beq xmd18
*
* nak
*
xmd16 lda #'N'
 sta dispr8+18
 lda #nak
 jsr ptxmdm
 rts
*
* eot
*
xmd17 lda #eot
 jsr ptxmdm
 rts
*
* can
*
xmd18 lda #can ;CANCEL THE TRANSFER
 jsr ptxmdm
xmd19 lda #4 ;DISPLAY MESSAGE TO USER
 jsr xmd25
 jsr waittwo
 pla  ;JUMP ALL THE WAY BACK TO
 pla  ;THE bASIC PROGRAM
 rts
xmd28 lda #8 ;ASK USER TO CONFIRM ABORT
 jsr xmd25
xmd28a jsr getkey ;GET KEYBOARD INPUT
 pha
 jsr clrchn
 pla
 pha
 jsr chrout ;DISPLAY USER KEYSTROKE
 pla
 cmp #'Y' ;DID HE CONFIRM ABORT?
 beq xmd19 ;YES - EXIT TRANSFER
 cmp #'N'
 bne xmd28a ;NOT A VALID RESPONSE
 lda #13
 jsr chrout
 lda #0 ;SET TO CONTINUE ON
 rts  ;AND RETURN
*
* complete
*
xmd24 lda #ack ;ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF eot
 jsr ptxmdm
xmd24a lda #3 ;DISPLAY COMPLETED MESSAGE
xmd25 jsr outmsg
 lda #8 ;CLOSE THE FILE AND GO HOME
 jmp close
*
* send file
*
xmd30 jsr stop ;CHECK IS USING IS PRESSING
 bne xmd30a ;STOP KEY
 jsr xmd19 ;YES - ABORT TRANSFER
xmd30a lda #132
 sta xblsz
 lda ridbs ;CLEAR INPUT BUFFER
 sta ridbe
 lda #0 ;INITIALIZE VARIABLES
 sta tbcount
 sta tbcount+1
 lda #1
 sta bln
 sta blo
 eor #255
 sta blck1
xmd30b jsr stop ;CHECK STOP KEY
 bne xmd30c
 jsr xmd17
 jsr xmd19
xmd30c jsr gim ;GET MODEM CHARACTER
 bne xmd30b ;NO CHARACTER - LOOP
 lda dportb ;CHECK FOR CARRIER
 and carrier
 beq xmd30c1
 jsr xmd28 ;VERIFY ABORT FROM USER
 beq xmd30c
xmd30c1 lda rcvchr
 cmp #can ;IS RECEIVER CANCELLING?
 bne xmd30d ;NO
 jsr xmd19 ;YES - TIME TO QUIT
xmd30d cmp #nak ;WAS TRANSMISSION BAD?
 beq xmd31
 cmp #67
 bne xmd30b ;NO
 lda #10
 jsr outmsg
 lda #133
 sta xblsz
 sta xmode
xmd31 jsr setzero
 lda #3 ;RETRANSMIT LAST BLOCK
 sta chrcnt ;INITIALIZE BLOCK VARIABLES
 ldx #0
 stx cksum
 stx rstat
xmd32 jsr stop ;CHECK STOP KEY
 bne xmd32a
 jmp xmd37x
xmd32a ldx #8 ;GET CHARACTER FROM DISK
 jsr chkin
 jsr getin
 bit tron ;CHECK FOR TRANSLATE ON
 bpl xmd32b ;NO - BYPASS CONVERSION
 jsr cnvrt ;YES - CONVERT TO ASCII
xmd32b sta rcvchr ;STORE THE CHARACTER
 jsr readss ;WATCH DEM DISK ERRORS!
 and #195 ;LOOK FOR END-OF-FILE
 sta rstat ;AND TIME-OUTS
 bne xmd33a
 lda rcvchr ;CALCULATE CHECKSUM WITH
 jsr chkadd ;THIS CHARACTER
 cmp #131 ;GOT A FULL BLOCK YET?
 bne xmd32 ;NO - LOOP
 beq xmd34 ;YES - PROCESS END OF BLOCK
xmd33a = *
 lda rcvchr ;CALCULATE CHECKSUM WITH
 jsr chkadd ;THIS CHARACTER
 cmp #131 ;IS THE BLOCK FULL?
 beq xmd34 ;YES - BYPADD PADDING
 lda #26 ;PAD THE FINAL BLOCK WITH
 sta padchr ;CTRL-Z UNLESS THE LAST
 lda rcvchr ;DATA CHARACTER HAPPENS TO
 cmp #26 ;BE A CTRL-Z
 bne xmd33g ;IF IT IS THEN USE NULL
 lda #0
 sta padchr
xmd33g lda padchr ;PAD OUT THE BLOCK UNTIL
 sta rcvchr ;WE FILL IT UP
xmd38a jsr chkadd
 cmp #131
 bne xmd38a
xmd34 bit xmode ;CHECKSUM OR CRC?
 bpl xmd34a ;CHECKSUM
 lda crc+1 ;FILL IN THE
 sta blch ;16-BIT CRC
 lda crc
 sta blch+1
 jmp xmd34b
xmd34a lda cksum ;FILL IN THE CALCULATED
 sta blch ;CHECKSUM
xmd34b lda #0
 sta tempx
xmd35 jsr stop ;CHECK THE OLD STOP KEY
 beq xmd37x
 ldx tempx ;NOW LET US OUTPUT THE
 lda block,x ;ENTIRE BLOCK TO THE MODEM
 jsr ptxmdm
 lda dportb ;DONT FORGET TO CHECK FOR
 and carrier ;CARRIER LOSS
 beq xmd35b
 jsr xmd28
xmd35b inc tempx ;DID WE FINISH THE BLOCK YET?
 lda xblsz
 cmp tempx
 bne xmd35
 jsr setjif ;SET THE TIMEOUT
xmd36 lda dportb ;BEING CAUTIOUS WE CONTINUE TO
 and carrier ;CHECK FOR CARRIER
 beq xmd36a
 jsr xmd28
xmd36a jsr gim ;LOOK FOR THE RECEIVER RESPONSE
 beq xmd37
 jsr stop ;NO RESPONSE YET - LOOK FOR THE
 beq xmd37x ;STOP KEY
 jsr tstjif ;AND CHECK FOR A TIMEOUT
 bcc xmd36 ;LOOP IF NOT TIMED OUT YET
 bcs xmd34 ;OTHERWISE RETRANSMIT
xmd37 lda rcvchr
 cmp #nak ;DID HE SEND A nak?
 bne xmd37e
 lda #'N' ;UPDATE THE DISPLAY AND GO
 sta dispr8+18 ;BACK TO RETRANSMIT
 jmp xmd34
xmd37e cmp #can ;DID HE SEND CANCEL?
 bne xmd37a
xmd37x jsr xmd19 ;YES - THEN ABORT
xmd37a cmp #ack ;DID HE SEND ack?
 beq xmdack
 cmp #67
 bne xmd36 ;NONE OF THE ABOVE
xmdack lda rstat ;CHECK FOR STATUS NOT ZERO
 beq xmd38 ;NO
 jsr xmd17 ;YES - SEND eot
 jsr setjif ;SET TIMEOUT
xmd37b lda jiffy ;CHECK THE TIMEOUT AND LOOK
 bmi xmd37c ;FOR FINAL RESPONSE FROM
 jsr gim ;THE RECEIVER
 bne xmd37b
xmd37c lda rstat ;CHECK FOR END OF FILE
 and #64
 beq xmd37x ;NO - ABORT
 jmp xmd24a ;YES - DISPLAY COMPLETE
xmd38 inc blo ;INCREMENT THE BLOCK NUMBER
 lda #255
 eor blo
 sta blck1
 jsr xmdblk ;DISPLAY BLOCK STATUS
 jmp xmd31 ;BACK FOR NEXT BLOCK
*
* receive - start crc and switch to chksum if
*           no response
*
xmd60 lda #67 ;SEND 'c' TO INDICATE crc
 jsr ptxmdm ;CAPABILITY
 jsr setjif ;SET TIMER FOR RETRY
xmd60a jsr gim ;LOOK FOR RESPONSE
 beq xmd60b ;YES
 lda jiffy ;NO - IS TIME UP?
 cmp #1
 bne xmd60a ;NO - KEEP LOOKING
 dec ctrys ;YES - DECREMENT TRYS
 bne xmd60 ;NOT FINISHED - TRY AGAIN
 jsr xmd16 ;SWITCH TO CHECKSUM
 rts
xmd60b lda rcvchr ;GET RECEIVED CHARACTER
 cmp #soh ;IS IT START OF XMODEM BLOCK
 bne xmd60a ;NO - IGNORE IT
 lda #133 ;YES
 sta xmode ;SET crc MODE
 sta xblsz ;AND crc TOTAL BLOCK SIZE
 lda #10 ;INFORM THE USER
 jsr outmsg
 rts
*
* get xmodem char
*
gim ldx #5
 jsr chkin
 jsr getin ;TRY FOR CHARACTER
 sta rcvchr ;AND SAVE RESULT
 jsr readss ;NOW CHECK STATUS
 rts
*
* test jiffy
*
tstjif lda jiffy
 cmp #2
 rts
*
* set jiffy
*
setjif lda #0
 sta jiffy
 sta jiffy+1
 rts
*
* put char to modem
*
ptxmdm pha
 ldx #5
 jsr chkout
ptx01 lda enable ;IS RS232 QUIESCENT
 and #3 ;IN BOTH DIRECTIONS
 bne ptx01 ;NO - WAIT UNTIL IT IS
 pla  ;YES - GET CHARACTER
 jsr chrout ;AND SEND IT TO MODEM
 rts
*
* calculate checksum
*
chkadd lda rcvchr
 bit xmode
 bpl chka1
 jsr crcmode
chka1 lda rcvchr
 ldx chrcnt
 sta block,x
 clc
 adc cksum
 sta cksum
 inc chrcnt
 inx
 txa
 rts
*
* crc mode
*
crcmode sta crcdata
 ldx #8
 lda chrcnt
 cmp #3
 bge crcm1
 rts
crcm1 asl crcdata
 ror a
 and #$80
 eor crc+1
 asl crc
 rol a
 bcc crcm2
 tay
 lda crc
 eor ply
 sta crc
 tya
 eor ply+1
crcm2 sta crc+1
 dex
 bne crcm1
 rts
*
* crc init
*
crcinit lda #0
 sta crc
 sta crc+1
 rts
*
* outmsg prompt pointer table
*
prmtbl = *
 da prompt4
 da prmpt13
 da dispr8
 da dispr9
 da dispr10
 da dispr11
 da dispr13
 da buf
 da prmpt10
 da prmpt11
*
* prompts
*
prompt4 dfb 13
 txt 'fILENAME FOR YOUR DISK: '
 dfb 0
prmpt13 dfb 13
 txt 'disk error: '
 dfb 0
dispr8 txt 'tot blk 0000  chk= '
 dfb 13,145,0
dispr9 txt 'transfer complete'
 dfb 13,0
dispr10 txt 'transfer aborted'
 dfb 13,0
dispr11 txt 'xmodem protocol'
 dfb 13,0
dispr13 txt 'iNVALID fILENAME'
 dfb 13,0
prmpt10 txt 'carrior lost: confirm abort Y/N  '
 dfb 0
prmpt11 txt 'USING crc'
 dfb 13,0
*
* output message to device
*
outmsg pha
 ldx #3
 jsr chkout
 pla
 asl a
 tax
 lda prmtbl,x
 sta move
 inx
 lda prmtbl,x
 sta move+1
 ldy #0
outlp1 lda (move),y
 cmp #0
 beq outend
 jsr chrout
 iny
 cpy #0
 bne outlp1
outend rts
*
* check error channel
*
errchn lda #0
 sta buf
 sta ebufx
 ldx #15
 jsr chkin
errl1 jsr getin
 sta rcvchr
 jsr readss
 bne errl2
 lda rcvchr
 ldx ebufx
 sta buf,x
 inc ebufx
 bne errl1
errl2 ldx ebufx
 lda #0
 sta buf,x
 lda #7
 jsr outmsg
 jsr waittwo
 lda buf
 ora buf+1
 and #15
 rts
*
* decimal conversion table
*
dectab dfb 16,39 ; 10,000
 dfb 242,3 ; 1,000
 dfb 100,0 ; 100
 dfb 10,0 ; 10
 dfb 1,0 ; 1
count dfb 0,0
numbr dfb 0,0,0,0,0,32,32,0
tmpcnt dfb 0,0
*
* open disk file a=logical file
*
opendk = *
 tay
 ldx drvdev
 jsr setlfs
 jsr open
 rts
*
* convert to ascii
*
cnvasc ldx #4
 lda #48
cnva4 sta numbr,x
 dex
 bpl cnva4
 inx
cnva1 lda count
 sec
 sbc dectab,x
 sta tmpcnt
 lda count+1
 sbc dectab+1,x
 sta tmpcnt+1
 bcc cnva2
 stx tempx
 txa
 lsr a
 tax
 inc numbr,x
 ldx tempx
 lda tmpcnt
 sta count
 lda tmpcnt+1
 sta count+1
 jmp cnva1
cnva2 inx
 inx
 cpx #10
 bne cnva1
 ldx #4
 rts
*
* display xmodem block
*
xmdblk lda #'A'
 sta dispr8+18
 inc tbcount
 bne xblk2
 inc tbcount+1
xblk2 lda tbcount
 sta count
 lda tbcount+1
 sta count+1
 jsr cnvasc
 ldx #4
xblk1 lda numbr,x
 sta dispr8+7,x
 dex
 bne xblk1
 lda #2
 jsr outmsg
 rts
*
* wait two seconds
*
waittwo jsr setjif
wait2 bit jiffy+1
 bpl wait2
 rts
*
* get a keyboard character
*
getkey ldx #0
 jsr chkin
 jsr getin
 beq getkey
 rts
*
* initialize block variables
*
setzero lda #0
 sta err
 sta chrcnt
 sta cksum
 jsr crcinit ;xmodem crc
 rts
*
* output to screen
*
scnout pha
 ldx #3
 jsr chkout
 pla
 jsr chrout
 rts
The story begins with a friend of mine 
who owns an IBM with lots of memory and 
a hard disk drive and all the goodies.  
His nine-year-old son is interested in 
the IBM and when my friend recently got 
a $700 windfall, he decided it was time 
to buy a computer for his kid.  After 
talking to several people, he decided on 
a Commodore 128.

     He asked me to write a simple 
program that says "Hello there.  I'm 
you're new computer.  We'll have lots of 
fun together."  That sort of thing.  And 
he wanted it to be an AUTOEXEC file (or 
whatever the IBM term is), which means 
that it loads and runs when you turn on 
the computer.

     The program as he envisioned it 
would have used about five PRINT 
statements, which was too easy, so one 
night I sat down and wrote the graphics 
part: hi-res graphics and sprites, with 
a few sound effects.  Later, a musically 
inclined friend gave me a Scarlatti 
piece he had translated into PLAY 
statements and I merged the programs 
together.  It worked out pretty well.  I 
added a boot sector to make it auto-run 
on the 128.

     My IBM friend was amazed when he 
saw the program and said "The I	 
couldn't do that, could it?"  Nope.  He 
asked if there was a SID chip board for 
the IBM.  I don't think so (smirk).  He 
thought the 128 was sort of a "toy" 
computer for kids, much less powerful 
than an IBM.

     Later, I realized that I could 
remove the "Hello, I'm your computer" 
lines and upload it to CompuServe, so I 
did.  If I'd known that I would 
eventually be uploading it, I would have 
put in some REMs that explain how it 
works.  Actually, it's a sort of messy 
and unstructured program,	ut I wrote it 
in an hour or two, the day before my 
friend bought the 128.

     If you have any comments about the 
MUG128.IMG program, come to the CBMART 
forum on CompuServe and leave a message 
for me.  I'd prefer a forum message over 
an Easyplex.

     Jake Lund, 76703,3051

This file is for each of you who bought
a Commodore 1660 modem (also known as
the MODEM/300) with the intention of
downloading programs from Compuserve. 
Included with that modem is a nice
terminal program called Higgyterm. 
When I first got my modem, I sat down
and tried to download some programs. 
What I didn't know is that that version
of Higgyterm (there are others) is not
capable of downloading.

Fortunately, thanks to CHRISDOS, the
head honcho of the CB Special Interest
Group, it is possible for you to use a
simple BASIC program to download
"CBTERM", a first class full featured
terminal program with downloading
capabilities.

Now to drop the other shoe.  Because
the 1660 modem operates differently
from most modems, the program outlined
in BXD.TXT won't work for you as
written.  This file will tell you how
to modify AUTODIAL VICTERM (a program
on the disk included with the 1660) to
download "CBTERM", by adding a modified
version of BXD.BAS to it.

Be sure you also get CBTP1.DOC and
CBTP2.DOC, the instructions for using
CBTERM.  You can do this with Higgyterm
by opening the buffer, (R)eading the
file into it, and then saving the file
to disk.  Don't try to get both files
in the buffer at the same time.  This
documentation printed out at 17 pages
for me, and CBTERM has so many features
that you will need these files to take
advantage of it.

While I'm at it, I'll give you some
information that it took me a while to
figure out when I first got on
COMPUSERVE. eThe files you will be
looking at will usually be followed by
a period and a three letter code.  The
most common are .BIN, .IMG, .TXT, and
.DOC.

.BIN and IMG. files are programs, and
require an XMODEM or other terminal
program to download.  They are slightly
different, but if you use CBTERM you
don't have to worry about that.

.TXT and .DOC files are TEXT and
DOCUMENT files.  These are simply files
of written information, and the easiest
way to get them is to open your buffer
and (R)ead them at the prompt.

You'll find that files often come in
pairs, with PRGRM.DOC being the
instructions for using PRGRM.BIN or
PRGRM.IMG

But now back to the subject at hand.

In order to download CBTERM, first LOAD
VICTERM AUTODIAL from disk, but don't
RUN it.  Enter the following lines (and
you, too will be a programmer):


1190 OH=56577:HI=32:LO=255-32
2000 REM 1660 BOOTSTRAP DOWNLOADER 
2010 PRINT"BOOTSTRAP XMODEM DOWNLOADER"
2011 PRINT"(C) 1985 BY CHRISDOS"
2020 DIM I%(132)
2030 ACK$=CHR$(6):NAK$=CHR$(21):EOT$=CHR$(4)
2040 OPEN8,8,8,"CBTERM,W,P"
2050 FORX=1TO25:GET#5,A$:NEXTX:PRINT#5,NAK$;
2060 GOSUB2100
2070 IFCK%<>I%(132)THENPRINT"CHECK SUM BAD":GOTO2050
2080 FORX=4TO131:PRINT#8,CHR$(I%(X));:NEXTX:GET#5,A$
2090 B=B+1:PRINT"BLOCK OK":PRINT#5,ACK$;:GOTO2060
2100 N=FRE(0):FORX=1TO132
2110 IFPEEK(667)=PEEK(668)GOTO2110
2120 GET#5,A$:I%(X)=ASC(A$+CHR$(0)):PRINT".";
2130 IFX=1ANDA$=EOT$THENCLOSE8:PRINT"DONE":PRINT#5,ACK$:STOP
2140 NEXTX:PRINT"HAVE BLOCK "B
2150 CK%=0:FORX=1TO131
2160 CK%=(CK%+I%(X))AND255:NEXTX:RETURN
 
 
Check your work carefully, and SAVE
this to disk with the name MUTTERM. 
Actually you can call it anything you
want, but MUTTERM describes this
mongreliZed program nicely.  If you
decide to run the program to test it,
it will create a program title called
"CBTERM" on your disk.  Don't be
fooled.  There is no program there. 
It's just a title.  Make sure you
scratch this program title before you
actually try to download the CBTERM
program (or the download won't work).

When the magic moment comes to get
CBTERM, LOAD and RUN "MUTTERM".  Put a
disk in your drive that does not have
"CBTERM" listed in its directory, and
has at least 49 blocks free.  Follow
the instructions in the 1660 User's
Manual for VICTERM READ to get onto
COMPUSERVE.  Having done that, follow
the menu prompts to CBIG and then to
Data Library 2 (DL2 - CB Technology). 
Maneuver to CBT45.BIN and tell
COMPUSERVE you want to DOWnload that
program.  At the following prompt,
choose the XMODEM protocol.

You will next see the following prompt:

Starting XMODEM download.
Enter a carriage return when transfer
is complete.

When you see this, hit RUN/STOP
(unshifted!).  Then enter GOTO 2000 and
hit RETURN.  This will begin a
conversation between your computer and
COMPUSERVE's that will result in
"CBTERM" being SAVEd directly on your
disk.  You should immediately see a
series of dots appearing across your
screen, indicating that data is being
transferred.  If you don't see anything
for a minute, enter GOTO 2050 <RETURN>.
 Wait a minute and then repeat this
cycle a few times in hopes that you get
some results.  If you don't, well, bad
luck.  You don't have the terminal
program but you are no worse off than
you were before.

If things are going OK you will get
progress reports from your computer as
the download continues.  About every
20-30 seconds you should see "HAVE
BLOCK" followed by the number of blocks
of information that your computer has
received.  The screen will then display
either "BLOCK OK" OR "CHECK SUM BAD",
depending on whether the block was
accurately received.  If it was not
recieved properly, the computer will
try to get that block again.  Again, if
the program seems to stop running for
one minute, hit RUN/STOP and enter GOTO
2050 to try to get things going again. 


The whole process of downloading CBTERM
involves transferring 95 blocks of
information and will take 15 to 20
minutes if you have no problems.  If
the download is succesful, the
following prompt will appear:

DONE.
BREAK IN 2130

Enter GOTO 200 to resume using AUTODIAL
VICTERM and then enter the <RETURN>
that COMPUSERVE asked you for at the
beginning of the download.  You can
then continue your visit to CBIG and
COMPUSERVE, or you can log off and
begin taking advantage of your new
terminal program.

Just in case you are like me, and you
can't wait to try out a new program,
here are some things you should know
about CBTERM and the 1660.  Load the
program with LOAD "CBTERM",8, and then
RUN it.  When the prompt "BAUD" comes
up, enter 3 (for 300).  When the first
screen comes up, hit the COMMODORE key
and the 5 key at the same time.  This
will set you up for Negative Dialing. 
Next, hit the COMMODORE key and H (for
help) at the same time to see a list of
most of the commands to CBTERM.  If you
are adventurous, you will then have
enough information to use CBTERM to get
back online and grab some other
programs.  If you are less impetuous,
check out the documentation files
first.

Just some further information.  After
using CBTERM for a while, I downloaded
some other terminal programs from the
CBM programming SIG.  Some of them may
be excellent for other applications,
but I haven't found any program that is
better suited to working with
COMPUSERVE than CBTERM, and you can get
it here for free, courtesy of CHRISDOS.

BXD.BAS is (c) Chris Dunn, AKA
CHRISDOS, and is quoted here by
permission.


             Geoff Sjostrom
               72207,2026
  
                         DOCUMENTATION FOR "NETERM.BIN"
 
 
The program, "NETERM.BIN", uploaded at about the same time, is a bare bones
program that illustrates the technique of printing while on-line, without
sending hold-offs to the host (e.g., CONTROL S).  Written in BASIC for a C-64,
it was tested with a C-64C, an OKIMATE
20 serial printer, and a 1670 modem.
Unfortunately, I could get reliable operation only at 300 baud.  But I think
that the method employed is usable at higher baud rates with other printers.
The OKIMATE 20 is highly intolerant of delays in character transmission caused
by -NMI interrupts.  The CBM serial port specifiction is 200 microseconds from
-DATA line going high to start of -CLK pulses for a valid character.  But my
measurements indicate that with considerably shorter delays, the printer will
unlisten itself.  The program, when LOADed and RUN, transfers 918 bytes of ML
to the region from $C000 to $C395.  The
BASIC program occupies $0801 to $0F7C.
Any linenumber between 20 and 2020 may be deleted, edited, or added.  Before
reSAVing, be sure to change the end of line 10 from GOTO2020 to GOTO0020.  The
pro	am was designed for ease of modification. It is not offered as a finished
product.  But rather as a demonstration
of a technique that may be in little
current use.  The variables, F2$, F4$, and F6$, should be changed to your local
CIS 'phone number, your user ID, and your password, respectively.  The printer
device number, secondary address, and control characters, may be changed as
required.  After getting past the printer prompt(s), press F1 to enter terminal
mode.  You exit terminal mode with F3.
After	ialing the 'phone number (F2),
and sending a CONTROL C by pressing the
STOP key when connection is made,
press F4 to respond to user ID prompt, and F6 to answer password prompt.  If an
ASCII text file is to be REAd, after typing in the FILENAME, do not press
RETURN.  Press F5 instead.  The header should dissapear to indicate "printer
on" mode.  What is displayed on the screen is what is being received from the
host in real time.  The interruptions occuring during printhead activity are
compensated for by 	pid receiver buffer printout when the printer holdoff is
removed.  You're never more than a line
or two behind.  A "receive only" RS-232
routine is used and the receiver buffer
is dumped into a 35 K capture buffer.
The printer is fed from the capture buffer.  When the "Press <CR>" prompt
appears at the end of the file, press F7, (the only key operable in "printer
on" mode).  The header should reappear,
indicating "printer off" mode.  With my
OKIMATE 20, in draft mode, I would by now have printed out most 	 the buffer.
In NLQ mode, however, I would be far behind.  I suspect that other "Commodore
compatible" printers may be significantly faster.  But you have a hard copy of
most, if not all, of what you received.
 After exiting terminal mode, by
pressing F3, the rest of the buffer may
be printed out.  ASCII/PETASCII and
PETASCII/ASCII conversion is used.  When pressing F7 while on-line, to stop
printing, keep the key down until the header appears. The keyboard is not read
during printhead movement.  All comm	ts, suggestions, and criticisms are
welcome.
 
                      John Iannetta
 
                      73510,2152
Maurice on renewed GEOS:

MO: What specifically are you hoping to achieve there?

MR: I've really improved it considerably. I can't possibly tell you all here. But I've posted some files on my BBS detailing what has been done. There's 7 text files describing it all.

MO: Comments on gateWay & other previous mods?

MR: gateWay might still work, but there's a whole new Desktop.

MO: Care to upload them here? We'd certainly all be very interested.

MR: Sure I might do that. Some of it gets a little technical. But it's not too bad for reading. It's sort of a development history.

MO: We have some VERY technical folks here! What's the main difference in the new Desktop?

MR: The Desktop can handle 16 windows, movable and resizable. Each can have a separate directory (subdirectories). Color is in the kernal now.

MO: So it's more like Windows File Manager?

MR: Sorta, but maybe looks more like an Amiga. The windows can have text mode or icon mode in each one. You can also move your drive icons wherever you want them. It's very customizable. When you run an app and then return to the Desktop, the windows are still open.

MO: Does it have a	LIR sector to record window size and positions or something like that?

MR: The window info is stored in the REU. The system now uses the first 64K bank and also the last 64K bank.

MO: Oh, OK. So the REU is vital for this version then?

MR: Yes, REU is mandaroy.

MO: Both RAM units usable?

MR: ANy REU will work. Configure works with all of them. It's automatic. geoRAM, 1750, RANLink. And it supports up to a 16MB REU if ever there is one. You can have a native ramdisk just like native partiions on the HD	ith subdirectories and all. And there is a driver that turns the 1581 into an FD-1000 with native mode. You can format an FD disk in the 1581. Much of the new kernal is in the REU. Also, much of the old kernal has been improved considerably. You can now switch to different partitions and subdirs from the apps. Even from geoWrite, you have access to the whole HD.

MO: IYO, what was the worst of the old kernal?

MR: There was a lot of little bugs here and there. It's all in those doc files. You can also swi	h between 1581 and native partitions freely now. From the Desktop, if you are in a 1581 disk on the FD and you put a native disk in it, it is recognized and opened properly. It works with or without the SuperCPU. No patching required. Also Turbomaster. Ramdisk run full blast at 20MHz. No slow down ever. All printing to geoCable is at 20MHz. GeoPublish is extremely fast now. Stuff is much faster under GEOS with SuperCPU now than in GEOS 2.0. DA no longer save and restore from the floppy. The memory goes to	he REU. They are much faster now. You can load a DA from a full disk or a write=protected one now. As you can see, this is not just a little patch job. The file requestor can handle 255 files now. The Desktop can handle 2040 file per directory. No 144 limit anymore.

MO: Both 64 & 128?

MR: The 128 will come later. After the SuperCPU128 is out. I'll drop in again soon and upload that stuff.
*nb"BUG1/1/010"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#10:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Continued from page 9

Commodore UK approved              ANAGRAM Accounting Suite
products available from             Anagram Systems
England.                             (0403) 59551
                                   Note: Stand-alone
                                   Integrated Accounting system \999.00
                                   Integraded Accounting system 
                                    with Stock Control \129999.00
                                   Integraded Accounting system
                                    with Stock Control and
                                     Full Sales Order Processing \1599.00
                                   Sales Ledger and Invoicing \299.00
                                   Sales Ledger and Stock Coontrol \799.00
PEGASUS Accounting Suite           Sales Ledger and Invoicing and
Pegasus software Ltd               Nominal Accounts \399.00
(0536) 522822         	         Purchase Ledger and Nominal Accounts \399.00
Note:Modular                       Stock Control \399.00
Invoicing and Sales Order          Stockmaster \500.00
 Processing
Sales Ledger                       CASHBOOK
Purchase Ledger                    L & J Computers
Nominal Ledger                     (01) 204 7525
Stock Control                      Note: Integrated Package
Job Costing                          Price \120.00
Payroll
 Priced from \2,000.00 to
\2,000.00 for complete suite       INCA 2 M	agement Accounts
                                    Acounting Software
TIME RECORDING SYSTEM                (0272) 730950
 Quick-count Ltd                   Note: Stand-alone system
  (01) 202 5486                      Price \895.00
Note: accoountant software
Time Recording \750.00             SKYMASTER Accounting Suite
Time recording with                 Sky software
Sales Ledger \995.00                (0527) 36299
                                   Note: Modular
STORR                              Sales	edger
(STOrr Operation Record &          Purchase Ledger
Retieval)                          Nominal Ledger
 T M Software Ltd                  Payroll
  (01) 755 0713                    Stock Invoicing
Note: Integrated Package           Contract Costing
Price Full system \750.00        Price \350.00 per module
Demonstration Disk  with manual
(refundable on purchase of
complete system) \60.00

Continued on page 11
*fp0
*nb"BUG1/1/011"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#11:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Continued from page 10

*cn1
Payroll
*cn0

BASICPAY and SUPERPAY
 Computastore Ltd                                                                 (061) 832 4761
Note: small and larger/ssp
stand-alones
Basicpay \125.00
Superpay \395.00

*cn1
Information Management
*cn0

SUPERBASE
Precision Software
(01) 330 7166
Price \395.00

*cn1
Word Processing
*cn0

WORDCRAFT                          SUPERSCRIPTII (with Superspell)
 Dataveiw Wordcraft Ltd             Precision Software Ltd
 (0206) 869414                       (01) 330 7166
Wordcraft \425.00                  Superscript II \395.00
Educational \150.00                Superspell \150.00

*cn1
Utilities
*cn0

JCL SOFTWARE 700 WORKSHOP          POWER
JCL Software Limited               Wego Computers Ltd
(0892) 27454                       (0883) 49231
Demo Disk \10.00                   Power 4k rom \59.00
System \120.00

DTL Basic Compiler
DTL-Protector
Dataview Wordcraf	Ltd
(0206) 869414
Compiler \99.00
Protector \250.00

*cn1
CAD/CAM
*cn0

MASTERBILL 1 & 2                   MICROSURVEY SURVEY SYSTEM
 Masterbill                         Construction Measurement Systems Ltd
(0923)38551                        (053758) 283
Masterbill 1 \3500.00                (0455) 63781
Masterbill 2 \450.00 to \1400.00   Price Depending on facilities

Continued on page 12
*fp0
*nb"BUG1/1/012"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#12:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Continued from page 11

DIGITMASTER                             Commodore UK approved
Jentech Services Ltd                  products available from
(07462) 5287                          England.
Level One Software \1400.00
Automatic Dimensioning Option \350.00
Second Screen Option Software \450.00
Complete CAD system includes:
Computer, Disk Drive.
10 Pen Plotter and software
from \5390.00 with color screen
or \3890.00 with Plotter only

*cn1
Peripherals
*cn0

SUNOL HARD DISK DRIVES               The MATOR SHARK/SHARKETTE
 Small Systems Engineering Ltd        Mator Systems Ltd.
 (01) 328 7145                        (0273) 726 4647
8 Mb \1895.00   16 Mb \2295.00       Shark from \2800.00
250Mb \2795.00  40 Mb \4295.00       Sharkette from \5210.00
65 Mb \5495.00  92 Mb \6645.00       (Hard disk with cassette backup)
Tape \1195.00   Multiplexor \400.00
Hardbox controller \495.00

The next section of the listing contains	roducts available from vendors in the United States.  You may note that some of the same products as listed previously in the English section are available for far less in the USA.

Protecto Enterprises
Box 550, Barrington, Il 60010
(805) 312-5244

B-128 Computer System w/8050 disk, 4023 printer, & Monitor $895.00
Superscript II Word Processor $99.00
Superbase Database $99.00
Calc Result Spreadsheet $99.00
Accounts Receivable $99.00
Accounts Payable $99.00
Payroll $99.00
Inventory $99.00
General Ledger $9	00
Order Entry $99.00
ADA1800 IEEE to Centronics adaptor $139.00
Olympia RO Letter Quality Printer $379.00
Comstar 160 CPS 15-1/2" Business Printer $469.00
Telecommunications Package $139.00
B-129 Programmers Reference Guide $24.95

As you can see there is not alot available in the USA as compared to the UK.  Rumors have been circulating concerning some other US vendors have or will soon release packages for the B-128 such as Southern Solutions Inc.
*fp0
*nb"BUG1/1/013"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#13:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

*cn1;Calc Result Reviewed

by Ken Leigh
*cn0

The purpose of this report is to provide some insight into the spread sheet program that is available for the B-128.  I ordered this program as part of a package from Protecto Enterprizes at a cost of $99.00 and knew only that it was a spreadsheet program.  I was pleasantly surprised when I opened my software package to find I was the proud owner of Calc Result from Handic Software.  I had a chance to try a similar program on the Commodore 64 called Calc Result Advanced and knew this was a powerful program, and as I had expected, the two versions are very very similar.  The B-128 program is nicer because of the additional function keys and the faster disk access.

The program consists of a cartridge and a disk, both of which are used at the same time.  The manual is a 9" by 8" loose leaf binder with 168 pages and pockets for the disk and cartridge.  It also allows you to m	e a working copy of the program disk so you don't have to use the original.  The manual is divided into three parts and appendices.  Part one covers such things as getting started for the first time, minimum equipment, backups, etc.  Part two covers five tutorial lessons and part three covers all the commands and functions.  For the most part I found the documentation easy to follow and the tutorials were informative and orderly.  Many of the commands are lumped together and the format is given for only o	 of the group.  This is not a big problem but does require some investigation the first time through.  The biggest fault I found was in the reference section.  It is often difficult to look up a particular command or function because of the generalized nature of the index.

The spreadsheet itself is conventionally arranged and contains 63 columns by 254 rows on each page.  The computer can hold two pages in memory and the  program can use up to 32 pages by using the disk memory.  All the functions seem to	ork very well and the list of all of them would be too long.  Some of  the features that are very helpful include split screens and windows, graphics, storing information in DIF-format so other commercial programs can use them  and complete communications capabilities for those who need to transmit data over the phone.  Calc result can be used with a hard disk (D9060) and can be set up to be used with a multi-user system.

I particularly like and use the graphics function which is activated on any row or 	lumn with two simple keystrokes.  When the graphics (vertical bar charts) have been viewed it is easy to print them on paper if you have a dot matrix printer such as the Commodore 4023.  The program allows you to set the upper and lower limits and insert a heading and two rows of comments or titles at the bottom of the graph.  I have used other spreadsheets with graphic functions but this is the one that works best for my needs.

Still other options include an if-then-else command, screen dump including r	 and column numbers, formatted print-out, formula print-out, and zeroing all values of the page.                                                                
Continued on page 14
*nb"BUG1/1/cov"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl66
*0=96:1=32


000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00`111111000`1110000`111110000`111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000`1100`11000`11000`11000`1100`11000`11000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000`1100`11000`1100000000`1100`11000`110000000000TheJournal0000000
000`1100`11000`110000000`11000`11000`11000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000`111110000`11000000`1100000`111110000000000000000ofthe000000000000
000`1100`11000`1100000`1100000`11000`11000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000`1100`11000`110000`11000000`11000`1100000B128UsersGroup00
000`1100`11000`11000`110000000`11000`11000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00`111111000`111100`1111111000`111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000


------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introductory Issue     December 1984

------------------------------------------------------------------------


*cn1;Contents:

Policy Statements ................... 2
Editorial ........................... 3
S	nd on the B128 ................... 3
Memory Expansion .................... 7
B128 Vendor/Product Listing ......... 9
Calc-Result Reviewed ............... 13
Bulletins .......................... 14
Mailing List ....................... 15
Next Issue ......................... 15
Ordering Information ............... 15


------------------------------------------------------------------------


*cn1;Published by:

The B128 Users Group

Established for the purpose of supporting the users of,
and developing res	rces for, the Commodore B128 system.


Subscriptions:

Subscriptions are available for 20.00 for 12 issues.  Subscription
also includes access to the group library of public domain software,
and when established, the bulletin board system.  Please submit
subscription applications containing name, address, and phone number,
along with a check or money order to the address listed below.


B128UsersGroup
701 E. North Ave.
Lompoc, Ca. 93436


---------------------------     Page 1      -----------------------	---
*fp0
*nb"BUG1/1/005"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#5:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Continued from page 4

 610 data 20,25,177,22,227,0,0
 620 data 20,28,214,21,154,7,53
 630 data 20,32,94,19,63,8,23
 640 data 20,34,75,21,154,8,147
 650 data 20,0,0,25,177,6,108
 660 data 20,34,75,21,154,4,73
 670 data 20,0,0,0,0,0,0
 700 data 0

Type the program in exactly as shown for a quick demo of your computer's  sound capability.  The program uses all three voices for it's rendition of what should be a very familiar tune.  After studying the code you can figure out how to change the data statements and a few key constants to program your own song.  Each of the data statements contains seven values.  The first is the duration for the note to played.  Three pairs of numbers specifying the frequency each of the voices will be for that note follow.  Each voice has two bytes for controlling the frequency, in each pair the 'low byte' is followed by the 'high byte'.  Your User's guide contains some note values in appen	x L.

The last two data statements should be left intact.  Line 670 zeroes the frequencies.  Line 700 contains a single number for zero duration which signals to the program that the end of data has been reached.  If your song requires more data statements, insert them before line 670.  Lines 100-290 are for the most part a general purpose driver for sequencing the data statements that follow into the SID chip to create sound.

Another sound program called Organ, that I downloaded from the CBM Programming	IG's B-128 database on Compuserve, provides the ability to 'play' songs using the top two rows of keys on your keyboard as a two octave organ keyboard.  It also will play two songs that it comes with.  The listing follows.

Organ
















Continued on page 6
*fp0
*nb"BUG1/1/007"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#7:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Continued from page 6




























Check out the C64 Programmer's Reference Guide, the B128 Programmer's Reference Guide, and some of the books covering the C64's sound capability for  more information and further programming examples.  In a future issue I'll go into specifics of sound programming using the SID chip on the B-128.  Also a machine language program called SPROC, for Sound Processor, will be presented.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

*cn1;Memory Expansion

by Marlin Schwanke and Robert Phillips
*cn0

For the more adventurous souls out there thinking about memory expansion, this article will provide you with enough information to expand your B-128's memory from 128K to 256K.  Commodore built a number of expansion provisions into the B-series machines and this is one of the simpler to take advantage of.  You will need to be proficient at soldering, o	know someone who is!  The soldering task ahead is not small.  There are 292 solder filled holes that have to be desoldered, componets inserted, and resoldered.  For those of you who are still thinking of doing this be warned, Commodore claims that opening up the case of your computer and soldering on the circuit board will void your warranty.

Continued on page 8
*nb"BUG1/1/008"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#8:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Continued from page 7

Even though you shouldn't damage your machine if you know how to solder and follow the few simple precautions described below, you may want to wait until your warantee period is over.  Is anyone still there?  I don't want to sound overly pessimistic, it is a straightforward job.

One thing you should be aware of while working inside your computer, components inside the B128, and the memory ICs used in this project are static sensitive.  While handling the circuit board or the ICs you should ground yourself.

To perform the memory expansion we cleared the solder from all the component holes required then installed sixteen low profile 16 pin sockets into IC locations U29-U36 and U45-U52.  Also installed at this time were 16 .22uf disc capacitors, C66-C73 and C94-C101, and two 22uf pc mount electrolytic capacitors C65 and C93.  The B128's pc board has very good component legends so there shouldn't b	any problem finding the component locations.  After soldering all the previously installed components in place we inserted sixteen 4164 200ns 64k x 1 dynamic ram ICs into the newly installed sockets, being careful to orient pin 1 of the ICs to the top left of the circuit board.

After re-assembling your B128 connect it up and turn it on.  Don't be alarmed if it takes several seconds to display the initialization message.  Every time you turn on a Commodore computer it does a test of available ram automati	lly.  If everything went well during the installation it should have twice as much ram to test!  If you don't get the normal message after a minute or so you have a problem, see the suggestions that follow.  Once you get the BASIC prompt display you should enter the machine language monitor by typing:

sys6 <RETURN>

The monitor will prompt you by printing a period.  Type the following:

m 0355 <RETURN>

The monitor will display the address, 0355, followed by 16 bytes expressed as 2 digit hexadecimal numb	s.  The first three of these should be 'ff fb 04' the important number is '04' indicating the top bank of 64k as detected by the ram test.  Anything less than '04' suggests you have a problem.  The number usually found at this location in an un-expanded B128 is '02'.

You should know that BASIC will not use the expansion memory for program text or variables, except that by using the 'bank' statement you may peek and poke values there, and 'bload' and 'bsave' can be used to transfer data from these banks t	and from disk.  Superscript II will use the expansion ram however, giving you the capability to have 3 files loaded at the same time.  You can also use this new memory space for large machine language programs of your own.

Continued on page 9
*fp0
*nb"BUG1/1/009"
*lm6:rm78:pl66:tl60
*p#9:hd1:B128 Users Group Journal,,
*ft4:----------------------------,page #,-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Continued from page 8

If at some point in the project you detect a problem go back and check your work carefully.  Are all the ICs inserted with the same orientation of pin 1?  Are all of the pins correctly inserted in the socket holes?  Look for shorts between pins that you've soldered.  One of your memory components may be bad try exchanging rows and running the ml monitor to see if you can get at least an '03' for top bank thereby narrowing the location of the bad part to bank 4.  If you still have a problem back out the work you've done until the machine works ok and seek some technical help.

For those of you who don't have access to an inexpensive source for the parts used in this project or need more detailed instructions on how it should be performed we are putting together a kit of parts including the sockets, capacitors, and memory ICs, along with complete step by step instructions and a component layout dia	am complete for only $50.00 for a 64k upgrade and $100.00 for a 128k upgrade.  If you want the upgrade but don't wish to do it yourself we can arrange for our technician to do it for $75.00/64k and $150.000/128k including all parts and labor.  Please see ordering information on page 13.

Yes we're working on an even more extensive memory expansion!  An internally mounted board connecting to one of the expansion connectors containing 256K.  Look for details of this project in the coming months.

----------	-------------------------------------------------------------

*cn1;B-128 Product/Vendor List
*cn0

In this department a listing of programs and hardware we believe to be compatible with the B-128 computer is presented.  At this time only a few of the products listed have been reviewed.  If you have any additional information concerning B-128 compatible products please forward it so that it may be added to this listing.

The first section is a listing of products from England approved by Commodore UK.

Ma	gement of Finance
*cn0

MICROFACTS Accounting Suite        
Facts Software Ltd
(0234) 218191
Note: Modular
Invoicing
Sales Ledger
Purchase Ledger
Nominal Ledger
Stock Control
Job Costing
Priced from \300.00 per module

Continued on page 10
*fp0
 
                         M A R C H     1 9 9 2
******************** 603 area code boards ***********************************
NAME OF BOARD     LOCATION     PHONE #    HOURS      BAUD       PURPOSE
*****************************************************************************
ADAPTIVE TECHNOLGY Candia      483-0534   24 hrs.    2400
ALTER NET 2        Gilford     528-2149  8 PM-8 AM  14400       IBM ONLY
AMIGA/IBM BBS      Goffstown   497-3689   24 hrs     2400       <NEW>
AMIGA VENOM        Manchester  624-9451   24 hrs     9600
ANT HILL           Dover       742-8744   24 hrs     2400       <NEW>
APPLE POWER        Merrimack   429-1309   24 hrs     2400       APPLE
APPLE POWER        Merrimack   424-0371   24 hrs     2400       APPLE
BABBLE BOARD       Belmont     267-5921   24 hrs     2400
BALLPARK           Nashua      882-2099   24 hrs    14400 HST   IBM ONLY
BARRINGTONN BBS #1 Rochester   335-5640   24 hrs    19200 HST  SUBSCRIPTION FEE
BEER BARN          Nashua      891-0827   24 hrs     2400       <NEW>
BIZNESS BYTE       Nashua      595-1662   22 hrs     2400       <NEW>
BLACKBOARD (KHS)   Keene       352-6331   24 hrs     1200
BOARD TALK         Manchester  647-3177   24 hrs     9600 HST   AMATEUR RADIO
BOB B BBS          Nashua      889-2049   24 hrs     2400
BRICKYARD BBS      Rochester   332-0419   24 hrs     2400
BULL BOARD         Dover       742-5201   24 hrs     2400
BULLDOG BBS        Hudson      595-7807   24 hrs     9600 HST
CEREAL PORT        Rindge      899-3335   24 hrs    19200
CHAIN              Plaistow    382-8157   24 hrs     2400       <NEW>
CHECKMATE          Manchester  622-2371   24 hrs      ?         AVIATION
COMPUTER CASTLE 1  Newton      382-3249   23 hrw     9600
COMPUTER CASTLE 2  Newton      382-3471   23 hrs     9600
COMPUTER CASTLE 3  Newton      382-7052   23 hrs                <NEW>
COMPUTER CASTLE 4  Newton      382-6938   23 hrs                <NEW>
COMPUTER CASTLE 4  Kingston    642-5949   24 hrs     9600
COMPUTER CASTLE 4  Raymond     895-2393   23 hrs                <NEW>
COMPUTER KINGDON   Merrimack   424-4912   23 hrs     2400       <NEW>
COMPUTER LAB       Deerfield   463-5837   23 hrs     2400
COMPUTERSMITH      Hudson      889-9084   24 hrs     2400
COMPUTER SOLUTIONS Manchester  641-2017   24 hrs    14400 HST   IBM ONLY
COSMO              Manchester  666-0108   24 hrs     9500
CUCKOO'S NEST      Hudson      880-1658  0800-0300  14400 HST   RAINBOW/IBM
DANGER ZONE        Nashua      595-7739   24 hrs     9600
DARE DEVIL         Amherst     429-2915   24 hrs     2400
DAVES SWIMMIN HOLE Brookline   673-2781   24 hrs    19200
DEAD ZONE          Manchester  669-9149   23 hrs     2400       <NEW>
DIGICOM            Dover       743-s385   2s hrs      ?         AMIGA/IBM
EASY DOES IT       Bow         228-0705   24 hrs     9600 HST
EXILE'S GATE       Manchester  644-5724   24 hrs     9600       <NEW>
FAR POINT STATION  Barnstead   776-4885   24 hrs      ?         BEING REPAIRED
FIRING LINE        Pelham      898-1314   23 hrs     9600       <NEW>
FLOPPY DISK        Pittsfield  435-8021   24 hrs     2400
GATEWAY 1          Windham     434-1456   24 hrs     2400
GATEWAY 2          Windham     434-5842   24 hrs     9600       No Answer
GEORGE'S PLACE     Pelham      635-3738   23 hrs     9600
GRANITE STATE CON. Weare       529-4290   24 hrs    14400 HST   IBM ONLY
GRANITE STATE CON. Weare       529-3395   24 hrs     2400       IBM ONLY
HOBBY CENTER       Plymouth    536-9618   23 hrs     2400       <NEW>
HOMEBASE           Exeter      772-6455   23 hrs     2400       <NEW>
HOME SWEET HOME    Allenstown  485-8801   22 hrs     2400       <NEW>
IMPERIAL PALACE    Nashua      891-1386    ?         9600@xINFO RAIL          Newton Jct. 382-3966   24 hrs     9600 HST
INTER. DEV. CORP.  Hampstead   329-4841   24 hrs     9600
JACK'S BBS         Merrimack   429-1787   24 hrs      ?
LEGAL BEAGLE       Nashua      883-4466   24 hrs     2400
LEO TECHNOLOGY     Derry       432-2517   24 hrs     2400       ENGINEERING
LEO TECHNOLOGY     Derry       432-0922   23 hrs    14400       ENGINEERING
LEO TECHNOGLGY     Derry       437-8250   24 hrs     2400       ENGINEERING
MAXBOARD           Rumney      786-2349   23 hrs     2400
MIDNIGHT SHADOWS   Merrimack   429-1787   24 hrs     2400
MISSING LINK       Winchester  239-4433   24 hrs     2400
MY HOUSE           Salem       898-2349   24 hrs     1200
NEC BBS            Henniker    428-7962   23 hrs     2400
NHE EMPIRE         Sutton      927-4273   24 hrs     2400
NITE OWLS          W.Lebanon   298-9872   24 hrs    14400
NOR'EASTER BBS     Londonderry 432-6711   24 hrs     9600
NORTH COUNTRY BBS  Lancaster   788-2251   24 hrs     2400       <NEW>  IBM
NRM CONSULTANTS    Merrimack   426-5242   24 hrs     2400
NUKE ZONE, THE     Dover       743-3955   23 hrs     9600
ON-LINE NH         Chichester  798-4028   23 hrs     2400
OUTER LIMITS       Merrimack   424-4915   23 hrs     9600 HST
OUTLAND            Goffstown   497-3689   24 hrs     2400       <NEW NAME>
OUTPOST            Nashua      888-3840   24 hrs     2400       UP AGAIN
PEMBROKE CNCTN     Pembroke    485-8549   24 hrs     2400
PETERBORO CNCTN    Peterboro   924-7724   24 hrs     1200
PLEASURE DOME      Nashua      881-9741   24 hrs     2400
PORTABLE 100       Peterboro   924-9770   24 hrs     2400
PROD. PROCESS      Londonderry 434-4053   24 hrs     2400
QUAGMIRE           Portsmouth  433-1859   24 hrs     9600 HST   GENERAL
RANDOM ACCESS      Keene       357-8941   24 hrs     2400
RCI                Merrimack   429-0513   24 hrs     2400
ROSE CROSS/2       North Salem 893-9563   24 hrs     2400
RUNNING BOARD      Peterboro   924-9704   24 hrs     2400
SALEM STATION      Salem       894-5169   24 hrs     9600
SEA MAC N.H.       Exeter      778-7484   23 hrs     2400
SHOP PDB 1         Exeter      772-4239   24 hrs     9600
SHOP PCB 2         Exeter      772-7803   24 hrs     2400
SKI COUNTRY        Laconia     528-5584   24 hrs     2400
SNAC-LINE          Merrimack   429-1309   24 hrs     2400
STARSHIP           Nashua      595-9677   23 hrs     9600
STARSHIP SHUTTLE   Merrimack   429-2052   23 hrs     9600
SUNCOOK RIVER      Allenstown  485-2111   24 hrs     2400
SYSTEM BBS         Nashua      881-3461   24 hrs     2400
TACTICAL EDGE      Keene       352-0194   24 hrs     4800       LAW ENFORCEMENT
TANDYLAND          Salem       893-7796   24 hrs     2400
TOKEN WARRIOR      Salem       893-2078   24 hrs     9600 HST   IBM ONLY
TOOL CHEST         Portsmouth  436-6793   24 hrs     1200
TOP OF THE KEYS    Concord     228-4770   24 hrs     2400
TOXIC JUNGLE       Manchester  623-2436   24 hrs     2400
TOY ROOM 1         Hudson      882-8669   24 hrs     2400
TOY ROOM 2         Hudson      886-5722   24 hrs     2400
VACATIONLAND       Littleton   444-0701   24 hrs     2400       WHITE MTS INFO
VAXCat             Merrimack   424-0923   24 hrs     2400
V-GER 128 BBS      Bradford    938-5265   24 hrs     2400       Commodore
WEARE PC HOST      Weare       529-1948   23 hrs     2400
WHIZ BBS           Manchester  647-3068   24 hrs
WILD IRISHMAN      Nashua      883-1151   24 hrs     2400       Boston Comp Soc
ZINN               Litchfield  424-8124   24 hrs     9600 HST
 
   The following boards are designed for IBM systems and compatibles only
and carry software only for MS-DOS machines:
 
          ALTER NET 2                    GRANITE STATE CONN. #2
          BALL PARK                      NORTH COUNTRY BBS
          COMPUTER SOLUTIONS             TOKEN WARRIER
          GRANITE STATE CONN. #1         WILD IRISHMAN
 
   The following boards will only accept a minimum of 2400:
 
              AMIGA VENOM     Manchester     624-9451
              Cereal Port     Rindge         899-3335
 
                     S Y S T E M     N O T E S
 
   ARCADE BBS - This board has now gone private, is closed to the general
                public, and is no longer accepting new users.  (9/21/91)
 
          The following systems have not answered their phones since September
of 1991, and these numbers may have been re-assigned.  (The phone rings, but
the computer does not answer.)  Use care in calling, especially during the late
evening hours.
 
ASYLUM             Dover       742-0250   24 hrs     2400
CHECK POINT        Bedford     472-6627   24 hrs     2400
INTERVISION        Francestown 547-6485   24 hrs     9600 HST
                                NONLIN DOC FILE

PURPOSE:  NONLIN determines the best straight or curved line to  fit  a  set  of
data points by a process known as  nonlinear  least-squares  curve-fitting.   It
then prints the parameter values that define the curve  and  plots  the  results
using one of several formats.  The program  readily  determines  the  best  line
through a group of points, the rate constant of an  exponential  decay  process,
the Km and Vmax (or Kd and  N)  of  a  saturable  process,  and  solves  related
problems for up to seven unknown parameters.

ANALYSES SUPPORTED:  Data may be analyzed according to three basic equations:

  POLYNOMIALS:  Polynomial curves are defined by the equation:

    Y = B(1) + B(2)*X + B(3)*X^2 + B(4)*X^3 + B(5)*X^4 + B(6)*X^5 + B(7)*X^6    

  Where B(1), B(2), etc. are the unknown parameters which will be  optimized  to
  the data.  From two to seven parameters can be fitted to  the  data.   In  its
  simplist form (two parameters), the equation defines  a  straight  line  where
  B(1) is the Y intercept and B(2) is the slope,  and  the  analysis  is  called
  linear regression.  If more than two parameters are selected, the result is  a
  curve and the analysis is called nonlinear regression.  Parameters  are  added
  in the order that they appear in the above equation.   Most  smoothly  varying
  data can be fit to this equation if a sufficient number of parameters is used.


  EXPONENTIALS:  Exponential curves are defined by the equation:

    Y = B(1)*e^(B(2)*X) + B(3)*e^(B(4)*X) + B(5)*e^(B(6)*X) + B(7)              

  where  X  is  typically  time  and  Y  is  typically  a  number,   amount   or
  concentration.  Again, from 2 to 7  parameters  can  be  fitted.   For  a  two
  parameter fit, the computer determines B(1) (the initial value of Y for X = 0)
  and B(2) (the exponential rate constant, which is negative for decay processes
  and positive for exponential growth).  The  result  is  a  single  exponential
  curve.  When 4 or 6 parameters are fitted, the result is the  sum  of  two  or
  three exponential curves.  When an odd number of parameters is  selected,  the
  final parameter is treated as a constant (e.g., its value does not change with
  time, as in the case of the  7th  parameter  in  the  above  equation).   This
  equation is useful for fitting exponential  decay  (e.g.,  radioactivity)  and
  growth (e.g., population) data.

  HYPERBOLAS:  This equation has the form:

    Y = (B(1)*X)/(B(2)+X) + (B(3)*X)/(B(4)+X) + (B(5)*X)/(B(6)+X) + B(7)*X      

  where X is typically concentration and Y  is  typically  the  velocity  of  an
  enzyme.  When binding of ligand to a receptor or binding protein is studied, X
  is the "free" and Y is the "bound" concentration respectively.  The  resulting
  value of B(1) is the Vmax or concentration of binding sites, and B(2)  is  the
  Km of the enzyme or Kd of the receptor or binding protein.  Data can be fit to
  the sum of  two  or  three  saturable  processes  by  selecting  four  or  six
  parameters, respectively.  If an odd number of  parameters  is  selected,  the
  last parameter (e.g., B(3),  B(5)  or  B(7))  is  treated  as  a  nonsaturable
  process: B(i)*X.  Examples are nonspecific binding or a nonenzymatic  reaction
  rate.

DATA ENTRY:  After selecting which equation to use, you must enter the data.  Up
to 100 data pairs can be entered.  If a mistake is made, scan  and  correct  the
data with the up/down cursor and delete keys.   After  entering  the  last  data
pair, enter "E" in place of the next X value.  You will be asked if you wish  to
accept the data.  If not, the computer will review each entry to allow errors to
be found and corrected.  You will next be asked if you want to  save  the  data.
Saved files can be loaded by entering "L" in place of an  X  value  during  data
entry, and will overwrite previous data.  If you forget the name of  your  file,
enter "D" to display the directory.  The Cardco numeric keypad is  supported  on
the C-64 version of this program.

NUMBER OF PARAMETERS:  You will then specify the number of parameters (2 - 7) to
be fitted to the data.  This number must be less (ideally, much less)  than  the
number of data points.  Fits using large numbers of  parameters  typically  take
much longer and require higher quality data for meaningful results.  In general,
it is wise to start with two or three parameters, and then add  parameters  only
if needed.

WEIGHTING POWER:  This number specifies the "weight" that is  given  to  each  Y
value in the analysis.  A weighting power of two is used when the standard error
of the mean (SEM) of each Y value (i.e., the uncertainty in the true value of Y)
is proportional to Y, as is commonly true.  A value of zero weights  all  points
equally, and is appropriate when the  standard  error  is  effectively  constant
regardless of the value of Y.  Use of  zero  weighting  under  other  conditions
tends to overemphasize the importance of large values of Y.  When  high  quality
data are available the weighting factor has little effect.

X OFFSET:  In exponential time curves, it is  sometimes  useful  to  subtract  a
constant from all  measured  times.   The  results  will  reflect  this  change,
although the data are printed and saved unchanged.  Enter zero for no offset.

INITIAL ESTIMATES:  Initial estimates of the expected values for each  parameter
must be provided.  These may be very approximate, but accurate  estimates  speed
the analysis and are essential when many parameters are being  fitted.   If  the
experiment has been done  previously,  enter  the  earlier  results.   Extremely
inaccurate initial estimates may lead to an  error  condition  during  analysis.
When this happens, the screen border turns  red  and  the  program  attempts  to
recover by reducing the values of all parameters and  restarting  the  analysis.
Such  results  may  occasionally  be  inaccurate  and  should  be  validated  by
reanalysis.  Inaccurate extimates may rarely cause to program to home on a local
rather than global solution.  If a result does not appear reasonable, repeat the
analysis with a better starting estimate.

ANALYSIS:  The analysis is automatic.  Current parameter  values  are  displayed
along with the current sum of the squares.  The data and current  best-fit  line
can be viewed during the analysis by holding down the space bar or F3, F5, F7 or
F2, but only if a Simon's Basic cartridge is installed.  When further  reduction
in the sum of the squares is not possible, the results are output to the screen.
If the analysis does not terminate within a reasonable time or the  sum  of  the
squares is not decreasing, output can be forced by holding down the "F" key.

OUTPUT:  Values are listed for each parameter  along  with  the  standard  error
(uncertainty) of that value, presented both as  an  absolute  amount  and  as  a
percentage.  Large uncertainties (over 40%) indicate that  too  many  parameters
have  been  selected  for  fitting,  that  the  data  are  being  fitted  to  an
inappropriate equation, or that the quality of the data is poor.  Also  provided
are the weighted and unweighted sum of the squares, the standard  error  of  the
analysis and the coefficient of determination (the  square  of  the  correlation
coefficient).  These values provide a measure of the quality of the fit, and are
useful in determining  the  best  equation  and  minimum  number  of  parameters
necessary to fit the data.

PRINTOUT:  Results can be printed by pushing the "P" key.  A label of up  to  60
characters can be added.  This should work with most printers on the serial bus.
Pressing RETURN sends a line feed and the  UP  ARROW  sends  a  form  feed.   If
everything is printed on the same line or other problems exist, try changing the
secondary address sent to the printer by pressing "S".  If your printer  is  not
device #4, other numbers may be selected by pressing "N".

PLOTTING THE DATA:  Graphic features  (only)  require  that  the  Simon's  Basic
cartridge be inserted in the cartridge slot.  Push F3 for a linear plot, F5  for
a log plot, F7 for a double-reciprocal (Lineweaver-Burke) plot,  and  F2  for  a
Scatchard plot of the data.  The best fit line will be drawn automatically.   If
you prefer that all points be joined by line segments, hold down "L"  while  the
data points are being plotted.  To plot the data points without any  line,  hold
down "D".  Holding down any key will suppress printing the numeric data  to  the
screen.

SETTING PLOT LIMITS:  Plot scaling is automatic.  The X = 0 and Y = 0  axes  are
shown as dotted lines if they occur within the  plot  area.   To  set  the  plot
limits manually, hold down the function key used to  select  the  plot  until  a
screen appears.

SCREEN DUMP:  Pressing F2 will dump the hires Simon's  screen  to  the  printer.
This is known to work with  the  Gemini  10x  and  SG-10  printers  with  Cardco
interfaces, and may  work  with  other  Epson-like  printers  although  this  is
untested.

ENDING THE ANALYSIS:  Three options are available when the analysis is complete.
1.  Pressing "Q" will quit the program and return you  to  Basic  (this  is  the
*only* method, and also works during the  analysis).   2.   Pressing  F6  allows
reanalysis of the same data  set  (for  example,  with  a  different  number  of
parameters).  3.  Pressing F8 resets the program for entry of new data.   During
data entry, if any of the new entries is unchanged, pressing return will reenter
it automatically.

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION:  This program finds the best values of  the  parameters
by successive approximation.  Matrix inversion is used  to  solve  a  system  of
partial differential equations for the parameter values  expected  to  give  the
lowest values for the sum of the squares.  The parameters are then  adjusted  to
these new values and minor adjustments made to further improve  the  fit  (these
steps are labelled "iteration" and "subiteration" respectively).   This  process
is repeated until further improvement is not possible.  Standard error estimates
for each parameter are then found by determining the sensitivity of the  sum  of
the squares to small changes in the value of the parameter.

SUMMARY OF COMMANDS:

  C       Disk command
  D       Plot only data (Hold down during plotting)
  E       Edit data set
  F       Force results  (Hold down during analysis)
  G       Display graphic screen
  L       Connect points (Hold down during plotting)
  N       Change printer device number
  P       Send results to printer
  Q       Quit
  S       Change secondary address sent to printer
  T       Display prior text screen
 <^>      Send formfeed to printer
 <F1>     Redisplay parameter values of last analysis
 <F3>     Linear Plot (Hold down to set limits)
 <F5>     Log Plot (Hold down to set limits)
 <F7>     Double Inverse Plot (Hold down to set limits)
 <F2>     Scatchard Plot
 <F4>     Screen dump to printer
 <F6>     Reanalyze same data set
 <F8>     Reset to opening screen
 <SPACE>  Display current best-fit line (hold down during analysis)
 <RETURN> Send linefeed to printer

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:  Copyright 1985 by Richard A. Weisiger.  All rights  reserved.
Permission is granted  to  duplicate  this  program  for  personal  use  and  to
distribute it through electronic data bases provided both the  program  and  the
opening screen are not altered.  This program may not be  sold.   Please  notify
the author of any errors (Compuserve user # 75015,260  or  write  University  of
California, San Francisco, CA 94143).


 #: 15074      Sec. 3 - VIC Utility Prgs
Sb: VICTERM I
    19-Mar-84  20:12:26
Fm: Merlin DePeel   70676,515
To: Bob Bertolino 73276,653

I tried to send the program EMAIL, but
you dont have it yet. Here is the
program:       10 poke 8192,00
        20 poke 44,32
        30 clr
        40 poke 648,30
        50 poke 36866,150
        60 poke 36869,240
        70 print '[clear/home]'
        80 new run this as a
stand+alone program. it can also be
used for games that do pokes into
screen memory. Just remove the lines
changing the top of memory (pokes to 52
and 56).

Function: From: voyager@eskimo.com (Nick Rossi)
Subject: Novaterm 9.6 release
X-Nntp-Posting-Host: eskimo.com
Message-ID: <Du2vvG.IrD@eskimo.com>
Sender: news@eskimo.com (News User Id)
Organization: Eskimo North (206) For-Ever
Date: Fri, 5 Jul 1996 16:16:27 GMT
Lines: 72

                              NOVATERM 9.6
                              ------------
                 Bring the telecommunications revolution
                          to your Commodore 64.

After many delays and headaches, I'm excited to finally announce the release
of Novaterm 9.6!

Novaterm 9.6 is available ON DISK, in either 1541 or 1581 format.  It comes
with a 90-page user's manual.  The price for the disk and manual is US$29.95.

ORDERING INFORMATION

Send check or money order for US$29.95 to:

Nick Rossi
10002 Aurora Ave. N. #3353
Seattle, WA 98133  U.S.A.

INTERNET CONTACTS

Check out the Novaterm 9.6 web site for more information:
http://www.eskimo.com/~voyager/novaterm.html

My e-mail address is voyager@eskimo.com.

NOVATERM 9.6 FEATURES

Novaterm 9.6 supports the following new features:

* Zmodem upload, download, auto-download, and crash recovery.  Also supports
  streaming mode with the buffer.
* Ymodem-g and Xmodem-1k-g streaming protocols with the buffer.
* Use any RAM expansion device as the buffer: REU, BBGRam, GEORam, RAMLink
  or RAMDrive partition, C128 VDC memory.
* "Buffer recovery" feature retains contents of the buffer between Novaterm
  sessions as long as the memory device does not lose power or get
  overwritten.
* Text editor can read and write files directly from the buffer.
* Supports the SwiftLink, CommPort, HART cartridge, and Daniel Dallmann's
  9600 bps user port enhancement
  (see http://rpool1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de/~etk10217/proj.html).
* Supports the C128's fast-mode 80-column screen in terminal mode
  (25, 28, 43, and 50 line modes available).
* C64 80-column emulation features "scroll-ahead" for better scrolling
  performance.  Optionally supports a fast scroll if you have an REU.
* Built-in ASCII translation and UUencode/decode options.
* Built-in 80-column file viewer.
* Reads real-time clock devices (BBRTC, CMD drives) for terminal mode clock
  display.
* Single-menu loading of terminal emulations (finally!)
* A step-by-step user-friendly configuration utility.

Novaterm 9.6 still supports the basic feature set:

* Terminal emulations: ANSI graphics, VT100/102, VT52, Standard, and
  Commodore graphics in 40 or 80 column mode.
* Protocols: Zmodem, Ymodem batch, Ymodem-g, Xmodem-1k, Xmodem-1k-g,
  Xmodem-CRC, WXmodem, Kermit, Punter, Multi-Punter.
* Hardware flow control for high-speed modems
* Script language for automatic operation
* Multiple 19-entry phone books
* 16 user-definable macro keys
* Miniature BBS module / answering service
* Text editor utility with integrated script compiler
* ASCII table editor and Font editor utility

I could keep going, but you get the idea!  Novaterm 9.6 supports all of the
standard features from previous versions, but its capabilities have been
greatly expanded.

Thanks for all the support and suggestions -- the new version finally made it!


X-within-URL:http://www.eskimo.com/~voyager/novanews.html

   NOVATERM 9.6
   
                         --- LATE BREAKING NEWS ---
                                       
7/4/96 - NOVATERM 9.6 HAS BEEN RELEASED!

   
   
    You heard right! Novaterm 9.6 is officially available. You thought it
   would never happen... I thought so myself at times. It's here, and
   it's ready to ship out. Find out how to get it. The official press
   release...
   
   Seattle, WA (July 4, 1996) - Nick Rossi announced the long-awaited
   official release of Novaterm 9.6 today. With a broad range of new and
   powerful features, Novaterm 9.6 promises to remain the communications
   software of choice among Commodore users. Novaterm 9.6 offers
   significant new features that Commodore users can no longer do
   without, whether they are surfing the Internet, using on-line networks
   like GEnie and Delphi, or dialing BBS systems.
   
   For file transfers, the Zmodem protocol has been expanded to support
   uploading, downloading, and recovery of aborted downloads (often
   called "crash recovery" or "resume"). In addition, two new protocols
   have been added: Ymodem-g and Xmodem-1k-g. These are streaming
   protocols, which download data non-stop into the buffer. Zmodem upload
   and crash recovery, Ymodem-g, and Xmodem-1k-g have not been available
   on a Commodore computer until now.
   
   The functionality of the buffer has been greatly expanded. Novaterm's
   buffer now uses any memory expansion device as buffer space. Novaterm
   9.6 includes drivers to support the REU, BBGRam, GEORam, C128 VDC
   memory, and DACC partitions in a RAMLink or RAMDrive. Using one of
   these devices provides a huge amount of memory for capturing text or
   downloading files. What's more, the contents of the buffer remain
   intact even if a user leaves Novaterm to use a different application.
   In fact, as long as the memory device is not overwritten or lose
   power, the buffer files are there when a user loads Novaterm again.
   That means a RAMLink or other powered devices will retain the buffer
   contents even if the computer is shut off. Users will no longer lose
   buffer files that they forgot to save to disk.
   
   Novaterm 9.6 allows Commodore 128 users to take advantage of the
   C128's 80-column screen. Novaterm is able to use the 80-column screen
   for terminal mode, and all of the terminal emulations may be used in
   conjunction with it: ANSI, VT100/102, VT52, and Standard. Novaterm can
   display either 25, 28, 43, or 50 lines on the 80-column screen. In
   this mode, Novaterm switches the C128 processor to 2 MHz, providing
   the fastest possible display. The speed of the 80-column emulation has
   been improved, and a special driver has been included for REU users
   that uses the REU to implement a fast scroll. The performance of
   Novaterm 9.6 in 80 columns is far superior to previous versions.
   
   Novaterm still supports the SwiftLink, of course, but other serial
   devices may also be used with Novaterm now. Performance Peripherals'
   CommPort device is supported, as well as the HART cartridge. In
   addition, Daniel Dallmann, a Commodore enthusiast from Germany, has
   devised a way to attain 9600 bps through the Commodore's user port. He
   wrote a driver for Novaterm 9.6, allowing it to reach 9600 bps without
   a cartridge.
   
   Novaterm 9.6 provides many other conveniences. It has an 80-column
   file viewer. It has ASCII translation and UUencode/decode options. It
   can read the time from real-time clock devices. It supports a complete
   scripting language for automated sessions. It comes with a text editor
   and a miniature BBS module. Especially useful to novice users is a
   user-friendly configuration utility that leads a person through the
   setup step by step.
   
   Novaterm is no longer shareware; it is now commercial software.
   Novaterm 9.6 sells for US$29.95. It comes on either a 1541 or 1581
   disk, and it is shipped with a printed user's guide.
   
   When a Commodore user group registers with a one-time US$30.00
   registration, its members become eligible to receive a 50% discount on
   purchases of Novaterm 9.6.
   
   For serious modem users, there is simply nothing better than Novaterm
   9.6!
   
   E-mail: voyager@eskimo.com
   WWW: http://www.eskimo.com/~voyager/novaterm.html
   
   
     
   
6/5/96 - NOVATERM 9.6 TO BE RELEASED ON DISK
(Cartridge project is offically dead)

   
   
    After months of struggling to get the Novaterm cartridge produced, I
   have decided to change course and release the software on disk
   instead. The disk version is ready, and will be available for purchase
   from me. I must apologize for all the delays and false hopes. Now that
   the complications inherent in hardware production are no longer an
   issue, distribution of Novaterm should move forward smoothly. Users
   will finally be able to enjoy all the features that have been
   anticipated over the last several months.
   
   Novaterm 9.6 has all the features people have been talking about,
   including expanded buffer capabilities, a complete Zmodem and other
   new transfer protocols, file conversion utilities, and much more.
   Please see the feature list for a complete description of the new
   software. I've been anxious to get this version released. It does
   things no other Commodore communications software has ever done!
     
   
   [BACK]

X-within-URL:http://www.eskimo.com/~voyager/itsgot.html



   NOVATERM 9.6
   
   Novaterm has more features than Congress has crooks!
   The green bullet o indicates a feature that is new in version 9.6.
   This is by no means an exhaustive list!
   
   Serial ports
   File transfers
   Terminal emulations
   Buffer features
   80-column modes
   File conversions
   Other features
   
   Speedy serial ports...
   
     . Supports the SwiftLink cartridge up to 38,400 bps
     o Supports the CommPort cartridge up to 38,400 bps
     o Supports the HART cartridge up to 57,600 bps
     o Supports the user port at 9600 bps with RS232 interface
     modification
     . Supports 2400 bps through the unaided user port
     
   
   
   Emulating terminals...
   
     . ANSI color/graphics in 80 columns
     . VT102 in 80 columns
     . VT52 in 80 columns
     . Commodore color/graphics in 40 columns
     . ANSI color in 40 columns
     o Load all emulation modules from one menu now!
     
   
   
   80-column display modes...
   
     . Soft-80 emulation on C64 (speed has been improved!)
     o Enhanced soft-80 scrolling available with a REU
     o 25- or 28-line C128 VDC 80-column mode (in "fast" mode)
     
   
   
   Grabbing files...
   
     o Zmodem upload and download
     o Zmodem resume (crash recovery)
     o Zmodem streaming (to buffer)
     o Ymodem-g and Xmodem-1k-g (to buffer)
     . Ymodem batch, Xmodem-1k, and Xmodem-CRC
     . Punter and Punter Multi-transfer
     . Kermit
     . WXmodem download
     
   
   
   Capturing text on-line...
   
     o Use any memory device for the buffer:
     
     o REU
     
     o BBGRAM
     
     o GEORAM
     
     o RAMLink partition
     
     o RAMDrive partition
     
     o C128 VDC memory
     
     . internal C64 memory
     . Capture text while on-line directly into any device
     . High-speed file transfers directly into memory
     o Buffer retains contents in powered or battery-backed devices
     
     (even with computer shut off)
     
   
   
   Converting files...
   
     . Convert ASCII text file to PETSCII
     . Convert PETSCII text file to ASCII
     . Convert PETSCII text file to Unix text file
     o UUencode files
     o UUdecode files
     o Convert files either on disk or in the buffer
     
   
   
   And other great features...
   
     o First-time configuration program for novice users
     . Script language for automatic operations
     . Full-featured Text editor with integrated script compiler
     o Text editor can load/save files from the buffer
     . Simple BBS mode - dial-in downloading
     o Reads and displays time from real-time clock devices:
     
     o BBRTC
     
     o CMD devices with RTC option
     o An all-new user's manual
     
   
     
   
   Quit reading this and go get the software!
   
   [BACK]

This is a brief text file describing how to transfer files, including
programs, between an Amiga and a C64/128. This technique is useful mainly
to download files using the higher baud rates available on the Amiga for
offline transfer to the C64/128. It could also be used to transfer text,
database and spreadsheet data although the data would probably require some
processing before the Amiga could use it. Equipement needed:
  1.  Modem cable for the C64/128. This is the type used for Hayes compatable
modems.
  2.  Null modem rs232 connector.
  3.  Gender bender rs232 connector.
.The last two items are available at most computer stores for less than $5
each. The gender bender is required because the Amiga rs232 port is a
different sexual orientation than the IBM. It is also helpful to have
separate monitors for each computer although this is not absolutely
necessary. How to:
  1. Do not attempt to connect the computers yet.
  2.  Load a terminal program into each computer and set both for 1200 baud,
xmodem checksum protocal.  If you have a C128 and Commodore's vt100.128 program
you can use 2400 baud.
  3.  Now you can hook up the cabl	. Connect the
C64/128 modem cable thru the null and gender bender connectors to your
Amiga's rs232 port. Do not attempt to connect it before loading the
terminal programs or the signals sent by the Amiga will interfer with the
C64/128 loading.
  4.  At this point anything typed on the Amiga should appear
on the C64/128 screen and vice versa. If that is not the case then check
for loose connections, wrong baud rate, etc.
  5.  You are now ready to transfer. Set up the C64/128 for download and the
Amiga for	pload. The transfer should take place much as it would if you
were using Compuserve. This might also work with an IBM or Atari ST but I
have not had a chance to try it yet.
       
       Kenneth E. Kahl
       73027,454
The program, nuterm.bin, is a bare bones terminal program, written in BASIC,
to illustrate the technique of saving an ASCII text file to diskette without
sending holdoffs to the host (CONTROL S, e.g.).  Because no error checking
protocol is used, the method is not
recommended for program files.  But it
produces minimum online time.  If contiguous characters are received, they re
displayed and saved to a sequential file in essentially real time.  No buffer,
other than the 255 byte, RS-232 receiver buffer, is used.  Thus, since the
program ma be easily modified, the addition of a capture buffer will permit
both saving to diskette and buffer capturing for later printing.  It has been
tested with a C-64C, a 1670 modem, and a 1541-II drive at 300 and 1200 baud.
When LOADed and RUN, it transfers 515 bytes of ML to the region from $C000 to
$C202.  The BASIC program itself occupies $0801 to $0D6C.  Any line number
greater than 20 and less than 2020 may be deleted, edited, or added.  If the
program is reSAVEd, be sure to make line 10 end in GOTO 2020 rather than GOTO
0020.  Since the program was designed for use with CIS, F2$, F4$, and 6$ are
string variables which should be redefined as 'phone number, user ID, and
password (unless your password happens to be number/modem).  After answering
prompts for FILENAME of file to be SAVEd and baudrate, pres F1 to enter
terminal mode.  You are then in an ML loop.  You would usually press F2 to dial
he CIS 'phone number, press the STOP key for a control C when connection is
made, and follow with F4 for user ID and F6 for password.  Press F3 to return
to menu mode.  If a text file is to be SAVEd to diskette, request to REAd the
file.  After entering the CIS FILENAME,
don't press return.  Press F5 instead.
You should see the text on the screen and be SAVing to diskette.  The sporadic
breaks in printing to the screen, during drive read/write head activity, do not
represent hold offs sent to the host.  As soon as the drive sets the program
free, the characters that had built up in the receiver buffer are rapidly read
out.  At the end of the file, first press F7, then RETURN.  ONLY THE F7 KEY IS
OPERATIVE DURING A SAVE.  PETASCII/ASCII and ASCII/PETASCII conversion is used.
Again, this is just a demonstration of a technique whih may not be in common
use.  The program hardly quallifies as a finished product.  It was designed for
ease of modification.  All suggestions,
criticisms and comments are welcome.
 
                   John Iannetta
 
                   73510,2152
10 ALLIANCE NY/DIRECT ACCESS  718-835-7515 ONLINE   - 24HOURS  NY
20 DIRECT ACCESS III             ONLINE             - 24HOURS  NY
30 IMPULSE BBS                718-259-3491 ONLINE   - 24HOURS  NY
40 THE GATE BBS               718-384-7296 ONLINE   - 24HOURS  NY
50 GARY'S BBS                 315-598-8106 ONLINE   - 24 HOURS NY
60 NETRO-DETROIT BBS          313-893-7773 ONLINE    - 24HOURS MI
70 SMUGGLER'S INN             219-486-4610 ONLINE    - 24HOURS IN
80 ENTERPRISE II              718-456-0893 05:00 PM  - 09:00AM NY
90 ENIAC                      718-326-9675 ONLINE   - 24 HOURS NY
100 VISION HEADQUARTERS        718-631-9065 ONLINE  - 24 HOURS NY
110 BEYOND OUTER LIMITS BBS    718-723-1669 ONLINE  - 24 HOURS NY
120 CIRCULAR SQUARE BBS        718-428-9794 ONLINE  - 24 HOURS NY
130 B.Q.EXCHANGE               718-776-8299 07:00 PM- 12:00 AM NY
140 PLAYBOY KILLER'S BBS       718-259-0532 07:00 PM- 12:00 AM NY
150 SWEET DREAMS               718-849-2319 ONLINE  - 24 HOURS NY
160 THE TEMPLE                 718-373-5256 ONLINE  - 24 HOURS NY
170 PIPERS PIT                 718-331-5716 ONLINE  - 24 HOURS NY
180 EAGLESOFT NY            516-794-1473 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
190 SPECTRA SYSTEM          718-241-2304 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
200 LAST RESORT             718-633-0224 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
210 DIRECT ACCESS 2         718-835-8065 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
220 PCREATION               718-997-1189 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
230 RESISTANCE BBS          212-777-0621 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
240 FANTASTIC VOYAGE        718-417-3010 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
250 THE SYNDICATE           718-642-4726 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
260 MAGIK APPLE             212-671-9399 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
270 THE GRAPEVINE           915-263-0858 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS TX
280 PENTHOUSE CRACKING      212-285-2745 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
290 THORR'S DEN             212-663-6390 11:00 PM  - 06:OO AM NY
300 HI-TECH B.B.S. I        212-285-2745 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
310 NIGHT VISION            916-332-3422 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS CA
320 ELITE STOMPERS BBS      718-946-5016 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
330 DREADSTAR'S BBS         212-824-7424 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
340 BIGTIME                 212-989-3278 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
350 TOWER OF HIGH SORCERY   718-979-4614 ONLINE-     24 HOURS NY
360 PENT HOUSE BBS          718-896-3318 ONLINE-     24 HOURS NY
370 COMMODORE  CITY         718-774-5563      11:40 PM-7:00 AM NY
380 HUNDER ALLEY            214-636-2209 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS TX
390 THE WAREHOUSE EXPERIENCE     313-569-3893 ONLINE- 24 HOURS MC
400 PARTY PATROL            404-242-6316 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS GA
410 KRACKERDOME BBS         718-763-1291 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
420 EROTICA BBS             718-259-3491 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
430 SWEET DREAMS            718-849-2319 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
440 BLACK HAWK BBS          914-856-3399 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
450 TIME WARP               718-545-7166 10:00 PM  - 10:00 AM NY
460 PROTOCOL BBS            718-631-4927 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
470 EROTICA                 718-259-3491 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
480 USS..ENTERPRIZE (I)     718-849-4794 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
490 TIME TUNNEL             718-849-3422 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
500 THE TARDIS              212-991-7820 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
510 SOFTWARE DIMENSIONS EAST 201-251-7331 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NJ
520 5150 XPB                404-922-6798 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS GA
530 HYDRO BASE              718-493-6241 12:00 AM  - 07:00  A NY
540 DROWNDING GOLDFISH 276-6 718-276-6364 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
550 WARES WORLD 1           718-767-0251 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
560 SOHO BBS                516-589-5480 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
570 PRANK-A-PRICK           718-229-6885 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
580 ADULT NETWORK           212-798-1307 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
590 DREAD STAR              212-283-3596 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS BX
600 MARBLE HILL             212-562-5300 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS BX
610 MILLIWAYS               718-946-5016 ONLINE  ? - 24 HOURS BK
620 TARDIS                  212-991-7820 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS BX
630 THE AFTERMATH           301-346-7213 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS MD
640 SHAKE THE DISEASE       718-642-1207 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
650 THE PHANTOM GUILD       718-459-2023 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
660 TOP CONNECTION          818-799-7923 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS ??
670 PE HEADQUARTERS         301-346-7213 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS ??
680 THE WITCH TRIALS        404-587-5274 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS ??
690 WARES GALORE            206-946-0245 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS ??
700 CONCENTRATION CAMP      409-856-6265 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS ??
710 THE HACK SHACK          615-352-6207 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS??
720 THE CELLAR              214-867-7522 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS ??
730 DEN OF ILLUSIONS        713-479-3054 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS ??
740 INFINITY'S DOMAIN       718-946-8171 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
750 THE OTHER BBS           718-331-7961 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
760 KAOS                    718-276-5218 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
770 THE SANITARIUM          718-983-1707 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
780 MENTAL WARD             718-835-3252 05:00 PM  - 11:00 PM NY
790 NIGHT FLIGHT (AMIGA)    718-633-2774 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
800 CZONE'S HIDE OUT        718-493-3334 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS NY
810 ELECTRIC DREAMS         916-395-4770 ONLINE    - 24 HOURS CA
 
 
 
                    Direct Access ][
                    24 Hours / 7 Days
                    300 / 1200 Baud
                    (718)835-8065
Subscribe to CONNECT Now and Save!

For a limited time, Pegasus Press is offering dramatically discounted
subscription rates on its new magazine, CONNECT. Covering the major
commercial online services, Internet/Usenet and bulletin board system
networks, CONNECT focuses on telecommunications from a user's perspective.
The first bi-monthly issue of CONNECT will be available in March, 1993.

Issue after issue, CONNECT shows you how to get the most from the
commercial online services you're using -- CompuServe, Delphi, America
Online, Prodigy, GEnie and BIX. With columnists on staff to cover these
services in depth, you'll find CONNECT a valuable resource.

CONNECT also shows you what "free" networks like Internet have to offer.
Every issue of CONNECT contains Internet coverage that helps you find your
way around the biggest network in the world.

But CONNECT doesn't stop there. BBS callers also receive a wealth of
information from each issue. All varieties of computer platforms are
covered in the pages of CONNECT, as are the many different types of
bulletin board software and services found on these computers. Articles
spotlighting BBSes in specific cities or similar categories (such as
medical BBSes or handicapped-related systems) appear regularly.

Finally, each issue contains platform-specific columns highlighting
programs available online for IBM and Macintosh users. Of course, you'll
also find hardware and software reviews in CONNECT. From high speed modems
and LAN-based BBS systems to shareware terminal programs, we cover it
all.

Until February 28th, 1993, you have the opportunity to get a year's
subscription to CONNECT for only $12. That's a 53 percent savings off the
cover price! On March 1st, 1993, the normal subscription price of $18 per
year goes into effect. This offer is available only to US addresses.

Don't delay. Send in your subscription form, or call (313) 973-8825 with
your VISA or MasterCard ready, and get CONNECTed today!

Also, please fill out the questionnaire and return it with your
subscription form. Your answers will help us better cover the topics in
which you are most interested.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    CONNECT Discount Subscription Form
                    ----------------------------------

[  ]  Yes, sign me up for a year of CONNECT (6 issues) at $12. Send my
      issues to the US address listed below.

[  ]  I don't have a US address, but sign me up for CONNECT at
      rate below:

          [  ]  $30  Canada/Mexico (surface)
          [  ]  $36  Foreign (surface)


      Name: _____________________________________________

      Address: __________________________________________

      City/State: _______________________________________

      ZIP: ________ - _____  Country: ___________________

      Phone: (______) ________ - ____________


Where can we reach you online? __________________________

      ___________________________________________________


[  ]  Please charge my credit card

      [  ] VISA      [  ] MasterCard

      Card #: ______________________________________

      Expiration Date: _____________________________

      Signature: ___________________________________

Make checks or money orders payable to Pegasus Press. To take advantage of
the special discount rate, subscriptions must be to US addresses and
postmarked on or before February 28, 1993.

Return this form to:   Pegasus Press
                       CONNECT Discount Offer
                       3487 Braeburn Circle
                       Ann Arbor, MI 48108


_________________________________________________________________________
                    CONNECT Subscriber Questionnaire

 1)  Are you male or female?    ___ Male  ___ Female

 2)  What is your age?          ______ years

 3)  What is your income?

     ___ $0-$19,999        ___ $20,000-$29,999   ___ $30,000-$39,999
     ___ $40,000-$49,999   ___ $50,000 or more

 4)  What telecommunication services do you use (mark all that apply)?

     ___ GEnie           ___ CompuServe      ___ America Online
     ___ Prodigy         ___ Delphi          ___ BIX
     ___ PC Pursuit      ___ Internet        ___ Bulletin Boards
     ___ Other

 5)  Do you use your computer for ___ Business or ___ Personal use?

 6)  How many people use your computer?  ______ person(s)

 7)  What system(s) do you own?

     ___ IBM or compatible    ___ Macintosh
     ___ UNIX-based system    ___ Amiga
     ___ Atari ST             ___ Apple II/e/gs
     ___ Commodore 64/128     ___ Atari XL/XE
     ___ Other

 8)  How long have you owned a computer?    ______ years

 9)  What level of computer user would you say you are?

     ___ Beginner        ___ Intermediate         ___ Advanced

10)  I own:    Will buy:

      ____       ____      A 300-2400 bps modem
      ____       ____      A high speed modem (9600 bps or higher)
      ____       ____      A FAXmodem
      ____       ____      A hard drive
      ____       ____      A removable hard drive
      ____       ____      A tape backup
      ____       ____      A CD-ROM Drive
      ____       ____      A memory upgrade
      ____       ____      Another computer

11)  If you run a BBS, please fill out the following:

     BBS Name: _____________________ Number(s): _______________________

     BBS Software Being Used: _________________________________________

     Network address(es) if any: ______________________________________


12)  Comments: ________________________________________________________

     __________________________________________________________________

     __________________________________________________________________

;	Commodore plus/4 and
;	Commodore 16 Memory Map
;
;	V1.1	9 Dec 1994
;

Label Hex Addr.   Decimal Loc.	Description

PDIR	$0000		0	7501 on-chip data-direction register
PORT	$0001		1	7501 on-chip 8-bit Input/Output register
SRCHTK	$0002		2	Token 'search' looks for (run-time stack)
ZPVEC1	$0003-0004	3-4	Temp (renumber)
ZPVEC2	$0005-0006	5-6	Temp (renumber)
CHARAC	$0007		7	Search character
ENDCHR	$0008		8	Flag: scan for quote at end of string
TRMPOS	$0009		9	Screen column from last TAB
VERCK	$000A		10	Flag: 0 = load 1 - verify
COUNT	$000B		11	Input buffer pointer / No. of subsctipts
DIMFLG	$000C		12	Flag: Default Array DIMension
VALTYP	$000D		13	Data type: $FF = string	$00 = numeric
INTFLG	$000E		14	Data type: $80 = integer, $00 = floating
DORES	$000F		15	Flag: DATA scan/LIST quote/garbage coll
SUBFLG	$0010		16	Flag: subscript ref / user function coll
INPFLG	$0011		17	Flag: $00 = INPUT, $43 = GET, $98 = READ
TANSGN	$0012		18	Flag TAN siqn / comparison result
CHANNL	$0013		19	Flag: INPUT prompt
LINNUM	$0014-0015	20-21	Temp: integer value
TEMPPT	$0016		22	Pointer: temporary string stack
LASTPT	$0317-0018	23-24	Last temp string address
TEMPST	$0019-0021	25-33	Stack for temporary strings
INDEX1	$0022-0023	34-35	Utility pointer area
INDEX2	$0024-0025	36-37	Utility pointer area
RESHO	$0026		38
RESMOH	$0027		39
RESMO	$0028		40
RESLO	$0029		41
	$002A		42
TXTTAB	$002B-002C	43-44	Pointer: start of BASIC text
VARTAB	$002D-002E	45-46	Pointer: start of BASIC variables
ARYTAB	$002E-0030	47-48	Pointer: start of BASIC arrays
STREND	$0031-0032	49-50	Pointer: end of BASIC arrays (+1)
FRFTOP	$0033-0034	51-52	Pointer: bottom of string storage
FRESPC	$0035-0036	53-54	Utility string pointer
MEMSIZ	$0037-0038	55-56	Pointer: highest address used by BASIC
CURLIN	$0039-003A	57-58	Current BASIC line number
TXTPTR	$003B-003C	59-60
FNDPNT	$003D-003F	61-62
DATLIN	$003F-0040	63-64	Current DATA line number
DATPTR	$0041-0042	65-66	Pointer: Current DATA item address
INPPTR	$0043-0044	67-68	Vector: INPUT routine
VARNAM	$0045-0046	69-70	Current BASIC variable name
VARPNT	$0047-0048	71-72	Pointer: Current BASIC variable data
FORPNT	$0049-004A	73-74	Pointer: Index variable for FOR/NEXT
OPPTR 	$0048-004C	75-76
OPMASK	$004D		77
DEFPNT	$004E-004F	78-79
DSCPNT	$0050-0051	80-81
	$0052		82
HELPER	$0053		83
JMPER	$0054		84
SIZE	$0055		85
OLDOV	$0056		86
TEMPF1	$0057		87
HIGHDS 	$0058-0059	88-89
HIGHTR 	$005A-005B	90-91
	$005C		92
LOWDS	$005D-005E	93-94
LoWTR	$005F		95
EXPSGN	$0060		96
FACEXP	$0061		97	Floating-point accumulator #1: exponent
FACHO	$0062		98	Floating accum. #1: mantissa
FACMOH	$0063		99
FACMO	$0064		100
FACLo	$0065		101
FACSGN 	$0066		102	Floating accum. #1: sign
SGNFLG 	$0067		103	Pointer: series evaluation constant
BITS	$0068		104	Floating accum. #1: overflow digit
ARGEXP 	$0069		105	Floating-point accumulator #2: exponent
ARGHO	$006A		106	Floating accum. #2: mantissa
ARGMOH	$006B		107
ARGMO	$006C		108
ARGLO	$006D		109
ARGSGN 	$006E		110	Floating accum. #2: sign
ARISGN 	$006F		111	Sign comparison result: accum. #1 vs #2
FACOV	$0070		112	Floating accum. #1. low-order (rounding)
FBUFPT 	$0071-0072	113	Pointer: cassette buffer
AUTINC 	$0073-0074	115-116	Increment value for auto (0 = off)
MVDFLG 	$0075		117	Flag if 10K hires allocated
KEYNUM 	$0076		118
KEYSIZ 	$0077		119
SYNTMP 	$0078		120	Used as temp Eor indirect loads
DSDESC 	$0079-0078	121-123	Descriptor for DSS
TOS	$007C-037D	124-125	Top of run time stack
TMPTON 	$007E-007F	126-127	Temps used by music (tone & volume)
VOICNO 	$0080		128
RUNMOD 	$0081		129
POINT	$0082		130
GRAPHM 	$0083		131	Current graphic mode
COLSEL	$0084		132	Current color selected
MC1	$0085		133	Multicolor 1
FG	$0086		134	Foreground color
SCXMAX	$0087		135	Maximum # of columns
SCYMAX 	$0088		136	Maximum # of rows
LTFLAG 	$0089		137	Paint-left flag
RTFLAG	$008A		138	Paint-Right flag
STOPNH	$008B		139	Stop paint if not BG (Not same Color)
GRAPNT	$008C-008D	140-141
VTEMP1	$008E		142
VTEMP2 	$008F		143

STATUS 	$0090		144	Kernal I/O status word: ST
STREY	$0091		145	Flag: STOP key / RVS key
SPVERR	$0092		146	Temp
VERFCK 	$0093		147	Flag:  0 = load,  1 = verify
C3PO	$0094		148	Plag: serial bus - output char buffered
BSOUR	$0095		149	Buffered character for serial bus
XSAV	$0096		150	Temp for basin
LDTND	$0097		151	# of open files / index to file table
DFLTN	$0098		152	Default input device (0)
DFLTO	$0099		153	Default output (CMD) device (3)
MSGFLG 	$009A		154	Flag:	$80 = direct mode  $00 = program
SAL	$009B		155	Tape pass 1 error log
SAH	$009C		156	Tape pass 2 error log
EAL	$009D		157
EAH	$009E		158
T1	$009F-00A0	159-160	Temp data area
T2	$00A1-00A2	161-162	Temp data area
TIME	$00A3-00A5	163-165	Real-time jiffy clock (approx) 1/60 sec
R2D2	$00A6		166	Serial bus usage (EOI on output)
TPBYTE	$00A7		167	Byte to be written/read on/off tape
BSOUR1	$00A8		168	Temp used by serial routine

FPVERR	$00A9		169
DCOUNT	$00AA		170
FNLEN	$00A8		171	Length of current file name
LA	$00AC		172	Current logical fiie number
SA	$00AD		173	Current seconda.y address
FA	$00AE		174	Current device number
FNADR	$00AF-00B0	175-176	Pointer: current file name
ERRSUM	$00B1		177
STAL 	$00B2		178	 I/O start address
STAH 	$00B3		179
MEMUSS	$00B4-00B5	180-181	Load ram base
TAPEBS	$00B6-00B7	182-183	Base pointer to cassette base
TMP2 	$00B8-00B9	184-185
WRBASE	$00BA-00BB	186-187	Pointer to data for tape writes
IMPARM	$00BC-00BD	188-189	Pointer to immediate string for primms
FETPTR	$00BE-00BF	190-191	Pointer to byte to be fetched in bank fetc
SEDSAL	$00C0-00C1	192-193	Temp for scrolling
RVS	$00C2		194	RVS field flag on
INDX 	$00C3		195
LSXP 	$00C4		196	X position at start
LSTP 	$00C5		197
SFDX 	$00C6		198	Flag: shift mode for print
CRSW 	$00C7		199	Flag: INPUT or GET from keyboard
PNT	$00C8-00C9	200-201	Pointer: current screen line address
PNTR 	$00CA		202	Cursor column on current line
QTSW 	$00CB		203	Flag: editor in quote mode, $00 = no
SEDT1	$00CC		204	Editor temp use
TBLX	$00CD		205	Current cursor physical line number
DATAX	$00CE		206	Temp data area
INSRT	$00CF		207	Flag: insert mode, >0 = # INSTs
	$00D0-$00D7	208-215	Area for use by speech software
	$00D8-00E8	216-232	Area for use by application software
CIRSEG	$00E9		233	Screen line link table / editor temps
USER	$00EA-00EB	234-235	Screen editor color IP
KEYTAB	$00EC-00ED	236-237	Key scan table indirect
TMPKEY	$00EE		238
NDX	$00EF		239	Index to keyboard queue
STPFLG	$00F0		240	Pause flag
TO	$00F1-00F2	241-242	Monitor ZP storage
CHRPTR	$00F3		243
BUFEND	$00F4		244
CHKSUM	$00F5		245	Temp for checksum calculation
LENGTH	$00F6		246
PASS	$00F7		247	Which pass we are doing str
TYPE	$00F8		248	Type of block
USE4DY	$00F9		249	(B.7 = 1)=> for wr, (B.6 = 1)=> for rd
XSTOP	$00FA		250	Save xreg for quick stopkey test
CURBNK	$00FB		251	Current bank configuration
XoN	$00FC		252	Char to send for a x-on (RS232)
XoFF	$00FD		253	Char to send for a x-off (RS232)
SEDT2	$00FE		254	Editor temporary use
LOFBUF	$00FF		255


FBUFFR	$0100-$010F	256-271
SAVEA	$0110		272	Temp Locations for
SAVEY	$0111		273	...  for Save and
SAVEX	$0112		274	...  Restore
COLKEY	$0113-0122	275-289	Color/luminance table in RAM
SYSSTK	$0124-01FF	291-511	System stack

BUF	$0200-0258	512-606	Basic/monitor input buffer
OLDLIN	$0259-025A	601-602	Basic storage
OLDTXT	$025B-025C	603-604	Basic storage

	$025D-02AC	605-684	BASIC/DOS INTERFACE AREA
XCNT 	$025D			DOS loop counter
PNBUFR	$025E-026D		Area for filename
DOSF1L	$026E			DOS filename 1 length

DOSDS1	$026F			DOS disk drive 1
DOSF1A	$0270-0271		DOS filename 1 addr
DOSF2L	$0272			DOS filename 2 length
DOSDS2	$0273			DOS disk drive 2
DOSF2A	$0274-0275		DOS filename 2 addr
DOSLA	$0276			DOS logical address
DOSEA	$0277			DOS phys addr
DOSSA	$0278			DOS secordary address
DOSDID	$0279-027A		DOS disk identifier
DIDCHK	$0278			DOS DID flag
DOSSTR	$027C			DOS output string buffer
DOSSPC	$027D-02AC		Area used to build DOS string


Graphics Variables

XPOS	$02AD-02AE	685-686	Current x position
YPOS	$02AE-02B0	687-688	Current y position
XDEST 	$02B1-02B2	689-690	X coordinate destination
YDEST 	$02B3-02B4	691-692	Y coordinate destination
XABS	$02B5-02B6	693-694
YABS	$02B7-0288	69S-696
XSGN	$02B9-02BA	697-69B
YSGN	$02BB-028C	699-700
FCT1	$02BD-02BE	701-702
FCT2	$02BF-02C0	703-704
ERRVAL	$02C1-02C2	705-706
LESSER	$02C3		707
GREATR	$02C4		708
ANGSGN	$02C5		709	Sign of angle
SINVAL	$02C6-02C7	710-711	Sine of value of angle
COSVAL	$02C8-02C9	712-713	Cosine of value of angle
ANGCNT	$02CA-02CB	714-715	Temps for angle distance routines


Start of multiply defined area #1

	$02CC		716	Placeholder
BNR	$02CD		717	Pointer to begin no.
ENR	$02CE		718	Pointer to end no.
DOLR	$02CF		719	Dollar flag
FLAG	$02DO		720	Comma flag
SWE	$02D1		721	Counter
USGN	$02D2		722	Sign exponent
UEXP	$02D3		723	Pointer to exponent
VN	$02D4		724	# of digits before decimal point
CHSN	$02D5		725	Justify flag
VF	$02D6		726	# of pos before decimal point (field)
NF	$02D7		727	# of pos after decimal point (field)
POSP	$02D8		728	+/- flag (field)
FESP	$02D9		729	Exponent flag (field)
ETOF	$02DA		730	Switch
CFORM	$02D8		731	Char counter (field)
SNO	$02DC		732	Sign no.
BLFD	$02DD		733	Blank/star flag
BEGFD	$02DE		734	Pointer to beginning of field
LFOR	$02DF		735	Length of format
ENDFD	$02E0		736	Pointer to end of field

XCENTR	$02CC-02CD	716-717
YCENTR	$02CE-02CF	718-719
XDIST1	$02D0-02D1	720-721
YDIST1	$02D2-02D3	722-723
XDIST2	$02D4-02D5	724-725
YDIST2	$02D6-02D7	726-727
	$02D8-02D0	728-729	Placeholder

COLCNT	$02DA		730	Characters column counter
ROWCNT	$02DB		731	Characters row counter
STRCNT	$02DC		732


Start of multiply defined area #2

XCORD1	$02CC-02CD	716-717
YCORD1	$02CE-02CF	718-719
BOXANG	$02D0-02D1	720-721	Rotation angle
XCOUNT	$02D2-02D3	722-723
YCOUNT	$02D4-02D5	724-725
BXLENG	$02D6-02D7	726-727	Length of a side
XCORD2	$02D8-02D9	728-729
YCORD2	$02DA-02DB	730-731

XCIRCL	$02CC-02CD	716-717	Circle center, x coordinate
YCIRCL  $02CE-02CF	718-719	Circle center, y coordinate
XRADUS	$02D0-02D1	720-721	X radius
YRADUS	$02D2-02D3	722-723	Y radius
ROTANG	$02D4-02D5	724-725	Rotation angle
ANGBEG	$02D8-02D9	728-729	Arc angle start
ANGEND	$02DA-02DB	730-731	Arc angle end
XRCOS	$02DC-02DD	732-733	X radius * cos (rotation angle)
YRSIN 	$02DE-02DF	734-735	Y radius * sin (rotation angle)
XRSIN 	$02E0-02E1	736-737	X radius * sin (rotation angle)
YRCOS	$02E2-02E3	738-739	Y radius * cos (rotation angle)


Start of multiply defined area #3

	$02CC		716	Placeholder
KEYLEN	$02CD		717
KEYNXT	$02CE		718
STRS2	$02CE		719	String length
GETTYP	$02D0		720	Replace string mode
STRPTR	$02D1		721	String position counter
OLDBYT	$02D2		722	Old bit map byte
NEWBYT	$02D3		723	New string or bit map byte
	$02D4		724	Placeholder
XSI2E	$02D5-02D6	725-726	Shape column length
YSIZE	$02D7-02D8	727-728	Shape row length
XSAVE	$02D9-02DA	729-730	Temp for column length
STRADR	$02D8-02DC	731-732	Save shape string descriptor
BITIDX	$02DD		733	Bit index into byte
SAYSIZ	$02DE-02E1	734-737 Temporary work locations

CHRPAG	$02E4		740	High byte addr of char ROM for char cmd
LITCNT	$02E5		741	Temp for gshape
SCALEM	$02E6		742	Scale mode flag
WIDTH	$02E7		743	Double width flag
FILFLG	$02E8		744	Box fill flag
BITMSK	$02E9		745	Temp for bit mask
NUMCNT	$02EA		746
TRCFLG	$02EB		747	Flags trace mode

T3	$02EC		748
T4	$02ED-02EE	749-750
VTEMP3	$02EF		751	Graphic temp storage
VTEMP4	$02F0		752
VTEMP5	$02F1		753

ADRAY1	$02E2-02F3	754-755	Ptr to routine: convert float to integer
ADRAY2	$02F4-02F5	756-757	Ptr to routine: convert integer to float

BNKVEC	$02FE-02FF	766-767 Vector for function cartridge users
IERROR	$0300-0301	768-769 Indirect Error (Output Error in .X)
IMAIN	$0302-0303	770-771 Indirect Main (System Direct Loop)
ICRNCH	$0304-0305	772-773 Indirect Crunch (Tokenization Routine)
IOPLOP	$0306-0307	774-775 Indirect List (Char List)
IGONE	$0308-0309	776-777 Indirect Gone (Character Dispatch)
IEVAL	$030A-0303	778-779 Indirect Eval (Symbol Evaluation)
IESCLK	$030C-030D	780-781 Escape token crunch
IESCPR	$030E-030F	782-783
IESCEX	$0310-0311	784-785
ITIME 	$0312-0313	786-787
CINV	$0314-0315	7B8-789	IRQ Ram Vector
CBINV	$0316-0317	790-791 BRK Instr RAM Vector
IOPEN 	$0318-0319	792-793	Indirects for Code
ICLOSE	$031A-031B	794-795
ICHKIN	$031C-031D	796-797
ICKOUT	$031E-031F	798-799
ICLRCH	$0320-0321	800-801
IBASIN	$0322-0323	802-803
IBSOUT	$0324-Q325	804-805
ISTOP 	$0326-0327	806-807
IGETIN	$0328-0329	808-809
ICLALL	$032A-032B	810-811
USRCMD	$032C-032D	812-813
ILOAD 	$032E-032E	814-815
ISAVE 	$0330-0331	816-817	Savesp

TAPBUF	$0333-03F2	819-1010	Cassette tape buffer
WRLEN	$03F3-03F4	1011-1012	Length of data to be written to tape
RDCNT 	$03F5-03F6	1013-1014	Length of data to be read from tape
INPQUE 	$03F7-0436	1015-1078	RS-232 input queue
ESTARL	$0437-0454	1079-1108
ESTAKH	$0455-0472	1109-1138

CHRGET	$0473-0478	1139-1144
CHRGOT	$04?9-0484	1145-1156
QNUM	$0485-0493	1157-1171

INDSUB	$0494-04A1	1172-1185	Shared ROM fetch sub
ZERO 	$04A2-04A4	1186-1188	Numeric constant for Basic

INDTXT	$04A5-04AF	1189-1199	Txtptr
INDIN1	$04B0-04BA	1200-1210	Index & Index1
INDIN2	$04BB-04C5	1211-1221	Index2
INDST1	$04C6-04D0	1222-1232	Strng1
INDLOW	$04D1-04DB	1233-1243	Lowtr
INDFMO	$04DC-04E6	1244-1254	Facmo

PUFILL	$04E7		1255		Print using fill symbol [space]
PUCOMA	$04E8		1256		Print using comma symbol [;]
PUDOT 	$04E9		1257		Print using D.P. symbol  [.]
PUMONY	$04EA		1258		Print using monetary symbol [$]

TMPDES	$04EB-04EE	1259-1262	Temp for instr
ERRNUM	$04EF		1263		Last error number
ERRLIN	$04F0-04F1	1264-1265	Line # of last error
TRAPNO	$04F2-04F3	1266-1267	Line to go on error
TMPTRP	$04F4		1268		Hold trap no. temporarily
ERRTXT	$04F5-04E6	1269-1270
OLDSTR	$04F7		1271

TMPTXT	$04F8-04F9	1272-1273
TMPLIN	$04FA-04F8	1274-1275

MTIMLO	$04FC-04FD	1276-1277	Table of pending jiffies (2's comp)
MTIMHI	$04FE-04FF	1278-1279
USRPOK	$0500-0502	1280-1282
KERNDX	$0503-0507	1283-1287
DEJAVU	$0508		1288		'cold' or 'warm' start status

LAT	$0509-0512	1289-1298	Logical file numbers
FAT	$0513-051C	1299-1308	Primary device numbers
SAT	$051D-0526	1309-1318	Secondary addresses

KEYD	$0527-0530	1319-1328	IRQ keyboard buffer
MEMSTR	$0531-0532	1329-1330	Start of memory [1000]

MSIZ	$0533-0534 	1331-1332	Top of memory [FD00]
TIMOUT	$0535		1333		IEEE timeout flag

FILEND	$0536		1334		File end reached = 1, 0 otherwise
CTALLY	$0537		1335		# of chars left in buffer (for R & W)
CBUFVA	$0538		1336		# of total valid chars in buffer (R)
TPTR	$0539		1337		Ptr to next char in buffer (for R & W)
FLTYPE	$053A		1338		Contains type of current cass file

COLOR	$053B		1339		Active attribute byte
FLASH	$053C		1340		Character flash flag
	$053D		1341		FREE
HIBASE	$053E		1342		OC Base location of screen (top) [0C]
XMAX 	$053F		1343
RPTFLG	$0540		1344		Key repeat flag
KOUUT	$0541		1345
DELAY	$0542		1346
SHFLAG	$0543		1347		Shift flag byte
LSTSHF	$0544		1348		Last shift pattern
KEYLOG	$0545-0546	1349-1350	Indirect for keyboard table setup
MODE 	$0547		1351		shift, C=
AUTODN	$0548		1352		Auto scroll down flag (0=on,0<>off)
LINTMP	$0549		1353
ROLFLG	$054A		1354

FORMAT	$054B		1355		Monitor non-zpage storage
MSAL 	$054C-054E	1356-1358
WRAP 	$054F		1359
TMPC 	$0550		1360
DIFF 	$0551		1361
PCH	$0552		1362
PCL	$0553		1363
FLGS 	$0554		1364
ACC	$0555		1365
XR	$0556		1366
YR	$0557		1367
SP	$0558		1368
INYL 	$0559		1369
INVH 	$055A		1370
CMPFLG	$055B		1371		Used by various monitor routines
BAD	$055C		1372

KYNDX	$055D		1373		Used for programmable keys
KEYIDX	$055E		1374
KEYBUF	$055F-0566	1375-1382	Table of P.F. lengths
PKY9UF	$0567-05E6	1383-1510	P.F. Key storage area

KDATA	$05E7		1511		Temp for data write to kennedy
RDYCMD	$05E8		1512		Select for kennedy read or write
KDYNUM	$05E9		1513		Kennedy's dev #
RDYPRS	$05EA		1514		Rennedy present = $ff, else = $00
KDYTYP	$05EB		1515		Temp for type of open for kennedy


SAVRAM	$05EC-06E8	1516-1771	1 page used by banking routines
PAT	$05EC-05EF	1516-1519	Physical Address Table
LNGJMP	$05F0-05F1	1520-1521	Long jump address
FETARG	$05F2		1522		Long jump accumulator
FETXRG	$05F3		1523		Long jump x register
FETSRG	$05F4		1524		Long jump status register

AREAS	$05F5-065D	1525-1629	RAM areas for banking

ASPECH	$065E-06EB	1630-1771	RAM area for speech

STKTOP	$06EC-07AF	1772-1967	BASIC run-time stack

WROUT	$07B0		1968		Byte to be written on tape
PARITY	$07B1		1969		Temp for parity calc

TT1	$07B2		1970		Temp for write-header
TT2	$07B3		1971		Temp for write-header
RDBITS	$07B5		1973		Local index for READBYTE routine
ERRSP	$07B6		1974		Pointer into the error stack
FPERRS	$07B7		1975		Number of first pass errors

DSAMP1	$07B8-07B9	1976-1977	Time constant
DSAMP2	$07BA-07BB	1978-1979	Time constant
ZCELL 	$07BC-07BD	1980-1981	Time constant

SRECOV	$07BE		1982		Stack marker for stopkey recover
DRECOV	$07BF		1983		Stack marker for dropkey recover
TRSAVE	$07C0-07C3	1984-1987	params passed to RDBLOK
RDETMP	$07C4		1988		Temp stat save for RDBLOK
LDRSCN	$07C5		1989		# consec shorts to find in leader
CDERRM	$07C6		1990		# Errors fatal in RD countdown
VSAVE 	$07C7		1991		Temp for Verify command
T1PIPE	$07C8-a7CB	1992-1995	Pipe temp for T1
ENEXT	$07CC		1996		Read error propagate


FOR RS-232

UOUTQ	$07CD		1997		User chracter to send
UOUTFG	$07CE		1998		0 = empty ; 1 = full
SOUT9	$07CF		1999		System character to send
SOUNFG	$07D0		2000		0 = empty ; 1 = full
INOFPT	$07D1		2001		Pntr to front of input queue
INQRPT	$07D2		2002		Pntr to rear of input queue
INQCNT	$07D3		2003		# of chars in input queue
ASTAT	$07D4		2004		Temp status for ACIA
AINTMP	$07D5		2005		Temp for input routine
ALSTOP	$07D6		2006		FLG for local pause
ARSTOP	$07D7		2007		FLG for remote pause
APRES 	$07D8		2008		FLG to indicate presence of ACIA

RLUDES	$07D9-07E4	2009-2020	Indirect routine downloaded
SCBOT	$07E5		2021		Screen bottom (0...24)
SCTOP	$07E6		2022		Screen top
SCLF	$07E7		2023		Screen left (0...39)
SCRT	$07E8		2024		Screen right
SCRDIS	$07E9		2025		Negative = scroll out
INSFLG	$07EA		2026		Insert mode: FF = on, 00 = off
LSTCHR	$07EB		2027
LOGSCR	$07EC		2028
TCOLOR	$07ED		2029
BITABL	$07EE-07F1	2030-2033

SAREG	$07F2		2034		Registers for SYS command
SXREG 	$07F3		2035
SYREG 	$07F4		2036
SPREG 	$07F5		2037

LSTX	$07F6		2038		Key scan index
STPDSB	$07F7		2039		Flag to disable CTRL-S pause
RAMROM	$07F8		2040		MSB for monitor fetches from ROM=0;RAM=1
COLSW 	$07F9		2041		MSB for color/lim table in RAM=0;ROM=1
FFRMSK	$07FA		2042		ROM mask for split screen
VMBMSK	$07FB		2043		VM base mask for split screen
LSEM	$07FC		2044		Motor lock semaphore for cassette
PALCNT	$07FD		2045		PAL tod


TEDATR	$0800-0BFF	2048-3071	TED attribute bytes
TEDSCN	$0C00-0FFF	3072-4095	TED character pointers
BASBGN	$1000-		4096-		Start of BASIC text area
BMLUM	$1800-1BFF	6144-7167	Luminance for bit map screen
BMCOLR	$1C00-1FFF	7168-8191	Color for bit map

        Commodore 16 and plus/4 Memory Configuration

$0000 System memory
$0800 Color memory (Text)
$0C00 Video matrix (Text)
$1000 Beginning of BASIC RAM (without graphics)
$1800 Luminance (Graphics)
$1C00 Colour table (Graphics)
$2000 Graphics screen data
$4000 Beginning of BASIC RAM (with graphics)
$8000 ROM BANK LOW (BASIC)
$C000 BASIC expansions
$D000 Character table
$D800 Operating system
$FC00 Routines for switching banks
$FD00 End of BASIC RAM, I/O area

According to the schematics diagram, $FD00-$FF3F contains the following,
regardless of the RAM/ROM banking configuration:

$FD00-FD0F: 6551 ACIA (for the RS232, only on the +4.  4 registers.)
$FD10-FD1F: 6529B (1 register, drives 8 I/O-lines on the +4 user port)
$FD30-FD3F: 6529B (1 register, keyboard scan. The other 8 lines come from
TED)

$FF00: TED (registers shown below)
$FF40: ROM

0 Timer 1 low
1 Timer 1 high
2 Timer 2 low
3 Timer 2 high
4 Timer 3 low
5 Timer 3 high
6       Test    ECM     BMM     Blank   Rows	Y2      Y1      Y0
7       RVS off PAL     Freeze  MCM     Columns	X2      X1      X0
8 Keyboard Latch
9       IRQ     I-T3    -       I-T2    I-T1    I-LP    I-RAS   -
A       -       EI-T3   -       EI-T2   EI-T1   EI-LP   EI-RAS  RC8
B       RC7     RC6     RC5     RC4     RC3     RC2     RC1     RC0
C       -       -       -       -       -       -       C9      CUR8
D       CUR7    CUR6    CUR5    CUR4    CUR3    CUR2    CUR1    CUR0
E       SND1-7  SND1-6  SND1-5  SND1-4  SND1-3  SND1-2  SND1-1  SND1-0
F       SND2-7  SND2-6  SND2-5  SND2-4  SND2-3  SND2-2  SND2-1  SND2-0
10      -       -       -       -       -       -       SND2-9  SND2-8
11      SND-REL Noise   V2-SEL  V1-SEL  VOL3    VOL2    VOL1    VOL0
12      -       -       BMB2    BMB1    BMB0    R-Bank  S1-9    S1-8
13      CB5     CB4     CB3     CB2     CB1     CB0     SCLOCK  Status
14      VM4     VM3     VM2     VM1     VM0     -       -       -
15      -       LUM2    LUM1    LUM0    COLOR3  COLOR2  COLOR1  COLOR0
16      -       LUM2    LUM1    LUM0    COLOR3  COLOR2  COLOR1  COLOR0
17      -       LUM2    LUM1    LUM0    COLOR3  COLOR2  COLOR1  COLOR0
18      -       LUM2    LUM1    LUM0    COLOR3  COLOR2  COLOR1  COLOR0
19      -       LUM2    LUM1    LUM0    COLOR3  COLOR2  COLOR1  COLOR0
1A      -       -       -       -       -       -       BRE9    BRE8
1B      BRE7    BRE6    BRE5    BRE4    BRE3    BRE2    BRE1    BRE0
1C      -       -       -       -       -       -       -       VL8
1D      VL7     VL6     VL5     VL4     VL3     VL2     VL1     VL0
1E      H8      H7      H6      H5      H4      H3      H2      H1
1F      -       BL3     BL2     BL1     BL0     VSUB2   VSUB1   VSUB0

3E Write switches on ROM bank
3F Write switches on RAM bank

	$FF0E	65294	Voice #1 frequency, bits 0-7

	$FF0F	65295	Voice #2 frequency, bits 0-7

	$FF10	65296	Voice #2 frequency, bits 8 & 9
			(bit 0 is bit 8, bit 1 is bit 9)

	$FF11	65297	Bits 0-3 : Volume control
			Bit 4	: Voice #1 select
			Bit 5	: Voice #2 select
			Bit 6	: Voice #2 noise select
			Bit 7	: Sound reload

	$FF12	65298	Bit 0-1 : Voice #1 frequency, bits 8 & 9
			Bit 2	 : TED data fetch ROM/RAM select
			Bits 0-5 : Bit map base address

	$FF13	65299	Bit 0 :	Clock status
			Bit 1 :	Set single clock
			Bits 2-7 : Character data base address

	$FF14	65309	Bits 3-7 : Video matrix/color memory base address

	$FF15	65301	Background color register
			Bits 0-3 : Color
			Bits 4-6 : Luminance

	$FF16	65302	Color register #1
			Bits 0-3 : Color
			Bits 4-6 : Luminance

	$FF17	65303	Color register #2
			Bits 0-3 : Color
			Bits 4-6 : Luminance

	$FF18	65304	Color registes #3
			Bits 0-3 : Color
			Bits 4-6 : Luminance

	$FF19	65305	Color register #4
			Bits 0-3 : Color
			Bits 4-6 : Luminance

	$FF1A	65306	Bit map reload

	$FF1B	65307	Bit map reload

	$FF1C	65308	Bit 0 : Vertical line bit 8

	$FF1D	65309	Bits 0-7 : Vertical line bits 0-7

	$FF1E	65310	Horizontal position

	$FF1F	65311	Blink, vertical sub address

	$FF3E	65342	ROM select

	$FF3F	65343	RAM select



  BANKING JUMP TABLE

	$FCF1	64753	JMP to cartridge IRQ routine
	$FCF4	64756	JMP to PHOENIX routine
	$FCF7	64759	JMP to LONG FETCH routine
	$FCFA	64762	JMP to LONG JUMP routine
	$FCFD	64765	JMP to LONG IRQ routine


  UNOFFICIAL JUMP TABLE
	$FF49	  65353	JMP to define function key routine
	$FF4C	  65356	JMP to PRINT routine
	$FF4F	  65359	JMP to PRIMM routine
	$FF52	  65362	JMP to ENTRY routine
	$FF80	  65408	RELEASE # OF KERNAL (MSB: 0 = NTSC ; 1 = PAL)


  KERNAL JUMP TABLE

; NAME     ADDRESS	DESCRIPTION
; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CINT	$FF81	65409	Initialize screen editor
IOINIT	$FF84	65412	Initialize I/O devices
RAMTAS	$FF87	65415	Ram test
RESTOR	$FF8A	65418	Restore vectors to initial values
VECTOR	$FF8D	65421	Change vectors for user
SETMSG	$FF90	65424	Control O.S. messages
SECND	$FF93	65427	Send SA after LISTEN
TKSA	$FF96	65430	Send SA after TALK
MEMTOP	$FF99	65433	Set/Read top of memory
MEMBOT	$FF9C	65436	Set/Read bottom of memory
SCNKEY	$FF9F	65439	Scan keyboard
SETTMO	$FFA2	65442	Set timeout in DMA disk
ACPTR	$FFA5	65445	Handshake serial bus or DMA disk byte in
CIoUT	$FFA8	65448	Handshake serial bus or DMA disk byte out
UNTLR	$FFAB	65451	Send UNTALK out serial bus or DMA disk
UNLSN	$FFAE	65454	Send UNLISTEN out serial bus or DMA disk
LISTN	$FFB1	65457	Send LISTEN out serial bus or DMA disk
TALK	$FFB4	65460	Send TALK out serial bus or DMA disk
READSS	$FFB7	65463	Return I/O STATUS byte
SETLFS	SEF8A	65466	Set LA, FA, SA
SETNAM	$FFBD	65469	Set length and FN address
OPEN 	$FFC0	65472	Open logical file
CLOSE	$FFC3	65475	Close logical file
CHKIN	$FFC6	65478	Open channel in
CHOUT	$FEC9	65481	open channel out
CLRCH	$FECC	65484	Close I/O channels
8ASIN	$FFCF	65487	Input from channel
BSOUT	$FFD2	65490	output to channel
LOADSP	$FFD5	65493	Load from file
SAYESP	$FFD8	65496	Save to file
SETTIM	$FFDB	65499	Set internal clock
RDTIM	$FFDE	65502	Read internal clock
STOP	$FFE1	6S50S	Scan STOP key
GETIN	$FFE4	65508	Get character from queue
CLALL	$FFE7	65511	Close all files
UDTIM	$FFEA	65514	Increment clock
SCRORG	$FFED	65517	Screen org.
PLOT 	$FFF0	65520	Read/Set X,Y coord of cursor
IOBASE	$FFF3	65523	Return location of start of I/O

List of utilities in this zip for the PLUS/4

1525COMM.PRG
1541MSTR.PRG
1541ALGN.PRG
1541SAVE.PRG
41HEADSV.PRG
BACKUP.PRG
BETRFILE.PRG
BSICWRDS.PRG
CALCLATR.PRG
CHNGCODE.PRG
CHNGTTLC.PRG
DIRORDER.PRG
DIRPRINT.PRG
DIRPRNT.PRG
DISKCATR.PRG
DISKDIRY.PRG
DISKDOCR.PRG
DISKDOCR.SEQ
DISKMNGR.PRG
DISKMODR.PRG
DISKPRIN.PRG
DISKSLEV.PRG
DISKTIDY.PRG
DLIST19.PRG
DOCREADR.PRG
DOS.PRG
DSKFIDLR.PRG
DSKINTRG.PRG
DSKRNAME.PRG
DSPLYTNS.PRG
FILECONV.PRG
FILEMGRA.PRG
FILEMGRA.SEQ
FILMGRFX.PRG
FILTOPRT.PRG
GDIRPRNT.PRG
GDSETUP.PRG
HEADTEST.PRG
HEDALGN.PRG
HEDRCHNG.PRG
HEXDUMP.PRG
HOUSKEEP.PRG
HRDCPYER.PRG
INF1660A.SEQ
INF1660B.SEQ
INSTRUCT.PRG
INSTRUCT.SEQ
JCKTPRNT.PRG
LBELSAVE.PRG
LBELSAVE.SEQ
LIBRV86.ML
LIBRV86.PRG
LISTME.PRG
LOADADDR.PRG
LOADADR4.PRG
MAGINDEX.PRG
MAGINDX4.PRG
MENU.PRG
NAMEUTIL.PRG
NAMIDCNG.PRG
NBACKUP.SEQ
NCOURSE.SEQ
NOHEDBNG.PRG
PRGMINFO.PRG
PRNTPSTR.PRG
SCNVRDMP.PRG
SEEFILE.PRG
SEQFILE.PRG
SEQREAD.PRG
SEQTOPRG.PRG
SEQUENCE.PRG
SMALSIGN.PRG
SMTHSCRL.PRG
STOPNOCK.PRG
SWAPROM.PRG
TITPGEC.PRG
UNSCRACH.PRG
UTILFILE.PRG
BLOKMODI.PRG
COLRTEST.PRG
CPYDISK3.PRG
DSKEXAM2.PRG
DISCDIR2.PRG
DISKADR3.PRG
DISKCARE.PRG
DISKCPY3.PRG
DRVCLEN2.PRG
D	MSTR3.PRG
DSKUIL2.PRG
LODADDR3.PRG
MEMYLOCS.PRG
POKECONV.PRG
PRINTEST.PRG
PRNTFRMT.PRG
PROGINFO.PRG
REFLPWER.PRG
REGPSPLY.PRG
RELSEQCV.PRG
REMHLITE.PRG
RESTCODE.PRG
REVERSE.PRG
SCRNDUMP.PRG
SCRNTEST.PRG
SEQFIX.PRG
VIEWBAM.PRG
CHCKDISK.PRG
CHKDISK4.PRG
CPYDFILE.PRG
DISKCMD.PRG
DISKLIS2.PRG
DUM5UTIL.PRG
PRGMLIST.PRG
PRINSORT.PRG
RELCOPY.PRG
RNDGENRT.PRG
program paintpix (input,output);
(*pgm. to load & display the paintpic pictures*)
(*adapted from the paintpic basic display pgm.*)
(*by david r. pounds*)
(*update 1/1/86*)
(*artwork is by alan m. pounds*)

const clear=147;
var choice:char;
    bkgcolr:integer;

function getnumb:integer;
var next:char;
    infile:text;
begin
 read(infile,next);
 getnumb:=ord(next)
end;(*getnumb*)

function pokeit (address:integer):integer;
var value,change,lobit,hibit,addr,poke:integer;
begin
 value:=getnumb;
 lobit:=getnumb;
 hibit:=getnumb;
 change:=256*hibit+lobit;
 for addr:=0 to change-1
 do begin
  poke:=address+addr;
  mem [poke]:=chr(value)
 end;(*addr do*)
 pokeit:=address+change
end;(*pokeit*)

function picload (picname:string):integer;
const coloram=$d800;
      bkgaddr=$5c00;
      picaddr=$6000;
var first:char;
    infile:text;
    address:integer;
begin
 reset(infile,picname);
 read(infile,first);
 if not (first='p') then exit(picload);
 picload:=getnumb;
 address:=coloram;
 repeat
  address:=pokeit (address)
 until (address > coloram+999);
 address:=bkgaddr;
 repeat
  address:=pokeit (address)
 until (address > bkgaddr+999);
 address:=picaddr;
 repeat
  address:=pokeit (address)
 until (address > picaddr+7999);
 close(infile)
end;(*picload*)

procedure bitmapset (bkgcolr:integer);
const screenset=$d018;
      bitmaptog=$d011;
      multicolr=$d016;
      bkgrcolor=$d021;
      bankselct=$dd02;
      bankchang=$dd00;
var toggle:integer;
begin
 mem [screenset]:=chr(120);
 toggle:=ord(mem [bitmaptog]);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,32);
 mem [bitmaptog]:=chr(toggle);
 toggle:=ord(mem [multicolr]);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,16);
 mem [multicolr]:=chr(toggle);
 mem [bkgrcolor]:=chr(bkgcolr);
 toggle:=ord(mem [bankselct]);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,3);
 mem [bankselct]:=chr(toggle);
 toggle:=ord(mem [bankchang]);
 toggle:=andb(toggle,252);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,2);
 mem [bankchang]:=chr(toggle)(* 1 *)
end;(*bitmapset*)

procedure backtotext;
const screenset=$d018;
      bitmaptog=$d011;
      multicolr=$d016;
      bkgrcolor=$d021;
      bankselct=$dd02;
      bankchang=$dd00;
      blue=6;
var toggle:integer;
begin
 mem [screenset]:=chr(21);
 toggle:=ord(mem [bitmaptog]);
 toggle:=andb(toggle,223);
 mem [bitmaptog]:=chr(toggle);
 toggle:=ord(mem [multicolr]);
 toggle:=andb(toggle,239);
 mem [multicolr]:=chr(toggle);
 mem [bkgrcolor]:=chr(blue);
 toggle:=ord(mem [bankselct]);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,3);
 mem [bankselct]:=chr(toggle);
 toggle:=ord(mem [bankchang]);
 toggle:=andb(toggle,252);
 toggle:=orb(toggle,3);
 mem [bankchang]:=chr(toggle)(* 0 *)
end;(*backtotext*)

procedure listpix;
begin
 write(chr(clear));
 writeln;
 writeln('these are the picture titles');
 writeln;writeln;
 writeln('shuttle');writeln;
 writeln('starship');writeln;
 writeln('knight');writeln;
 writeln('earthrise #1');writeln;
 writeln('saturn #2');writeln;
 writeln('saturnport 3');writeln;
end;(*listpix*)

function nameok (name:string):boolean;
var next:char;
    letter:1..16;
begin
 if length(name)<=16
 then begin
  nameok:=true;
  for letter:=1 to length(name)
  do begin
   next:=copy(name,letter,1);
   if (next='?') or (next='*')
   then nameok:=false
  end(*letter for*)
 end(*length then*)
 else nameok:=false
end;(*nameok*)

function choosepic (from:string):string [16];
var name:string;
begin
 writeln;
 listpix;
 writeln;
 writeln('what picture do you want to ',from,' ?');
 writeln;
 repeat
  writeln('it must be 16 characters or less');
  writeln('and contain no ? or *');
  writeln;
  readln(name)
 until nameok (name);
choosepic:=name
end;(*choosepic*)

function loader:integer;
var from:string;
    picname:string [16];
begin
 write(chr(clear));
 from:='load';
 picname:=choosepic (from);
 write(chr(clear));
 writeln('loading ',picname,' from disk');
 loader:=picload (picname)
end;(*loader*)

procedure viewpic (bkgcolr:integer);
var dummy:char;
begin
 writeln('press f7 to get back to menu');
 writeln;
 writeln('return to continue');
 readln(dummy);
 bitmapset (bkgcolr);
 if (inkey=chr(136))
 then backtotext
end;(*viewpic*)

begin (*main*)
 write(chr(clear));
 repeat
  write(chr(clear));
  writeln;
  writeln('do you want to load a picture');
  writeln('from the disk ? (l)');
  writeln;
  writeln('view loaded picture ? (v)');
  writeln;
  writeln('or quit ? (q)');
  writeln;
  readln(choice);
  writeln;
  case choice of
   'l':bkgcolr:=loader;
   'v':viewpic (bkgcolr)
  end(*choice case*)
 until choice='q'
end.(*paintpix*)
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR USING PANASONIC-CARDCO G+
WITH EASY SCRIPT

BY:  JERRY ELLIS, 75006,741



 1.  Before loading EASY SCRIPT type the following:

          OPEN4,4,25:PRINT#4,"LOCK":CLOSE4

 2.  Load EASY SCRIPT as normal (LOAD"*",8,1).

 3.  For printer type use, 4=OTHER, then S=SERIAL.

 4.  Type the following commands using the F-3 key (reverse asterisk) as the first entry on each line.  A standard asterisk is used here for reference only.  Save these commands on disk and call them up each time you use EASY SCRIPT.

*nb"printer codes"
*lm10:rm70:pl66:vp6:lf1
*0=0:1=1:2=45:3=52:4=53:5=69:6=70:7=83:8=84:9=87
*nb BEGIN TYPING TEXT ON THIS LINE.


 5.  The commands for margins (lm & rm) and vertical offset (vp) may be changed to what suits your application but page length (pl) and line feed (lf) must be stated.  Evidently all default values are not valid in this mode.

 6.  The third command line above beginning with 0=0:1=1:etc. are found on the chart on the last page of these instructions.  They stand for the CHR$ number which the Panasonic printer recognizes as commands to the printer.  The codes were taken from the Panasonic instr	tion book and DO NOT INCLUDE all of the codes available.

 7.  The third command line is used to define these codes for EASY SCRIPT.  Only 10 codes may be defined (0 through 9) so not all are defined.  Using the chart on the last page you may change the definitions to suit your application.

 8.  While typing your text, to initiate a particular function, press the F-1 key, the up arrow key (EASY SCRIPT's escape key), the F-1 key (AGAIN), and the code you want.  The escape key prints on the screen as a rev	sed "E".  The code should also be in reverse print.  If you want to end the function you press F-1, up arrow, F-1 , and the code to release the function.  If no release code is listed you use the code to go back to the font you were using prior to the change.  If there are two codes you must press F-1 again and then the second code.

 9.  It is not as complicated as it seems.  Here is an example of UNDERLINING.  The F-1 key, the up arrow (^), and the command are in brackets for clarity.


[F-1,^,F-1,2,F-1	]This is an example of UNDERLINING[F-1,^,F-1,2,F-1,0]


     On the edit screen it will look like this:

          E21This is an example of UNDERLINING.E20

     Of course, the E21 and E20 will be in reverse print.


10.  The EASY SCRIPT instruction book cautions that use of escape codes (F-1, up arrow) may effect justification.


11.  The standard centering command works (F-3,cn1) works fine in this mode.


12.  PANASONIC-CARDCO G+ PRINTER CODES FOR USE WITH EASY SCRIPT


Pica Pitch:                   80	Elite Pitch:                  77

Proportional Pitch:          111

Double Width:      Set      87+1
Release      87+0

Compressed Mode:              15

Superscript:       Set      83+0
Release        84

Subscript:         Set      83+1
Release        84

Italics:           Set        52
Release        53

Emphasis Mode:     Set        69
Release        70

Double Printing:   Set        71
Release        72

Near Letter Qual.: Set       110

Underlining:       Set      45+1
Release      45+0


SPECIAL N	ES:


1.  All codes are not listed.
2.  Only 10 at one time may be defined using EASY SCRIPT.
3.  All codes may not work with certain fonts, see printer manual     (exm. super-subscript with Near Letter Quality).
Instructions for
       M O N S T E R   P A N I C
by Timothy Bogen
Monster Panic is similar to the arcade
game Space Panic.  Your player is a man
who is on a playing field of floors
connected by ladders.  A variety of
creatures move about and, if they touch
the man, they will kill him.  You must
maneuver the man to dig holes, which
the creatures then fall into, and are
then buried in by the man.
.
The man is controlled by the joystick
(port 1).  The fire button controls both
digging and closing the holes.  Press
and hold the button to dig a hole.  Wait
for a creature to fall in.  Then press
and hold the button to fill the hole,
and the creature will fall to its death!
When all the creatures on the screen
have been destroyed, you advance to the
next level.
.
There are nive levels in all.  There
are red creatures alone on the first
three levels.  On the second three
levels, there is a  cyan creature as
well.  This creature must fall through
two *exactly* aligned holes to be
destroyed.  There is also a white
creature for the last three levels.  He
must fall through three exactly aligned
holes to be killed.  To help, however,
you can ki	 any creature by making
another one fall squarely on top of it.
.
At the same time, you have an oxygen
supply which is running out.  Your man
will die if you let it run out before
clearing the screen.  You get five men
in each game, and a new man every 5000
points.
.
Enjoy!

CompuServe Information Service          CIS:CBMAPP

The Commodore Applications Forum

 #: 49986 S1/Forum Help
    28-Aug-1998  23:54:51 EDT
Sb: Creating Passwords!
Fm: Glenn P., 74127,1457
To: All / Anyone...

                         CHOOSING COMPUSERVE PASSWORDS

     The technical requirements of CompuServe passwords are first, that they
must be AT LEAST eight (8) characters in length, but NO MORE than twenty-four
(24) characters. They must contain one, but ONLY one, non-alphanumeric
character, basically a space or punctuation mark or the like. The use of
control characters is NOT recommended and may lead to strange results.

     Although there is no requirement as to WHERE the non-alpha character
should be placed, CompuServe's own guidelines suggest that passwords should
consist of two unrelated words separated by the non-alpha character. For
security reasons, it is very important that these two words be unrelated, not
only to you but to each other -- the more disparate, the better.

     Many people seem to have trouble thinking up passwords, and there are
even computer programs -- one such available right here in this Forum! --
which will create them at random. I'm inclined to think this difficulty is
largely due to people thinking of it as a chore. Instead, think of it as a
GAME: a game in which you need to think of two totally unrelated words -- the
more incongroous, the better. And because incongruity breeds humor, the goal
is to aim for silly and confounding combinations that make you laugh. (This
will also have one beneficial side effect -- that of making the results
MEMORABLE, an important consideration!)

     Given below are just some of the many CompuServe passwords I've used in
the past. The list is not exhaustive, but it is very representative. None of
them are in current use (and Inever use ANY password more than once), so there
is no security risk in divulging them -- but I caution that there *would* be a
VERY serious security risk in USING them; for anti-social miscreants may read
this list too! I hope this list serves, both to showcase my own creativity,
and to spur your own.   :)

One final note: You'll find many of the words here rather erudite. Believe me,
they are all genuine words! I have made nothing up. You'll also notice that a
few of these passwords contain Hebrew or Yiddish words. This is not because
I'm Jewish (I am in fact solidly Lutheran) but simply because some of the
words are among the weirdest ones ever to make it into the English language.
Enjoy!

               Minuend'Bookcase               Bubblebath(Bagel
               Ashcan!Tilde                   Arson%Barbell
               Toaster:Float                  Parenthetical%Asphalt
               Palimpsest:Lightbulb           Dimple.Tenderloin
               Gazebo%Toothpaste              Harbinger!Derelict
               Volvox!Hairpin                 Sympathy,Cartilage
               Sanhedrin#Forklift             Strawberry.Caduceus
               Diaper)Haiku                   Ruby.Toothpaste
               Pincussion:Snowdrift           Spaniel?Shoestring
               Permutation-Lamppost           Dinosaur,Smokealarm
               Juniper+Glowworm               Uvula.Trenchcoat
               Gasoline.Treadmill             Telephone>Cupcake
               Octopus\Cucumber               Alligator*Toadstool
               Elevator<Quicksand             Thimble@Corkscrew
               Toaster*Oxide                  Pineapple/Tchotchke

     Do I have any favorites? Oh, yes!

     Of the ones listed above, "Sanhedrin#Forklift" (DO look that first word
up!) has to be my absolute all-time favorite -- you would be so VERY
hard-pressed to come up with any two words more incongruous in meaning. Of
course, "Diaper)Haiku", runs a very close second. And "Pineapple/Tchotchke" is
a MAREVELOUS password!!!   :)   And these aren't even ALLof them!

     I'll be uploading this text as a file, so you'll be able to enjoy it even
after this message itself scrolls. Hope you enjoyed it!

     Yours in creativity...

                                                    [74127.01457] - Glenn P.

>>>>> End of Text <<<<<


"The file PEGSUS.IMG is a demo file for 'PHM Pegasus C64' that includes a
continuous self-running demo of scenario #2, the 'Graduate Training Mode,'
that can be played.  At any time the demo, by using the joystick or
keyboard, can start playing.  If you stop playing it, it goes back to
self-running mode.  This demo gives a feel for operating the hydrofoil
and its weapons systems but doesn't include the more in-depth strategies of
the other scenarios, in which you actually have to use helicopters and
other vessels to help you spot enemies."

This file has been uploaded to CompuServe's CBMART Forum with permission granted
to Betty Knight from Electronic Arts' Technical Director Jeff Johannigman and   
(c) 1987 Lucasfilm Ltd.

Download  PEGSUS.BIN  as a Program Type file with a name of    pegasus.

   load"pegasus",8,1    At the READY prompt use the RUN STOP/RESTORE keys 
together and then enter    sys2304    to start. 

The Joystick should be active in Joystick PORT 1.  "To maneuver vessel you must
be in 'maneuver mode.'  When you use space bar to toggle to 'aim mode,' your
joystick then moves your firing cursor.  The fire button then shoots
whatever weapon you have selected.  When shooting, target indicators help
tell you where to aim your shots."


                      KEYBOARD COMMAND SUMMARY

"(Note: Some of the following commands are accessible through the joystick.
Such commands are marked with an asterisk *.  See Joystick Control Section
following.)

KEY:                             EFFECT

                Bridge                           Operation Map

P            Pause/Resume play                        Same

Shift-Q      Quit                                     Same

V            Toggles view between Operations          Same
             Map and Bridge

+            Each press doubles time rate             Same
             up to 128 x real time

-            Each press halves  time rate             Same
             down to real time (1 x)

N            Return time rate to real time (1 x)      Same

1-5 *        Sets hydrofoil's maximum speed           Sets maximum speed for
                                                      hydrofoil or auxiliary
                                                      vessel

O *          Stops hydrofoil                          NA

Shift-R      Each press doubles radar scan            NA
             from 2.5 miles to 40

R            Each press halves  radar scan            NA
             to 2.5 miles

T            Selects targets for view in              NA
             binoculars

D            NA                                       Toggles between radar
                                                      circles and vessel icons

F1           Selects cannon                           Selects Hydrofoil

F3           Selects chaff rocket                     Selects Helicopter 1 **

F5           Selects missiles                         Selects Helicopter 2 **
             (Harpoon or Exocet)

F7           Selects Gabriel missiles **              Selects Convoy **

Spacebar     Toggles between maneuver and             NA
             weapons aiming modes

Return *     Fire currently selected weapon           NA

I,J,K,M *    Aim weapon up, left, right, down         Moves destination cursor

Comma *      Turn Hydrofoil left                      NA

Period *     Turn Hydrofoil right                     NA

                                                          ** when available

                          JOYSTICK CONTROL

"You can use the joystick either to control the hydrofoil or to aim and fire
your weapons.  From the Bridge, in Movement mode, you can control the
hydrofoil's movement by moving the joystick left or right, and its speed
by moving it forward or back.  In Weapons mode, use the joystick to move
the aiming cursor around the binocular view.  Fire your weapons in either
mode by pressing the fire button.  You can toggle between Movement and
Weapons mode by pressing the Spacebar.  From the Operations Map, use your
joystick to set your destination cursor, and the fire botton to set off on
your course."




Date: 19-Oct-1994 08:05 EDT
From: INTERNET: infobot@infomania.com
Subj: Value Of PI (To 21,399 Decimal Places).

PI (pie)
====================================================

(1) The 16th letter of the Greek alphabet. See
ALPHABET. (2) (Mathematics) The ratio of the
circumference of a CIRCLE to its diameter is
constant for all circles. This constant, called Pi,
is denoted by the Greek letter of the same name. The
value of Pi is a transcendental number, an
IRRATIONAL NUMBER, and hence can be expressed
neither as a quotient of two integers, nor as a
terminating decimal fraction; but it has been
approximated by computer to as many as 480 million
digits. For our purposes, the value of Pi is
approximately equivalent to: 3.14159
>>>>> End of Text <<<<<

PIXPTR - The High Res picture printer for use with CBterm/C64 Picture files.
                    (c) 1985 by Chrisdos. All rights reserved.

This program will take a High Res picture file that was dumped using the
CBTKOA option of CBterm, and display it to the screen, and allow you
to print it in FULL SIZE on your Gemini (or compatable) printer.

Operation is simple, just load and run the program. Put the disk with the
pictures on in in your drive. 
You will be prompted for the letter of the picture you want to display (A-P).
Enter the letter, and the file will be read from disk and the picture built
on the screen.
To print the picture, after it is on the screen, press + for a positive
dump, or - for a negitive image dump. Pressing any other key returns control
to the basic routine that just sits and loops.
. To exit the program hit RUN/STOP-RESTORE.
--------------
How it works:
 The program is part basic, part ML.
 (So do not change the basic program at all, it will knock the ML out.)
The initial prompting for file name and opening of the file is done in
basic, then control is transfered to the ML routine to do a fast load of
the 	le and set up the high res screen. After the file has been read in,
the second half of the ML routine waits for a key to be pressed.
If it is a + you get a positive dump of the screen data to the printer.
If it is a - you get a negitive dump.
 After a dump, you may press + or - again to dump as many pictures
 as you like.
If the key is not a + or - then the basic program is reentered, but the
basic program just sits in a loop so you can view the picture on the screen.
Hiting Run/Stop-Restore exits the pro	am where you can RUN it again for
another picture.

The screen dump is encoded so that the printed data fills the 8.5 by 11 page.
(The printed output is the same size as you would see on a 12" TV monitor!)
----------------
For more info on the High Res Pictures and all, see the files for CBTERM.TXT
and CBTKOA.DOC in DL2 of the CBIG SIG.
Any questions on this or any CBterm file, leave a message to SYSOP in the
CBIG SIG. (GO CBIG)
Path: recepsen.aa.msen.com!spool.mu.edu!caen!night.primate.wisc.edu!newsspool.doit.wisc.edu!uwm.edu!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!news.uoregon.edu!news.u.washington.edu!carson.u.washington.edu!rrcc
From: Raymond Carlsen <rrcc@u.washington.edu>
Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm
Subject: Commodore plus/4 info...
Date: Tue, 27 Jun 1995 09:05:23 -0700
Organization: University of Washington
Lines: 182
Message-ID: <Pine.PTX.3.91j.950627082752.25972B-100000@carson.u.washington.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
To: clausb@hpbbn.bbn.hp.com
X-Status: U


     I own a Commodore Plus/4 Computer, and was fortunate enough to get 
it with a working power supply and two books: The Users' Manual and the
Integrated Software Manual. Most people who own one of those "orphan" 
computers inherit the keyboard only, and are hard pressed to make it work
with little or no information and usually no periferals or software. The
Plus/4 came after the VIC-20 and the C-64 (about 1984), and is not
software compatable with either of those computers, although it does share
some hardware compatability. I decided to do a little digging inside my
Plus/4 and share whatever information I could. As a repair tech, I'm more
into hardware than software or programming, and I have no schematics or
disk software. I'm working by "seat of the pants", so standard disclaimers 
apply! I hope this info is helpful to other owners of orphan Plus/4s.

             **********************************************
     The Plus/4 comes up in Basic V3.5 with usable memory a little over
"60K bytes free" (The C-64 comes up with about 40K). Commands are similar
to the C-128 (DIRECTORY, HEADER, DLOAD, and COPY, for example) and such
things as reprogramming Function keys is possible. Obviously the Plus/4
requires software written for its' version of Basic, and memory locations
are specific to this model. For example, screen memory goes from location
3072 to 4071 (40X25 screen) and color memory from 2048 to 3047. Basic
starts at $8000. One source of "orphan" software is Jack Vanderwhite
(CEE-64 Alive!) PO Box 232115 Sacramento, CA. 95823 (916) 395-9773. He
posts frequently on the Internet Newsgroup: comp.sys.cbm. 
     The Plus/4 has several built-in programs stored on internal ROMs.
There is a Word Processor, File Manager, Spreadsheet, Graphics, and a ML
Monitor called TEDMON. The internal programs are initiated from the Basic
startup screen by pressing the F1 key. A SYS number is displayed... hit
-return-. This starts the word processor. Hold down the C= key and press C
to activate the Command mode, indicated by the "W>" prompt at the bottom
of the screen. Type TF (To the File manager) and -return- to go to the
"database". Similarly, typing TC (To the spreadsheet Command) and TW (To
the Word processor) will move to those ROM programs. Most commands are
two-letter combinations such as: LF (Load File) followed by -return-.
TEDMON is started from Basic by typing MONITOR -return-, and exited by
typing X -return-. GRAPHICS is part of the spreadsheet and allows
manipulation of charts and graphs. The GRAPHIC command entered from Basic
allows direct entry of HiRes graphics characters, drawing shapes and
controlling color. Because they are integrated, data can be moved across
the internal ROM programs. Obviously this is a simplified overview and is
intended only to get you started if you don't have the books. To properly
run these programs, you need the Integrated Software Manual. 
     The Plus/4 has three voices (or rather two programmable tone
generators and a noise generator). The first two output square waveforms
and # three outputs noise for special effects. To enable and play voice
#2... 
   10 VOL 7: REM sets volume level (0 is off)
   20 SOUND2,800,360: REM turns on #2, sets freq (about
      500Hz), sets the on-time (about 2 seconds).
             *********************************************
     The RF (TV) output is the same as on the C-64. An RCA jack on the
right side of the Plus/4 will connect, through an adaptor or switchbox, to
a standard Color TV set. There is a switch near the connector to select
channel 3 or 4. The color screen shows a 40 column display with border. 
     The Plus/4 serial port is identical to the C-64 and will work with
drives such as the 1541 and 1551 as well as CBM printers. 
     The User port (RS-232) appears the same as the C-64 and uses 5 volt
TTL level input/output signals. It will work with CBM modems such as the
1660 with no modifications, but like the C-64, requires an adaptor to
interface IBM type (Hayes compatable) modems. 
     The Memory Expansion Port (Cartridge port) is different from a C-64.
The connector looks similar, but has a total of 50 pins compared to the
C-64 which has 44. The SFS-481 Disk Drive and specific Plus/4 cartridges
were made to interface this parallel port. I was unable to find the
pinout, but I believe the Programmers Manual has that information. 
     The cassette port is a 7 pin Mini-DIN type similar to the joystick
ports but with a slightly different pin spacing. It works with the 1531
Datasette. I do not have the pinout. 
     The power supply for the Plus/4 is the same as the C-64, namely the
non-repairable "black brick" which outputs two voltages: 5 volts DC at
about 1 Amp, and 9 volts AC. Although some Plus/4s were built with the
round DIN type connector, most have a square 4 pin type, similar in
appearance to the C-128. The pinout is as follows (viewed facing rear of
computer): 
               
                 ----v---- 
     9VAC ------|-0     0-|------ 9VAC
                |         |
    +5VDC ------|-0     0-|------ Ground
                |_________|

            ***********************************************
     The video port (8 pin DIN) is nearly the same as the later models of
C-64, and monitors such as the 1702 (separated Y and C) will work with no
modifications. As with the C-64, a standard 5 pin DIN plug will also work
for monitors that accept only composite video and audio. The only
difference in the Plus/4 is -two- audio outputs, whereas the C-64 has an
audio -input- on one of those pins. The unloaded level on the second audio
output line is over 1 volt (PP). The lower level output connects
internally to the RF modulator as in the C-64. The pinout is as follows
(facing rear of computer): 

                          ________ Chroma Out
                         |           
                         |
         NC ------0      |      0------ NC
                         | 
  Audio Out ------0      0      0--- Luminance & Sync Out 
   (1VPP)                    
             ------0           0------ Comp Video Out
  Std Audio Out          0
     (.5VPP)              \________ Ground
 
              **********************************************
The joystick connectors are a departure from the "standard" 9 pin "D"
types that are used on the C-64 and the C-128. The 8 pin joy port
connectors on the Plus/4 are called Mini-DIN. They were used for the
joystick ports on the short-lived Commodore 16, and have also been used on
Apple (MAC) computers for many years and more recently for S-Video (4 pin)
on TVs and VCRs. The following is a small program to test the joystick
ports of the Plus/4. 

    10 PRINT JOY (1)
    20 PRINT JOY (2)
    30 GOTO10

This Basic program scrolls a number on the screen. The numeric value
depends on which direction the joystick is moved. Each position of the
joystick (or a pressed Fire button) represents a contact closure
(grounding one or more pins of the joy port). For example, when the
joystick is moved to the left, the number on the screen will go to 7. If
no switches are closed, the output number will be zero... 

Output   Function
------   ------------------
  0      NO SWITCHES CLOSED
  1      UP 
  2      UP AND RIGHT
  3      RIGHT
  4      RIGHT AND DOWN
  5      DOWN
  6      DOWN AND LEFT
  7      LEFT
  8      LEFT AND UP
 128     FIRE (JOYSTICK #1)
 135     FIRE (JOYSTICK #2) 

Here is the pinout for the Joystick ports. It is shown facing the rear of
the computer. Note the offset center pin! 
 
                                _____ Ground
                                |  ______ Right
                                | |
             Unknown ------0    0 |  0------ Fire
                                  |
              +5VDC ------0      0    0------ Left   
                                   
                 Down  ------0     0------ Up   

              ********************************************** 
     Since Plus/4 joysticks are so rare, standard CBM and Atari types
could be modified by cutting off the 9 pin "D" connector and installing
the 8 pin Mini-DIN male plug, or just changing the cable for one with the
Mini-DIN. Be careful with the wiring! There is a +5 volt source on those
joyports. You could damage ICs in the computer if you accidently short the
5 volts to ground. I would put a 100 ohm resistor on the ground-return
side of the switches, just to be safe. 
     The larger electronic parts houses sell Mini-DIN plugs and cables.
One source here in Seattle is Westlake Electronic Supply 1-800-523-8677
FAX: (206) 628-0508. They carry the GC Electronics line. The 8 pin
Mini-DIN is GC #33-938BU and the 7 pin cass. port plug is GC #33-937BU. A
less expensive 8 pin is GC #45-1160, and 7 pin is GC #45-1159. Two other
sources for DIN plugs are: Jameco Electronics 1-800-831-4242 and JDR
Microdevices 1-800-538-5000. Jameco sells a printer cable (Apple MAC) with
8 pin Mini-DINs on each end: part #10604. It sells for $4.95. That 6ft.
cable could be cut in half to make two 3 ft. joystick cables. 
            ********************************************
The proprietary IC chips used in the Plus/4 are apparently not used in any
other CBM equipment, and I know of no sources for these parts. The rest of
the chips are mostly LS TTL devices available anywhere. Here is the chip
complement: 

U1         8360R2      40 pin     VIC (40 Col NTSC)
U2         8501R1      40 pin     CPU
U3         8551        28 pin     ASIC (RS-232 interface)
U5 & U27   6529B       20 pin     ? ?  (parallel interface?)
U19        251641-02   28 pin     ROM \
U23        318006-01   28 pin     ROM |
U24        318005-05   28 pin     ROM |--- Built-in programs
U25        317055-01   28 pin     ROM |
U26        317054-01   28 pin     ROM /
Notes on portprn.img

Portprn.img is a machine language routine.  Load it ,8,1 and SYS 4096 ($1000)
The STOP key will break it at any time.

The idea behind this program is a fairly simple one:  The C64 accepts input,
one line at a time, over the user port to which is connected an RS 232
interface.  It translates the input from pure ascii into petscii as the data
is received, and then prints it to a printer (device 4) on the bus.  I went
to this effort because I bought a second computer, which has a serial
interface, and did not want to spend money on another cheap dot-matrix
printer.  The 1526 is a perfectly sound, if not lightning fast, text
printer.  The setup serves my purposes, kludgy or not.  Although I have had
problems getting it to work with a screen dump, it works fine when printing
under program control.

Screen notes:

The screen shows the status of both the (serial printer) bus and the (RS 232
user) port.  The checkmarks indicate the state (open/closed) of each.  In
addition, the error codes are read and sent to the screen as characters.
Error checking per se is not done, rather, the results in the Accumulator or
in the status byte are sent -- good, bad, or indifferent -- straight to the
screen.  It's a lazy way out, but if things aren't working, at least the
codes are there to be analyzed.  They are in the following order:

RS 232 Status
   open:  Error result in Accumulator and readst byte from kernal OPEN
   init:  Error result in Accumulator from kernal CHKIN
   close: blank; never closed.

Printer Status
   open:  Error result in Accumulator from kernal OPEN
   init:  Error result in Accumulator and readst byte from kernal CHKOUT
   close: Readst byte from kernal UNLSN, error result in Accumulator  and
          readst byte from kernal CLOSE

Of course, what you see are the screen codes (PRG Appendix B).

Programming notes:

The RS 232 interface is set at 1200 bps, even parity, seven data bits, one
stop bit.  The x-line handshake is implemented, although the port buffer is
almost always empty when operating at ML speeds.

Alphanumeric and punctuation characters are translated; carriage return and
form feeds are fed straight to the printer.  All others, including tabs and
linefeeds, are stripped.

This is only significant ML program I have ever written.  I prefer
compilers, but because Oxford Pascal does not recognize the user port at
all, this seemed a natural application.  The source code is commented and
makes liberal use of symbols as I made notes to myself along the way.  It
was originally supposed to be a spooler, but that seems to be impractical
for reasons outlined below.  My choice of location was purely arbitrary and
probably less than ideal.  It wouldn't be very difficult to change, were you
so inclined, by re-assembling with a different origin.  I used the EA
assembler by Lew Lasher available (or was) on this SIG.  The buffered line
is stored at $7000, and probably should be moved closer to the code, I
guess.

I don't pretend that it is the most elegant code ever written, but I think
it may serve as a starting point if you are thinking of writing a
communications program, or have a situation similar to mine.  I have read
three books on ML programming, including both of Richard Mansfield's highly
acclaimed volumes.  Helpful as they were, communications I/O was not in any
of them.  Nobody discusses the difference between CHROUT and CIOUT, for
instance, and for me there was a lot of trial and error.  For this reason,
it is my hope that the source code will be instructive.

Why not a spooler?  Both the bus and the port communicate bit-by-bit (no pun
intended).  Assembly/disassembly of the BYTES used within the C64 to the
BITS it needs to communicate is done in zero page by the CPU.  Our friend
the 6510 does one thing at a time, does it very well, and then goes on (like
Major Winchester).  Ergo, it cannot address both the port and the bus at the
same time, as they need the same ZP routines.  This limitation made it
necessary (as I understand it) to close the bus down completely when
printing.

Hardware note:

I constructed a null modem cable crossing pins 2/3, 4/5, 6/20. Crossing 5/20
should work as well.  The software drops DTR (20) when it receives a
carriage return, causing the sending machine to hold off.

-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-
Performance Peripherals Products
         and Prices
Current as of November 14, 1995
-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-

( 1 ) BBRTC
BBRTC (Battery Backed Real Time Clock). This is a tiny module that plugs
into the CONTROL PORT 2, which is unused in GEOS. The time is read from the
BBRTC automatically upon booting or rebooting GEOS. Additional software
provided allows the display of time without the need for GEOS. The time is
retained for 10 years on the BBRTC's internal battery.

( 2 ) BBU
The BBU is a battery backup unit for the 1700, 1764, 1750, expanded 17XX
series REU's, the 1750 clone, and GEORAM 512k. The BBU provides power to the
REU and therefore a heavy duty power supply for the computer is not needed.
The BBU uses a simple DC wall mount power supply. Also, included is a 4
D-call battery holder which allows the BBU to continue to backup the REU
when power to the wall mount power supply is lost. There is a red BATTERY
LOW indicator which lights up when the voltage of the batteries drops from a
fresh voltage of 6.0 volts to a used voltage of approx. 5.1 volts. If power
to the wall mount power supply is never lost, then the batteries will never
be used. An activity indicator is also a feature. The BBU is about 1 inch
longer than a standard ROM cartridge case. It measures 2.5 inches wide by 4
inches long by 1 inch tall. The REU fits vertically into the top of the BBU.
This adds some height to the computer, but shortens the depth the REU would
normally take up on a desk. Complete documentation for the setup and use is
included in the manual. Software for rebooting GEOS and 128 GEOS is
included. The BBU works with many programs that allow the reuse of data
stored in an REU. RAMDOS and RAMDOS][ (RAMDOS II) work very well with the
BBU. The RAMDOS programs allow the use of the REU as a disk drive. There are
many applications for the BBU and you have to try it to believe it.

( 3 ) RAMDrive
The RAMDrive was developed together with the RAMLink. The RAMDrive runs
under CMD RAMDOS which PPI includes with the RAMDrive. RAMDOS allows the
RAMDrive to look and act as if it were a disk drive on a serial bus; with
one exception - it is very fast! RAMLink and RAMDrive run the same version
2.0 software, and reach the same level of compatibility with application
software. RAMDrive works with a 17XX series REU on an expansion board, also.
RAMDrive works with GEOS in addition to regular Commodore DOS programs.
Unlike RAMLink, which has a large lead-acid external battery (the size of
the RAMDrive) RAMDrive has batteries built into the small case and is
designed to be highly portable. This is the general purpose RAM expander
that PPI offers. The internal batteries are rechargable and last up to 2
weeks on a full charge. The RAMDrive manual is very precise and is an
excellent reference for the hundreds of features that RAMDrive offers. The
RAMDrive provides auto-boot program execution on power up for both the C64
and C128. The RAMDrive is an extremely powerful and flexible product.
However, is a user only wants to speed up GEOS applications, then the BBGRam
is a more cost effective solution than the RAMDrive.

( 4 ) BBGRam
This battery backed non-volatile RAM expander is similar to the volatile
GEORAM 512k from Berkeley Softworks. It is the RAM expander of choice for
GEOS users. For GEOS users, the BBGRam is all the RAM expander that the user
needs. The BBGRam has battery backup and comes in sizes of 512k, 1 meg, and
2 meg. Compared to a floppy drive, BBGRam wins on all counts: lower cost,
much faster, no moving parts to break, smaller and less power consumption.
The 2 meg BBGRam stores the equivalent of ten 1541 disk drives.

( 5 ) FLASH8
This is an 8MHz accelerator card for the C64 that is imported from Germany.
Compatible with GEOS, most commercial programs, and BASIC. Dramatically
increases the speed on your C64! This is the absolute fastest Commodore
system available to date. Save time and impress your club members & friends.

( 6 ) 64NET
An imported system from Australia. This allows the C64 to use the resources
of an IBM-PC to which it can be attached. A parallel cable from the C64 user
port to the PC printer port connects the two systems. Up to four C64's can
share a common PC and the PC's hard drive, CD ROM and other resources. A
shareware demo version is available which is limited to read only from the
PC. Demo files are included. Cables, shareware and key-files are available.

( 7 ) geoCom
geoCom is a programming language for GEOS 64 and GEOS 128 on 40 & 80 column
displays. This versatile, full featured program allows the user to write
their own software in a GEOS environment. Requires GEOS 2.0 or higher,
geoWrite 2.0 or higher, and assembler (MegAssembler or geoProgrammer).
Required hardware: C64 or C128, 5 1/4 inch CBM compatible disk drive, input
device (joystick or mouse) amd TV or monitor. Recommended hardware: GEOS
compatible REU (BBGRam, RAMDrive, CBM REU). Manual is included and is very
complete. Too many features to list. Call for more information.

( 8 ) CommPort
CommPort is a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter serial cartridge
for the C64 and C128. This device is the size of a standard cartridge that
plugs directly in the expansion slot of your computer. Also works with
multiple card expanders. Works with REU's as well as most RAM expansion
units including the 17XX series, RAMDrive, BBGRam, and GeoRam. The back of
the cartridge terminates to a DB-9 female connector via a cable (sold
seperately) to an external high speed modem or another computer with the use
of a null modem. Speeds up to 38,400 baud are possible. The cartridge can be
reconfigured to use either NMI or IRQ interrupts as well as a setting for
the decoder to acknowledge the cartridge at either $DE00 or $DF00. At $DE00,
there are 64 mirror images of the cartridge registers which is similar in
function to SwiftLink (TM) by Creative Micro Designs. At $DF00, the I/O
mirror images are limited to just 4 which allows the use of other hardware
in the $DF00 control space. This feature is unique to the CommPort and
provides increased compatibility over competing cartridges.

( 9 ) Novaterm Cartridge (preliminary information - call for current status)
Novaterm 9.6 is a complete terminal emulation program on cartridge for the
C64. Novaterm has several features such as 80 column ANSI on a stock C64,
and compatibility with CommPort, RAMDrive, BBGRam, and many other hardware
devices. Just connect a BBGRam, and Novaterm can use it as a "buffer" for
storing text or as a "virtual disk" for quickly and easily downloading
files. Definately the perfect setup for Internet usage. And since Novaterm
is in cartridge form, the program loads in seconds, not minutes. Novaterm
9.6 is the latest version programmed by NICK ROSSI. Includes autoboot
switch.

( 10 ) Address Fixer
Extremely easy to use. Fits in-line with a SwiftLink. Allows the SwiftLink
to be compatible with more hardware such as memory expanders (i.e.: BBGRam,
RAMDrive, etc.).

( 11 ) CommPactor (Multi-Slot expansion bus)
This is a compact expansion board which allows more hardware to fit in less
space. Devices plugged into this unit lay flat away from the computer and
are stackable. Comes in various models that are made specifically for your
hardware or to fit the dimensions of your hardware perfectly. Being
dimensionally correct allows hardware to fit in a comapact package
horizontally on the desk. This is a result of years of listening to customer
comments on how they thought an expansion board should be.

( 12 ) geoFAX
geoFAX is the first program of it's kind for the Commodore 64 or 128. You
now have the capability to exchange a fax document over the telephone lines
with a facsimile machine or even another computer running it's own version
of FAX software. With geoFAX, you can send a GeoPaint file to a remote fax
machine. An incoming fax must be saved as a geoFAX document, and then if
desired, converted to GeoPaint after the transmission is complete. geoFAX
can print a fax document for you as long as your printer supports a higher
resolution than the fax document. The fax document will have a resolution of
204 dots per inch horizontally and 196 dots per inch vertically.

-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-
    Performance Peripherals
     Ordering Information
      (tel:1-800-EASYWEB)
-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-

We are so confident that you will enjoy these products that we offer a
limited 30 day money back guarantee on the RAMDrive, BBGRam, BBRTC, BBU,and
64Net cable. Shipping not refundable. Software can only be
exchanged.Products returned for a refund must be undamaged. PPI reserves the
rightto charge a 15% restocking fee.

For mail in orders:

 Performance Peripherals, Inc.
    321 Washington Avenue
      Albany, NY 12206

PPI Telephone Numbers:
 Orders Only: 800-EASY-WEB
             (800-327-9932)

Tech. Help & FAX: 518-436-0485


-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-
 Performance Peripherals Product
    (Current as of 11/14/95)
-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-
                  Reg.   Quantity
Product          Price  Price (2+)
-------          -----------------
BBRTC           $24.97    $19.95
BBU             $61.97    $39.90
RAMDrive 1Meg  $249.00   $219.00
RAMDrive 2Meg  $289.00   $249.00
BBGRam 512k     $92.97    $85.90
BBGRam 1Meg    $123.97   $109.90
BBGRam 2Meg    $165.97   $136.90
FLASH8          CALL      CALL
64NET Beta Key  CALL      CALL
64NET Cable     $19.00    $14.90
64NET Shareware  $5.00     $5.00
geoCom V1.5     $49.95    $49.95
CommPort        $34.95    $29.70
NovaROM         CALL      CALL
Address Fixer   $19.95    $14.60
CommPactor      $29.95    $23.40
geoFAX          $39.95    $39.95


Shipping and Handling:
For 64NET cable, FLASH8, RAMDrive, BBGRam, and BBU, add: $6.00 for
U.S.,$10.00 for Canada, and $19.00 for all other destinations. For BBRTC
add:$3.00 for U.S., $5.00 for Canada, and $10.00 for all other
destinations.C.O.D. for U.S.A. only, add $5.00 additional. All orders must
be paid in U.S. funds.
-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-#: 16162 S11/Strategy & Puzzles
    09-Oct-88  21:18:46
Sb: Campaign Manager
Fm: Todd Heimarck/Sysop 76703,3051
To: All

I've had at least one request for instructions for the game Campaign Manager,
which is in LIB 11.
   The first rule is that you do everything from the menus.  When I wrote the
game (1983-1984), the Macintosh was new and I liked the idea of doing
everything from menus.  Move the pointer up and down with the joystick or use
the I,J,K,L keys (I and K are up and down).
   When the game starts, choose one party (Democrats or Republicans) to go
first.  Also choose the incumbent (or no incumbent).
   Next, you get five candidates.  Pick the best one.  Just under the map, you
see the home state.  On the left are character traits: CHARisma, STAMina,
INTeLligence, EXPeRience, and APPeaL.  These numbers are extremely important. 
The higher the better.  Charisma and Intelligence affect your campaigning. 
There are a bunch of formulas within the program that give you more effective
TV ads, etc. based on these numbers.
   On the right are the candidate's stands on issues, like agriculture,
education, defense, etc.  The thing to	emember is that a stand marked to the
left is a left-wing stand.  The right is right-wing.
   The issues are slightly less important.  Every state has its own view and if
you match on issues, you get a few extra points.
   Look at all 5 candidates by double-clicking on NO until you've seen who they
are.  Then pick one by pressing the fire button twice on YES. Then you type the
name of your candidate.
   The campaign lasts for 9 weeks of 7 days.  You plan your itinerary by moving
around the menus.  You can	ampaign in a state, run TV ads (in the last region
you visited), raise money, or rest.
    If your money drops to zero, your campaigning and TV ads don't count. If
your health drops to zero, same thing.  You MUST spend time to raise money and
to rest.  Traveling to another region also costs money.  You can go to the map
(MAP) or conduct a regional poll (POLL), too.
    At the end of 9 weeks, the election occurs and one player wins.
    ToddH


 
AT LAST! AN EASY WAY TO PRINT QUOTE MARKS IN YOUR LETTERS! HERE'S HOW:
WRITE YOUR LETTER/DOCUMENT USING THE +4 WORD PROCESSOR, SUBSTITUTING A
SYMBOL OF YOUR CHOICE (SUCH AS @, #, /, ETC.) WHEREVER YOU WANT A " MARK.
ONCE YOUR FINAL DRAFT IS SAVED TO DISK, USE "P/4 UTILITY" TO CREATE AN ASCII
FILE CONTAINING YOUR DOCUMENT. THEN, PRINT THAT ASCII FILE USING "PRFILE."
LIKE MAGIC, ALL THE QUOTE MARKS YOU WANT WILL BE PRINTED!
 
IF YOU DON'T HAVE A COPY OF P/4 UTILITY, YOU CAN CURRENTLY FIND IT
ON COMPUSERVE, WHERE IT HAS BEEN KINDLY UPLOADED BY ITS AUTHOR, DENNIS
LARSON.(GO CBMPRG, DATA LIBRARY 14, FILE NAME P4UTLY.BIN)
 
COMMENTS: PRFILE IS WRITTEN TO MAKE SUBSTITUTIONS WHEN PRINTING TEXT
ONLY. IT WILL PRINT AN ASCII CODE DUMP OF A FILE ACCURATELY, WITH NO
SUBSTITUTIONS. THIS PROGRAM WAS DEVELOPED FOR USE WITH A CARDCO INTER-
FACE AND A TP-I PRINTER. PLEASE CHANGE SECONDARY ADDRESSES IN OPEN
STATEMENTS, ETC. AS NEEDED FOR YOUR EQUIPMENT AND BE SURE TO DELETE
ALL REVERSE VIDEO COMMANDS IN THE TEXTFILE, AS THEY WON'T WORK HERE.
BRIEF PAUSES ARE NORMAL DURING PRINTING. "PRFILE" CAN BE USED TO PRINT
ASCII TEXTFILES FROM OTHER SOURCES, TO	 TO PRINT A FILE "AS IS," JUST
HIT THE RETURN KEY WHEN PROMPTED FOR YOUR QUOTE SYMBOL. PROGRAM NOTES:
THE VARIABLE N ALLOWS UP TO 15 THREE DIGIT NUMBERS PER LINE DURING ASCII
DUMPS AND THE DUMMY STATEMENT PROVIDES NEEDED CHANNEL CLEARING TIME
BETWEEN THE PRINT#1 AND GET#5 OPERATIONS. THE STOP KEY IS SUPPORTED
AND WILL SMOOTHLY CLOSE OUT AND STOP THE JOB IN PROGRESS. USER-FRIENDLY
DISK ERROR AND STATUS MESSAGES ARE ALSO SUPPORTED.
 
HAPPY PRINTING!
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
     .Doc and notes on PTE ][e. 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
     As I have have heard and examined, the PRINT routines of the PTE ][ are quite bug-infested.  Most attempts at receiving quality print with the WORD WRAP option were befuddled.  It is with your nasty words at heart that I set out and conquered all bugs within the PTE][.  Now, print desired to be formatted will come out vastly differnet than before;  lines will be word wrapped properly and pagination after 60 lines will occur !!! (Even with sigle or triple spacing!)  PTE ][e (e for error-be-gone) is the culmination of a days work onthe subject of in-home extermination. 
     The use of PTE ][e is identical to that of the PTE ][.  Now, word wrap will work fine on output to printers, and pagination will occur after 60 lines of print (30 double-spaced, 20 triple-spaced, etc.).  Page length is set at 66 lines.  Below are locations you can change to tailor make your own PTE ][e, with no need to re-run a long BASIC program.  I didn't include a setting to alter page length as I figured most people's paper is 66 lines long.  If this happens to be a grossly inaccurate thought then send a letter bomb promptly via EMAIL. 
     Other than a couple of other minor buglets, PTE][ is the same piece of $%X&!!X&! that it always has been.  PTE ]I[, the next generation word processor should be ready any week now.  Command requests are still being honored via SIG messages and EMAIL, so if you want a feature in an imbedded command word processor, that you feel yours is missing, let me know (soon, please) !  Other than that here are the POKE locations for you weirdo RS-232 and assorted users out there. 
 
 ----------   ----    --  --   ------ 
 ---    ---  --  --   -- --    --- 
 ---    ---  --  --   ----     ---       ---------   --  --   ---      ------ 
 -------     --  --   ----     -----     -----       --  --   -- --    ---       ---         --  --   -- --    --        --          --  --   --  --   --        --          ------   --  ---  ------    -            ----    --  ---  -----     
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 Poke table for YOUR PERSONAL settings 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
Location  DEE-fault  Description 
--------  ---------  ----------- 
 7610        80      # printer columns 
 7611        2       line spacing with 
 7614        7       printer sec addr. 
 7615        4       printer device # 
 7616        8       disk device # 
 7617        13      1st char to print 
 7618        17      2nd char to print 
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
         Final Processed Words 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
     Make sure that you SAVE a copy of PTE ][e with your own settings BEFORE actually RUNning it.  Otherwise, important pointers to your BASIC program will get botched up and the SAVE will probably fail. 
     Another thought.  Please leave a space between any characters and the RETURN marker if you intend to print out the buffer using WORD WRAP.  In other words, if you end a paragraph with a period, don't just hit RETURN if you intend to print it out using the PTE's Word Wrap option.  Instead leave a space, then type RETURN.  Sorry for any incov this may cause you.  If it really bothers you, lemme know, and I'll try to find a fix. 
     Last thing.  I use the a relocated PTE ][e up at $c000 as an editor for the CBM Assembler.  It probably isn't as good as the one that comes with it, but it sure makes the PTE ][ seem almost useful.  Try it, you'll like it. 
 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
           PTE ][ / PTE ][e 
         (c) 1984 PL & IdE Ltd. 
       One or two rights reserved 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
           Watch for PTE /// 
              coming SOON  
           to a SIG near you. 
         (hold the boo's please) 
 

The "C1" Protocol
-----------------

The "C1" description is exceedingly long, so it has been broken up into 11
more easily digestible sections. If you haven't read any of this before,
please read them ALL, in order.

Topic                            Section
-----                            -------
Inception & Concepts ........... C1-1
A Simple Conversation .......... C1-2
Communication Codes & Checksums. C1-3
Statement and Listen Loops ..... C1-4
Synchonization Lock ............ C1-5
Block Structure ................ C1-6
Varying Block Size ............. C1-7
Communication Syntax ........... C1-8
Syntax Description ............. C1-9
The "Endoff" Situation ......... C1-10
Transfering File Type .......... C1-11


Section C1-1
------------

Inception
---------
During the summer of 1981, when I first got the idea of putting up a BBS, I
started work on a simple protocol for transfering programs to and from the
BBS. This protocol was similar in structure to XMODEM, and had about the same
reliability. Under good line conditions, it would give error free transfers
(this was to be expected). Under moderate noise conditions, the protocol would
hold up, and would still give error free transmissions. It was under poor line
conditions that it, and XMODEM, would fall apart.

In the summer of 1984, I started work on a very ambitious project; to produce
a protocol that was both fast, and extremely reliable, even under the worst of
line conditions. From this work came the "C1" protocol; not a simple
block/checksum affair, but a complete communication system for the computer.

Be warned, therefore, that understanding the ins and outs of "C1" will not be
easy, but with enough patience, there's no reason why even the least skilled
programmer cannot be comfortable with it.

Concepts
--------
The concept behind the "C1" protocol was simple; to allow two computers to
"talk" with one another (while transferring data) in such a way that nothing
short of a complete distortion of the transmission line could result in a
misunderstanding. If this concept could be realized, then files could be
transferred between computers without fear of line noise causing a breakdown
in the protocol, or that the received data would differ, in any way, from that
which was sent. Nothing is perfect though, and I don't, for a minute, claim
that "C1" is completely infallible, but I can say, with reasonable comfort,
that "C1" can deliver bad line accuracy not found in any other microcomputer
transfer protocols. For this accuracy though, there is a price to pay, and it
is complexity; the protocol is extremely difficult to duplicate without a
complete and utter understanding of the intricate workings of "C1". This
document will attempt to give you that required understanding.



Section C1-2
------------

A Simple Conversation
---------------------
In first deciding how the protocol would function, I thought of how two people
could carry on a conversation under high noise conditions, where
misunderstanding would be the norm. The senario I'm going to give differs from
the protocol in that the people talking have no way of verifying the accuracy
of what they believe they have heard. What it is meant to demonstrate is how
the the two computers "talk" with one another, and discuss the neccessary
repetition, or non-repetition, of each block of data (the cornerstone of a
checksum based transfer protocol).

Ken and John are attempting to assemble a machine in the middle of a very
noisy machine shop. Ken reads the instructions to John, who carries them out.
Even at close proximity, the two have difficulty hearing one another, so they
adopt of form banter which allows each instuction to be verified and
acknowledged. Here is how the conversation might go:

John: Put part "A" in hole "D".

Ken: Understood, putting part "A" in hole "D".

John: Acknowledged, let me know when you are ready for the next instruction.

Ken: Go ahead, what do I do next?

John: Put screw "E" through slot "T".

Ken: I didn't understand that, could you please repeat.

John: Oh, ok, tell me when you're ready for that instruction again.

Ken: Ready now.

The conversation continues on in this fashion, guaranteeing that both John and
Ken are fully aware of what the other is doing. In real life, people wouldn't
have the patience to keep up that sort of banter, but that's why they make
more mistakes than a computer. It is just this sort of "conversation" that the
two computers have between each other, only the language is different; the
instruction is replaced by the block of data, and all other statements by
special codes.




Section C1-3
------------

Communication Codes
-------------------
One of the areas where simple protocols fall apart is in the transmission of
"handshaking codes". It's called handshaking because is implies that the two
computers are having a dialogue, rather than a monologue. These other
protocols rely on single byte (8 bit) words for their communication codes, and
that could spell trouble, since the likelihood of any one 8 bit code being
transposed into another is greater than for multiple byte codes. For this
reason, "C1" uses 3 byte (24 bit) codes which are sufficiently different that
the likelihood of a transposition is extremely low. Not only that, but as you
will soon learn, the method of receiving 3 byte codes is designed such that if
there is sufficient line noise to make the neccessary transpositions, there
would most likely be extra characters sent; "C1" can avoid this situation.

Five distinct codes are used in the protocol; "GOO", "BAD", "ACK", "S/B", and
"SYN". Each has it's own meaning, just like any English word, and all are used
in a specific sequence such that synchronization difficulties would be
automatically identified and corrected.

Checksums
---------
When a block of data is sent, we must have a way of determining if it is
correctly received or not. This is accomplished by using what is known as a
checksum. Quite simply, a checksum is a number which is mathematically derived
from all the bytes within the block. The receiving computer recalculates the
sum and compares it with the sum it received along with the block.
Theoretically, any fault in the transmitted data will result in the two
checksums not matching; but that's theory. In reality, the accuracy of the
checksum is based on the type of mathematical operation used to calculate it,
and what kind of noise it encounters.

The simplest way to create a checksum is to add up all the ASCII values of the
bytes contained in the block. This is fine for many types of errors, but not
the type which inverts a particular bit. Should two identical inversions occur
on two opposite bits, the sum will remain the same. For example, take the
following two bytes:

     11010011 = 211
Plus 01101101 = 109
     --------   ---
                320

Now assume that the forth bit from the right of both of these bytes becomes
inverted by line noise:

     11011011 = 219
Plus 01100101 = 101
     --------   ---
                320

As you can see, the sum remains 320, even though line noise has made obvious
changes to the bytes. A better system is one called "Cyclic Redundancy", which
works on a somewhat different principle. The checksum is 16 bits long, and is
created in the following fashion; each byte from the block is Exclusive OR'ed
with the low order part of the checksum. The checksum is then ROTATED one bit
to the left, and the procedure repeated with the next byte.  Even this highly
superior method can be tripped up, so I have combined BOTH an additive
checksum and Cyclic Redundancy checksum to create one very hard to beat 32 bit
"super" checksum.



Section C1-4
------------

Listening For Code Words
------------------------
Although 3 byte code words are more reliable than 1 byte code words, nothing
is perfect. It was once said that if you let an infinite number of monkeys
bash away at typewriters for an infinite amount of time, one of them would
eventually type "To be or not to be, that is the question". Although this
stretches statistical probability to it's limit, this kind of thing can easily
happen on a smaller scale; the letters "GOO" could quite conceivably be
produced by purely random line noise.

To try and eliminate ALL possible errors isn't feasible, but "C1" makes an
attempt at trying to eliminate as many as possible. One reasonably probable
fact is that any noise capable of randomly producing "GOO", would not stop
there; more likely, it would produce a string of characters, something like
"HGOOEK". Were we to allow the protocol to listen exclusively for three letter
combinations, it would most assuredly pick out the "GOO" in that string.

My specifications for "C1" call for a code recognition routine which will ONLY
make code word comparisons on the LAST 3 RECEIVED bytes. This is accomplished
in my coding by going back and testing for further characters after I have
identified a three byte code word. Should another byte be present, the
identified code word is thrown away, and the search will continue.

Statement and Listen Loops
--------------------------
One immediate drawback to the system described above is that a REAL code word,
masked within some random noise, would be rejected by the receiving computer.
This would also be true of a code word simply damaged by noise (like "GOE").
For a protocol to be impervious to this sort of corruption, it must be capable
of restating code words over and over until the receiving computer can
understand, yet it must also have a way of knowing whether the receiving
computer got the code word or not. This was a fact that eluded me when I wrote
the original protocol. When we talk to other people, the cornerstone of
understanding is recognition. If we ask "What do you think?", yet get no
reply, we ask again. Only when we receive a reply from the person to whom we
are talking do we continue on with our next statement. It would be pointless
wasting our breath on someone who isn't listening.

Within "C1", communication between computers is handled through a similar
system which I call the "Statement and Listen Loop". It's quite simple really;
when one computer has to "say" something to the other, it does so, then waits
for a predetermined time for a known response. Should it fail to receive a
response within that period of time, the code word is said again, and the
computer listens for the reply. This continues until the required response is
heard. The system is further enhanced by the fact that both computers are
ALWAYS engaged in a "Statement and Listen Loop".



Section C1-5
------------

Synchronization Lock
--------------------
That rather ominous sounding title is actually rather simple; it refers to a
condition whereby the "Statement and Listen Loops" of each computer become
locked together. This is analogous to two people speaking at the same time,
over and over, such that no effective communication takes place. In order to
guarantee that the two computers never get into this state, the wait times of
the loops are altered slightly.

Assume that the fixed wait loop time was 0.5 seconds; this is called a "Short"
wait. We also have a "Long" wait, which would be slightly longer, say 0.6
seconds (actually, the delay within a "Statement and Listen Loop" is not
particually critical, but should be somewhere in the neighbourhood of one half
second). Each time the computer goes through an SLL, a counter would determine
which type of wait to use; Long or Short. The sequence is broken into three;
the transmitting computer will use a Long-Long-Short, while the receiving
computer will use a Short-Short-Long.



Section C1-6
------------

Block Structure
---------------
Each block of data contains somewhat more than just a collection of characters
taken from disk, it also contains a "header". The header is 7 bytes long, and
contains the following information:

Byte 1: Low part of ADDITIVE checksum
Byte 2: High part of ADDITIVE checksum
Byte 3: Low part of CLC checksum
Byte 4: High part of CLC checksum
Byte 5: Size of NEXT block
Byte 6: Low part of Block Number
Byte 7: High part of Block Number

As you remember from the section on "checksums", there are two distinctly
different, 16 bit (2 byte) checksums. One is an additive checksum, composed of
the mathematical sum of the ASCII values of all the DATA bytes (and bytes 5
through 7 of the header). The other checksum is calculated using Cyclic (CLC)
Redundancy (on the same bytes). These 32 checksum bits are placed in the first
4 bytes of the header.

The 5th byte is the length of the NEXT block. This may seem odd to some, but
consider the difficulties in sending the size of the current block in that
self same block. You need to know the block size to calculate the checksum,
but you can't know for sure that the block size is correct unless you have
verified the checksum. We call this a Catch-22. By sending the size of any
given block in the PREVIOUS block, the size is known for a fact BEFORE the
checksum is calculated.

In the 6th and 7th byte are the block number. This was added quite early on in
the development of "C1" under the assumption that it would be necessary (as it
is in XMODEM). As it turned out, "C1" uses a method of handshaking which makes
this unnecessary. None the less, my specifications call for it's inclusion, as
certain uses of the block number could be made. Also, the high order part of
the block number (byte 7 of the header) is used to flag the last block.



Section C1-7
------------

Varying Block Size
------------------
The reason that block size was included in the header was originally to allow
the last block only to vary in size (one can never guarantee that the amount
of data to be sent will divide nicely into a preset block size). It quickly
dawned on me that "C1" was set up in such a way that ANY block size could be
used for ANY block in the transmission. Varying block size has it's
advantages; under reasonably clean line conditions, large blocks transmit the
most data with the least handshaking (which is mildly time consuming). Smaller
blocks are superior under bad noise conditions, since smaller blocks run a
higher chance of making it through the noise unscathed; and should it still
fail to make it, less time is required to repeat a smaller block.

My current implementation of "C1" allows the user to pick a fixed block size
between 40 and 255 bytes, but in other implementations, there is no reason why
block size couldn't be varied DURING transmission to adapt to CHANGING line
conditions.

One final thing concerning block structure is how would one presume to know
the size of the FIRST BLOCK if that is revealed only in the block that came
before it (quite a paradox). "C1" requires that the first block contain ONLY a
header, which would make that block 7 bytes long. This header would do little
more than supply the receiving computer with the size of first REAL block.
Accuracy of this first "dummy" block is guaranteed since it must still pass
the checksum tests. You must make the block number for this dummy block "0".




Section C1-8
------------

Communication Syntax
--------------------
Now that you understand block structure, handshaking methods, and code word
vocabulary, it comes time to find out how this all comes together. Most
procotols have very simple handshaking between blocks which is easy to trip
up, given sufficiently noisy conditions. Usually, the transmitting computer
sends the block, then waits for a response from the receiving computer; either
"good" or "bad". The transmitting computer then proceeds to send the next
block (if "good") or resend the last block (if "bad"). This system falls apart
the moment the transmitting computer receives a false indication of "good" or
"bad" and goes on to transmit the wrong block (and whether the receiving
computer likes it or not, it has to tackle with another block). Should things
get out of sync, and the transmitting computer sends the next block when it
should have sent the last one again, XMODEM attempts to make corrections by
use of the block number encoded within each block.

"C1" does nothing so crude; it's very communication syntax guarantees that
neither computer will get out of phase with the other. Whereas XMODEM uses a
single statement monologue between each block, "C1" uses a multiple part
dialogue. This makes "C1" about 3% slower than XMODEM, but this small
trade-off in speed for accuracy will be well worth it the first time you run
into trouble with XMODEM.

XMODEM commincations would look something like this:

Xmit: Transmits Block
Rec : "Good"
Xmit: Transmits Next Block
Rec : "Bad"
Xmit: Transmits Same Block Again

In "C1", the transmission would look something like this:

Xmit: Transmits Block
Rec : "Good"
Xmit: Good block acknowledged
Rec : Send next block for me
Xmit: Transmits Next Block
Rec : "Bad"
Xmit: Bad block acknowledged
Rec : Send that block again
Xmit: Transmits Same Block Again

In this type of transmission dialogue, neither computer can get out of sync,
since should it receive the opposite response than it expects, it goes back to
give the correct code word for the response it DID RECEIVE, thus regaining
proper synchronization. Couple this with the "Statement and Listen Loops", and
you can readily see than communication would be hard to break down.




Section C1-9
------------

Syntax Description
------------------
The following diagram should give you an understanding of the flow of
information between blocks:

For a Good Block:

Xmit: [Block]   "ACK"   [Next Block]
Rec :       "GOO"   "S/B"

For a Bad Block:

Xmit: [Block]   "ACK"   [Same Block]
Rec :       "BAD"   "S/B"

Actually, the two are identical; the only difference is the substitution of
either "GOO" or "BAD" as the response to the received block. Immediately after
receiving the block, the receiving computer recalculats the checksum to
determine validity of the data. In the meantime, the transmitting computer
starts to wait for a "GOO" or "BAD" signal. Since it can "say" nothing until
it receives one of these codes, it merely waits. That may sound suspiciously
like a good place to "hang up" the protocol, but the receiving end is
eventually going to finish receiving the block, either because it timed out
waiting, or it finished collecting the correct number of bytes from the
transmitting computer.

At that time, the receiving computer sends the appropriate code word ("GOO" or
"BAD") and begins to wait for an acknowledgement ("ACK"). If it doesn't
receive the "ACK" in about one half second, it sends the "GOO" or "BAD" code
word once again. Meanwhile, the transmitting computer has been patiently
awaiting the reception of the "GOO" or "BAD" code. Once it receives it, it
transmits an "ACK" and starts to wait for an "send block" signal ("S/B"). If
it doesn't get the "S/B" within about one half second, it sends "ACK" again.

Back at the receiving computer, which is waiting for this "ACK" signal, it
receives it and sends the "S/B" signal and begins to wait for the block.
Should it receive an "ACK" while waiting for the block, or receives nothing at
all for approximately .5 seconds, it assumes that the transmitting computer
hasn't heard the "S/B" and transmits it again. In the meantime, the
transmitting computer is waiting for the "S/B", and upon reception, starts
sending the block. The process has now started all over again.

A quick analysis of this system will reveal that it's damned near impossible
to get any type of noise which could possibly mimick the code sequences
required. Also, no noise could stop the eventual completion of the above
sequence, since each computer is aways "sending and waiting". If two people
keep repeating their sentences over and over, and continue to listen to the
other person, even a noisy room couldn't stop them from hearing one another
EVENTUALLY. Of course, some line noise is just so horrendous, that even this
method of communication could fail. Then again, this type of noise would make
it damned near impossible for the user to be online in the first place, so it
can be considered an unlikely event. But, should one of the computers go
offline for any reason, we wouldn't want the other computer to keep looping
and looping until it died of old age.

Although I haven't built in such protection into the terminal program I
distribute in the public domain, my BBS program does have abortion code.
Should the protocol on the BBS have to go through the "Statement and Listen
Loop" more than 24 times in row (which is hightly unlikely if the other
computer is still online), it will abort the transfer. Similar code could be
used in your implementation.




Section C1-10
-------------

The End-Off Situation
---------------------
When the final block is transmitted, the high order part of the block number
should be made HEX "FF" (255 decimal). This will inform the receiving computer
that this is the last block of data, and to expect no more. The question now
arises; how can both computers be 100% sure that the other is fully aware of
the file completion? A fair question, but not one with a simple answer.

When the transmitting computer receives the "GOO" for the last block, it can
be fairly certain that the receiving computer has received the final block,
but it must inform the receiving computer that it knows this. It does so by
sending an "ACK", but cannot be sure the receiving computer has received the
"ACK" unless it gets the "S/B" signal back. Now, the transmitting computer
must acknowledge the reception of the "S/B", but under the normal
communications syntax, it would now have send a block. This is where the
"End-Off" syntax comes into play; after receiving the "S/B", the transmitting
computer sends back a "SYN" signal. In response to that receiving computer
sends it's own "S/B" signal, then waits for the final "S/B" from the
transmitting computer. Since it will not be responding to this code, it simply
goes into a wait cycle for approximately 5 seconds.

If it does get the "S/B" within that 5 seconds, it ends immediately, but
otherwise doesn't really care if it receives the code or not since at this
stage, there is a 100% assurance of both computers knowing things are Ok. The
transmitting computer need only send three copies of the "S/B" code at this
point, since, as stated above, there is full assurance that both computers are
finished. NOTE that the code words chosen for the End-Off situation are not
necessarily related to their appearant function.



Section C1-11
-------------

Transfering File Type
---------------------
When transfering files from one computer to another it is often necessary to
also transfer the file type, but this must be known BEFORE the file is opened,
and, therefore, before the protocol begins. "C1" does not impose any strict
rules on what sort of information you transfer about the files, if any, but
when writing a terminal program to communicate with one of my bulletin boards,
the following should be done:

Using a full implementation of the "C1" procotol (first dummy block, data
block, and End-Off), transmit a single byte of data corresponding to the
following file types:

1 = Program File
2 = SEQ File
3 = WordPro File

Transmitting this single piece of data would require that TWO blocks be sent;
the initial dummy block to set up the size of the first data block (of which
there will be only one, size 8), and the data block itself, consisting of 7
header bytes and the single file type byte. For other applications, one could
conceivable transfer much more information, including file name, file type,
computer type, etc. It could even be possible to transfer multiple files,
specifying the number and name of each file in this first transmission.
Alternately, no one said you HAVE to use this first separate transmission; if
no information other the file needs to be transmitted, you just send the file
and nothing more.
This is just a simple "Did You Know?" type of file which points to the
whereabouts of the latest version of the shareware Punter BBS software
here on CompuServe. An address to write to, to get the stuff by snail
mail is also provided.

The Punter BBS software, originally developed for the PET back in the
early 1980s and more recently ported to BBS64 and thence to MS-DOS computers
with their cheaper mass-storage, currently runs on any XT box or better,
with a 286 plus 40 Mb HD being likely the best combination. The system
runs more slowly (still good for some apps like teaching) on XT's but
it is still quite workable.

Minimum system requirements:

 - 100% IBM-compatible box
 - 540k RAM available
 - 13 Mb hard disk space available

Above requirements are for the most-recent version (summer 1994 is the
version most commonly used although there was an autumn '94 fix provided.)
An early (summer 1990) version is much smaller in my opinion (see below).

The software comes in 5 main files, all ZIPPED. The counts are 91k approx
for the first file, an installation module, and the other four files average
900k. The files are posted in Library 1 "BBS Programs" of the PCBBS Forum
product (GO IBMBBS) but as this is not a small download, a good option for
8-bit users may be snail mail. You can get the files from Steve Punter or
from many BBS's and ftp sites... if you order by mail from TNSS, Node 9
on PunterNet, I'll ship 5 disks at cost ($20 includes postage, shipping
and handling) and I'll include highlights from Conference 64 in a nifty
SAMPLE BULLETINS SET found in no other BBS platform. To reference the
samples, see the file PCPNANO.TXT in Lib 1 of the PCBBS Forum as this
is an annotated index to the files... to look over the Punter situation
in general, check out PCPNIM.ZIP in the forum. That one is a typeset
installation guide -- printable with WordPerfect 5.1 or MS Word etc.

There's a whole lot that can be said about the PunterNet model for small,
local echoes vs. something like FidoNet... the main benefits here are:

 
- cost: PN runs on any box. Shareware, self-installing. NOTHING ELSE TO BUY.
  In the current version, the initial download may be drawn from a snail-
  mailed disk, something like the Lotus Notes Network! This is a very pro-
  gressive feature, not found elsewhere
 
- very nicely typeset manual continues to be freeware (a tradition since
  1984 and the launch of the original BBS64 product)
 
- true WAN. Although echoes are slow these days the hyper-linked aspect
  of Conferences 64 and 128 on PunterNet means users may call ANY partici-
  pating node to follow along on any discussion
 
- tailor your screens: 38 columns or any other width, ANSI on/off,
  GUI-like pull-down menus and dialog boxes on/off, full masking of
  available categories and echoes to suit taste
 
- time and date stamps (native to MS-DOS) allow for thousands of more
  files on a BBS than the arbitrary limits imposed by the 1541, 1581, and
  "8000" series drives. Moreover the stamps allow automated **incremental
  backups** where you sift through possibly thousands of files, backing up
  only those which have been altered. In the BBS64 environment (probably
  the largest-ever, North America-wide pool of Commodore systems) you had
  only the BAckup command which essentially copied EVERYTHING, EVERY time
 
PunterNet is an outgrowth of BBS64 and retains all the C-64 goodies like
color mail, single-key hot controls, Punter protocols etc. ANSI-formatting
and indents make it *much* easier to publish formatted-on-the-fly,
byte-fought
renditions of FAQ files and so on... that is to say, the PCPN software saves
8-bit users enormous amounts of disk space and I daresay, time and money.
 
Hope the above was of interest and I just typed it in here "on the fly"
as a result of looking at Jim Brain's excellent new FAQ. I also sent some of
it to Jim... if you write to me to order the software/disks please make a
check or money order out to me, "Roman Kowalczuk". Thanks.
 
Cheers, Roman
 
Roman Kowalczuk
Box 6238
Station "A"
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
M5W 1P6
 
P.S. Earliest print reference for the above is BYTE mag, June 1985 issue p.58

P.P.S. I almost forgot, PRICE! Like I said, I'm typing on the fly. At the
moment the cost to REGISTER your copy of PC-PunterNet is $100. I'd personally
like to get this amount down to like, $5 per, but that's my opinion.
Registration gets you technical support and so on, printed docs, plus the
software secret "key" which opens the network gateway from your computer
to the rest of the participating nodes, across North America.

Note that the basic software, with all docs and tutorials on-line, will
run just fine in local mode without even a modem. Part of the purpose of
my sample bulletins set is to offer a glimpse of what the echoes look
like, without the need to register.

End of file.
***********************************
*                                 *
*        QBF File Translator      *
*                                 *
*               By                *
*                                 *
*            Ken Kehl             *
*                                 *
***********************************

****** For The Commodore 64 *******

I developed this program so that
owners of the Quick Brown Fox (tm)
word processor could create text
files in a format compatible with
VIDTEX Terminal Software, the SIG
Bulletin boards, and the SIG Databases.
    Files translated by this program 
can be left in ASCII for use as
messages on the SIG BB,or changed to
PETSCII, ready for uploading to the
SIG databases.

*       *** DIRECTIONS ***        *

1:Type the file using Quick Brown Fox.
This utility recognizes the QBF
paragraphing command (# followed
by p) and will force a new line
at each occurence of that command.
It will not indent, however, so put
spaces in if you want them.
(these spaces won't affect the
indentations QBF inserts, so VIEW
mode will look normal!)This is very
handy for formatting BB messages.
Carriage retu	s may be used to
format, although you may wish to
let this program insert them 
automatically. (esp. for BB messages)

2:Reset the computer, load this
program, and RUN

3:At QBF Filename: input the name
of the file generated by QBF.

4:At TRANSLATE TO PETSCII? Y or N,
depending on the ultimate use
of the file.

5:At INSERT CARRIAGE RETURNS? Y 
will insert them every 79 characters
if you are leaving the file in ASCII
(see 4: above) or every 39 characters
if you opted for translation to
PETSCII. N will leav	the file as you
typed it. If you are preparing a SIG BB
message, there may be no more than
79 characters between returns, or
the META-Y send will abort. I always
prepare SIG BB messages without
carriage returns, and let this 
program insert them for me.

6:Disks can be switched at this point
if desired.

7:At VIDTEX FILENAME: type the name
you want the new file to have.

8:The SEQ file will now be written,
and if in ASCII, can be loaded into
the VIDTEX buffer with a META-L for a
META-Y send, or if in PETS	I, can be
UPLoaded to a database from disk.

**********************************
   I would like to thank SYSOPS
Joel Rubin, and deb! for all of
their advice given during this project.
    If any users of this program
have comments or questions, feel
free to contact me weekends on
the CBM SIGS.
                  Ken Kehl
                  70616,226

****************** QTERM.DOC ***************************************
THIS IS THE DOC FILE FOR QTERM.BAS WHICH IS IN ASCII TEXT FORMAT.
FIRST LET ME GIVE CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE. I DID NOT WRITE THIS 
PROGRAM. I ONLY MODIFIED IT TO WORK FASTER, THE PROGRAM I WAS WORKING FROM
WAS CALLED PRINT.TERM. PLEASE LOOK UNDER XA-8 FOR THE FILE OF THIS NAME.
THE ORGINAL PROGRAM USED AN ARRAY TO TRANSLATE THE COMMODORE'S STRANGE
FORM OF THE ASCII CODE INTO PROPER ASCII AND VICE VERSA. I USED PEEKS AND POKES
TO DO THE SAME THING AS IT RUNS MUCH FASTER.
                                ====

IF YOU TAKE A LOOK AT THE LISTING OF QTERM, YOU WILL SEE SEVERAL IF THEN 
STATEMENTS, THESE WILL ALLOW YOU TO USE THE FUNCTION KEYS EFFECTLY. 
HERE IS A LIST OF THE FUNCTION KEYS AS I HAVE THEM DEFINED.
F1 ^C (CONTROL C)
F2 ^S
FE ^Q
F4 ^O

F5 USER ID
F6 PASSWORD (IN THE PROGRAM YOU WILL SEE A PASSWORD, NEVER FEAR IT WILL NOT WORK.
F7 USER OPTION
YOU CAN EASILY CHANGE THESE TO SUIT YOUR OWN SYSTEM AND PURPOSES



BEFORE I GO ON, LET ME WARN YOU THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO WORK ON A SYSTEM 
WITH 8K EXPANSION. YOU SHOULD CHANGE THE VARIABLE "MT" FOR LARGER OR SM	LER
SYSTEMS.

I WILL BE WORKING ON A VERSION WITH UPLOAD AND DOWNLOAD INCLUDED IN THE FUTURE.
GOOD LUCK AND PLEASE SEND ANY SUGGESTIONS TO 72335,1462.
PLEASE KEEP ALL COMPLAINTS CIVIL.
BEST REGARDS TO ALL
DAVE. B.
   C128 BASIC 7.0 QUICK REFERENCE LIST AND OTHER C128 INFO

Note:Consult the C128 System Guide for detailed descriptions of these
     commands/functions and the proper format to use them.


Disk/Tape/Printer Commands
--------------------------

APPEND          APPEND #logical file number,"filename",Drive number 
                <ON,>Udevice 
BACKUP          BACKUP source Ddrive number TO destination Ddrive number
                <ON,>Udevice 
BLOAD           BLOAD "filename",Ddrive number ,Udevice number 
                ,Bbank number ,Pstart address 
BOOT            BOOT "filename",Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice 
BSAVE           BSAVE "filename",Ddrive number ,Udevice number 
                ,Bbank number ,Pstart address TO Pend address
CATALOG         CATALOG Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice number ,wildcard string 
CLOSE           CLOSE file number
CMD             CMD logical file number,write list 
COLLECT         COLLECT Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice 
CONCAT          CONCAT "file 2",Ddrive number TO"file 1",Ddrive number 
                <ON,>Udevice 
COPY            COPY "source filename",Ddrive number TO"destination filename"
                ,Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice 
DCLEAR          DCLEAR Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice 
DCLOSE          DCLOSE #logical file number <ON,Udevice 
DIRECTORY       DIRECTORY Ddrive number ,<ON,>Udevice ,wildcard 
DLOAD           DLOAD "filename",Ddrive number ,Udevice number 
DOPEN           DOPEN #logical file number,"filename,<S/P> ",Lrecord
                length ,Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice number ,w 
DSAVE           DSAVE "filename",Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice number 
DVERIFY         DVERIFY "filename",Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice number 
GET#            GET# file number,variable list
HEADER          HEADER "diskname",i.d. ,Ddrive number <ON,>Udevice number 
INPUT#          INPUT# file number,variable list
LOAD            LOAD "filename",device number ,relocate flag 
OPEN            OPEN logical file number,device number,secondary address 
                ,"filename,filetype,mode" /,cmd string >
PRINT#          PRINT# file number,print list
RECORD          RECORD# logical file number,record number,byte number 
RENAME          RENAME "old filename"TO"new filename",Ddrive number 
                ,Udevice number 
SAVE            SAVE "filename" ,device number ,EOT flag 
SCRATCH         SCRATCH "filename",Ddrive number ,Udevice number 
VERIFY          VERIFY "filename",device number ,relocate flag 


Graphics Commands
-----------------

BOX             BOX color source ,X1,Y1,X2,Y2 ,angle ,paint 
CHAR            CHAR color source ,x,y,string ,RVS 
CIRCLE          CIRCLE color source ,X,Y,Xr ,Yr ,sa ,ea ,angle ,inc 
COLLISION       COLLISION type,statement 
COLOR           COLOR source number,color number
DRAW            DRAW color source ,X1,Y1TO X2,Y2 ...
GRAPHIC         GRAPHIC mode,clear ,s 
                GRAPHIC CLR
LOCATE          LOCATE x,y
MOVSPR          MOVSPR number,x,y
                MOVSPR number +/- x, +/- y
                MOVSPR number,x;y
                MOVSPR number,x angle #y speed
PAINT           PAINT color source ,x,y,mode 
SCALE           SCALE n,xmax,ymax 
SCNCLR          SCNCLR mode number
SPRCOLOR        SPRCOLOR smcr-1 ,smcr-2 
SPRDEF          SPRDEF
SPRITE          SPRITE
<number>,on/off ,fgnd ,priority ,x-exp ,y-exp ,mode 
SPRSAV          SPRSAV <origin>,<destination>
SSHAPE/GSHAPE   SSHAPE string variable,X1,Y1,X2,Y2 
                GSHAPE string variableX,Y ,mode 
WIDTH           WIDTH n
WINDOW          WINDOW top left col,top left row,bot right col,bot right row
                ,clear 


Music/Sound Commands
--------------------

ENVELOPE        ENVELOPE n,,atk ,dec ,sus ,rel ,wf ,pw 
FILTER          FILTER freq ,lp ,bp ,hp ,res 
PLAY            PLAY "Vn,On,Tn,Un,Xn,elements"
SOUND           SOUND v,f,d,dir ,m ,s ,w ,p 
TEMPO           TEMPO n
VOL             VOL volume level


Machine Language Commands
-------------------------

BANK            BANK bank number
FETCH           FETCH #bytes,insta,expb,expsa
MONITOR         MONITOR
POKE            POKE address,value
STASH           STASH #bytes,insta,expb,expsa
SWAP            SWAP #bytes,insta,expb,expsa
SYS             SYS address,a ,x ,y ,s 
WAIT            WAIT <Location>,<mask-1>,mask-2> 


Text Screen Commands
--------------------

PRINT           PRINT print list 
PRINT USING     PRINT #filenumber  USING "format list";print list
PUDEF           PUDEF "nnnn"


Decision-Making Commands
------------------------

BEGIN/BEND      IF condition THEN BEGIN:statement
                statement
                statement BEND:ELSE BEGIN
                statement
                statement BEND
DO/LOOP/WHILE/  DO UNTIL condition/WHILE condition statementsEXIT 
UNTIL/EXIT      LOOPUNTIL condition/WHILE condition 
FOR/TO/STEP/    FOR variable=start value TO end valueSTEP increment 
NEXT
IF/THEN/ELSE    IF expression THEN statements:ELSE else-clause 
ON              ON expression <GOTO/GOSUB> line#1,line#2,... 


Processing Commands
-------------------

CLR             CLR
DATA            DATA list of constants
DEF FN          DEF FN name(variable)=expression
DIM             DIM variable(subscripts),variable(subscripts) ...
END             END
GET             GET variable list
GETKEY          GETKEY variable list
GOSUB           GOSUB line number
GOTO            GOTO line number
INPUT           INPUT "prompt string"; variable list
KEY             KEY key number,string 
LET             LET variable=expression
READ            READ variable list
REM             REM message
RESTORE         RESTORE line # 
RETURN          RETURN
RUN             RUN line # 
                RUN "filename",Ddrive number ,Udevice number 
STOP            STOP


System Commands
---------------

AUTO            AUTO line# 
CONT            CONT
DELETE          DELETE first line -last line 
FAST            FAST
GO64            GO64
HELP            HELP
LIST            LIST first line -last line 
NEW             NEW
RENUMBER        RENUMBER new starting line number ,increment ,old
                starting line number 
RESUME          RESUME line#/NEXT 
SLEEP           SLEEP n
SLOW            SLOW
TRAP            TRAP line# 
TROFF           TROFF
TRON            TRON


BASIC 7.0 Functions
-------------------

ABS             ABS(X)
ASC             ASC(X$)
ATN             ATN(X)
BUMP            BUMP(N)
CHR$            CHR$(X)
COS             COS(X)
DEC             DEC(hexidecimal-string)
ERR$            ERR$(N)
EXP             EXP(X)
FNxx            FNxx(x)
FRE             FRE(X)
HEX$            HEX$(X)
INSTR           INSTR(string 1,string 2,starting position )
INT             INT(X)
JOY             JOY(N)
LEFT$           LEFT$(string,integer)
LEN             LEN(string)
LOG             LOG(X)
MID$            MID$(string,starting position,length )
PEEK            PEEK(X)
PEN             PEN(n)
PI              (symbol of PI)
POINTER         POINTER(variable name)
POS             POS(X)
POT             POT(n)
RCLR            RCLR(N)
RDOT            RDOT(N)
RGR             RGR(X)
RIGHT$          RIGHT$(<string>,<numeric>)
RND             RND(X)
RSPCOLOR        RSPCOLOR(register)
RSPPOS          RSPPOS(sprite number,position/speed)
RSPRITE         RSPRITE(sprite number,characteristic)
RWINDOW         RWINDOW(n)
SGN             SGN(X)
SIN             SIN(X)
SPC             SPC(X)
SQR             SQR(X)
STR$            STR$(X)
TAB             TAB(X)
TAN             TAN(X)
USR             USR(X)
VAL             VAL(X$)
XOR             XOR(n1,n2)


ESCape Key Functions
--------------------

@   Erase everything from cursor to end of screen window
A   Automatic insert mode
B   Set bottom right corner of screen window (at current cursor location)
C   Cancel insert and quote modes
D   Delete current line
E   Set cursor to non-flashing mode
F   Set cursor to flashing mode
G   Enable bell (by Control-G)
H   Disable bell
I   Insert a line
J   Move to beginning of current line
K   Move to end of current line
L   Turn on scrolling
M   Turn off scrolling
N   Return to normal (non-reverse video) screen display (80-column only)
O   Cancel automatic insert mode
P   Erase everything from beginning of line to cursor
Q   Erase everything from cursor to end of line
R   Reverse video screen display (80-column only)
S   Change to block cursor
T   Set top left corner of screen window (at current cursor location)
U   Change to underline cursor
V   Scroll screen up one line
W   Scroll screen down one line
X   Toggle between 40 and 80 columns
Y   Restore default TAB stops
Z   Clear all TAB stops


Function Key Default Settings
-----------------------------

  F1        F2        F3        F4
GRAPHIC   DLOAD"   DIRECTORY  SCNCLR

  F5        F6        F7        F8
DSAVE"      RUN      LIST     MONITOR


SPRDEF Mode Command Summary
---------------------------

CLR key        Erases entire work area
M key          Turns on/off multicolor sprite
CTRL 1-8       Selects sprite foreground color 1-8
CMDR 1-8       Selects sprite foreground color 9-16
1 key          Turns on pixels in the background color
2 key          Turns on pixels in the foreground color
3 key          Turns on areas in multicolor1
4 key          Turns on areas in multicolor2
A key          Turns on/off automatic cursor movement
CRSR keys      Moves cursor (+) within work area
RETURN         Moves cursor to start of next line
HOME key       Moves cursor to top left corner of work area
X key          Expands sprite horizontally
Y key          Expands sprite vertically
Shift RETURN   Saves sprite from work area & returns to SPRITE NUMBER prompt
C key          Copies one sprite to another
STOP key       Turns off displayed sprite & returns to SPRITE NUMBER prompt
               without changing sprite
RETURN key     Exits SPRDEF mode
(at SPRITE
NUMBER prompt)


Defaults for ENVELOPE Statement
-------------------------------

ENVELOPE #      INSTRUMENT

0               Piano
1               Accordion
2               Calliope
3               Drum
4               Flute
5               Guitar
6               Harpsichord
7               Organ
8               Trumpet
9               Xylophone


40 and 80 Column Color Codes
----------------------------

40-COLUMN FORMAT    80-COLUMN FORMAT

 1  Black            1  Black
 2  White            2  White
 3  Red              3  Dark Red
 4  Cyan             4  Light Cyan
 5  Purple           5  Light Purple
 6  Green            6  Dark Green
 7  Blue             7  Dark Blue
 8  Yellow           8  Light Yellow
 9  Orange           9  Dark Purple
10  Brown           10  Dark Yellow
11  Light Red       11  Light Red
12  Dark Gray       12  Dark Cyan
13  Medium Gray     13  Medium Gray
14  Light Green     14  Light Green
15  Light Blue      15  Light Blue
16  Light Gray      16  Light Gray




Feel free to distribute this to any and all, as everything here was taken
directly from the C-128 System Guide.


QWKRR V4.2 is a full featured OLR (Offline Mail Reader) supporting QWK
format mail packets. It has been designed to handle mail packets of any
size, limited only to the size of your storage device.

It has been tested on 1541's, 1571's, 1581's, CMD's Ramlink,
hard drives and the FDxx drives.

QWKRR requires a C128 computer and an 80 column monitor. It will not
work in 40 column mode.

You also need a method for unpacking IBM format archives, such as CSX01
or CS-DOS.  Both programs are sharware/freeware and CSX01 at least
should be available from the same source as you get this program.

These programs are NOT part of the QWKRR distribution archives.

QWKRR itself is SHAREWARE. If you use it then you are OBLIGATED to
register.

There are four files in the distribution package, including this one.
The others are:

QWKRR42A.SFX
QWKRR42B.SFX
QWKRR42C.SFX

Note: If upgrading from V4.1 to V4.2 there is no need to download the
QWKRR42C.SFX file as this is identical to QWKRR41C.SFX

SFX files will 'dissolve' themselves by simply loading and running.

All three files will dissolve onto a single 1571 disk drive. If using a
1541 disk drive th	 dissolve files "A" and "B" onto side #1 and file
"C" onto side #2.

To help ensure you have all the the relevent files, the contents of
these SFX's are:

QWKRR41A.SFX:
------------
QWKRR128 V4.3      - This is the main program (193 blocks)
QWKC.STD           - Character set  (5 blocks)
QWKC.TALL          - Character set  (5 blocks)
QWKC.SHORT         - Character set  (5 blocks)
QWKA.ADDRESSES     - Sample address book (4 blocks)
QWKK.KEYS          - Sample FKey definitions (2 blocks)
QWKW.TWIT          -	ample Twit list  (1 block)
QWKT.Taglines.01   - Sample tagline file (3 blocks)
QWKT.Taglines.02   - Sample tagline file (3 blocks)
QWKT.Taglines.03   - Sample tagline file (3 blocks)
QWKT.Taglines.04   - Sample tagline file (3 blocks)
REGQWKRR           - Utility required to register QWKRR (4 blocks)
REGOINFO           - Registration information  (15 blocks)
REGOFORM           - Registration form  (9 blocks)
V42UPGRADE NOTES   - Notes regarding the changes from V4.1 to V4.2
                     (25 blocks	
QWKRR41B.SFX
------------
QWK-INTRO.TXT    - Introduction to Offline Mail Readers. (58 blocks)
QPX40            - Utility program for dissolving IBM ARC's (17 blocks)
                        (NOTE: Requires CSX128.ML - NOT supplied)
QPX40.DOC        - Documentation for QPX40 (46 blocks)
QPA40            - Utility for creating IBM ARC's  (10 blocks)
QPA.ML           - Machine language part of QPA40  (4 blocks)
QPA40.DOC        - Documentation for QPA40         (41 blocks)
TAGTHIEF         - Utility progra	for creating tagline files (8 blocks)
TAGLINE.SAMPLE   - Sample taglines for Tagthief (40 blocks)
TAGTHIEF.TXT     - Documentation for Tagthief. (24 blocks)
SURVEY.INTRO     - Introduction for QWKRR survey. (12 blocks)
SURVEY.QUESTIONS - Have your say on the future of QWKRR (85 blocks)


QWKRR41C.SFX
------------
QWKRRV42DOCS.TXT - Main documentation for QWKRR128 (442 blocks)
                 - Note, these are the same as the V4.1 docs.

              ------------------------------------

Enjoy !
Rod

Enclosed in the following short article is a short description of the

R65C02 Microprocessor made by Rockwell. For those 8-bitters who are looking

for a cheap upgrade to a PET or those 64/128 owners who want a few extra

commands to their microprocessor. (Note that the pins of an 6502 are not

compatible to a 6510 or an 8502). This information is handed out by

Rockwell and is in the public domain.



[Some important points to keep in mind about the R65C02:



First, this is the microprocessor that's in Schnedler System's TurboMaster.

Schnedler also markets an assembler (MAE64 v5) and a multi-pass symbolic 

disassembler (Symbol Master - great product!) that supports the extra 

opcodes. For more information on the TurboMaster or the software, contact:



Schnedler Systems

Dept. CIS, 25 Eastwood Rd, P.O. Box 5964

Asheville, NC  28813

(704) 274-4646



Second, it's important to point out that using the extra opcodes in a

program will mean that the program is likely to fail when run on a standard

6502 (or 6510 in the case of the 64). Those opcodes may do nothing in a

6502 or may do something other than what a 65C02 will do.



Third point relates to the second. Any program that uses these opcodes

expecting to run on a 6502 will also yield unpredictable results. Some

games programmers use 6502-bogus opcodes as a protection measure. Most

machine language monitors for 6502's will display unimplemented opcodes as

??? thereby making it tougher for people to figure out the code. Although

this is probably most common in games, I know that PaperClip uses such

codes (unfortunately). There may be other productivity packages that do

too, but PaperClip is the only one I'm sure about.



Fourth, I haven't been able to check this data for accuracy. I presume that 

this data has been copied from the Rockwell spec sheet.



- Malcolm 76703,4243]



Features



CMOS silicon gate technology

Low Power (4ma/MHz)

Software compatible with the R6502

Single 5V power supply requirements

Eight bit parallel processing

Decimal and Binary arithmetic

True indexing cabability

Programmable Stack Pointer

Interrupt Capability

Non-maskable interrupt

Direct Memory Access Capability (DMA)

4MHz operating speed





Listing of R65C02 additional opcommands



BBR Branch on Bit Reset

BBS Branch on Bit Set

BRA Branch always

PHX Push X register on stack

PHY Push Y register on stack

PLX Pull X register from stack

PLY Pull Y register from stack

RMB Reset memory bit

SMB Set memory bit

STZ Store Zero

TRB Test and reset bits

TSB Test and set bits



Listing of old opcommands with new address modes



ADC Add memory to accumulator with carry

AND AND memory with accumulator

BIT Test bits in memory with accumulator

CMP Compare memory and accumulator

DEC Decrement memory by 1

EOR Exclusive OR memory with accumultor

INC Increment memory by 1

JMP Jump to a new location

LDA Load accumulator with memory

ORA OR memory with accumulator

STA Store memory with accumulator





OPCODE   Mnemonic  Address      Bytes Cycles



80       BRA       Relative       2     3

DA       PHX       Implied        1     3

5A       PHY       Implied        1     3

FA       PLX       Implied        1     4

7A       PLY       Implied        1     4

9C       STZ       Absolute       3     4

9E       STZ       Absolute,X     3     5

64       STZ       ZeroPage       2     5

74       STZ       ZeroPage,X     2     4

1C       TRB       Absolute       3     6

14       TRB       ZeroPage       2     5

0C       TSB       Absolute       3     6

04       TSB       Zeropage       2     5

0F-7F    BBR       Zeropage       3     5

8F-FF    BBS       Zeropage       3     5

07-77    RMB       ZeroPage       2     5

87-F7    SMB       ZeroPage       2     5



Hex codes for old opcodes with new address



Hex  Mnemonic  New address     Bytes  Cycles

72   ADC       Indirect          2      5

32   AND       Indirect          3      5

3C   BIT       Absolute,X        3      4

34   BIT       Zeropage,X        3      4

89   BIT       Immeadite         2      2

D2   CMP       Indirect          2      5

3A   DEC       Accumulator       1      2

52   EOR       Indirect          2      5

1A   INC       Accumulator       1      2

7C   JMP       Absolute,X        3      6

B2   LDA       Indirect          2      5

12   ORA       Indirect          2      5

F2   SBC       Indirect          3      5

92   STA       Indirect          2      5





New Opcode effects on registers





Opcode         Processor Status Code

.              7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

.              N V . B D I Z C

BRA

PHX

PHY

PLX            X           X

PLY            X           X

STZ            X           X

TRB                        X

BBR

BBS

RMB

SMB

RAMTOOL DOCS.                                                         WSoft
1995 
 This file documents the program "RAMTOOL". It covers the syntax of the
program.RAMTOOL is a program which allows C64 users (equipped with a
commodore ram-expander) to utilize commands such as STASH, FETCH and SWAP,
otherwise found only on
the C-128.
  
  STASH transfers computer memory into the expander.
  FETCH transfers memory from the expander to the computer.
  SWAP  exchanges memory content between the expander and the computer.
 
There is a fourth command called VERIFY, supported by the hardware, but not 
implemented on the C-128's Basic 7.0 (or RAMTOOL).
 
Since this program is re-locatable, you can use it almost anywhere there is
roomfor it. The normal starting address is $033c or (828).
  The command works much like this:
 
SYS828,command,C64-start,bytecount,REUstart,bank,port
 
Explanation of parameters:
 
Command (first comma): enter a 1 to STASH, a 2 to FETCH, and a 3 to SWAP.
C64-start (second comma): Enter the decimal address of the starting point in
memory which has to do with the computer here.
bytecount (third comma): Enter the number	f bytes you wish to transfer here.
REUstart (fourth comma): Enter the address within the REU to access during
the transfer.
bank (fifth comma): Enter a number between 0 and the existing number of 64K
chunks of memory your REU has availiable (minus 1).
port (fifth comma) enter a number between 0 and 7, depicting the state of the

memory of the C64. This is merely a 3-bit word (bits 0-2) inside the memory
location 1. You can access any area of the C64 that you wish (even the RAM
underthe I/O area of $d000-$	ff. Here is a short data table for this purpose
for youto reference:
 
value       $a000-$bfff         $d000-$dfff         $e000-$ffff
0               ram                 ram                 ram
1               ram               charset               ram
2               ram               charset               rom
3               rom               charset               rom
4               ram                 ram                 ram
5               ram                 I/O                 ram
6              	am                 I/O                 rom
7               rom                 I/O                 rom
 
... example:
       Do it like this if you want to stash a charset...
          sys828,1,53248,4096,0,0,1
             (this will stash 2048 bytes from the charset ROM to the bank 0 
              of your ram-expander)
 
Sid (WS95)
102541,420
 
"*** Photoelectric VIC 20 ***
" The Vic 20 is being used by Jerry, an almost totally paralyzed person, to
"communicate after a stroke that took away both his movement and speech.
"Doctors predicted that he would lose the will to live and draw into a
"depression because of the stroke, and his family were only looking into a
"way that he could communicate.  They created a letter board with
"photoelectric cells representing all the Vic 20 keys.  A light pointer,
"attached to Jerry's head, was used to point to the cells and activate the
"appropriate computer keys.  The letter board was designed, providing spaces
"between letters so that the light pointer would not create double letters
"or activate letters that were not needed.  A 'beep' tone was activated when
"a key was depressed so that he did not have to strain by looking at the
"monitor to verify the selected letter or word.  As a result, of this unique
"VIC 20, Jerry has not slid down into a depression as the doctors predicted.
"If you are interested in providing additional help or ideas, or wish to
"find out more about how the letterboard works, contact COMMODORE MAGAZINE
"and we	ill put you in touch with Jerry and his family.
"



     REVOLVING BORDER FOR THE UNEXPANDED VIC 20
 
     This is and old program I found stashed away in the back of my disk
     files.  I wrote this program in 1986 and never did anything more with
     it.  It is free to the public but is NOT to be sold.  Otherwise you
     may use it however you want, and I would like to see it translated for
     other Commodores (seeings how I'll manage to not find the time).
 
 
     Revolving border is an interrupt driven routine written in machine
     language.  As written the program will create the border out of
     reverse spaces and will rotate them through various colors.  The
     program resides in the cassette buffer and also a section in the top
     page of BASIC memory.  The system is activated by a SYS 828 and can be
     de-activated by a SYS 831.
 
 
     When I was writing this program I attempted to make it useable as an
     add-on to any program.  I decided to make it possible to change the
     border characters on the top, bottom, and each side to any available
     character.  To change the characters along the top of the screen you
     must change the 160 (the POKE nu	er for a reversed space) in line
     7427 to the proper POKE number for the character you wish to use.
     Follow the same procedure for each of the other sides using line 7432
     for the bottom of the screen, line 7460 for the left side of the
     screen, and 7466 for the right side of the screen.
 
 
     I also made it possible to change the rate at which the border
     rotates.  This is accomplished by inserting a value from 0 to 255 in
     line 924.  The higher the number you use the slower th	speed of the
     border.
 
 
     You will note that as this program is running the computer will react
     much slower than usual.  This is due to the fact that this is an
     interrupt driven routine and therefore the time delay in the program
     also slows down the normal operation of the computer.  Since this is
     true I use this program only for title screens and de-activate it
     (with a SYS 831) when I begin my actual program.  You may then
     re-activate it (with a SYS 828) when you re	tart at the beginning of
     the program or possibly between different levels of a game program.
   This is a DOCs file for the READ
GAME game. READ GAME is a game that
uses SAM and RECITER to help teach
word recognition. You can store words
in SEQ disk files to be loaded later,
and then be read back into the game.
   The game play is as follows: after
inputting the childs name, the computer
SAYS a word, and then a list of 6 words
is printed on the screen, and the child
must pick which number is the correct
word. The "pick the number" prompts and
the congratulatory messages are picked
from a random assortment of messages,
to keep the game from becoming 
monotonous. The child can hear the word
again by pressing F7.
   A nice thing about this game
is that it addresses you by name, and
REPEATS the prompts both visually and
by SAYing them. If the child is not
sure about what the prompt was, he can
wait, and it will be repeated. This is
true of ALL game prompts except for the
initial main menu.
   SAM and RECITER must be loaded first
and I usually place RECITER in HIGH
memory. When READ GAME is RUN, you will
see a menu with options of:
   1: Play Game
   2: Write New Word File
   3: Scratch a Word File
   4: Quit
Select #1, and you go to a menu page to
select which file you want to load. You
can have 9 files of words, just press
1-9 to load which one you want. If you
specify a number for a file that does
not exist, you will be prompted to try
another number. Pick an existing number
and the file will be loaded, and the
game will begin.
   The first thing the game does is 
ask you your name. Then it will check
to see if it is pronouncing the name
correctly. Re-spell the name more like
it sounds if it doesn't come out right.
   You can add your child's name into
the program itself, to bypass this
pronunciation routine. List lines 6300
to 6400. There you will see my kid's
names, and some of their friends' 
names. If your childs name gets 
pronounced OK as it is spelled, enter 
it in line 6300-6400 like the names in
6301-6304 are. If it is necessary to
phonetically re-spell your childs name
to get it to sound right, enter it in
lines 6300-6400 like the names in lines
6305-6306. Don't forget the :RETURN at
the end of the line!
Then just re-save the program with 
your childs name permanently in it.
   After you input the name, the game
begins. At just about any prompt,
pressing X will exit.
   Function #2: Write a New Word File
You can create your own word lists,
(9 files total) each with up to 100
words in length. It is recommended,
however, that you limit the file length
to about 20-30 words, so the child does
not lose interest. Disk filenames are
handled automatically, you do not have
to specify or remember what they are-
just press 1-9 to select which one you
want to create. If you select the 
number of an existing file, you will be
prompted to pick another number.
   When the file is opened, you are 
asked to input the actual word, and 
then the phonetic word. This is done
because it is often necessary to spell
a spoken word differently so it sounds
right. After you enter the phonetic 
word, the computer will SAY it, and ask
if it was pronounced OK. If not, you 
can re-spell the phonetic word to try
again, or press Q to start over with a
completely different word. When you get
enough words entered, enter X for a 
word to exit, and the file will be 
written to disk. One word of caution:
do NOT use commas in the words!!!!!!!
You can use the hyphen for pausing, as
well as the period, but NO COMMAS!
There are already some words stored in 
data statements to be used as dummy
words in the lists, and if you try to
input one of these words into a word
file, you will get the prompt of:
"word already used", and will have to
use another word.
   Function #3: Scratch a Word File
If you have used up all 9 word files
and your child knows them all well
enough to progress to another file, you
can scratch an old one. Just press 1-9
to scratch which file you no longer
need. You are allowed to change your
mind before it is scratched.
   I think that using SEQ disk files
adds a lot of versatility to this game,
because you can create different files
for different children, and if you
use more than one disk, can start over
again with another 9 files on that
disk. 
 
******* Hope you enjoy it! ************
 
        John Crookshank
 20 
bunny
bunny
here
heer
read
reed
dog
dawg
what
what
do
doo
play
play
ten
ten
ball
ball
supper
supper
blanket
blanket
home
home
teacher
teacher
pencil
pensuhl
stove
stowve
jedi
jeh- di
talk
talk
down
down
little
little
up
up
        The following is the
       text of a SIG message
       that I left some months
       ago. The information
       about the naming of the
       file I now consider
       questionable, so I have
       enclosed it w/ square
       brackets. The example
       program works as
       intended...It hangs up
       the disk drive in an
       endless loop.

  Ive been expirimenting w/ the &
 command in the 1541 DOS with these
 results:
  (corrections welcomed!)
  The "&" Cmd. may be used to execute
 ML code in Disk ram from a file
 stored on disk. It will autostart on
 powerup in some drives, under certain
 circumstances.
  In my oldest 1541 the full code as
 shown in Abacus Disk book is present
 at disk Rom addr.s $e780-e852. The
 ROM in my SX however, eliminates the
 autostart portion between $e780 and
 $e7a2. The & CMD part is still there,
 it just wont autostart. The file to
 be executed is specially structured.
 *[It may be either a PRG  or USR
 file, (at least). The file must have
 "&" as the first character of its
 name.]* The first two bytes of the
 file are the the disk ram addr. where
 the file is to execute. The L	t byte
 is a check sum formed on all the
 previous bytes (but not itsself)
 equal to the remainder after their
 sum is divided by 256. The third byte
 is the number of following prg. bytes
 , NOT including checksum byte.
 Example: Consider this do-nothing 3
 byte program that just loops on
 itsself and executes at $0400 => JMP
 $0400 . The & file would be (hex): 00
 04 03 4c 00 04 5a .The disk sector
 containing it would read (with the
 addition of the link pointers): 00 08
 00 04 03 4c 00 04 5a +bufferju	...
  If this file were named , say,
 "&drivehanger" it could be executed
 as follows:
 open15,8,15
 print#15,"&dri*"

 .. If you have trouble getting this
 to work,..try making the "&" file the
 first one on your disk. I am not sure
 that: print#15,"&dri*" is the correct
 syntax, but it does work when the "&"
 file is the first.


  In drives w/ the autostart code, the
 first "&*" file on the disk will also
 execute (at least w/ my equipment)
 under the following conditions:
 1. When connected to '64, bo	 off,
 then drive turned on. (oddly, it wont
 work unless cord is plugged into 64.)
 2. Disk ON, 64 OFF, autostart
 cartridge in 64 (hes mon), 64 => ON.
 (This is aparently the reason why,
 when I power up w/ hes-mon pluged in,
 I get disk error 'Record not present'
 ! ..that allways puzzeled me!)
 3. Both ON , cart. dont care, 64 =>
 OFF.
 4. Both ON , cart in 64, Hdw. RST
 performed. (sys64738 won't do it from
 basic w/ hes-mon)
   Uses for this?... How about
 combining w/ Spooling technique so
 that an	solated drive and printer
 pair could print out a disk file?..
 This would need a "dead 64 simulator
 cable" pluged into the disk. Or how
 about an & file of several blocks w/
 the last links turned to point to
 first block... maybe an endless belt
 repacement operating system could be
 done this way? Other ideas?...


 ..a final note: in newer drives
 without the auto-start code, "&" has
 little to reccomend it over the easier
 to use Block-Execute Command. The
 exception being that it appears that
 a fi	 of more than 1 block may be
 executed.
     This file will explain how to download and "Self-Dissolve" the two  SDA
files needed for the Microprose RED STORM RISING Game Demo.  The files must
be downloaded as PRoGram Type files.
 
     Before proceeding, you will need two freshly formatted blank disks. One
will hold the two downloaded SDA PRG files and the other will eventually
hold the MicroProse RED STORM RISING Game Demo.
 
     Download the following files as programs to the first blank SDA disk:
 
        REDST1.BIN
        REDST2.BIN
 
     Once you have these two files on a disk you can log off the service
before proceeding.
 
     Load the SDA files one at a time.  As each is loaded, replace the SDA disk
with the RED STORM RISING Game Demo disk before running. The SDA will place
the files on the RED STORM RISING Game Demo disk.  As each SDA finishes, load
the next one and dissolve it onto the same RED STORM RISING Game Demo disk.
 
     When you have finished dissolving the two  SDA files onto the RED STORM
RISING Game Demo disk file the SDA disk away as a backup.  To run the Demo of
RED STORM RISING on your C64 or C128 in its C64 Mode
 
        load"autoboot",8,	 
     It will take approximately 10 minutes at 1200 Baud to download each of
the two SDA files - approximately 20 minutes at 1200 Baud for the complete
Demo.  Please note that this is just a Demo of the new Microprose RED STORM
RISING Game and not a "playable" version.  The graphics and sound are
very good.  It looks to be an interesting Arcade Game.
 
 
 
World of Commodore VII (Toronto, Nov 30 - Dec 3, 1989)
------------------------------------------------------

 Once again 8-bit owners were forced to face an overload of Amiga hardware and
software from dealers, manufacturers, and Commodore. However, there were a
couple of notable exceptions in the hardware arena.


GEORAM from Berkley Softworks
-----------------------------

 Berkley unveiled GEORAM, their 512K RAM expansion board for the C64/128.
This unit was "developped exclusively for GEOS-equipped Commodores" and
is used much in the same way a Commodore 1750 REU would be used with GEOS.

 Like the 1750, GEORAM isn't true RAM expansion. The RAM is NOT available
directly to the microprocessor. Code and data must be brought into computer
memory to be used.

 A disappointement is that GEORAM is *NOT* 1750 compatible, and so it can't
currently be used in place of a 1750 for non-GEOS applications. With the 1750
out of production, this leaves the SSI 1764 upgrade as the only source of 1750
compatible units.

 Berkley *IS* currently debating whether to release programmer's information
on the GEORAM unit, so non-GEOS applications can be developped.

 The suggested retail price for GEORAM is $124.95.



Creative Micro Designs Hard Drive and RAMLink Interface
-------------------------------------------------------

 The *BIG* news for C64/128 owners is CMD (the JiffyDOS people) unveiled their
hard drive, and RAMLink compatibility interface, and they are both
spectacular!!


CMD Hard Drive
--------------

 The hard drive is an intelligent external peripheral, which appears to
the computer as a normal Commodore disk drive. It contains its own
microprocessor, and uses no RAM inside the computer.

 A great feature is that the drive doesn't contain a DOS ROM. Instead,
it contains 64K of RAM, and the DOS is loaded off the drive into this RAM.
This will make DOS upgrades a snap (just run an installation utility).
Currently only about 32K of this RAM is used by the DOS, leaving plently
of room for future DOS expansion.

 All standard Commodore DOS commands are supported, plus many new ones.

 The drive can be interfaced with the C64/128 three ways:

 Standard serial: The standard disk serial cable between the hard drive and
the C64/128. Slow serial on the C64 or C64 mode, and fast serial on C128
(including burst mode support).

 JiffyDOS serial: CMD is well known for their JiffyDOS ROMs which provide
amazing serial speed improvements. Once again the standard serial cable is
used.

  RAMLink: A multi-purpose expansion device that plugs into the computer
provides a custom parallel interface to the drive (and much more. More
on RAMLink below).


Transfer speeds:

 Standard or JiffyDOS serial: 10-20% improvement over 1581 floppy speeds.

 RAMLink (hold your breath): 32K per second on the C64, and 64K per second
on the C128 (at 2 MHz). These speeds are available for all transfers, of
any filetype and any operation, unlike Xetec's Lt. Kernal which is DMA and
only fast for LOADs and SAVEs.

 Of course only machine language programs or subroutines will attain these
speeds.


 Visually the CMD hard drive is slightly taller than a 1581, with
about the same footprint, and in an attractive C128/C64c colour all-metal
case.

 The front panel has power, activity, and error lights as well as two
special SWAP buttons (SWAP 8 and SWAP 9) which interchange the drive's
device number with any device that currently has device 8 or 9. This
clearly maximizes software compatibility since the drive can be device
8 (or 9) whenever you need it to be.

 The rear of the unit has many connectors:

- The power connector to an external power supply (it looked identical
to the Amiga 500s power supply. How's that for ironic?!)

- Two standard Commodore serial ports.

- A third Commodore serial port for "future printer applications"
(eg. direct from drive to printer streaming).

- The custom parallel interface to RAMLink.

- An industry standard SCSI connector for hooking up other SCSI devices
(other hard drives, tape streamer, CD-ROM, etc.)


 The damage:

  Remember, these aren't cheap IBM hard drives, but quality SCSI units.
You'll be able to move these drives onto any future computer you get, so
they represent a good long term investment. Nevertheless, the prices are
excellent considering that no Amiga or Mac user could get a SCSI drive
of comparable quality for any less.

Standard configurations:

20 meg: $599.95
40 meg  $799.95

 Custom sizes are available all the way to 700 meg. At the show, several
BBS SysOps purchased 100 meg versions for $1200. Prices include shipping
and free DOS upgrades up to version 2.0

 First units will available for shipping in early January 1990.


RAMLink Interface
-----------------

 CMD also unveiled an exciting expansion device called RAMLink. It
stands as a valuable device on its own, and also happens to be the interface to
the CMD hard drive. It doesn't require the hard drive to use.

 It's main use is as a 1700/1764/1750 RAM expansion enhancement device that
offers you some amazing things:

 - Built in RAM disk software in ROM (tentatively named RLDOS). It supports
all standard Commodore disk commands, takes up no RAM inside the computer, and
provides all the standard Commodore DOS commands. Thus it's far more compatible
with software than Commodore's RAMDOS. In fact, any software that doesn't play
with the inside of a drive (fast loads, copy protection, etc.) should work
with RLDOS.

 Since RLDOS is in ROM, and doesn't need to be constantly swapped into
memory. RAM disk usage is up to 20 times faster than RAMDOS!

- Power, RLDOS activity, and RLDOS error lights (just like a real drive).

- SWAP 8 and SWAP 9 buttons, just like the hard drive.

- The CMD hard drive parallel interface

- Built in JiffyDOS (in case you want to upgrade your floppies)

- Two expansion connectors (one on top, one out the back). One is for the
REU, the other is a pass through connector for cartridges and other
expansion devices.

- Internal RAM expansion capability that allows up to 4 meg to be added
to the RAM disk (it's put in the RAMLink, not the REU).

- It's own external power supply that keeps the REU powered even after the
computer is turned off, and a battery backup that will maintain the memory
when the electricity goes out for short (day and less) periods.

  Expanded fully, the RAMLink brings up the tantalizing possibility of
being itself a 4.5 meg silicon hard drive, which would be faster than any
traditional hard drive on any computer.


Price (tentative): $100 for basic RAMLink unit. REU, and RAMdisk expansion
modules not included.

Projected release: March 1990

 No price, or release information is currently available for RAMLink
memory expansion option(s).



 If you have any comments or questions, please feel free to leave me a
message.

Gary Farmaner/SysOp 76703,3050
If you're a Commodore 64 user you've probably been in the situation before where you were either working on or writing a program and the computer crashed!  And to get out of that nasty loop you had to turn the computer off and then back on to recover.  Well, in doing so you lost your program, right?  That would not be the case if you could have used a reset switch to regain control of your computer.  However, Commodore was not intelligent enough to put a reset switch on the C-64 or the 64-C (however, they did include the rest switch on the C-128).  I will detail how you can install such a switch on your 64, whatever the model number.

Throughout the computer is a circuit called the RESET line.  This reset connects to the 6510A MPU, the 6526 CIA, the 6581 SID, the Expansion Port, the User Port, and on some 64's to the Serial Port.  When this RESET line is connected to GROUND the computer performs a Cold Start, which is just like turning the computer off then back on.  The good thing here is that any program held in RAM is not destroyed.  You can recover right where the problem began.  If you're in BASIC then you'll have to use a utility program that resets BASIC's pointers back to their proper place before the reset occured.  In addition, any programs held in the 1764 REU will still be there!

I mentioned that the RESET line is connected to the Serial Bus in some 64's.  The schematic shows such; however, it appears that early 64's had the Serial Bus/RESET line connection and late 64's did not.  I found that mine did not.  If you have no connection between the RESET line and the Serial Bus, then you can install two (2) reset switches; one for the computer itself and one for any peripherals you have connected.

Now, to begin.  The RESET line is found at the User Port, pin 3; the Expansion Port, pin C; and the Serial Port, pin 6 (maybe).  You can use an ohmeter to determine if pin 6 of the Serial Port is connected to either of the other two pins mentioned.  Pin 3 of the User Port is on top, third from the left when viewed at the back of the computer.  This is where the modem attaches.  Pin C of the Expansion Port is on the bottom, third from the right.  This is where a game cartridge or the RAM Expansion attaches.  Pin 6 of the Serial Port is the center pin.  This is where the cable for the disk drive and printer attaches.  If you found that the Serial Bus is connected to the RESET line then you can connect to pin 6.  If not, then the next best place is pin 3 of the User Port.  This particular pin runs to a feed-through hole that connects a trace on the bottom of the PCB to a trace on the top.  Using a 22 gauge wire, you can simultaneously melt the solder and insert the wire in this hole.  Using another 22 gauge wire, connect it to the GROUND path that runs along the back side of the PCB.  This ground is rather large in area and can be connected to in quite a few places.  Take the other ends of these two wires and attach them to a momentary SPST contact normally-open push button switch.  Radio Shack sells one that works very well.  It mounts in a 0.25" hole.  Their P/N 275-1547.  Mount this switch wherever in the case of the computer you like.  I installed mine in the right rear, just above my RAM Expansion.  This switch will reset the computer alone if there is no connection between the RESET line and pin 6 of the Serial Bus.  If you would like to reset your peripherals, as well, install a second switch to pin 6 of the Serial Bus and to ground.  If your computer has a connection between RESET and pin 6 you will reset everything when you use the reset switch.  Additionally, if you have the Commodore 1670 modem, you will reset the modem when you reset the computer.  You will then have to command the modem to not pickup the phone on the first ring.

Having such a reset switch will potentially lengthen the life of your computer.  Turning it off and then back on again is not the best thing for an electronics item.  It is much nicer to simply push a switch to regain control of the computer.  Again, attempt this task only if you are skilled enough to do the job right!  Don't risk damaging your computer with improper techinques.  I will assume no responsibility for your losses.  Have fun resetting!
This file gives instructions for modifying a Commodore 1700 REU to expand 
the memory to 512K (equivalent to a 1750).  Be aware that this modification 
is not supported by Commodore, and if you try it you will definitely void 
your warranty.  This is not for someone who's never soldered or de-soldered 
before, either, so be warned.  You will need 16 256K RAM chips (41264) and 
sockets for them.  You should use 120nS chips if at all possible.

First, find a good, well-lighted workspace.  This job takes time, and you 
want to make sure you can leave the REU in a safe place if you don't finish 
it all in one sitting.  Be sure you can ground yourself easily, because IC 
chips are extremely sensitive to static.  Take all possible precautions 
against static discharge.

Open the case of the REU by gently prying it apart.  Carefully remove the 
circuit board in its metal RF screen.  Open the screen and remove the 
circuit board.  Be sure to ground yourself well (this can't be emphasized 
enough; one little spark and you may lose the whole project).  Be very 
careful around the large IC on the board near the connector.

The next step is to 	-solder and remove the 16 64Kx1 RAM chips.  (Take 
note of where "pin 1" on these chips goes, so that you can install the new 
ones with the same orientation.)  Do this with a minimum of heat, so as not 
to damage the chips.  If you are using a spring-loaded "solder sucker" be 
SURE to ground yourself often.

When those chips are all out, install the sockets for the new chips.  This 
may seem like a tedious extra task, but it is worth every minute of your 
time.  Sockets are a lot easier to install than c	ps are, and you don't 
have to worry quite so much about excessive heat on a socket.  Once the 
sockets are in place, install the new chips, being sure that the "pin 1" 
orientation is correct.

Next, cut the trace on the circuit board that is marked "512K cut."  Then 
you should use a meter to check for a power-to-ground short.  The impedance 
between "+5" and "ground" should be about 7-15 ohms.

Carefully put the unit back together, making sure all the parts are back in 
position.  Make sure your comput	 is OFF, install the REU, and then turn 
the computer on.  You should be able to run the RAMTEST program that comes 
with the REU at this point, and it should show you that the new memory is 
operating.  If you've done your work carefully, all should be well.  If 
your unit isn't working right, check all your solder joints carefully and 
make sure you haven't bent any of the pins on any of the IC's when you 
installed them in their sockets.  This is a common cause of problems.  If 
you've bent a pin, you 	ould be able to bend it back into place, but those 
pins will not bend any more without breaking off, so work carefully.

   A REVIEW OF THE NEW 4 COMMODORE

         By Michael LaPaglia


     The new +4 arrived at my home 1
week ago. Its arrival was greeted with
almost the same joy as the arrival of
my latest son. It was almost 9 months
to the day that I first heard about the
+4 (originally called the 264). My
initial reaction was one of caution,
caused no doubt by the feel and sound
of the keyboard. The +4 keyboard is of
the same color and type as the SX-64. A
bit loose and noisy for me. However, as
soon as I turned it on all my doubts
left me. The best news was that the
1541 drive and the MPS-801 printer work
perfectly with the +4. The datasette
and joysticks are not compatible
neither is the 1650 modem (drat).
however Commodore says that the rs232
cart. will work if I can just figure
out how to plug it in to the +4( the
case is too large).
     The first thing you notice is that
the screen and border colors are
different from any other Commodore to
date. Lt.blue border with white screen
and black letters. The next thing that
caught my eye was the 60671 basic bytes
FREE! This is a basic programmers dream
machine.
     The layout of the +4 is similar to
the 64 except that the function keys
are at the top of the machine on the
left side. The keyboard has been
slightly rearranged with the addition
of an escape key where the left arrow
used to be. The cursor keys have been
moved slightly down and to the right to
make room for two additional cursor
keys. The +4 has 4 cursor keys shaped
like arrows. One for each direction.
This is very nice once you get out of
the habit of reaching for the shift key
to go up or left.
     One of the nicest features on the
new keyboard is that the function keys
are programmed when you turn the +4 on.
F1 will put you into the built in
software(more on that later). F2 is the
basic3.5 command 'DLOAD"'. F3 will read
the disc directory to the screen with
out loading in to basic ram. F4 is a
new command for basic3.5 'SCNCLR' this
clears the screen even in graphics
mode. F5 is 'DSAVE"'. F6 is 'RUN'. F7






is 'LIST'. The F8 key is marked 'HELP'
this is a very nice command. when a
basic programme crashes do to an error
the 'HELP' key will display the line
and flash the error for you. The users
manual contains the info on how to
programme the Fkeys to be any command
or string that you want. Including a
one line programme to emulate the 64
Fkeys. Before we get into the heart of
the machine I would like to cover two
other additions to the keyboard. A
second CTRL key has replaced the
restore key. A 'FLASH ON' FLASH OFF'
function has been added to the
keyboard. This makes for some very nice
screen displays. I suggest you use this
sparingly as too much flashing can be
distracting.
     Commodore has called the +4 the
'PRODUCTIVITY MACHINE' due to the 4
built in software programmes. The +4 is
truly a wonderfull computer but not
because of the built in programmes. In
fact the onboard software is the
weakest part of the +4. Pressing the F1
key, then return, will place you into
the wordprocessor. This has to be the
most difficult wp to use in the world,
The commands are archaic. Total storage
is 99 lines of 77 chars each. The most
distressing thing is that while it
saves the text as a sequential file, it
is not a standard file! You can not
load a +4 wp file in to EASYSCRIPT nor
can you load a EASYSCRIPT file in to
the +4. That means that in order for me
to be able to get this review to you I
had to use my C-64 and EASYSCRIPT. To
get to the spreadsheet you press the
commodore key and the 'c' together then
type 'TC' (To calculator?). The
spreadsheet is adequate for most
purposes and not to hard to use. The
graphics package allows you to display
spreadsheet data on the wordprocessor
in a graph format. The Database
programme actually has some interesting
features. It will never replace
SUPERBASE 64, but it will work for most
people.
     That was the last of the negitives
about the +4. The rest is excellent.
BASIC3.5 is one of the finest versions
of Microsoft basic I have ever seen. It
incorporates the best of BASIC4.0,
PROGRAMMERS TOOL KIT, SIMONS BASIC, and
THE 64 EXPANDER. Basic2.0 is fully
supported so any programmes that do not
'poke or peek' are transportable from






the 64 to the +4. To cover all the new
commands would take another 10 pages so
I will just mention a few.
 COLOR: this command will set the
display colors much in the same way
that poke 53281,x will affect the 64
display.
 AUTO: automaticaly prints the next
line number when programming in basic.
 DELETE: this will delete a single line
or a range of lines from a basic
programme.
 RENUMBER: will renumber all or part of
a basic programme including the goto's
and gosub's.
 PRINT USING: (finally) aligns numbers
in a list right and justifies them.
 KEY: displays the current definitions
of the 8 function keys. also used to
programme them.
     The +4 has several commands to aid
the programmer in debugging a
programme.
 TRAP: this will send the programme to
a predetermined line if an error
occures.
 TRON: programme trace on. displays
current line# basic is working on.
 TROFF: programme trace off.
 EL: returns the line number where the
error happened.
 DS$: contains the disc error message
if any
 ER: contains the basic error message
number
 ERR$: returns the error message for
the error # given.
    Basic3.5 has several sound and
graphics commands such as DRAW, BOX,
GSHAPE, CIRCLE, VOL, SOUND and many
more. The programming commands that I
like the best are DO LOOP, DO UNTIL
LOOP, DO WHILE LOOP. These make
conditional loops very easy to
programme. Thats enough about basic3.5
for the moment.
     The best thing about the +4 is, in
my opinion, the fact that it is very
easy to programme in machine language
using the built in 'monitor'. You can
get to the monitor in several ways.
SYS3, type MONITOR, or hold the
'run/stop' key down and momentarily
press the reset key located next to the
power button. The monitor has 17
commands. All the ones I use with
HESMON except there is no HEX/DEC
conversion. This must be done from
BASIC3.5 using the commands HEX$ and
DEC. I find it very comforting to have






the built in monitor ready whenever I
need it. Some memory locations to get
you started are.
 CASSETTE BUFFER: $0333 to $03F2 ( 819
to 1010 dec)
 SCREEN: $0C00 to $0FFF (3072 to 4095
dec)
 COLOR RAM: $0400 to 0BFF (1094 to 3071
dec)
 START OF BASIC: $1001 (4097 dec)
 END OF BASIC: $???? (with 60k free who
cares?)
 END OF BASIC: $FD00 (64768 DEC)
 POINTER TO START OF BASIC: $002B,2C
(43,44 dec)
 POINTER TO START OF BASIC VARIABLES:
$002D,2E (45,46 dec)
 POINTER TO END OF BASIC RAM: $0037,38
(55,56 dec)
 POINTER TO BOTTOM OF STRING STORAGE:
$0033,34 (51,52 dec)
     As I learn more about the memory
map I'll let you know. The Kernal jump
table seems to be the same as the 64,
ie. $FFD2 is CHROUT in both machines. I
have had very little trouble converting
simple routines from the 64 to the +4.
     I mentioned the reset switch
briefly in the section about the
monitor. The switch is located just in
front of the power button on the right
side. The reset button performs a cold
reset, all pointers are reset and any
basic programme in, in  memory, is
'newed' However, with the monitor on
board it is simple to un-new the
programme. A soft-reset similar to
'run/stop restore' on  the 64 can be
achieved by holding the 'run/stop' key
down and momentarily pressing the reset
switch. (warning, DO NOT release the
run/stop key untill the monitor appears
on the screen) then type 'x' <return>
to exit the monitor back to basic.
     The last thing that I want to
touch on are the Windowing commands on
the +4 The 'escape' key lets you set up
a window on the screen similar to the
APPLE LISA! The escape key and the 't'
sets the upper left corner of the
window. The escape key and the 'b' set
the lower right corner. hitting 'home'
twice in a row will return you to
normal screen size.
     I'll save the expanded screen
editing commands along with an
explanation of the graphics modes for
next month.
    The +4 is an excellent buy at three
hundred dollars. It will never replace






the 64 but will coexist peacefully with
it as the top of the line computer for
the serious programmer.
    See you next month with more about
this wonderful computer.
I think I'm in love.

     Michael LaPaglia

*fp0

         C-64 / +4  Comparison


---------------------------------------
Features                 |  64  |  +4
---------------------------------------
Ram                      | 64k  | 64k
Rom                      | 20k  | 64k
Sprites                  | yes  |  no
Polyphonic sound         | yes  |  no
Voices                   |   3  |   2
Noise generator          |   1  |   1
Keys                     |  66  |  68
Programmed Function keys |  no  |   8
Basic                    | 2.0  | 3.5
Number of colors         |  16  | 121
Basic bytes free         |38911 |60671
Graphics commands        |  no  | yes
Window commands          |  no  | yes
Esacpe key               |  no  | yes
Restore key              |  no  | yes
Reset button             |  no  | yes
Number of CTRL keys      |   1  |   2
Built in ML Monitor      |  no  | yes
Built in software        |  no  | yes
---------------------------------------
Compatibility            |  64  |  +4
---------------------------------------
1541 disk drive          | yes  | yes
MSD single/dual drive    | yes  | yes
1525/MPS-801 printer     | yes  | yes
Datassette               |1530  |1531
1600/1650 modem          | yes  |  no
1660 modem               |  no  | yes
RS-1011A rs-232 cart     | yes  | yes
1701,1702/1703 Monitors  | yes  | yes
ATARI joystick           | yes  |  no
---------------------------------------
List price               |209.95|299.95


How to get rid of Radio Frequency
Interference (RFI) in modem connections
to telephone systems.

RFI is a common problem when you use a
direct connect modem and live close to
a strong radio signal transmitter. The
problem itself is the picking up of the
radio signal (the music or talk) from
the phone lines and having it interfere
with the normal operation. The wire of
the phone line itself acts as an 
antenna and the modem acts as a
detector. The phone itself could also
pick up some RFI.

To eliminate the problem you must
prevent the radio signal from entering
the telephone/modem setup. This is done
with an RFI filter. A RFI filter can
be bought from most any Radio Shack or
electronics store, or you can build
your own with a minimum of parts.

A store bought RFI filter is usally
a small metal box with 4 terminals on
it. (Also known as a Power Line RFI
filter, used to prevent RFI comming
in/out a power circuit.)
This box is connected between your
phone line and the telephone/modem.


        *********
>-------@       @-------->
Phone   *       *     phone/modem
Line    * RFI   *
        * Filter*
>-------@       @-------->
        *********	           |
           Ground case.


You can build your own RFI filter from
2 inexpensive .001 disk capacitors.
These too, are avalible from electronic
stores. You can also add Ferrite Beads
if your RFI is very bad. The beads are
small parts of an iron substance that
help block radio signals and can also
be bought at the electronic store.


>----------+--------===------->
Phone      |       Bead    phone/modem
Line       |
           O  .001 Cap.
           |
           |
           X----->Good Earth Gr	nd.
           |
           |
           O
           |
           |
>----------+--------===-------->


You can see that both sides of the
phone line are connected through a
.001 disk capacitor to a good earth
ground and that the Beads are slipped
on a bare piece of wire in the phone
line. This should help eliminate
most if not all of the radio signal
comming in over the phone line.

Please note that this information
is provided for reference only and that
RFI problems should be reported to
your local pho	 company.
-Chrisdos

 [76703,717]
"RIF file documentation by Joel Rubin
"Relative files cannot be uploaded or downloaded or easily copied.
"A RIF file, on the other hand, may be up or downloaded as a Compuserve
".img or .bin file and copied with a standard file copier.
"The RIF file format is simple:
"It is a seq file, whose first three bytes are:
"     chr$(size of records)
"     chr$(# of records-256*int(# of records/256))
"     chr$(# of records/256)
"Afterwards, the records are just dumped, one after another.
"It should be noted that a relative file, unlike other Commodore files,
"exhibits a certain granularity.
"A relative file will always extend to the last record which fits
"entirely on the last block which is partially used.
"Thus, for example, if the records are 40 bytes, and the last record
"written begins at byte 24 of the last block, then the relative
"file will contain the record from bytes 64-103, 104-143, 144-183,
"and 184-223 even those these records were never written.
"There is no way to determine from the disk that these records are
"not really part of the file.  So, if you want to make a definite
"end of file, you will have to write a definite character 	 the
"end of the file.  (just as you have to end a CP/M text file with
"CTRL-Z)
"reltrf.img converts a relative file to its corresponding rif
"format.  It is set up for a single 1541 disk drive but you
"can change it.  riftrl.img is the inverse program.
"The programs are in interpreted BASIC with a machine languge
"subroutine.  They may be compilable by DTL/InstaSpeed, but
"not by any other compiler.
RLE2HR    (C) 1986 Chrisdos. All rights reserved.

 RLE2HR will display a picture on the C64 screen from data in a RLE file
captured or downloaded from Compuserve.
 Operation is simple, with the RLE file on your disk, just load and run
RLE2HR. You will be prompted for the FULL filename of the RLE file. Just
enter it, and RLE2HR will read the file and build the picture on the screen.
.
When the picture is displayed, press any key to return to normal. You may rerun
RLE2HR to view another picture.
. You can get RLE files in one of two ways. Download them if they are avalible
in a SIG data library, or RAM BUFFER CAPTURE them if it is an online CB
picture, weater map, etc.
 Either way, RLE2HR will convert the RLE data in the file to a picture.
RLE files are SEQ type.
. -Chrisdos

      RLEDEC.BAS
  (c) 1985 by Chrisdos

RLEDEC.BAS is a basic program that will read a captured RLE (Run Lenght Encoded)
Picture File and print it to any STANDARD printer. That is, you do not require
a high resolution bit image printer to use this program. Any printer, including
daisy wheels may be used. This program, being written in basic, is slow, but
does a respectable job. The program operates by crunching the HI-Res data in
to a LOW-RES Ascii character format that can be printed.
Written for the Commodore 64, it can be modified with little trouble for
other machines as there are no fancy tricks used and it is simple basic.
(ie, for TRS computers, change PRINT#4 to LPRINT, etc.)

Operation:
----------
 You must have a terminal program capable of doing a RAM BUFFER capture
of the RLE Picture data. You ask CIS to display the picture, and open your
RAM buffer and capture the data. When it is finished you save the data
to your disk in ASCII format. It is this file that RLEDEC.BAS will use to
build the picture. You capture the pictures you want, then log off.
 You then load and run RLEDEC.BAS and you are prompted for the file name
of your picture file. RLEDEC will read the information from the file, crunch
it into ASCII symbols and print it to your line printer.

Perspective correction.
-----------------------
RLEDEC will print the picture on a 64 by 48 grid, This is  the
original perspective of 256 by 192 but the line printer will space
longer on the vertical axis than it does between characters on the
horizontal axis. This may make the picture a little longer than it should be.
If your printer supports a function to make the lines print closer together
(normal is 6 Lines per inch) then set it to do so. (8 lines or better per inch.)

Grey Scale correction.
----------------------
RLEDEC takes a 16 by 16 chunk of the picture and converts it to printable
ASCII characters on the basis of how black each chunk should be. The chunk
can have a value of 0 to 16 (the array variable A in the program) with
0 being a blank space to 16 being the darkest character you can print.
The program as provided uses 8 characters (plus blank) to decode the chunk,
you may need to alter the characters to suit your printer. These are lines
210 to 250 in the program. You may also wish to chage and add more lines so
that all 16 values produce a different character on your printer should
your printer support a wider range.
As the program stands now, 0 = (blank), 1-2 = ', 3-4 = ., 5-6 = /, 7-8 = :
9-10 = %, 11-12 = $, 13-14 = # and 15-16 = *. You may wish to alter the
weighting of the scale as well to produce different results in the printout.


The following is the program RLEDEC.BAS. It is also avalible in .BIN and .IMG
form in DL2 of the CBIG SIG as RLEDEC.BIN and RLEDEC.IMG.


 If you have any questions or need help, please leave a message to SYSOP
in the CBIG SIG. (GO CBIG from any ! prompt.)

Thank you -Chrisdos Cbig Sysop
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 rem print rle (c) 1985 by chrisdos
20 dim a(64):pc=0:c=0:rem make c=1 to reverse image
30 input"enter picture filename>";f$
40 open8,8,8,f$+",r,s":rem open disk file
50 open4,4:rem open printer
60 get#8,x$:ifx$<>chr$(27)goto60:rem check for esc code
70 get#8,x$,x$:rem skip "gh"
99 rem crunch 4 rle lines into 1 print line
100 for l = 1 to 4:for ol = 1 to 64
105 printl,ol
110 for il = 1 to 4
120 if pc=0 then gosub 500:print"*";
130 a(ol) = a(ol) + c
140 pc=pc-1
150 next:next:next
199 rem grey scale and print line.
200 for p = 1 to 64
210 if a(p)= 0 then print#4," ";:goto300
215 ifa(p)<=2 thenprint#4,"'";:goto300
220 if a(p)<=4 then print#4,".";:goto300
225 ifa(p)<=6 thenprint#4,"/";:goto300
230 if a(p)<=8 then print#4,":";:goto300
235 ifa(p)<=10thenprint#4,"%";:goto300
240 if a(p)<=12thenprint#4,"$";:goto300
245 ifa(p)<=14thenprint#4,"#";:goto300
250 if a(p)<=16thenprint#4,"*";:goto300
300 next p
310 print#4
330 for x=1to64:a(x)=0:next:rem clear array
340 goto 100
500 get#8,i$:pc=asc(i$)-32:rem read next char from file & convert
510 if st=64 goto 1000:rem end of file?
520 c=1+(c=1):rem toggle black/white
    (note: May need to be changed to: 520 if c=1 then c=0 else c=1 )
530 if pc=0 goto 500:rem was zero, do again
540 return
1000 close 8:close 4:rem exit ! the end
1010 stop

Note: To make the program run a little faster, you may want to remove all the
REM statements.

Note to CBterm users: CBterm Ver 4.5 displays the RLE picture to the screen
and does not normally allow you to capture the RLE information in the RAM
buffer. Should you wish to capture the data in CBterms buffer, you may do this:
 LOAD CBTERM, but do not run it yet.
 POKE 2871,255
 RUN
 This will disable CBterm from recieveing ESC codes, so any function that
relies on ESC will not operate (Cursor positioning, graphics mode, etc.)
With this poke in place, you will be able to RAM buffer capture and save
the RLE info to disk, so only use the poke when you want to do so.
The procedure would be to goto page CB65 and there select the picture you
want to capture, just before entering the selection, clear and open your
RAM buffer. (C= Z C= O) Then select the picture and the data will be 
transmitted. When it stops (the bell rings) you close the buffer (C= C) and
do an WRITE to disk (C= W) Save the file as Sequential and Ascii.

101 things to do with .RLE
(But did not know what .RLE was!)

 By Chrisdos CBIG Sig Sysop
    [76703,717]

(c) 1986 by Chrisdos. All rights reserved.


RLE - Run Lenght Encoding.
	A method of encoding HiResolution bit mapped images so as to make it
possible to up and download the image to different brands of computers.
	There are a number of computers that can decode .RLE images, and
programs for others are being developed. All that is required is that
the computer have a HiRes screen of at least 256 pixels wide by 192 down.
.RLE images are in black and white, so color is not important. This provides
for compatability on a wide range of machines.
	The largest use of .RLE images at this point in time seems to be
on Commodore 64s, then TRS80 Color Computers, and others. There was, untill
recently, no software avalible for most machines to produce an .RLE image, but
this too is quickly being rectified.
	I will cover some basics of .RLE here, refering to Commodore 64
programs mostly as that as the computer I use most. I am sure that other 
computers will have programs that do the same things avalible.

	RLE and Compuserve
	------------------
	.RLE was first used to produce the HiRes weather maps (GO AWX-4) and
later for the CB Users Pictres (GO CB-65) and FBI 10 Most Wanted list (GO TEN)
and other images. The first decoding programs were for off line viewing on
most computers, untill the various VIDTEX programs could be updated to
do the graphics.
	When viewed off line, the .RLE data was captured in a ram buffer and
saved to disk, to be processed later by a displayer program. This was a bit
round-a-bout to say the least. I believe VIDTEX for the COCO was the first to
be able to display the .RLE images. Then came CBterm/C64 for the Commodore 64.
(CBterm is avalible in DL2 of the CBIG SIG, GO CBIG) Then VIDTEX 4.2 also
for the Commodore. There are also display programs, both for sale and public
for just about all the other popular computers.
	All the original images were provided by Compuserve, as there were
really no other programs to produce the .RLE information, and as such, there
were no databases of .RLE files to get at, you had to READ the image, you
could not really get to the file to, say, download it. But as programs became
avalible to produce your own .RLE images, users began to upload them to Forum
databases, where that could either be READ or DOWNLOADED. One of the first
such programs for the C64 was HR2RLE. (Avalible in DL2 of CBIG.) With this
program, users could convert their own pictures and upload them to share with
others. Of course, a corrisponding RLE2HR program was provided to check the
.RLE file produced to see what the image would look like in this format.
Again, programs for other compters are avalible now, or soon will be.
	Now viewing the files is fairly eazy, but where do you get the original
pictures to convert?? Well, on the C64 there are 2 main formats used most
often for hires images, this is Doodle and Koala. Almost all Doodle Images
can be translated directly to .RLE format. Koala take a little more work,
as it is a multicolor image, and some of the color must be converted to
black and white to get a good image. (Programs to do all kinds of conversions
are avalible in DL2 of CBIG. Do a BRO /KEY KOALA or BRO /KEY DOODLE)
So if you had an image you drew, you can usally find a program that will
get it into .RLE format. Not to be left out, some people use video digitizers
to produce an image, and then convert that.
There are even programs that will take images drawn on other compters and
directly translate it into a file compatable with your computer, that you can
then translate into .RLE that is even more compatable with other compters.
(See COCO64 in DL2 CBIG) And if that were not enugh, programs are even being
created to convert all the old ASCII Line Printer Art files into High Resolution
screen images. (LPT2HR, et al.) When things are done right, a program also 
will reverse what it has done so it can convert in the oppisite direction as 
well. All this leads back to the .RLE file again, once an image is converted
to the .RLE file, it can be uploaded to a Forums database,  there it can
either be Downloaded, if you wish to work on it off line, or READ if your
terminal program will display the image directly. 
	A .RLE image ir composed of a control character header, that tells the
terminal program what type of file follows (for there is also MEDIUM resoltion)
and then a string of ASCII characters, each one representing the number of
pixels to set or not. At the end is another control string to turn graphics
off on your computer.   .RLE is relitivily easy to decode, and there is 
a primer on doing it on your compter in basic to be found in dl2 of CBIG. If
a display program does not already exsist for your machine, this is the place
to start in writing your own. More .RLE information can also be had by doing
a GO VIDTEX and reading the tech library there.
	So now that you have created or downloaded a .RLE file and have
displayed it, what good is it? Well most programs should allow you to dump the
image to a printer or disk. If you can dump to disk, it is usally in one
of 2 ways. You save the .RLE data itself, or you save the hiRes screen in
a usable format. On  a CoCo, the screen is saved in a BIN dump format most 
often, that can be redisplayed easyly. On a C64, depending on the program
involved, images can be saved in Doodle or Koala format, and used by these
programs, or other utilities. Again, other program exsist for other machines,
are are at least in the works. (See the file CBTERM.TXT in dl2 of CBIG for
a full index to CBterm and RLE conversion programs for the C64 compter. Also
there are programs for other computers as well. If you know of a .RLE program
I dont have, pleae upload it there.)
An example of a .RLE save would be VIDTEX 4.2 for the C64, it does not save the
screen, but records the RLE data in its RAM buffer, and will save that to
disk. Then it can be reloaded into VIDTEX from disk, and redisplayed. An
overlay utility has been written for Vidtexx 4.2 that will allow direct
saving of the HiRes screen, and this is a more usefull item and you can
save in a format compatable with drawing programs. (VTXDD2 and VTXKO2)

	Now, printing the image is what its all about isn't it?
It's nice to view the image, but its better to print it for later display.
This assumes you have a printer of course, and it is capable of doing
HiRes graphics. Some terminal/display programs allow for direct online dumping
of the HiRes screen (CBterm/c64 for example) while others reqire you
to save the image to disk and print it with another program. Either way, there
are programs that will allow this on most machines.
(Or at least being worked on, Check with the SYSOP of your machines' Forum.)
The latest advent in printing, is for those users that do not have a printer
that can do HiRes graphics directly, and that is a program that will produce
an ASCII line printer file directly from a HiResolution screen. This file
can be printer on any printer then. So things have come full circle !

As I stated, programs are being developed to do new things with .RLE graphics
on most computers. As a byproduct, communications and utility programs are also
being improved.  .RLE was made to be compatible with a wide variety of machines,
and the list is growing each day.

There is no end to .RLE graphics, what started at a means of showing off the
Weather Radar Maps has grown into huge picture and program Data Libraries!

For more help with programs for your brand of computer, contact the SYSOP
of your machine's Forum or BROwse the various Data Libraries on CompuServe
with   bro *.rle     You never know what you may find there.
 -Chrisdos CBIG Sysop
;========================================================================================
;	VIC-20 KERNEL and BASIC ROM Variable Equates
;	(c) 1996 Richard A. Cini, Jr. All Rights Reserved.
;
;	Portions of this have been derived from a file in comp.sys.cbm dated 9/1/94.
;	File was restructured to be used as part of an <#INCLUDE> assembler directive.
;	Undefined symbols from the comp.sys.cbm doc were created; others cleaned-up.
;	Variable locations were cross-referenced against other sources for correctness.
;
;
;  Release History:
;  ================
;  1996/12/13	0.10	First release to CBMAPPS (sort of public beta)
;
;========================================================================================

;
;Public KERNEL API
; For indirected vectors, remember to use an indirect JSR to "call through" to function.
;
ACPTR  =$EF19		;Receive From Serial Bus
;BREAK  =$FED2		;Break vector handler
BREAK  =IBREAK
;CHKIN  =$F2C7		;Set Input Device
CHKIN  =ICHKIN
;CHKOUT =$F309		;Set Output Device
CHKOUT =ICHKOUT
;CHRIN  =$F20E		;Input a byte
CHRIN  =ICHRIN
;CHROUT =$F27A		;Output One Character
CHROUT =ICHROUT
CIOUT  =$EEE4		;Send Serial Deferred
;CLALL  =$F3EF		;Abort All Files
CLALL  =ICLALL
;CLOSE  =$F34A		;Close File
CLOSE  =ICLOSE
;CLRCHN =$F3F3		;Restore Default I/O
CLRCHN =ICLRCHN
;GETIN  =$F1F5		;Get a byte
GETIN  =IGETIN
IOBASE =$E500		;Return I/O Base Address
LISTN  =$EE17		;Send LISTEN Command on Serial Bus	
LOAD   =$F542		;Load RAM From Device (flows to ILINKL)
MEMBOT =$FE82		;Set / Read Bottom of Memory
MEMTOP =$FE73		;Set / Read Top of Memory
;OPEN   =$F40A		;Open File
OPEN   =IOPEN
PLOT   =$E50A
RDTIM  =$F760		;Read Real-Time Clock
READST =$FE57		;Get I/O Status Word
RESTOR =$FD52		;Restore Kernal Vectors (at $0314)
SAVE   =$F675		;Save RAM To Device (flows to ILINKS)
SCNKEY =$EB1E		;Scan keyboard
SCREEN =$E505
SECND  =$EEC0		;Send LISTEN Secondary Address
SETLFS =$FE50		;Set Logical File Parameters
SETMSG =$FE66		;Control OS Messages
SETNAM =$FE49		;Set Filename
SETTIM =$F767		;Set Real-Time Clock
SETTMO =$FE6F		;Set IEEE Timeout
;STOP   =$F770		;Check STOP Key
STOP   =ISTOP
TALK   =$EE14		;Send TALK Command on Serial Bus	
TKSA   =$EECE		;Send TALK Secondary Address
UDTIM  =$F734		;Increment Real-Time Clock
UNLSN  =$EF04		;Send UNLISTEN on Serial Bus
UNTLK  =$EEF6		;Send UNTALK on Serial Bus
;USER   =$FED2		;User vector
USER   =IUSER
VECTOR =$FD57		;Change Vectors For User
;
;
;Transfer Vectors
; Generally, these are not meant to be called by USER programs, except maybe IRQ, which
; can be called to chain interrupts.
NMI    =NMIXFR		; FFFA =>FEA9=>(0318)
RESET  =RSTXFR		; FFFC =>FD22
IRQ    =IRQXFR		; FFFE =>FF72=>(0314)/(0316)

;
;Indirected vectors
; These are the locations specified in the KERNEL ROM. I think that it is easier to call the function
; directly. KERNEL has the following, for example:
;
;BREAK	JMP($0316)
;
IBREAK  =$0316		;Break vector (FED2)
ICHKIN  =$031E		;Set Input Device
ICHKOUT =$0320		;Set Output Devic
ICHRIN  =$0324		;Input a byte
ICHROUT =$0326		;Output One Character
ICLALL  =$032C		;Abort All Files
ICLOSE  =$031C		;Close File
ICLRCHN =$0322		;Restore Default I/O
IGETIN  =$032A		;Get a byte
IIRQ    =$0314		;IRQ vector pointer (EABF)
ILINKL  =$0330		;Link to LOAD
ILINKS  =$0332		;Link to SAVE
INMI    =$0318		;Non-maskable interrupt vector pointer (FEAD)
IOPEN   =$031A		;Open File
ISTOP   =$0328		;Check STOP Key
IUSER   =$032E		;User vector (FED2)

;
;General ROM variable equates
;BASIC
BENTER =$c000		;Basic Restart Vectors
BPANIC =$C002		;Basic PANIC entry
BASSIG =$c004		;'cbmbasic'

STMDSP =$c00c		;BASIC Command Vectors
FUNDSP =$c052		;BASIC Function Vectors
OPTAB  =$c080		;BASIC Operator Vectors
RESLST =$c09e		;BASIC Command Keyword Table
MSCLST =$c129		;BASIC Misc. Keyword Table
OPLIST =$c140		;BASIC Operator Keyword Table
FUNLST =$c14d		;BASIC Function Keyword Table
ERRTAB =$c19e		;Error Message Table
ERRPTR =$c328		;Error Message Pointers
OKK    =$c364		;Misc. Messages
			;c364	;'<cr>ok<cr>'
			;c369	;'error'
		
UNUSE1 =$c389		;Unused byte
FNDFOR =$c38a		;Find FOR/GOSUB Entry on Stack
BLTU   =$c3b8		;Open Space in Memory
GETSTK =$c3fb		;Check Stack Depth
REASON =$c408		;Check Memory Overlap
OMERR  =$c435		;Output "?OUT OF MEMORY Error"
ERROR  =$c437		;Error Routine
ERRFIN =$c469		;Break Entry
READY  =$c474		;BASIC ready entry
MAIN   =$c480		;Input & Identify BASIC Line
MAIN1  =$c49c		;Get Line Number & Tokenise Text
INSLIN =$c4a2		;Insert BASIC Text
LNKPRG =$c533		;Rechain Lines
INLIN  =$c560		;Input Line Into Buffer
CRUNCH =$c579		;Tokenize Input Buffer
FNDLIN =$c613		;Search for Line Number
SCRTCH =$c642		;Perform [new]
CLEAR  =$c65e		;Perform [clr]
STXPT  =$c68e		;Reset TXTPTR
LIST   =$c69c		;Perform [list]
QPLOP  =$c717		;Handle LIST 
FOR    =$c742		;Perform [for]
NEWSTT =$c7ae		;BASIC Warm Start
CKEOL  =$c7c4		;Check End of Program
GONE   =$c7e1		;Prepare to execute statement
GONE3  =$c7ed		;Perform BASIC Keyword
RESTOR =$c81d		;Perform [restore]
STOP   =$c82c		;Perform [stop], [end], break
CONT   =$c857		;Perform [cont]
RUN    =$c871		;Perform [run]
GOSUB  =$c883		;Perform [gosub]
GOTO   =$c8a0		;Perform [goto]
RETURN =$c8d2		;Perform [return]
DATA   =$c8f8		;Perform [data]
DATAN  =$c906		;Search for Next Statement / Line
IF     =$c928		;Perform [if]
REM    =$c93b		;Perform [rem]
ONGOTO =$c94b		;Perform [on]
LINGET =$c96b		;Fetch linnum From BASIC
LET    =$c9a5		;Perform [let]
PUTINT =$c9c4		;Assign Integer
PTFLPT =$c9d6		;Assign Floating Point
PUTSTR =$c9d9		;Assign String
PUTTIM =$c9e3		;Assign TI$
GETSPT =$ca2c		;Add Digit to FAC#1
PRINTN =$ca80		;Perform [print#]
CMD    =$ca86		;Perform [cmd]
STRDON =$ca9a		;Print String From Memory
PRINT  =$caa0		;Perform [print]
VAROP  =$cab8		;Output Variable	
CRDO   =$cad7		;Output CR/LF	
COMPRT =$cae8		;Handle comma, TAB(, SPC(
STROUT =$cb1e		;Output String	
OUTSPC =$cb3b		;Output Format Character	
DOAGIN =$cb4d		;Handle Bad Data	
GET    =$cb7b		;Perform [get]	
INPUTN =$cba5		;Perform [input#]	
INPUT  =$cbbf		;Perform [input]	
BUFFUL =$cbea		;Read Input Buffer	
QINLIN =$cbf9		;Do Input Prompt	
READ   =$cc06		;Perform [read]	
RDGET  =$cc35		;General Purpose Read Routine	
EXINT  =$ccfc		;Input Error Messages
			;ccfc	'?EXTRA IGNORED<CR>'	
			;cd0c	'?REDO FROM START<CR>'	
		
NEXT   =$cd1e		;Perform [next]
DONEXT =$cd61		;Check Valid Loop
FRMNUM =$cd8a		;Confirm Result
FRMEVL =$cd9e		;Evaluate Expression in Text
EVAL   =$ce83		;Evaluate Single Term
PIVAL  =$cea8		;Constant - pi
QDOT   =$cead		;Continue Expression
PARCHK =$cef1		;Expression in Brackets
CHKCLS =$cef7		;Confirm Character
CHKPNC =$cef7		;test ')'
CHKPNO =$cefa		;test '('
CHKCOM =$cefd		;test comma
SNERR  =$cf08		;Output "?SYNTAX Error"
DOMIN  =$cf0d		;Set up NOT Function
RSVVAR =$cf14		;Identify Reserved Variable
ISVAR  =$cf28		;Search for Variable	
TISASC =$cf48		;Convert TI to ASCII String	
ISFUN  =$cfa7		;Identify Function Type	
STRFUN =$cfb1		;Evaluate String Function	
NUMFUN =$cfd1		;Evaluate Numeric Function	
OROP   =$cfe6		;Perform [or], [and]"	
DOREL  =$d016		;Perform <, =, >"	
NUMREL =$d01b		;Numeric Comparison	
STRREL =$d02e		;String Comparison	
DIM    =$d07e		;Perform [dim]	
PTRGET =$d08b		;Identify Variable	
ORDVAR =$d0e7		;Locate Ordinary Variable	
NOTFNS =$d11d		;Create New Variable	
NOTEVL =$d128		;Create Variable	
ARYGET =$d194		;Allocate Array Pointer Space	
N32768 =$d1a5		;Constant 32768 in Flpt	DATA
FACINX =$d1aa		;FAC#1 to Integer in (AC/YR)
INTIDX =$d1b2		;Evaluate Text for Integer
AYINT  =$d1bf		;FAC#1 to Positive Integer
ISARY  =$d1d1		;Get Array Parameters
FNDARY =$d218		;Find Array
BSERR  =$d245		;"?Bad subscript error"
FCERR  =$d248		;"?Illegal quantity error"
NOTFDD =$d261		;Create Array
INLPN2 =$d30e		;Locate Element in Array
UMULT  =$d34c		;Number of Bytes in Subscript
FRE    =$d37d		;Perform [fre]
GIVAYF =$d391		;Convert Integer in (AC/YR) to Flpt
POS    =$d39e		;Perform [pos]
ERRDIR =$d3a6		;Confirm Program Mode
GETFNM =$d3e1		;Check Syntax of FN
FNDOER =$d3f4		;Perform [fn]
STRD   =$d465		;Perform [str$]
STRLIT =$d487		;Setup String
PUTNW1 =$d4d5		;Save String Descriptor
GETSPA =$d4f4		;Allocate Space for String
GARBAG =$d526		;Garbage Collection
DVARS  =$d5bd		;Search for Next String
GRBPAS =$d606		;Collect a String
CAT    =$d63d		;Concatenate Two Strings
MOVINS =$d67a		;Store String in High RAM
FRESTR =$d6a3		;Perform String Housekeeping
FREFAC =$d6db		;Clean Descriptor Stack
CHRD   =$d6ec		;Perform [chr$]
LEFTD  =$d700		;Perform [left$]
RIGHTD =$d72c		;Perform [right$]
MIDD   =$d737		;Perform [mid$]
PREAM  =$d761		;Pull sTring Parameters
LEN    =$d77c		;Perform [len]
LEN1   =$d782		;Exit String Mode
ASC    =$d78b		;Perform [asc]
GTBYTC =$d79b		;Evaluate Text to 1 Byte in XR
VAL    =$d7ad		;Perform [val]
STRVAL =$d7b5		;Convert ASCII String to Flpt
GETNUM =$d7eb		;Get parameters for POKE/WAIT
GETADR =$d7f7		;Convert FAC#1 to Integer in LINNUM
PEEK   =$d80d		;Perform [peek]
POKE   =$d824		;Perform [poke]
WAIT   =$d82d		;Perform [wait]
FADDH  =$d849		;Add 0.5 to FAC#1
FSUB   =$d850		;Perform Subtraction
FADD5  =$d862		;Normalize Addition
FADD   =$d867		;Perform Addition
NEGFAC =$d947		;2's Complement FAC#1
OVERR  =$d97e		;"?OVERFLOW Error"
MULSHF =$d983		;Multiply by Zero Byte
FONE   =$d9bc		;Table of Flpt Constants
LOG    =$d9ea		;Perform [log]
FMULT  =$da28		;Perform Multiply
MULPLY =$da59		;Multiply by a Byte
CONUPK =$da8c		;Load FAC#2 From Memory
MULDIV =$dab7		;Test Both Accumulators
MLDVEX =$dad4		;Overflow / Underflow
MUL10  =$dae2		;Multiply FAC#1 by 10
TENC   =$daf9		;Constant 10 in Flpt
DIV10  =$dafe		;Divide FAC#1 by 10
FDIV   =$db07		;Divide FAC#2 by Flpt at (AC/YR)
FDIVT  =$db0f		;Divide FAC#2 by FAC#1
MOVFM  =$dba2		;Load FAC#1 From Memory
MOV2F  =$dbc7		;Store FAC#1 in Memory
MOVFA  =$dbfc		;Copy FAC#2 into FAC#1	
MOVAF  =$dc0c		;Copy FAC#1 into FAC#2	
ROUND  =$dc1b		;Round FAC#1	
SIGN   =$dc2b		;Check Sign of FAC#1	
SGN    =$dc39		;Perform [sgn]	
ABS    =$dc58		;Perform [abs]	
FCOMP  =$dc5b		;Compare FAC#1 With Memory	
QINT   =$dc9b		;Convert FAC#1 to Integer	
INT    =$dccc		;Perform [int]	
FIN    =$dcf3		;Convert ASCII String to a Number in FAC#1	
N0999  =$ddb3		;String Conversion Constants
INPRT  =$ddc2		;Output 'IN ' + Line Number	
FOUT   =$dddd		;Convert FAC#1 to ASCII String	
FOUTIM =$de68		;Convert TI to String	
FHALF  =$df11		;Table of Constants	
SQR    =$df71		;Perform [sqr]	
FPWRT  =$df7b		;Perform power ($)
NEGOP  =$dfb4		;Negate FAC#1
LOGEB2 =$dfbf		;Table of Constants
EXP    =$dfed		;Perform [exp]

;	
;Kernel ROM
; Code continues from Basic ROM
;	
POLYX  =$e040		;Series Evaluation
RMULC  =$e08a		;Constants for RND
RND    =$e094		;Perform [rnd]
BIOERR =$e0f6		;Handle I/O Error in BASIC
BCHOUT =$e109		;Output Character
BCHIN  =$e10f		;Input Character
BCKOUT =$e115		;Setup For Output
BCKIN  =$e11b		;Setup For Input
BGETIN =$e121		;Get One Character
SYS    =$e127		;Perform [sys]
SAVET  =$e153		;Perform [save]
VERFYT =$e162		;Perform [verify / load]
OPENT  =$e1bb		;Perform [open]
CLOSET =$e1c4		;Perform [close]
SLPARA =$e1d1		;Get Parameters For LOAD/SAVE
COMBYT =$e1fd		;Get Next One Byte Parameter
DEFLT  =$e203		;Check Default Parameters
CMMERR =$e20b		;Check For Comma
OCPARA =$e216		;Get Parameters For OPEN/CLOSE
COS    =$e261		;Perform [cos]
SIN    =$e268		;Perform [sin]
TAN    =$e2b1		;Perform [tan]
PI2    =$e2dd		Table of Trig Constants
			;e2dd	pi/2   1.570796327
			;e2e2	pi*2   6.28318531
			;e2e7	0.25
			;e2ec	#05(counter)
			;e2ed	-14.3813907
			;e2f2	42.0077971
			;e2f7	-76.7041703
			;e2fc	81.6052237
			;e301	-41.3417021
			;e306	6.28318531
		
ATN    =$e30b		;Perform [atn]
ATNCON =$e33b		;Table of ATN Constants
			;e33b	#0B(counter)
			;e3ec	-0.000684794
			;e341	0.004850942
			;e346	-0.161117018
			;e34b	0.034209638
			;e350	-0.054279133
			;e355	0.072457197
			;e35a	-0.089802395
			;e35f	0.110932413
			;e364	-0.142839808
			;e369	0.19999912
			;e36e	-0.333333316
			;e373	1
		
INIT   =$e378		;BASIC Cold Start
INITAT =$e387		;CHRGET For Zero-page
RNDSED =$e39f		;RND Seed For zero-page (0.811635157)
INITCZ =$e3a4		;Initialize BASIC RAM
INITMS =$e404		;Output Power-Up Message
WORDS  =$e429		;Power-up Message
			;e429	' BYTES FREE<CR>'
			;e436	'<CLR>**** CBM BASIC V2 ****<CR>'
		
BVTRS  =$e44f		;Table of BASIC Vectors (for 0300)
INITV  =$e45b		;Initialize Vectors
BASSFT =$e467		;BASIC Warm Restart [RUN/STOP-RESTORE]
UNKNO1 =$e475		;UNKNOWN
UNUSD2 =$e47c		;Unused Bytes For Future Patches
SOUT1  =$e4a0		;Serial Output 1
SOUT0  =$e4a9		;Serial Output 0
SDCLK  =$e4b2		;Get Serial Data And Clock In
SSADR  =$e4bc		;Get Secondary Address patch for Serial LOAD/VERIFY
SLDPCH =$e4c1		;Relocated Load patch for Serial LOAD/VERIFY
TPWPCH =$e4cf		;Tape Write patch for CLOSE
UNUSD3 =$e4da		;Unused	
SCREEN =$e505		;Return Screen Organization
PLOT   =$e50a		;Read / Set Cursor X/Y Position
CINT1  =$e518		;Initialize I/O
CLRSCN =$e55f		;Clear Screen
HOME   =$e581		;Home Cursor
SCNPTR =$e587		;Set Screen Pointers
IODEF1 =$e5b5		;Set I/O Defaults (Unused Entry)
IODEFL =$e5bb		;Set I/O Defaults
LP2    =$e5cf		;Get Character From Keyboard Buffer
INKEY  =$e5e5		;Input From Keyboard
INSCRN =$e64f		;Input From Screen or Keyboard
QUOTET =$e6b8		;Quotes Test
CMD4   =$e6c5		;Set Up Screen Print
CSRPLS =$e6ea		;Advance Cursor
CSRMIN =$e719		;Retreat Cursor
CSRUP  =$e72d		;Back on to Previous Line
OUTSCR =$e742		;Output to Screen
NOSHCH =$e756		;-unshifted characters-
SHCHRS =$e800		;-shifted characters-
NEWLIN =$e8c3		;Go to Next Line
CR     =$e8d8		;Output <CR>
CKLNMI =$e8e8		;Check Line Decrement
CKLNPL =$e8fa		;Check Line Increment
STCLRC =$e912		;Set Color Code
COLRTB =$e921		;Color Code Table
UNKNO2 =$e929		;Unknown
SCRLSC =$e975		;Scroll Screen
INSSPC =$e9ee		;Open a Space On The Screen
MOVELN =$ea56		;Move a Screen Line
COPYCL =$ea6e		;Syncronize Color Transfer
LINSTR =$ea7e		;Set Start of Line
CLRLIN =$ea8d		;Clear Screen Line
PRNSCR =$eaa1		;Print To Screen
SNCLRP =$eab2		;Syncronize Color Pointer
IRQENT =$eabf		;Main IRQ Entry Point
SCNKEY =$eb1e		;Scan Keyboard
PROCKY =$eb71		;Process Key Image
KDECOD =$ec46		;Pointers to Keyboard decoding tables	
KDECD1 =$ec5e		;Keyboard Decoding Table-Unshifted
KDECD2 =$ec9f		;Keyboard Decoding Table-Shifted
KDECD3 =$ece0		;Keyboard Decoding Table-Commodore	
GRTXTF =$ed21		;Graphics/Text Control
KDECD4 =$ed69		;Keyboard Decoding Table	
KDECD5 =$eda3		;Keyboard Decoding Table-Control
VICSUP =$ede4		;Video Chip Set Up Table	
RUNSHF =$edf4		;Shift-Run Equivalent	
LBSCAD =$edfd		;Low Byte Screen Line Addresses
OTDSBU =$ee49		;Send Data On Serial Bus	
FLGERR =$eeb4		;Flag Errors	
			;eeb4  STATUS #80 - DEVICE NOT PRESENT
			;eeb7	 STATUS #03 - WRITE TIMEOUT
CLRATN =$eec5		;Clear ATN
WTFCLK =$eed3		;Wait For Clock
SCLK1  =$ef84		;Serial Clock On
SCLK0  =$ef8d		;Serial Clock Off
DELAY  =$ef96		;Delay 1 ms
SSEND  =$efa3		;RS-232 Send
SSNDN  =$efee		;Send New RS-232 Byte
DSRERR =$f016		;'No DSR' Error	
CTSERR =$f019		;'No CTS' Error	
DISTIM =$f021		;Disable Timer	
BITCNT =$f027		;Compute Bit Count	
SERRX  =$f036		;RS-232 Receive	
RXSET  =$f05b		;Setup To Receive	
PROCSB =$f068		;Process RS-232 Byte	
SSUBBT =$f0bc		;Submit to RS-232	
SSENDB =$f0ed		;Send to RS-232 Buffer	
SERINP =$f116		;Input From RS-232	
SERGET =$f14f		;Get From RS-232	
SBIDLE =$f160		;Serial Bus Idle	
KIOMST =$f174		;Table of Kernal I/O Messages
			;f174	'<CR> I/O ERROR #'	
			;f1df	'OK<CR>'
DIRMSG =$f1e2		;Print Message if Direct
MSG    =$f1e6		;Print Message
GTTSCH =$f250		;Get From Tape / Serial / RS-232
FIND   =$f3cf		;Find File
FLATRB =$f3df		;Set File values
SENDSA =$f495		;Send Secondary Address
SEROPN =$f4c7		;Open RS-232
LOADLN =$f549		;-load-
SERLOA =$f55c		;Load File From Serial Bus
TAPLOA =$f5ca		;Load File From Tape
SRCHMS =$f647		;Print "SEARCHING"
FLNMMS =$f659		;Print Filename
LOADMS =$f66a		;Print "LOADING / VERIFYING"
SAVELN =$f685		;-save-
SERSAV =$f692		;Save to Serial Bus
TAPESV =$f6f1		;Save to Tape
SAVEMS =$f728		;Print "SAVING"
IOERMS =$f77e		;Output I/O Error Messages
			;f77e	'TOO MANY FILES'
			;f781	'FILE OPEN'
			;f784	'FILE NOT OPEN'
			;f787	'FILE NOT FOUND'
			;f78a	'DEVICE NOT PRESENT'
			;f78d	'NOT INPUT FILE'
			;f790	'NOT OUTPUT FILE'
			;f793	'MISSING FILENAME'
			;f796	'ILLEGAL DEVICE NUMBER'
LOCTPH =$f7af		;Find Any Tape Header
WRTPHD =$f7e7		;Write Tape Header
GETBFA =$f84d		;Get Buffer Address
SETBST =$f854		;Set Buffer Stat / End Pointers
LOCSPH =$f867		;Find Specific Tape Header
INCTPT =$f88a		;Bump Tape Pointer
PLAYMS =$f894		;"Print "PRESS PLAY ON TAPE"
TPSTAT =$f8ab		;Check Tape Status
RECDMS =$f8b7		;Print "PRESS RECORD..."
TPREAD =$f8c0		;Initiate Tape Read
TPWRIT =$f8e3		;Initiate Tape Write
TPCODE =$f8f4		;Common Tape Code
TPSTOP =$f94b		;Check Tape Stop
SETRDT =$f95d		;Set Read Timing
RDTPBT =$f98e		;Read Tape Bits
STORTC =$faad		;Store Tape Characters
RSTTPP =$fbd2		;Reset Tape Pointer
NCHAR  =$fbdb		;New Character Setup
TONE   =$fbea		;Send Tone to Tape
TWRDTA =$fc06		;Write Data to Tape
WRLEDR =$fc95		;Write Tape Leader
RESIRQ =$fccf		;Restore Normal IRQ
STOIRQ =$fcf6		;Set IRQ Vector
NOMOTR =$fd08		;Kill Tape Motor
CKWRPT =$fd11		;Check Read / Write Pointer
INCRDP =$fd1b		;Bump Read / Write Pointer
RSTXFR =$fd22		;Power-up RESET Entry
SCNROM =$fd3f		;Check For A000 ROM
ROMSG  =$fd4d		;Autostart ROM signature 'a0CBM'
KNLRSV =$fd6d		;Kernal reset vector table
RAMTAS =$FD8D		;Initialize System Constants
TPVECT =$fdf1		;IRQ vector table for tape I/O
IOINIT =$FDF9		;Initialize I/O
ENABTM =$fe39		;Enable Timer
NMIXFR =$fea9		;NMI Transfer Entry
WARMST =$fed2		;Warm Start Basic [BRK]
EOI    =$ff56		;Exit Interrupt
232TBL =$ff5b		;RS-232 Timing Table
IRQXFR =$ff72		;IRQ Transfer Entry

VIC-20 ROM Variable Equates	Page 1
12/13/96 8:54 AM



4-Mar-84 23:52 Fr [75765,1670]
     Machine-code wise there are two routines here.  The first one 
changes the vector (numbers in parenthesis are decimal address 
conversions):

033C (828)  78        SEI
033D (829)  A9 03     LDA #$03
033F (831)  8D 15 03  STA $0315
0342 (834)  A9 49     LDA #$49
0344 (836)  8D 14 03  STA $0314
0347 (839)  58        CLI
0348 (840)  60        RTS

   When the program is run, this is the program that is called by 
SYS828.  This, then, redirects the interrupts through the next part and 
returns control to the BASIC program.  The program then wipes itself out
with a NEW statement (but the machine code it created is alive and well 
in the casette buffer).  The real star of the show is the next part:

0349 (841)  AD 9C 02  LDA $029C
034C (844)  A8        TAY
034D (845)  4D 9B 02  EOR $029B
0350 (848)  F0 0E     BEQ $0360
0352 (850)  A5 C6     LDA $00C6
0354 (852)  D0 0A     BNE $0360
0356 (854)  B1 F7     LDA ($F7),Y
0358 (856)  8D 77 02  STA $0277
035B (859)  E6 C6     INC $C6
035D (861)  EE 9C 02  INC $029C
0360 (864)  4C BF EA  JMP $EABF (VIC version)
0360 (864)  4C 31 EA  JMP $EA31 (64 version)

Line 	 line, here is what's happening:

0349  Load the RS-232 input pointer
034C  and save it in the Y register.
034D  Compare it to the RS-232 receive pointer
0350  and if it's the same (empty RS-232 buffer) then exit.
0352  Otherwise, load number of characters in keyboard buffer
0354  and exit if NOT 0 (buffer NOT empty).
0356  Use the RS-232 receive pointer and the Y register to find the
      next character from the RS-232
0358  and store it in the keyboard buffer.
035B  Tell the operating system there is a	haracter in the keyboard
      buffer.
035D  Point the RS-232 buffer to the next character posistion.
0360  Jump to the normal interrupt routine entry point.

         rtty
     this is a machine
language  rtty program
for  the vic  20  that
was written by wa9bvs.
to run this program at
least  8k of expansion
memory is required. it
will not run on the c-
64  but  that  machine
can  be used  to  copy
the program.

     load  the program
and  enter  run.   the
program  will run  and
go  to receive  at  60
wpm  baudot.  the  top
line  shows the status
and the next 13  lines
show the received text
with wrap-around.  the
type     ahead    text
appears  on the  lower
part  of  the  screen.
about  3k of text  can
be  typed ahead  while
receiving.
     in  receive   the
vic  will  respond  to
the          following
commands:
f1-back to basic
f2-110 baud
f4-50 baud
f5-57 baud
f6-45 baud
f7-74 baud
comm.  key  + e erases
type ahead.
comm.  key + w  erases
received text memory.
comm.  key + a goes to
ascii.
comm.  key + b goes to
baudot.
comm.  key + t goes to
transmit.
     in  transmit  you
type   and  the   word
appears   on  the  top
part of the screen but
the  word is not  sent
until   you  hit   the
space  bar so you  can
use     delete      to
backspace  and correct
a word before  sending
it.	    in  transmit  the
following commands are
used:
comm.  key  + a  sends
the type ahead.
comm.  key  + s  sends
the received text from
the memory.
f3  (or f4,  f5,or f6)
send  preset  messages
(cq etc.)
comm.  key  +  r  goes
back to receive.
     when you go  back
to  receive the letter
r  appears  almost  at
once  in the top  line
but  the  program  has
not finished  clearing
the  buffer until  the
screen clears. so dont
switch     off     the
transmitter  until the
screen clears.
     to   change   th	preset  messages  load
the program and  enter
sys  9385  instead  of
run. that puts the vic
in  a special  program
that  replaces the  f3
control   key   buffer
with   the   next   22
characters   you  type
in.  delete  does  not
work so be carefull.
sys  9412  places  the
next   11   characters
into the f4 memory.
sys  9440  places  the
next   47   characters
into the f5 memory.
sys  7367  places  the
next  255   characters
into the f6 memory.
     after    changing
the  memory  save  the
modified  progr	 with
your   new   messages.
before   saving    the
program you must enter
poke 46,38 .
     after    entering
poke  46,38 a standard
basic  save will  save
the program.
     to  connect   the
terminal  unit (inter-
face) to the vic first
be  sure the  terminal
unit  (interface)  has
ttl (0 and 5v+)  level
in   and   out.   then
connect  pins b and  c
on  the vic user  port
together  with a short
wire. (see page 152 of
your  vic  instruction
book for a diagram  of
the  user port  pins).
then    connect   	he
center  conductor of a
shielded cable to  pin
b of the vic user port
and  connect the other
end   of  the   center
conductor    to    the
output of the terminal
unit (interface).  the
ground  shield on  the
cable    should     be
grounded  on  the  vic
and the terminal unit.
pin a of the vic  user
port is ground.
     take   a   second
shielded   cable   and
connect   the   center
conductor  to pin m of
the vic user port  and
the  other end of  the
center   conductor  to
the   input   to   the
terminal	nit  (inter-
face)  .   ground  the
shield of the cable to
the  vic  and  to  the
terminal unit.
     that is all there
is  to hook  up.  have
fun  !!  send wa9bvs a
qsl  card and  let  me
know  how you like the
program.  make lots of
copies for other hams.

The Seattle Times and Gail Scott grant permission to Betty A. Knight of
Bellevue, WA to reproduce the article entitled "Heaven On Wheels -- Home is
where the RV is" written by Michele Matassa Flores and to upload it to the
CompuServe Seniors Forum Library.  This article originally appeared in the
August 15, 1993 Issue of The Seattle Times "Pacific" Magazine.
 
The Seattle Times further allows the Member to download a single copy
for personal use.  They ask that Users who want to make multiple copies to
call The Seattle Times for permission at (206) 464-2496.  I hope you will
honor this request.
 
*******************
 
                               HEAVEN ON WHEELS
                           Home is where the RV is
                                      by
                            Michaele Matassa Flores
 
ABOUT A HUNDRED YARDS inside the groomed, wooded campground, just ahead
of the welcome sign and to the left of the miniature golf, Wayne and Jayne
Kuntz descend the steps of their RV, a 36-foot Cruise Aire III.  They are
tanned, relaxed, grinning.  Surrounded by fir trees and whistling birds,
they might be mistaken for happy campers.
 
     Except they aren't campers at all.  That much is obvious from the perm
rods and tomato plants.
 
     Jayne is wrapped in a pink hairdresser's cape, her silver hair wound
tightly around curling rods as she gives herself a home permanent.  To her
side, two potted tomato plants grow up the side of the Cruise Aire toward
the passenger window.
 
     Campers do a lot of things.  They hike, they fish, they build fires
and make s'mores.  They don't typically perm their hair and grow beef-
steaks.
 
     Throughout this 110-acre compound near LaConner, Wayne and Jayne's
neighbors also act like they own the place.  They make raspberry jam, grow
chrysanthemums, raise birds, open mail.  There is a distinct lack of
campfire smoke in the air.
 
     Most of the campers in this campground, at least between weekends, are
"full-timers," retirees who have sold or rented their houses and headed out
in recreational vehicles to see the country.
 
     Living month in, month out rolling from state to state, they aren't
about to rough it.  They buy memberships in private campgrounds offering
swimming pools, saunas, family lodges, laundrys, shuffleboard, tennis and
sometimes even golf.  Relaxing in luxury, they dismiss the romance of the
evening campfire.  They know better:  You can't enjoy the starry sky when
you're choking on smoke and slapping at mosquitoes.  And besides, it's more
fun to play hearts or bridge inside than shiver in the cool night air.
 
     At a time when the population is aging, and many baby boomers are
confronting their own feelings about growing old, the question of quality
of life for the elderly seems more salient than ever.  Some older folks
move in with their kids.  Others buy condos in Florida or try various
versions of assisted living.
 
     The campground clan has chosen a different path.  As full-time RVers
they see the country, breathe fresh air, exercise, make new friends, find a
sense of community and cling to an independent lifestyle.
 
     And a good number of them do all of that in Washington.  This is one of
the top four states in the country for membership campgrounds (the opposite
of public campgrounds), along with California, Florida and Texas.  Credit the
fir trees, the beauty of Puget Sound and our wonderful summer weather (mostly
cloudy beats hot and humid).
 
     This is where full-timers come after they've wintered in Orlando,
convoyed through Texas, met buddies in the California desert, found familiar
faces on the Oregon Coast.  This is where they stop as they drive the
country in circles, squares, diamonds and every other map route imaginable.
This is where they make their home for a good three to six months a year.
Mammoth motor homes and trailers, with bumper stickers declaring "We're
spending our children's inheritance" are common summer sights, as these
adventurers head for hookups in LaConner, Leavenworth, Lake Sawyer,
Discovery Bay.
 
     They can stay a limited time at one campground -- two weeks is typical --
but can hop back and forth between sites as often as they wish.  Many own
multiple memberships so they'll have more places to stay.  Most tow cars or
pickups for day trips.  They gather once a year for hugh RV "rallies," where
they dance, eat and get to know each other better -- the equivalent of the
neighborhood block party.  About 600 coaches rolled into Western Washington
(Puyallup) Fairgrounds last May for a regional rally, and 6,000 coaches are
expected there next year for a national event.  More routine attractions
include $2 pancake feeds on Saturday mornings at most campgrounds.
 
     The metal boxes these wanderers call home contain no more space than
a two-car garage.  But the rigs are a bit of rolling heaven for retirees,
complete with  queen-size beds, two TVs, two VCRs, microwave ovens, washers
and dryers, wet bars and hutches, built-in CD players, computerized alarm
systems, glass-enclosed showers and rooftop TV satellite dishes.  Trailers
range from the basic step-above-a family-tent, costing less than $20,000,
to the full-scale, $50,000 models with side "rooms" that slide out once
you park.  Motor homes range from middle-class, $70,000 versions to
luxurious conversions of passenger buses, topping $600,000.
 
     Heading to heaven, though, means leaving behind what you like about
Earth.
 
     Most full-timers spend months preparing to leave home:  holding 21
days' worth of garage sales, subscribing to voice-mail through their
credit-card companies, arranging to refill blood-pressure prescriptions
by mail, buying post-office boxes or paying to have mail sent to towns via
"general delivery."  Once they leave, some can't adjust to five-minute
showers or shake their cabin fever, although most say they never feel
confined because the entire Great Outdoors is their home.
 
     At 60, Wayne and Jayne Kuntz are young for full-timers.  But they have
much else in common with their neighbors.  Wayne, a former engineer with
General Motors in Detroit, took early retirement.  The two wanted to travel,
get out and enjoy life.  And while they kept ties to their previous home
life, they had no qualms about selling their Las Vegas house two years ago
and selling most of their belongings at four or five garage sales.
 
     "There was no empty-nest syndrome for us," Jayne says.  "We helped our
kids pack."  She laughs.
 
     The Kuntzes' only links to their past life are a climate-controlled
storage room in Vegas, containing photo albums and other personal
belongings, and an RV spot they lease by the year at the Forty-Niner Trailer
Village in Northern California, near their four kids and 12 grandkids.
 
     The Kuntzes started tent camping 35 years ago, then graduated to a
26-foot trailer, a 32-foot trailer, a 32-foot motor home and now the
$100,000 Cruise Aire III.  "We'd get to the point where we'd go out for two
weeks and we weren't ready to come home," Jayne says.  "We'd say we can't
wait to retire -- so we don't HAVE to come home," Wayne finishes.
 
     After traveling the West Coast their first year, Wayne and Jayne took
jobs at the LaConner Thousand Trails campground this summer and settled in
for a few months.  He works as a ranger, she as a cashier in the camp-
ground store, selling Hamburger Helper, replacement pump parts, greeting
cards, wind socks and other necessities.
 
     They call their motor home a "house on wheels," pointing out features
like its basement storage -- compartments built beneath the floor,
accessible through outside doors.  They love the built-in wardrobe and the
spot inside their platform bed where they keep their "office," a box with
important papers.  The best surprise is hidden beneath the steps into the
coach.  Wayne excitedly lifts one of the steps to reveal a compartment
that's insulated so it can double as a cooler.  You'd think they had just
been given free reserved parking downtown, or their own shortcut around a
traffic jam.
 
     But they're especially fond of the touches they've added themselves:
the oak and brass plumbing fixtures, extra pantry shelves and -- the best
one -- the little spice rack that fits so cleverly into unused cabinet
space at the front of the sink.  Those things make the place uniquely Wayne
and Jayne's.
 
     "This is home," Jayne says.
 
 
THOUGH THEY MAY APPEAR LONERS ON THE road, these travelers know intimate
details about each other's lives, details about childhoods, career moves,
family ties and health problems, details shared by people with time and
memories to spare.  When a couple pull into a new spot, no sooner have they
hooked up their 30-amp electricity lines and 30-gallon sewage tanks than
they're out asking others whether the Wilsons have pulled in or if the
Kennedys are coming this year.
 
     That's one of the things that attracted Dick and Marti Keffer to
full-timing back in 1984.  They like to travel but hate hotels and suitcases.
"If you want to travel, it's the most ideal way in the world to see the
country, to see the other states," says Marti, 71, with a slight Midwestern
drawl.
 
     "It seems every place you go, you find a couple of people you bond with,
people you stay in touch with."
 
     One thing is clear:  The Keffers aren't born campers.  Except for
sightseeing, they spend little time outdoors.  "I grew up on a poor farm in
Missouri-uh, with no electricity," Marti says.  "I wasn't about to go
buildin' a smoky campfire."  She's relaxing now in her $200,000 Monaco Crown
Royale, a 36-foot by 8 1/2-foot luxury motor home with etched-glass hutch
doors and trendy blue-and-mauve furniture, which she's draped with matching
homemade afghans.
 
     Like the Kuntzes, Dick and Marti Keffer used to take short trips.
Dick, 70, retired from the Navy in 1978, and the two enjoyed sightseeing.
By 1984, they were ready to rent out their house in San Diego and move into
their rig.
 
     "We had two places to keep, you see, moving in and out," Marti says.
"That wasn't retirement to me.  That was too much work."
 
     The Keffers travel the country now, visiting the Northwest every summer.
They've been to LaConner 12 years in a row.  They perform country music --
Anne Murray, Waltz Across Texas and other crowd pleasers -- with Marti on
guitar and Dick on the mandolin.  They dress all-out country when performing,
wearing leather hats she makes and sells for $35 apiece.
 
     Her Crown Royale is full of crafts she markets:  yarn cats, crocheted
sweaters, Western jewelry and skirts made of bandanas sewn together.  Camp-
grounds often hold weekend craft classes imparting the fine art of making
stained-glass hummingbirds or airplane mobiles out of Budweiser cans.
Throughout this campground, though, people rave that Marti's hats and jewelry
are several cuts above the regular crafts.  They're classy, like her.
Naturally, Marti advises other women who have questions about their own
crocheting and crafts -- like the neighborhood housewife who's considered the
expert on interior design.
 
     Dick and Marti's side income from music and crafts helps pay for the
little extras they like, maybe dinner at King's Table or a salad bar at
Wendy's.
 
     The wanderers' life isn't always perfect, Marti says.  She gets
frustrated trying to communicate with family, friends and doctors, especially
making calls from "bastard" pay phones (non-AT&T) that wind up costing a
fortune.  She also recalls it was difficult to sell everything.
 
     "That's a very traumatic experience, any time you have to get rid of
a 30-year accumulation of things," she confesses.  "I sold my bass guitar,
and I wish I hadn't."
 
     Ask Mavis Karmazin why she and her husband Frank moved into their
25-foot Terry trailer six years ago, and she gives two different answers on
different days.
 
     The first day, she's wrapping up Walk to the Music, the exercise program
she leads every morning as a volunteer.  As "Skip to My Lou" fades out, Mavis
talks of her health, which could be better.  The 72-year-old great-
grandmother has a bad heart, palsy, a blind right eye, an artificial left
knee and gout, most of which she refers to as "little things" that don't get
her down.
 
     Health is on her mind today when she talks about being a full-time RVer.
"I had two near-death experiences.  I saw Christ.  I saw the light and
everything.  Heart attacks."  Both times, in 1980 and 1984, doctors revived
her.  "So my husband and I decided why don't we give up all our material
things to the kids and go out and have a good time."
 
     Mavis and Frank are this neighborhood's couple-who-know-everybody.
Dottie stops by one day with some line-dancing handouts she found in the
road, asking Mavis if she recognizes who they belong to.  Frank is called
on now and then to help with a neighbor's engine repairs or lend out one of
his tools.
 
     Mavis loves the simple life.  "No phones, nothing to get you all
gibobberated."
 
     A few days later, as she sits in her trailer watching birds at her
feeder and birdbath outside, she's talking about raising six children with
little money.  So finances are on her mind.  The real reason she and Frank
hit the road, she says this time, was pure and simple economics.
 
     Campground membership fees and annual dues are far cheaper than
mortgages, light bills, water, sewer, garbage, heat and phone bills.  It's
even possible to live pretty well on $15,000 a year in pension and Social
Security payments.  Memberships cost 2,500 to $7,000 initially, plus $240
to $700 a year, depending on when the member joined.  Some places charge
no nightly fee, others $1.  And full-time campground volunteers, like Mavis
and Frank (he works maintenance and odd jobs, and they both cook) can stay
at one place, which means they don't have to worry about guzzling gas at
five to seven miles a gallong.
 
MONEY IS A BIG CONVERSATION topic in the campgrounds, but not one to be
discussed around strangers.  At least not in detail.  These people have a few
secrets when it comes to saving money, secrets they eventually divulge.  But
for now, they've got other stories to tell.
 
     And boy, do they.
 
     Stepping into any of these campgrounds is like visiting an era before
television, maybe before radio, when people entertained each other by telling
stories:  good, long, slow ones, rich with detail.  They describe cooking
their first scrambled-egg breakfast for 80 soldiers at an Army camp somewhere
near Columbia, S.C.  Finding a new group home for son Roger, who has Down
syndrome.  Organizing a potluck at a flooded California campground to cheer
up gloomy campers stranded by water over the roads.  Or watching with
fascination as a mother slug lays her slime over a row of poison, committing
suicide so her babies can follow safely behind.
 
     At a Coast to Coast campground at Lake Sawyer, in Southeast King County,
two longtime RVers in their 70s compare notes on their recent operations.
Nick Butrica and Sid Loss, passing time in the Cedar Room lodge, discover
they've both had surgery for colon cancer.
 
     They talk about seeing people rushed to the hospital by campground
buddies.  Nick says that happened to him once when he got real sick.  His son
flew halfway across the country to pull Nick out of the little-known hospital
in the South and bring him to Seattle for some care he could trust.  That was
when he was diagnosed with the cancer.
 
     He says he was awake during surgery, and the sheet that was supposed to
block his view of the operation slipped down at one point.  "I looked down
and saw my whole stomach.  She was holding the clamps.  It's wide open.  They
were sopping the blood up and all.  I couldn't feel a damn thing.  I said
Awwww, oh-my-god-that's-my-stomach, and I shut my eyes.  Right away, the
curtain went back up."
 
     Back in LaConner, Mavis sits in her trailer, surrounded by family photos
and trinkets like coffee mugs with her great-grandchildren's pictures.  She
tells of life after marrying Frank at age 15.  He worked in the aircraft
industry, helping make "the last of the cloth-covered planes and the first of
the metal-skinned ones."  He was left jobless at one point because his
company merged with another, so the couple moved with four kids from
Connecticut to California.  It was 1948, a tough time to find work in
California or anywhere.  The family had to share a two-room house.  Mavis
recalls raising 15 chicks in her living room/bedroom then butchering them
once they grew into "skinny fryers."
 
     Like all neighbors, the travelers also make small talk and they share
camping strategies.  Maurice has a trick for finding sites with sewer hook-
ups:  He gets in his hatchback at 6 a.m., when the RVers are pulling out
for the road, quietly circles the campground to find a good site, zips in
and parks when he finds one, hoofs it back to the Winnebago, moves the rig
right away, then heads to the front gate to give his new site number to the
ranger.
 
     A group of friends tell how they keep their holding tanks clean:
After each campground stay, before hitting a dump station, they head out on
the highway and drive the rig awhile so the sloshing can clean the tank's
insides.
 
     Dick Keffer, the mandolin player, chats it up one evening with Lucille
Kennedy.  Lucille isn't a full-timer but spends every summer on the road with
her husband, Maurice, escaping Southern California heat (107 today) in their
23-foot Winnebago.  Dick and Lucille share salad-dressing recipes and the
best route to Idaho, and he tells stories about a recent flood at Soledad
Canyon, Calif., a large campground it seems all Thousand Trails members have
visited.  Lucille says she's expecting friends soon, a couple she met at
another campground.  They plan to play cards every evening.
 
AS IN ALL NEIGHBORHOODS, SPATS OCCUR.  Residents complain about neighbors
letting dogs run free.  About cliques forming and feeling snubbed.  About
park rangers giving their friends the sites with views and sewer hookups
despite first-come, first-served rules.  Some Californians say they've been
told by locals to go back home, and they angrily point out that during
winter months Northwesterners invade the California parks.
 
     RVers also play their own version of Keeping Up with the Joneses.  When
one guy gets an electric awning, others either get one themselves or dismiss
the gadget as a waste of good money.  When one woman says she loves her new
convection oven, her neighbor raves about her own combo-convection-and-
microwave.  Some RVers seems to compete for the most-colored-plastic-lights-
hung-around-the-campsite, or the most-elaborate-tole-painted-welcome-sign-
with-the-family-name.
 
     Insults often fly between full-timers and recreational campers who use
the same parks.
 
     Membership campgrounds were not intended for full-time RVers.  Bellevue-
based Thousand Trails, know as the granddaddy of the membership-campground
business, was founded in 1972 for vacationing families, as an affordable
alternative to resorts.  In the last several years, though, full-timing has
grown so popular that weekend campers complain they can't find good
campsites, that they feel like outsiders at their own campgrounds.  They also
believe full-timers are forcing companies like Thousand Trails to go broke.
 
     Some campground companies have faced severe financial problems, even
closing or filing bankruptcy.  Thousand Trails barely avoided bankruptcy last
year by refinancing some debt.  The company blames its problems on expanding
too fast in the 1980s, adding 36 campgrounds in one four-year period.
 
     But some disgruntled campers blame full-timers who take daily showers
instead of going grungy for a few days like recreational campers, who bake
chicken inside instead of barbecuing outside, who watch Oprah and Jay Leno
instead of hiking and roasting marshmallows.  All these things, the week-
enders complain, take advantage of free utilities and drive up costs for the
campgrounds.
 
     "That's what's breaking Thousand Trails," says Jim Henry of Mukilteo,
an occasional camper who bought a membership in 1974.  "This wasn't meant
to be a retirement center."
 
     Full-timers take pride in their low-cost lifestyle, bragging that they
don't have any bills.  Some find legal ways to register their rigs in Oregon
or Alaska, known for low registration fees, by buying small properties in one
of the states.  Others break the law:  They register in the cheap states
using a friend's or relative's address, or they buy a rig in a state without
a sales tax and fail to report the deal in their home state.
 
     Trade associations and companies play down the tricks owners use.  But
the issue of full-timers burdening campgrounds is coming to a head across
the country.
 
     Thousand Trails is running a fund-raising campaign, pleading with
members to voluntarily increase their dues and/or begin paying nightly fees
if they use the parks a lot.  So far, members have pledged about $1.5
million in additional dues.  Charlie Davis, the popular new company chief
executive, says full-timers don't use that much more electricity and water
than anyone else, but they fill the parks up.  That, he says, exacerbates
the company's real problem:  Everyone was so busy selling memberships, they
forgot to take into account the costs of operating parks for all of those
new members.
 
     Some members are running scared, selling their memberships cheap for
fear the company will close.  Trade magazines carry classified ads selling
memberships for as little as $2,000 -- far less than the last company price
of nearly $8,000.
 
     But many members say they aren't worried because they've seen companies
including Thousand Trails survive financial threats before.  Some longtime
members say even if the campgrounds fold, they'll feel they've gotten their
money's worth.
 
FOR MOST FULL-TIMERS, THERE COMES A time to park the RV for good anyway, and
move back into a place with a foundation.  Even if it takes 27 years like it
did with Sid Loss, the old-timer chatting with Nick at Lake Sawyer.  Sid
lost his wife last year -- his "co-pilot," he called her -- and has trouble
driving now because of his own failing health.  It's about time to hang up
the keys, he says.
 
     That inevitability seems to be on full-timers' minds from the start.
They usually hold onto something -- a small condo, a storage locker full of
stuff, or some cherished belongings they've stashed at a son's or daughter's.
 
     Don and Lois Godsman thought they'd be on the road only a year when they
headed out.  That was four years ago.  And they're not close to settling yet.
They're having too much fun leading line-dancing lessons and seeing the
country.  With little prodding, Don brings out an album with pictures of
Gettysburg, Niagara Falls and other places they've been.
 
     Soon after they started full-timing, the Godsmans figured they should
get a place so they'd be ready when they wanted to settle back down.  So
they bought a half-acre of land on Fidalgo Island, near Anacortes.  No go.
They sold the land last summer when they realized they still weren't ready
to leave the road.
 
     Instead, they put money down on a permanent RV spot at Chimacum, south
of Port Townsend.  When they get the site (they're on a waiting list),
they'll be able to park there full-time or rent it out and head off on a
trip.  Kind of like a time-share resort for RVs.
 
     Don and Lois figure that's the best kind of neighborhood there is.  If
there's something you don't like, all you do it get up and go.
 
 
                                      ***
 
 
                                    RV TALK
                   A quick guide to the language of the road
 
FULL-TIMER:  One who lives year-round in a motor home, trailer or camper,
sacrificing the comfort and security of a house for the adventures and
challenges of life on the road.  Usually retired.  Or people who don't hold
real jobs.
 
RIG or COACH:  The favored terms.  As in "Nice rig" or "Darn, I left my
walking stick in the coach."  Only the uninitiated use such stilted terms
as "motor home" and "trailer" in casual conversation.
 
PRESERVE:  Thousand Trails' word for campground.  The company says it strives
to "preserve" the natural habitat around the parks.  One full-timer offers a
more creative definition:  The campgrounds are like wildlife preserves
because they're sanctuaries for people.
 
HITCH ITCH:  The antsy feeling full-timers get when it's time to pack up the
rig, roll out of the preserve and head on down the road.  As in, "I'm gettin'
hitch itch, Esther; let's head for Leavenworth and hit the craft fair."
 
FOUR-DOWN:  The most economical way of towing a car or pickup behind a
coach.  As in all-four-wheels-on-the-ground.  As in you don't have to buy a
trailer for the auto.
 
HOOKUPS:  The all-important connections to civilized life, provided at most
RV campgrounds.  In order of importance:  electric outlets, water lines,
sewage lines and cable television.  No Playboy channel or video poker.
 
BOONDOCKING:  Parking short-term at a rest area, parking lot or other place
without hookups.  "We boondocked down at the truck stop because the pre-
serve was full up."  Not preferred.  Considered a desperation move.
 
 
                                      ***
 
 
                                  RIG STATS
             Some facts and figures about RV ownership in America
 
LARGEST RIG ON THE ROAD:  40 feet long by 8 1/2 feet wide.  Country Coach
is making a 45-foot converted passenger bus, but it isn't available yet.
 
MOST EXPENSIVE:  Prevost passenger buses converted to custom coaches by
different manufacturers.  They're worth as much as $600,000, with some
buyers exceeding that with special orders.  Ernest Borgnine recently bought
one for $750,000.  Commonly owned by bands and other performers who travel.
 
AVERAGE SIZE COACH DRIVEN BY FULL-TIME RV RESIDENTS:  30 to 36 feet long,
8 feet wide.  Average value:  $100,000 to $150,000.
 
FAVORITE NEW-FANGLED FEATURES:  "Slide-out" or "pop-out" rooms on the sides
of coaches.  They can be extended when the coach is parked, adding entire
new dining or living areas to the interiors.
 
PROFILE OF THE AVERAGE RV OWNER:  63-year-old man or 60-year-old woman;
retired, with some college education; made a $40,000 annual salary; net
worth of $372,000; travels 8,700 miles a year.  Based on membership of the
Family Motor Coach Association (FMCA), a trade group.
 
FULL-TIMERS:  Those who live in their RVs represent 11 percent of FMCA
members.  Older than the average RV owner,. butr no statistics are kept.
 
FAVORITE ACTIVITIES:  Sightseeing, tourist attractions, storytelling,
crafts, country-western line-dancing, watching Oprah Winfrey, listening
to talk radio.
 
 
                                      ***
 
 
                               DESTINATION STATE
         Washington is one of the top five states in the U.S. for RV
                sales and membership campgrounds.  Some facts:
 
*  There are nearly 200,000 motor homes, trailers and campers registered in
the state.  That's one for every 25 residents.
 
*  Washington ranked fifth last year in one state-by-state measure of RV
sales, behind California, Florida, Michigan and Texas.  The ranking measured
wholesale orders by dealerships.
 
*  The state collected $20.67 million last year in excise tax (part of the
registration fee) on recreational vehicles.
 
*  Thousand Trails, known as the grandfather of campground membership
companies, was founded in 1972 and is based in Bellevue.
 
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Michele Matassa Flores is a business reporter for The Seattle Times.  Harley
Soltes is Pacific's staff photographer.
 
Betty Knight's Note:  There were interesting pictures accompanying this
article but unfortunately they are not included in this text file.
 
For Sale (or trade for IBM stuff, US Beer Cans, US Stamps,
                or almost anything else!)

C-64 Cartridges:

by Commodore....Magic Desk 1, Sea Wolf, & Omega Race
by Atari........PacMan
by Spinnaker....Alphabet Zoo


I just found these, so any decent offer would surely be taken.
If interested please respond by EMAIL to 74236,774.

Thanks,


Steve Gordon
74236,774
David Violino  July 26, 1994
Prices that are listed DO NOT include shipping and are negotiable.
I can be reached at the following.
  GEnie: DVIOLINO
  Compuserve: 73733,3247
 
ATARI
    1  800  $15
    2  1200XL  $25 each
    1  XE Game System  $75
    1  1050  $40
    1  410  $5
    2  Pointmaster joysticks  $5(pair)
   Carts  $5 each
      Gato
      Dig Dug
      Fight Night
      Star Raiders (no instr.)
 
COMMODORE
    2 C64  $25 each
    1 VIC-20  $10
    2 1541  $25  each
    1 Alphacom VP42 thermal printer  $15
    2 DataMaster cassette  $5 each
 
IBM
    3 IBM PC 5150 MB/case NO ps  $5 each
 
RADIO SHACK/TANDY
    3 TRS-80 Color Computer 64k  $10 each
      1 regular,1 extended basic,1 external audio
    2 Color Computer 2  $15
    1 TRS-80 DMP 100 Printer (parallel/serial)  $20
    2 Tandy FD-501 Drives /interface carts (1drive per unit)  $20 each
    4 TRS-80 External FH Drives (need ac cables)  $10 each
    4 joysticks and various cables
      Color Logo cart
      Bustout cart
      Tennis cart
      Taxi cassette
      Space Probe: Math cassette
 
ZENITH
    1 Z-120 mono CGA, Gemini card, HD doesn't format  $50
      r	s IBM software, whole or parts 
 
MISC.
 The following are "AS-IS".I will accept shipping costs for these items.
 Some work some don't,some I have no idea how to test.
 For info on specific item contact me.
    1 ADDS VPT/A2 with Digital KB
    2 CPT 8525 mono, 2 8" drives
    2 IBM 5322 System/23 Datamaster mono, 2 8" drives
    1 IBM 5242 Printer
    1 NEC Spinwriter 7710 "parts"
    1 PCjr MB, drive card, & Infrared KB
    1 TI 99/4A with Speech Synth., joysticks/cables
    4 TRS-80 computers/5expansio	interfaces/monitor/Network 2
    1 TRS-80 Lineprinter model# 779
    1 WYSE WY-50 Green
      Various KBs
 
 
    This is the Documentation for S.A.M. Terminal. Written by Jim Winings. You must have the program S.A.M. from:
TRONIX (tm)
8295 S. La Cienega Blvd.
Inglewood, CA. 90301
213-215-0529
 
S.A.M. was developed by:
Don't Ask Computer Software.
 
    You must load in the S.A.M. program first. So LOAD "SAM",8,1.
    When it asks if you want the RECITER program select 'Y'. When it asks for HIGH or LOW memory, select 'L'.
    After you do the above, Load in SAM TERM and enjoy. It works very good on CO when there are only two or three people. Anymore than that, and the terminal slows down for SAM has to speak.
There are different perimeters for the voice settings and screen & character colors. Refer to your S.A.M. manual for the meaning of the voice settings.
    This terminal is not recommended for times when you will have massive data scrolling on you screen.
    If you set the terminal so that S.A.M. BLANKS the screen, he will sound better and there is less likely chance that the buffer will overflow. Which is what happens if you have have a massive amount of data scrolling.
  
Jim Winings
      PROGRAMMING ASSEMBLY CODES
               for the
     SEQUENTIAL 242 MIDI INTERFACE


1. To initialize the ACIA for MIDI:

  LDA #$03     ;Master reset
  STA $DE00
  LDA #$15     ;Setup for 1 start bit +
                 8 bits + 1 stop bit
  STA $DE00    ; and 31.25k Baud


2. To send MIDI OUT:

  LOOP
  LDA $DE02    ;Read ACIA status reg.
  AND #$02     ;Check transmit empty
                 flag
  BEQ LOOP     ;Loop until empty
  LDA MIDIBYTE ;Load in byte to send
  STA $DE01    ;Send MIDI OUT


3. To receive MIDI IN:

  LOOP
  LDA $DE02    ;Read ACIA status reg.
  LSR          ;Check receive full flag
  BCC LOOP     ;Loop until ready
  LDA $DE03    ;Read MIDI IN


4. To initialize the PIA:

  LDA MODE     ;Use control registers
                 to set up
  STA $DF01    ; operating mode.
  STA $DF03    ;Obtain mode from Table 1

5. To read drum clock input:

  LDA $DF01    ;Read control register
  BPL EXIT     ;Branch if no drum clock
               ;Falls thru if inter-
                 rupted by drum clock
  LDA $DF00    ;Clear interrupt flag bit

6. To read footswitch input:

  LDA $DF03    ;Read control register
  BPL 	IT     ;Branch if no 
                 footswitch press
  LDA $DF02    ;Clear interrupt flag




 
SCREEN SAVER :  T. FLEENOR  4/10/84
 
THIS PROGRAM WILL SAVE A HIGH RESOLUTION
SCREEN TO A 1541 DISK.  THE SCREEN MUST
START AT 8192 ($2000).  I COULD NOT
FIND ONE ON THE DATABASE SO I WROTE MY
OWN.
 
WHEN YOU SAVE YOUR SCREEN, IT WILL TAKE
UP A 32 BLOCK SECTION ON THE DISK.
 
AFTER SAVING, THE SCREEN MAY BE LOADED
INTO MEMORY USING LOAD'NAME',8,1 (WHERE
'NAME' IS THE NAME OF YOUR SCREEN).
 
THE PROGRAM MAY STAND ALONE OR BE USED
AS A PART OF A LARGER PROGRAM.
 
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROGRAM WAS
GIVEN TO ME BY THE CUSTOMER SUPPORT
STAFF AT COMMADORE AND CAN THUS BE
CONSIDERED PUBLIC DOMAIN ONLY.
 
PART OF THE ROUTINE MAY HAVE APPEARED
IN POWER-PLAY MAG. AND CAN BE COPIED
FOR NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY. (I HAVE
NOT SEEN THE ARTICAL.)
 
PLEASE! SEND ME ANY COMMENTS OR
SUGGESTIONS, TODD - [73336,1456].

SIDPLAYER NEWS #4  April 1986

This is the fourth news file for Sidplayer, the music system published in "All
About The Commodore 64, Volume Two" by COMPUTE! Books.  This news file offers
many hints, tips, and suggestions on how to more easily create better sounding
songs.  The information presented here will be of interest to both novices and
experienced users.

Please keep in mind that the Sidplayer Editor is to be used only by those who
have purchased Volume Two.  The Editor is not a Public Domain program.  This
document is not intended to be a guide on how to use the Editor for people who
have not purchased the book.

The main part of this document consists of suggestions organized by command
name.  After these suggestions you will find some shorter sections that
describe the symptoms of Master Composer Syndrome, encourage you to hook your
computer up to a stereo, and offer some advanced techniques to ponder.

TEM
1. The Editor lacks a feature to play just a given measure.  Although a fast
forward feature is available, it can still take a while to skip past part of a
song.  A faster way to skip over a part is to insert the command TEM 900 at
the beginning of the part to be skipped, and then insert a TEM command for the
correct tempo at the place you want to hear.  When you play the song, the part
to be skipped will be played even faster than is permitted by the fast forward
feature, and you won't run a risk of getting a CLOBBER error (unless you use
the fast forward feature as well).  There are two restrictions to the use of
this technique.  If the part to be skipped contains thirty second notes, tempo
450 will have to be used instead.  If the part uses utility durations, this
technique cannot be used.
2. The tempo chart on page 285 is so handy, it may be worthwhile to photocopy
the page for quick reference for when you enter a song.

UTL
1. If you need to get a portamento glide that is longer than a whole note, you
can always use the utility duration.  This will permit a glide of any duration
up to four seconds.

VOL
1. It is strongly recommended that you not use volumes above level 12, except
when you are using the triangle waveform which is naturally quieter.  If you
use volume levels above 12, especially with the pulse wave, the song may
overpower the speaker on some televisions, causing the sound to be distorted,
and thereby detracting from the quality of your song.  Not everybody has their
C64 hooked up to a nice stereo that can handle the volume.
2. You need to use the VOL command on only one voice.  The master volume sets
the volume for all three voices.  If a VOL command is used on more than one
voice at the same time, the VOL on the highest numbered voice is the one that
will take effect.  Usually the VOL and BMP commands are used only on voice one.
3. Be aware that a popping noise occurs when the master volume is changed by
large amounts.  Some people feel that the popping detracts from the song, and
try to minimize the popping in their songs.  To reduce the popping, try using
smaller volume level changes and different positions for the volume changes.
The sustain levels can also be adjusted to control the overall volume.

BMP
1. As with the VOL command, use BMP in only one voice.  If two voices use a
BMP command at the same time, the volume will be bumped by two levels instead
of one.
2. BMP can be used to fade out a song when the last measure or two are
repeated.  Some songs also use BMP to fade out the last note, but this creates
a noticeable "stepping" effect in the volume as it changes.  A better way to
fade out a note is to use a long release (a large RLS value).

HED and TAL
1. Remember that repeat loops cannot be nested.  Be especially careful of this
when you have a repeat loop that contains a phrase call, and the phrase also
contains a repeat loop.
2. If at all possible, try to avoid using HED 0 for endless repetition.  A
song that does not end does not work very well with an autoplayer.

DEF
1. Some songs contain several phrase definitions right at the beginning of
each voice, which often set up waveforms and envelopes that are not used until
later in the song.  This may be convenient but it is not always a good
practice.  When Sidplayer has to process several commands before the first
note, the chance of getting a CLOBBER error is increased.  This error occurs
when too many commands are placed between notes, and they cannot all be
processed in one jiffy (one sixtieth of a second).  The intended way for a
phrase to be used is to define the phrase as it is played the first time, and
then to call it when it needs to be played again later.  See pages 300 to 304
for a complete explanation of phrases.

F-M and FLT
1. Sometimes it can be handy when editing a song to play only one voice at a
time.  Unfortunately, this cannot be done if the voice contains a call to a
phrase defined in a voice that is not being played.  A way to get around this
limitation is to play the voice that contains the phrase definition but to
include the commands F-M N and FLT Y at the beginning of the voice.  Selecting
a filter mode of N (no mode) and passing the voice through the filter makes
the voice inaudible.  This allows you to play the voice so that the phrase
gets defined, without hearing the voice itself.

F-X
1. In addition to generating tones for music, the SID chip also picks up a lot
of the "noise" from the circuitry inside the computer.  This undesirable
background noise can be significantly reduced on some computers by turning on
the external filter input.  To take advantage of this, just include an F-X Y
command at the beginning of each song you create.  The songs will be free of a
lot of the background hiss when played.  Other than making the song sound much
cleaner, enabling the external filter input will not have any effect on the
song.

ATK
1. It is not always desirable to use a value of 0 for the ATK command.  When
all three voices have an attack rate of 0, and all three voices start playing
new notes at the same time, sometimes the SID chip will not gate (start
playing) the notes together, and one note will noticeably start to sound
before the others.  The phenomenon is sporadic, but does not occur with slower
attack rates, so you can use ATK 1 to get around the problem.

DCY
1. To minimize the "biting" effect of the volume falling from the attack peak
to a much lower sustain level, a slower decay rate can be used.

SUS
1. Unfortunately, the SID chip does not provide a volume control for each
voice (the VOL command affects all three voices), but to some extent, the
sustain level of a voice can be used to control the volume of a voice.
2. If one voice is playing a melody and other voices are supporting it by
playing harmony, it is a good idea to have the SUS level for the harmony
voices set at least one level lower than the sustain level for the melody
voice.  If they are equal, the harmony voices can overpower the melody voice.
Setting their SUS levels lower makes the melody voice stand out, and generally
the song will sound a bit nicer.

RLS
1. As with the ATK command, it is a good practice to avoid using the value 0
with the RLS command.  A release rate of 0 sometimes makes voices cut off
unevenly.  It is more noticeable when the song is played on a stereo instead
of a television or monitor speaker.  Values from 1 to 15 are recommended for a
more pleasant effect.

PNT
1. The release point, set by the PNT command, determines the number of jiffies
from the end of a note that the note should start to release.  Always remember
that the release point must be less than the duration of the note being
played, or the note will not be played properly.  For example, in tempo 100 a
sixteenth note is 9 jiffies long.  If the release point is set to 12, the note
will start to release as soon as it starts playing.  It will never have a
chance to complete its attack, and so will not be heard, or will be hardly
audible.  For this reason the release point is usually set around 4 or 5.  If
you have the release point set larger and have to play some shorter notes, it
may be necessary to temporarily set the release point smaller for those notes.
You can refer to the tempo chart on page 285 to determine the exact jiffy
count for any note in any tempo.
2. If notes of longer durations are being played, a reason to use a larger
release point is to create a more staccato effect.
3. Setting the release point to 0 means that notes played will never be
released.  This is the same thing as tying the notes together.  Therefore, if
you need to enter a lot of notes that are all tied together, for a legato
effect, set the release point to 0 instead of entering a tie for each note.
4. If a voice contains alternating notes and rests of the same duration, such
as a quarter note, quarter rest, quarter note, quarter rest sequence in a bass
line, a shortcut can be used.  The technique is combine the notes and rests
into notes of equivalent total duration and then set the release point to make
the release begin where the rest would normally begin.  For example, let's say
that the above quarter notes and quarter rests were played in tempo 100, so
each note and rest was 36 jiffies long, and the release point was set at 4.
Instead of entering quarter note and quarter rest pairs, you could enter half
notes and set the release point at 40, where the 40 is 36 jiffies for the
quarter rest and 4 jiffies for the normal release point of the quarter note.

WAV
1. For some reason, pitches played using the pulse wave in octaves 0, 1, and
some of 2 sound out of tune.  It may be best to avoid using the pulse waveform
when playing notes in the lowest octaves.
2. The pulse waveform can be combined with the triangle waveform to create a
new and useful waveform type.  Just enter the number 5 (4 for pulse plus 1 for
triangle) to select the WAV TP command.  The resultant waveform is especially
useful for harpsichord effects.
3. The waveform combination SP is much quieter and therefore is not as useful.
All other combinations seem to be inaudible.
4. Don't put a WAV command right before a rest.  The release of a preceding
note may continue into a rest, and a waveform change before the rest may clip
the end of the note and be noticeable.  Instead, just put the WAV command
right before the next note to be played.

P-W
1. Do not use the pulse wave with a pulse width less than 100.  Notes played
with a width much less than 150 are inaudible on some SID chips.
2. When using the TP waveform combination, be sure to have the pulse width set
below 2048.  The volume of the TP waveform decreases as the pulse width goes
above 2000.  Also set the width below 2048 when using waveform SP.

P-S
1. Pulse width sweeping works by adding the pulse sweep value to the pulse
width once each jiffy.  The only problem with this is that with larger sweep
rates, the pulse width can exceed 4095, in which case it wraps around and
starts back at 0.  This causes a very noticeable popping noise which can
really detract from a song.  To avoid the wraparound you can use a slower
sweep rate or set the pulse width lower (or higher if you are sweeping
backwards).  If you want to keep the same pulse width and sweep rate, first
determine on which notes the wraparound occurs.  These will be the notes with
the longest durations.  Then take each note which causes popping, divide it
into two halves tied together, and insert a P-S command between them with the
same sweep rate but the opposite direction.  For example, if popping occurs on
a half note when the sweep rate is 30, instead enter a quarter note tied to
another quarter note of the same pitch, with a P-S -30 command between them.
You will also need to enter a P-S 30 command after them to reset the direction
of the sweep for the next note.

SNC and RNG
1. Refer to pages 324 to 325 and 333 to 337 of Volume Two for the correct way
to set up synchronization and ring modulation effects.

VDP and VRT
1. For a more natural vibrato effect, you can change the vibrato depth while a
note is playing.  Just break the note into smaller notes of the same total
duration, all tied together, and put VDP commands of increasing values between
them.  Again, remember to reset the depth back to the original value.
2. Be aware that the vibrato processing is done only for the duration of a
note, and is not done when a rest is being played.  When a note with a slow
release rate is followed by a rest, the voice may continue to fade away during
the first part of the rest.  If vibrato is used on the note, it is sometimes
noticeable that the vibrato all of a sudden stops as the note is fading away.
To prevent this from happening, you can delete the rest, add its duration to
the preceding note, and set the release point higher for that note as
discussed in the above section on the PNT command.

TPS
1. The SID chip cannot play pitches beyond octave 7, even when the TPS command
is used.  If you try to play a note above B7, the note will be played with the
same pitch but in octave 7.  Thus an E transposed to octave 8 will be played
as an E in octave 7.  To determine if a voice is being transposed out of
range, watch the voice on KPLAY and see if the key goes off the right edge of
the piano keyboard display and disappears.
2. It is possible for the SID chip to play pitches in octave -1 by using the
TPS command with negative values, but this is rarely useful.

AUX
1. When using the AUX command to change the color of the piano keys in KPLAY,
do not use values outside the range of 0 to 15.  Values larger than 15 do not
give you any new colors, and songs using larger values may forfeit
compatibility with future editions of players.

Sidplayer News Part 4 continues in SIDNP2.DOC

SIDNP2.DOC Sidplayer News #4 part two...

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Be very careful to never let two voices using the same waveform play notes
of the exact same pitch at the very same time.  When this is allowed to
happen, a phenomenon known as "destructive harmonic interference" can occur,
which in no way damages your computer but can cause the two voices to cancel
each other out and be inaudible.  The effect happens randomly and is not
always noticeable.  The only time that two voices should simultaneously play
the exact same pitches in the same octave with the same waveform is when the
voices are being detuned.
2. If two notes of the same pitch are tied together, it is a good practice to
put the shorter note first.  This is because a note tied to another note does
not release.  If the longer note is put first, the release cannot begin until
the shorter note starts playing, and in some cases the release would normally
begin sooner.  This is especially true when larger release points are used.
Putting the shorter note before the longer note ensures that the release will
begin at the appropriate place.
3. When a grace note is played, remember that the duration for the grace note
should come out of the duration for the preceding note.  This way, the note
following the grace note will begin right on the beat, as it should, instead
of the grace note.  It may be necessary to use utility durations for both the
grace note and the note preceding it.
4. KPLAY and MPLAY and the other players end a song right when the last
duration is complete, even if some of the voices are not done releasing.  To
let each voice fade out and finish completely, it is a nice touch to put a
rest after the last note in each voice.
5. Remember that when you are creating a very long song, it is much easier to
break the song into parts, enter and edit each part separately, and then
combine them using the MERGE utility found on page 369.  This utility can also
be used to create songs larger than what the Editor can hold in memory.
6. The LISTER utility on page 365, or the revised version called PRINTER which
prints in three columns only to a printer, can be used to find duration bugs
in songs.  See SIDNEWS#1 for information on the PRINTER utility.
7. Whenever possible, please try not to use the default waveform and envelope.
The default settings were chosen because they give a simple, neutral waveform
and envelope which can be modified easily.  Playing all three voices with the
default square wave and organ-type envelope, however, can make any song, even
a very good one, sound pretty blah.
8. Don't overlook the subtle but significant effects that different envelope
settings can have on a song.  Envelopes seem to be one of the most ignored
aspects of songs.

MASTER COMPOSER SYNDROME
It has been observed that people who formerly used the Master Composer music
system and now use Sidplayer exhibit a strong tendency to use a heavy dose of
vibrato and pulse width sweeping in their songs.  Presumably this is because
these are two easy-to-use features that are not found on Master Composer.  If
you might be such a person, we urge you to control your fascination with these
features and use them sparingly.  Thank you!

THE BASEBALL CARD PHENOMENON
Some music systems may make songs sound better than other music systems, but
the quality of a song depends just as much, if not more so, on the time and
care taken by the person entering the song.  While it is nice to have lots of
songs to collect and trade, it is also important to keep the quality level
high in order to maintain interest in the songs.  We would prefer to encourage
people to emphasize quality over quantity.

SIDPLAYER ON YOUR STEREO
If you don't have your computer hooked up to a stereo, you're only getting
part of the story when you play a song.  Playing songs over a stereo gives you
fuller bass lines and triangle waveforms, and reveals other things you never
knew were there.  See SIDNEWS#1 for instructions on how to hook your computer
up to a stereo.

SOME ADVANCED TECHNIQUES TO PONDER
1. The sync mode is not used very often because it requires two voices,
leaving only one voice free.  The mode offers a whole variety of new tone
types, however, and is definitely worth investigating.  Try the sync mode with
different combinations of waveforms and TPS values, as demonstrated by the
song TPI#14.
2. See page 337 for a discussion of using sync and ring modulation at the same
time.  With this technique, you can sometimes get tones that sound like they
are being filtered, even though they are not.
3. Another possibility is to use portamento with the sync mode.  This is done
by putting an absolute set command of a different pitch before each note that
is played.  When this is done on the synchronized voice which adds the
harmonics, an interesting "wah" effect is produced, as in the song ETAL.
4. Some people have gotten interesting results by using the sync or ring
modulation modes with nonstandard configurations.
5. Absolute set commands can be placed between rests following a note with a
large RLS value to make a note slowly fade away while changing pitch.  This
technique was used in the song STUNTMAN.
6. A subtle technique is to use the absolute set command with detuning and
portamento.  Turn on the detuning and set a detuned pitch with the absolute
set command.  Then turn off the detuning and play a note with a slow
portamento rate in effect.  The note will not start at exactly the correct
pitch but will move to the desired pitch.  This may be useful for simulating
some vocal effects.  A variation on this method is to not use detuning and
just use the absolute set command to set the pitch one half step below the
desired pitch, with a faster portamento rate.
7. Detuning and transposition can be an interesting combination.  Octave
transpositions with detuning were used in PIPERS, CALLIOPE, BISTRO, and
AMERICA.
8. An advanced use of detuning is to slightly detune a voice, even when it is
not being played along with another voice containing the same notes, for a
fuller sound.  This technique is based on a principle used by barbershop
quartets.
9. The POLYCON utility can be used to add a pedal effect or lingering effect
(like a bell) to a song, as in FUER.  This technique can also be used with
fast arpeggios for another interesting effect.  See SIDNEWS#3 for full
instructions.
10. Detuning with polyphony also gives an interesting effect.  This
combination was used in the song ISLAND.
11. When the waveform TP is used, pulse width sweeping can be used to sweep
the width past 2048, thereby making the volume fade out.
12. A note by note use of utility duration is very tedious but can produce
some wonderful phrasing effects.  See the song FUER for an example.  Even
using just a few carefully placed utility durations can add a nice, more
natural touch to a song.
13. When two voices are playing similar notes, perhaps with different pulse
widths or detuning, a very short utility duration rest can be placed at the
beginning of one of the voices to create an echo effect.  See the version of
TAKE FIVE by Stan Halaby for an example.
14. While having only three voices can be quite a limitation, it is sometimes
possible to use one voice for two different effects simultaneously.  For
example, CANTINA uses the same voice for both bass notes and percussion
effects.  The bass notes are played on the beat and the percussion effects are
played on the offbeat.  Phrase calls can make it easy to alternate between
different waveform and envelope settings.
15. One technique to get around volume problems on a voice is to release a
note before has completed its attack phase.  This will require some
experimentation with attack rates and release points.  The technique was used
in the stereo version of AXEL F.
16. A rapid succession of different pitches using white noise makes an
interesting percussion line, as in the song IBEX.
17. Longer white noise notes, as in the song OSPREY, can also give an
interesting effect.
18. One other interesting effect is to play a sequence of notes of the same
pitch but with different pulse widths.

FINAL REMARKS
1. Some of these suggestions and techniques are described in the book, along
with complete instructions on how to use the Sidplayer Editor and a fairly
comprehensive introduction to music theory.
2. Most people feel that it is worth $16.95 to get the complete documentation.
3. Other music systems cost twice as much and are not as well documented.
4. The book also has bitmapped graphics and sprite utilities, and sections on
Advanced BASIC.
5. The Sidplayer Editor is not a Public Domain program and is supposed to be
used only by those who have purchased Volume Two.

If you use the Sidplayer Editor and don't have the book...

SIDPLAYER NEWS #12  June 1987

ANSWERS TO SOME COMMON QUESTIONS

This documentation file presents answers to some of the most commonly asked
questions about Sidplayer.


Q: What is Sidplayer?
A: Sidplayer is a music system for the Commodore 64 and 128 computers. The
system includes an Editor program that lets you create song files, a Player
program that lets you play songs done by you or other people, and other
utilities.

Q: Do you need a player program to hear the songs?
A: Yes, a player is needed.  There is no SYS call that starts the playing.

Q: What are some player programs and where can I get them?
A: The first player is KPLAY, which features a piano keyboard display with keys
highlighted in colors to show the notes playing. The next player is MPLAY
(Multiplay) which can be set to automatically play several songs. The MAGIC SID
MACHINE player can also autoplay several songs. Another player is SINGALONG,
which plays a Sidplayer song that has an accompanying words file. It displays
the lyrics and changes them in time with the music. The SIDPIC player can
display a picture while it plays a song. The STEREO SID PLAYER can play two
songs simultaneously if you install a second SID chip in your computer to get
six voices. These players can be downloaded from the various commercial
services and from BBS's. Over 2000 Sidplayer songs are also available from the
services and BBS's.

Q: What are the different kinds of Sidplayer files?
A: The music file for a Sidplayer song is identified by a .MUS filename
extension. A Singalong song has a music file and a corresponding words file.
The filename for the words file is the same as for the music file except that
the .MUS extension is replaced by a .WDS extension. A picture file for a song
also has the same filename but with a .PIC filename extension. Sometimes these
files are bundled into special self-dissolving library files. A .SAL file
contains the music and words files for one song. Just LOAD the .SAL file and
RUN it, and it will write the .MUS and .WDS files to your disk. A .PIL file
dissolves into .MUS and .PIC files. A .WPL dissolves into .MUS, .WDS, and .PIC
files for one song.

Q: How do I make songs?
A: You need to use the Sidplayer Editor. The original Editor is published in
the book "All About the Commodore 64, Volume Two" by Craig Chamberlain,
published by COMPUTE! Books. The book is $16.95 and also contains sections on
Advanced BASIC, bitmapped graphics utilities, and sprite animation utilities.
Sidplayer is also published in COMPUTE!'s "The Complete 64," a book and disk
combination for $29.95 which also contains Speedscript and other popular
COMPUTE! programs.

Q: Where can I download the Editor?
A: The Editor is a copyrighted commercial program and is not in the Public
Domain. It should not be on any telecommunication services or BBS's. Only those
who purchase the book are supposed to have and use the Editor. If you buy
Volume Two and don't want to type in the programs or order the disk for the
book, COMPUTE! does allow you to copy the programs from someone else.

Q: Do you have to know music in order to create songs?
A: If you have the sheet music for a song, the Editor is designed so that you
can enter the song without having to understand all of the markings. There is
also a chapter on beginning music theory in case you want to learn about it.

Q: Where do you find sheet music?
A: The most suitable kind of sheet music to use is piano sheet music. Piano
sheet music for classical works and contemporary songs can be found at stores
which sell just sheet music as well as at some stores which sell instruments
and at some record stores. Also, many libraries have sheet music and there is
even a magazine that consists of several sheet music selections each month.

Q: What is the Enhanced Sidplayer?
A: The Editor was completely rewritten to be faster and include new editing
features and new sound commands. It is published with a new Player and other
utilities in the book "COMPUTE!'s Music System for the Commodore 128 and 64:
The Enhanced Sidplayer." It is a book and disk combination priced at $24.95.
The disk contains Commodore 128 versions on one side and Commodore 64 versions
on the other. See SIDNEWS #7 for a complete description of this product.

Q: Are the songs compatible?
A: The Enhanced Sidplayer can play songs created by the original Sidplayer
Editor. The earlier Sidplayer, however, cannot play songs created by the
Enhanced Editor that use any of the new command or note features. Enhanced
songs can be played only on the Enhanced Player.

Q: Okay then, where can I download the Enhanced Player?
A: COMPUTE! has decided not to allow the Enhanced Player to be freely
distributed. COMPUTE! owns the copyright and feels that a Public Domain player
would be counterproductive to sales and would weaken the copyright. Anyone
wishing to use the Enhanced Sidplayer machine language playing routines in a
program to be distributed must get written permission from COMPUTE!. Thus far
COMPUTE! has not granted such permission to anyone. So, the Enhanced Player
should not be on any services or BBS's, and to get it you have to buy the new
book.

Q: If I get the Enhanced Sidplayer, most other people won't be able to play the
songs I make, so shouldn't I get the original Sidplayer instead?
A: Songs created on the Enhanced Editor will be compatible with the earlier
players as long as you do not use certain commands and note features. The new
Editor was rewritten from scratch completely in machine language, and includes
the most requested new editing features that make song entry much easier and
less tedious. Some people find that they can enter songs in half the time that
it took them on the original Editor. The Enhanced Editor is significantly
easier and more fun to use, and is definitely easier for a beginner, so it
would be the better choice. The 263 pages of text in the new book also describe
the music system more thoroughly than the 100 pages of actual text on Sidplayer
in Volume Two.

Q: Which note features and commands in the Enhanced Sidplayer should I avoid
using so that the songs I create will be playable on the earlier players?
A: Do not use the following Enhanced note features: double sharps, double
flats, dotted thirty second notes, sixty fourth notes, triplet durations,
double dotted durations, and utility-voice durations. Also do not use phrases
16 through 23 and do not use any of the fourteen new commands: HLD, PVD, PVR,
P&V, RTP, LFO, RUP, RDN, SRC, DST, SCA, MAX, UTV, and JIF (most of these are
advanced commands and would not be used by a beginner anyways). If you take
care not to use these note features and commands in a song, the song will play
fine on any of the earlier players.

Q: Is there a way to tell Enhanced songs from other Sidplayer songs?
A: It has become a common practice to use the Lira symbol (British pound sign)
at the end of the song filename, just before the .MUS extension, to identify a
song as using Enhanced features. If a song without the Lira in the filename is
played on an earlier player and seems to screw up, playing at the wrong tempo
for example, it could be an indication that the song is actually an Enhanced
song.

Q: I can't find the Enhanced Sidplayer book in any stores at all, and I have
looked. I keep waiting and it doesn't show up. I'm getting pretty upset about
it. What's the deal?
A: The bookstores do not seem to be automatically stocking the new book. You
can try to special order the book, but there have been cases where people have
been told that the bookstore can't get the book, even from B. Dalton's and
Waldenbooks stores. Probably your best bet is to order direct from the
publisher. People have reported receiving their order in two weeks so this way
may also be the fastest. See the information at the end of this file for the
phone number to call. If you special order the book, be sure to give the full
title and the ISBN number. Note: As of this writing, the author still hasn't
seen the book in a store himself.

Q: How do you make a words file for a song?
A: You need to use a word processor to create a text file and then run the text
file through a special conversion utility. You also need to put special
commands in the music file indicating where the words should change. It is
explained in detail in Chapter 17 of the new book.

Q: How do you make a picture file for a song?
A: Just take a Doodle or Koala Pad picture and rename it to have the name of
the music file but with the .PIC extension.

Q: How large a file can the Enhanced Player handle?
A: First of all, the largest size file that can be created is 150 blocks, on
the Commodore 128 version of the Enhanced Editor. The Commodore 128 version of
the Enhanced Player can play a music file up to 150 blocks long. The Commodore
64 version can also play one up to 150 blocks long provided there are few songs
on the disk (the disk directory takes up some memory). A words file does not
change the size limit on the Commodore 128 version but it does reduce the size
limit on the Commodore 64 version. A picture file has no effect on maximum song
size on either version.

Q: I have a song that won't play on the Enhanced Player.  It just stops.
A: It is probably stopping with a Clobber error. Play it in the Enhanced Editor
to check for sure. About 99% of all the earlier songs should play on the
Enhanced Player. Those that stop with a Clobber error are using too many
commands between the notes, and the computer is not able to keep up with the
music. Cautions against this practice were given in Volume Two. The Enhanced
Player is more sensitive to Clobber errors than the earlier players, and a song
which came close to causing a Clobber error on the earlier players may actually
cause one on the new player. Also, the Commodore 128 version is slightly more
sensitive to Clobber errors than the Commodore 64 version. A song which causes
the Clobber error can be edited to not use so many commands between notes and
thereby eliminate the problem. See page 139 of the new book for more
information.

Q: Some songs sound a little different on the Enhanced Player. They don't sound
bad, but just different somehow.
A: Yes, there are some subtle timing differences having to do with the added
features, and the differences are noticeable on some songs.

Q: What are the waveform and envelope settings to get a piano sound?
A: There are none. The SID chip oscillators cannot produce a realistic piano
sound. The waveform produced by a piano does not conform to the simple pulse,
sawtooth, and triangle waves supported by the SID chip, it is different in
different octaves, and it changes shape during the course of a note and
according to how hard the piano key was struck. The waveform is too complex for
the SID chip to emulate. Some other instruments which can't be emulated very
well are saxophone and acoustic guitar. Although the SID chip could produce a
fairly good piano sound from a digitized sample, this technique uses too much
memory and processing time and won't work with Sidplayer. The best you can do
is experiment with different settings and different sounds until you find
something that sounds good. The type and style of the music also makes a
difference. A sound will sound more like an acoustic guitar, for instance, if
the music itself is the kind that would be played on an acoustic guitar. If you
want a more convincing piano sound on a computer, get an Amiga.

Q: Are you going to do a Sidplayer for the Amiga?
A: No.


Books by Craig Chamberlain:

"All About the Commodore 64, Volume One" (a tutorial in the BASIC language),
$12.95, ISBN 0-942386-40-X

"All About the Commodore 64, Volume Two" (advanced BASIC and graphics and music
utilities to give you the power of machine language with the convenience of
BASIC, including the original Sidplayer), $16.95, ISBN 0-942386-45-0

"COMPUTE!'s Music System for the Commodore 128 and 64: The Enhanced Sidplayer"
(a book and disk combination containing the complete Enhanced Sidplayer
system), $24.95, ISBN 0-87455-074-2


COMPUTE!'s Toll Free Order Number: 1-800-346-6767
In New York, (212) 887-8525

COMPUTE!'s Toll Free Number for Dealer Orders: 1-800-638-3822
In New York, (212) 887-8566

COMPUTE! Books
P.O. Box 5038
F.D.R. Station
New York, NY 10150


Sidplayer is currently the most popular non-MIDI music system for the Commodore
64 and 128 computers. At $24.95, the Enhanced Sidplayer has more features and
costs less than other commercial music systems, and it is better documented.
Most people find it worth the price, and find it worthwhile to get the book for
the documentation.
SIDPLAYER NEWS #13  June 1987

STORY NOTES FOR THE HORROR

"The Horror" is an original composition by Brian Szepatowski that plays for
fifteen minutes. It is a Sidplayer song that comes on the disk for the Enhanced
Sidplayer. The work is a story about a Hero and an entity known as the Horror
who fight using psi power. This documentation file presents the story by
describing the action at various points in the song.

0:00 This is the beginning of the awakening. The wind is blowing and you can
hear the trees rustling. There are people walking. They find a cave opening and
walk down into the cave. They start chanting spells and incantations.

1:18 The Horror awakens. He starts exercising and testing his power because he
has been dormant for so long. He snickers.

1:44 This starts the Carefree Theme. People in the town are going about their
business, shopping for Twinkies in a grocery store.

2:18 The bass line tells when the Horror shows up. He starts stalking people,
looking out from behind bushes, cars, etc.

2:31 The Horror begins going after all his prey. There is lots of death and
destruction.

3:07 This starts the Helpless Theme. People are trying to fight back against
the Horror but there is nothing they can do. They are powerless against the psi
power of the Horror.

3:20 This is the Sadness Theme. The Horror has had his fun, so he goes off,
while the people are mourning.

3:52  The Horror laughs sadistically.

3:55  The Hero begins his training in psi power.

4:26  The Hero begins more serious training.

4:42  The Hero is completing his training.

5:10  The Hero goes off to battle.

5:29 This is the beginning of the confrontation between the Horror and the
Hero. They are sizing each other up, being obnoxious to each other, and trying
to stare each other down. They have a "little discussion."

5:59 The battle is beginning. The Hero's theme pops in occasionally but mostly
it is the Horror's theme, because he is mostly in control.

6:14 This is the actual start of the mind to mind battle. The first move is
made by the Horror.

6:47 The battle continues. The Hero is beaten to rags and is mostly defeated.

7:02 While the Helpless Theme plays, the Hero watches as the Horror does more
damage. There is more death and destruction as the Horror does more of his
sadistic work. The Horror wants to rub it in, and have the Hero see this.

8:00 The Hero decides that okay, he has to fight - he has no choice. He is the
only one who can stop the Horror. He pulls himself together and finds within
himself the power to do what he has to do, that nobody else can do.

8:10 This is the beginning of the second battle. The Hero is in control most of
the time.

8:36 The Hero is determined to win and destroy the Horror. While the Serious
Training Theme plays, the Hero does the most damage to the Horror. The Horror
isn't able to do too much back.

9:15  The Horror says "no" and tries to come back.

9:30 Both of them are fighting. The Hero was getting beat on so he starts
moving out of the way, and the fight turns back to his side.

9:39  The good guy wins out and gets on top.

9:55  The Hero works on finishing what he had started.

10:06  The Horror makes a last ditch effort before he gets destroyed.

10:11  The Hero says no and destroys him.

10:39 This is the moment of victory. The Hero has destroyed the Horror
completely, or so he thinks.

10:46  This is the sunrise and clearing of all of the darkness to light.

11:04 The music moves into the Resolution Theme. People are getting up,
emerging from the rubble, looking around, and seeing what is going on.

11:41 The Hero walks out of the smoke and fire. People are clapping and
cheering.

11:56 People are picking up the dead people, remembering what they went
through, and remembering all their losses.

12:12  It's party time.  There is a victory celebration.

13:58 The Hero turns away and looks off. He has a distant look in his eyes as
he remembers what he went through.

14:18  The Hero returns to the party.

14:46  The Horror is off in infinity.

15:00 Of course, you can never completely destroy evil. The Horror laughs his
sadistic laugh. He's not dead.

15:10  The End.

SIDPLAYER NEWS #3  March 1986

Welcome to the third news file for Sidplayer.  This document describes how to
use POLYCON, the polyphony conversion utility.

The polyphony effect occurs when one sequence of notes is played alternately
on two voices.  For example, voice one plays the first note, voice two plays
the second note, voice one plays the third note, and so on.  This allows each
new note to start playing while the previous note is still fading away, for a
pleasant, continuous sound.  The effect is heard at a few places in the song
HOMECOMING and in most of the song FUER.

The POLYCON utility converts a song so that the notes in one voice are played
with the polyphony effect.  To do this, it copies the notes in the one voice
to a second voice that is not being used, and then changes every other note to
a rest.  The first, third, fifth, etc. notes on the one voice will be changed
to rests, and the second, fourth, sixth, etc. notes on the other voice will be
changed to rests.

To convert a song, load and run the POLYCON utility.  Enter the name of the
song to be converted, and wait for the song to load.

The source voice is the voice which contains the notes that are to be played
with the polyphony effect.  When prompted for the source voice, enter the
number of the voice which has these notes.

The entire voice may be converted, or only the notes in a specified range of
measures.  Enter the number of the measure where the conversion should start,
or just press the Return key if you want the conversion to start at the
beginning of the voice.

Next enter the number of the measure where the conversion should end.  The
conversion will stop at the beginning of this measure.  For example, if you
specify that the conversion should stop at measure 50, the notes up to measure
50 will be converted, but those in measure 50 will not be converted.  Press
only the Return key if you want the conversion to continue to the end of the
voice.

If you do not convert the whole voice, and enter a number for the beginning or
ending measure, or both, the voice must contain corresponding measure markers
with the same numbers.  The POLYCON utility searches the voice for these
measure markers to find where to start and stop the conversion.  If the
measure markers are missing, the program will report an error.

The program next asks you to specify which voices are to be used to produce
the polyphony effect.  Press the Y or N key to specify yes or no on each voice.

The polyphony effect requires that two voices be used.  The source voice can
be one of these, so be sure to type Y for the source voice.

The second voice should be one that is not in use - not playing any notes -
while the polyphony notes are being played.  If you are converting an entire
voice, this second voice must be empty.  If you are converting only a range of
measures, the second voice should be playing only rests during those measures.
Decide which voice will be the second voice, and type Y for that voice number.
Type N for the remaining voice.

If the conversion is being done on a range of measures, there must be
corresponding measure markers in the second voice as well as in the source
voice.  The utility will report an error if it cannot find the starting and
ending measure markers in the second voice.

Any notes, rests, or commands between the measure markers in the second voice
will be deleted and replaced with the polyphony notes.

After you have responded with Y or N for each voice, the utility will perform
the conversion and ask you if you want to convert another part.  Type Y to
repeat the above procedure, possibly using a different source voice.

When you are done and do not want to convert any more notes, just type N at
the prompt asking if you want to convert another part.  Then enter a filename
and wait for the program to save the converted song.

You may need to go back to the Sidplayer Editor and add slower release rates
to the polyphony voices to make the polyphony effect more noticeable.

Also remember that you can always use the Editor to examine someone else's
song to see how some of these advanced techniques are used.  For example, you
may want to look at how polyphony was used with detuning for an interesting
effect at the beginning of the song ISLAND.  Polyphony also creates a nice
effect on fast arpeggios; it does not have to be used just with slow notes.

The polyphony effect can also be done using three voices.  Just type Y for
each voice when prompted.  Be sure that the two voices other than the source
voice are not playing any notes during those measures when the polyphony
effect is desired, as those notes will be deleted by the utility and replaced
with the polyphony notes.

The POLYCON utility has one other use besides converting a song for the
polyphony effect.  If you specify that you want polyphony on only one voice,
and that voice is the source voice, the program will print an error message,
because polyphony can not be done with only one voice.

If the polyphony voice is different from the source voice, however, the
program will only print a warning message that a non-polyphonic arrangement
has been selected, and will then duplicate the specified range of measures
from the source voice to the polyphony voice without changing any notes to
rests.

This can be useful occasionally when you want to have the exact same sequence
of notes on two voices.  One application is when you want to use the advanced
technique of having two voices synced together with the TPS value changing
every few notes.  It is a lot easier to just duplicate the notes than to
define and call several phrases, each phrase being only one or two notes long.

As a final comment, remember that once a part of a song has been converted,
there is no easy way to undo the conversion.  It may be a good idea to keep a
copy of the song without the polyphony effect.
Complete list of public forums as of October 3, 1993.


Gateway.  Three letter code that identifies the information provider
area.  When used with the GO navigation command it permits the fastest
transfer between online menus or article pages.  The current Gateway
codes are:
        CIS    CompuServe Infomation Service
        EET    Electronic Engineering Times Network Service
        ZMC    Ziff-Davis MacUser/MacWEEK/CompuServe Information Service
        ZNT    Ziff-Davis ZiffNet Information Service
        HOME   The CompuServe Host for your account (GO HOME:MAIL)

Quick Reference Word.  Identifiers that are used to access services.
Enter GO and a Quick Reference Word to access a particular
menu or article page online (for example: GO CIS:ATARIPRO).  All Quick
Reference Words can be abbreviated to six (6) characters (for
example: GO CIS:ATARIP).  In CompuServe Information Manager (CIM),
Quick Reference Words are called Service Names.

Note:  A plus sign (+) after the Forum Name indicates an extended service
forum.

This file is compiled by Ed Girou by navigating through every CompuServe menu
option.  The time to create and maintain this file is extensive.  This file
cannot be redistributed, published, etc. without prior written permission
from the author.  Contact the author at [76702,542] via CompuServe Mail.



                               Quick
                               Reference    Gate-
Forum Name/Description         Word         way
----------------------         -----------  -----
ACIUS Forum+                   ACIUS        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 4D Server                        0 NEW UPLOADS
        2 4D/4D Compiler                   1 4D Server
        3 Externals Kit                    2 4D/4D Compiler
        4 4D Modules                       4 4D Modules
        5 Object Master                    5 Object Master
        6 4D DAL/SQL Server                6 4D DAL/SQL Server
        7 FileForce                        7 FileForce
        8 Beginner's Area                  8 Beginners Area
       11 Community Square                 9 UNUSED
       12 Sales/Cust Service              11 Community Square
       13 International/ACI               12 Sales/Cust Service
       14 3rd Party Products              13 International/ACI
                                          14 3rd Party Products

AI Expert Forum+               AIEXPERT     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 News/General                     0 News/General
        1 AI EXPERT Listings               1 AI EXPERT Listings
        2 LISP/Scheme                      2 LISP/Scheme
        3 PROLOG                           3 PROLOG
        4 Object-Oriented                  4 Object-Oriented
        5 Expert Systems                   5 Expert Systems
        6 Robotics                         6 Robotics
        7 More Languages                   7 More Languages
        8 Data Base Prog                   8 Utility Room
        9 Contributor's                    9 Contributor's
       10 NeuroLinguistic                 10 NLP

       11 Neural Nets                     11 Neural Nets
       12 Genetic Algorithms              12 Genetic Algorithms
       13 Fuzzy Logic                     13 Fuzzy Logic
       14 Applications Issues             14 Applications Issues
       15 Beginners                       15 Beginner's Corner
       16 Hypertext/Text                  16 Hypertext/Text
       17 *COFFEE HOUSE*

APPC Info Exchange Forum+      APPCFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Forum Info               1 General Forum Info
        2 Application Design               2 Common Questions
        3 Using CPI-C                      3 Catalogs
        4 Small Platforms                  4 Technical Papers
        5 Medium Platforms                 5 Coding Examples
        6 Large Platforms                  6 Sample Programs
        7 Networks for APPC                7 Config Examples
        8 APPC Suggestion Box              8 Tools and Utilities
        9 News/Announcements               9 News/Announcements
       10 Conferences/Classes             10 Conferences/Classes
       11 APPN Architect Only             11 APPN Architect Only
       13 MPTN                            13 MPTN
       17 APPC3270 Work Group             17 APPC3270 Work Group

ASP/Shareware Forum+           ASPFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Info [ASP]               0 General Info [ASP]
        1 Product Supp [ASP]               1 Product Supp [ASP]
        2 Ask the ASP [ASP]                2 Ask the ASP [ASP]
        3 Shareware! [ASP]                 3 Shareware! [ASP]
        4 New Members [ASP]                4 Membership Info
        5 Village Inn [ASP]

Adobe Forum+                   ADOBE        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Getting started                  1 Getting Started
        2 Announcements                    2 News/Announcements
        3 Utilities                        3 Utilities
        4 PostScript                       4 PostScript
        5 Adobe Illustrator                5 Adobe Illustrator
        6 AFM Files                        6 AFM FILES
        7 Typeface Lib/IBM                 7 Typeface Lib/IBM
        8 Related Software                 8 Related Software
        9 Printers/PPDs                    9 PPD Files
       10 MAC Typeface/New                10 MAC Typeface/New
       11 Service Bureaus/DTP             11 Service Bureaus/DTP
       12 Adobe UserGroup/ATX             12 Adobe UserGroup/ATX
       13 Acrobat                         13 Acrobat
       14 ATM/MAC                         14 ATM/MAC
       15 Premiere                        15 Premiere
       16 Photoshop                       16 Photoshop
       17 ATM/PC                          17 ATM/PC

Aldus Forum+                   ALDUSFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 The Grape-Vine                   0 New Uploads
        1 Customer Services                1 Press Releases
        2 Aldus Consumer Div.              2 Aldus Consumer Div
        3 Mac PageMaker                    3 Mac PageMaker
        4 PC PageMaker                     4 PC PageMaker
        5 Aldus FreeHand                   5 Aldus FreeHand
        7 Aldus PhotoStyler                7 Aldus PhotoStyler
        8 Aldus Persuasion                 8 Aldus Persuasion

        9 PrePrint & Fetch                 9 PrePrint & Fetch
       10 Tips and Tricks                 10 Mac Utils & Filts.
       11 Feature Requests                11 PC Util/Drvs/Flts.
       12 PM 5.0 Upgrade Info             12 Scripts & Additions
       13 Aldus Magazine                  13 Aldus Magazine
       14 PM5 1st Impressions

Aldus Special Programs Forum+  ALDUSSP      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        9 3rd. Party Dev.                 10 Developer's Corner
       10 Developers Corner

Amiga Arts Forum+              AMIGAARTS    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Library News                     1 Forum Help
        2 Forum Business/Help              2 Games
        3 Hot News and Rumors              3 Game Scenarios
        4 Games                            4 Game Demos
        5 Draw and Paint                   5 MODs/DMCS
        6 DeskTop Video                    6 Digitized Sound
        7 Music and MIDI                   7 Audio/MIDI Utils
        8 Rendering                        8 Original Art
        9 Animation                        9 Derived Art
       10 MultiMedia                      10 3D
       16 Ramblings                       11 24 Bit IFF Art
                                          12 Animations
                                          13 Digitized Animation
                                          14 Graphic Utilities
                                          15 Euro Demos/"Hacks"
                                          16 MultiMedia
                                          17 Nudes

Amiga Tech Forum+              AMIGATECH    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Library News                     1 Forum Help
        2 Forum Business/Help              4 Languages
        3 Hot News and Rumors              5 C Programming
        4 General Programming              6 ASM Programming
        5 C Programming                    7 ARexx
        6 ASM Programming                  8 Object Oriented
        7 ARexx                            9 Other Programming
        8 System Software                 10 Programmers Utils
        9 Authoring Systems               11 System Utils
       10 2.0 Programming                 13 Libraries
       11 Amiga UNIX                      15 Classes
       16 Ramblings                       16 Fish Disks

Amiga User's Forum+            AMIGAUSER    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Uploads                      1 Forum Help
        2 Forum Business/Help              2 Amiga Help
        3 Hot News and Rumors              3 CO Transcripts
        4 New Amiga Users                  4 News and Reviews
        5 Communications                   5 Communications
        6 Word Processing/DTP              6 Word Processing/DTP
        7 Personal Apps                    7 Text Utilities
        8 Business Apps                    8 Printer Utilities
        9 Using 2.0 - 3.0                  9 Disk Utilities
       10 Amiga Amateur Radio             10 Printer Drivers
       11 Amiga Hardware                  11 Fonts/Pointer/Icons
       12 Bridgeboard/AMAX                12 Hardware Help
       13 CDTV                            13 General Apps
       14 International Amiga             14 Amiga UPDATES

       16 Ramblings                       15 General Utilities
       17 Classified                      16 Archivers/Crunchers

Amiga Vendor Forum+            AMIGAVENDOR  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Central Coast                    1 Central Coast
        2 ASDG                             2 ASDG
        3 NewTek                           3 NewTek
        4 Impulse                          4 Impulse
        5 New Horizons                     5 New Horizons
        6 Black Belt Systems               6 Black Belt Systems
        7 Syndesis                         7 Syndesis
        8 INOVAtronics                     8 INOVAtronics
        9 AutoPilot                        9 AutoPilot
       10 GVP                             10 GVP
       11 DKB Software                    11 DKB Software
       12 Softwood                        12 Softwood
       13 Oxxi/Precision                  13 Oxxi/Precision
       14 Right Answers                   14 Right Answers
       15 Soft-Logik                      15 Soft-Logik
       16 MicroBotics                     16 MicroBotics

Apple II Programmers Forum+    APPROG       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Library Questions                0 UPLOAD HERE & Help
        1 Forum Business                   2 S'ware From Apple
        2 The Apple Developer              3 BASIC Tools
        3 Down To BASIC                    4 Pascal and C Tools
        4 Pascal and C                     5 Machine Lang. Tools
        5 Machine Language                 6 Other Lang. Tools
        6 Other Languages                  7 GS Toolbox Tools
        7 The IIgs Toolbox                 8 Hardware Helps
        8 Hardware Issues                  9 HyperStudio
        9 HyperStudio                     10 Sound/Music
       10 Sound/Music                     11 HyperCard GS
       11 HyperCard GS

Apple II Users Forum+          APPUSER      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Library Questions                0 UPLOAD HERE & Help
        1 Forum Business                   2 Appleworks (AW)
        2 Appleworks (AW)                  3 N.A.U.G. (AW)
        3 N.A.U.G. (AW)                    4 Utilities
        4 Utilities                        5 Hardware
        5 Hardware                         6 IIgs DAs/INITs
        6 IIgs DAs/INITs                   7 IIgs Software
        7 IIgs Software                    8 Apple II Software
        8 Apple II Software                9 Art & Graphics
        9 Art & Graphics                  10 DTP Templates/Fonts
       10 Desktop Publishing              11 Games/Entertainment
       11 Games/Entertainment             12 Telecommunications
       12 Telecommunications              13 Apple ///
       13 Apple ///                       14 Archived Threads
       14 Hot Topic                       15 Community Square
       15 Community Square                16 R-Rated Artwork

Apple II Vendor Forum+         APIIVEN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Business
        2 Applied Engineering              2 Applied Engineering
        3 1st Class Periphrls              3 1st Class Periphrls
        4 Stone Edge Tech.                 4 Stone Edge Tech.
        5 Beagle Bros                      5 Beagle Bros

        6 InTrec Software                  6 InTrec Software
        7 On Three Inc.                    7 On Three Inc.
        8 Seven Hills                      8 Seven Hills
        9 TMS Peripherals                  9 TMS Peripherals

Aquaria/Fish Forum+            FISHNET      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Your First Aquarium              1 Your First Aquarium
        2 Lights/Filters/Etc.              2 Equipment/Products
        3 Freshwater Aquaria               3 Freshwater Aquaria
        4 DutyTeam Help Rqsts              4 Disease/Treatment
        5 Marine/Reef Aquaria              5 Marine/Reef Aquaria
        6 FISHNET Info Center              6 Misc. Hints & Tips
        7 Sushi Bar and Grill              7 Community Library
        8 Trading Post                     8 FISHNET Archives
        9 Koi/Fish Ponds                   9 Koi/Fish Ponds
       10 Journal Club                    10 ****> UPLOADS <****
       11 Clubs/Law/News                  11 Graphics Library
       12 Breeding & Fry Care             12 Law Library
       13 Aquaculture/Fishery             13 Aquaculture/Fishery
       14 Software/Programs               14 Software/Programs

Artisoft Forum+                ARTISOFT     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New User/New Instal              0 New Uploads
        1 General Information              1 Official Bulletins
        2 LANtastic 4 Windows              2 Patches and Drivers
        3 LANtastic 4 Netware              3 News Releases
        4 LANtastic 4 Mac's                4 Shareware Programs
        5 LANtastic 4 TCP/IP               5 Demo Software
        6 Artisoft Sound Brd.              6 LPI and VPI
        7 The Network Eye                  7 LANtastic 4 TCP/IP
        8 Central Station                  8 WAN's
        9 Programming Support
       10 Artisoft Articom
       11 Wide Area Networks

Ask3Com Forum+                 ASKFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info/Help                0 New Uploads
        2 3+/3+Open/LanMan                 1 General Info./Help
        3 3+/3+Open Macintosh              2 Pub. Dom./Shareware
        4 NetWare Server                   3 Documentation
        5 NetWare Client                   4 Patches and Fixes
        6 Workgroup/Servers                5 Unsupported Utils.
        7 Adptrs/Hubs/Cabling              6 User Submitted
        8 Communications Svrs              7 Drivers/Diagnostics
        9 Brdg/Router/Gateway              8 Technical Bulletins
       10 Protocols&Standards             10 Network Management
       11 Network Management              11 Programming
       12 3rd Party Products
       13 Software Developers
       14 Classifieds

Astronomy Forum+               ASTROFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Getting Started                  2 Utility Software
        3 Viewing Satellites               3 Viewing Satellites
        4 Viewing the Sky                  4 Viewing the Sky
        5 News/Current Events              5 Astronomy Databases
        6 Astrophotography                 6 Astrophotography
        7 Astrocomputing                   7 Astronomy Software

        8 Telescopes/Hardware              8 Telescopes/Hardware
        9 Cosmology                        9 Cosmology
       10 Graphics                        10 CHARTS & FIGURES
       11 Hot Topics!                     11 PLANET EARTH GIFS
       12 CCD Users' Corner               12 AMATEUR/PRO PHOTOS
                                          13 ORBITING SCOPE GIFS
                                          14 SPACECRAFT GIFS
                                          15 CCD IMAGES
                                          16 MISCELLANEOUS GIFS
                                          17 New Uploads

Atari 8-Bit Forum+             ATARI8       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Help & Info
        2 Telecommunications               2 Telecommunications
        3 System Utilities                 3 System Utilities
        4 Sound & Graphics                 4 Graphics
        5 Productivity S'ware              5 Productivity S'ware
        6 DOS Related Q & A                6 Sound & Music
        7 Hot Topics                       7 News & Reviews
        9 BBS Related                      9 BBS Programs/Info
       10 Computer Games                  10 Games
       11 Magazine Notes                  11 ZNET Online
       12 Peripherals                     14 Programming Aids
       13 System Upgrades                 15 Jaguar
       14 Programming                     16 Lynx
       15 Jaguar                          17 Miscellaneous
       16 Lynx
       17 Community Square

Atari Portfolio Forum+         APORTFOLIO   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Help Files
        2 Communications                   2 Communications
        3 Utilities                        3 Utilities
        4 Entertainment                    4 Entertainment
        5 Editors/Word Proc.               5 Editors/Word Proc.
        6 Database Functions               6 Database Functions
        7 Applications                     7 Applications
        8 Programming                      8 Programming
       10 Mac-to-PORTFOLIO                11 GRAPHICS
       11 Peripherals                     16 News & Reviews
       14 HyperList                       17 Misc. Files
       15 *WISH LIST*
       16 News & Reviews
       17 Community Square

Atari ST Arts Forum+           ATARIARTS    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Help/Info
        2 Games                            2 Games
        3 ST Graphics                      3 Game Data Files
        4 Advanced Graphics                4 GIF/RLE/FCP Pics
        5 Music/MIDI                       5 Music/MIDI
        6 Desktop Publishing               6 DEGAS/NEO/TINY Pics
        7 Peripherals                      7 SPECTRUM Pics
        8 Hot Topics                       8 CAD3D/Animations
        9 News/Product Info                9 CYBER files A-M
       10 Atari Expl Online               10 CYBER files N-Z
       11 LEXICOR Software                11 LEXICOR Software
       12 TBA                             12 Demo programs
       13 Ask ATARI Corp.                 13 R-rated pics
       14 ST REPORT                       14 Viewers/Utilities

       15 Atari International             15 News & Reviews
       17 Community Square                17 Misc. Files

Atari ST Productivity Forum+   ATARIPRO     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Help/Info
        2 Telecommunications               2 Telecommunications
        3 Operating Systems                3 Programming Tools
        4 Applications                     4 Utility Programs
        5 Networking Ataris                5 Applications
        6 Hardware specific                6 ACCs & Setups
        8 Hot Topics                       8 News & Reviews
        9 Emulators                        9 Printer/Fonts/Icons
       10 New Products                    10 Program Demos
       11 Programming                     11 Tutorials
       14 QuickCIS                        14 GNC compiler files
       17 Community Square                15 TeX/LaTeX
                                          17 Misc. files

Atari Vendor Forum+            ATARIVEN     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Business
        2 Intersect Software               2 Intersect Software
        3 Michtron                         3 Michtron
        4 OXXI/Precision                   4 OXXI/Precision
        5 MacDonald Assoc.                 5 MacDonald Assoc.
        6 Maxwell CPU                      6 Maxwell CPU
        7 ICD, Inc.                        7 ICD, Inc.
        8 Gribnif Software                 8 Gribnif Software
        9 Lexicor Software                 9 Lexicor Software
       10 Missionware                     10 Missionware
       11 Soft-Logik Pub'ing              11 Soft-Logik Pub'ing
       12 Oregon Research                 12 Oregon Research
       13 Double Click                    13 Double Click
       14 Gadgets By Small                14 Gadgets By Small
       15 Supra Corp.                     15 Supra Corp.
       16 CodeHead Tech.                  16 CodeHead Tech.
       17 DMC Publishing                  17 DMC Publishing

Attn. Deficit Disorder Forum+  ADD          CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 The Coffee Haus                  1 Archives and Tools
        2 Parenting Issues                 2 Parenting Issues
        3 The Student Union                3 Kids/Teens Library
        4 Diagnosing ADD                   4 Diagnosing ADD
        5 Schools & Learning               5 Schools & Learning
        6 Therapy/Medication               6 Therapy/Medication
        7 Adult ADD                        7 Adult ADD
        8 Books & Resources                8 Books & Resources
        9 Workplace & ADD                  9 Workplace & ADD
       10 Relationships & ADD             10 Relationships
       11 Conferences & Mtgs              11 Conferences & Mtgs
       12 Support Groups                  12 Support Groups
       13 Ask The Doctor(s)               13 Ask The Doctor(s)
       14 TS/PDD/AUT/et al                14 TS/PDD/AUT/et al
       15 SOS - Need Help NOW             15 Member Information
       16 Politics of ADD                 16 Politics of ADD
       17 The ADD Experience              17 The ADD Experience

Autodesk AutoCAD Forum+        ACAD         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 AutoCAD                          1 AutoCAD
        2 AutoCAD API                      2 AutoCAD API

        3 AME/AutoSurf/MCAD                3 AME/AutoSurf/MCAD
        4 Shade/Flix/RMan                  4 Shade/Flix/RMan
        5 Hrdware/Drvrs/ADI                5 Hrdware/Drvrs/ADI
        6 OpSystms/Networks                6 OpSystms/Networks
        7 NAAUG/UsrGps/AdeskU              7 NAAUG/UsrGps/AdeskU
        8 Applications                     8 Applications
        9 What's New/Want Ads              9 What's New!
       10 Shipping/Receiving              10 Utilities
       11 AutoCAD for Windows             11 AutoCAD for Windows
       12 GIS/Civil/AEC                   12 GIS/Civil/AEC
       13 Take 5                          13 Adesk Files/General

Autodesk Retail Forum+         ARETAIL      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Generic CADD -PC                 1 2D  .DWG's & .CMP's
        2 Generic CADD -MAC                2 Mac Drawings & Syms
        3 AutoSketch                       3 AutoSketch
        4 HOME/OFFICE Series               4 HOME/OFFICE Series
        5 Hardware & Drivers               5 Drivers ADI/TPR/VGD
        6 3DD / 3D Concepts                6 3D  .3DD's & .CM3's
        7 Instant Artist                   7 Instant Artist
        8 Graphic Impact                   8 Graphic Impact
        9 What's New/Want Ads              9 What's New!
       10 GenCADD Modules                 11 Macros/Menus/Batch
       11 Customizing CADD                12 Utilities/Misc.
       12 General/Misc.                   13 Wishlists
       13 Wishlists/Feedback              14 Windows / DV / OS/2
       14 Windows / DV / OS/2             15 3rd Party Software
       15 3rd Party Software              16 Humor & Whimsy
       16 Life, Universe & 42

Autodesk Software Forum+       ASOFT        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 IPAS/POCO/AAWIN                  1 IPAS/POCO/AAWIN
        2 Autodesk Animator                2 Autodesk Animator
        3 Autodesk 3D Studio               3 Autodesk 3D Studio
        4 CA Lab/Chaos                     4 CA Lab/Chaos
        5 CyberSpace Kit/VR                5 CyberSpace Kit/VR
        6 HWare/ADI/OpSys                  6 HWare/ADI/OpSys
        7 Wishlist                         7 Wishlist
        8 HyperChem                        8 HyperChem
        9 What's New/Want Ads              9 What's New!
       10 Shipping/Receiving              10 Utilities
       11 Education Issues                11 Education Issues
       12 Take 5/General                  12 Autodesk/General

Automobile Forum+              CARS         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Resources/Software               2 Resources/Software
        3 Car Buying                       3 Car Buying
        4 What ails it?                    4 What Ails It?
        5 Finance/Insurance                5 Finance/Insurance
        6 Parts & Accessories              6 Parts & Accessories
        7 Safety/Driving                   7 Safety/Driving
        8 Motor Mouth                      8 Motor Mouth
        9 Performance/Muscle               9 Performance/Muscle
       10 The Swap Shop                   10 The Swap Shop
       11 Collectors' Corner              11 Collectors' Corner
       12 Clubs/Events                    12 Clubs/Events
       13 Technical Trends                13 Technical Trends
       14 Trucks, Vans, 4x4s              14 Trucks, Vans, 4x4s
       15 Miataville                      15 Miataville

       16 Rinda Tech/Diacom               16 Rinda Tech/Diacom

Aviation Forum+                AVSIG        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General/HELP                     0 General/HELP
        1 Weather                          1 Weather/WX Programs
        2 Navigation                       2 Navigation
        3 Air Traffic Control              3 Air Traffic Control
        4 SAFETY                           4 SAFETY
        5 Maint/Avionics                   5 Maint/Avionics
        6 Instrument Flight                6 Instrument Flight
        7 Training & Careers               7 Training & Careers
        8 Corp/Business/FBOs               8 Corp/Business/FBOs
        9 Sport/Recreation                 9 Sport/Recreation
       10 Medical/HumnFactors             10 Medical/HumnFactors
       11 Fly-Ins/Meetings                11 Fly-ins/Graphics
       12 Places to Fly                   12 Places to Fly
       13 Computer Programs               13 Av Computer Progrms
       14 Acft Performance                14 Acft Performance
       15 FAA Topics                      15 FAA News & Info
       16 Hangar Flying                   16 Want Ads

BASIS International Forum+     BASIS        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 BBx                              2 BBx
        3 TAOS                             3 TAOS
        5 Other Bus. BASIC                 5 Other Bus. BASIC
        6 Applications                     6 Applications
        7 DOS Environment                  7 DOS Environment
        8 *nix Environment                 8 *nix Environment
        9 Training Room                    9 Training Room
       10 The Advantage                   10 The Advantage
       11 ADD+ON Software
       12 Open Systems

Bacchus Wine Forum+            WINEFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Wine                     0 General Interest
        1 Wine Shopping                    1 Buyer's Guide
        2 Tasting Notes                    2 Tasting Notes
        3 Books & Pubs.                    3 Books & Pubs.
        4 Food & Wine                      4 Food & Wine
        5 Soapbox/Winebox                  5 Soapbox/Winebox/Q&A
        6 Cellars/ Cellaring               6 Cellars/ Cellaring
        7 Wine Symposium                   7 Wine Symposium
        8 Grapes & Winemaking              8 Grapes & Winemaking
        9 Beers & Breweries                9 Beers & Breweries
       11 Travel/Events                   11 Restaurant Guide
       12 Friends & Fun                   12 Eclectic Exchange
       13 Technical Homebrew              13 AHA/Zymurgy/Clubs
       14 General Homebrewing             14 General Homebrew
       15 Beer Recipes/Styles             15 Beer Recipes/Styles
       16 Spirits & Other                 16 Spirits & Others
       17 Cigars/Pipes                    17 Cigars/Pipes

Banyan Forum+                  BANFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Use & Help                 0 General-Empty
        2 ABUI, ABUC, ABUUK                1 New Uploads
        3 Macintosh Platforms              2 ABUI/ABUC/ABUUK
        4 EMail/Gateways/Fax               3 Known Problem Rpts
        5 The Network World                4 Banyan Support Ctr

        6 Product Enhancemnts              6 Forum/CIS/General
        7 SoapBox@Banyan@CI$               7 PR/Announcements
        8 Upgrades/Migrations              8 VINES Shareware
        9 VINES (All Revs)                 9 TechNotes Archive
       10 NICs                            10 NICs
       11 Applications/Utils              11 Applications/Utils
       12 Network Management              12 Network Management
       13 Comms/Connectivity              13 Programming/Toolkit
       14 Developer/Program'g             14 Eval/DemoWare(Exp)
       15 OS2/Windows/MemMgmt             15 OS/Windows/Mem.Mgmt
       16 Client & Server H/W             16 H/W Certifications
       17 Patchware

Banyan Patchware Forum+        BANPATCH     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help!!                   1 Misc. BanPatches

Banyan Vines 4.x Patch Forum+  VINES4       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 Vines 4.X Patchware

Banyan Vines 5.x Patch Forum+  VINES5       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help!!                   1 Vines 5.X Patchware

Blyth Forum+                   BLYTH        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Info & Help
        2 Omnis 3 & 5                      2 Omnis 3 & 5
        3 SQL and DAL                      3 SQL and DAL
        4 Extensions                       4 Extensions
        7 Business Partner                 9 Omnis Q & A
        9 Omnis 7 1.X                     10 Omnis 7 (all vers.)
       10 Omnis 7 2.X

Borland Applications Forum+    BORAPP       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New User - General               1 New User - General
        2 Macintosh Products               2 Macintosh Products
        3 SK,Plus, Tl, Eureka              3 SK,Plus, TL, Eureka
        4 Sidekick 2 & Sk PM               4 Sidekick 2 & Sk PM
        5 SuperKey                         5 SuperKey
        6 Screenery                        6 Screenery
        7 Reflex - IBM                     7 Reflex - IBM
        8 RapidFile                        8 RapidFile
        9 Applause M-Graphics              9 Applause M-Graphics
       10 Framework                       10 Framework IV
       14 Knowledgebase CD                11 Framework III
       15 MultiMate                       12 Framework II
       16 Sprint                          13 FW IV Font TFMs
                                          14 MultiMate
                                          15 MultiMate 4.0
                                          16 Sprint

Borland C++/DOS Forum+         BCPPDOS      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Borland DOS Tools                2 From Borland
        3 Debugger/Profiler                3 Debugger/Profiler
        4 Assembly Programing              4 Assembly Programing
        5 C Programming                    5 C Programming
        6 C++ Programming                  6 C++ Programming
        9 Art of Programming               9 Art of Programming
       11 Turbo Vision                    11 Turbo Vision

Borland C++/Windows Forum+     BCPPWIN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Borland Win Tools                2 From Borland
        3 TDW/TProfW                       3 TDW/TProfW
        4 Resource Workshop                4 Resource Workshop
        5 Windows Prog                     5 Windows Prog.
        6 Adv Windows Prog                 6 Adv. Windows Prog
        7 Win32                            8 OS/2
        8 OS/2                             9 Bleeding Edge
        9 Bleeding Edge                   11 ObjectWindows
       11 ObjectWindows

Borland Dbase Products Forum+  BORDB        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Users/Misc                   1 New Users/Misc
        2 Pdx Vers/1.0-3.5                 2 Pdx Vers/1.0-3.5
        3 Install/CFG/HrdWare              3 Install/CFG/HrdWare
        4 Forms/Handling Data              4 Forms/Handling Data
        5 Queries/Reports                  5 Queries/Reports
        6 App Workshop                     6 App Workshop
        7 PAL - Learning                   7 PAL - Learning
        8 PAL - USING                      8 PAL - Using
        9 UI/Wait/Dialogs                  9 UI/Wait/Dialogs
       10 Networks/Interop                10 Networks/Interop
       11 SQL-Link                        11 SQL-Link
       12 Generic Info                    12 Generic Info
       13 Addins/Training                 13 Addins/Training
       14 User's Groups                   14 User's Groups

Borland Developer Tool Forum+  BDEVTOOLS    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Paradox Engine, Pas              2 Paradox Engine, Pas
        3 Pdox Engine, C/C++               3 Pdox Engine, C/C++
        4 Brief                            4 Brief
        5 Sourcerer's Appren.              5 Sourcerer's Appren.
        6 ObjectVision Gen.                6 ObjectVision Gen.
        7 ObjectVision Links               7 ObjectVision Links
        8 Interbase pre-sales              8 Interbase pre-sales

Borland GmbH Forum+            BORGMBH      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 C                                1 C
        2 Pascal                           2 Pascal
        3 Debugger & Tools                 3 Debugger & Tools
        7 Interbase                        8 dBASE
        8 dBASE                           10 Interbase
       10 Paradox DOS                     11 Paradox
       11 Paradox Windows                 12 Quattro Pro
       12 Quattro Pro                     13 Paradox f. Windows
       13 Object Vision                   14 Sonstige Produkte

       14 Framework                       15 Pressemeldungen
       15 Allgemeines                     17 Allgemeines/Preise

Borland Paradox/DOS Forum+     PDOXDOS      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Users/Misc                   1 New Users/Misc
        2 Pdx Vers/1.0-3.5                 2 Pdx Vers/1.0-3.5
        3 Install/CFG/HrdWare              3 Install/CFG/HrdWare
        4 Forms/Handling Data              4 Forms/Handling Data
        5 Queries/Reports                  5 Queries/Reports
        6 App Workshop                     6 App Workshop
        7 PAL - Learning                   7 PAL - Learning
        8 PAL - USING                      8 PAL - Using
        9 UI/Wait/Dialogs                  9 UI/Wait/Dialogs
       10 Networks/Interop                10 Networks/Interop
       11 SQL-Link                        11 SQL-Link
       12 Generic Info                    12 Generic Info
       13 Addins/Training                 13 Addins/Training
       14 User's Groups                   14 User's Groups

Borland Paradox/Windows Forum+ PDOXWIN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Miscellaneous                    1 Miscellaneous
        2 Install/CFG/HrdWare              2 Install/CFG/HrdWare
        3 Tables/TableView                 3 Tables/TableView
        4 Forms                            4 Forms
        5 Reports                          5 Reports
        6 Queries                          6 Queries
        7 Utilities/Browser                7 Utilities/Browser
        8 Multi-User/Interop               8 Multi-User/Interop
        9 Learning ObjectPAL               9 Learning ObjectPAL
       10 ObjectPAL Environ.              10 ObjectPAL Environ.
       11 Using ObjectPAL                 11 Using ObjectPAL
       12 SQL-Link                        12 SQL-Link
       13 Addins/Training                 13 Addins/Training
       14 User Groups                     14 User Groups

Borland PASCAL Forum+          BPASCAL      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Turbo Vision                     1 Turbo Vision
        2 From Borland                     2 From Borland
        3 Debugger                         3 Debugger
        4 Vintage Pascal                   4 Vintage Pascal
        5 Graphics                         5 Graphics
        6 Protected Mode                   6 Protected Mode
        7 DOS Programming                  7 DOS Programming
        8 OWL/BWCC                         8 OWL/BWCC
        9 Windows API                      9 Windows API
       10 Windows Tools                   10 Windows Tools
       16 Networks                        15 Language Express
       17 General                         16 Networks
                                          17 General

Borland Quattro Pro Forum+     QUATTROPRO   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 News & General Help              1 Tech Info Sheets
        2 QP/DOS-General                   2 QP/DOS-General
        3 QP/DOS-Printing                  3 QP/DOS-Printing
        4 QP/DOS-Macros                    4 QP/DOS-Macros
        5 QP/DOS-Networks                  5 QP/DOS-Networks
        7 QP/Win-General                   7 QP/Win-General
        8 QP/Win-Printing                  8 QP/Win-Printing
        9 QP/Win-Macros                    9 QP/Win-Macros

       10 QP/Win-UI Builder               10 QP/Win-UI Builder
       11 QP/Win-Graphs                   11 QP/Win-Graphs
       12 QP/Win-OLE & DDE                12 QP/Win-OLE & DDE
       13 Database Desktop                13 Database Desktop
       15 Non-tech Cust Serv.             15 Non-tech Cust Serv.
       16 Add-ins (DLL/QLL)               16 Add-ins (DLL/QLL)

Borland dBASE Forum+           DBASE        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 News/General Help                1 News/General Help
        2 Install/Config                   2 Install/Config
        3 dBASE III/III+                   3 dBASE III/III+
        4 dBASE Programming                4 dBASE Programming
        5 Memory Issues                    5 Memory Issues
        6 Runtime/Compiler                 6 Runtime/Compiler
        7 Template                         7 Template
        8 Control Center                   8 Control Center
        9 dBASE Addons                     9 dBASE Addons
       11 Non-DOS Platforms               11 Non-DOS Platforms
       12 Wish List                       12 Wish List
       13 Arago                           13 Arago
       15 User Groups                     15 User Groups

Broadcast Professionals Forum+ BPFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Forum Info.              1 UPLOADS
        2 Television                       2 Television
        3 CATV/MMDS/SCTE                   3 CATV/MMDS
        4 B.Eng.- Contract                 4 B.Eng/Contract
        5 Radio/TV Talent                  5 Radio/TV Talent
        6 Strictly AUDIO                   6 Strictly AUDIO
        7 Societies                        7 Societies
        8 Post Prod/ITS/ESIG               8 Post Production
        9 FCC Q & A                        9 FCC Q & A
       10 Radio                           10 Radio
       11 Classified, Jobs                11 Resumes/Jobs/Class.
       12 Manufacturers                   12 Manufacturers Info.
       13 Technical Theatre               13 Technical Theatre
       14 The Lobby                       14 General & Help
       15 TEK/GVG -OnLine                 15 TEK- OnLine
       16 Cellular/LMR                    16 Cellular/LMR
       17 Listener/Viewer Q&A

CADD/CAM/CAE Vendor Forum+     CADDVEN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 ALL CADD/CAM/CAE                 1 ALL CADD/CAM/CAE
        2 UTS / TK Solver!                 2 UTS / TK Solver!
        3 EasyCAD/FastCAD                  3 EasyCAD/FastCAD
        4 ISICAD/CADVANCE                  4 ISICAD/CADVANCE
        6 Microstation                     6 Microstation
        7 CADKEY                           7 CADKEY
        8 Ashlar                           8 Ashlar
        9 ESRI                             9 ESRI
       10 IBM CAD                         10 IBM CAD

CASE DCI Forum+                CASEFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Help                       1 Forum Help
        2 CASE in General                  2 CASE in General
        3 Product Details                  3 Product Details
        4 Integrating Tools                4 Integrating Tools
        5 Software Eng                     5 Software Eng
        6 Management                       6 Management

        7 Brian Wernham/UK                 7 Brian Wernham/UK
        8 DCI's Coffee House               8 DCI's Coffee House
        9 SE Mgmt Study Group              9 SE Study Group BIOs
       10 SE Meth Study Group             10 SE StdyGrp Ref&Arch
       11 Teamwork/Psychology             11 Teamwork/Psychology
       12 GuildNet                        12 GuildNet
       13 Quality Assrnc Inst             13 Quality Assrnc Inst

CB Forum+                      CBFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New CBers (Welcome)              1 General
        2 General Discussions              2 CB in the Press
        3 Teen Talk                        3 CB History
        4 Soapbox (In-Depth)               4 Gallery & Profiles
        5 CB Club Q&A                      5 Events Calendars
        6 Party Information                6 CB Games Info
        7 Lost & Found                     7 POINT PARTI(R)
        8 CB in the News                   9 Utilities
        9 Tech Talk
       10 The Suggestion Box
       11 Number Running
       12 CHATTers' Lounge
       13 CB Games Info
       14 POINT PARTI(R)

CDROM Forum+                   CDROM        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General 
        2 Titles & New Prods               2 Titles & New Prods
        3 Macintosh                        3 Macintosh 
        4 DOS, Windows, OS/2               4 DOS, Windows, OS/2 
        5 Networking                       5 Networking
        6 Stand-Alone Pltfrms              6 Stand-Alone Pltfrms
        7 Drives/Hardware                  7 Drives/Hardware 
        8 CDROM Production                 8 CDROM Production
        9 Industry Issues                  9 Industry Issues
       10 Marketplace                     10 Marketplace 
       11 SIGCAT                          11 SIGCAT
       12 NAUTILUS                        12 NAUTILUS
       13 Standards                       13 Standards
       14 Optical Pub Assoc               14 Optical Pub Assoc

CDROM Vendor Forum+            CDVEN        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Section                  1 General Library
        2 Bowker Elec Pub                  2 Bowker Elec Pub
        3 Meridian Data                    3 Meridian Data
        4 Multimedia Monitor               4 Multimedia Monitor
        5 Nimbus                           5 Nimbus
        6 One Off CD Shops                 6 One Off CD Shops
        7 QuickScan                        7 QuickScan
        8 Trantor Systems                  8 Trantor Systems
        9 Bureau of Elec Pub               9 Bureau of Elec Pub
       10 Best Photo Labs                 10 Best Photo Labs
       11 Online Computer Sys             11 Online Computer Sys
       12 CMC                             12 CMC
       13 ZCI Publishing                  13 ZCI Publishing
       14 Compton's NewMedia              14 Compton's NewMedia

CIM Support Forum (FREE)       CIMSUPPORT   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Questions                1 General Information
        2 Common Solutions                 2 Support Files

        3 Install/Upgrade                  3 User Contributions
        4 Modems/Hardware                  4 V1.X Specific Files
        5 Forums
        6 Mail
        7 Filing Cabinet
        8 Printing
        9 Online Services
       10 Terminal Emulation
       11 Networks
       12 V1.X Specific
       14 French DOSCIM
       15 German DOSCIM
       16 European Support
       17 Suggestions

CIM for Windows Support Forum  WCIMSUPPORT  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Questions                1 General Information
        2 Common Solutions                 2 WinCIM Installation
        3 Install/Upgrade                  3 Member Uploads
        4 Modems/Hardware                  4 Test Uploads
        5 Forums                           7 Support Files
        6 Mail
        7 Filing Cabinet
        8 Printing
        9 Online Services
       10 Terminal Emulation
       11 Networks
       12 WinCIM Under OS/2
       16 European Support
       17 Suggestions

CP/M Users Group Forum+        CPMFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1  Hardware                        1  New Uploads
        2  CP/M-80                         2  General CP/M Files
        3  Commodore CP/M                  3  Commodore CP/M
        4  Word Processors                 4  Word Processors
        5  BBS/RCPM Systems                5  BBS/RCPM Files
        6  ZCPR                            6  ZCPR Files
        7  dBase/Languages                 7  dBase/Languages
        8  Telecommunication               8  Telecommunication
        9  Potpourri                       9 Forum Help Files
       10  16-32 Bit                      10  16-32 Bit Files
       11  For Sale-Private
       12  Basic CP/M Info
       13  Portables

CTOS/Open Forum+               CTOS         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 CTOS General Info                1 CTOS General Info
        2 CTOS Product Info                2 CTOS Product Info
        3 CTOS Product Tips                3 CTOS Product Tips
        4 CTOS Events                      4 CTOS Events
        5 CTOS Documentation               5 CTOS Documentation
        6 CTOS Training                    6 CTOS Training
        7 CTOS Marketing News              7 CTOS Marketing News
        8 ShareWare                        8 CTOS Shareware
        9 3rd Party Solutions              9 3rd Party Solutions

Cabletron Systems Forum+       CTRONFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information

        2 DNI Cards                        2 Press Releases
        3 Ethernet Products                3 Demo Software
        4 Token Ring Products              4 DNI Drivers/Patches
        5 WAN Products                     5 Lanview MIB
        6 LANVIEW/Windows                  6 Flash Images
        7 SPECTRUM
        8 Diagnostic Tools
       10 FDDI Products
       11 Specialty MIMs

Cadence Forum+                 CADENCE      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 News & Information               1 News & Information
        2 CADENCE Code                     2 CADENCE Code
        3 CADENCE Exchange                 3 CADENCE Exchange
        4 AutoCAD Add-Ons                  4 AutoCAD Add-Ons
        5 AutoLISP                         5 AutoLISP
        6 Hands-On AutoCAD                 6 Hands-On AutoCAD
        7 HOT TOPICS!                      7 HOT TOPICS!
        8 General Utilities                8 General Utilities
        9 Tutorials & More                 9 Tutorials & More
       10 User Groups                     10 User Groups
       11 Closed                          11 Product News
       12 Tips & Tricks                   12 Tips & Tricks
                                          13 Third Party Support
                                          16 EuroCAD
                                          17 AutoCAD pubs

California Forum+              CALFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Northern California              2 Northern California
        3 Southern California              3 Southern California
        4 San Diego Area                   4 San Diego Area
        5 LA Basin                         5 LA Basin
        6 SF Bay Area                      6 SF Bay Area
        7 CA Today                         7 CA Today
        8 CA Yesterdays                    8 CA Yesterdays
        9 Business & Science               9 Business & Science
       10 Californians                    10 Californians
       11 CA and the Arts                 11 CA and the Arts
       12 Camp & Campus                   12 Camp & Campus
       13 California Politics             13 California Politics
       14 Touring California              14 Touring California
       15 Sports & Recreation             15 Sports & Recreation
       16 Central California              16 Central California
       17 Cantina California              17 Cantina California

Cancer Forum+                  CANCER       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General / Help                   1 General / Help
        2 Why Me? (Support)                2 Software Library
        3 Standard Therapy                 3 Threads/Transcripts
        4 Supplemental Thrpy               4 Resources
        5 Prevention                       5 Motivation
        6 Cancer in Kids                   6 Children's Library
        7 Cancer in Adults                 7 Medical Graphics
        8 Family Support                   8 Research Library
        9 New Research                     9 Epicurean Quarter
       10 The Coffee Shop                 10 Reference Library
       11 Ostomy Issues                   11 Breast CA Coalition
       12 On Computers...                 13 Immune Deficiencies
       13 Immune Deficiencies

       14 Breast CA Coalition

Cannon Support Forum+          CAN-10       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Hardware Service                 1 Laser Printers
        2 Laser Printers                   2 CaPSL III Coding
        3 Bubble Jet Printers              3 Bubble Jet Printers
        4 Image Scanners                   4 Other Printers
        5 Navigator                        5 Image Scanners
        6 CJ10                             6 CJ10
        7 Miscellaneous                    7 Navigator
        8 Personal Computers               8 Printer Drivers
       12 Clean Earth                      9 Demo Shows
       14 BJC 800/820                     10 Personal Computers
       15 35mm Cameras/Lenses             13 BJC-800/820
                                          14 Shareware/Util.
                                          15 35mm Cameras/Lenses

Canopus Research Forum+        CANOPUS      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Canopus Report                   2 Canopus Report
        3 HOT!/NOT! Hardware               3 RPPVs (Reviews)
        4 HOT!/NOT! Software               4 Vendor Information
        5 HOT!/NOT! Networks               5 Software (Programs)
        6 The OS Wars                      6 Thread Archives
        7 Ask Will                        14 Computer Chronicles
        8 Section Eight
        9 Honored Guests
       10 News of the Week
       11 New Technologies
       12 Industry Trends
       13 The VR Bar & Grill
       14 Computer Chronicles

Central Point DOS Forum+       CPSDOS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Announcements                    1 General Information
        2 CP Backup/DOS                    2 CP Backup/DOS
        4 CPAV/DOS                         4 CPAV/DOS
        6 Commute                          5 Network Products
        7 Install                          6 Commute
        8 PC Tools Desktop V8              7 PC Tools/DOS
        9 PC Shell V5, V6, V7              9 Account/Order Info
       10 Desktop Accessories             10 From Our Tech Staff
       12 System Tools
       13 Data Recovery Tools
       14 DOS Potpourri
       15 Network Products
       17 Account/Order Info

Central Point Win/Mac Forum+   CPSWIN       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Announcements                    1 General Information
        2 CP Backup/Win                    2 CP Backup/Win
        3 Scrapbook                        3 Scrapbook
        4 CPAV/Win                         4 CPAV/Win
        7 PCT/Win Install                  6 ScriptTools Scripts
        8 PCT/Win Desktop                  7 PC Tools/Win
        9 File Mgt Tools                   8 Macintosh Products
       11 Script Tools                     9 Account/Order Info
       12 System Tools                    10 Snooper/Alert!
       13 Data Recovery Tools

       14 Windows Potpourri
       15 Macintosh Products
       16 Snooper/Alert!
       17 Account/Order Info

Chess Forum+                   CHESSFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 Chess Basics                     2 Chess Basics
        3 Theory & Analysis                3 Theory & Analysis
        4 News Wire                        4 News Wire
        5 Hardware/Software                5 Hardware/Software
        6 Casual Games                     6 Casual Games
        7 Electronic Knights               7 Electronic Knights
        8 Oriental/Variants                8 Oriental/Variants
        9 Tourneys (Open)                  9 Tourneys (Open)
       10 Tourneys (Reserve)              10 Tourneys (Reserve)
       11 USCF Q&A                        11 USCF Q&A
       12 USCF Rated Games                12 USCF Rated Games
       13 Ask the GMs                     13 Ask the GMs
       14 Team Play                       14 Team Play
       15 ECenter Chess                   15 ECenter Chess
       16 Time Out                        16 Time Out

Clarion Forum+                 CLARION      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Clarion Discussion               1 Product Information
        2 TopSpeed Discussion              2 File Uploads
        3 Clarion Support                  3 Bug Uploads
        4 TopSpeed Support                 4 Clarion V2 Docs
        5 R & D Suggestions                5 Clarion V3 Docs
        6 Sales & Service                  6 TopSpeed Docs
        7 3rd Party Vendors                7 Clarion V2 Programs
        8 CDD V3.0 Support                 8 Clarion V3 Programs
                                           9 TopSpeed Programs
                                          10 3rd Party Vendors
                                          11 Demo Programs
                                          12 Misc. Utilities

Claris Macintosh Forum+        MACCLARIS    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 FileMaker                        2 FileMaker Library
        3 ClarisWorks                      3 ClarisWorks Library
        4 HyperCard                        4 HyperCard Library
        5 Graphics                         5 Graphics Library
        6 MacWrite                         6 MacWrite Library
        7 MacProject                       7 MacProject Library
        8 Resolve                          8 Resolve Library
        9 AppleWorks                       9 AppleWorks Library

Claris Windows Forum+          WINCLARIS    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Cross-Platform                   1 Cross-Platform
        2 FileMaker                        2 FileMaker
        3 ClarisWorks                      3 ClarisWorks

Client Server Computing Forum+ MSNETWORKS   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Tech Issues                  1 MS Info and Index
        2 Install and Config               2 Install and Config
        3 LM on OS/2                       3 LM on OS/2
        4 LM on WinNT                      4 LM on WinNT

        5 LM/WFW Interop                   5 LM/WFW Interop
        6 LM/Netware Interop               6 LM/Netware Interop
        7 LM/Remote Access                 7 LM/Remote Access
        8 LM/Macintosh Introp              8 LM/Macintosh Introp
        9 NDIS (Net Cards)                 9 NDIS (Net Cards)
       10 NDIS (Transports)               10 NDIS (Transports)
       11 LM Programming                  11 LM Programming
       12 Network Mgmt                    12 Network Mgmt

Cobb Applications Forum+       COBBAPP      ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 123 Macros/Tmplates
        2 123 DOS                          2 123 Drivers/Utils
        3 123 Windows/Mac/OS2              3 123 Resources
        4 123 WYSIWYG/Allways              4 DOS Tools/Resources
        5 DOS CONFIG/AUTOEXEC              5 WIN Tools/Resources
        6 DOS Commands                     6 WIN Graphics/Fonts
        7 DOS Batch Files                  7 General
        8 DOS General
        9 WIN Setup & Install
       10 WIN Program Manager
       11 WIN Control Panel
       12 WIN Accessories
       13 WIN General

Cobb Group Programming Forum+  COBBPROG     ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 C/C++ Programming                1 C and C++ Journals
        2 BASIC Programming                2 BASIC Journals
        3 Pascal Programming               3 Pascal Journals
        4 Paradox Programming              4 Paradox Journals
        5 Microsoft Technical              5 MS Tech. Journals
        6 DOS and Batch Files              6 DOS Journals
        7 General Information              7 Utilities/Misc.
        8 The Endless Loop                 8 The Public Library

Coin/Stamp/Collectibles Forum+ COLLECT      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Beginner's Corner                1 General Information
        2 Stamps and Covers                2 Stamps and Covers
        3 NonSports & Comics               3 NonSports & Comics
        4 Coins and Currency               4 Coins and Currency
        5 Sports Card Trading              5 Sports Card Trading
        6 Sports Cards etc.                6 Sports Cards etc.
        7 Other Collectibles               7 Other Collectibles
        8 Technical and GIF                8 GIF/Technical
        9 Collector's Den                  9 Collector's Den
       10 Books and Media                 10 Books and Media
       11 Autographs                      11 Autographs
       12 Sports Memorabilia              12 Sports Memorabilia
       14 Music Collectibles              14 Music Collectibles
       15 Dolls and Figurines             15 Dolls and Figurines
       16 ANA Money Bytes                 16 ANA Money Bytes

Color Compuer (CoCo) Forum+    COCO         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 Reference Library
        2 Graphics                         2 Graphics
        3 Games                            3 Games
        4 Music                            4 Music
        6 Telecommunications               6 Telecommunications
        7 BBS Systems                      7 CoCo BBS Systems
        8 Application/Utility              8 Application/Utility

        9 OpSystems/Languages              9 OpSystems/Languages
       10 Hardware/Technical              10 Hardware/Technical
       11 CoCo 3                          11 CoCo 3
       12 The Soapbox                     12 The Soapbox
       13 Products / Reviews              13 Products / Reviews
       14 Private Classifieds             14 Private Classifieds
       15 Orchestra-90                    15 Orchestra-90
       16 PC-Orchestra                    16 PC-Orchestra

Comics/Animation Forum+        COMICS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 News and Reviews                 2 News and Reviews
        3 Comic Books                      3 Comic Books
        4 Collecting                       4 Collecting Comics
        5 Japanimation                     5 Japanimation
        6 Animation                        6 Animation
        7 Industry Issues                  7 Industry Issues
        8 Newspaper Strips                 8 Newspaper Strips
        9 Writing & Drawing                9 Writing & Drawing
       10 Focus:Ultraverse                10 Creator Focus
       11 Letters of Comment              11 Anime Picture Files
       12 Adult Comics                    12 Adult Comics
       13 Meetings & Cons                 13 CO Archives
       14 Chatter                         14 SF Comic Art Museum
       15 Censorship                      15 Censorship
       16 Retailers                       16 San Diego Comic-Con
                                          17 WITSIG

Commodore Applications Forum+  CBMAPP       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Help & News                1 New Uploads
        2 Programming                      2 ARC/Help/Forum Util
        3 geoProgramming                   3 Demos and Info
        4 Hardware                         4 geoProgramming
        5 Telecom/BBS                      5 BASIC and ML
        6 Application S'ware               6 C & Other Languages
        7 CP/M                             7 CP/M Software
        8 Education                        8 Disk/REU Utilities
        9 Pushing the Limits               9 Home and Business
       10 CMD Support                     10 Science & Education
       15 Trading Post                    11 Exotic Applications
       16 Ramblings                       12 C64 Telecom
                                          13 C128 Telecom
                                          14 Bulletin Boards
                                          15 Orphan Computers
                                          16 Vendor Support LIB

Commodore Art/Games Forum+     CBMART       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Help/Data Lib Tools              1 Help/Data Lib Tools
        2 Community Square                 2 Community Square
        3 Sids 'N Stuff                    3 Sids 'N Stuff
        4 Music Util/Demos                 4 Music Util/Demos
        5 Poetry & Writings                5 Baroque & Classics
        6 Binary Brushworks                6 Binary Brushworks
        7 'Peeks' & Pix Group              7 'Peeks' & Pix Group
        8 Arcade/Action Games              8 Arcade/Action Games
        9 Adventure Games                  9 Adventure Games
       10 Graphics Util & GIF             10 Graphics Util & GIF
       11 Board/Card/Ed Games             11 Board/Card/Ed Games
       12 CAD & FIGUREs/RLEs              12 CAD & FIGUREs/RLEs
       13 GEOS in General                 13 GEOS in General
       14 Pixel Perfect & RLE             14 Pixel Perfect & RLE
       15 geoPaint Gallery                15 geoPaint Gallery
       16 TV/Movie/XMAS & RAW             16 TV/Movie/XMAS & RAW

Commodore Service Forum+       CBMSERVICE   CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        0 C= Press Releases
        1 General=Help
        2 Service Centers
        3 PC Connection
        4 Amiga Arena
        5 [Customer Support]
        6 Soft + Hardware
        7 Other CBM Computers
        8 User Group Center
        9 ^New Members^
       11 Suggestion Box

Compaq Computer Forum+         CPQFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Laptops / Notebooks              1 Flash ROM Upgrades
        2 Portables                        2 Drivers / Utilities
        3 Desktops                         3 Software Updates
        4 Towers                           4 Software Solutions
        5 Networking                       5 Diagnostics / Setup
        6 Software                         6 Product Information
        7 Feedback / Input                 7 Press Releases
        8 Customer Service
        9 General Information
       10 Printers

CompuAdd Forum+                COMPUADD     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 CompuAdd News
        2 Announcements                    2 New Uploads
        3 Sparc/SS-2                       3 Multimedia
        4 Multimedia                       4 Systems
        5 Windows                          5 SPARC/SS-2
        6 DOS 5.x/6.x                      6 Network
        7 Network                          7 Drives
        8 Systems                          8 Peripherals
        9 Laptops/Notebooks                9 Video
       10 Drives                          10 Windows
       11 Peripherals                     11 Operating Systems
       12 Video                           12 Public Domain
                                          13 Laptops/Notebooks

CompuServe Help Forum (FREE)   HELPFORUM    CIS

       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 Help Library
        2 CompuServe Mail                  2 Reference Help
        3 Ask IQuest Support               3 What's New on CIS
        4 Reference Services
        5 News Services
        6 Financial Services
        7 CB/Conferencing
        8 Using File Finder
        9 Other Services
       10 CompuServe Magazine
       11 Pricing Plans
       12 Forum Referrals
       13 CompuServe Games
       14 Online Symbols
       15 Accessing CIS
       16 Ask Cust. Service

CompuServe Pacific Forum+      PACFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Help & Info                0 Macintosh Files
        2 NZ Chat & NZPCA                  1 DOS & General Files
        3 Australia Chat                   2 New Zealand
        4 Other Countries                  3 Australia
        5 Travel                           4 Other Countries
        6 Sport                            5 Travel
        7 Politics                         6 Sport
        8 Entertainment                    7 Politics
        9 Business                         8 Entertainment
       10 Science Fiction Con              9 Business
       11 Sydney Olympics                 10 Science Fiction Con
                                          11 Sydney Olympics

Computer Art Forum+            COMART       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Images                       1 New Images
        2 General Discussion               2 Last Month's Images
        3 Hall of Fame                     3 Hall of Fame
        4 Cars-Boats-Planes                4 Cars-Boats-Planes
        5 People & Portraits               5 People & Portraits
        6 World of Nature                  6 World of Nature
        7 Potpourri                        7 Potpourri
        8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi                 8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi
        9 Cartoons & Comics                9 Cartoons & Comics
       10 Painter Users Group             10 Painter Users Group
       11 World of 3D                     11 World of 3D
       12 Tempra Users Group              12 Tempra Users Group
       13 Artists' Colony                 13 Artists' Colony
       14 Beginners' Studio               14 Beginners' Studio
       15 Learning Graphics               15 Learning Graphics
       16 Young Artists                   16 Young Artists
       17 Graphic Novels                  17 Graphic Novels

Computer Assoc App Dev Forum+  CAIDEV       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 CA-dBFast                        2 CA-dBFast
        3 CA-Realia                        3 CA-Realia
        4 CA-Realizer                      4 CA-Realizer
        5 CA-C++                           5 CA-C++
        6 CA-CommonView                    6 CA-CommonView
        7 CA-RET                           7 CA-RET
       15 Client Server                   15 Client Server


Computer Assoc Clipper Forum+  CLIPPER      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              0 Browse Me First!
        2 CA-Clipper Prog.                 1 General Files
        3 CA-Clipper & LANs                2 CA-Clipper Prog.
        4 CA-Clipper APIs                  3 CA-Clipper & LANs
        5 Nanforum Toolkit                 4 CA-Clipper APIs
        6 CA-Clipper RDDs                  5 Nanforum Toolkit
        7 3rd Party Products               6 CA-Clipper RDDs
        9 User Groups                      7 3rd Party Products
       10 CA-Clipper Tools                 9 Nantucket News
       11 CA TechniCons                   10 CA-Clipper Tools
       12 Compiler Kit                    11 CA TechniCons
       13 Jobs, Vertical Mkt              12 Compiler Kit
       14 OOP Discussions                 13 Developers/Jobs
       15 CA-Clipper/ExoSpace             14 OOP Files
       17 Chit-Chat/Soapbox               15 CA-Clipper/ExoSpace
                                          17 Short-Term Files

Computer Assoc ClipperGermany+ CLIPGER      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 CA-Clipper                       2 CA-Clipper
        3 CA-Clipper+Netzwerk              3 CA-Clipper+Netzwerk
        4 CA-Clipper Tools II              4 CA-Clipper Tools II
        5 CA-Clipper + C                   5 CA-Clipper + C
        6 CA-Clipper+Assembl.              6 CA-Clipper+Assembl.
        7 xBase-Techniques                 7 xBase-Techniques
        8 OOP-Diskussion                   8 OOP-Diskussion
        9 Usergroups                       9 Usergroups
       10 Marketing News                  10 Marketing News
       11 Add-On-Produkte                 11 Add-On-Produkte
       13 Neue Uploads                    13 Neue Uploads
       14 Dokumentation                   14 Dokumentation
       15 Deutsche Forum Lib              15 Deutsche Forum Lib
       17 SoapBox                         17 Techn. Themen

Computer Assoc Micro Germany+  CAMICRO      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 Neue Uploads
        2 CA-SuperProject                  2 CA-SuperProject
        3 SuperCalc/Compete!               3 SuperCalc/Compete!
        4 CA-Textor                        4 CA-Textor
        5 CA-UpToDate                      5 CA-UpToDate
        6 CA-Cricket Family                6 CA-Cricket Family
        7 C++/Common View                  7 C++/Common View
        8 CA-Realizer                      8 CA-Realizer
        9 CA-dbFast                        9 CA-dbFast

Computer Assoc Prof Solutions+ CAIPRO       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 ACCPAC BPI                       2 ACCPAC BPI
        3 ACCPAC Plus                      3 ACCPAC Plus
        4 ACCPAC Simply                    4 ACCPAC Simply
        5 CA-Cricket Family                5 CA-Cricket Family
        6 CA-Netman/PC                     6 CA-Netman/PC
        7 SuperCalc/Compete                7 SuperCalc/Compete
        8 CA-SuperProject                  8 CA-SuperProject
        9 CA-Textor                        9 CA-Textor
       10 CA-UpToDate                     10 CA-UpToDate
       11 CA-Simply Money                 11 CA-Simply Money


Computer Assoc VAX/UNIX Forum+ CAIMINI      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 CA-1 VAX                         2 CA-1 VAX
        3 CA-7 VAX                         3 CA-7 VAX
        4 CA-20/20 - VAX                   4 CA-20/20 -VAX
        5 CA-20/20 - UNIX                  5 CA-20/20 - UNIX
        6 CA-Archiver VAX                  6 CA-FORCOMMENT - VAX
        7 CA-FORCOMMENT - VAX              7 CA-FORWORDS - VAX
        8 CA-FORWORDS - VAX                8 CA-Archiver VAX
        9 CA-DB for VAX                    9 CA-DB for VAX
       10 CA-DB/Gen. VAX                  10 CA-DB/GEN. VAX
       11 CA-DB for UNIX                  11 CA-DB for UNIX
       12 CA-DB/Gen. UNIX                 12 CA-DB/GEN. UNIX
       13 CA-NETMAN VAX                   13 CA-NETMAN VAX
       14 CA-PMA/CHRGEBCK VAX             14 CA-PMA/CHRGEBCK VAX
       15 CA-VISA VAX                     15 CA-VISA VAX
       16 CA-UNICENTER UNIX               16 CA-UNICENTUNIX   
       17 CA-SuperProject VAX             17 CA-SuperProject VAX

Computer Club Forum+           CLUB         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Hardware                 1 General/Hardware
        2 Sanyo                            2 Sanyo
        3 Eagle's Nest                     3 Eagle's Nest
        4 Timex/Sinclair                   4 TS 1000/1500
        5 Z88 & Actrix                     5 Z88 & Actrix
        6 QL                               6 QL
        7 Panasonic                        7 Panasonic
        8 OSI                              8 OSI
        9 ADAMania                         9 ADAMania
       10 ADAM CP/M                       10 ADAM CP/M
       11 Victor 9000                     11 Victor 9000
       12 Apricot                         12 Apricot
       13 Amstrad                         13 Amstrad
       15  Kaypro CP/M                    14 TS 2068/Spectrum
       16  Kaypro MS-DOS                  15  Kaypro CP/M
       17 Laptops/Portables               16  Kaypro MS-DOS
                                          17 Laptops/Portables

Computer Consultant's Forum+   CONSULT      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Information                1 Forum Information
        2 About ICCA                       2 About ICCA
        3 Getting Started                  3 Getting Started
        4 Business Issues                  4 Business Issues
        5 Client Issues                    5 Client Issues
        6 Political & Legal                6 Political & Legal
        7 Connectivity                     7 Connectivity
        8 Microcomputers                   8 Microcomputers
        9 Mini & Mainframes                9 Mini & Mainframe
       10 Other Technical                 10 Other Technical
       11 For What It's Worth             11 For What It's Worth
       13 Study Group                     13 Study Group
       14 Contracts & Jobs                14 Contracts & Jobs

Computer Language Forum+       CLMFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General/Reference                0 General/Reference
        1 SD Program Code                  1 SD Program Code
        2 OOP Alley                        2 OOP Alley
        3 The Study Hall                   3 The Study Hall

        4 Share/FreeWare                   4 Share/FreeWare
        5 Language Tools                   5 Language Tools
        7 R&D Publications                 7 R&D Publications
        8 Ada Forum                        8 Ada Forum
        9 WinTech                          9 WinTech
       11 ToolWorks (CASE)                11 ToolWorks (CASE)
       12 Embedded Sys. Prog.             12 Embedded Sys. Prog.
       16 PC Techniques                   16 PC Techniques
       17 EasyCASE/EasyCASE+              17 EasyCASE/EasyCASE+

Computer Shopper Forum+        COMPSHOPPER  ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Feedback/Letters                 2 General Utilities
        3 Buying Systems                   3 Buyer's Guides
        4 Buying Peripherals               4 Upgrade Update
        5 Buying Software                  5 Review Capsules
        6 Buying Networks                  6 Networking
        7 Trends & Technology              7 Shopper Utilities
        8 Reviews                          8 Tech Section
        9 The Columnists                   9 Editors' Picks
       10 User Groups                     10 User Groups
       11 Shareware                       11 Shareware
       12 Online                          12 Online
       14 Ask Dr. John                    14 Ask Dr. John
       15 Vendor Issues                   15 Vendor Issues
       16 Off the Subject                 16 Off the Subject

Computer Training Forum+       DPTRAIN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Training Techniques              2 Articles
        3 Training Technology              3 DPTRAIN COURSEWARE
        4 Computer Support                 4 New Product Reviews
        5 MIS Development                  5 Career Corner
        6 New Product Info                 6 Training Software
        7 Computer "Issues"                7 Seminar Lessons
        8 Spreadsheets                     8 DPTRAIN Thinktank
        9 Information Centers              9 COnference Files
       10 Career Corner                   10 Vendor Files
       11 CBT                             11 Newsletter Exchange
       12 Re-Tooling Project              12 Re-Tooling Project
       13 New Member Intros               14 T&S Conference
       14 ACTS & Conference               15 Interactive '94
       15 DPTRAIN Directory

Conner Forum+                  CONNER       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Library
        2 Hard Disk Drives                 2 Tape Drive Info
        3 Tape Drives                      3 Hard Disk Info
        4 Conner Backup Exec               4 Hard Disk Support
        5 MaynStream Products              5 Tape Drive Support
        6 Archive XL, VP, FT               6 Software Info
        7 EzTape Products                  7 Software Support
       10 Tape*Stor/Disk*Stor              8 Press Releases
                                          11 Tape*Stor/Disk*Stor

Consumer Electronics Forum+    CEFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 CEFORUM Information              1 CEFORUM Information
        2 Video Hardware                   2 Video Hardware
        3 Audio Hardware                   3 Audio Hardware

        4 Video Software                   4 Video Software
        5 Audio Software                   5 Audio Software
        6 TV/Cable/Radio                   6 TV/Cable/Radio
        7 Films/Theaters                   7 Films/Theaters
        8 Satellite Systems                8 Satellite Systems
        9 Telephone Products               9 Telephone Products
       10 Misc. Electronics               10 Misc. Electronics
       11 Home Automation                 11 Home Automation
       12 Community Square                12 Community Square
       13 Equipment For Sale              13 Equipment for Sale
       14 Cellular/Paging                 14 Cellular/Paging
       15 Boston Audio Soc.               15 Boston Audio Soc.
       16 P.E.G.- TV Listings             16 P.E.G.- TV Listings
       17 Camcorders                      17 Camcorders

Cooks Online Forum+            COOKS        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/System Help              1 General/System Help
        2 New Uploads                      2 New Uploads
        3 First Course                     3 First Course
        4 Herbs and Spices                 4 Herbs and Spices
        5 Desserts and Sweets              5 Desserts and Sweets
        6 Meat-Poultry-Fish                6 Meat-Poultry-Fish
        7 Ethnic Recipes                   7 Ethnic Recipes
        8 Outdoor Cooking                  8 Outdoor Cooking
        9 Breads                           9 Breads
       10 Microwave Cooking               10 Microwave Cooking
       11 Veg.-Soup-Salad                 11 Veg.-Soup-Salad
       12 Visual Recipes                  12 Visual Recipes
       13 Dining Out                      13 Dining Out
       14 Nutrition                       14 Nutrition
       15 Tools and Books                 15 Tools and Books
       16 Vegetarian                      16 Vegetarian
       17 Potpourri                       17 Potpourri

Corel Support Forum+           COREL        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 CorelDRAW! 3.0                   1 CorelDRAW! 3.0
        2 CorelDRAW! OS/2                  2 CorelDRAW! OS/2
        3 CorelSCSI!                       3 CorelSCSI!
        4 Customer Service                 4 Customer Service
        5 CorelDRAW! UNIX                  5 CorelDRAW! UNIX
        6 CorelDRAW! 4                     6 CorelDRAW! 4
        7 Corel SIG's                      7 Corel SIG's
        8 Text and Type
        9 Import / Export 
       14 Printing / Imaging
       16 Views and Opinions

Court Reporters Forum+         CRFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Arrivals & Help              1 New Arrivals & Help
        2 General Interest                 2 Reporting Interests
        3 Realtime Reporting               3 Realtime/Captioning
        4 Captioning                       4 Non-Reporting Files
        5 Writing Theories                 5 Scheduled Events
        6 Students & Schools               6 Students & Schools
        7 Scopists                         7 Scopists
        8 Utilities/Shareware              8 Utilities/Shareware
        9 NCRA & JCR                      10 Vendors & CR Firms
       10 Vendors/Classifieds             11 Lederer on Language
       11 Lederer on Language             12 Fun and Games
       12 "Poobah's Porch"


Crafts Forum+                  CRAFTS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Introductions/Help               1 Help/Resources
        2 Knitting & Crochet               2 Knitting & Crochet
        3 Spinning                         3 Spinning
        4 Weaving                          4 Weaving
        5 Stitchery & Lace                 5 Stitchery & Lace
        6 Sewing                           6 Sewing
        7 Quilting                         7 Quilting
        8 Paper & Stamping                 8 Paper & Stamping
        9 Glass/Clay/Ceramics              9 Glass/Clay/Ceramics
       11 Woodworking                     11 Woodworking
       12 All Other Crafts                12 All Other Crafts
       13 Focus: Wreaths                  13 Focus: Seasonal
       14 Unravelling Threads             14 Graphics/Portfolio
       15 Miniatures                      15 Miniatures
       16 Technical Support               16 Tech Support/Beta
       17 Trades & Business               17 Trades & Business

Crosstalk Forum+               XTALK        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Forum use questions              0 Forum Help
        1 Remote2                          1 Remote2
        2 Transporter                      2 DOS Utilities
        3 Crosstalk XVI                    3 Crosstalk XVI
        4 Crosstalk Mark 4                 4 Crosstalk Mark 4
        7 XTALK Communicator               7 XTALK Communicator
        8 Village Inn                      8 Stuff and Nonsense
       10 Crosstalk/Win 1.x               10 Crosstalk/Win 1.x
       12 Crosstalk/Win 2.x               11 Windows Utilities
       14 Crosstalk/Macintosh             12 Crosstalk/Win 2.x
                                          14 Crosstalk/Macintosh

Cyber Forum+                   CYBERFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Info/Business              1 Help Files/Tools
        2 Building Realities               2 Building Realities
        3 VR Technology                    3 VR Technology
        4 VR Workgroup                     4 VR Workgroup
        5 Developers                       5 Developers
        6 Interface Edge                   6 Interface/Computers
        7 Entertainment Edge               7 Entertainment/Games
        8 Art/Film/Video Edge              8 Art/Film/Video
        9 Music Edge                       9 Music
       10 Literary Edge                   10 Literature
       11 Events/Conferences              11 Events/Conferences
       12 New Products                    12 Press Releases/News
       13 Meet MONDO 2000                 13 MONDO 2000
       14 Community Square                14 Forum Community
       15 Computers & Society             15 Miscellaneous

DATASTORM Forum+               DATASTORM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 News/General Info                1 News/General Info
        2 Wish List                        2 DOS/Comm Utilities
        3 PROCOMM PLUS 2.x                 3 PROCOMM PLUS 2.x
        4 ProComm 2.4.x                    4 ProComm 2.4.x
        5 Network Products                 5 Network Products
        6 Other DS Products                6 Other DS Products
        7 ASPECT for DOS                   7 ASPECT for DOS
        8 PROCOMM PLUS 1.x                 8 PROCOMM PLUS 1.x
        9 PC+/Windows                      9 PC+/Windows

       10 Windows ASPECT                  10 Windows ASPECT

DBMS Magazine Forum+           DBMSFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 To the Sysops                    0 To the Editors
        1 Client/Servers                   1 Client/Server Apps.
        2 Front Ends/Tools                 2 Front Ends/Tools
        3 Database Servers                 3 Database Servers
        4 Networking                       4 Networking
        5 Host/Minicomputers               5 Host/Minicomputers
        6 OOP and OODB's                   6 OOP Topics
        7 Xbase/Dbase                      7 Xbase/Dbase
        8 Paradox                          8 Paradox
        9 Macintosh DBMS's                 9 DBMS's for the Mac
       10 DBMS Design/CASE                10 DB Design/CASE
       11 SQL Roundtable                  11 SQL Files
       12 About DBMS                      12 DBMS Listings
       13 Random Fields                   13 Featured Files
       14 Unix                            14 Shareware/Freeware
       16 Database Theory                 15 Unix

DEC PC Forum+                  DECPC        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info/Help                1 General Info/Help
        2 Communications                   2 Communications
        3 Kitchen Table                    3 New Uploads
        4 Utilities                        4 Utilities
        5 Applications                     5 Applications
        6 Graphics                         6 Graphics
        7 Robins & DECmates                7 Robins & DECmates
        8 PC Compatibility                 8 PC Compatibility
        9 Hardware                         9 Hardware
       10 Entertainment                   10 Entertainment
       11 Editors/Word Proc's             11 Editors/Word Proc's
       12 DECstation/VAXmate              12 DECstation/VAXmate
       13 News & Reviews                  13 News & Reviews
       14 Programming                     14 Programming
       15 The "Classifieds"               15 The "Archives"
       16 DECpc Software                  16 DECpc Software
       17 DECpc Hardware                  17 DECpc Hardware

DEC PC Integration Forum+      DECPCI       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 News/General Info                1 Product Info/SPDs
        2 PW for DOS                       2 Master List
        3 PW for VMS                       3 PW Tech Tips
        4 PW for Macintosh                 4 PW Clients
        5 PW for OS/2                      5 PW Servers
        6 PW for Ultrix                    6 Teamlinks/Apps
        7 NetWare Coexistence              7 DECpc pers comps
        8 Network Controllers              8 LAN Controllers
        9 Teamlinks/Apps                   9 DEC Unsupported
       10 Programming Issues              10 Member Uploads
       11 Unsupported Utils               11 WIN NT/Alpha Dev
       12 DECpc pers comps
       13 Soapbox
       14 DECwindow/eXcursion
       15 WIN NT/ALPHA DEV
       16 ACA Services

DELL Forum+                    DELL         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information

        2 Portable Systems                 2 Flash BIOS Upgrades
        3 ISA Systems                      3 Video Drivers
        4 EISA Systems                     4 System Utilities
        5 Dimension Systems                5 Miscellaneous Files
        6 Precision Systems                6 Press Releases
        7 Sales Questions                  7 Product Information
        8 Customer Service                 8 BIOS Release Notes
        9 U.K. Support                     9 TechFAX Online
       16 The Suggestion Box              10 PCs for People
       17 The Back Porch                  17 User Uploads

Data Access Corp. Forum+       DACCESS      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 DataFlex 2.3                     2 DataFlex 2.3
        3 Office Works                     3 OOP - General
        4 FlexQL/WinQL                     4 OOP-Packages,Tools
        5 DataFlex 3.0                     5 Office Works
        6 OOP Discussions                  6 FlexQL/WinQL
        7 Classify                         7 DataFlex 3.0
        8 Job Search                       8 Classify
        9 DataFlex 4 Windows               9 Job Search
       10 Third Party                     10 Third Party
       11 DataFlex Server                 11 DataFlex 4 Windows
       13 API-Based Products              13 API-Based Products
       17 DISD Public Forum

Data Based Advisor Forum+      DBADVISOR    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 News & General Info              1 News & General Info
        2 Database Products                2 Database Products
        3 Xbase Products                   3 Xbase Products
        5 Client/Server & SQL              5 Client/Server & SQL
        6 Libs, Addons, Tools              6 Libs, Addons, Tools
        7 Database OOP, C/C++              7 Database OOP, C/C++
        8 Database Applicatns              8 Database Applicatns
        9 Networks & Hardware              9 Networks & Hardware
       10 Consulting Business             10 Consulting Business
       11 CASE/DAMA                       11 CASE/DAMA
       12 Database StudyGroup             12 Database StudyGroup
       13 Data Based Advisor              13 DBA Source Code
       14 Access Advisor Mag              14 MS Access
       15 Clipper Advisor Mag             15 CA-Clipper
       16 FoxPro Advisor Mag              16 MS FoxPro
       17 None of the Above!              17 None of the Above!

DataEase International Forum+  DATAEASE     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 DataEase DQL                     1 Info Bank & News
        2 DE for DOS & OS/2                2 DE for DOS & OS/2
        3 Express for Windows              3 DE for Windows
        4 Client-Server                    4 3rd Party Add-Ons
        5 3rd Party Add-Ons                5 User Groups
        6 User Groups
        7 Open Talk

DaVinci Forum+                 DAVINCI      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Technical Support                2 Technical Info
        3 eMAIL 2.0                        3 eMAIL 2.0
        4 eMAIL 2.5                        4 eMAIL 2.5
        6 eMAIL 1.x                        6 eMAIL 1.x

        7 Names Services                   7 Names Services
        8 Assistant                        8 Assistant
        9 MacAccess                        9 MacAccess
       10 The Coordinator                 10 The Coordinator
       11 Demo Feedback                   11 Demos
       12 Ideas/ Suggestions              12 Utilities
       13 CaLANdar                        13 CaLANdar

Dear FocWizards Forums+        FOCWIZARD    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Report Preparation               1 Report Preparation
        2 File Maintenance                 2 File Maintenance
        3 Database Design                  3 Database Design
        4 User Interfaces                  4 User Interfaces
        5 Simultaneous Usage               5 Simultaneous Usage
        6 Connectivity                     6 Connectivity
        7 FOCUS Interfaces                 7 FOCUS Interfaces
        8 LEVEL5                           8 LEVEL5
        9 Weird Things Happen              9 Weird Things Happen

Delrine Technology Forum+      DELRINA      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 PerFORM PRO 
        2 PerFORM PRO                      2 PerFORM 2.1
        3 PerFORM 2.1                      3 WINFAX PRO
        4 WINFAX PRO                       4 DOSFAX PRO
        5 DOSFAX PRO                       5 Consumer Divsion
        6 Consumer Divison                 6 Delrina FormFlow
        7 Delrina FormFlow                10 Fax for Macintosh
       11 Fax for Macintosh

Democrats Forum+               DEMOCRATS    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 GENERAL                          1 WHAT'S UP?
        2 THE ECONOMY                      2 HOT OFF THE PRESSES
        3 HEALTH CARE                      3 PRESIDENTIAL RAP
        4 POLITICAL REFORM                 4 ELECTION WATCH
        5 GUNS AND CRIME                   5 DATES TO REMEMBER
        6 REINVENTING GOVT.                6 PARTY PARTY PARTY
        7 POLITICS ONLINE                  7 ISSUES AND ANSWERS
        8 EDUCATION                        8 HEALTH CARE REFORM
        9 ENVIRONMENT                      9 THE FEDERAL BUDGET
       10 CIVIL RIGHTS                    10 REINVENTING GOVT
       11 URBAN DEVELOPMENT               11 ON THE INFO HIGHWAY
       12 WHAT'S A DEMOCRAT?
       13 FOREIGN AFFAIRS
       14 WOMEN'S ISSUES

Desktop Publish. Vendor Forum+ DTPVENDOR    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General DTP Topics               1 Forum General
        2 Timeworks                        2 Timeworks
        3 QMS, Inc.                        3 QMS, Inc.
        4 FontBank                         4 FontBank
        5 Sigma Designs                    5 Sigma Designs
        6 CAI ColorAge                     6 CAI ColorAge
        7 Hyphen                           7 Hyphen
        8 XChange                         10 Vendor User Groups
        9 Scitex/SGAUA                    12 Frame Technology
       10 Vendor User Groups              13 Bitstream
       12 Frame Technology                14 EFI Support
       13 Bitstream                       15 Monotype
       14 EFI Support
       15 Monotype
       17 AISB Member Section

Desktop Publishing Forum+      DTPFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 The Corner Pub                   1 Forum Transcripts
        2 Using Macs for DTP               2 EPS Clip Art
        3 DOS & Windows DTP                3 TIFF Clip Art
        4 Automating DTP                   4 Other Clip Art
        5 Hi-Res & Srvc Bur's              5 Mac DTP Utilities
        6 Scanners & Gizmos                6 PC DTP Utilities
        7 Output Devices                   7 Samples & Templates
        8 SOS--Need Help NOW!              8 Mac Fonts
        9 Making Money w/DTP               9 PC Fonts
       10 Layout/Art/Design               10 Mac Screen Fonts
       11 Working With Words              11 PC Screen Fonts
       12 Type & Typography               12 Program Demos
       13 Printing & Prepress             13 Design & Writing
       14 Living w/ Mac & PC              14 Srvc Bureau Utils
       15 Classified Ads                  15 DTP Marketing
       16 Newsletters                     16 Magazine Articles
       17 Forum News & Views              17 News Releases

Deutsches Computer Forum+      GERNET       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Neue Mitglieder                  1 Allgemeines
        2 Politik/Wirtschaft               2 Politik/Wirtschaft
        3 Gesundheit/Soziales              3 Gesundheit/Soziales
        4 Presse & Medien                  4 Presse & Medien
        5 Telekommunikation                5 Telekommunikation
        6 Multimedia & Midi                6 Multimedia & Midi
        7 Programmieren                    7 Programmieren
        8 Computer-Corner                  8 Computer-Corner
        9 Religion & Leben                 9 ct-Listingarchiv
       10 Sprache & Kultur                10 Spiele
       11 Sport/Auto/Reisen               11 Sport/Auto/Reisen
       12 Suche & Biete                   12 DATEX-J
       13 DATEX-J                         13 GIF-Gallery
       14 Wissenschaft/Lernen             14 User-Gallery
       15 New Uploads

Diabetes Forum+                DIABETES     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 1 General Informatn
        2 Beginners' Topics                2 2 Beginners' Topics
        3 Friends & Family                 3 3 Friends & Family
        4 Hypoglycemia                     4 4 Hypoglycemia
        5 Insulin                          5 5 Insulin

        6 Oral Medications                 6 6 Oral Medications
        7 Diet & Exercise                  7 7 Diet & Exercise
        8 Complications                    8 8 Complications
        9 Paraphernalia                    9 9 Paraphernalia
       10 Hot Topics                      10 10 Hot Topics
       11 Tech & Theoretical              11 11 Tech&Theoretical
       12 Pregnancy                       12 12 Pregnancy
       13 Not Diabetes                    14 NOT DM Share/Carewr
       14 Really Truly NOT DM             15 15 DM Politics
       15 DM Politics                     16 16 Ask the Doc
       16 Ask the Doc

Digitalk Forum+                DIGITALK     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Digitalk News                    1 Digitalk News
        2 Sales/Service/Info               2 Product Info
        3 Wish List                        3 User Contributions
        4 Third Party                      4 3rd Party Info
        5 Tech Discussions                 5 Support
        6 Bug Reporting                    6 Misc.
        7 Beginning Smalltalk
        8 Support - PARTS
        9 Support - VWIN
       10 Support - VOS2
       11 Support - VMAC
       12 Support - TEAM/V
       13 Support - other
       14 Misc.

Dinosaur Forum+                DINOFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 GENERAL Paleo                    1 General
        2 MEDIA/Entertainment              2 Entertainment
        3 GRAPHICS/Artists                 3 Graphics/Artists
        4 Dinosaur SCIENCE                 4 Dinosaur Science
        5 Dino CONTROVERSY?                5 Ask the Pros
        6 News/Discoveries                 6 News/Discoveries
        7 Publications                     7 Publications
        8 Field Reports                    8 Field Reports
        9 Museum Reports                   9 Museum Reports
       10 Dinosaur HUMOR <G>              10 Dinosaur Humor
       11 "OverBurden"/OPEN

Disabilities Forum+            DISABILITIES CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Develop. Disabil.                1 Develop. Disabil.
        2 Emotional Disturb.               2 Emotional Disturb.
        3 Deaf/Hard of Hear.               3 Deaf/Hard of Hear.
        4 Learning Disabil.                4 Learning Disabil.
        5 Vision Impairments               5 Vision Impairments
        6 Mobility Impaired                6 Mobility Impaired
        7 Rights/Legislation               7 Rights/Legislation
        8 Educa./Employ.                   8 Educa./Employ.
        9 Family Life/Leisure              9 Family Life/Leisure
       10 General Interest                10 General Interest
       11 Multiple Sclerosis              11 Multiple Sclerosis

Dr. Dobbs Journal Forum+       DDJFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General/DDJ office               0 DDJ Listings
        1 C Column                         1 C Listings
        2 O/S issues                       2 Communications
        3 Prog. Paradigms                  3 Struc. Programming

        4 Rambling                         4 OS/2
        5 C++ Study Group                  5 User Contributions
        6 Forth                            6 Forth
        7 AI-Issues\Languages              7 AI Issues
        8 OOP'S                            8 Unix
        9 UNIX                             9 Macintosh
       10 Genetic Algorithyms             10 C Issue
       11 New Programmer's                11 Index to DDJ
       12 Rambling                        13 386 Protected Mode
       13 OS/2

Dr. Neuhaus Forum+             NHDFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Netzwerke                        1 Netzwerksoftware
        2 Kommunikationsprog.              2 Komm.-Software
        3 FAXY                             3 FURY Tools
        4 Modem und ISDN                   4 FAXY Tools
        5 Allgemeines                      5 Sonstiges

Dutch Personal Computer Mag+   VNUBPA       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Algemeen                         1 Algemeen
        2 Hardware                         2 Redactie PCM
        3 Software                         3 PCM Praktijk
        4 Redactie PCM                     4 Demo's
        5 PCM Praktijk                     5 Shareware
                                           6 Pret en plezier

EETnet Engineering Forum+      ENGINEERING  EET
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Help & News                1 Utilities
        2 Power                            2 Memorable Threads
        3 RF                               3 General Information
        4 Software Tools                   4 EE Tools & Software
        5 ASIC & Gate Array                5 Digital,Logic & DSP
        6 Micros and Systems               6 Micros,System,Nets
        7 Telecom                          7 General Software
        8 DSP                              8 Emerging Technology
        9 Analog Circuits                  9 Analog,RF,Sig.Proc.
       10 Other Circuits                  11 The Back Page
       11 The Water Fountain              12 People Networks
       12 People Network/Jobs
       13 Looking for...
       14 Guest/Altera VP

EICON Technology Forum+        EICON        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 PR/Announcements                 1 PR/Announcements
        2 Emulations                       2 Emulations
        3 Gateways                         3 Gateways
        4 Routers                          4 Routers
        5 Toolkits                         5 Toolkits
        7 Around the World                 7 Around the World
                                           8 Miscellaneous
                                           9 Software Prod. Dir.
                                          11 Specials
                                          12 International
                                          14 WAN Services

ELSA GmbH Forum+               ELSA         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 ELSA allgemein                   1 ELSA allgemein
        2 MicroLink ISDN                   2 MicroLink ISDN

        3 MicroLink Modems                 3 MicroLink Modems
        4 Software Modems                  4 Software Modems
        5 WINNER 1000/2000                 5 WINNER 1000/2000
        6 WINNER 1024/1280                 6 WINNER 1024/1280
        7 GEMINI                           7 GEMINI
        8 XHR Alpha/Spectra                8 XHR Alpha/Spectra
        9 ELSAware Grafik                  9 ELSAware Grafik
       10 Monitore

Earth Forum+                   EARTH        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          0 Earth Graphics/GIFs
        2 Air/Climate                      1 General
        3 Water                            2 Air and Climate
        4 Lands & Forests                  3 Water
        5 Wetlands                         4 Lands & Forests
        6 Recycle                          5 Wetlands
        7 Wildlife                         6 Recycle
        8 Energy                           7 Wildlife
        9 Population                       8 Energy
       10 Professional Corner              9 Population
       11 Wastes/Toxics                   10 Professional Corner
       12 Eco-philosophy                  11 Wastes/Toxics
       13 CIS/Computers                   12 Eco-philosophy
       14 Green Business                  13 CIS\Computers
       15 EcoNet/EWire                    14 Green Business
       16 Animal Rights                   15 EcoNet/EWire
       17 Am. Fisheries Soc.              16 Greenpeace/AR
                                          17 Am. Fisheries Soc.

Education Forum+               EDFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Intros/News              1 New Uploads/Help
        2 Ed Shareware Coop                2 Software To Go
        3 Edtech/Multimedia                3 Edtech/Multimedia
        4 Sp Ed/Gifted/LD/ADD              4 Sp Ed/Gifted/LD/ADD
        5 ACCESS ERIC                      5 ACCESS ERIC
        6 Child Dev/Parenting              6 Child Dev/Parenting
        7 Library Media Ctrs               7 Library Media Ctrs
        8 Reforms/Future Talk              8 Reforms/Future Talk
        9 ISTE Course                      9 ISTE Course
       10 Reading/Math K-6                10 Reading/Math K-6
       11 SchoolNET/Online Ed             11 SchoolNET/Online Ed
       12 Teacher to Teacher              12 Teacher to Teacher
       13 Behavior Analysis               13 Behavior Analysis
       14 English/SocSci/ARTS             14 English/SocSci/ARTS
       15 Guidance & Testing              15 Guidance & Testing
       16 Home/Alternative Ed             16 Home/Alternative Ed
       17 Higher Education                17 Higher Education

Educational Research Forum+    EDRESEARCH   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Miscellaneous/HELP               0 Miscellaneous/HELP
        1 A-Admin/Ed finance               1 A-Admin/Ed finance
        2 B-Curric. Studies                2 B-Curric. Studies
        3 C-Learning/Instruc               3 C-Learning/Instruc
        4 D-Measure/Methods                4 D-Measure/Methods
        5 E-Couns/Development              5 E-Couns/Development
        6 F-History                        6 F-History
        7 G-Social                         7 G-Social
        8 H-School Eval/Dev.               8 H-School Eval/Dev.
        9 I-Ed.in Professions              9 I-Ed.in Professions
       10 J-Postsec./Distance             10 J-Postsec./Distance

       11 K-Teacher Education             11 K-Teacher Education
       12 Virtual Reality                 12 Virtual Reality
       13 Govt. liaison                   13 Govt. Liaison
       14 Employment Ads                  14 Employment Ads
       15 Early Childhood                 15 Early Childhood
       16 Special Education               16 Special Education

Electronic Frontier Forum+     EFFSIG       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 EFFector@CIS News                1 General Information
        2 Online                           2 Now Online @ EFF
        3 The Matrix                       3 The Frontier Files
        4 Cyberlaw                         4 Cyberlaw
        5 NetTech                          5 Zines from the Net
        6 Networlds                        6 Beginning Internet
        7 Software                         7 Internet News
        8 Hardware                         8 Maps & Guides
        9 Wetware                          9 Magazine Info
       10 FutureNets                      10 Reserved
       11 Cyberspace Contest              11 Advanced Internet
       12 TechnoRisks                     12 Life in Cyberspace
       13 Media Watch                     13 The Matrix Papers
       14 Maps & Guides                   14 Archives of the EFF
       15 Homesteading                    15 Comm. Tools & Info
       16 Beginner's Mind
       17 Pointers

Engineering Automation Forum+  LEAP         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Manufacturing                    2 Manufacturing
        3 Management                       3 Management
        4 Education                        4 Education
        5 CADD/CAM/CAE                     5 CADD/CAM, 3rd Party
        6 Connectivity                     6 Productivity Progs
        7 Advanced Technology              7 Utility Programs
        8 Computer Hardware                8 Hardware/Drivers
        9 Classifieds                      9 Classifieds/Jobs
       10 Construction                    10 Construction
       11 Architecture                    11 Architecture
       12 CSI                             12 CSI
       13 Mindless Drivel                 13 Mindless Drivel

Epson Forum+                   EPSON        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1  General-Uploads                 1  New Uploads
        2  QX-10/16 MS-DOS                 2  QX-10/16 MS-DOS
        3  QX-10/16 Valdocs                3  QX-10/16 Valdocs
        4  QX-10/16 CP/M                   4  QX-10/16 CP/M
        5  Matrix Printers                 5  Matrix Printers
        6  Other Printers                  6  Other Printers
        7  Equity Computers                7  Equity Files
        8  PX-8 Geneva                     8  PX-8 Geneva
        9  HX-20/40                        9  HX-20/40
       10  Telecommunication              10  Telecommunication
       11  Programmer's Inn               11  Programmer's Inn
       12  Town Square                    12  Town Square
       13  Forum Help                     13  Forum Help Files
       14  BBS Systems                    14  BBS Systems
       15  Other Voices

European Comm. Telework Forum+ ECTF         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:

        1 ECTF-GENERAL                     1 ECTF-GENERAL
        2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT                2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT
        3 TELEWORK & BUSINESS              3 TELEWORK & BUSINESS
        4 TELEWORK & TRAFFIC               4 TELEWORK/TRAFFIC
        5 TELEWORK & PEOPLE                5 TELEWORK & PEOPLE
        6 TELEWORK TECHNOLOGY              6 TELEWORK TECHNOLOGY
        7 REGULATORY/LEGAL                 7 LEGAL/REGULATORY
        8 RACE-GENERAL                     8 RACE NEWS
        9 IBC FORUM                        9 IBC FORUM
       10 MOBILE COMMS                    10 MOBILE COMMS
       11 IMAGE COMMS                     11 IMAGE COMMS
       12 INFO SECURITY                   12 INFO SECURITY
       13 ADVANCED EXPTS                  13 ADVANCED EXPTS.
       14 INTERWORKING                    14 INTERWORKING
       15 IN                              15 IN
       16 INTEGRATED SERVICES             16 INTEGRATED SERVICES

European Forum+                EURFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Technical Questions              2 Utilities
        3 European Questions               3 American Software
        4 European Software                4 European Software
        5 Communications                   5 Communications
        6 Italian Section                  6 Italian matters
        7 Forum Help                       7 Help Files
        8 A propos de ...                  8 Classifieds
        9 Entertainment                    9 Entertainment
       10 French Section                  10 French matters
       11 Spanish Section                 11 Spanish matters
       12 Nordic Section                  12 Nordic Library
       13 Opportunities                   13 Opportunities
       15 Xbase Europe                    15 Xbase Europe

Executives Online Forum+       EXECUTIVES   ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Files
        2 The News Desk                    2 The News Desk
        3 Windows NT                       3 Windows NT Files
        4 Quattro Pro 5.0                  4 Quattro Pro Files
        5 Designer 4.0                     5 Designer 4.0 Files
        6 Guest Area                       6 Guest Files
        7 Guest Area                       7 Guest Files
        8 Adobe Acrobat Execs              8 Adobe Acrobat Files
        9 Best DOS Utilities               9 Best Utility Files
       10 Arabesque's ECCO                10 ECCO Files
       11 Women Online                    11 Women Online Files
       12 Leach/PackRat 5.0               12 PackRat 5.0 Files
       13 "Breaking Windows"              13 "Breaking" Files
       14 Fred Davis/OverView             14 OverView Files
       15 Demos Showcase Q&A              15 Demos Showcase
       16 The Water Cooler                16 Guest Archives
       17 Guest Area                      17 Guest Files

Federation Intl Distributions+ FEDERATION   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 "Stuff..."                       1 "Stuff..."
        2 Hot Topics                       2 Hot Topics
        3 Upcoming Events                  3 Upcoming Events
        4 Int'l Issues                     4 Int'l Issues
        5 Publications                     5 Publications
        6 Job Bank                         6 Job Bank
        7 Country Info                     7 Country Info

        8 Fed Membership                   8 Fed Membership
        9 IMC Membership                   9 IMC Membership
       10 Q & A                           10 Q & A

Fifth Generation Forum+        FIFTHGEN     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 FastBack DOS & WIN               2 FastBack DOS & WIN
        3 FastBack NET & UNIX              3 FastBack NET & UNIX
        4 REMOTE CONTROL PC                4 REMOTE CONTROL PC
        5 Direct Access PC                 5 Direct Access PC
        6 DATA SECURITY PC                 6 DATA SECURITY PC
        7 VIRUS PREVENTION PC              7 VIRUS PREVENTION PC
        9 Other PC products                9 Other PC products
       10 FastBack Mac                    10 FastBack Mac
       11 DATA SECURITY MAC               11 DATA SECURITY Mac
       12 Suitcase Mac                    12 Suitcase Mac
       13 SPOOLER Mac                     13 SPOOLER Mac
       14 DOUBLER Mac                     14 DOUBLER Mac
       15 Other Mac products              15 Other Mac products
       16 Back Room                       16 Back Room PC
                                          17 Back Room Mac

Fine Art Forum+                FINEART      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Galleries/Events                 1 New Images
        2 General Discussion               2 Last Month's Images
        3 Classifieds                      4 Old Masters
        4 Old Masters                      5 Gunni Nilsson Price
        5 Gunni Nilsson Price              6 Jess Hager
        6 Jess Hager                       7 Jean Ravinski
        7 Jean Ravinski                    8 Carl Lundgren
        8 Carl Lundgren                    9 Charlotte Whitney
        9 Charlotte Whitney               10 David O. Stillings
       10 David O. Stillings              11 Mitchell Kolbe
       11 Mitchell Kolbe                  12 Roberta Laidman
       12 Roberta Laidman                 13 Barb/John Stewart
       13 Barb/John Stewart

Fishnet - ADC Forum+           AQUADATA     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 ADC/FPE Info Center              1 FPE Volumes/Suppls
        2 CMDB/ACN - General               2 CMDB/ACN Library
        6 CS-Aquarium Pharm.               3 CODEX Fish Chemical
        7 CS-SeaClear/Biologc              4 Fish Drug Index
        8 CS-Wardley                       5 Books/Mags/Reviews
        9 CS-Pet Warehouse                 6 Organizations Dir.
       10 CS-Kent Marine                   7 Gov't Publications
       12 CS-Marineland                    8 Monographs/Fishes
       13 CS-Mardel Labs                   9 Monographs/Inverts
       14 CS-ACP/Packard                  10 Monographs/Plants
       15 CS-O.S.I. Marine                11 Pictures/(All)
       16 CS-Kordon                       12 Cust. Sup. Library
       17 CS-Ultramarine                  13 Online/Drum&Croaker
                                          14 Online/TA & TAQ
                                          15 Online/Aq. Fish Mag
                                          16 Online/JAAS
                                          17 Online/Aardvark

Flight Simulator Forum+        FSFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 FS/General Aviation              2 FS/General Aviation

        3 Air Transport                    3 Air Transport
        4 Air Traffic Control              4 Air Traffic Control
        5 Aircraft/Adventures              5 Aircraft/Adventures
        6 Scenery Design                   6 Scenery Design
        7 Historic Air Combat              7 Historic Air Combat
        8 Modern Air Combat                8 Modern Air Combat
        9 Space Combat                     9 Space Combat
       10 Other Flight Sims               10 Other Flight Sims
       11 Flight Instruction              11 Flight Instruction
       13 Hardware                        13 Hardware
       14 Fly-Ins & Rallies               14 Fly-Ins & Rallies
       15 MicroWINGS                      15 MicroWINGS
       16 Hangar Talk                     16 Hangar Talk

Florida Forum+                 FLORIDA      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Help & General                   1 Help & General
        2 Northeast                        2 Northeast
        3 Northwest                        3 Northwest
        4 East Central                     4 East Central
        5 Orlando Central                  5 Orlando Central
        6 West Central                     6 West Central
        7 Southeast                        7 Southeast
        8 Ft. Lauderdale                   8 Ft. Lauderdale
        9 Tampa/St Pete                    9 Tampa/St Pete
       10 Soutwest                        10 Southwest
       11 Native Chatter                  11 Native Chatter
       12 Florida Ramblings               12 Florida Ramblings
       13 Disneymania                     13 DisneyMania
       14 Graphics Gallery                14 Graphics Gallery
       15 Collector's Corner              15 Collectors Corner
       16 Recreation                      16 Recreation
       17 Handicap Traveling              17 Handicap Traveling

Florida Today Forum+           FLATODAY     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Space                            1 Space
        2 Leisure and Tourism              2 Leisure and Tourism
        3 Money/Real Estate                3 Money/Real Estate
        4 Florida Sports                   4 Florida Sports
        5 Florida Gardening                5 Florida Gardening
        6 Environment                      6 Environment
        7 Florida Outdoors                 7 Florida Outdoors
        8 Weather                          8 Weather
        9 Seniors/Snowbirds                9 Seniors/Snowbirds
       10 Family Life                     10 Family Life
       11 Health and Fitness              11 Health and Fitness
       12 Florida Politics                12 Florida Politics
       13 Florida Education               13 Florida Education
       14 Feedback                        14 Feedback 
       15 Front Page Lounge               15 Front Page Lounge

FocServices Forum+             FOCSERVICES  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Northeast Region                 1 Northeast Region
        2 Southeast Region                 2 Southeast Region
        3 Southwest Region                 3 Southwest Region
        4 Midwest   Region                 4 Midwest   Region
        5 Western   Region                 5 Western   Region
        6 Canada                           6 Canada
        7 Education & TopGun               7 Education & TopGun
        8 System Journal                   8 System Journal
        9 FOCUS Flash                      9 FOCUS Flash

       10 International                   10 International
       11 Documentation                   11 Documentation
       12 General Q&A                     12 Announcements

Focus User's Group+            FUSE         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Topics                     1 Forum/FUSE Info
        2 TABLE Discussions                2 TABLE Library
        3 MODIFY Discussions               3 MODIFY Library
        4 General FOCUS                    4 General FOCUS Lib
        5 Oper Sys/Interfaces              5 Oper Sys/Interfaces
        6 New Releases                     6 New Releases
        7 Special Int Groups               7 Special Int Groups
        8 TCC/Enhancements                 8 TCC/Enhancements
        9 FUSEviews                        9 FUSEviews
       10 Out of Focus                    10 Out of Focus
       11 PC/FOCUS                        11 PC/FOCUS Lib
       12 Hot Topic                       12 Job Postings
       13 EDA                             13 EDA
       14 PC/FOCUS for Win3x              15 LEVEL5
       15 LEVEL5

Foreign Lang. Education Forum+ FLEFO        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Potpourri/Polyglot               0 Potpourri/Polyglot
        1 Spanish/Portuguese               1 Spanish/Portuguese
        2 French                           2 French
        3 German/Germanic                  3 German/Germanic
        4 Latin/Greek                      4 Latin/Greek
        5 Slavic/E. European               5 Slavic/E. European
        6 English                          6 English
        7 East Asian                       7 East Asian
        8 Esperanto                        8 Esperanto
        9 Others                           9 Others
       10 FL Education                    10 FL Education
       11 Translators                     11 Translators
       12 Computers/Languages             12 Computers/Languages
       13 The Directory                   13 Directory
       14 Jobs/Careers                    14 Jobs/Careers
       16 Using the Forum                 15 Temp. Out of Use
                                          16 Using the Forum

Forth Forum/Creative Solution+ FORTH        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General/Grapevine                0 General/Grapevine
        1 General Forth                    1 General Forth
        2 Special Topics                   2 Special Topics
        3 Amiga Multi-Forth                3 Amiga Multi-Forth
        4 Atari ST Multi-4th               4 Atari ST Multi-4th
        5 MacForth Lev 1,2,3               5 MacForth Lev 1,2,3
        6 Program Up/Download              6 Program Up/Download
        7 MF Users' Group                  7 MF Users' Group
        8 MacForth Plus                    8 MacForth Plus
        9 Bug Reports/Fixes                9 Bug Reports/Fixes
       10 MacForth Tools                  10 MacForth Tools
       11 CSI Hardware                    11 CSI Hardware
       12 New Horizons                    12 New Horizons

Fox Software Forum+            FOXFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Getting Started                  1 MS Info/Indexes
        2 Config/Install                   2 FP Cross-Platform
        3 Convert/Cross-Plat               3 FP Win-Platform

        4 Commands/Functions               4 FP Win-API/FLLs
        5 Screens/Menus                    5 FP DOS-Platform
        6 Win/Reports/Print                6 FP DOS API/PLBs
        7 DOS/Reports/Print                7 FoxBASE+/Mac
        8 Queries/SQL/BROWSE               8 Mac Externals/XCMDs
        9 OLE/DDE                          9 FoxBASE+
       10 DLL/PLB/APIs                    10 3rd Party Products
       11 Projects/Dist Kit               11 Private
       12 Networking/ODBC                 13 Miscellaneous 
       13 FoxBASE+MacFoxBASE+             14 International
       14 NonTech Cust Ser                15 FoxPro DEV Updates
       15 3rd Party Products              16 FoxPro DK Updates
       16 Consultant's Corner
       17 Fox Chatter

Game Publishers A Forum+       GAMAPUB      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 Electronic Arts                  2 Electronic Arts
        3 SSI                              3 SSI
        7 LucasArts                        7 LucasArts
        8 Accolade                         8 Accolade
        9 subLOGIC                         9 subLOGIC
       10 Bethesda Softworks              10 Bethesda Softworks
       11 Sierra On-Line                  11 Sierra On-Line
       12 Origin                          12 Origin
       14 Merit Software                  14 Merit Software
       15 Three-Sixty Pacific             15 Three-Sixty Pacific
       16 Other Publishers                16 Other Publishers

Game Publishers B Forum+       GAMBPUB      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 MicroProse                       2 MicroProse
        3 Spectrum HoloByte                3 Spectrum HoloByte
        4 Interplay                        4 Interplay
        5 MacPlay                          5 MacPlay
        6 Disney/Buena Vista               6 Disney/Buena Vista
        7 Impressions                      7 Impressions
        8 Maxis                            8 Maxis
        9 Konami/Ultra                     9 Konami/Ultra
       10 Westwood Studios                10 Westwood Studios
       11 Sir-Tech Software               11 Sir-Tech Software
       12 GameTek                         12 GameTek
       13 Activision                      13 Activision
       14 Access Software                 14 Access Software
       16 Mallard Software                16 Mallard Software

Gamers Forum+                  GAMERS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 Adventure Games                  2 Adventure Games
        3 War/Strategy Games               3 War/Strategy Games
        6 Multimedia                       6 Multimedia
        7 Action/Arcade Games              7 Action/Arcade Games
        8 Cartridge Games                  8 Cartridge Games
        9 Computer RPGs                    9 Computer RPGs
       10 Trading Post                    10 Trading Post
       11 Game Design                     11 Game Design
       12 HOT/Return to Zork              12 HOT/Return to Zork
       13 Other Games                     13 Other Games
       14 Gaming Hardware                 14 Gaming Hardware
       15 TEG Magazine                    15 TEG Magazine
       16 Other Magazines                 16 Other Magazines

Gateway 2000 Forum+            GATEWAY      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Product Information              1 General Information
        2 Customer Service                 2 Price & Configs
        3 Software                         3 Misc. Files
        4 Telecommunications               4 Telecommunications
        5 Monitors & Video                 5 Monitors & Video
        6 EISA                             6 EISA
        7 Local Bus                        7 Local Bus
        8 Networking                       8 Networking
        9 Multimedia                       9 Multimedia
       10 Storage Devices                 10 GW2K Announcements
       11 General Hardware                11 Hardware 
       12 Portables                       12 Portables
       13 The Pasture                     13 Fun Files

Gardening Forum+               GARDENING    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum News/Help!                 1 New Uploads/Help!
        2 Vegetable Gardening              2 Vegetable Gardening
        3 Flowers/Roses/Bulbs              3 Flowers/Roses/Bulbs
        4 Herbs/Recipes                    4 Herbs/Recipes
        5 Fruits/Berries/Nuts              5 Fruits/Berries/Nuts
        6 Ponds/Hydroponics                6 Ponds/Hydroponics
        7 Lndscp/Trees/Bonsai              7 Lndscp/Trees/Bonsai
        8 NGA Youth Project                8 NGA Youth Project
        9 Nature/Ethics/Bees               9 Nature/Ethics/Bees
       10 Pests/Diseases                  10 Pests/Diseases
       11 Tools/Books/Softwre             11 Tools/Books/Softwre
       12 Houseplants/Orchids             12 Houseplants/Orchids
       13 Seed and Photo Swap             13 Seed and Photo Swap
       14 Garden Diary/Survey             14 Garden Diary/Survey
       15 Lawns/Groundcovers              15 Lawns/Groundcover
       16 Compost/Soil/Fertlz             16 Compost/Soil/Fertlz
       17 Over the GardenGate             17 Over the GardenGate

Genealogy Forum+               ROOTS        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 U.S. Ancestry                    2 New Uploads
        3 Canadian Ancestry                3 MS-DOS Software
        4 Overseas Ancestry                4 Apple Software
        5 Irish/Celtic Herit.              5 Other Software
        6 Societies/Libraries              6 Text Files
        7 Tips & Techniques                7 Surnames & Tafels
        8 Software/Computers               8 Societies & Org's.

        9 Ask the SYSOPs                   9 U.S. Gov't Archives
       10 History/Heraldry                10 Other Archives
       11 The Skeleton Closet             11 Library Exchange
       12 Adoption Searches               12 Book Reviews
       13 Hot Topic: TMG                  13 Graphics Files

General Computing Forum+       GENCOM       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 SW Entrepreneurs'                1 SW Entrepreneurs'
        2 ICCP                             2 ICCP
        3 Cust Support Pro's               3 Cust Support Pro's
        4 Logic Works                      4 Logic Works
        5 IYM Software Review              5 IYM Software Review
        6 NCSA                             6 NCSA

Global Crisis Forum+           CRISIS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Questions                1 General Information
        2 xUSSR: Political                 2 xUSSR: Political
        3 xUSSR: Business                  3 xUSSR: Business
        4 xUSSR: Communicate               4 xUSSR: Communicate
        5 The Balkans                      5 The Balkans
        6 Baltic Republics                 6 Baltic Republics
        7 The Old East Bloc                7 The Old East Bloc
        8 The Middle East                  8 The Middle East
        9 Worldwide Business               9 Worldwide Business
       10 Friends & Family                10 Friends & Family
       11 HOTSPOT: Bosnia                 11 HOTSPOT: Bosnia
       12 HOTSPOT: Somalia                12 HOTSPOT: Somalia
       13 HOTSPOT: Iraq                   13 HOTSPOT: Iraq
       14 HOTSPOT: USA                    14 Hotspot: USA
       15 Rick's Place                    15 Rick's Place
       16 The War Room                    16 The War Room

Graphics Corner Forum+         CORNER       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Images                       1 New Images
        2 General Discussion               2 Last Month's Images
        3 Hall of Fame                     3 Hall of Fame
        4 Cars-Boats-Planes                4 Cars-Boats-Planes
        5 People & Portraits               5 People & Portraits
        6 Animal Kingdom                   6 Animal Kingdom
        7 World of Nature                  7 World of Nature
        8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi                 8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi
        9 Potpourri                        9 Potpourri
       10 Space & Astronomy               10 Space & Astronomy
       11 Landmarks                       11 Landmarks
       12 Logos-Promos-Maps               12 Logos-Promos-Maps
       13 R. Stevens Models               13 R. Stevens Models
       14 Body Beautiful                  14 Body Beautiful
       15 Plain Brown Wrapper             15 Plain Brown Wrapper
       16 Donatelli Models                16 Donatelli Models
       17 Classic Models                  17 Classic Models

Graphics Developers Forum+     GRAPHDEV     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 New Images
        2 General Discussion               2 Last Month's Images
        3 Hall of Fame                     3 Hall of Fame
        4 Fractal Sources                  4 Fractal Sources
        5 Fractal Images                   5 Fractal Images
        6 Raytrace Sources                 6 Raytrace Sources
        7 Raytrace Images                  7 Raytrace Images

        8 POV Sources                      8 POV Sources
        9 POV Images                       9 POV Images
       10 RDS/Holusions                   10 RDS/Holusions
       11 Vivid raytracing                11 Vivid raytracing
       12 Animation                       12 Animation
       13 Morphing                        13 Morphing
       14 Raytrace Animation              14 Raytrace Animation

Graphics Gallery Forum+        GALLERY      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Images                       1 New Images
        2 General Discussion               2 SI: Previews
        3 SI: Smithsonian Art              3 SI: Smithsonian Art
        4 SI: Air/Space                    4 SI: Air/Space
        5 SI: Tech/History                 5 SI: Tech/History
        6 SI: Science/Nature               6 SI: Science/Nature
        7 SI: People/Places                7 SI: People/Places
        8 NASA: Man in Space               8 NASA: Man in Space
        9 NASA: The Planets                9 NASA: The Planets
       10 National Forests                10 National Forests
       11 America! North                  11 America! North
       12 America! South                  12 America! South
       13 America! East                   13 America! East
       14 America! West                   14 America! West
       15 Mount Saint Helens              15 Mount Saint Helens
       16 NAL Collections                 16 NAL Collections
       17 Wisconsin Hist Soc              17 Wisconsin Hist Soc

Graphics Plus Forum+           GRAPHPLUS    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Images                       1 New Images
        2 General Discussion               2 Last Month's Images
        3 Hall of Fame                     3 Hall of Fame
        4 Cars-Boats-Planes                4 Cars-Boats-Planes
        5 People & Portraits               5 People & Portraits
        6 Animal Kingdom                   6 Animal Kingdom
        7 World of Nature                  7 World of Nature
        8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi                 8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi
        9 Cartoons & Comics                9 Cartoons & Comics
       10 Space & Astronomy               10 Space & Astronomy
       11 Landmarks                       11 Landmarks
       12 Logos-Promos-Maps               12 Logos-Promos-Maps
       13 Potpourri                       13 Potpourri
       14 Body Beautiful                  14 Body Beautiful
       15 Plain Brown Wrapper             15 Plain Brown Wrapper
       16 Fractals/Raytracing             16 Fractals/Raytracing

Graphics Support Forum+        GRAPHSUPPORT CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 'Go Graphics' Help               1 'Go Graphics' Help
        2 Online Viewing                   2 Online Viewing
        3 GIF Viewers                      3 GIF Viewers
        4 Format Conversion                4 Format Conversion
        5 Paint/Draw Programs              5 Paint/Draw Programs
        6 Digitizing Hardware              6 Digitizing Hardware
        7 Video Adapters                   7 Video Adapters
        8 Printing Graphics                8 Printing Graphics
        9 Commercial Demos                 9 Commercial Demos
       10 GIF Tools                       10 GIF Tools
       11 GRASP Demos                     11 GRASP Demos
       12 Graphics Demos                  12 Graphics Demos
       13 Developers' Den                 13 Developers' Den
       14 Misc. Util & Code               14 Misc. Util & Code

       15 Non-GIF Software                15 Non-GIF Software
       16 Standards and Specs             16 Standards and Specs
       17 Copyright & More!               17 Copyright & More!

Graphics Vendor Forum+         GRAPHVEN     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Graphic Vendors              1 New Graphic Vendors
        2 Tempra                           2 Tempra
        3 Grasp                            3 Grasp
        4 STB                              4 STB
        5 Jovian                           5 Jovian
        6 Genus                            6 Genus
        7 RIX Softworks                    7 RIX Softworks
        8 Digital Vision                   8 Digital Vision
        9 Global Softworks                 9 Global Softworks
       10 Big_D                           10 Big_D
       11 Pacific Motion                  11 Pacific Motion
       12 Metagraphics                    12 Metagraphics
       13 Image-In                        13 Image-In
       14 Inset Systems                   14 Inset Systems
       15 VRLI Inc.                       15 VRLI Inc.
       16 TEGL                            16 TEGL
       17 ATI Technologies                17 ATI Technologies

Graphics Vendor B Forum+       GRAPHBVEN    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Information                1 Forum Information
        2 Tseng Labs                       2 Tseng Labs
        3 Diamond Comp Sys                 3 Diamond Comp Sys
        4 Animated Software                4 Animated Software
        5 StereoGraphics                   5 StereoGraphics
        6 Sun Country Sftwre               6 Sun Country Sftwre
        7 LEAD Technologies                7 LEAD Technologies
        8 Hercules                         8 Hercules
        9 Genoa Systems                    9 Genoa Systems
       10 CrystalGraphics                 10 CrystalGraphics
       11 Volante                         11 Volante
       13 DesignWare, Inc.                13 DesignWare, Inc.
       15 Solana Software                 15 Solana Software

Gupta Forum+                   GUPTAFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 SQLBase                          2 SQLBase
        3 Connectivity/SQLNet              3 Connectivity/SQLNet
        4 SQLWindows/Quest                 4 SQLWindows/Quest
        5 TBD                              5 TBD
        6 Product Marketing                6 Product Marketing
        8 Tech Services Info               8 Tech Services Info
        9 New Forum User                   9 New Forum User
                                          10 Local Language Docs

HP Handheld Forum+             HPHAND       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 1x/2x/3x calcs                   2 1x/2x/3x calcs
        3 4x/6x/7x/9x calcs                3 4x/6x/7x/9x calcs
        4 95LX New Users                   4 95LX New Users
        5 95LX Datacomm                    5 95LX Datacomm
        6 95LX Hardware                    6 95LX Hardware
        7 95LX General                     7 95LX General
        8 100LX New Users                  8 100LX New Users
        9 100LX Datacomm                   9 100LX Datacomm

       10 100LX Hardware                  10 100LX Hardware
       11 100LX General                   11 100LX General
       14 HPHAND Vendors                  14 HPHAND Vendors
       15 Palmtop programmers             15 Palmtop Programmers

HP OmniBook Forum+             HPOMNIBOOK   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 New Users                        2 New Users
        3 Hardware                         3 Hardware
        4 DOS: General                     4 DOS: General
        5 DOS: Datacomm                    5 DOS: Datacomm
        6 DOS: Pers Info Mgrs              6 DOS: Pers Inf Mgrs
        7 Win: General                     7 Win: General
        8 Win: Datacomm                    8 Win: Datacomm
        9 Win: Pers Info Mgrs              9 Win: Pers Inf Mgrs
       10 Win: Word                       10 Win: Word
       11 Win: Excel                      11 Win: Excel
       14 HPOMNI Vendors                  14 HPOMNI Vendors
       15 Programmers                     15 Programmers

HP Peripherials Forum+         HPPER        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 LaserJet & LJ II                 2 LaserJet & LJ II
        3 LaserJet III                     3 LaserJet III
        4 LaserJet 4                       4 LaserJet 4
        5 DeskJet                          5 DeskJet
        6 PaintJet                         6 PaintJet
        7 ScanJet                          7 ScanJet
        8 FAX products                     8 FAX products
        9 HPs for Apples                   9 HPs for Apples
       10 Other peripherals               10 Other peripherals
       11 HPPER Vendors                   11 HPPER Vendors
       12 Networked printers              12 Networked printers
       15 TWAIN                           15 TWAIN

HP Systems Forum+              HPSYS        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General/Uploads
        2 HP Mass Storage                  2 HP Mass Storage
        3 Vectra                           3 Vectra
        4 NetServer PCs                    4 NetServer PCs
        5 Windows Clients                  5 Windows Clients
        6 Analytical                       6 Analytical
        7 EtherTwist                       7 EtherTwist
        8 OpenView                         8 OpenView
        9 Test & Measurement               9 Test & Measurement
       10 NewWave                         10 NewWave
       11 Dashboard/misc apps             11 Dashboard/misc apps
       12 MPE systems                     12 MPE systems
       13 HP-UX systems                   13 HP-UX systems
       14 Other HP computers              14 Other HP computers

HamNet <Ham Radio> Forum+      HAMNET       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 HamNet Roundtable                0 News & Help Files
        1 Your Ham License                 1 Your Ham License
        2 VHF/UHF Scanning                 2 Scanning Library
        3 Shortwave Listening              3 SWL Library
        4 Utility DX'ing                   4 Utility DX'ing
        5 Amateur Satellites               5 Amateur Satellites
        6 Software Topics                  6 Software & Pictures

        7 CW / Morse Code                  7 CW / Morse Code
        8 Equipment/Antennas               8 Equipment/Antennas
        9 Packet Radio                     9 Packet Radio Lib.
       10 Swap Shop                       10 Swap Shop
       11 FCC & Regulatory                11 FCC & Regulatory
       12 Vendor Support                  12 Vendor Support
       13 AEA Support                     13 AEA Support
       14 ICOM Support                    14 ICOM Support
       16 *HOT* Topics!                   16 *HOT* Topics!

Hayes Forum+                   HAYFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 ULTRA/OPTIMA                     2 Product Information
        3 9600/2400 V-series               3 High Speed Modems
        4 Smartmodems                      4 Smartmodems
        5 Smartcom (Windows)               5 Smartcom (Windows)
        6 Fax Products                     6 Fax Products
        7 Hayes for the Mac                7 Hayes for the Mac
        8 Smartcom (DOS)                   8 Smartcom (DOS)
        9 International                    9 Hayes ESP/ESI
       10 Hayes ISDN                      10 Hayes for LANs
       11 Hayes for LANs                  11 Hayes for ISDN
       12 Hayes ESP/ESI                   12 Competitive Edge
                                          13 International
                                          14 News Bulletins

Health & Fitness Forum+        GOODHEALTH   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Discussion               1 HELP/New Uploads
        2 Addiction/Recovery               2 Addiction/Recovery
        3 Mental Health                    3 Mental Health
        4 Family Health                    4 Family Health
        6 The Doctor's Inn                 6 The Doctor's Inn
        7 Exercise & Fitness               7 Exercise & Fitness
        8 Alternative Health               8 Alternative Health
        9 Running and Racing               9 Running and Racing
       10 Nutrition                       10 Nutrition
       11 Martial Arts                    11 Martial Arts
       13 CHI NETWorking                  15 Issues at Work
       15 Issues at Work                  16 Graphics
       16 Just MY Opinion                 17 Self Help/Support
       17 Self Help/Support

Human Sexuality Adult Forum+   HSX200       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
       16 HSX Helpline                    16 HSX Help Files

Human Sexuality Open Forum+    HSX100       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Dear Linda W.                    1 Dear Linda W.
        2 Family Crisis                    2 Family Crisis
        3 Counselor's Corner               3 Counselor's Corner
        4 Gay Alliance                     4 Gay Alliance
        5 Singles Club                     5 Singles Club
        6 Matters of Morals                6 Matters of Morals
        7 Software Exchange                7 Software Exchange
        8 Shyness Workshop                 8 Shyness Workshop
        9 Athena's Arcade                  9 Athena's Arcade
       10 HSX Contest                     10 HSX Contest
       11 More Than Skin Deep             11 More Than Skin Deep
       12 Naturist Lifestyles             12 Naturist Lifestyles
       13 Living With AIDS                13 Living With AIDS

       14 Sex and the Law                 14 Sex and the Law
       15 Global Village                  15 Global Village
       16 HSX Helpline                    16 HSX Help Files

Human Society of U.S. Forum+   HSUS         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Animal Experiments               2 Animal Experiments
        3 ShelterNet                       3 ShelterNet
        4 Legislation & Law                4 Legislation & Law
        5 Wildlife Rehab                   5 Animal Ethics
        6 Into the Maelstrom               6 Action Alerts
        7 Animal Ethics
        8 Wildlife Protection
        9 Action Alert

IBM Applications Forum+        IBMAPP       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General [A]                      0 General [A]
        1 Text Editors [A]                 1 Text Editors [A]
        2 Word Processing [A]              2 Word Processing [A]
        3 DBMS [A]                         3 DBMS [A]
        4 Personal Acct [A]                4 Personal Acct [A]
        5 Business Acct. [A]               5 Business Acct [A]
        6 Business Apps [A]                6 Business Apps [A]
        7 Gen. Apps [A]                    7 Gen. Apps [A]
        8 Village Inn [A]                  8 Demos/Misc [A]
        9 Hot Topic [A]                    9 Membership/Mail [A]
       10 Graphics [A]                    10 Graphics [A]
       11 Education [A]                   11 Education [A]
       12 Desktop Pub [A]                 12 Desktop Pub [A]
       13 Tech/Engr/Sci [A]               13 Tech/Engr/Sci [A]
       14 Elec. Pub. [A]                  14 Elec. Pub. [A]
       15 Vertical Apps [A]               15 Vertical Apps [A]

IBM Bulletin Board Forum+      IBMBBS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General [B]                      0 General [B]
        1 BBS Programs [B]                 1 BBS Programs [B]
        2 BBS Utilities [B]                2 BBS Utilities [B]
        3 BBS Doors [B]                    3 BBS Doors [B]
        4 BBS Management [B]               4 BBS Management [B]
        5 Standards [B]                    5 Standards [B]
        6 BBS Hardware [B]                 6 BBS Hardware [B]
        7 BBS User Q/A [B]                 7 BBS Listings [B]
        8 Village Inn [B]                  8 BBS Notices [B]
        9 Hot Topic [B]                    9 Demos/Misc
       10 BBS Networks [B]                10 BBS Networks [B]
                                          11 Product Info [B]

IBM Communications Forum+      IBMCOM       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General [C]                      0 General [C]
        1 Autosig (ATO) [C]                1 Autosig (ATO) [C]
        2 Comm Utilities [C]               2 Comm Utilities [C]
        3 Comm Programs [C]                3 Comm Programs [C]
        4 FAX [C]                          4 FAX [C]
        5 Ask the Sysops [C]               5 Ask the Sysops [C]
        6 Hot Topic [C]                    6 Hot Topics [C]
        7 Modems/Comm Hdw [C]              7 Modems/Comm Hdw [C]
        8 Village Inn [C]                  8 Demos [C]
        9 Script/Nav Pgms [C]              9 Script/Nav Pgms [C]
       10 Protocols [C]                   10 Protocols [C]

       11 Local Area Nets [C]             11 Local Area Nets [C]
       12 OZCIS [C]                       12 OZCIS [C]

IBM Desktop Software Forum+    IBMDESK      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Calendar of Events               2 Calendar of Events
        4 Current-OV                       4 Current/OV
        5 DW 5.0 - DOS                     5 DW 5.0 - DOS
        6 DW 5/2 - O/S                     6 DW 5/2 - O/S
        7 DW4 Version 2.0                  7 DW4V2 
        9 Time and Place/2                 9 Time and Place/2
       10 Personal AS                     10 Personal AS
       13 ADSTAR Dist Stg Mgr             13 ADSTAR Dist Stg Mgr
       14 WPLBETA                         14 WPLBETA
       15 InterfloX                       15 InterfloX
       16 SearchManager/2                 16 SearchManager/2

IBM CAD/CAM Forum+             IBMENG       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 GENERAL INFORMATION
        4 News/Announcements              16 ANNOUCEMENT LETTER

IBM Hardware Forum+            IBMHW        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General [H]                      0 General [H]
        1 Disk/Disk Utils [H]              1 Disk/Disk Utils [H]
        2 Printers/Utils [H]               2 Printer Utils [H]
        3 Video [H]                        3 Video [H]
        4 Gen. Hardware [H]                4 Gen. Hardware [H]
        5 Hot Topics [H]                   5 PC-AT [H]
        6 Small Computers [H]              6 Small Computers [H]
        7 Buying a System [H]              7 Compatible Util [H]
        8 Village Inn [H]                  8 Classifieds [H]
        9 PS/2 [H]                         9 PS/2 [H]
       10 Mainframe HW/SW [H]             10 Mainframe HW/SW [H]
       11 88/286 Systems [H]              11 Demos/Misc [H]
       12 386 Systems [H]                 14 PCjr [H]
       13 486/P5 Systems [H]
       14 PCjr [H]

IBM Lan Mgmt Utilities/2 Forum+LMU2FORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info                     1 General Info
        2 Operations Mgmt.                 2 Common Questions
        3 Configuration Mgmt.              3 Tools/Samples
        4 Performance Mgmt.                4 News/Announcements
        5 Fault Mgmt.                      5 LMU/2 V2 Updates
        6 Miscellaneous
        7 LMU2 Suggestion Box
        8 News/Announcements

IBM New Users Forum+           IBMNEW       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General [N]                      0 General [0]
        1 Download Help [N]                1 Download Help [1]
        2 Library Tools [N]                2 Library Tools [2]
        3 Adventures [N]                   3 Adventures [3]
        4 Music [N]                        4 Music [4]
        5 Fun Graphics [N]                 5 Fun Graphics [5]
        6 Gen Fun & Games [N]              6 Gen Fun & Games [6]
        7 Ask the Sysops [N]               7 Ask the Sysops [7]
        8 Village Inn [N]                  8 Word&Card Games [8]

        9 Word Games [N]                   9 Sports & Chance [9]
       10 BASIC Workshop [N]              10 BASIC Workshop [10]
                                          11 Demo Programs [11]

IBM OS/2 Developer's Forum #1+ OS2DF1       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Base OS API's                    1 Base OS API's
        2 PM API's                         2 PM API's
        3 Object Technology                3 Object Technology
        4 IBM C SET/2, IPMD                4 IBM C SET/2, IPMD
        5 IBM C++                          5 IBM C++ 
        6 REXX/Other Language              6 REXX/Other Lang.'s
        7 Development Tools                7 Development Tools
        8 Debugging                        8 Debugging
        9 Thunking 16 <-> 32               9 Thunking 16 <-> 32
       10 OS Migration                    10 OS Migration
       11 Device Driver Dev.              11 Device Driver Dev.
       12 MMPM/2 - Multimedia             12 MMPM/2 - Multimedia
       13 DMK/2 - Mirrors                 13 DMK/2 - Mirrors
       15 Open Forum [DF1]                15 Open Forum [DF1]
       16 Product Suggestions             16 Product Suggestions
       17 IBM Files [DF1]                 17 IBM Files [DF1]

IBM OS/2 Developer's Forum #2+ OS2DF2       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Communications Mgr.              1 Communications Mgr.
        2 DB2/2, Database Mgr              2 DB2/2, Database Mgr
        3 LAN Server                       3 LAN Server
        4 NTS/2 - Transport                4 NTS/2 - Transport
        5 TCP/IP                           5 TCP/IP
        6 CID Enablement                   6 CID Enablement
        7 PEN Software                     7 PEN Software
        8 Installer & DA/2                 8 Installer & DA/2
        9 SPM/2 - Performance              9 SPM/2 - Performance
       10 LAN NetView                     10 LAN NetView
       11 DCE-OSF/DCE on OS/2             11 DCE-OSF/DCE on OS/2
       13 OS/2 Developer Mag.             13 OS/2 Developer Mag.
       15 Open Forum [DF2]                15 Open Forum [DF2]
       16 Product Suggestions             16 Product Suggestions
       17 IBM Files [DF2]                 17 IBM FILES [DF2]

IBM OS/2 PSP Beta Forum+       PSPBETA      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 IBM 32 Bit S3 Beta               1 IBM 32 Bit S3 Beta
        2 32 Bit SVGA 16                   2 32 Bit SVGA 16
        5 Ultimotion Beta                  5 Ultimotion Beta
       10 Lan Distance                    10 Lan Distance
       11 Lan DEVCON                      11 Application Server
       12 MM for LAN Server               12 MM For LAN Server
       16 Beta Gen. Feedback              17 Beta Information
       17 Beta Information

IBM OS/2 Support Forum+        OS2SUPPORT   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Questions                1 General Questions
        2 Install Questions                2 Install Questions
        3 H/W - I/O Media                  3 H/W - I/O Media
        4 H/W - Platform                   4 H/W - Platform
        5 H/W - Displays                   5 H/W - Displays
        6 H/W - Printers                   6 H/W - Printers
        7 H/W - Miscellaneous              7 H/W - Miscellaneous
        8 WPS / SOM Questions              8 WPS / SOM Questions
        9 ES / LS Questions                9 ES / LS Questions

       10 REXX / Lang. Quest.             10 REXX / Lang. Quest.
       11 DOS Appl. Questions             11 DOS Appl. Questions
       12 Windows Appl. Ques.             12 WINDOWS Appl. Ques.
       13 OS/2 Appl. Quest.               13 OS/2 Appl. Quest.
       14 COMM Appl. Quest.               14 COMM Appl. Quest.
       15 OPEN Forum [SUP]                15 OPEN Forum
       17 IBM Files [SUP]                 17 IBM Files [SUP]

IBM OS/2 User's Forum+         OS2USER      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 OS/2 Public Image                1 OS/2 Public Image
        2 1.x General Q & A                2 1.x General Q & A
        3 OS/2 & Hardware                  3 OS/2 & Hardware
        4 Application Quest.               4 Application Quest.
        5 Documentation                    5 Documentation
        6 New User Questions               6 New User Questions
        7 Suggestions                      7 Suggestions
        8 PSP / IBM Marketing              8 IBM Marketing
        9 TEAM OS/2                        9 TEAM OS/2
       11 RouteXpander/2                  10 Moving to OS2DF1
       15 Open Forum [USER]               11 RouteXpander/2
       16 Fun & Games                     15 Open Forum [USER]
       17 IBM Files [USER]                16 Fun & Games
                                          17 IBM Files [USER]

IBM OS/2 Vendor Forum+         OS2AVEN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Other Vendors                    1 Other Vendors
        2 Golden CommPass                  2 Golden CommPass
        3 SourceLine Software              3 SourceLine Software
        4 OS/2 Monthly                     4 OS/2 Monthly
        5 Sundial Systems                  5 Sundial Systems
        6 Proportional                     6 Proportional
        7 DevTech                          7 DevTech
        8 HockWare                         8 HockWare
        9 Soft & GUI                       9 Soft & GUI
       10 BocaSoft                        10 BocaSoft
       11 Gpf Systems                     11 Gpf Systems
       13 Micro Decisionware              13 Micro Decisionware

IBM Programming Forum+         IBMPRO       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General [P]                      0 General [P]
        1 Assembler [P]                    1 Assembler [P]
        2 OS Services [P]                  2 OS Services [P]
        3 C and C++ [P]                    3 C and C++ [P]
        4 BASIC [P]                        4 BASIC [P]
        5 Other Languages [P]              5 Other Languages [P]
        6 Tools/Debuggers [P]              6 Tools/Debuggers [P]
        7 DBMS Dev [P]                     7 DBMS Dev. [P]
        8 Village Inn [P]                  8 Demos [P]
        9 Hot Topic [P]                    9 Job Exchange [P]
       10 DataCompression [P]             10 DataCompression [P]
       11 APL [P]                         11 APL [P]
       12 VESA [P]                        12 VESA [P]
       13 Techniques [P]                  13 Techniques [P]
       14 CGP [P]                         14 CGP [P]

IBM Systems/Utilities Forum+   IBMSYS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General [S]                      0 General [S]
        1 DOS/DOS Utils [S]                1 DOS Utilities [S]
        2 OS/2 & Utils [S]                 2 OS/2 Utilities [S]
        3 General Utils [S]                3 General Utils [S]
        4 Multitasking [S]                 4 Multitasking [S]
        5 DOS Shells/Mgrs [S]              5 DOS Shells/Mgrs [S]
        6 File Utilities [S]               6 File Utilities [S]
        7 Desktop Utils [S]                7 Desktop Utils [S]
        8 Village Inn [S]                  8 Demos [S]
        9 Hot Topic [S]                    9 Disk Library [S]

IBM/Special Needs Forum+       IBMSPECIAL   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Software                         2 Software
        3 Hardware                         3 Hardware
        4 Special Needs                    4 Special Needs
        5 Parents                          5 Parents
        6 Teacher Talk                     6 Teacher Talk
        7 Option of Adoption               7 Option of Adoption
        8 Developers                       8 Developers
        9 Beginner's Corner                9 Beginner's Corner
       10 IBM Bits & Bytes                10 IBM Bits & Bytes
       11 Christian Education             11 Christian Education
       12 Sp. Needs Vendors               12 Sp. Needs Vendors
       13 Recreation & Games              13 Recreation & Games
       14 Bilingual Tech                  14 Bilingual Tech
       15 Kid to Kid                      15 Kid to Kid
       16 Braille Access Tech             16 Braille Access Tech
       17 Brl Transcribers                17 Brl Transcribers

IBM ThinkPad Forum+            THINKPAD     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info                     1 General Info
        2 Hardware                         2 Hardware
        3 Software                         3 Software
        4 Options/Accessories              4 Options/Accessories
        5 International
        6 Classified Ads
        7 ThinkPad 7xx
        8 ThinkPad 5xx
        9 ThinkPad 3xx

Int'l Entrepreneurs Network+   USEN         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Information              0 General Information
        1 Hot Opportunities                1 Hot Opportunities
        2 International Trade              2 International Trade
        3 Business Start-Up                3 Business Start-Up
        4 Marketing Workshop               4 Marketing Workshop
        5 Finance                          5 Finance
        6 Business Resources               6 Business Resources
        7 Manage Your Biz                  7 Manage Your Biz
        8 Business Planning                8 Business Planning
        9 Network Marketing                9 Network Marketing
       10 Business Software               10 Business Software
       11 Franchising                     11 Franchising
       13 Biz Guide Updates               13 Biz Guide Updates
                                          14 PC Aids/Utilities
                                          15 CLOSED


International Forum+           INTFRM       EET
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Help & News                1 Help & News
        2 Japan / Asia                     2 Japan / Asia
        3 Europe / UK / EEC                3 Europe / UK / EEC
        4 International                    4 International
        7 Job Opportunities                7 Resume File
        9 General Engineering              9 General Engineering
       10 Duty-Free Club                  10 Duty-Free Club
       11 The Profession                  11 The Profession
       12 Immortal Works                  12 Immortal Works

International Trade Forum+     TRADE        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 The Thorn Tree Cafe              1 Transcripts & Info
        2 IT Practices                     2 IT Practices
        3 Starting out in IT               3 IT & Governments
        4 Trading : Enquiries              4 Starting Out In IT
        5 Trading : Offers                 5 The Trading Floor
        6 European Community               6 European Community
        7 NonEEC Europe & CIS              7 NonEEC Europe & CIS
        8 Asia/OZ/NZ                       8 Asia/OZ/NZ
        9 N America & NAFTZ                9 N America & NAFTZ
       10 South & C. America              10 South & C. America
       11 Africa/Middle East              11 Africa/Middle East
       12 IT & Governments                12 Current Tenders
       13 Business Travel                 13 Business Travel
       14 Shipping & Customs              14 Shipping & Customs
       15 IT Banking/Finance              15 IT Banking/Finance
       16 SOS:Need Help Now!              16 Member Resources

Intersolv Forum+               INTERSOLV    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Section                  1 General Library
        2 APS                              2 APS
        3 Excelerator                      3 Excelerator
        4 Maint. Workbench                 4 Maint. WorkBench
        5 PVCS                             5 PVCS
        7 User Group                       7 User Group
        9 Training                         8 Training
                                           9 White Papers

Intel Access/iRUG Forum+       INTELACCESS  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Intel News/General               1 Intel News/General
        2 iRMX/MMG/Multibus                2 iRMX/MMG/Multibus
        3 Resources/Lit'ature              3 Resources/Lit'ature
        4 Software Specs.                  4 Software Specs.
        5 i386 SX,DX,SL CPU                5 i386 SX,DX,SL CPU
        6 i486 CPU Family                  6 i486 CPU Family
        7 iRUG Issues                      8 Other uProcessors
        8 Other uProcessors                9 i750/Indeo (TM)
        9 i750/Indeo (TM)                 10 *
       10 *                               11 Tool Interface Stds
       11 Tool Interface Stds             12 Pentium(TM) Proc.
       12 Pentium(TM) Proc

Intel Forum+                   INTELFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Intel News                       1 Intel News
        2 Memory Products                  2 Memory Products
        3 Inboard/SnapIn Brds              3 Inboard/SnapIn Brds
        4 CPU/OverDrive/Math               4 CPU/OverDrive/Math

        5 Fax/Modem Products               5 Fax/Modems
        6 Visual Edge                      6 Visual Edge
        7 SW Specs./Libraries              7 SW Specs./Libraries
        8 Net. Adapters/Hubs               8 Net. Adapters/Hubs
        9 Network Analysis                 9 Network Analysis
       10 Net. Backup Server              10 Net. Backup Server
       11 Network Utilities               11 Network Utilities
       12 Print/Fax Servers               12 Print/Fax Servers
       13 Code Builder                    13 Code Builder
       14 Video Products                  14 Video Products
       15 Mobile (Wireless)               15 Mobile (Wireless)
                                          17 Self-Help Docs

Investors Forum+               INVFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Stocks                           1 Stocks/The Market
        2 Bonds/Fixed Income               2 Bonds/Fixed Income
        3 Futures & Options                3 Option Trading
        4 Market Talk                      4 Commodities/Metals
        5 Mutual Funds                     5 Mutual Funds
        6 Real Estate                      6 Real Estate
        7 Financial Planning               7 Fin'l Plan. / Taxes
        8 In the News                      8 Theory/Commentary
        9 Computer Corner                  9 Demos and Info
       10 Forum News                      10 New Uploads/Help
       11 Using Invforum/CIS              11 Using INVFORUM/CIS
       12 Market Analysis                 12 Charts/Tech. Anlys.
       13 Global Investing                13 Yurko TA Workshop
       14 EQUIS/MetaStock                 14 EQUIS/MetaStock
       15 The Novice Investor             15 The Novice Investor
       16 Town Square

Issues Forum+                  ISSUESFORUM  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Culture & Society                1 Culture & Society
        2 American Life                    2 American Life
        3 Asian Amer Issues                3 Asian Amer Issues
        4 African Amer Issues              4 African Amer Issues
        5 Between the Sexes                5 Between the Sexes
        6 Parent Connection                6 Parent Connection
        7 Canadian Election                7 Canadian Election
        8 Nonprofit Orgs                   8 Nonprofit Orgs
        9 Rush H. Limbaugh                 9 Rush H. Limbaugh
       10 Unexpln'd Phenomena             10 Unexpln'd Phenomena
       11 Native Americans                11 Native Americans
       12 Men's Issues                    12 Men's Issues
       13 Marginal Issues                 13 Marginal Issues
       14 The Village Elders              14 The Village Elders
       15 Ethics/Human Rights             15 Ethics/Human Rights
       16 Women's Issues                  16 Women's Issues
       17 Lesbian/Gay Issues              17 Lesbian/Gay Issues

JFK Assassination Forum+       JFKFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 The Back Room                    1 Transcripts/Threads
        2 Books & Articles                 2 Books & Articles
        3 Government & FOIA                3 Government & FOIA
        4 Medical Evidence                 4 Medical Evidence
        5 CIA/FBI/ONI/OAI                  5 CIA/FBI/ONI/OAI
        6 Organized Crime                  6 Organized Crime
        7 Political Motives                7 Political Motives
        8 The Media                        8 The Media
        9 Vietnam & M.I.C.                 9 Vietnam & M.I.C.

       10 Castro/anti-Castro              10 Castro/anti-Castro
       11 Conferences & Mtgs              11 Conferences & Mtgs
       12 SOS:Need Answr Now!             12 Photos & Documents
       13 Coverups                        13 Coverups
       14 Warren Commission               14 Warren Commission
       15 Oswald/Ruby/et al.              15 Oswald/Ruby/et al.
       16 SOTM: Jack Ruby                 16 Member Resources

Japan Forum+                   JAPAN        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 NIFTY-Serve                      1 NIFTY-Serve
        2 Business & Industry              2 Business & Industry
        3 Travel                           3 Travel
        4 Hardware Info.                   4 Hardware Info.
        5 Software                         5 Software
        6 Embassy & Expats                 6 Embassy & Expats
        7 Culture & Festivals              7 Culture & Festivals
        8 Sports & Games                   8 Sports & Games
        9 Politics & Opinion               9 Politics & Opinion
       10 Art & Literature                10 Art & Literature
       11 History & Religion              11 History & Religion
       12 Education & Law                 12 Education & Law
       13 Hobbies                         13 Hobbies
       14 Classified Ads                  14 Classified Ads
       15 Food & Drink                    15 Food & Drink
       16 Language                        16 Language
       17 Everything Else!                17 Everything Else!

Javelin/EXPRESS Forum+         IRIFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Javelin Prod. Info.              2 Javelin Prod. Info.
        3 Javelin Tech. Supp.              3 Javelin Tech. Supp.
        4 Javelin Suggestions              4 Javelin Suggestions
        6 Express Prod. Info.              5 Javelin Sample MDLs
        7 Express Tech. Supp.              6 Express Prod. Info.
        8 Express Tech Update              7 Express Tech. Supp.
        9 Members Lounge                   8 Express Tech Update
       13 VAC / VAR Lounge                 9 Express Files/Tools
                                          12 EXPRESS for Windows
                                          13 VAC / VAR Lounge

Journalism Forum+              JFORUM       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Information              0 General Information
        1 Fast Breaking News!              1 The Experts Index
        2 Jobs/Stringers                   2 Jobs/Stringers
        3 Freelancers                      3 Freelancers
        4 Journalism Tools                 4 Journalism Tools
        5 Jrnlsm Controversy               5 Comment/Controversy
        6 Radio                            6 Radio / TV
        7 Television                       8 Papers/Magazines
        8 The Printed Word                 9 Off The Record
        9 Off The Record                  11 Ethics
       11 Ethics                          12 Future Media
       12 Future Media                    13 Newsroom Computers
       13 Newsroom Computers              16 Graphics & Design
       14 NASW - Sci. Writers             17 SciNews - MedNews
       15 Photo-Video / NPPA
       16 Graphics & Design
       17 SciNews - MedNews

Kodak CD Forum+                KODAK        CIS

       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Photo CD General                 1 About the Forum
        2 Writable CD                      2 Kodak News
        3 Photo CD Software                3 Photo CD General
        4 Color Management                 4 Photo CD Software
        5 Kodak Printers                   5 Writable CD
        6 Image Capture                    6 International
                                           7 Color Management
                                           8 Kodak Printers
                                           9 Image Capture
                                          10 Member Uploads

LDC Word Processing Forum+     LOTUSWP      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Pro-pourri                       0 Product Info, Demos
        1 General Information              1 CIS Info & Utils
        2 Ami Pro 2.0                      2 Ami Pro - Technotes
        3 Ami Pro 3.0                      3 Ami Pro - General
        4 Ami Pro Macros                   4 Ami Pro Macros
        5 LotusWrite                       5 LotusWrite
        8 Samna Word IV                    8 Samna Word IV
        9 Lotus Manuscript                 9 Lotus Manuscript
       10 SmarText                        10 SmarText
                                          11 Problem Uploads
                                          12 Shareware/Utilities
                                          13 Fun & Graphics

LDOS/TRSDOS6 Users Forum+      LDOS         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General/NewUplds                 0 General/NewUplds
        1 Languages                        1 Languages
        2 MISOSYS Products                 2 MISOSYS Products
        3 M1/3 Programming                 3 M1/3 Programming
        4 Mod4 Programming                 4 Mod4 Programming
        5 LDOS 5 Support                   5 LDOS 5 Support
        6 TRSDOS 6 Support                 6 TRSDOS 6 Support
        7 Applications                     7 Applications
        8 Hardware Hacking                 8 Hardware Hacking
        9 MS-DOS Topics                    9 MS-DOS Topics
       10 Programmer's Jrnl               10 Programmer's Jrnl
       11 Communications                  11 Communications
       16 Open Forum                      16 Open Forum

LOGO Forum+                    LOGOFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Logo News                        0 Logo News
        1 Simulations                      1 Simulations
        2 Logo Projects                    2 Logo Projects
        3 Turtle Adventures                3 Turtle Adventures
        4 Logo Tool Kit                    4 Logo Tool Kit
        5 Schemers                         5 Schemers
        6 Demos & Tutorials                6 Demos & Tutorials
        7 Mathland                         7 Mathland
        8 Object Logo                      8 Object Logo
        9 Fun & Games                      9 Fun & Games
       10 Looking at Lists                10 Looking at Lists
       11 Public Domain/SWare             11 Freeware/Shareware
       12 Terrapin                        12 Terrapin
       13 Harvard Associates              13 Harvard Associates
       14 LCSI                            14 LCSI
       15 Open                            15 Open
       16 Open                            16 Open


Lan Magazine Forum+            LANMAG       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Client/Server                    2 Reviews
        3 Peer-to-Peer                     3 Features
        4 Interoperability                 9 LAN Basics
        5 Cabling/Topologies              10 News
        6 Operating Systems               16 Vendor Product Ann.
        7 Hardware
        8 Software
        9 LAN Basics
       10 News
       11 Management/Careers
       15 Letters to Editors
       16 Guests
       17 The Wiring Closet

Lan Technology Forum+          LANTECH      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 To The Sysops                    1 Inside Stacks
        1 General Information              2 NetWare
        2 Inside Stacks                    3 Lan Manager
        3 NetWare                          4 VINES
        4 Lan Manager                      5 Macintosh
        5 VINES                            6 UNIX
        6 UNIX                             7 Network Managmnt
        7 Network Mgmnt.                   8 Internetworking
        8 Internetworking                  9 WAN Technology
        9 WAN Tech                        10 Troubleshooting
       10 Troubleshooting                 11 Servers
       11 Servers                         12 E-Mail
       12 E-Mail                          13 Applications
       13 Applications                    14 Demos
       14 Demos                           15 Reviews
       15 Reviews                         16 Current Stacks
       16 The Grapevine

Lan Vendor Forum+              LANVEN       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Section                  1 General Library
        2 Synergy Solutions                2 Synergy Solutions
        4 Newport Systems                  4 Newport Systems

Legal Forum+                   LAWSIG       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Interest                 0 GENERAL
        1 Computer/Tech Law                1 Computer/Tech Law
        2 Attorney Wanted                  2 Attorney Wanted
        3 Law Firm Economics               3 Law Firm Economics
        4 Legal Research                   4 Legal Research
        5 Software/Automation              5 Software/Automation
        6 Lawyer To Lawyer                 6 Lawyer To Lawyer
        7 Reporter/Paralegal               7 Reporter/Paralegal
        8 LAW STUDENT                      8 LAW STUDENT
        9 --- HOT TOPIC ---                9 *** HOT TOPIC ***
       10 Municipal Planning              10 MUNICIPAL PLANNING
       11 Demos, Vendors                  11 Demos, Vendors
       12 SUPREME COURT                   12 SUPREME COURT
       14 "BAR ROOM"                      14 Bar Room
       15 Cyberlaw

Literary Forum+                LITFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:

        1 General/Help                     1 General/Reviews
        2 Markets/Self-Pub.                2 Market Maneuvers
        3 Floyd Kemske                     3 WotM!
        4 YouthLit/Learning                4 YouthLit/Learning
        5 Journalism/Non-Fict              5 Journalism
        6 Fiction                          6 Fiction
        8 Comics & Humor                   8 Comics and Humor
        9 Stage & Screen                   9 Screen and Stage
       10 Speculative Fiction             10 Speculative Fiction
       11 Poetry & Lyrics                 11 Poetry/Lyrics
       12 Mystery & Suspense              12 Mystery & Romance
       13 Art of Writing                  13 Art of Writing
       14 Literary exercises              14 Literary Exercises
       15 Censorship & Essays             15 Censorship/Essays
       16 Writers' Tools                  16 Writers' Tools
       17 Romance/Historical              17 Prose by the Pros!

Logitech Forum+                LOGITECH     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Mouse Products                   1 Mouse Products
        2 Sound Products                   2 Sound Products
        3 ScanMan Family                   3 ScanMan Family
        4 Logitech OCR S/W                 4 Logitech OCR S/W
        5 Logitech Windows                 5 MAC Products
        6 MAC Products                     6 Announcements
        7 Suggestion Box                   7 General Information
        8 FotoMan

Lotus GmbH Forum+              LOTGER       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Allg. Informationen              1 Lotus News
        2 Lotus DOS-Produkte               2 Allg. Informationen
        3 Lotus Windows-Prod.              3 Lotus DOS-Produkte
        4 Lotus OS/2-Produkte              4 Lotus Windows-Prod.
        5 Lotus UNIX-Produkte              5 Lotus OS/2-Produkte
        8 Lotus Notes                      6 Lotus UNIX-Produkte
        9 Lotus cc:Mail                    7 Notes & cc:Mail
       11 Lotus Software                   8 TechInfos Deutsch
       12 Lotus Open Bar                   9 TechInfos English
                                          11 Lotus Software
                                          12 Lotus Open Bar

Lotus Spreadsheets Forum+      LOTUSA       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Lotus Notice                     0 Product Info, Demos
        2 1-2-3 Release 2.x                1 CIS Utilities
        3 1-2-3 Release 3.x                2 1-2-3 Release 2.x
        4 1-2-3 for OS/2                   3 1-2-3 Release 3.x
        5 1-2-3 for Windows                4 1-2-3 for OS/2
        6 Symphony                         5 1-2-3 for Windows
        7 1-2-3 for the Mac                6 Symphony
        8 Add-on Products                  7 1-2-3 for the Mac
        9 Development Tools                8 Add-on Products
       10 LOTUS Magazine                   9 Development Tools
       11 Lotus UK                        10 LOTUS Magazine
       12 Improv for Windows              11 Lotus UK
                                          12 Improv for Windows

Lotus Words & Pixels Forum+    LOTUSB       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 @Ease                            0 Product Info, Demos
        2 Freelance/Windows                1 CIS Utilities
        3 Freelance for OS/2               2 Freelance/Windows

        4 Freelance/DOS                    3 Freelance for OS/2
        6 Metro/Express                    4 Freelance/DOS
        7 Agenda                           6 Metro/Express
        8 Magellan                         7 Agenda
        9 LotusWorks                       8 Magellan
       10 Notes                            9 LotusWorks
       11 cc:Mail                         10 Notes
       13 One Source                      11 cc:Mail
       14 Organizer                       13 One Source
       15 Approach                        14 Organizer
                                          15 Approach

MECA Software Forum+           MECA         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 CkWrite/MTM/FinCalc              1 General Info
        2 MYM9 - Money                     2 Product Info
        3 MYM9 - Pfolio+Nwrth              3 Press Releases
        4 MYM9 - Other                     4 IBM - MYM Q & A
        5 MYM8 All Topics                  5 Newsletters
        6 MYM 1-7 (DOS)                    6 MYM (DOS) Utilities
        8 IBM Taxcut(Dos+Win)              8 IBM Taxcut
        9 IBM Feature Request             10 Mac Taxcut
       10 MAC Taxcut 92                   11 MAC - MYM Q & A
       11 MAC - MYM                       14 Customer Service
       12 MAC Feature Request             15 Demos and Shareware
       13 Money Talks
       14 Customer Sales/Info
       15 Home Lawyer/TMO

MIDI Vendor A Forum+           MIDIAVENDOR  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Uploads
        2 Turtle Beach Sys                 2 Turtle Beach Files
        3 Twelve Tone Sys                  3 Twelve Tone Files
        4 E-mu Systems                     4 E-mu Files
        5 JLCooper                         5 JLCooper Files
        6 YC/Kurzweil                      6 YC/Kurzweil Files
        7 Opcode Systems                   7 Opcode Files
        8 Big Noise Software               8 Big Noise Software
        9 PG Music                         9 PG Music Files
       10 Music Quest                     10 Music Quest Files
       11 Magnetic Music                  11 Magnetic Music
       12 Barefoot/Hybrid                 12 Barefoot/Hybrid
       13 Eventide                        13 Eventide Files
       15 Animotion                       15 Animotion Files

MIDI Vendor B Forum+           MIDIBVENDOR  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Midiman                          2 Midiman files
        3 Cool Shoes Software              3 Cool Shoes files
        4 Mackie Designs                   4 Mackie Design files
        5 Coda Music Tech.                 5 Coda Music Tech.
        6 Covox                            6 Covox files
        7 Lexicon                          7 Lexicon Files
        8 Sweetwater Sound                 8 Sweetwater Sound
        9 Live Sound!                      9 Live Sound!
       11 Passport Designs                11 Passport Designs
       12 Media Vision                    12 Media Vision
       14 Mark IV Pro Audio               14 Mark IV Pro Audio
       15 Temporal Acuity                 15 Temporal Acuity

MIDI Vendor C Forum+           MIDICVENDOR  CIS

       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Section                  1 General Library
        4 Blue Ribbon                      4 Blue Ribbon files
        5 Howling Dog                      5 Howling Dog Files
        6 Soundcraft                       6 Soundcraft Files
        7 Innovative Qual SW               7 Innovative Qual SW
        8 Steinberg/Jones                  8 Steinberg Files
        9 Dr. T's                          9 Dr. T's Files
       10 Thoughtprocessors               10 Thoughtprocessors
       11 DrumTrax                        11 DrumTrax Files
       12 MOTU                            12 MOTU Files
       13 Roland Corp.                    13 Roland Corp. Files
       14 Sound Deals                     14 Sound Deals
       16 Asystem                         16 Asystem Files
       17 OSC                             17 OSC Files

MIDI/Music Forum+              MIDIFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 New Uploads
        2 Synths/Samplers/FXs              2 Basics & Prod Guide
        3 New to MIDI                      3 General MIDI Songs
        4 Atari ST                         4 Atari Files
        5 Macintosh                        5 Macintosh Files
        6 Amiga                            6 Amiga/Other Lib
        7 MS DOS (IBM/compat)              7 MS DOS Files
        8 Pre-Owned Equipment              8 Classified Ads
        9 Composing/Editing                9 Patches / Samples
       10 Recording/Audio                 10 MIDI Song Files
       11 Windows Media Sound             11 Windows Media Sound
       12 MIDI Controllers                12 Seq Specific Songs
       13 Music Discussions               13 MS DOS Demos
       14 Guit/Drum/AcousInst             14 Guit/Drum/AcousInst
       15 Sound Cards                     15 Sound Card Files
       16 Video Sound                     16 Recording/Audio
       17 Jam Session                     17 CompuBand

Mac A Vendor Forum+            MACAVEN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Business
        2 Portfolio Software               2 Portfolio Software
        3 Nisus Software                   3 Nisus Software
        4 CE Software                      4 CE Software
        5 DeltaPoint                       5 DeltaPoint
        6 Daystar Digital                  6 Daystar Digital
        7 Mainstay                         7 Mainstay
        8 Connectix                        8 Connectix
        9 Survivor Software                9 Survivor Software
       11 Ex Machina Inc.                 11 Ex Machina Inc.
       13 MicroMat                        13 MicroMat
       14 available                       15 TENpointO/Activis'n
       15 TENpointO/Activis'n             16 Articulate Systems
       16 Articulate Systems              17 Chipsoft
       17 Chipsoft

Mac Applications Forum+        MACAP        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads                      0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum Business                   1 Help Files
        2 Word Processing                  2 Word Processing
        3 Databases                        3 Databases
        4 Spreadsheets/Models              4 Spreadsheets/Models
        5 Accounting/Finance               5 Accounting/Finance
        6 General Business                 6 General Business

        7 Desktop Publishing               7 DTP Templates
        8 Multimedia                       8 Multimedia
        9 Art Hints/Tips                   9 Graphics Tools
       10 Paint Programs                  10 MacPaintings (B&W)
       11 Draw Programs                   11 Illustrations (B&W)
       12 Color Art                       12 Color Artwork
       13 Using RLE/GIF                   13 RLE/GIF Images
       14 Engineering/CAD                 14 Engineering/CAD
       15 Mac Lawyers                     15 Misc. Applications
       16 Science/Engineering             16 Science/Engineering

Mac B Vendor Forum+            MACBVEN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Business
        2 GCC Technologies                 2 GCC Technologies
        3 Altsys Corp.                     3 Altsys Corp.
        4 Jasik Designs                    4 Jasik Designs
        5 Berkeley Systems                 5 Berkeley Systems
        6 Olduvai Corp.                    6 Olduvai Corp.
        7 Software Ventures                7 Software Ventures
        8 n/a                              8 n/a
        9  T/Maker Inc.                    9  T/Maker Inc.
       10 Working Software                10 Working Software
       11 Microseeds Pub.                 11 Microseeds Pub.
       12 Component Software              12 Component Software
       13 Opcode Systems                  13 Opcode Systems
       14 Radius Inc.                     14 Radius Inc.
       15 Deneba Software                 15 Deneba Software
       16 SuperMac Technology             16 SuperMac Technology
       17 TACTIC Software                 17 TACTIC Software

Mac C Vendor Forum+            MACCVEN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Aladdin Systems                  2 Aladdin Systems
        3 Baseline Publishing              3 Baseline Publishing
        4 Inline Software                  4 Inline Software
        5 Avatar Corp.                     5 Avatar Corp.
        6 CoStar                           6 CoStar
        7 TMS Peripherals                  7 TMS Peripherals
        8 Iomega Corp.                     8 Iomega Corp.
        9 Softsync, Inc.                   9 Softsync, Inc.
       10 Farallon                        10 Farallon
       11 Alysis                          11 Alysis
       13 Mirror Technologies             13 Mirror Technologies
       14 Virtus Corp.                    14 Virtus Corp.

Mac D Vendor Forum+            MACDVEN      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 MacTech Magazine                 2 MacTech Magazine
        3 Atticus                          3 Atticus
        4 Teknosys                         4 Teknosys
        5 TidBITS Magazine                 5 TidBITS Magazine
        6 Mercury Systems                  6 Mercury Systems
        7 Digital Eclipse                  7 Digital Eclipse
        8 Micronet                         8 Micronet
        9 Advanced Software                9 Advanced Software
       10 Advanced Gravis                 10 Advanced Gravis
       11 Helix Technologies              11 Helix Technologies
       12 Insignia Solutions              12 Insignia Solutions
       13 Applied Engineering             13 Applied Engineering
       16 Focus Enhancements              16 Focus Enhancements
Mac CIM Support Forum (FREE)   MCIMSUPPORT  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Questions                1 General Information
        2 Common Solutions                 2 Support Files
        3 Install/Upgrade                  3 User Contributions
        4 Modems/Hardware                  4 Scripts (CCLs)
        5 Forums
        6 Mail
        7 Filing Cabinet
        8 Printing
        9 Online Services
       10 Terminal Emulation
       16 European Support
       17 Suggestions

Mac Communications Forum+      MACCOMM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Library Questions                0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum Bus./General               1 Help Files
        2 CIS Navigator                    2 CIS Navigator
        3 Term Programs                    3 Scripts/Tools
        4 Communication Utils              4 Comm Progs/Utils
        5 Hardware                         5 Hardware
        6 FAX                              6 FAX
        7 Local Area Nets                  7 Networking
        8 Talking To PCs                   8 Talking To PCs
        9 BBS Systems                      9 BBS Systems
       10 Using CompuServe                10 Using CompuServe
       11 Apple Remote Access             11 Apple Remote Access
       12 Macintosh and ISDN              12 Macintosh and ISDN

Mac Community Clubhouse Forum+ MACCLUB      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Library Questions                0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum Business                   1 Help Files
        2 About Apple                      2 Community Square
        3 Community Square                 3 Parties/Cons
        4 Parties/Cons                     4 Resumes
        5 The Rumour Mill                  5 Community Pix
        6 Classified                       6 Community Bios
        7 Employment Wanted                7 Archived Threads
        8 Employment Offered               8 Magazines/Reviews
        9 New Products                     9 Classifieds
       10 About Computing                 10 Meet MONDO 2000
       11 Political Issues                11 About Apple
       12 MacWomen/Men
       13 NOT About The Mac
       14 Meet MONDO 2000

Mac Developers Forum+          MACDEV       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Library Questions                0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum Bus./General               1 Help Files
        2 BASIC                            2 BASIC
        3 Assembly Language                3 Assembly Language
        4 C and Pascal                     4 C and Pascal
        5 Object Oriented                  5 Object Oriented
        6 Other Languages                  6 Other Languages
        7 Inside Macintosh                 7 Apple System Tools
        8 Programming System7              8 Apple System Files
        9 Dev. Environments                9 Dev. Environments
       10 APDA                            10 APDA
       11 Learn Programming               11 Learn Programming

       12 A/UX                            12 A/UX
       13 Tools/Debuggers                 13 Tools/Debuggers

Mac Fun/Entertainment Forum+   MACFUN       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Library Questions                0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum Bus./General               1 Help Here
        2 Arcade/Action Games              2 Arcade/Action Games
        3 Adventure Games                  3 Adventure/War Games
        4 Board/Card/Ed Games              4 Board/Card/Ed Games
        5 Game Design                      5 Game Aids/AddOns
        6 Mac'ing Music                    6 Sound Utilities
        7 Mac'ing Music MIDI               7 Movie Sounds
        8 Music Hints/Tips                 8 SciFi Sounds
        9 About Sounds                     9 TV Sounds
       10 PML Football Field              10 Other Sounds
       11 Other Tournaments               11 Music
       12 Wargaming                       12 Education
       13 Flight Simulation               13 Glamour Paintings
                                          14 Glamour Illust.
                                          15 Tournament Gaming
                                          16 Pre 1990 Games

Mac Hardware Forum+            MACHW        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads                      0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum/Gen. Business              1 Help Files
        2 Classic Macs                     2 The Classic/SE
        3 Modular Macs                     3 Modular Macs
        4 Quadras                          4 The Quadra
        5 PowerBook/Portables              5 The PowerBook
        6 Performas                        7 The Performas
        7 n/a                              8 Early Macs
        8 Early Macs                       9 Disks/Storage
        9 Disks/Storage                   10 Printers/Output
       10 Printers/Output                 11 Scanners/Input
       11 Scanners/Input                  12 Monitors/Video
       12 Monitors/Video                  13 Other Hardware
       13 Other Hardware
       14 HOT TOPIC: NEW MACS
       16 Off The Subject

Mac Hypertext Forum+           MACHYPER     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Library Questions                0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum Business                   1 Help Here
        2 Community Square                 2 Games
        3 Just "Browsing"                  3 Education
        4 Stack Ideas                      4 Music and Sound
        5 HyperTalk Language               5 Art: Clip and Fine!
        6 The HyperArtist                  6 Reference Stacks
        7 XCMDs & Adv. Tech.               7 "Home"/Utilities
        8 Stack Support                    8 Misc. Stacks
        9 SuperCard                        9 HyperMagazines
       10 Other Hypertext SW              10 Adv. HyperTalk
       11 HyperStudio/App II              11 XCMDs & XFCNs
       12 Xpert Alley                     12 Non-HC Hypertext
                                          13 R-Rated Stacks
                                          14 Personal Databases
                                          15 SuperCard
                                          16 Xpert Alley

Mac Multimedia Forum+          MACMULTI     CIS

       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads                      0 Upload Here
        1 Forum Business                   1 Help Files
        2 Community Square                 2 Video Equipment
        3 Video Hardware                   3 Home Movies (QT)
        4 Video Software                   4 Art/Animation (QT)
        5 Quicktime                        5 Video Clips (QT)
        6 Interface Ideas                  6 Misc QuickTime (QT)
        7 Sound Advice                     7 QuickTime Tools
        8 Art Hints/Tips                   8 HyperCard Tools
        9 Combining Media                  9 Sound Tools
       10 HyperCard Design                10 Paint/Draw Tools  
       11 Presentation S'ware             11 Glamour Films (QT)
       12 Multimedia Devlprs              12 Projs/Presentations
       13 Other Hardware                  13 Templates
       14 Miscellaneous                   14 Misc. Multimedia
       15 BEGINNER'S SECTION              15 BEGINNER'S LIBRARY

Mac New Users/Help Forum+      MACNEW       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 MacNew Uploads                   0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum Business                   1 Help Files
        2 Using Forums                     2 Using Forums
        3 Using Libraries                  3 Using LIBs
        4 Guide To MAUG                    4 MAUG Guide
        5 Disk Clinic                      5 Disk Tools
        6 Virus Clinic                     6 Anti-Virus Tools
        7 System Clinic                    7 System Tools
        8 International MAUG               8 Guest/CO Archives
        9 General and Misc.               10 Mac Today (TV Show)
       10 Mac Today (TV Show)             11 Shareware Emporium
       11 Shareware Emporium

Mac System Software Forum+     MACSYS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads                      0 UPLOAD HERE
        1 Forum/Gen. Business              1 Help Files
        2 System 6 Specific                2 System 6 Specific
        3 INITs/Extensions                 3 INITs/Extensions
        4 Control Panels                   4 Control Panels
        5 DAs/FKEYs                        5 DAs/FKEYs
        6 Fonts                            6 Fonts
        7 Utilities                        7 Utilities
        8 System Conflicts                 8 System Conflicts
        9 Aliasing/Icons                   9 Aliases/Icons
       10 Publish/Subscribe               10 Miscellaneous
       11 File Sharing/Nets               12 QuickTime
       12 QuickTime                       13 EMERGENCY Toolkit
       13 EMERGENCY Help!                 14 Using The System
       14 Using The System                16 EASTER EGG HUNT
       15 HOT TOPIC: SYS 7.1
       16 EASTER EGG HUNT!

MacUser Forum+                 MACUSER      ZMC
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Forum Business                   1 Special Reports
        1 Letters to Editor                2 Shareware Awards
        2 Mac Issues                       3 MacUser Utilities
        3 Software
        4 Hardware
        5 Personal Mac
        6 Desktop Publishing
        7 Power Tools

        8 The Kitchen Table
        9 Computing & Tech.
       10 Bridges
       11 Mobile Mac

MacWEEK Forum+                 MACWEEK      ZMC
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Feedback to MacWEEK              1 MacWEEK Info Files
        2 MacWEEK Roundtable               2 MacWEEK Articles
        3 MacWEEK Articles                 3 Special Supplement
        4 Newton Discussions               4 Background Info
        8 Not About Macs                   5 Short Reports
        9 Heated Debates                   8 Newton files

Macromedia Forum+              MACROMEDIA   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Director/Players                 2 Director/Players
        3 Authorware/Star                  3 Authorware/Star
        4 Action/ClipMedia                 4 Action/ClipMedia
        5 3D/Modeling/MMaker               5 3D/Modeling/MMaker
        6 Sound Products                   6 Sound Products
        7 Product Wish Lists               7 Product Wish Lists
                                           8 XObjects/XCMDS/UCDS
                                           9 Dev Conference

Markt & Technik Deutschland+   MUTFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 NEWS: M&T/MuTForum               1 WINDOWS-Progs/Tools
        2 Neue Mitglieder                  2 DOS-Programme/Tools
        3 RedaktionsConnect                3 WIN+DOS-Kombi-Progs
        4 DiskussionsRunde                 4 OS/2
        5 PC-Hard/Software                 5 Amiga, Atari, Mac
        6 DOS & Windows                    6 DFUe, Telekommunik.
        7 Netzwerk                         7 Grafik: Prgs+Bilder
        8 DFUe, Telekommunik.              8 Multimedia, Anim.
        9 Deutschspr. ShareW.              9 Buecher/Zeitschrft.
       10 Biete&Suche (Priv.)             10 Texte, Infos, Tips
       11 PLZ-Umstellung                  11 PLZ-Umstellung
       12 OzCIS-Europa-Treff              12 OzCIS-Europa-Treff
       13 Dieter's SpassEcke              13 ComputerPersoenlich
       14 OS/2                            14 BETA-Phasen - Progs

Masonry Forum+                 MASONRY      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Collation & Chats                1 Help Files
        2 History/Symbolism                2 Masonic Programs
        3 Blue Lodge Mngmnt                3 Graphics/Art
        4 York Rite                        4 Articles/Text Files
        5 Scottish Rite                    5 SCRL
        6 The Shrine                       6 MSA/Short Talks
        7 TCL/Grotto
        8 OES/Amaranth
        9 Youth Groups
       10 Other Bodies
       11 Philalethes/CCC
       12 Books/Magazines
       13 Becoming A Mason
       14 Masonry & Computers
       15 Masonic Metaphysics
       16 SCRL
       17 Masonic Homes


McAfee Virus Help Forum+       VIRUSFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Virus Q&A                        1 McAfee Anti-Viral
        2 McAfee Support                   2 3rd Party Add-Ons
        5 Virus News & Views               3 Other Anti-Viral
        6 AntiVirusProducts                4 Utilities
        7 NCSA Section                     5 Text/General Files
        9 LAN Virus Issues                 6 NCSA Library
       10 The Bit Bucket                   7 Biographies
       11 VSUM Section

MedSIG Forum+                  MEDSIG       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Profess.                 1 General
        2 Office Computing                 2 Office Computing
        3 Clinical/Consulting              3 Professional
        4 Students/Employment              4 Students
        5 FP/Ped/OB-GYN                    5 Pub Hlth & Technol.
        6 Subspecialties                   6 Subspecialties
        7 CCM/EM/Pre-Hosp                  7 Critical Care/ED
        8 Nursing                          8 Drug Information
        9 Journal Club/CPC                 9 Journal Club
       10 Science in Medicine             10 Medical Graphics
       11 Clinical Computing              11 OB-GYN/FP/PED
       12 Health Policy/Legal             12 Medical Software
       13 Dental                          13 General Software
       14 CME/QA/Med. Record              14 Apple//Mac Software
       15 TBA                             15 CME/CAI
       16 Mental Health                   16 Products and Demos
       17 Drs. Lounge

Mensa Forum+                   MENSA        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 About Mensa                      1 About Mensa
        2 Testing/Research                 2 Testing/Research
        3 Hospitality Suite                3 Hospitality Suite
        4 Gifted Children                  4 Gifted Children
        5 Educ/Scholarships                5 Educ/Scholarships
        6 Reading/Literacy                 6 Reading/Literacy
        7 Science/Technology               7 Science/Technology
        8 The Arts                         8 The Arts
        9 Politics/Econ                    9 Politics/Econ
       10 Personally Speaking             10 Personally Speaking
       11 International                   11 International
       12 Interest Groups                 12 Interest Groups
       13 Puns/Jokes/Puzzles              13 Puns/Jokes/Puzzles
       14 Inside Mensa                    14 Inside Mensa

Microsoft Applications Forum+  MSAPP        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General [Apps]                   1 Index and Info
        2 PowerPoint                       2 PowerPoint
        3 Video for Windows                3 Video for Windows
        4 Win Sound System                 4 Win Sound System
        5 Works for the Mac                5 Works for the Mac
        7 Windows Project                  7 Windows Project
        8 Project for the Mac              8 Project for the Mac
        9 Works for the PC                 9 Works for the PC
       10 Works for Windows               10 Works for Windows
       11 Mouse/Paintbrush                11 Mouse/Paintbrush
       13 Publisher                       13 Publisher
       14 NonTech Cust Serv               14 NonTech Cust Serv
       15 Flight Simulator                15 Flight Simulator

       16 MS Multimedia Apps              16 MS Multimedia Apps
       17 Money                           17 Money

Microsoft Access Forum+        MSACCESS     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Getting Started                  1 Getting Started
        2 Tables/DB Design                 2 Tables/DB Design
        3 Queries                          3 Queries
        4 Forms                            4 Forms
        5 Reports/Printing                 5 Reports/Printing
        6 Macros                           6 Macros
        7 Mastering Modules                7 Mastering Modules
        8 Import/Export                    8 Import/Export
        9 Multi-User/Networks              9 Multi-User/Networks
       10 OLE/DDE                         10 OLE/DDE
       11 ODBC Connectivity               11 ODBC Connectivity
       12 Security                        12 Security
       13 Setup                           13 Setup
       14 Suggestions/Mktg.               14 Suggestions/Mktg.
       15 3rd Party/User Grp              15 3rd Party/User Grp
       16 ADK/Runtime                     16 ADK/Runtime

Microsoft BASIC Forum+         MSBASIC      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Tech Cust Serv               1 MS Info and Index
        2 Setup Wizard/Kit                 2 Basic (PDS)
        3 Data Access Objects              3 QuickBasic
        4 The Data Control                 4 Mac QuickBasic
        5 Programing Issues                5 VBWIN - General
        6 ODBC Connectivity                6 VBWIN - 3rd Party
        7 SQL Queries                      7 VBMSDOS
        8 ProEdition Controls              8 VBMSDOS - 3rd Party
        9 Calling API's/DLL's              9 Project Worktable
       10 Using OLE/DDE                   10 VBWIN-ODBC/Database
       11 COMM/MCI/MAPI                   11 VBWIN - API/DLL's
       13 DOS Visual Basic                12 VBWIN - OLE/DDE
       14 DOS and Mac Basic               13 VBWIN - SetupKit
       15 Suggestions/Mktg.               14 VBWIN COMM/MCI/MAPI
       16 CDK                             16 CDK
       17 MS Test for Windows             17 MS Test for Windows

Microsoft Benelux Forum+       MSBF         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Access en FoxPro                 1 Microsoft Access
        2 BASIC  talen                     2 FoxBase en FoxPro
        3 C en C++                         3 BASIC talen
        4 Andere talen                     4 C en C++
        5 MAPI,ODBC,AVI etc.               5 Andere talen
        6 Windows SDK's                    6 MAPI,ODBC,AVI etc.
        7 Windows NT (WIN32)               7 Windows SDK
        8 Fox Centre BV                    8 Windows NT
        9 Algemeen                         9 Produkt Informatie
       11 Lemax Company B.V.              10 Algemeen
       12 Non-technical                   11 Fox Centre BV
                                          13 Lemax Company B.V.

Microsoft Centrl Europe Forum+ MSCE         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Allgemeine Infos                 1 Allgemeine Infos
        2 MS DOS                           2 Treiber Service
        3 MS Windows 3.0/3.1               3 Technische Infos
        5 MS Word f. Windows               4 Beispiele
        6 MS Word f. DOS                   5 Sonstiges

        7 MS Excel                         6 East Europe
        8 MS Works                        15 MS Datenbanken
        9 MS Project
       10 MS Publisher
       11 MS MAC-Software
       12 MS Money
       14 MS FoxPro
       15 MS Access
       17 Feedback an MS

Microsoft Centrl Europe System+MSCESYSTEM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Allgemeine Infos                 1 Allgemeine Infos
        2 MS C/C++                         2 Samples
        3 MS Basic                         3 System Journal
        4 Weitere Sprachen                 4 Win NT Infos
        5 Win NT Install                   5 Languages Info
        6 Win 16 (SDK, DDK)                6 Problem Report
        7 Win 32 (SDK, DDK)                7 Tools/Patches
        8 Win Extensions                   8 Netzwerk Info
       10 LAN Manager                      9 Win32 SDK beta
       11 SQL Server                      17 WUG
       13 MS Mail u. Gateways
       17 WUG

Microsoft DOS Forum+           MSDOS        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Tech Cust Serv               1 Index and Info
        2 Setup & Install                  2 Setup & Install
        3 Hardware Issues                  3 Hardware Issues
        4 Compatibility                    4 Compatibility
        5 Networks                         5 Networks
        6 Commands/Utilities               6 Commands/Utilities
        7 DOS Shell                        7 DOS Shell
        8 BASIC Conversions                8 BASIC Conversions
        9 Shareware (MS-DOS)               9 Shareware (MS-DOS)
       10 Developers Exchange             10 Developers Exchange
       11 Doublespace                     11 Doublespace
       12 Mem Mgt/Optimize                12 Mem Mgt/Optimize
       13 Unmonitored Chat
       14 Stacker Conversion

Microsoft Developer Network+   MSDNLIB      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Library Comments                 1 New Uploads
       15 Gen./Admin.                      3 Technote Samples
       16 CD Problem Reports               4 More Samples
       17 Comments/Sugg.                   5 3.1 SDK Samples
                                           6 Unsupported Tools
                                           7 VxD-Lite, Mini-DDK
                                           8 VB Technotes
                                           9 Database Technotes
                                          10 Windows Technotes
                                          11 C/C++ Technotes
                                          12 Network Technotes
                                          13 WordBasic Technotes
                                          14 Win NT/Win32
                                          15 Gen./Admin.
                                          16 CD Problem Reports

Microsoft Developer Relations+ MSDR         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Dev Service              1 General/Dev Service

        2 Strategic Issues                 2 Strategic Issues

Microsoft Excel Forum+         MSEXCEL      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 Index and Info
        2 Excel for the Mac                2 Excel for the Mac
        3 Excel for the PC                 3 Excel for the PC
        4 Excel for PM                     4 Excel for PM
       13 Desktop III Prods               13 Desktop III Prods
       14 nonTech Cust Ser                17 EIS Pak
       16 MS Office Setup
       17 EIS Pak

Microsoft Italy Forum+         MSITA        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Win32 SDK                        1 Win 32 SDK
        2 Win NT                           2 Win NT
        3 C/C++ - Windows SDK              3 C/C++ - Windows SDK
        4 Linguaggi Basic                  4 Ling. Basic/VB
        5 Fox e Access                     5 Fox e Access
        6 Altri Linguaggi                  6 Altri Linguaggi
        7 Lan/SQL/Mail                     7 Lan/SQL/Mail
        8 Applicativi Dos/Mac              8 Applicativi Dos/Mac
        9 Applicativi Windows              9 Applicativi Windows
       10 Device Drivers                  10 Device Drivers
       11 Informazioni Comm               11 Informazioni Comm
       12 Servizi di Supporto             12 Servizi di supporto

Microsoft Languages Forum+     MSLANG       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Visual C++ Setup                 1 MS Info and Index
        2 Microsoft C++                    2 Microsoft C++
        3 Microsoft C                      3 Microsoft C
        4 Assembler                        4 Assembler
        5 PASCAL                           5 PASCAL
        6 VC++ VBX Usage                   6 VC++ VBX Usage
        7 Visual Workbench                 7 Visual Workbench
        8 Foundation Classes               8 Foundation Classes
        9 App Studio                       9 App Studio
       10 Wizards/DDV/DDX                 10 Wizards/DDV/DDX
       11 QC/QCWin                        11 QC/QCWin
       12 CodeView/IDE Debug              12 CodeView/IDE Debug
       13 FORTRAN                         13 FORTRAN
       14 NonTech Cust Serv               14 NonTech Cust Serv
       15 Developers Exchange             15 Developers Exchange
       16 Prgmr's Workbench               16 Prgrms' Workbench
       17 Utils/Link/Nmake                17 Utils/Link/Nmake

Microsoft Spain Forum+         MSSP         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 DESARROLLO MS-DOS                1 Desarrollo Ms-DOS
        2 DESARROLLO WINDOWS               2 Desarrollo Windows
        3 DESARROLLO WIN32                 3 Desarrollo Win32
        4 CLIENTE/SERVIDOR                 4 Cliente/Servidor
        5 MICROSOFT FOXPRO                 5 Microsoft FoxPro
        6 MICROSOFT ACCESS                 6 Microsoft Access
        7 DOS,WINDOWS,WT.GRUP              7 DOS,Windows,WT.Grup
        8 WINDOWS NT                       8 Windows NT
        9 APLICACIONES WIN                 9 Aplicaciones Win
       10 APLICACIONES MS-DOS             10 Aplicaciones Ms-DOS
       11 MULTIMEDIA                      11 Multimedia
       12 FORUM: SUGEREN/INFO             12 Informac. General


Microsoft SQL Server Forum+    MSSQL        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        2 MS SQL Svr WinNT                 1 Index and Info 
        3 MS SQL Svr for OS/2              2 MS SQL Svr WinNT
        4 MS Program Toolkits              3 MS SQL Svr for OS/2
        5 ODBC Dvr for MS SQL              4 MS Program Toolkits
        6 MS SQL Front-Ends                5 ODBC Dvr for MS SQL
        7 Non-MS Front-Ends                6 MS SQL Front-Ends
        8 SQL Connectivty/NIK              7 Non-MS Front-Ends
       15 SQL Beta SW Issues               8 SQL Connectivty/NIK
       16 Non-Tech Service                15 SQL Beta SW Issues

Microsoft Sweden Forum+        MSSWE        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Discussion               1 General information
        2 Product Support                  2 Product Support
        3 Sales Support                    3 Sales Support
        4 Events                           4 Events
        5 Microsoft Home                   5 Microsoft Home
        6 Microsoft Office                 6 Microsoft Office
        7 Microsoft Languages              7 Microsoft Languages
        8 Microsoft System                 8 Microsoft System
        9 Microsoft Hardware               9 Microsoft Hardware
       10 Microsoft Shop                  10 Microsoft Shop
       11 Microsoft News                  11 Microsoft News

Microsoft TechNet Forum+       TNFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 WW Comments/Sugg                 1 Index and Info
        2 US                               2 TechNet Files
        3 Benelux                          3 TechEd
        4 Central Europe                   4 MS Press Releases
        8 TechEd                          15 Gen/Admin
        9 TechNet Lib Cmnts               16 TechNet CD Prob Rpt
       15 Gen/Admin                       17 Member Uploads
       16 TechNet CD Prob Rpt

Microsoft WIN32 Forum+         MSWIN32      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Tech Service                 1 MS Info and Index
        3 Far East Win32-beta              3 Far East Win32-beta
        4 API-User/GUI                     4 API-User/GUI
        5 API-Graphics/GDI                 5 API-Graphics/GDI
        6 API-Base/Console                 6 API-Base/Console
        7 API-Security                     7 API-Security
        8 Tools-Win32 SDK                  8 Tools-Win32 SDK
        9 Tools-SCT                        9 Tools-SCT
       10 Tools-MS Test/Setup             10 Tools-MS Test/Setup
       11 Porting-OS/2 & UNIX             11 Porting-OS/2 & UNIX
       12 API-WinNet/RPC                  12 API-WinNet/RPC
       13 Windows NT DDK                  13 Windows NT DDK
       14 API-Win32s                      14 API-Win32s
       15 API-Unicode/NLS                 15 API-Unicode/NLS
       17 Unmonitored Chat                16 Tools-Third Party
                                          17 FAQ Library

Microsoft Win Multimedia Forum+WINMM        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Tech Service                 1 MS Index and Info
        2 MDK                              2 MDK
        4 Video for Windows                4 Video for Windows
        5 Modular Windows SDK              5 Modular Windows SDK
        6 Viewer 2.0                       6 Viewer 2.0 

        7 WinSndSys Dev.                   7 WinSndSys Dev.
       10 Developer Relations             10 Developer Relations

Microsoft Windows SDK Forum+   WINSDK       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Technical                    1 MS Info and Index
        2 USER-Dlgs/Controls               3 Public Utilities
        3 USER-Msgs/Hooks/DDE              4 Training
        4 USER-Menus/MDI                   5 USER
        5 USER-Misc. Topics                6 Common Dialogs
        6 Common Dialogs                   7 Printing
        7 GDI-Printing/Fonts               9 GDI
        8 GDI-BMPs/CURs/ICOs              10 KERNEL-Memory Mgmt.
        9 GDI-Misc. Topics                11 DPMI/TSR
       10 KERNEL-Memory Mgmt.             12 Libraries/DLLs
       11 KERNEL-DPMI/TSR                 13 KERNEL
       12 KERNEL-DLLs                     14 COMM API/Networking
       13 KERNEL-Misc. Topics             16 WinHelp
       14 COMM API/Networking             17 DDK/VxD/Drivers
       16 WinHelp/Tools
       17 DDK/WIN386 Peer Hlp

Microsoft Word Forum+          MSWORD       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non Tech Cust Serv               1 Index and Info
        3 Word Suggestions                 2 Files from PSS
        4 Word Support: Win                4 Word for Windows
        5 Word Support: Mac                5 Word for the Mac
        6 Word Support: DOS                6 Word for DOS
        7 Word Support: OS/2               7 Word for OS/2
       12 Project Worktable
       13 Discuss Word: Win
       14 Discuss Word: Mac
       15 Discuss Word: DOS
       16 Discuss Word: OS/2

Microsoft Workgroup Forum+     MSWRKGRP     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Wrkgrp Non Tech Srv              1 Index and Info
        2 WfW-Setup                        2 WfW-Setup
        3 WfW-Connectivity                 3 WfW-Connectivity
        4 WfW-Shared Resource              4 WfW-Shared Resource
        5 WfW-Wrkgrp Connects              5 WfW-Wrkgrp Connects
        6 WfW-Accessories                  6 WfW-Accessories
        7 WfW-File Manager                 7 WfW-File Manager
       12 MS Mail for PC                  12 MS Mail for PC
       13 PC Mail Gateways                13 PC Mail Gateways
       14 MS Mail for Mac                 14 MS Mail for Mac
       15 MS Schedule+                    15 MS Schedule+
       16 MS Eforms                       16 MS Eforms
       17 MAPI                            17 MAPI

Military Forum+                MILITARY     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Veterans Advocate                2 Veterans Advocate
        3 Vietnam                          3 Vietnam
        4 Recruiting Office                4 Recruiting Office
        5 POW/MIA                          5 POW/MIA
        6 Military History                 6 Military History
        7 Today's US Military              7 Today's US Military
        8 Reunions/Groups                  8 Reunions/Groups
        9 Hot Topics                       9 Hot Topic
       10 Open Mess "Club"                10 Open Mess
       11 Weapon Systems                  11 Weapon Systems
       12 Military Graphics               12 Military Graphics
       13 World Issues                    13 World Issues
       14 Computer Software               14 Computer Software
       15 Vietnam Memorial                15 Vietnam Memorial
       16 Veterans Issues                 16 Veterans Issues
       17 Civil War                       17 Civil War

Model Aviation Forum+          MODELNET     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 RC Flying                        2 RC Flying
        3 RC Helicopters                   3 Club Index
        4 RC Soaring                       4 Hobby Store Index
        5 RC Electric Flight               5 CL & FF Flying
        6 RC Ducted Fan Jets               6 Newsletter Library
        7 RC Cars                          7 RC Cars and Boats
        8 Sport Rocketry                   8 Sport Rocketry
        9 Static Modeling                  9 Static Models
       10 Control Line Flying             10 Sport Flyers Assn.
       11 Free Flight Flying              11 Computer Programs
       12 Chatter                         12 AMA
       13 Aircraft Assns                  13 Contests/Events
       14 Rocketry Assns                  14 CON Archives
       15 Frequencies and FCC             15 Frequencies and FCC
       16 Computers/Software
       17 Boat & Ship Models

Modem Games Forum+             MODEMGAMES   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General/HELP Files
        2 Flight Sims & Games              2 Flight Sims & Games
        3 Submarine/Naval                  3 Submarine/Naval
        4 Tank Sims & Games                4 Tank Sims & Games
        5 Space Sims & Games               5 Space Sims & Games
        6 Strategy/Conquest                6 Strategy/Conquest
        7 Sports/Racing                    7 Sports/Racing
        9 Board/Card Games                 9 Board/Card Games
       10 Arcade Games                    10 Arcade Games
       11 Other Modem Games               11 Other Modem Games
       12 World Community                 12 MTM Lobby Help
       14 EMPIRE Tournament               13 Hardware Help
       15 BBS/Network Games               14 EMPIRE Game Turns
                                          15 BBS/Network Games

Modem Vendor Forum+            MODEMVENDOR  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Supra Corporation                1 Supra Corporation
        2 Boca Research                    2 Boca Research
        3 Global Village Comm              3 Global Village Comm
        4 US Robotics                      4 US Robotics

        5 Telebit                          5 Telebit
        6 Multi-Tech Systems               6 Multi-Tech Systems
        7 PSI Integration                  7 PSI Integration
        8 Zoom                             8 Zoom
        9 Megahertz                        9 Megahertz
       10 Computer Periph.                10 Computer Periph.
       11 The Complete PC                 11 The Complete PC
       12 National Semi.                  12 National Semi.
       13 ZyXEL                           13 ZyXEL

Motor Sports Forum+            RACING       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Racing News/Notes                1 Racing News/Notes
        2 IMSA Series                      2 IMSA Series
        3 NASCAR & Stocks                  3 NASCAR & Stocks
        4 PPG/Indy Cars/Lites              4 PPG/Indy Cars/Lites
        5 SCCA Pro Racing                  5 SCCA Pro Racing
        6 NHRA/IHRA/Drags/LSR              6 NHRA/IHRA/Drags/LSR
        7 SCCA Road Race/Solo              7 SCCA/Road Race/Solo
        8 Oval Track                       8 Oval Track
        9 Rally & Off-Road                 9 Rally & Off-Road
       11 F-1/International               11 International/F-1
       12 Motorcycle Racing               12 Motorcycle Racing
       13 Soap Box/Contests               13 Soap Box/Contests
       14 Motorcycling Topics             14 Motorcycle Topics
       15 The Front Page                  16 Motoring Topics
       16 Motoring Topics

Multi-Player Games Forum+      MPGAMES      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 MegaWars I                       2 MegaWars I
        3 MegaWars III                     3 MegaWars III
        4 IoK/Beginners                    4 IoK/Beginners
        5 IoK/Tales & Replays              5 IoK/Tales & Replays
        6 IoK/Suggestions                  6 IoK/Suggestions
        7 IoK/Techniques                   7 IoK/Techniques
        8 IoK/Town Plaza                   8 IoK/Town Plaza
        9 British Legends                  9 British Legends
       11 YGI!/Fun                        11 YGI!/Fun
       12 YGI!/Tech                       12 YGI!/Tech
       13 Sniper!                         13 Sniper!
       14 Other Games                     14 Other Games
       15 Member of the Month             15 Member of the Month
       16 ECenter                         16 ECenter

Multimedia Conference Forum+   MULTICON     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
                                           2 TBA
                                           3 CD-ROM XA
                                           4 Optimage
                                           5 Optimage (Private)
                                           6 IMA
                                           7 Industries converge
                                           8 Success stories
                                           9 Artists & new media

MultiMedia Forum+              MULTIMEDIA   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General information              1 General information
        2 Interactive video                2 Video and audio
        3 Audio & music                    3 Animation

        4 Modeling/Animation               4 Interface design
        5 Macintosh/Apple II               5 Macintosh/Apple II
        6 Windows/DOS/OS-2                 6 Windows/DOS/OS-2
        7 Hands-on Multimedia              7 Hands-on Multimedia
        8 Photo CD                         8 Other platforms
        9 Education/training               9 Education/training
       10 Presentations                   10 Sales/marketing
       11 Philosophy                      11 Hypertext/Documents
       12 Home systems                    12 Science/Engineering
       13 Games/Entertainment             13 Entertainment
       14 Legal issues                    14 Legal issues
       15 Marketing Your Work             15 Marketing Your Work
       16 I.I.C.S.                        17 CD-I
       17 CD-I

MultiMedia Vendor Forum+       MULTIVEN     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 BCD Associates                   2 BCD Associates
        3 Lenel Systems                    3 Lenel Systems
        4 VideoLogic                       4 VideoLogic
        5 Voyager                          5 Voyager
        6 Truevision                       6 Truevision
        8 Mathematica                      8 Mathematica
        9 nTergaid                         9 nTergaid
       10 HSC Software                    10 HSC Software
       11 Specular Int'l                  11 Specular Int'l
       12 Media Vision                    12 Media Vision
       13 Cognetics                       13 Cognetics
       14 AimTech                         14 AimTech
       15 Asymetrix                       15 Asymetrix
       16 Turtle Beach                    16 Turtle Beach
       17 New Media Graphics              17 New Media Graphics

Music/Arts Forum+              MUSICARTS    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Info/Help                  1 Forum Info/Help
        2 Classical Music                  2 Classical/Opera
        3 The Blues                        3 The Blues
        4 Jazz/Big Bands                   4 Jazz/Big Bands
        5 Shows & Soundtracks              5 Shows & Soundtracks
        6 Drum Corps/Bands                 6 Drum Corps/Bands
        7 Country/Folk                     7 Country/Folk
        8 Pop/Rock                         8 Pop/Rock
        9 Instruments/Sound                9 Instruments/Sound
       10 World/New Age                   10 World/New Age
       11 Adult Alternative               11 Adult Alternative
       12 Learning To Play                12 Learning To Play
       13 The Music Industry              13 The Music Industry
       14 Drama/Religious                 14 Drama/Religious
       15 Rap/Hiphop/Techno               15 Rap/Hiphop/Techno
       16 Opera                           17 Upcoming Events
       17 The Lobby

Music Vendor Forum+            MUSICVEN     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Warner Bros.                     2 Warner Bros. Files
       10 CMC                             10 CMC Files
       16 Fan Clubs                       16 Fan Club News
       17 Feedback

NAIC Investor Education Forum+ NAIC         CIS

       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Using This Forum                 1 Forum Info/Help
        2 About NAIC                       2 About NAIC
        3 Local Happenings                 3 Local Happenings
        4 Club Operations                  4 Club Operations
        5 NAIC CustomerServic              5 Talk to NAIC Office
        6 Individual Stocks                6 Stock Reports
        7 BI Stock to Study                7 Online Clubs
        8 Computer Investing               8 Computer Investing
        9 Community Square                 9 Community Square
       10 NAIC Methods                    10 NAIC Methods
       11 Misc Finance Topics             11 Misc Finance Topics
       12 NAIC Shareware                  12 Investor Shareware
       13 SSG PLUS                        13 SSG Data Files
       14 Mac Investing                   14 MAC Investing
       16 PIONEERS O-L

Navigator Support Forum        NAVSUPPORT   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Forums                           2 Forums
        3 CompuServe Mail                  3 CompuServe Mail
        4 Manual Mode/Scripts              4 Manual Mode/Scripts
        5 Session Parameters               5 Session Parameters
        6 Navigator Tips                   6 Navigator Tips
        7 Suggestions                      7 Suggestions
        8 Problem Reports                  8 Problem Reports
        9 Hardware/Modems                  9 Hardware/Modems
       10 Navigator Faces                 10 Face Files Help
       11 Navigator Patches               11 Navigator Patches

NCR/ATT Forum+                 NCRATT       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 THE INFO SHOP                    1 THE INFO SHOP
        2 WINDOWS NT                       2 WINDOWS NT
        3 DESKTOP COMPUTING                3 DESKTOP COMPUTING

Newton/PIE Forum+              NEWTON       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads                      0 Upload Here
        1 Forum/Gen. Business              1 Help Files
        2 Newton Interface                 2 Hardware Reviews
        3 Names & Dates                    3 Software Reviews
        4 Setting Prefs                    4 PR/New Products
        5 Newton/PIE<->Mac                 5 Newton/PIE<->Mac
        6 Newton/PIE<->PC                  6 Newton/PIE<->PC
        7 Newton/PIE<->Other               7 Newton/PIE<->Other
        8 Newton Software                  8 Newton Packages
        9 Newton Peripherals               9 Newton Developers
       10 Sharp Newtons                   10 Miscellaneous
       11 Community Square                11 SPOTLITE/PocketCall
       12 Future Newtons                  12 Sharp Newton Info
       13 SPOTLITE/PocketCall
       14 Newton Developers
       15 Newton Technology

NeXT Forum+                    NEXTFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 The Corner Pub                   1 Recreation
        2 New to NeXTstep                  2 NeXT/Misc Info
        3 Connectivity                     3 Connectivity
        4 Hot Topics                       4 Utilities
        5 Applications                     5 Applications

        6 Intel Hardware                   6 Hardware/Peripheral
        7 Non-Intel Hardware               7 Programming
        8 NS Programming                   8 Sound
        9 NeXT International               9 Graphics
       16 The Classifieds                 10 Demos
                                          11 Publishing/DTP
                                          12 Lore
                                          13 NeXT Answers

New Age Forum+                 NEWAGE       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info                     1 About NEW AGE FORUM
        2 Community Square                 2 Programs/IBM Compat
        3 Spiritual Growth                 3 Programs/Mac
        4 Men/Women/Family                 4 Programs/Other
        5 East. Philos./Yoga               5 Graphics and Art
        6 Tarot & Oracles                  6 Magazine Connection
        7 Astrology                        7 New Age Books
        8 Esoteric Societies               8 New Age Sciences 
        9 New Age Sciences                 9 New Age Health
       10 Other Voices                    10 Orig. Prose/Poetry
       11 Books/Mags/Music                11 Psychic Abilities
       12 Channeled Thoughts              12 Spiritual Growth
       13 ESP/The Mind/Dreams             13 Tarot/Astrology
       14 Course In Miracles              14 Esoteric Societies
       15 Pagan/Wicca/Magick              15 UFOlogy
       16 UFOlogy/Contacts                16 Wicca/Pagan/Shaman
       17 Diet/Herbs/Health

Novell A Forum+                NOVA         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        2 Async Communic'tns
        3 IBM HostConnections
        4 LAN/LAN Links
        5 NetWare Macintosh
        6 NetWare VMS
        7 Portable NetWare
        8 NW NFS - TCP/IP
        9 LAN WorkPlace/Group
       10 NW Support Encyclp
       11 NMS/LSM/LZFW
       12 AppNotes
       13 UK Topics

Novell B Forum+                NOVB         CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 Servers & Workstn
        2 Backups
        3 Printing
        4 Hard Drives/Cntrl's
        5 K-12 Networking
        6 Product Information
        8 Power Monitoring
        9 Ethernet
       10 Arcnet
       11 Token Ring
       12 Other LAN types
       13 Cabling/Media
       14 New Shells
       15 Windows

Novell C Forum+                NOVC         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:

        1 General Info/Misc               17 NetWare Users Int'l
        2 Upgrades/Migration
        3 Application/Utils
        4 Btrieve/XQL/SQL
        5 Email/MHS/Fax
        6 P'gramming & N'Ware
        7 NetWork Management
        8 Suggestion Box
        9 User Groups/Train'g
       10 OS/2 Requester
       11 VAR/Dealertalk
       12 CNE's
       13 Developers
       14 CNEPA
       15 The Lighter Side
       17 NetWare Users Int'l

Novell Client Forum+           NOVCLIENT    CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 IPX/ODI Issues
        2 NETX Issues
        3 VLM Issues
        4 ODINSUP Issues
        5 NetBios Issues
        6 NetWare & Windows

Novell Connectivity Forum+     NCONNECT     CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 Access Services
        2 NACS
        3 NW for SAA
        4 AS/400 Connectivity
        5 Host Printing
        6 SNA Links
        7 LAN/LAN Links
        8 NetWare Macintosh
        9 NetWare VMS
       10 Portable NetWare
       11 NW NFS-TCP/IP
       12 Email/MHS/FAX
       13 LANwrkplce/Group
       14 Other Conn Issues

Novell Desktop Systems Group+  DRFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 DRDOS/Applications               1 Provisional
        2 DRDOS/Disk                      14 NETWARE NT CLIENT
        3 DRDOS/Memory
        4 DRDOS/Utilities
        5 Customer Service
        6 Programming ?'s
        7 Dataclub
        8 NetWare Lite
        9 Closed See Sect 8
       14 NetWare NT Client

Novell Dev Info Forum+         NDEVINFO     CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 General Business
        2 Btrieve
        3 NetWare SQL
        4 NetWare Client SDK
        5 NetWare Server SDK

        6 Macintosh SDKs
        7 Communication SDKs
        9 Personal NW SDK
       10 AppWare Found. SDK
       11 Lan Workplace SDK
       12 Telephony SDL
       13 Visual AppBuilder

Novell Dev Support Forum+      NDEVSUPPORT  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Business
        2 Btrieve
        3 NetWare SQL
        4 Client SDK
        5 Server SDK
        6 Macintosh SDKs
        7 Communication SDKs
        8 To Be Assigned
        9 Personal NW SDK

Novell Hardware Forum+         NOVHW        CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 Power Monitoring
        2 Token Ring
        3 Ethernet
        4 ARCnet
        5 Backups
        6 Cabling/Media

Novell Information Forum+      NGENERAL     CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 Product Information
        2 Suggestion Box
        3 Application/Utils
        4 User Groups/Train'g
        5 CNE's
        6 CNEPA
        7 NSEPro
        8 AppNotes
        9 NASC Program
       16 Other Information
       17 The Lighter Side

Novell Library Forum+          NOVLIB       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 LIB Questions Only!              1 Novell NEW Uploads
                                           2 General Information
                                           3 NetWare 2.X Specifc
                                           4 NetWare 3.X Specifc
                                           5 Client/Shell Drivrs
                                           6 NetWare Utilities
                                           7 Btrieve/XQL
                                           8 Mac/NFS/MHS/NMS/LWP
                                           9 Comunic'tns Product
                                          10 NetWare Lite
                                          11 Techinfo/IMSP's
                                          12 NDSG/DRDOS
                                          13 Novell AppWare
                                          14 NetWare 4.X

Novell Network Mngmt Forum+    NOVMAN       CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 Network Mngmnt

        2 NetWare Mgmnt Sys
        3 Lantern System Mgr
        4 Lanalyzer for Win
        5 NW for SAA Mngmnt

Novell NetWare 2.X Forum+      NETW2X       CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 Printing
        2 NetWare Utilities
        3 Disk Drives/Cntrls
        4 LAN Cards/Drivers
        5 Closed (See Sect 4)
       14 2.1x & Below/OS
       15 Operating System

Novell NetWare 3.X Forum+      NETW3X       CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 Printing
        2 NetWare Utilities
        3 Dsk Drvs/CDs/Cntrls
        4 LAN Cards/Drivers
        5 Upgrade/Migration
       13 SFT III
       14 NLM/OS/Console Util

Novell Netware 4.X Forum+      NETW4X       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Printing
        2 NetWare Utilities
        3 Dsk Drvs/CDs/Cntrls
        4 LAN Cards/Drivers
        5 Upgrade/Migration
        6 ElectroText/Doc's
        7 Directory Services
        8 Closed See Sect 7
        9 Closed See Sect 5
       10 Closed See Sect 14
       11 Closed See Sect 6
       16 Closed GO NOVOS2

Novell OS/2 Forum+             NOVOS2       CIS
       Message Sections Available:
        1 OS/2 Printing
        2 Client/Server
        3 OS/2 Requester
        4 NSM [OS/2]
        5 NW 4.x for OS/2
        6 GUI Tools
        7 WINOS2/DOS

Novell User Library Forum+     NOVUSER      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 NOVUSER Lib Q&A's                1 New Uploads
        2 Job Postings                     2 Disk Drvs/Patches
        3 Classified                       3 LAN Drivers/Patches
                                           4 Comm Drvs/Patches
                                           5 Host/Unix Dvrs/Ptch
                                           6 Printer Utilities
                                           7 Network (Sys) Utils
                                           8 Client WS Utils
                                           9 Management Tools
                                          10 Text Files/Help
                                          11 Windows Utilities

                                          12 Btrieve/Pgm Utils
                                          13 Virus Detectors
                                          14 General Utilities
                                          17 Classifieds/Jobs

Novell Vendor A Forum+         NVENA        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Folio Corporation                1 Folio Corporation
        2 BindView                         2 BindView
        3 Computer Tyme                    3 Computer Tyme
        4 Infinite Tech.                   4 Infinite Tech.
        5 Dell Computer Corp               5 Dell Computer Corp
        6 AST Research                     6 AST Research
        7 Blue Lance                       7 Blue Lance
        8 Best Power                       8 Best Power
        9 Knozall Systems                  9 Knozall
       10 Notework                        10 Notework
       11 RoseWare                        11 RoseWare
       12 Multi-User DOS                  12 Multi-User DOS
       13 Tricord                         13 Tricord
       15 SynOptics                       15 SynOptics

Novell Vendor B Forum+         NVENB        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Ontrack Data                     1 Ontrack Data
        2 NetWorth

OS-9 Forum+                    OS9          CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Interest                 1 Reference Library
        2 Tutorials                        2 Tutorials
        3 Languages                        3 Languages
        4 MIDI and Music                   4 MIDI and Music
        5 OS9 Users Group                  5 OS9UG PubDom Lib
        6 Applications                     6 Applications
        7 Telecommunications               7 Telecomm
        8 BBS Systems/TSMon                8 BBS Systems/TSMON
        9 Utilities                        9 Utilities
       10 OS9/6809 (CoCo)                 10 OS9/6809 (CoCo)
       11 OS9/6809 (Non-CoCo)             11 OS9/6809
       12 OS9/68000 (OSK)                 12 OS9/68000 (OSK)
       14 misc/info/Soapbox               13 OS9 Vendors
       15 Hot Topics                      14 misc/info/Soapbox
                                          15 Hot Topics

Office Automation Vendr Forum+ OAFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 The Break Room                   1 General Information
        2 E.F. Haskell, Inc.               2 E.F. Haskell, Inc.
        3 XP Systems                       3 XP Systems
        4 ZPAY Payroll                     4 ZPAY Payroll
        5 Dayo Software                    5 Dayo Software
        6 Advanced Support Gr              6 Advanced Support Gr
        7 MicroBiz                         7 MicroBiz
        8 SCALA                            8 SCALA
        9 Franklin Quest                   9 Franklin Quest
       10 ANGOSS                          10 ANGOSS
       11 Open Systems                    11 Open Systems
       14 ZIPKEY zipcodes                 14 ZIPKEY Zipcodes
       15 Accounting                      15 Accounting
       16 Com/Fax/Phone                   16 Com/Fax/Phone
       17 Paperless Office                17 Paperless Office


Oracle Support Forum+          ORACLE       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Mainframe                        2 Mainframe
        3 Minicomputer & UNIX              3 Minicomputer & UNIX
        4 Desktop & Servers                4 Desktop & servers
        5 RDBMS kernel & SQL               5 RDBMS kernel & SQL
        6 Networking                       6 Networking
        7 Oracle Tools                     7 Oracle Tools
        8 Oracle FinMfgHR Aps              8 Oracle FinMfgHR Aps
        9 3GL Interfaces                   9 3GL Interfaces
       10 CASE                            10 CASE
       11 3rd Party Products              11 3rd Party Products
       12 Performance                     12 Performance
       13 User Group/Affinity             13 User Group/Affinity
       14 Hot Topics                      15 Classifieds
       15 Classifieds

Outdoors Forum+                OUTDOORFORUM CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General/Photography
        2 Scouting                         2 Scouting
        3 Power Boating                    3 Power Boating
        4 Outdoor Photography              4 Outdoor Graphics
        5 Fishing                          5 Fishing
        6 Hunting                          6 Hunting
        7 Cycling                          7 Cycling
        8 Birding                          8 Birding
        9 Canoe/Kayak/Raft                 9 Canoe/Kayak/Raft
       10 Camp/Hike/Walk                  10 Camp/Hike/Walk
       11 Snow Sports/Climb               11 Snow Sports/Climb
       12 OWAA                            12 OWAA
       13 CIS/Computers                   13 CIS/Computers
       14 Firearms                        14 Firearms
       15 Gun Politics/SRA                15 Gun Politics/SRA
       16 Trailer/4x4/RV                  16 Trailer/4x4/RV
       17 Naturism/Nudism                 17 Naturism/Nudism

PC Contact Forum+              PCCONTACT    ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Information              0 General/Forum Info.
        1 Letters/Comments                 1 Hot Tips/Secrets
        2 Columns/Opinion                  2 Templates/Macros
        3 NEW!                             3 Utilities/Misc.
        4 Prime Time                       4 Files by Month
        5 Features
        6 HELP
        7 Consumer's Edge
        8 Off The Record

PC MagNet: After Hours Forum+  AFTERHOURS   ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads [A]                  1 General Information
        1 General Info [A]                 2 Science Fiction
        2 Science Fiction [A]              3 Games
        3 Games and Gadgets                5 After Hours
        4 Family Matters                   8 Creative Writing
        5 History                         10 Sports of All Sorts
        6 Books/Publications              11 The Music Library
        7 Film/TV/Video/Radio             12 Philosophers Corner
        8 Travel                          13 Politics
        9 Pets and Animals                14 Science/Technology
       10 Sports of All Sorts
       11 The Environment
       12 Notably Music
       13 Politics [A]
       14 Science/Technology
       16 Special Events

PC MagNet: Editorial Forum+    EDITORIAL    ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads [E]                  1 General Info [E]
        1 General Info [E]                 2 Features - Hardware
        2 Features:H'ware [E]              3 Features - Software
        3 Features:S'ware [E]              4 First Looks
        4 First Looks [E]                  5 Trends
        5 Trends                           6 Viewpoints-Dvorak
        6 Views:Dvorak [E]                 7 Viewpoints-Machrone
        7 Views:Machrone [E]               8 Viewpoints-Seymour
        8 Views:Seymour [E]                9 Special Guests [E]
        9 Special Guests                  10 Viewpoints-Howard
       10 Views:Howard                    11 Viewpoints-Raskin
       11 Views:Raskin                    12 Viewpoints-Miller
       12 Views:Miller                    13 Viewpoints-Dreyfuss
       13 Views:Dreyfuss                  14 Networking Edition
       14 Networking Edition              15 Demos & PR
       15 The Spike! [E]

PC MagNet: Programming Forum+  PROGRAMMING  ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads [P]                  1 General Info [P]
        1 General Info [P]                 2 Utilities Code
        2 Utilities Code                   3 Power Programming
        3 Power Programming                4 Languages
        4 Languages                        5 Lab Notes
        5 Lab Notes                        6 Environments
        6 Environments                     7 Toolkits
        7 Toolkits                         8 Member Uploads
        8 Philosophy Of                    9 PC Tech
        9 PC Tech
       10 The Bit Bucket

PC MagNet: Utilities Forum+    UTILFORUM    ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads [U]                  1 General Info [U]
        1 General Info [U]                 2 PC Mag Utilities
        2 PC Mag Utilities                 3 Tutor
        3 Tutor                            4 User-to-User
        4 User-to-User                     5 Sol: Hardware
        5 Sol: Hardware                    6 Sol: Software
        6 Sol: Software                    7 Sol: Word Proc/DTP
        7 Sol: Word Proc/DTP               8 Sol: Spreadsht/DBMS
        8 Sol: Spreadsht/DBMS              9 Driver Alert

        9 Sol: Networking                 10 Sol: DOS, Win, OS/2
       10 Sol: DOS, Win, OS/2             11 ZNT & CIS Nav Tips
       11 ZNT & CIS Nav Tips              12 PC Mag Archives
       13 PC Labs                         13 PC Labs
       14 Shareware                       14 ASP Shareware Utils
       16 Echo Off                        15 Windows & OS/2 Utls
                                          16 General Utils

PC Magazine UK Forum+          PCMAGUK      ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Reviews & Features               1 Reviews & Features
        2 Talkback: Kewney                 2 Productivity
        3 Talkback: Jackson                3 Databases
        4 Talkback: Malone                 4 Utilities
        5 Talkback: Sanders                5 PC Labs Online
        6 Talkback: Henning
        7 Talkback: Dvorak
        8 ZEUS & ZiffNet
        9 PC Labs Online

PC Plug and Play Forum+        PLUGPLAY     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Plug and Play ISA                2 Plug and Play ISA
        4 DeviceDriver Issues              4 DeviceDriver Issues
        5 Hardware Issues                  5 Hardware Issues
        6 BIOS                             6 BIOS 
        7 SCSI/IDE                         7 SCSI/IDE
        8 PCMCIA                           8 PCMCIA
        9 Mobile                           9 Mobile       
       10 Certification/admin             10 Certification/admin
       11 ISV Issues                      11 ISV Issues

PC Plus/PC Answers Forum+      PCPFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Welcome New Users                1 New Uploads
        2 General/New Uploads              2 Applications
        3 PC PLUS Feedback                 3 Utilities
        4 PC PLUS SuperDisk                4 Programming
        5 PC ANSWERS Feedback              5 Music/Midi
        6 Help!                            6 Communications
        7 Programming                      7 Windows
        8 Shareware                        8 SuperDisk
        9 Communications                   9 Graphics
       10 Leisure                         10 Games
       11 Product Shopping                11 Magazine Articles
       12 Classifieds

PC Vendor A Forum+             PCVENA       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 ButtonWare                       1 ButtonWare
        2 Mansfield Software               2 Mansfield Software
        3 Enable Software                  3 Enable Software
        4 Saber Software                   4 Saber Software
        6 Magee Enterprises                6 Magee Enterprises
        7 Custom Technologies              7 Custom Technologies
        8 Qualitas                         8 Qualitas
        9 Mustang Software                 9 Mustang Software
       10 Northgate                       10 Northgate
       11 Quercus Systems                 11 Quercus Systems
       12 Ctrlalt Associates              12 Ctrlalt Associates
       13 Foresight Corp.                 13 Foresight Corp.
       14 PC-Kwik Corp.                   14 PC-Kwik Corp.

       15 DeScribe                        15 DeScribe

PC Vendor B Forum+             PCVENB       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Powercore, Inc                   1 Powercore, Inc
        2 Primavera Systems                2 Primavera Systems
        3 Korenthal Assocs.                3 Korenthal Assocs.
        4 Personics Corp.                  4 Personics Corp.
        5 Quicksoft                        5 Quicksoft
        6 TurboPower Software              6 TurboPower Software
        7 ChipSoft, Inc.                   7 ChipSoft, Inc.
        8 DacEasy                          8 DacEasy
        9 PRO-C Corporation                9 PRO-C Corporation
       10 JP Software                     10 JP Software
       11 PDC Prolog                      11 PDC Prolog
       12 PowerBASIC                      12 PowerBASIC
       13 HyperWare/FHT                   13 HyperWare/FHT
       14 Advanced Gravis                 14 Advanced Gravis
       15 INMAGIC                         15 INMAGIC
       16 Greenleaf Software              16 Greenleaf Software

PC Vendor C Forum+             PCVENC       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Interactive Image                1 Interactive Image
        2 Vericomp                         2 Vericomp
        3 NetFRAME Systems                 3 NetFRAME Systems
        4 Rhintek                          4 Rhintek
        5 Hooper Intl.                     5 Hooper Intl.
        6 Innovative Data                  6 Innovative Data
        7 Wordtech Systems                 7 Wordtech Systems
        8 Parsons Technology               8 Parsons Technology
       10 Rupp Corporation                10 Rupp Corporation
       11 PKWare                          11 PKWare
       12 M-USA                           12 M-USA
       14 Network General                 14 Network General
       15 Beyond, Inc                     15 Beyond, Inc

PC Vendor D Forum+             PCVEND       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Above Software                   1 Above Software
        2 Legato Systems                   2 Legato Systems
        3 Brightwork Dev.                  3 Brightwork Dev. 
        4 Tech III                         4 TECH III
        5 Micropolis Corp.                 5 Micropolis Corp.
        6 Cumulus Corp                     6 Cumulus Corp
        7 CSI                              7 CSI
        8 TIMESLIPS Corp.                  8 TIMESLIPS Corp.
        9 Hyperkinetix                     9 Hyperkinetix
       10 Magma Systems                   10 Magma Systems
       11 GammaLink                       11 GammaLink
       12 Procom Technology               12 Procom Technology
       13 CTJ                             13 CTJ
       14 Pacific Data Prod.              14 Pacific Data Prod.
       15 BLOC Publishing                 15 BLOC Publishing

PC Vendor E Forum+             PCVENE       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 TurboPower C++                   1 TurboPower C++
        2 XTree Company                    2 XTree Company
        3 Iomega Corp.                     3 Iomega Corp.
        4 Farallon Computing               4 Farallon Computing
        5 Zeos                             5 Zeos
        6 SemWare                          6 SemWare

        8 American Power                   8 American Power
        9 Eiffel                           9 Eiffel
       11 American Cybernet               11 American Cybernet
       12 AddStor, Inc.                   12 AddStor, Inc.
       14 DSI Software Sys                14 DSI Software Sys
       15 Alpha Software                  15 Alpha Software
       16 Hyundai                         16 Hyundai

PC Vendor F Forum+             PCVENF       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Acer America                     1 Acer America
        2 Storage Dimensions               2 Storage Dimensions
        3 Pure Data, Ltd.                  3 Pure Data, Ltd.
        4 Hilgraeve                        4 Hilgraeve
        5 Willies Computer SW              5 Willies Computer SW
        6 Universal Data Comm              6 Universal Data Comm
        7 Funk Software                    7 Funk Software
        8 MIP Fund Accounting              8 MIP Fund Accounting
        9 Command Software                 9 Command Software
       10 Peachtree Software              10 Peachtree Software
       11 Dvorak Development              11 Dvorak Development
       12 PCMCIA                          12 PCMCIA
       13 Infinite Tech.                  13 Infinite Tech.
       14 Avery Dennison                  14 Avery Dennison
       15 Faircom Corp.                   15 Faircom Corp.
       16 TRIUS                           16 TRIUS

PC Vendor G Forum+             PCVENG       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 PC Brand                         1 PC Brand
        2 Pinnacle Publishing              2 Pinnacle Publishing
        3 Mitchell & Gauthier              3 Mitchell & Gauthier
        4 SofNet                           4 SofNet
        5 Brown Bag Software               5 Brown Bag Software
        6 Reach Software                   6 Reach Software
        7 Magic Software                   7 Magic Software
        8 Futurus Corporation              8 Futurus Corporation
        9 Cheyenne Software                9 Cheyenne Software
       10 IdentiTech                      10 IdentiTech
       11 Vertisoft                       11 Vertisoft
       12 SunDisk                         12 SunDisk
       13 Helix Software                  13 Helix Software
       14 Cogent Data Tech.               14 Cogent Data Tech.
       15 Swan Technologies               15 Swan Technologies
       16 Madge Networks Ltd.             16 Madge Networks Ltd.
       17 ALR                             17 ALR

PC Vendor H Forum+             PCVENH       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Object Design                    1 Object Design
        2 IQ Technologies                  2 IQ Technologies
        3 Lahey Computer Sys.              3 Lahey Computer Sys.
        4 Reality Tech.                    4 Reality Tech.
        5 WATCOM                           5 WATCOM
        6 ReferencePoint                   6 ReferencePoint
        7 Micro Focus                      7 Micro Focus
        8 Micronetics Design               8 Micronetics Design
        9 Xircom                           9 Xircom
       10 Strategic Mapping               10 Strategic Mapping
       11 PCI SIG                         11 PCI SIG
       12 Landmark Research               12 Landmark Research
       13 Performance Tech                13 Performance Tech
       14 ALCOM                           14 ALCOM

       15 Datapoint                       15 Datapoint
       16 RTA ltd.                        16 RTA ltd.

PC Vendor I Forum+             PCVENI       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Expert Choice                    1 Expert Choice
        2 Pocket Soft                      2 Pocket Soft
        4 Future Trends SW                 4 Future Trends SW
        5 Greenview Data                   5 Greenview Data
        6 Sytron Corporation               6 Sytron Corp
        7 Allied Telesis                   7 Allied Telesis
        9 Kingston Technology              9 Kingston Technology
       13 Norton-Lambert                  13 Norton-Lambert
       14 Sealevel Systems                14 Sealevel Systems

PC World Forum+                PWOFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        2 Forum Help                       2 Featured this Month
        3 Ask Our Editors                  3 Featured in 1993
        4 Lotus Edition                    4 Lotus Edition
        5 Consumer Watch                   5 Top Shareware
        6 Shareware Help                   6 Windows
        7 Hardware                         7 Windows Games
        8 Software                         8 Test Drives
        9 Operating Systems                9 Multimedia
       10 Multimedia                      10 Essential Utilities
       11 Lans 'n Wans                    11 DOS Games
       12 User Groups                     12 Alternative OS's
       13 File Requests                   13 Magazine Indices
       14 The Lounge                      14 Comm. and BBS
       15 Suggestion Box                  15 Graphics
       16 Real Prob./Solution             16 Word Processing
       17 Issue Feedback                  17 Demo Disks

PC Week: Corp. Buyers' Forum+  PCWEEK       ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Help
        2 Hardware Issues                  2 Benchmark/Perform
        3 Software Issues                  3 Spencer's Attic
        4 Networking                       4 Buyer's Guides
        5 Sys Software/Tools               5 Shoot-outs
        6 Servers & Databases              8 Management
        7 Operating Systems               10 Hot News
        8 Management
        9 Letters to Editors
       10 Spencer F. Katt
       11 Hot News!
       12 PC Week Labs
       13 SCADA
       15 Sidebar

PDP-11 Forum+                  PDP11        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General                          0 General
        1 RT11 Sys Software                1 RT11 Sys Software
        2 RT11 Applications                2 RT11 Applications
        3 RSX Software                     3 RSX Software
        4 TSX Software                     4 TSX Software
        5 Unix/C                           5 Unix/C
        6 Terminal Programs                6 Terminal Programs
        7 Hardware Hints                   7 Hardware Hints
        8 Pro-300 Series                   8 Pro-300 Series
        9 Other Op/Systems                 9 Other Op/Systems

       11 For Sale & Wanted               11 For Sale & Wanted
       12 TSX-32

PR & Marketing Forum+          PRSIG        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 INTRODUCTIONS                    0 INTRODUCTIONS
        1 ON YOUR OWN                      1 ON YOUR OWN
        2 CREATIVE MATTERS                 2 CREATIVE SPACE
        3 DTP/PUBLICATIONS                 3 DTP/PUBLICATIONS
        4 THE SPIN DOCTORS                 4 THE SPIN DOCTORS
        5 MY TECH PR                       5 MY TECH PR
        6 ELECTRONIC SEMINARS              6 ELECTRONIC SEMINARS
        7 MARKETING/AMA                    7 MARKETING/AMA
        8 IABC/PR BOOKSHELF                8 IABC/PR BOOKSHELF
        9 ONLINE NEWSLETTERS               9 ONLINE NEWSLETTERS
       10 INTERNATIONAL                   10 INTELNET
       12 PRL:JOBS ONLINE                 12 PRL:JOBS ONLINE
       13 ADVERTISING/D-M                 13 ADVERTISING/D-M
       14 RESEARCH                        14 RESEARCH
       15 PRSA/BUSINESS/EDUC              15 PRSA/BUSINESS/EDUC
       17 MEDIA/CRISIS COMM               17 MEDIA/CRISIS COMM

Pacific Vendor Forum+          PACVENDOR    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Netcomm                          1 Netcomm
        2 Maestro                          2 Maestro
        3 Banksia                          3 Banksia
        4 SoundBlaster                     4 SoundBlaster
        5 Fujitsu Peripherals              5 Fujitsu Peripherals
        6 Reckon Software                  6 Reckon Software
        7 WizardWorks                      7 WizardWorks
        8 Manaccom                         8 Manaccom
        9 NetworkWorld                     9 NetworkWorld
       10 Sealcorp                        10 Sealcorp
       11 FutureWave/Banyan               11 FutureWave/Banyan
       13 SystemBuilder                   13 SystemBuilder

Packard Bell Forum+            PACKARDBELL  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info                     1 General Info
        2 Technical Support                2 Mouse Drivers
                                           3 Video Card Drivers
                                           4 Hard Disk Utilities
                                           5 Virus Scan/Clean 
                                           6 EMS Drivers
                                           7 Shareware Utilities
                                           8 Microsoft Windows
                                           9 TSIB's
                                          10 Setup Files & Info
                                          11 Upload Library
                                          12 Oak VGA drivers
                                          13 Multimedia
                                          14 Service Centers

Palmtop Forum+                 PALMTOP      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 General/Help Files
        2 Poqet Computers                  2 Poqet Computers
        3 Sharp Wizard                     3 Sharp Wizard
        4 Casio B.O.S.S.                   4 Casio B.O.S.S.
        5 Traveling Software               5 Traveling Software
        6 Databook                         6 Databook
        7 Psion Inc.                       7 Psion Inc.

        8 Sharp PC-3000                    9 Sharp NEWTONs
        9 Sharp NEWTONs                   10 Casio Z-7000 PDA
       10 CASIO Z-7000 PDA                11 Programming Tools
       11 Other PDAs/Palmtops             12 Storage/File Utils.
       12 Storage Devices                 13 Communications
       13 Modems/Peripherals              14 S'ware Applications
       14 Software Applic.                15 News/Reviews/Shows
       15 News/Reviews/Shows              17 Miscellaneous
       17 Community Square

Pen Technology Forum+          PENFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 General/Help Info
        2 CIC                              2 CIC
        3 Slate Corp.                      3 Slate Corp.
        4 EO Corp.                         5 PenRight! (GRiD)
        5 PenRight! (GRiD)                 6 GO Corp.
        6 GO Corp.                         7 PenWorld
        7 PenWorld                         8 PDA Developers
        8 PDA Developers                  13 New Product Ann.
        9 Desktop Pen Systems             14 Utilities/Apps
       11 TBA                             15 Demo programs
       12 Win4Pen (unoffl)                16 News/Reviews/Shows
       13 Communications                  17 Miscellaneous
       14 Other Pen Hardware
       15 Other Pen Software
       16 News/Reviews/Shows
       17 Community Square

Pers.Comp.Mag Europe Forum+    PCMFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Algemeen                         1 Algemeen
        2 Hardware                         2 Redactie PCM
        3 Software                         3 PCM Praktijk
        4 Redactie PCM                     4 Demo's
        5 PCM Praktijk                     5 Shareware
                                           6 Pret en plezier

Pets/Animal Forum+             PETS         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 PETS Forum Info                  1 PETS Forum Info
        3 Dogs' World                      2 Veterinary
        4 Cat's Meow                       3 Dog Library
        5 Caged Birds                      4 Cat Library
        6 Reptiles/Exotic                  5 Caged Bird Library
        7 Ask-A-Vet                        6 Reptiles/Exotic
        8 Horse Keeping                    7 Software/Programs
        9 Cat Breeders World               8 Horse Library
       10 The Support Group                9 Pet Products
       11 Small Mammals                   10 Support Library
       12 Horse Training                  11 Small Mammals
       13 The Watering Hole               12 Graphics Library
       14 Issues/News/Laws                13 Community Library
       15 Livestock                       14 News/Issues/Laws
       16 NAIA                            15 Livestock Library
                                          16 NAIA Library

Photography Forum+             PHOTOFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Help/Uploads!              1 General Forum/Help
        2 Photo News & Issues              2 Cameras & Lenses
        3 35mm Cameras                     3 Tips/Amateur & Pro
        4 Medium/Large Format              4 Flash/Tripods/Etc

        5 Kodak's Photo CD                 5 Digital Imaging
        6 Tripod/Flash/Gear                6 GIF/People/Kids
        7 Shooting Techniques              7 GIF/Nature/Wildlife
        8 Darkroom Tools                   8 GIF/Manmade Things
        9 COLOR Process/Print              9 GIF/The Human Form
       10 B&W   Process/Print             10 B&W Film/Process
       11 Misc Photo/Location             11 Color Film/Process
       12 Business & Stock                12 Business/Stock
       14 Digital Imaging                 13 Darkroom/Printing
       15 PHOTO Swap Meet                 14 Miscellaneous
       16 About Photo <-NOT!              15 Utilities/GIF/ARC
                                          16 Photo Software

Play-By-Mail Games Forum+      PBMGAMES     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 SF Games/Open-End                2 SF Games/Open-End
        3 SF Games/Closed-End              3 SF Games/Closed-End
        4 Role-Playing Games               4 Role-Playing Games
        5 Fantasy Games                    5 Fantasy Games
        6 Other PBM Games                  6 Other PBM Games
        7 Diplomacy/Games                  7 Diplomacy/Games
        8 Diplomacy/War Room               8 Diplomacy/War Room
        9 Rail Games                       9 Rail Games
       10 Board/Card Games                10 Board/Card Games
       11 Board Wargames                  11 Board Wargames
       12 Miniatures                      12 Miniatures
       14 PBM Magazines                   14 PBM Magazines
       15 PBM Vendors                     15 PBM Vendors

Political Debate Forum+        POLITICS     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 We the People                    1 We the People
        2 Republican Debate                2 Republican Debate
        3 Democratic Debate                3 Democratic Debate
        4 Health Care                      4 Health Care
        5 UWSA Debate                      5 UWSA Debate
        6 League/Women Voters              6 League/Women Voters
        7 Defense/Peace                    7 Defense/Peace
        8 Conspiracy Theories              8 Conspiracy Theories
        9 Economy/Trade/Budgt              9 Economy/Trade/Budgt
       10 Individual Liberty              10 Individual Liberty
       11 Libertarian Debate              11 Libertarian Debate
       12 Empower America                 12 Empower America
       13 Education                       13 Education
       14 Common Cause                    14 Common Cause
       15 Federal Courts/Law              15 Federal Courts/Law
       16 The Congress                    16 The Congress
       17 Coventry                        17 Coventry

Portable Programming Forum+    CODEPORT     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Getting Started                  1 Forum Help & Info.
        2 Modula-2                         2 Modula-2
        3 Modula-3 & Oberon                3 Modula-3 & Oberon
        4 Pascal                           4 Pascal
        5 ADA                              5 ADA
        7 APL                              7 APL
        8 IBM Specific                     8 IBM Specific
        9 C Language                       9 C Language
       10 OOP Study Group                 10 OOP Study Group
       11 ISO Modula-2                    11 ISO Modula-2
       12 Renaissance Designr             12 Renaissance Designr

       13 -                               13 -
       14 The Back Porch                  14 Everything Else

Powersoft Forum+               POWERSOFT    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 PowerBuilder                     2 PowerBuilder
        3 PowerMaker                       3 PowerMaker
        4 PowerViewer                      4 PowerViewer
        5 Customer Services                5 Customer Services
        6 RDBMS & SQL                      6 RDBMS & SQL
        7 3rd Party Products               7 3rd Party Products
        8 User Groups                      8 User Groups

Practical Peripherals Forum+   PPIFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info & Help              1 General Info & Help
        2 Low-Speed Modems                 2 Communications
        3 High-Speed Modems                3 General Utilities
        4 Pocket Modems                    4 Print Buffer Files
        5 FAX Modems                       5 Learning Center
        6 Non-IBM Comm Q&A                 6 Product Info
        7 Printer Buffers Q&A
        8 Town Square

Practice Forum (FREE)          PRACTICE     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 Forum Help & Info
        2 Composing Messages               2 Forum Scripts/Pgms
        3 Reading Messages                 3 New Library Info
        4 Using the Libraries
        5 How to Conference
        6 Using Mem Directory
        7 User Options Menu
        8 UST/SEND/WHO/ULOG
        9 EDIT/LINEDIT Q & A
       10 Other Forum Feature
       11 My "TEST" Message
       12 International
       13 Referrals
       14 New Messages SW

Prentice-Hall Forum+           PHCP         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Section                  1 General Library
        2 Que-Word Proc+DTP                2 Que-Word Proc+DTP
        3 Que-Database+SprdSH              3 Que-DataBase+SprdSh
        4 Que-OpSys+Net+CAD                4 Que-OpSys+Net+CAD
        5 Que-Programming                  5 Que-Programming
        6 Que-Grphcs+Util+MAC              6 Que-Grphcs+Util+MAC
        7 Sams-ProgLang+DataB              7 Sams-ProgLang+DataB
        8 Sams-Op Sys+Network              8 Sams-Op Sys+Network
        9 Sams-New Tech+Other              9 Sams-New Tech+Other
       10 NRP-CAD+Graphics                10 NRP-CAD+Graphics
       11 NRP-Net+OpSys+Other             11 NRP-NET+OpSys+Other
       12 NRP-WIN+Databases               12 NRP-WIN+Databases
       13 Hayden B & Adobe P              13 Hayden B & Adobe P
       14 Alpha Books                     14 Alpha Books
       15 Brady Publishing                15 Brady Publishing
       16 Que Software                    16 Que Software
       17 Paramount Intractve             17 Paramount Intractve

Prisma Deutschland Forum+      PRISMA       CIS

       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Sonstiges                        1 Sonstiges
        2 Neue Uploads                     2 Neue Uploads
        3 Mac Claris Support               3 Mac Claris Support
        4 Mac Client/Server                4 Mac Client/Server
        5 Mac Office Software              5 Mac Office Software
        6 Mac Publishing                   6 Mac Publishing
        7 Mac Netzwerke N&C                7 Mac Netzwerke N&C
        8 Mac Hardware                     8 Mac Hardware

Public Brand Software AppForum+PBSAPPS      ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads                      1 Hot Off The Presses
        1 General Info                     2 Top Ten Apps
        2 Find A Program                   3 DOS Utilities
        3 Ask Public Brand                 4 Windows Utilities
        4 ASP Discussions                  5 Desktop Tools
        5 Author Support                   6 DOS Applications
        6 The Blank Disk                   7 Window Applications
        7 Shareware Seminar                8 Graphics
                                           9 Business/Finance
                                          10 Vertical Markets
                                          11 OS/2
                                          12 Communication
                                          17 PBS Information

Public Brand Software Arcade+  PBSARCADE    ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Uploads                      1 Hot Off the Presses
        1 General Information              2 Top Ten Entertain
        2 Find A Program                   3 DOS Games
        3 Ask Public Brand                 4 Windows Games
        4 ASP Discussions                  5 Home/Hobby
        5 Author Support                   6 Education
       10 The Blank Disk                   7 Data
                                           8 Addins/Tools
                                           9 Engineering/Math
                                          10 Programming
                                          17 PBS Information

Quarterdeck Support Forum+     QUARTERDECK  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Product Information              1 New Uploads
        2 Memory Management                2 Technical Notes
        3 DESQview                         3 Patches/Programs
        4 DESQview/X                       4 User Submissions
        5 Beginner's Qorner                5 Graphic Images
        6 The PoopDEQ                      6 DV/X & X Programs
        7 Suggestion Box
        8 Customer Service
        9 API/Programming

Quick Pictures Forum+          QPICS        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Images                       1 New Images
        2 General Discussion               2 Last Month's Images
        3 Hall of Fame                     3 Hall of Fame
        4 Cars-Boats-Planes                4 Cars-Boats-Planes
        5 Missing Children                 5 Missing Children
        6 Animal Kingdom                   6 Animal Kingdom
        7 World of Nature                  7 World of Nature
        8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi                 8 Fantasy & Sci-Fi
        9 Cartoons & Comics                9 Cartoons & Comics
       10 DTP & Clipart                   10 DTP & Clipart
       11 Landmarks                       11 Landmarks
       12 Logos-Promos-Maps               12 Logos-Promos-Maps
       13 Potpourri                       13 Potpourri
       14 People & Portraits              14 People & Portraits
       15 Plain Brown Wrapper             15 Plain Brown Wrapper
       16 Text, ANSI, NAPLPS              16 Text, ANSI, NAPLPS
       17 RIP Art Studio                  17 RIP Art Studio

Religion Forum+                RELIGION     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Topics                   1 General Topics
        2 Christianity                     2 Christianity
        3 Judaism                          3 Judaism
        4 Eastern Religions                4 Eastern Religions
        5 Islam                            5 Islam
        6 Interfaith Dialog                6 Interfaith Dialog
        7 Limbo                            7 Limbo
        8 Pagan, Occult                    8 Pagan, Occult
        9 Scholarship                      9 Scholarship
       10 Religion & Science              10 Religion & Science
       11 Catholic & Orthodox             11 Catholic & Orthodox
       12 Rel, World Affairs              12 Rel, World Affairs
       13 Latter-Day Saints               13 Latter-Day Saints
       14 Free Thought                    14 Free Thought
       15 Ethics & Debates                15 Ethics & Debates
       16 Baha'i                          16 Baha'i
       17 Youth Line                      17 Youth Line

Reuter News Pictures Forum+    NEWSPIX      CIS
                                          Libraries Available:
                                           2 United States GIFs
                                           3 World GIFs
                                           4 Canada GIFs
                                           5 Washington DC GIFs
                                           6 Sports GIFs
                                           7 Bettmann GIFs
                                           8 United States JPEGs
                                           9 World JPEGs
                                          10 Canada JPEGs
                                          11 Washington DC JPEGs
                                          12 Sports JPEGs
                                          13 Bettmann JPEGs
                                          14 Utility Programs

Revelation Tech Forum+         REVELATION   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 New Users                        1 Open-Library
        2 Hot Topics                       2 Sysop Common Area
        3 AREV R/Basic                     3 Update\Maint. Rel
        4 AREV Design                      4 Press Releases
        7 Networks/Bonds/OS                5 Tech. Bulletins

        8 Upgrade Issues                   6 Window (Arev)
        9 RevTI Direct                     7 Reporting (Arev)
       10 International Dev                8 Misc. Util (Arev)
       11 MVA / Migration                  9 Misc. Op. System
       12 Revelation G                    10 C \ Assembly 
       13 Person to Person                11 Revelation G2B
                                          12 Developer's Area

RockNet Forum+                 ROCKNET      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General/Misc.                    0 General Misc
        1 Rock Music                       1 Rock Music
        2 Rock Radio                       2 Rock Radio
        3 Reviews/LK                       3 Reviews
        4 Q&A/Help                         4 Q&A/Help
        5 Rock Film & Video                5 Rock Film & Video
        6 RockLetters/TATU                 6 RockLetters
        7 The Dead                         7 The Dead
        8 Heavy Metal                      8 Heavy Metal
        9 Vintage Rock                     9 Old Wave
       10 RaveNet!                        10 New Music
       11 New Music                       11 Compact Discs
       12 Village Green                   12 Graphics/Programs
       13 Racer Records                   13 Racer Records

Role-Playing Games Forum+      RPGAMES      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 AD&D                             2 AD&D
        3 Fantasy                          3 Fantasy
        4 SF/Near Future                   4 SF/Near Future
        5 SF/Far Future                    5 SF/Far Future
        6 Heroes                           6 Heroes
        7 Horror/Occult                    7 Horror/Occult
        8 Other RPGs                       8 Other RPGs
        9 Cross-Genre RPGs                 9 Cross-Genre RPGs
       10 GameMastering                   10 GameMastering
       11 Playing/Recruitment             11 Playing/Recruitment
       12 RPG Publishers                  12 RPG Publishers
       13 Fiction & RPGs                  13 Fiction & RPGs
       14 The Crossroads                  14 The Crossroads

Rotarians Online Forum+        ROTARY       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Interest                 1 General Interest
        2 What's Happening                 3 ICUFR at Large
        3 ICUFR at Large                   4 Special Projects
        4 Special Projects                 5 Rotary at Large
        5 Rotary at Large                  6 Club Service
        6 Club Service                     7 Vocational Service
        7 Vocational Service               8 Community Service
        8 Community Service                9 Int'l Service
        9 Int'l Service                   10 Rotary Foundation
       10 Rotary Foundation               11 Computers & Rotary
       11 Computers & Rotary              12 Rotary Graphics
       12 Soapbox/Hot Topic
       13 Friends and Fun

Safetynet Forum+               SAFETY       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 GENERAL INTEREST                 0 GIF/GRAPHICS
        2 ASK AN EXPERT                    1 GENERAL INTEREST
        3 SAFETY                           2 ASK AN EXPERT

        4 SYSTEM SAFETY                    3 SAFETY
        5 TRANSP. SAFETY                   4 SYSTEM SAFETY
        6 FIRE                             5 TRANSP. SAFETY
        7 EMS                              6 FIRE
        8 POLICE CHATTER                   7 EMS
        9 POLICE BUSINESS                  8 POLICE CHATTER
       11 SECURITY INDUSTRY                9 POLICE BUSINESS
       12 ASSOCIATIONS                    11 PRIVATE SECURITY
       13 COMPUTER APPS/SECUR             12 ASSOCIATIONS
       14 AIHA/ACGIH                      13 COMPUTER APPLICAT.
       15 INDUST. HYGIENE                 14 AIHA/ACGIH
       16 CONSTRUCTION H & S              15 IND. HYGIENE
       17 NON-BUSINESS                    16 CONSTRUCTION H&S
                                          17 NON-BUSINESS

Sailing Forum+                 SAILING      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Seamanship & Safety              2 Seamanship & Safety
        3 Navigation Station               3 Navigation Station
        4 Cruising Grounds                 4 Cruising Grounds
        5 Racing & Regattas                5 Racing & Regattas
        6 Outfitting & Gear                6 Outfitting & Gear
        7 Monohulls                        7 Monohulls
        8 Multihulls                       8 Multihulls
        9 Windsurfing                      9 Windsurfing
       10 BOC Oceanwatch                  10 BOC Oceanwatch
       11 America's Cup                   11 America's Cup
       12 US SAILING                      12 US Sailing (USYRU)
       13 Blue Water Records              13 Blue Water Records
       14 Living Aboard                   14 Living Aboard
       15 Mariner's Lounge                15 Ship's Store
       17 Whitbread Race                  17 Whitbread Race

Santa Cruz Operation Forum+    SCOFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          0 Games
        2 SCO Open Desktop                 1 General
        3 SCO UNIX Systems                 2 SCO Open Desktop
        4 SCO XENIX Systems                3 SCO UNIX Systems
        5 SCO TCP/IP                       4 SCO XENIX Systems
        6 SCO NFS                          5 SCO TCP/IP
        7 SCO MPX                          6 SCO NFS
        8 LAN Mgr for UNIX                 7 SCO MPX
        9 SCO Merge                        8 Lan Mgr for UNIX
       10 SCO Xsight                       9 SCO Merge
       11 MultiView Desktop               10 SCO Xsight
       12 Development Systems             11 MultiView Desktop
       13 Applications                    12 Development Systems
                                          14 IT
                                          15 sosco

Science/Math Education Forum+  SCIENCE      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Student Area                     0 Student Area
        1 Voyage of The Mimi               1 Voyage of The Mimi
        2 Physics                          2 Physics
        3 Chemistry                        3 Chemistry
        4 Biology                          4 Biology
        5 Mathematics                      5 Mathematics
        6 Commodore Science                6 Commodore Science
        7 Apple Science                    7 Apple Science
        8 Tandy/IBM Science                8 Tandy/IBM Science

        9 Teachers Only Area               9 Teachers Only Area
       10 SPECULATIVE SCIENCE             10 SPECULATIVE SCIENCE
       11 General Science                 11 General Messages
       12 Geology                         12 Geology/Earth Sci
       13 SYSOP ONLY                      13 SYSOPS ONLY
       15 New Uploads                     15 New Uploads
       16 The Cosmos                      16 The Cosmos

ScienceFiction &Fantasy Forum+ SCI-FI       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General CIS Info                 1 General Forum Info
        2 Star Trek                        2 Star Trek
        3 SF Literature                    3 SF Literature
        4 Fantasy Literature               4 Fantasy Literature
        5 Publishers' Corner               5 Publishers' Corner
        6 Science Fact                     6 Science Fact
        7 The Con Suite                    7 ConSuite/PicGallery
        8 McCaffrey's Pern-TM              8 McCaffrey's Pern/TM
        9 SF/Fantasy Film                  9 SF/Fantasy Film
       10 SF/Fantasy TV                   10 SF/Fantasy TV
       11 British Media SF                11 British Media SF
       13 Soc. Creat. Anach.              12 CO Transcripts
       14 Writing SF/Fantasy              13 Soc. Creat. Anach.
       15 Writing Workshop                14 Fiction/Working Mss
       16 Conventions/Fandom              15 Writing Workshop
                                          16 Conventions/Fandom

Scuba Forum+                   DIVING       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Non Diving and Help              0 NEW UPLOADS GO HERE
        1 General Scuba                    1 General Scuba
        2 U.S.Dive Sites                   2 U.S.Dive Sites
        3 Non-U.S.Diving                   3 Non U.S.Diving
        4 Manufacturers\Mags               4 Manufacturers\Mags
        5 Scuba Equipment                  5 SCUBA Equipment
        6 Cave\Wreck\Cavern                6 Cave\Wreck\Cavern
        7 U.W. Photo & Video               7 U.W. Photo & Video
        8 Agencies\Education               8 Agencies\Education
        9 Careers\Commercial               9 Careers\Commercial
       10 Events & Clubs                  10 Events & Clubs
       11 Diving Medicine                 11 DAN/Diving Medicine
       12 Technical Diving                12 Technical Diving
       13 Snorkeling                      13 Snorkeling
       14 "I Need A Buddy..."             14 Pics & Graphics
       15 Equipment Mart                  15 Software!
       16 Access Requested                16 Experiences\Stories

Seniors Forum+                 SENIORS      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Help & Info              1 General Help & Info
        2 Retiring & Soc Sec               2 Retiring & Soc Sec
        3 Community Lounge                 3 Community Lounge
        4 Memories/Old & New               4 Memories/Old & New
        5 Opinions                         5 Opinions
        6 Health/Medicare                  6 Health/Medicare
        7 Government & Laws                7 Government & Laws
        8 Eldercare                        8 Eldercare
        9 Going and Doing                  9 Going and Doing
       10 GIF/Graphics/Images             10 GIF/Graphics/Images
       11 Grieving Loved Ones             11 Grieving Loved Ones
       12 Computer/SW Issues              12 Computer/SW Issues
       13 Amusements & Games              13 Amusements & Games
       14 Corporate Retirees

       15 For Our "Boomers"
       16 Hobbies
       17 "Grandparenting"

ShowBiz Forum+                 SHOWBIZ      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Information                1 Forum Information
        2 New/Recent Films                 2 New/Recent Films
        3 Older/Classic Films              3 Older/Classic Films
        4 Television                       4 Television
        5 Celebrities                      5 Celebrities
        6 Showbizness                      6 Hollywood Online
        7 The Green Room                   7 The Green Room
        8 Ask Roger Ebert                  8 B/W GIF Photos
        9 Soap Operas                      9 Color GIF Photos
       10 Music/Radio                     10 Radio/Music
       11 Theater/Stage                   11 Theater/Stage
       12 TV/Film Production              12 TV/Film Production
       13 Comedy                          13 Comedy
       14 Showbiz Software                14 Showbiz Software
       15 Screenwriting                   15 Screenwriting
       16 Trivia Q&As                     16 Trivia Q&As

Siemens Auomatisierungs Forum+ AUTFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Allgem. / General                1 Neue Dat./New files
        2 SIMATIC                          2 Allgemein / General
        3 IndustriePC                      3 SIMATIC
        4 Ausr.Sondermasch.                4 IndustriePC
        5 Dokumentation                    5 Ausr.Sondermasch.
        6 Training/CBT                     6 Dokumentation
        7 COROS                            7 Training / CBT
        8 SINEC                            8 COROS
                                           9 SINEC

Sight & Sound Forum+           SSFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 New Uploads
        2 Animation                        2 Sight+Sound Files
        3 Graphics                         3 Graphics Storeroom
        4 Sampling                         4 Sound Clips Library
        5 MIDI                             5 MIDI Song Library
        6 Amiga/Atari                      6 Amiga/Atari Files
        7 Macintosh                        7 Macintosh Files
        8 IBM/MS-DOS                       8 IBM/MS-DOS Files
        9 Sound Cards                      9 Sound Card Library
       16 Programmer's Den                16 Programmer's Stuff

Software Publisher Assn Forum+ SPAFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Ask SPA                          1 Ask SPA
        2 Hot Topics                       2 Hot Topics
        3 SPAudit                          3 SPAudit
        4 Business Section                 4 Business Section
        5 Consumer Section                 5 Consumer Section
        6 Education Section                6 Education Section
        7 Workgroup SIG                    7 Workgroup SIG
        8 Miscellany                       8 Miscellany
        9 PR SIG                           9 PR SIG
       10 SPA Europe                      10 SPA Europe
       11 EDSIG                           11 EDSIG

Software Publishing Forum+     SPCFORUM     CIS

       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Professional File                2 Professional File
        3 Professional Write               3 Professional Write
        5 Pro. Write PLUS                  5 Pro. Write PLUS
        6 Harvard Proj.Mgr.3               6 Harvard Proj.Mgr.3
        7 Harvard Graphics                 7 Harvard Graphics
        8 HG Windows                       8 HG Windows
        9 Harvard Draw                     9 Harvard Draw
       10 International                   10 International
       11 Harvard GeoGraphics             11 Harvard GeoGraphics
       12 OfficeWriter                    12 OfficeWriter
       14 HG Advisor                      14 HG Advisor
       16 Superbase                       16 Superbase

Space/Astronomy Forum+         SPACEFORUM   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Science/Technology               2 Vehicles/Satellites
        3 Rockets/Propulsion               3 Science/Technology
        4 Earth Satellites                 4 Issues and Politics
        5 Space Shuttle                    5 Flight Operations
        6 Space Station                    6 Space History
        7 Planetary Probes                 7 Extraterrestrials?
        8 Humans Beyond LEO                8 The Future
        9 International Prgms              9 Software
       10 Graphics/Animation              10 STS MISSION GIFS
       11 Aeronautics                     11 VEHICLE/SAT GIFS
       12 Issues and Politics             12 SPACE HISTORY GIFS
       13 Extraterrestrials               13 SOLAR SYSTEM GIFS
       14 Science Fiction                 14 DEEP SKY ASTRO GIFS
       15 News/Current Events             15 MISCELLANEOUS GIFS
                                          16 Audio & Animation
                                          17 Recent Uploads

Spinnaker Software Forum+      SPINNAKER    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 Spinnaker PLUS                   2 Spinnaker PLUS
        3 PFS:First Choice                 3 PFS:First Choice
        4 PFS:First Publisher              4 PFS:First Publisher
        5 Eight-in-One                     5 Eight-in-One
        6 PFS: <DOS> apps                  6 PFS: <DOS> apps
        7 PFS:Resume Pro                   7 PFS:Resume Pro
        8 PFS:Publisher                    8 PFS:Publisher
        9 PFS: <Win/OS2> apps              9 PFS: <Win/OS2> apps
       10 EasyWorking DOS/Win             10 EasyWorking DOS/Win
       11 PFS:WindowWorks                 11 PFS:WindowWorks
       14 Calendar Creator                14 Calendar Creator
       15 Address Book Plus               15 Address Book Plus
       16 Labels Unlimited                16 Labels Unlimited
       17 Express Publisher               17 Express Publisher

Sports Forum+                  FANS         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Business                   1 Forum Business
        2 Football                         2 Football
        3 Basketball                       3 Basketball
        4 Hockey                           4 Hockey
        5 Other Sports                     5 Other Sports
        6 Baseball                         6 Baseball
        7 Ring Things                      7 Ring Things
        8 Sport of Kings                   8 Sports of Kings

        9 Fantasy Sports Info              9 Fantasy Sports
       10 FBB Information                 10 FBB Statistics
       11 Fantasy BB Talk                 11 Fantasy Baseball
       12 FBB AL Transactions             12 FBB AL Info
       13 FBB NL Transactions             13 FBB NL Info
       14 Golf/Tennis/Soccer              15 Fantasy Football
       15 HTH Fantasy FB Info             16 FFB Transactions
       16 HTH Transactions

Sports Simulation Forum+       SPRTSIMS     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 Baseball                         2 Baseball
        3 Football                         3 Football
        4 Basketball                       4 Basketball
        5 Golf                             5 Golf
        6 Motorsports                      6 Motorsports
        7 Hockey                           7 Hockey
        8 Boxing/Wrestling                 8 Boxing/Wrestling
       10 Other Sports Sims               10 Other Sports Sims
       11 Baseball Leagues                11 Baseball Leagues
       12 Football Leagues                12 Football Leagues
       13 Golf Tours                      13 Golf Tours
       14 Racing Circuits                 14 Racing Circuits
       15 Hockey Leagues                  15 Hockey Leagues
       16 Independent Leagues             16 Independent Leagues

Stac Electronics Forum+        STACKER      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Technical                    1 Upload
        2 Stacker 1 and 2                  2 Product Information
        3 Stacker 3 Win/DOS                3 Technical Notes
        4 Stacker 3.1                      4 Utilities
        5 OS/2                             5 OS/2 
        6 Macintosh                        6 Macintosh
        7 Developers Tool Kit              7 Developers Tool Kit
                                           8 DOS Batch Files

Standard Microsystem Forum+    SMC          CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Information              0 News/Product Info.
        1 Suggestion Box                   1 Misc. Utilities
        2 Arcnet                           2 Arcnet
        3 Ethernet Elite                   3 Ethernet Elite
        4 Ethernet 30XX                    4 Ethernet 30XX
        5 Token Ring Elite                 5 Token Ring Elite
        6 Network Management

Standards Forum+               STDFRM       EET
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Help & News                1 Forum Help & News
        2 Parallel Bus Stds                2 Parallel Bus Stds
        3 PREPtalk                         3 PREPtalk
        4 Known Good Die                   4 Known Good Die
        6 ISO9000                          6 ISO9000
        7 Fiber Optic Ntwrk                7 Fiber Optic Ntwrk
        8 Other Standards                  8 Other Standards
       11 Take Five                       13 Other Quality Stds
       13 Other Quality Stds

Students' Forum+               STUFO        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Interest                 1 General Interest

        2 Grade/Middle School              2 Grade/Middle School
        3 High School                      3 High School
        4 College/University               4 College/University
        5 Grad/Professional                5 Grad/Professional
        6 Business/Careers                 6 Business/Careers
        7 Arts/Music/Drama                 7 Arts/Music/Drama
        8 Computers                        8 Computers
        9 English/Literature               9 English/Literature
       10 History/Geography               10 History/Geography
       11 Languages/Cultures              11 Languages/Cultures
       12 Math/Science/Tech               12 Math/Science/Tech
       13 Psych/Sociology                 13 Psych/Sociology
       14 Activities/Debate               14 Activities/Debate
       15 Survival Center                 15 Survival Center
       16 Global Village                  16 Global Village
       17 Student Lounge                  17 Student Lounge

Sun Select Forum+              SUNSELECT    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 About SunSelect                  1 In The News!
        2 PC-NFS                           2 Product Information
        3 SelectMail                       3 Q & A PC-NFS, SunPC
        4 PC-NFS Prgm Toolkit              4 Q & A TOPS
        5 Advanced Telnet                  5 PC-NFS
        6 SunPC                            6 SelectMail
        7 NetWare SunLink                  7 PC-NFS Prgm Toolkit
        8 NetPrint Sun                     8 Advanced Telnet
        9 PenTops/PenCentral               9 Sun PC
       10 Mac/DOS/SunTOPS                 10 NetWare SunLink
       11 PWI                             11 NetPrint Sun
       17 Sun User-to-User                12 PenTops/PenCentral
                                          13 Mac/DOS/SunTOPS
                                          14 PWI

Symantec AntiVirus Forum+      SYMVIRUS     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Customer Service                 1 Upgrade Info & PR
        2 SAM AntiVirus - MAC              2 SAM AntiVirus - MAC
        3 Norton AntiVirus PC              3 Norton AntiVirus
        4 NAV Scan Program                 4 NAV Scan Program
        5 NOVI                             5 NOVI
        6 Certus                           6 Certus
        7 Virus Discussions                7 Virus Discussions
                                          16 Live Virus Uploads

Symantec Applications Forum+   SYMAPPS      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Customer Service                 1 Upgrade & PR Info
        2 Q&A Write & data                 2 Q&A Write & Data
        3 MORE                             3 MORE
        4 Project Management               4 Project Management
        5 GrandView                        5 GrandView
        6 GreatWorks                       6 GreatWorks
        7 JustWrite                        7 JustWrite
        8 ACT! Products                    8 ACT! Products

Symantec Development Forum+    SYMDEVTOOL   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Customer Service                 1 Upgrade Info & PR
        2 Think C                          2 Think C
        3 Think Pascal                     3 Think Pascal
        4 TCL & OOP                        4 TCL & OOP
        5 Zortech C++ DOS                  5 Zortech C++ DOS

        6 Zortech C++ WinOS2               6 Zortech C++ WinOS2
        7 Multiscope                       7 Multiscope
        8 Bedrock discussion               8 Bedrock
        9 Actor, WRT, & OGL                9 Actor, WRT, & OGL
       10 Think Reference                 10 Think Reference
       11 Symantec C++MAC/MPW             11 Symantec C++MAC/MPW
       12 Symantec C++ PRO                12 Symantec C++ PRO

Symantec/Norton Utility Forum+ SYMUTIL      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Customer Service                 1 Upgrade & PR Info
        2 Desktop for DOS                  2 Desktop for DOS
        3 Desktop for Windows              3 Desktop for Windows
        5 Backup for DOS                   5 Backup for DOS
        6 Backup for Windows               6 Backup for Windows
        7 Commander & Editor               7 Commander & Editor
        8 Commander OS/2                   8 Commander for OS/2
        9 Symantec Util. MAC               9 Symantec Util. MAC
       10 Norton Util. MAC                10 Norton Util. MAC
       11 Norton Util. DOS                11 Norton Util. DOS
       12 EssentialsPowerbook             12 EssentialsPowerbook
       13 pcANYWHERE DOS                  13 pcANYWHERE DOS
       14 pcANYWHERE Windows              14 pcANYWHERE Windows
       15 Norton Speedrive                15 Norton Speedrive

TAPCIS Forum+                  TAPCIS       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 TAPCIS Q & A                     1 TAPCIS (R)
        2 Scripts and Tools                2 Scripts and Tools
        3 Modems/HW/OS                     3 Modem/HW/OS
        4 Problem reports                  4 Problem reports
        5 Suggestion box                   5 Suggestions
        6 International                    6 International
        7 The TAProom                      7 The TAProom
        8 Section 8                       16 TAPNEWS/Fact File
       16 TAPNews and Notices             17 Dixonary
       17 The Parlor

Tandy Model 100 Forum+         M100SIG      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General/Help
        2 Text                             2 Text
        3 Telcom                           3 Telcom
        4 Applications                     4 Applications
        5 Games                            5 Games
        6 Graphics/Music                   6 Graphics/Music
        7 Utilities                        7 Utilities
        8 Tech/Programming                 8 Tech/Programming
        9 Peripherals                      9 Peripherals
       10 Tandy 200                       10 Tandy 200
       11 Tandy 600                       11 Tandy 600
       12 NEC/Olivetti/Kyo85              12 NEC/Olivetti/Kyo-85
       13 Products/Reviews                13 Products/Reviews
       14 Private For-Sales               14 Programming Contest
       15 WP-2 Support                    15 WP-2 Support
       17 The Soapbox                     17 The Soapbox

Tandy Professional Forum+      TRS80PRO     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 The Soapbox                      1 Soapbox/GeneralInfo
        2 .                                5 PC Compatibles
        3 .                                6 MS-DOS Applications
        4 .                                7 MS-DOS Utilities

        5 T1000/1400/3000/4K               8 DeskMate
        6 MS-DOS Applications              9 Tandy 2000
        7 MS-DOS Utilities                10 T2K Patches
        8 DeskMate                        11 GIF / PC Graphics
        9 Tandy 2000                      12 Models 2,12, & 16
       10 T2K Patches                     13 /usr/XENIX
       12 Models 2,12,& 16                14 Products/Reviews
       13 /usr/XENIX                      15 Models 1/3
       14 Private For-Sales               16 Models 4/4P
       15 Model 1 / 3                     17 Model 3/4 Graphics
       16 Model 4 / 4P
       17 Model 3/4 Graphics

Telecommunication Issues Forum+TELECOM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 PartyLine                        1 News/Telecom Digest
        2 Telecom Carriers                 2 Telecom Carriers
        3 Messaging/Email/EDI              3 Messaging/Email/EDI
        4 Voice Processing                 4 Voice Processing
        5 Local Networking                 5 Local Networking
        6 Network Security                 6 Network Security
        7 Data/ISDN                        7 Data/ISDN
        8 Conferencing                     8 Conferencing
        9 Cellular/Wireless                9 Cellular/Wireless
       10 Mobile Data/Paging              10 Mobile Data/Paging
       11 Telecom Equipment               11 Telecom Equipment
       12 Telecom Swap Shop               12 Telecom Swap Shop
       13 Community Networks              13 Community Networks
       14 Internetworking                 14 Internetworking
       15 International                   15 International
       16 ATM/Broadband                   16 ATM/Broadband
       17 Fax and FaxBios                 17 Fax and FaxBios

Texas Instruments Forums+      TIFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Cross Sys/General                0 General/Text
        2 99/4A General                    1 9900 New Uploads
        3 99 Programming                   2 99 BASIC/XBASIC
        4 99 Hardware/Repair               3 99 Assembly
        5 ALL PRINTERS                     4 99 C et al.
        6 99 Trading Post                  5 99 Classics
        7 TI Laptops & Lasers              6 99 Utilities
        8 PRO News & Views                 7 99 MUSIC/GAMES/ART
        9 CHIP Talk-ALL                    8 TI Professional
       10 PROgramming/Hrdware              9 Pro Classics
       11 BBS(all systems)                10 99 Pascal/p-System
       12 PRO Trading Post                11 99 Forth
       13 990/DX10/DNOS                   12 Geneve Info & Pgms
       14 99 New Users/Halp!              13 Big Pics
       15 PRO New Users/Halp!             14 Li'l Pics
       16 9640/GENEVE & PICS              16 TI/SHARP TABLETS

Thomas-Conrad Support Forum+   TCCFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 Product Information
        2 ARCNET                           2 ARCNET
        3 TCNS                             3 TCNS
        4 Ethernet                         4 Ethernet
        5 Token Ring                       5 Token Ring
        8 TXD                              8 TXD
        9 Sectra                           9 Sectra
       17 Product Feedback                15 NetLetter/Articles
                                          16 Other Drivers/Fixes
Toshiba Forum+                 TOSHIBA      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 Press & Demos
        2 Emergency HELP!                  2 Toshiba Software
        3 Input & Output                   3 Toshiba Related
        4 Compare Notes                    4 Text Files
        5 Disk/Tape Drives                 5 Other Utilities
        7 Connectivity                     6 Product Specs
        9 Internal Expansion               7 Frequent Queries
       10 Battery Power                    9 3rd Party Info
       12 Software/OS Issues              17 Toshibytes
       13 Memory Management
       14 On The Road
       15 Public Auction
       16 Suggestion Box
       17 Lappers' Lounge

Toshiba GmbH Forum+            TOSHGER      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Allgemeine Anfragen              1 Upload-Bereich
        2 Hotline                          2 Utilities, Upgrades
        3 Betriebssysteme                  3 Demos
        4 Windows                          4 Technische Daten
        5 Kommunikation                    5 Presse
        6 Datensicherheit                  6 Drucker
        7 TOSHIBA Zubehoer
        8 Fremdprodukte
        9 Umweltschutz
       10 Anregungen / Kritik

TrainNet Forum+                TRAINNET     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 RR Employees Corner              2 New Uploads
        3 Transit Topics                   3 Transit Topics
        4 Railfans                         4 Railfans
        5 Photography/Paint                5 Photography/Paint
        6 Locomotives                      6 Locomotives
        7 Model RR Layouts                 7 Model RR Layouts
        8 Swap Shop                        8 Directories
        9 Games / Simulations              9 Games / Simulations
       10 HO Scale                        10 HO Scale
       11 Z Scale & N Scale               11 Z Scale & N Scale
       12 S, O, G & Tinplate              12 S, O, G & Tinplate
       13 Computer/Electronic             13 Computer/Electronic
       15 NRHS Members                    15 NRHS Members
       17 Non Train Stuff                 17 Industry News

Travel Forum+                  TRAVSIG      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 Travel in General                0 General Interest
        1 United States                    1 United States
        2 Canada                           2 Canada
        3 Mexico/Centrl Amer.              3 Mexico/Centrl Amer.
        4 Caribbean                        4 Caribbean
        5 South America                    5 South America
        6 Oceania                          6 Oceania
        7 Asia                             7 Asia
        8 Europe                           8 Europe
        9 Africa/Middle East               9 Africa/Middle East
       10 The Shangri Lounge              10 GIF/The Photo Album
       11 Hawaii Help Line                11 Hawaii Help Line
       12 Rail Travel                     12 Rail Travel

       13 Airlines                        13 Sports-Ski Travel
       14 Cruises                         14 CRUISE REVIEWS
       15 Timeshare Talk                  15 Timeshares & Houses

UK Computer Shopper Forum+     UKSHOPPER    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        2 General Messages                 2 General Info
        3 Hardware                         3 MS-DOS Utilities
        4 Applications                     4 Windows Utilities
        5 Op. Systems & Utils              5 Macro's & Tips
        6 Industry Comment                 7 Entertainment
        7 New Members                      8 Non-PC
        8 Article Comments                 9 Demo Applications
        9 Non-PC                          10 Demo Games
       10 Chit-Chat
       11 Helpfile
       12 Hardware Adverts
       13 Software Adverts

UK Computing Forum+            UKCOMPUTING  CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Comms                            1 Comms
        2 General                          2 General
        3 Windows                          3 Windows
        4 Macintosh                        4 Macintosh
        5 Archie/Beeb/Z88                  5 Archie/Beeb/Z88
        6 Psion Dacom                      6 Psion Dacom
        7 Westpoint Creative               7 Westpoint Creative
        8 Amstrad                          8 Amstrad
        9 NextBase/Automap                 9 NextBase/Automap
       10 WigWam/TP                       10 WigWam/TP
       11 US Robotics (UK)                11 US Robotics (UK)
       12 Datasoft                        12 Datasoft
       13 Western Systems                 13 Western Systems

UK Forum+                      UKFORUM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Welcome New Users                1 General & Lib Info
        2 Rovers Return Pub                2 Essential Files
        3 General                          3 General
        4 Food/Drink                       4 Food and Drink
        5 Brits in the USA                 5 Brits in the USA
        6 Americans in UK                  6 Americans in UK
        7 Graphics/Photos                  7 Graphics/Photos
        8 Politics                         8 Politics
        9 Law/Crime                        9 Law/Crime
       10 Hobbies/Interests               10 Hobbies/Interests
       11 Health/Education                11 Health/Education
       12 Travel/UK Info                  12 Travel/UK Info
       13 Business Matters                13 Business Matters
       14 Sport/UK Results                14 Sport/UK Results
       15 Classified Ad's                 15 Classified Ad's
       16 Music/Radio                     16 Music/Radio
       17 Theatre/TV/Cinema               17 Theatre/TV/Cinema

UK Share Forum+                UKSHARE      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Steve's Lounge                   1 First Stop
        2 Flame On!                        2 Applications
        3 As Easy As                       3 Information Centre
        4 Comms Support                    4 Programmers Zone
        5 Utility Software                 5 UK/EC Authors
        6 Programmers' Corner              7 Thompson Ptnership

        7 Thompson Ptnership               8 Windows 3/3.1
        9 SDA/Zephyr                       9 SDA/Zephyr
       10 Nildram Software                10 Nildram Software
       11 STAR                            11 STAR

Ultimedia Hardware Plus Forum+ ULTIHW       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 MWAVE System                     2 MWAVE System
        3 ActionMedia (DVI)                3 ActionMedia (DVI)
        4 V-LAN                            4 V-LAN

Ultimedia Tools Series A Forum+ULTIATOOLS   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Information              0 General Information
        1 Ultimedia Tools                  1 Ultimedia Tools
        2 DEMO CDROM                       2 DEMO CDROM
        3 AimTech Corp.                    3 AimTech Corp.
        4 Allen Communication              4 Allen Communication
        5 Asymetrix Corp.                  5 Asymetrix Corp.
        6 Fractal Design                   6 Fractal Design
        7 GoldDisk                         7 Gold Disk
        8 Humancad                         8 Humancad
        9 IBM Linkway Live!                9 IBM Linkway Live!
       10 IBM StoryBoard Live             10 IBM Storyboard Live
       11 IBM Beta                        11 IBM Beta
       13 AUTODESK                        13 Autodesk
       15 IBM OS/2 MMTools                15 IBM OS/2 MMTools

Ultimedia Tools Series B Forum+ULTIBTOOLS   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Mammoth Micro Prod               1 Mammoth Micro Prod.
        2 Montage Group, Ltd.              2 Montage Group, Ltd.
        3 Network Technology               3 Network Technology
        4 Passport Designs                 4 Passport Designs
        5 Time Arts                        5 Time Arts
        6 Touch Vision                     6 Touch Vision
        7 Turtle Beach                     7 Turtle Beach
        8 Vision Imaging                   8 Vision Imaging
        9 Wordstar Int.                    9 Wordstar Int.
       12 DigiVox                         12 DigiVox
       13 Voyetra                         13 Voyetra
       14 Videomedia OZ                   14 Videomedia OZ
       15 Virtus                          15 Virtus

Unix Forum+                    UNIXFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Forum Info/General               1 Forum Info & Misc
        2 New to UNIX                      2 New to UNIX
        3 Tools                            3 Tools
        4 Communications                   4 Communications
        5 Networking                       5 Networking
        6 Applications                     6 Applications
        7 Unix OS Topics                   7 Unix OS Topics
        8 Lang/Programming                 8 Lang/Programming
        9 Administration                   9 Administration
       10 Hardware                        10 Hardware
       11 /etc/etc                        11 /etc & games
       12 Usenet & Mail                   12 Usenet & Mail
       13 DOS under UNIX                  13 DOS under UNIX
       14 GUI and X-Window                14 GUI and X-Window
       16 GTR Data Inc                    16 GTR Data Inc
       17 filePro/Tangent                 17 filePro/Tangent


UnixWare Forum+                UNIXWARE     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info                     1 General Library
        2 Product Info                     2 Developer Tools
        3 Developers                       3 X Window Library
        4 DOS Merge                        4 Network Utilities
        5 Installation                     5 Applications
        6 X Windows                        6 Device Drivers
        7 Networking                       7 Updates
        8 Device Drivers
        9 Printing
       10 Communications
       11 Applications
       12 Bug Watchers
       13 Updates

UserLand Forum+                USERLAND     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 Help Desk
        2 Customer Service                 2 Scripts & Suites
        3 Using Frontier                   3 Scriptable Apps
        4 Runtime Users                    4 Runtime Users
        5 Scripting the OS                 5 Applets & Utilities
        6 Scriptable Apps                  6 Con$ulting
        7 Frontier SDK                     7 Frontier SDK
        8 Applets & Utilities              8 From UserLand
        9 Con$ulting                       9 Hot Apps!
       10 UCMDs & XCMDs                   10 UCMDs & XCMDs
       11 Roundtable                      16 THINK C 6.0/C++
       13 Hot Apps!                       17 Quark XPress 3.2
       16 THINK C 6.0/C++
       17 Quark XPress 3.2

VAX Forum+                     VAXFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 General Info/Help                0 General Info/Help
        1 News & Reviews                   1 News & Reviews
        2 DECUS Happenings                 2 DECUS Happenings
        3 VAX Hardware                     3 VAX Hardware
        4 Alpha AXP                        4 Alpha AXP
        5 VMS System Software              5 VMS System Software
        6 System Management                6 System Management
        7 VMS Applications                 7 VMS Applications
        8 VMS Communications               8 VMS Communications
        9 VAX Unix/Ultrix                  9 VAX Unix/Ultrix
       10 VMS Programming                 10 VMS Programming
       11 Networking                      11 Networking
       12 Text processing                 12 Text processing
       13 VMS Entertainment               13 VMS Entertainment
       14 Editor's Corner                 14 Publisher's Corner
       15 Dealing With DEC                15 DEC Pro/DSJ Code
                                          16 Archives

Venture Software Inc Forum+    VENTURA      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 Ventura How To                   2 Ventura Apps
        3 VP for GEM                       3 Gem Ventura
        4 VP for Windows                   4 Windows Ventura
        5 VP for OS/2, MAC                 5 OS/2 & MAC Ventura
        6 Making Color Work                6 AdPro/PicturePro
        7 AdPro                            7 Utils/3rd Party SW

        8 PicturePro                       8 Printers/Monitors
        9 DatabasePublisher                9 Design/Art/Layout
       10 Fonts/Width Tables              10 Fonts
       11 Printers/Printing               11 Import Support
       12 Your 2 Cents Worth              12 Forum Business
       13 VP International                13 Problems/Requests
                                          14 VDBPublish/Formbase

WRQ/Reflection Forum+          WRQFORUM     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General/Help                     1 General Information
        2 Ask Tech Support                 2 Tech Support
        3 Reflection 1/7 DOS               3 Reflection 1/7 DOS
        4 Reflection 1/3 Mac               4 Reflection 1/3 Mac
        5 Reflection 1 Win                 5 Reflection 1 Win
        6 Reflection 2/4 DOS               6 Reflection 2/4 DOS
        7 Reflection 2/4 Mac               7 Reflection 2/4 Mac
        8 Reflection 2/4 Win               8 Reflection 2/4 Win
        9 Reflection 8 (IBM)               9 Reflection 8 (IBM)
       10 Reflection X                    10 Reflection X
       11 RNS/Networks                    11 RNS/Networks
       12 PPL/Reflection SDK              12 PPL/Reflection SDK
       13 Keyboard Mapping                13 Keyboard Mapping
       14 RCL Scripts                     14 RCL Scripts
       15 File Transfer                   15 File Transfer
       16 Beta Testers                    16 Beta Testers

Wang Support Forum+            WANGFORUM    CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 General
        2 OPEN/image                       2 OPEN/image
        3 Wang EXEC PC                     3 Wang EXEC PC
        4 Commercial PC                    4 Commercial PC
        5 LAN                              5 LAN
        6 UNIX                             6 UNIX
        7 VS Systems                       7 VS Systems
        8 Imaging Systems                  8 Imaging Systems
        9 Wang User Groups                 9 Wang User Groups
       10 PACE                            10 PACE
       11 Host Imaging Dev                11 Host Imaging Dev

White House Forum+             WHITEHOUSE   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Mr. President                    1 Mr. President
        2 Technology/Space                 2 Technology/Space
        3 Internationalism/UN              3 Internationalism/UN
        4 Defense/Veterans                 4 Defense/Veterans
        5 Economy/Deficit                  5 Economy/Deficit
        6 Health Care                      6 Health Care
        7 Education/Ntl Serv.              7 Education/Ntl Serv.
        8 Reinvent Government              8 Reinvent Government
        9 Energy/Environment               9 Energy/Environment
       10 Soc. Sec./Welfare               10 Soc. Sec./Welfare
       11 Transportation                  11 Transportation
       12 Justice/FBI                     12 Justice/FBI
       13 Agriculture/FDA                 13 Agriculture/FDA
       14 Commerce/Trade                  14 Commerce/Trade
       15 Interior/Park Serv.             15 Interior/Park Serv.
       16 Housing/Urban Dev.              16 Housing/Urban Dev.
       17 Foggy Bottom                    17 Foggy Bottom

Windows 3rd Party A Forum+     WINAPA       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:

        1 Asymetrix                        1 Asymetrix
        2 Access Softek[WinA]              2 Access Softek
        3 Arabesque Software               3 Arabesque Software
        4 Future Soft [WinA]               4 Future Soft Engr
        5 GeoGraphix [WinA]                5 GeoGraphix
        6 hDC [WinA]                       6 hDC
        7 HI-Q Int'l [WinA]                7 HI-Q International
        8 Jensen-Jones                     8 Jensen-Jones
        9 Premia Corp                      9 Premia Corp
       10 Micrografx [WinA]               10 Micrografx
       11 Polaris [WinA]                  11 Polaris
       12 3-D Visions                     12 3-D Visions
       13 Lucid Corp.                     13 Lucid Corp.
       15 WilsonWare [WinA]               15 Wilson WindowWare
       16 ICOM [WinA]                     16 ICOM
       17 Playroom [WinA]                 17 Playroom

Windows 3rd Party B Forum+     WINAPB       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 KASEWORKS                        1 KASEWORKS
        2 Connect Software                 2 Connect Software
        3 NBI [WinB]                       3 NBI
        4 InfoAccess                       4 InfoAccess
        5 ChipSoft                         5 ChipSoft
        6 Frontier Tech.                   6 Frontier Tech.
        8 Nu-Mega Tech.                    8 Nu-Mega Tech.
        9 Kidasa [WinB]                    9 Kidasa
       10 SoftCraft [WinB]                10 SoftCraft
       11 Softbridge [WinB]               11 Softbridge
       12 Zenographics [WinB]             12 Zenographics
       13 Comp Presen' [WinB]             13 Comp Presentations
       14 WindowCraft [WinB]              14 WindowCraft
       15 Knwldg Gardn [WinB]             15 Knowledge Garden
       16 Ocean Isle Software             16 Ocean Isle Software
       17 Wonderware                      17 Wonderware

Windows 3rd Party C Forum+     WINAPC       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Matesys                          1 Matesys
        2 Bell Atlantic                    2 Bell Atlantic
        3 Stirling                         3 Stirling
        4 Berkeley Systems                 4 Berkeley Systems
        6 Campbell Services                6 Campbell Services
        7 Metz Software                    7 Metz Software
        8 LABTECH                          8 LABTECH
        9 Abacus                           9 Abacus
       10 Wall Data                       10 Wall Data
       11 Saros                           11 Saros
       12 GFA                             12 GFA
       13 Gold Hill                       13 Gold Hill
       14 Protoview                       14 Protoview
       15 Aristosoft                      15 Aristosoft
       16 Gold Disk                       16 Gold Disk
       17 Gilbert&Associates              17 Gilbert&Associates

Windows 3rd Party D Forum+     WINAPD       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Other Vendors                    1 Other Vendors
        2 Automated Design                 2 Automated Design
        3 Baseline Publishing              3 Baseline Publishing
        4 WexTech Systems                  4 WexTech Systems
        5 SWFTE International              5 SWFTE International
        6 DeltaPoint                       6 DeltaPoint

        7 Q+E Software                     7 Q+E Software
        9 Shapeware Corp.                  9 Shapeware Corp.
       10 Peachtree Software              10 Peachtree Software
       12 Okna Corp.                      12 Okna Corp.
       13 Avantos Performance             13 Avantos Performance
       14 ABC Systems & Dev't             14 ABC Systems & Dev't
       15 Inmark                          15 Inmark

Windows Extensions Forum+      WINEXT       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 NonTech Service                  1 MS Info and Index
        4 WOSA/XRT                         4 WOSA/XRT
        5 WOSA/XFS                         5 WOSA/XFS
        6 MS Delta                         6 MS Delta
        7 Arabic/Hebrew SDK                7 Arabic/Hebrew SDK
        8 Pen SDK                          8 Pen SDK
        9 Far East SDK                     9 Far East SDK
       10 ODBC                            10 ODBC
       11 ODBC Dsktop Drivers             11 ODBC Dsktop Drivers
       15 Win3.1 SDK Addendum             13 Schedule+ Libraries
                                          15 Win3.1 SDK Addendum

Windows Fun Forum+             WINFUN       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Interest                 1 Index and Info
        2 Card Games                       2 Card Games
        3 Other Games/Fun                  3 Other Games/Fun
        4 Screen Savers                    4 Screen Savers
        5 Sounds/Utils                     5 Sounds
        7 Icons/Utils                      6 Sound Utils
        9 Bitmaps/Graphics                 7 Icons
       11 AVI/Utils                        8 Icon Utils
       14 Win NT Games/Fun                 9 Bitmaps/Graphics
       17 Kids Stuff                      10 Graphics Utils
                                          11 AVI Files/Utils
                                          14 Win NT Games/Fun
                                          17 Kids Stuff

Windows Objects Forum+         WINOBJECTS   CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Tech Service                 1 MS Info and Index
        2 Component Obj Model              2 Component Obj Model
        3 Structured Storage               3 Structured Storage
        4 OLE:User Interface               4 OLE:User Interface
        5 OLE:Drag&Drop                    5 OLE:Drag&Drop
        6 OLE:Naming/Monikers              6 OLE:Naming/Monikers
        7 OLE:Interop issues               7 OLE:Interop issues
        8 OLE:Automation                   8 OLE:Automation
       12 OLE:Mac issues                  12 OLE:Mac issues
       13 OLE 1 issues                    13 OLE 1 issues
       17 Strategic Issues                17 Strategic Issues

Windows Shareware Forum+       WINSHARE     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Interest                 1 Index
        2 File Utilities                   2 File Utilities
        3 Comm App/Utils                   3 Comm Apps/Utils
        4 Mem/Resource Utils               4 Mem/Resource Utils
        5 Net Apps/Utils                   5 Net Apps/Utils
        6 General Win Utils                6 General Win Utils
        7 Font Utilities                   7 Font Utilities
        8 Disk Utilities                   8 Disk Utilities
        9 Program Mgrs                     9 Program Mgrs

       10 General Win Apps                10 General Win Apps
       11 Business/Finance                11 Business/Finance
       12 PIM/Info Utils                  12 PIM/Info Utils
       14 Win NT Utils/Apps               14 Win NT Utils/Apps

Windows Sources Forum+         WINSOU       ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Info                     1 General Info
        2 Article Feedback                 2 WinSources Utils.
        3 Software Issues                  3 General Shareware
        4 Hardware Issues                  4 Simon's Picks
        5 Problem Solving                  5 Graphics & Fonts
        6 Tips & Techniques                6 Tips & Techniques
        7 Coding for Windows               7 Coding for Windows
        8 Coping with DOS                  8 Coping with DOS
        9 Fast Answers                     9 Driver Watch
       12 Guest Area                      10 Sound Files
       16 Letters to Editor               11 Fast Answers
                                          12 Guest Area Files
                                          16 Open Windows

Windows Support Forum+         MSWIN        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Tech Cust Serv               1 Index and Info
        2 Setup                            2 Setup
        3 Mouse                            3 Mouse 
        4 Video/Display                    4 Display Drivers
        5 Enhanced/Std Modes               5 Enhanced/Std Modes
        6 Swapfile/32 Bit Acc              6 Swapfile/32 Bit Acc
        7 Memory/Optimization              7 Memory Optimization
        8 SmartDrive                       8 SmartDrive
        9 Prog Mgr/File Mgr                9 Prog Mgr/File Mgr
       10 MS Accessories/OLE              10 MS Accessories/OLE
       11 MS-DOS Apps/PIFs                11 MS-DOS Apps/PIFs
       12 Printing/Fonts/WPS              12 Printing/Fonts/WPS
       13 Multimedia Ext/Serv             13 Multimedia Ext/Serv
       14 Terminal/Comm                   14 Terminal/Comm
       15 Networks                        15 Networks
       16 Microsoft Scenes                16 Microsoft Scenes

Windows Users Network Forum+   WUGNET       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Windows Advisor                  1 New Uploads
        2 New Win Products                 2 Announcements/Demos
        3 WinApp Support                   3 Application Addons
        4 System Configure                 4 System Enhancements
        5 Win Connectivity                 5 Connectivity Addons
        6 Basic & Batch Tools              6 Batch & Basic Lib
        7 System Development               7 System Development
        8 Industry Trends                  8 Industry Trends
        9 ElecPubs/Multimedia              9 ElectPub/Multimedia
       10 Windows NT (32-Bit)             10 Win NT Shareware
       11 User Group Support              11 User Group Lib
       12 WINCIS - Beginners              12 WinCIS
       13 WINCIS - Advanced               13 WINCIS - Addons
       14 WUG DRIVER Support              14 WUG Driver Library
       15 Arabesque/VOM                   15 VOM Library
       16 Folio/VOM                       16 VOM - Folio 

WinNT Pre-Release Forum+       WINNT        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Non-Tech Services                1 General Information
        2 General Discussion               2 Fixes & Updates

        3 Setup & Install                  3 Problem Reports
        4 MS-DOS/Win3.x Apps               4 Support Tools
        5 32-bit Windows Apps              5 WINNT Archives
        6 OS/2 & POSIX Apps                6 Windows NT Surveys
        7 Utilities/Applets
        8 H/W Compatibility
        9 FT & File Systems
       10 Device Drivers
       11 Network services
       12 Printing
       13 Admin & Security
       14 Documentation
       15 Connectivity
       16 WinNT RAS
       17 MS Mail (32-bit)

Wolfram Research Forum+        WOLFRAM      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Kernel                           1 Notebooks/Packages
        2 Windows Q&A                      2 MathReader
        3 Mac FE                           3 Text Files
        4 Mathematica Apps                 4 Other Programs
        5 Publications                     5 FAQ--Windows
        6 MS-DOS
        7 Sales/Registration
        8 Other

WordPerfect Corp Files Forum+  WPFILES      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Library Comments                 1 WP 5.1 for DOS
                                           2 WP 5.x for Windows
                                           3 WP 5.0 for DOS
                                           4 Office/Gateways
                                           5 Presentations/Draw
                                           6 DataPerfect
                                           7 PlanPerfect
                                           8 Other WP Products
                                           9 WP Products - OS/2
                                          10 WP Products - UNIX
                                          11 WP Products - MAC
                                          12 Printer Drivers 5.1
                                          13 Printer Drivers 5.0
                                          14 WPC News/Services
                                          15 WP Products - DEC
                                          16 WP 6.0 for DOS

WordPerfect Users Forum+       WPUSERS      CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 WordPerfect 6.0 DOS              1 WordPerfect 6.0 DOS
        2 Print/Font/Fax 6.0               2 Print/Font/Fax 6.0
        3 Macros/Merges 6.0                3 Macros/Merges 6.0
        4 Other WPC DOS Apps               4 Other WPC DOS Apps
        5 WordPerfect Windows              5 WordPerfect Windows
        6 Print/Font/Fax WIN               6 Print/Font/Fax WIN
        7 Macros/Merges WIN                7 Macros/Merges WIN
        8 Office/Shell/Nets                8 Office/Shell/Nets
        9 DataPerfect                      9 DataPerfect
       10 Macintosh Apps                  10 Macintosh Apps
       11 Other Platforms                 11 Other Platforms
       12 3rd Party/Books/Mag             12 3rd Party/Books/Mag
       13 WPCorp News/Policy              13 WPCorp News/Policy
       14 WordPerfect 5.0/4.2             14 WordPerfect 5.0/4.2
       15 WordPerfect 5.1 DOS             15 WordPerfect 5.1 DOS

       16 Present'ns/Graphics             16 Present'ns/Graphics
       17 Forum [Comment]'s               17 Forum Info/Misc

WordStar Forum+                WORDSTAR     CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Topics                   1 General Topics
        2 WSWIN-Main                       2 WSWIN-Main
        3 WSWIN-Doc Building               3 WSWIN-Doc Building
        4 ZSoft/Paint Tools                4 ZSoft/Paint Tools
        5 ZSoft/FAX Products               5 ZSoft/FAX Products
        6 WS DOS - Main                    6 WS DOS - Main
        7 WS DOS - Printing                7 WS DOS - Printing
        8 Writing Tools                    8 Writing Tools
        9 Companion Products               9 Companion Products
       10 Earlier WordStar                10 Earlier WordStar
       11 Write Now - MAC                 11 Write Now - Mac
       12 Mayflower Inn                   12 Mayflower Inn

Working-From-Home Forum+       WORK         CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 News & General Info              1 General Information
        2 Running a Business               2 Business Info
        3 I'm New & What I Do              3 Member Showcase
        4 Researching Info                 4 Info Professionals
        5 Biz "Opport's"/MLM               5 Specific Businesses
        6 Find'g Biz Contacts              6 Forum Help Files
        7 Getting Business                 7 Getting Business
        8 Health Specialties               8 Health Specialties
        9 Accounting/Tax                   9 Accounting & Tax
       10 Independent Writers             10 Independent Writers
       11 Jobs/Telecommuting              11 Jobs/Telecommuting
       12 Legally Speaking                12 Legal Matters
       13 Study Group                     13 Europe & Intern'l
       14 Office Hdwr & Sftwr             14 Office Hdwr & Sftwr
       15 Virtual Corporation             15 Virtual Corporation
       16 Work-at-Home w/Kids             16 Policies & Legislat
       17 Networking/Assns                17 Home Business Assns

Worldwide Car Network Forum+   WWCAR        CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Software/Forum Help              1 Software/Forum Help
        2 Cars Pre-1949                    2 Cars Pre-1949
        3 Cars 1949-67                     3 Cars 1949-67
        4 Cars 1968-On                     4 Cars 1968-On
        5 Performance/Sports               5 Performance/Sports
        6 Motorcycles                      6 Motorcycles
        7 Trucks/Tractors/&                7 Trucks/Tractors/&
        8 Buy/Sell/Locate                  8 Buy/Sell/Locate
        9 Repair & Restore                 9 Repair & Restore
       10 Club Events & Info              10 Club Events & Info
       11 Travel & Safety                 11 Travel & Safety
       12 Technology/Law/News             12 Technology/Law/News
       13 Planes/Boats/Trains             13 Your Vehicle Here
       14 Car General & Misc.             14 Car General & Misc.
       15 Other Topics/Issues             15 Other Topics/Issues
ZMac Download & Support Forum+ DOWNLOAD     ZMC
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        0 New Files & Updates              0 New Uploads
        1 Zmac Questions                   1 Applications
        2 Mac Tech Questions               2 DAs
        3 Panic Button                     3 Extensions
        4 Consumer Guide                   4 Fonts/QuickTime/Art
        5 D&S Contest                      5 Programming/Scripts

       12 Test Software                    6 HyperCard
                                           7 Reference
                                           8 Anti-Viral Tools
                                           9 ZMac Exclusives
                                          10 TechSupport Threads
                                          11 Press Releases
                                          12 MacHack Files
                                          13 Demos & Updaters
                                          14 Apple Software
                                          16 Newton

ZiffNet Bendata Forum+         BENDATA      ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Information              1 General Information
        2 HEAT and FLS Q&A                 2 HEAT and FLS
        3 Member to Member                 3 Member Uploads
                                           4 Trng & Consulting
                                           5 Surveys
                                           6 Events

ZiffNet Support Forum          SUPPORT      ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 ZiffNet Information              1 ZiffNet Information
        2 Today on ZiffNet                 2 ZiffNet Gen'l Help
        3 ZiffNet Help (PC)                3 ZiffNet Help (PC)
        4 ZiffNet Help (Mac)               4 ZiffNet Help (Mac)
        5 Ziff BookNet                     8 BusinessDB Plus
        8 BusinessDB Plus Q&A              9 ComputerDB Plus
        9 ComputerDB Plus Q&A             10 HealthDB Plus
       10 HealthDB Plus Q&A               11 MagazineDB Plus
       11 MagazineDB Plus Q&A             12 Ziff Buyer's Market
       12 Ziff Buyer's Market             13 Support On Site
       13 Support On Site Q&A             14 Computer Directory
       14 Computer Directory              15 Computer Library-CD
       15 Computer Library-CD

ZiffNet Utilities Forum(FREE)  FREEUTIL     ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General Message                  1 PCMag Utilities
                                           2 MacUser Utilities

ZiffNet Windows Deutschland+   GERWIN       ZNT
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 Neue Mitglieder                  1 Shareware & PD
        2 Leserforum                       2 Treiber
        3 Windows-Support                  3 Makros & Listings
        4 News/Geruechte                   4 Infos/Tips/Tricks
        5 WINDOWS-Pub                      5 Demos
        6 Windows-NT                       6 Fun & Graphics
        7 Artikelwuensche
        8 Der direkte Draht
        9 Neue Uploads

Zenith Data Systems Forum+     ZENITH       CIS
       Message Sections Available:        Libraries Available:
        1 General                          1 New Files
        2 Portables                        2 Help & Information
        3 Desktops                         3 ZDS Direct
        4 Video                            4 ZDS Forum Vendors
        5 Peripherals                      5 DOS Utilities
        6 Operating systems                6 DOS Applications
        7 Software                         7 DOS Fun & Games
        8 Classic computers                8 DOS DTP & Graphics

       13 Back & Forth                     9 Programming
       14 Developers Contest              10 OS/2 and UNIX
       15 Windows                         11 Hardware
       16 Flea Market                     12 Classic Computers
       17 Back Room                       13 Flea Market
                                          14 Product Information
                                          15 Windows




                             SED. DOC
                         by Louis Epstein

      This file explains how to compose messages offline and upload
 them while using the SED(LINEDIT) editor.This saves hours of connect
 time,dollars on your CIS bill,and all without having to use the clumsy
 FILGE(EDIT) editor when you've just GOT to compose online.
      This file now covers the NEW Forum Software,the OLD,which I
 preferred,having finally died May 1,1991.I do,however,use "grandfathered"
 OLDF commands in this file,because they tend to be SHORTER,and the whole
 *point* of this file is to save *time*.("SP" instead of "POS PRI" to
 store a message privately,for example).
      This NEWEST version of the file reflects the abandonment of some
 grandfathering with the software revisions released early 1993,and some
 newly needed steps.

      I assume you are already familiar with the Forum commands,
 and have dropped the menus the novice user encounters.While this saves
 some time,you will find that the bill still mounts uncomfortably if you
 read a substantial portion or all of the message base.In order to use
 SED.DOC efficiently,you should return to the option menu and set the
 Pause After Messages option to either (T)o You or (N)ever,so as not to
 have to keep hitting <CR> after each message.With (T)o You you still
 have to hit <CR> after marked messages,but with (N)ever you risk having
 your screen capture munch messages after a while.
      In the SED.DOC method,all time-consuming activity is done offline,
 so it is best to log on at the highest baud rate available to you for
 reading messages into a screen capture or backscroll buffer and for
 uploading your message file.If you want to CO,of course,log off and log
 back on at 300.
      You will need terminal software that has a backscroll buffer or at
 least a screen capture capability--I use QMODEM,a guiltware program that
 you can get over in IBMCOM that has both--and a word processor to create
 ASCII text files--I use Borland's SideKick.I have 640K RAM,and extended
 memory including a large RAMdisk with plenty of room for my upload files
 and others as well as a backscroll buffer that will hold over 170 SIG
 messages of pre-1993 length at a time.With a screen capture file,of course,
 the disk is the limit.
      The procedure is very simple.Log on at your highest baud rate and
 go through all new messages nonstop...With the 1993 release software,you
 must SET PAG OFF to get the messages to scroll nonstop,otherwise the
 longer ones will be interrupted with a prompt.Be aware that this will
 affect ALL displays during your logon,including stuff you WANT paged.I use
 the RN command,so I know exactly when I'm up to;you can also use RTN,to
 follow threads of conversation.Log off.Then read your buffer or capture
 file,composing your replies on the word processor as you go(I go back and
 forth between the QMODEM buffer and the RAM-resident SideKick;if your word
 processor will not allow multi-tasking of this sort you may have to take
 notes as you go through the file and then write later).
      In creating your ASCII file,start with the line "set br on" to cut
 system crosstalk(this is necessary because a mid-1986 revision of the SIG-
 ware eliminated permanent Forum-only brief prompts.If you have system-wide
 brief prompts as a default option(not recommended!),skip this step,which
 is not necessary when adapting the system to Email,or in files you upload
 while still logged on after having already uploaded one(e.g. if you are
 touring several Forums with SED.DOC files)).Then write all the commands
 you would enter to enter the messages if you were on line,making sure to
 put <CR>s after every line of text,or SED will think you have entered a
 line over 79 characters long and discard the excess.If you wish to leave
 a message starting a new thread,use the <COM> command(the <L> command
 having bit the dust in the 1993 revisions) on the line before beginning
 your text;if you are replying to a message on the board,say reXXXXX,where
 XXXXX is the number of the message.Then,in each case,hit <CR> and give
 the text of the message just as you would online.After the last line,hit
 <CR>,type "/ex",and give your leave action:s,sp, or su.(S stores(posts) the
 message normally;SP privately,in Forums where it is enabled[make sure of
 this before using it];SU unformatted[just the way you typed it]).If you are
 leaving a message that starts a new thread,you MUST!! include a subtopic
 (section) number as part of the leave(post)action,using a number of a
 subtopic accessible to you (0-17,potentially,but your Sysops decide;1-16 in
 SHOWBIZ),following the addressee's name and PPN,and the subject,separated by
 semicolons,e.g. s;Mishkin Brant 76702,1705;Isn't Kim Silly?;0 .Then hit
 <CR> and do the re or <COM> for your next message on the very next line.It
 is a good idea to do all <COM> messages at the beginning or end of your
 file,so as to keep your mind on this.If you recall the number of a message
 you want to delete,you can also enter the commands in your text file,in the
 form dXXXXX on one line,y on the next(answering the Delete this message?
 (Y/N) prompt).Remember,when you upload this file,CIS will think you are
 typing everything in by hand,and you must enter every keystroke in the
 proper format.
      Check your file when it is done so that you are sure it has none
 of the following pitfalls:
      REply to a Scrolled-off message--If you are replying to a message
 that was very near to the beginning of the message base when you started
 reading,it may have scrolled off by the time you upload.If you will not
 be uploading quickly after you read the messages,it is a good idea to
 reply to these messages by sending a <COM> message to the sender.It is a
 good idea if you are unsure to keep a record of the earliest reply in
 your text file,and check it against the first message on the board when
 you log in to upload.
      Subject over 24 characters long--If you <COM> a message,CIS will re-
 ject a subject over 24 characters long.It will then go through every
 line of the message,reject them as subjects,and cause all sorts of
 problems.
      Missing Subtopic--if CIS sees no subtopic in an <COM> message,it will
 give you a menu asking for one after the store command.If this message
 is not the very last in your file,the rest of your file will go to pot.
 CIS will think that any message number a subsequent message in your file
 replies to is a subtopic,and tell you you are not authorized to access
 that subtopic.
      ANY ONE of these problems will cause the loss of your file past
 where it occurs,or at least drop several messages.
      Once you have finished and proofread your file,you log on and upload
 it.Enter the Forum and at the Forum! prompt,initiate an ASCII upload
 with your terminal software.You will then see your messages fly onto the
 screen faster than you could ever type them(unless you're at 300 baud and
 type FAST),occasionally interrupted by the prompts related to leaving the
 messages.Depending on your terminal software and how busy CIS is,you might
 see parts of your input overwritten or interrupted by beeps or gibberish;
 but whether or not what you see makes sense,it doesn't matter.If you see
 an error message,terminate the upload,log off at once,delete the messages
 prior to the problem from the file,fix the problem,and log back on and
 upload the rest.If you don't see an error message,your messages will all
 be properly stored and you should see messages to this effect.In any case,
 you can read through them quickly afterwards if you're nervous.
                                   Louis Epstein 76702,1562

 SAMPLE FILE

re66666
Speakie--this message isn't gonna start some long boring thread or
nuthin',is it?
/ex
s
com
Storing a message with the new SIGware can get to be a pain.However,if you
compose offline with SED.DOC,you don't have to deal with all the prompts,and
avoid the "is this correct?" question people who don't embed all the store
commands on one line get.
/ex
s;All;SEDNEW.DOC;1
d66666
y


This file:
1)replies to message 66666,storing the message without going unformatted
or private;
2)Leaves a message to All(For a particular person,don't forget to
include the PPN[User ID#]),and stores it in Subtopic 1;
and 3)gives a command to delete message 66666,including a y for the
confirming prompt.
If you plan to log off immediately after uploading,you can include "off"
as the last line in your file,and the file will do it for you.

In a REply message,you lose no keystrokes by doing a "/post" at the end,
instead of the "/ex" and "s" lines,but any other sort of reply is shorter
with the grandfathered command.
  THUS...

re200000
I don't think numbers running counts if the runner isn't using a line-
numbered editor.
/post

BUT...

re200000
The very IDEA of using the editor without line numbers
S       T      I      N      K       S !!!
        In spades!Do you know how much trouble that makes a quick fluff
reply online?
/ex
spu

For something you want to leave off the regular board/format system.

An October 1988 revision of the NEWF software now permits you to end a
composed message with a line chaining "/post" and all the other commands;
the second message in the sample file could therefore be ended with
"/post;all;SEDNEW.DOC;1",but it saves no keystrokes to do so.

That about explains everything.
                           Louis Epstein 76702,1562

                      Seperate your C64 keyboard from the CPU.

All parts listed here are from Digi-Key 1-800-344-4539.
You will need the following list of parts:                          Price:
(1) one straight lead header # CHS4OG-ND                            $   2.56
(2) one .100 Flat flex cable assembly  ( 6 inches)
                             # A9BAG-2006-ND                        $   9.03
(3) one .100 Flat flex cable # A9AAT-2006F-ND  (6 inches)           $   5.28
(4) one 25 pin interface extention (2 meter male to male)
                             # AE1010-ND                            $   6.93
(5) two Solder cup type D-sub connector 25 pins  (females)
                             # A2049-ND                             $   4.50
                                                                    --------
                                                     Total          $  28.30
Instructions:
When you open the C64 (normally 3 screws) you will see how the keyboard is
plugged into the motherboard. There is a 20 pin ribbon type plug that
goes into a male fitting on the board with 19 pins ( missing one is a key
to prevent plugging in the keyboard backwards).
Carefully unplug that plug (lift at the ends and gently rock as you lift).
Solder the straight lead header (1) to the Flat flex cable (3). ( both
will have the same spacing)
Solder the other end of the Flat flex cable (3) to a 25 pin female connector
(5).  The straight header (1) plugs into the female plug on the keyboard
connector ( you will need to cut or bend pin  number 2 for it to fit).
This will give you a 25 pin D-sub Female connector for the ksyboard.
The keyboard assembly is ready to put back in to the computer case.
( be sure to remove the computer board first and decide where to put it.)
You have several choices as to where you would like the 25 pin female
connector to exit the case (it has lots of holes).

Now take the Flat cable assembly (2) and solder the other 25 pin female
connector (5) to it.  BE SURE THAT THE PINS ON THE TWO 25 pin D-sub
connectors will match. ( the 25 pin connectors I have seen are numbered)
Plug the Flat cable asssembly into the motherboard and the computer
portion is ready to install in your case. ( I used an old C64 case for this)
You can put it most any where.  Built one, use an old IBM tower whatever.
Again you have some choices to make on where the 25pin D-sub will exit
but less than the keyboard as the cable is only 6" long.

I did not mention the little power indicator light. You will have 5 extra
leads on the D-sub if you want to connect the light.  Having the light
come on is a nice touch. You can just solder a couple of wires from
the motherboard to do this.

For joysticks and mice you will need 2 9 pin D-sub cables.  The cheapest
are Sega joystick extention cables.  The 9 pin cables are common as dirt
so you will have no problem finding what you want. (Radio Shack, ect.)

You also may not want 2 meters of cord between you keyboard and computer
so you can look for the length you want (male on both ends).  I have
a rig with 2 cables connected to a total of 10 feet (great for games)

If I ever get a case designed I will offer a "kit" for those that
don't have time to solder about 60 connections.  Open to ideas
on how to improve this and what to use for inexpensive cases that would
allow access to CMD add ons like the Super CPU and RamLinks.

The main reason for this design is to make using the C64 easier by
seperating the computer and keyboard (not a new idea)  LoadStar has
the same thing in the issue #140 with simple ribbon cable. My design
,just to toot my SID chip, is much more flexable and LOOKS better too.

I'd love e-mail from those that complete this project.  Let me know how
it goes.
This program will allow you to write Commodore Ascii text in a format suitable
for uploading. As the text is not standard Ascii, check that your terminal
software is capable of providing the necessary conversion. Operation of the
program is very simple, as it is  menu controlled. The first section, entitled
"Compose Text", is the section used to create text. It allows you to type up to
79 characters a line for up to 100 lines. When you get towards the end of the
line, the print will appear in reverse, indicating that the program will end
the line automatically if you don't hit a carriage return. It is similiar to
the bell heard on a typewriter when the carriage nears the end of the margin.
The next section, entitled "Display Text", should also be self-explanatory.
It allows you to view text already entered by either Compose or Load. The
"Print" command will cause all text to be printed to the printer in upper and
lower case (designed for the 4022 printer). The section entitled "Edit" is the
tool by which you are able to edit one line of text at a time. This section
functions by use of three keys, the carriage return, the "@" and the	pace bar.
Anytime you are in the program, if you press the "@" key you will exit the
edit section and the main menu will appear.The space bar enables you to advance
the line display one line at a time. Should you want to edit the last line
shown, merely depress the return key. The program remembers the last line 
printed and will automatically edit that line should you desire. To edit any
other line, merely enter the line number and press the return key. You will be
asked if you want to edit that line, an	if you answer in the affirmative, you
will be able to continue the edit. Once you complete all editing, press the
key and you will return to the main menu. The final section calSa"
enables you to take in memory text and save it to disk (device #8, drive
If you select the "End Program" function, you will be asked to save the file if
you haven't done so. Other than that feature, is is pretty simple to figure
out.

As a note, while you are displaying text, if you strike the space bar you will
be able to stop	he display until you press the space bar again.
Instructions for adding sequential read/write to Original SpeedScript and to
SpeedScript 1.1.  Original SpeedScript should have been already modified with
the SpeedScript customizer, published in COMPUTE!S GAZETTE.  While this may not
be necessary, I have not been able to try it with an unmodified version.


To perform the modification, first load your present version of SpeedScript.
Then, in direct mode (no line number), type the following:

POKE44,36:POKE9216,0:POKE9217,0:NEW

and press the RETURN button.


If you try to run the loader without first loading SpeedScript and entering the
above line, the loader will print the line for you on the screen, and tell you
to load SpeedScript, then place your cursor on the line that was printed, and
press RETURN.  After doing so, you may then re-load and run your loader program
which will now work correctly.  Once running, you will be asked which version
of SpeedScript you have.  It is VERY important to answer this question
correctly, as several memory locations are different between the 2 versions and
the loader has to know this.  The loader is set to work with the magazine
version. If you have the book version, the program has to modify itself, and
you will see this happen on screen.  The screen will clear, It will print:


350
920
910 DATA XXXX,XXXX,9999

(note that the x's mean numbers will be there in their place.  I just can't
remember what they are for sure).

That will be a brief happening, and then you will have an opportunity to
pre-set your border, screen, and letter colors, since you will be able to have
split border/screen color.

After completing this, the additional code will be added to SpeedScript itself.
 Since line-feeds are not  convertable to SpeedScript code, you are given the
option of how you would like them converted.  The two options are: convert to
spaces, or: convert to returns.  I personally convert them to spaces so that
the original line spacing is preserved.  Then you will be asked for a new
program name, and what device you want it saved to.  You will not be able to
save it under the same program name if you put it on the same disk.

When this process is completed, load SpeedScript and read the SS file maked
INSTRUCTIONS to learn about the new functions added to SpeedScript.



Instructions for modified SpeedScript
modified by: Steve Hammer


     SpeedScript and modified SpeedScript are essentially the same, with one
exception!  The modified version, in addition to SpeedScripts many fine
features, has the ability to load and save sequential files, in either ASCII or
PET ASCII formats.  There was also a subroutine added to place a border around
the text, and give seperate control to both the border and background colors.


Sequential filing.


     The use of sequential filing is as simple as using SpeedScript's load
andsave functions.  To get into sequential filing mode, type a CONTROL F (hold
the CONTROL button down while pressing the letter F).  The first time through,
a short by-line will appear, and will then be disabled for the rest of the
duration SpeedScript is in use.  After the banner, you will be asked if you
wish to load or save a sequential file.  Respond here with either an 'L' or an
'S'.  If you got here by mistake, press return to abort.  There are only two
places in the Load and Save functions that a return will not abort the process,
and there are at least two opportunities after that time to abort, so you will
not be locked in once you have come here.  Next prompt is for a file type. 
Either 'A' for ASCII or 'P' for PET ASCII.  This is one of those times where
abort is not possible.  'A' or 'P' are the only valid responses, with all
others being ignored.  We will deal with loading first.  The next query you
will receive will be 'Load:'. Enter the file name, or return to abort.  Then,
as with SpeedScript, respond to the Tape or Disk prompt.  Anything other than a
correct response will abort here.  If the file is found, it will be loaded and
converted.  Disk errors on load are noted in the command line, and control is
returned to SpeedScript.  Note that the Sequential filing code will
automatically add the ',s,r' or ',s,w' whichever is appropriate when using the
disk drive.

     If saving a file, in addition to the above prompts, you will be asked:

Line Length (RETURN=as-is)?

This is the editing command.  If you want to leave the text as it appears on
the screen, respond with a return.  This tells the code that no editing is
required.  Where this ability comes in handy, is when you are using the text
file to be uploded to a bulletin board or other system that has a maximum
acceptable line length.  If you desire line editing you may respond with a
number up to 255.  Any three-digit number greater than that will result in
erronious line lengths, and numbers with four or more digits simply are not
accepted.  In any case, line lengths will never be longer than the number you
input.  The results of this will be seen when the screen re-appears, as all
returns inserted in the text will remain.  If after saving a file the cursor
does not appear after the screen returns, press the home key twice.  Saving a
sequential file messes with some of the SpeedScript pointer, and hitting the
home key twice will restore them.  If an error occurs on the disk during the
writing process, do a CONTROL  (up arrow) and a return to read the error.


Screen and Border Controls


     If you find it desirable to have a border around the text, while using
SpeedScript in normal mode (meaning not during the sequential filing process),
type a CONTROL W.  The prompts and actions are self-explanitory from here.
While in Screen-Border mode, SpeedScript's CONTROL B command changes the border
color only.  And when returning to normal operation, the screen will become the
color of the border.  A little experimentation here will give you some idea
what you like best.  The screen color is stored at memory location 9251. 
Default is Black.  If you would like a different screen background color for
default, poke that location will the color number of your choosing.  The
default Border color is stored at memory location 2408.  Default here is Black
too.  Your favorite color may be poked here also.  After making these pokes,
you will have to re-save your copy of SpeedScript.  If you are brave, use the
save "@0:programme name".  Otherwise re-name and save it.


Other Comments.


     Loading a sequential file operates the same as SpeedScripts load in that
it will permit appending of files.  If you have two or more files to be added
together, places the cursor at the point the new file should be added, and
enter the sequential load function with a control F, just as if you were
loading a regular SpeedScript file.  And load the file.  It will erase any text
after the cursor, and if the amount added is shorter than the original, the
remainder will appear after the added file, but will not be accessable.


     Any comments or questions?  Write, call or Email me.

Steve Hammer
115 1/2 W. 6th St.
Muscatine, Ia.  52761
(319) 263-2162

Compuserve ID:74776,1570


 #: 58923      Sub-topic 3 - Disk Programming
Sb: #58585-#PROGRAMMING C-64
    03-Feb-85  15:13:41
Fm: Ken Kehl   70616,226
To: Ken Hurt   74546,303


  Ken, printing information to SEQ files is just like printing to the screen
with a few small changes.

  First the file must be opened.

  10 open1,8,3,"0:seqfile,s,w"
(the ,s,w means sequential,write. If you only want to read the file, this can
be left off, as the DOS assumes ,s,r if no type & direction are given.)

 then print the information to the file. (print means output, and the screen
just happens to be the default output device, that's all)

  20 print#1,"this is a textfile"

  then the file should be closed up.

  30 close 1

  If you are using a string as a filename, you just concatenate the name to
match proper syntax

  5 input"filename";f$:iff$=""goto5
  10 open1,8,3,"0:"+f$+",s,w"

 continued in reply...enter rr

* Reply:
	58924
(UA RE T): 

 #: 58924      Sub-topic 3 - Disk Programming
Sb: #58923-#PROGRAMMING C-64
    03-Feb-85  15:15:22
Fm: Ken Kehl   70616,226
To: Ken Kehl   70616,226 (X)


  You can also print strings to the file from memory (which is what you ar	really asking about I think)

 5 fort=1to10:a$(t)="file"+str$(t):next
 6 open1,8,3,"0:filename,s,w"
 7 fort=1to10:print#1,a$(t);:next
 8 close1

 Just like the screen, if you don't put a semicolon after each print#, a
carriage return chr$(13) is put in the file at the next print# statement. If
you are retrieving information which is to be put on the screen, this can be
handy, as the proper carriage returns can be built into the file.

 Don't forget that print# isn't abbreviated as ?# but as p shift R.

  	 clarify all of this, it might help to experiment by using the screen as a
non-default output device.

  10 open1,3:rem device 3=screen
  20 print#1,"text"
  30 close1

  continued in reply...

* Reply:
	58925
* RR 58923 +
(UA RE T): 

 #: 58925      Sub-topic 3 - Disk Programming
Sb: #58924-PROGRAMMING C-64
    03-Feb-85  15:17:39
Fm: Ken Kehl   70616,226
To: Ken Kehl   70616,226 (X)


  Information can be retrieved from the SEQ file with either GET# or INPUT#
commands. If there is a possibility that the	ile may contain a null string
-chr$(0)- you will have to allow for this before performing any operations on
the string. using the statement a$=a$+cH(0) will relace the null string with a
chr$(0) and allow operations like print asc(a$) without errors.

  GET# receives info one byte at a time, while INPUT# will gather strings until
it comes across a terminator like a comma, or a carriage return (a chr$(0)
might cause problems here, and you should test for input of null strings -
ifa$=""then whatever...)
  Y	 can close a file as many times as you want, but if you try to retrieve
data from an unopened file, you will get an error.

  Here's a simple SEQ file reader.
 10 open1,8,3,"0:filename"
 20 get#1,a$:printa$;:ifst=0then20
 30 close1

 When the last byte of a file is read, the value of ST (the status variable)
becomes non zero, and the program ends.
 You will have to ask someone else about relative files.

   WHEW! That should get you started.

                            Ken

* RR 58923
(UA RE T): 
This is the documentation for the
programs: sfr1.img and sfr2.img. Both
of these ml programs will read a
sequential file from the disk drive and
display the contents to the screen and
put the info into a buffer.

They both operate the same way. The
differance being in where they are
located in memory and where the buffer
and screen info  will be.

To start sfr1.img, simply type:

Load"sfr1.img",8,1 and sys25000.

To start sfr2.img, type:

Load"sfr2.img",8 and run.

You should then see a 2 line prompt.

F1:Type in the name of the file you
wish to see and press return. CTRL will
slow the scrolling. To STOP press the
STOP key and you will be returned to
the 2 line prompt.

F3:After you have first seen the file
you can review it by pressing this key.
Press STOP to pause, SPACEBAR to
continue, Q to quit, CTRL to slow.

Note: if you press this first when you
first invoke the program it will just
display the random characters in the
buffer area until it comes across
chr$(255) which is the reverse PI. This
is the character I use for the end of
file marker.

F5:The purpose of this is to return you
to what your screen looked like when
you first invo	d this program. I use
it to first view the last part of the
directory on the screen to see what seq
files I can view. You can view the file
then press F5 and see that portion of
the directory that was on the screen.

F7:This returns you to basic.

Differances:

SFR1.IMG...This is loaded at decimal
25000. When sysed the screen your
viewing is stored starting at 49152 and
the text buffer starts at 51968. This
only alows for 3k storing power. When
you arrive at the 3k mark a line will
appear (----) accross t	 screen and
the  text following will be put at the
beginning of the buffer. So you will
only be able to recall the last 3k. Of
course you can display to the screen a
file of any size. This alows for a
medium size basic program to reside at
the same time.

SFR2.IMG...This is loaded where a basic
program usually resides and is invoked
with 'run'. The screen is stored right
after the program at 2533. The text
buffer comes right after that at 3558
and can go to 32512 for storing
capacity of around 28954 bytes	If the
file is bigger the line (---) across
the screen etc.

HARD COPY...What I do is load the file
then press F7 and type OPEN 4,4:CMD 4
and then re-invoke sfr and press F3.

QUICK INVOKE...If you're using sfr1 and
you aren't using a cassette: you may
re-invoke the program with the easier
SYS172 instead of SYS25000.

AND FINALLY...This was assembled with
PAL64. I welcome comments and
suggestions for improvement.

EMAIL:Gary   74335,435
----------------------

SHOOTING GALLERY - not just a job, but
an adventure.

SG is my first effort to write a serious
ml project.  Started in Sep of 82,
completed in nov of 82, it represented
one of the first games available for the
the new Commodore 64.  Written using a
monitor, and with no refernce guide
available (cept for some bootleg xerox
notes), I consider it a personal
achievement for the simple fact that it
was finished. Despit the fact that it
wastes huge amounts of memory & contains
goofy code and shlock graphics, I hope u
enjoy it.  With sales of about 2500, it
was a mild success for a vapor company.
Now in the p.d. it can be ridiculed
aloud, with its many faults becoming
apparent.  Nonetheless it contains some
intersting code for scrolling characters
and playing music (tho at the time a
filter was something found only in
cigarettes).  The characters are teeny,
made on the fly,  as were the sprites.
Hey, I was young, foolish, naive, now I
know better.
   Have fun with the game, below are its
official instructions.  It may have been
better if I knew what i was doing at the
time, but ya cant have everything. Don't
bother disassembling it, u will get
lo	! (I frequently did while
programming).

RULES OF PLAY

  The object of the game is to clear the
board of all scrolling characters.  You
accomplis this task by using your gun to
maneuver under a character then shooting
it.  Some character don't scroll
smoothly;  these do not need to be hit
to clear a board but they provide
special bonuses and penalties which will
be explained later.  After clearing a
board you are allowed to go to a bonus
round where you try to hit the BEAR as
often  as  possible.  Then y	 have
anoteher shot at the main screen which
has increased point values and speed.

SCORING

Scrolling Characters - 1 to 5 points
with values ascending per row.  They
increase 1 point per round.

Movable blocks - they can't be
penetrated and aren't worth diddly.

Grid blocks - these obstacles are worth
-50 points.

Letters - These are worth 3 points each
and give a bonus of 99 points when hit
in order to spell the word BONUS

Plus & Minus Signs - The + gives you an
extra clock tick while the - takes away
	tick.

Red Areas - if a charcter is hit while
in the red zone, you LOSE the # of
points it is normally worth.

Schizoids - These occur randomly and
double a character on the top row.  It
serves as an extra charcter with extra
points if hit.

Function Keys

F1 - resets game
F3 - selects level (1-9)
F5 - Reverses joystick polarity from
righty to lefty and back.
F7 - Pauses game (use joy BUTTON to
restart)

Final Notes

At the beginning of the game use the F3
key to select a level.  Start with a low
level (1	 ) before moving on ( levels
5-8 are the same as 1-4 with HALF the
time).  Level 9 is only for experts.
JOYSTICK IS REQUIRED - USE IN PORT 2.

Tha tis all folks.  Game is now over 2
years old and cant compete with anything
current.  Has possibilities as far as
concept (with much more added).  If u
feel super-eager, write it.

SG by PL and VI.  No (c) 1982.
Special thanks to Johnny Rotten of pil.

END OF FILE
#: 27581 S4/Music Util/Demos
    22-Jul-92  23:04:15
Sb: #27580-#SID format
Fm: John Iannetta 73510,2152
To: alex burger 72450,2273 (X)
 
Alex,
 
          Do you mean an .MUS file?  If that be the case, this is the story.
Call the first byte of the file, byte 0.
 Ignore bytes 0 and 1.  Bytes 2 and 3 are the length of the data for voice 1
(in low byte, high byte form).  Bytes 4 and 5 are for voice 2.  Bytes 6 and 7
are for voice 3.  The data start at byte 8.  After the data, the description
starts.
 
          So the byte number for start of text is:
 
SUM OF THREE LOW BYTES + 256*(SUM OF THREE HIGH BYTES) + 8.  The text ends with
a zero.  Here is a BASIC type-in program for displaying the description:
 
10 z$=chr$(0):printchr$(147)
20 print"enter filename"
30 print:inputa$:open8,8,8,a$
40 print:get#8,a$:get#8,a$
50 gosub200:b=b+a
60 gosub200:b=b+a
70 gosub200:b=b+a
80 fori=1tob:get#8,a$:next
90 get#8,a$:ifa$=""then110
100 printa$;:goto90
110 close8:end
200 get#8,a$:a=asc(a$+z$)
210 get#8,a$:a=a+256*asc(a$+z$)
220 return
 
             John
SIDPLAYER NEWS FILE #2  11/85

Welcome to the second news file for Sidplayer.  This document contains full
instructions on how to use Multiplay (MPLAY), an autoplayer for Sidplayer
songs.  The program plays up to 51 songs in any order selected.

The KPLAY and MPLAY players and the Sidplayer songs are intended for
everyone's enjoyment, and may be freely distributed.

Sidplayer songs are created using the Sidplayer Editor by Harry Bratt.  The
Editor is found in the book "ALL ABOUT THE COMMODORE 64, VOLUME TWO" by Craig
Chamberlain, published by COMPUTE! Books.  A disk for the book is also
available from COMPUTE!.

The Editor is a copyrighted, commercially sold program to be used only by the
purchasers of Volume Two.  It is not in the Public Domain and should not be
freely distributed.

Please respect the legitimate expectation of the authors for a fair return on
their efforts.  Thank you.

Multiplay is a machine language program with a BASIC header.  To run
Multiplay, enter the command LOAD "MPLAY",8 followed by the command RUN after
the program has loaded.

If MPLAY is the first file on your disk (the first file appearing in the
directory), you can load it using the command LOAD "M*",8.  To make MPLAY be
the first file on a disk, SAVE it to a newly formatted disk.

Having MPLAY be the first file also makes it convenient to use the Commodore
Run/Stop autoload and run feature on some fast loader cartridges.

When you run MPLAY, it will list in three columns the names of all the
Sidplayer songs on the disk.  Sidplayer songs are identified by a .MUS
extender at the end of their filename.  The .MUS extender, however, will not
be shown with the names on the screen.

If there are no Sidplayer songs on the disk, the program will print the
message NO MUSIC FILES ON DISK - INSERT ANOTHER DISK AND PRESS F5.  After you
insert a new disk and press F5, the program will search for song names in the
new directory and list them in the columns.

Each of the three columns can display up to seventeen songs.  If the disk
contains more than 3*17=51 songs, the extra songs will not be listed and the
border will be set to gray as a warning.

Multiplay can play only those songs that are listed in the columns.  For this
reason it is strongly suggested that you never put more than 51 Sidplayer
songs on a disk side.  Catalogs for Sidplayer songs are released after every
50 songs to help encourage this practice.

After the songs are listed, an arrow cursor will appear at the top left song
name.  You can use the cursor movement keys to move the cursor to any row and
column position.

To select a song, move the cursor to the name of the song and press F1.  The
song name will change to be displayed in reverse letters.  Additional songs
can be selected simply by moving the cursor to them and pressing F1.

The order in which songs are selected is significant.  Multiplay remembers the
order in which you select the songs, and later will play them in that order.
If you want to hear the songs in a certain order, be sure to select them in
that order.

To cancel a selection, move the cursor back to the song name and press F1
again.  The reverse letters will switch back to normal to confirm that the
song is no longer selected.

One of the nicest features of Multiplay is that you can set it to play all of
the songs on the disk.  To do this, just press F3.  This causes the cursor to
run through the columns and select each song not already selected.

The F3 feature does not change the playing order of the songs that were
already selected.  Thus, if you want to play all the songs on the disk but
want to hear certain songs first, you can select them using F1 and then press
F3 to select the remaining songs.

You may also cancel individual songs after using F3, in case you want to hear
all the songs on the disk except one or two.  For example, this feature is
handy if you want to play all the songs on the disk but two of the files are
the left and right halves of a song for two computers.  These files are
intended to be played simultaneously, not separately, and can be canceled by
F1 after F3 has been pressed.

To cancel all of the selections and start over again, press F4 (shifted F3).
All of the song names will be restored to normal letters.

Once you have made your selections, press F7 to start the playing.  The
program will switch to the playing screen, load the first song and print its
text lines, and start playing.  When the song is done, Multiplay will
automatically load the next song in the sequence and start playing it.  This
will continue until all of the songs have been played.  Multiplay then returns
to the screen with the song names.

To stop a song before it is done playing and make Multiplay skip to the next
song, press any key other than a function key, such as the space bar.  The
playing will stop, and the next song in the sequence will be loaded and played.

If you press one of the function keys to stop the playing, Multiplay will
return to the song name screen rather than continue with the next song.  The
cursor will point at the song that had been playing.

When you want to hear songs on another disk, insert the new disk and press F5.
A new listing of song names in three columns will be printed, and the program
will be ready for you to make your new selections.

Here is a summary of the meanings of the function keys:

F1 SELECT OR CANCEL A SONG
F3 SELECT ALL REMAINING SONGS
F4 CANCEL ALL SONGS
F5 NEW DISK DIRECTORY
F7 START PLAYING IN ORDER SELECTED

Pressing the F7 key will not do anything if no songs have been selected.

There are two other special features built into Multiplay.  The F8 key can be
used to start the playing, just like F7, but it will cause the playing to be
continuous.  This means that after all of the songs have been played,
Multiplay will recycle back to the first one and start all over again,
forever, until a function key is pressed.

The other feature is that whereas F7 always makes the playing start at the
beginning of the sequence, F8 can be used to make the playing continue at a
song that was stopped.  For example, if the fourth song in a sequence is being
played when you press a function key, the playing can be restarted at that
song by pressing F8 rather than F7.

When you are done using Multiplay, press Run/Stop Restore to return to BASIC.

SIDPLAYER NEWS #5  March 1986 (updated 03/07/87)

Introducing Sidplayer Singalong, an exciting new way to enjoy Sidplayer songs.
Singalong is a special player for Sidplayer songs which displays song verses
that change in time with the music. It is great for many different kinds of
songs including holiday, religious, popular, and comedy songs.

Note1: The program will play only Singalong songs which have corresponding word
files on the same disk as the music files, and will not play other Sidplayer
songs.

Note2: On CBMART, the Sidplayer Singalong player is called SINGLG.IMG. Look for
it in DL10!

This news file describes all of the features of the Singalong player, and also
tells you how to create your own Singalong songs.

The Singalong player was written by Bob Huffman and may be freely distributed,
along with Sidplayer songs.

Sidplayer is the music system published in "All About The Commodore 64, Volume
Two" by COMPUTE! Books*. Sidplayer songs are created using the Sidplayer Editor
which is a copyrighted program that may not be freely distributed.

A Singalong song consists of a Sidplayer music file (with a .MUS filename
extension) and a words file which has the same filename except for a .WDS
extension in place of the .MUS extension.

When you run the Singalong player, it first reads the disk directory to find
all of the .WDS files on the disk. If there are no .WDS files on the disk, the
program will ask you to insert another disk and press the function key f5 to
rerun the program.

Once all of the .WDS files have been found, the program runs through the files
again to read the full title of each song.

The program next displays a menu listing the full titles of up to ten Singalong
songs, under the heading PAGE 1. If there were more than ten .WDS files on the
disk, a prompt message will be printed at the bottom of the screen indicating
that you can press the space bar to see the next page of songs.

To play a song, just press the appropriate letter key from A to J. The program
will switch to a new screen, print the full title of the song, and try to load
the corresponding .MUS file for the song. The Singalong player requires that
both the .MUS file and the corresponding .WDS file be on the same disk. If the
.MUS file is not on the disk, the program will print an error message, wait for
you to press a key for acknowledgement, and return to the song menu.

Always remember that both the .MUS and .WDS files for a Singalong song must be
on the same disk.

After the .MUS file for the song has been loaded, the program loads the .WDS
file. If no error occurs, the program prints the text lines for the song and
starts playing the music.

The verses for the song are printed on two lines. The current verse line is
printed in light blue, and the following verse line is printed in dark blue
under the current one. This lets you read ahead one line.

When the song is done playing, the program returns to the song menu. To stop a
song before it is done playing and return to the menu, press the space bar.

To repeat a song, just press the corresponding letter key again, and the
program will skip the loading process and play the song still in memory. You
may also press the R key to replay the most recently loaded song, if that is
more convenient. Note that the "R" key feature does not work when no song has
been loaded yet, or if an error occurred during the last attempt to load a
song.

Another feature of the Singalong player is that you can play all of the
Singalong songs on the disk with one keystroke. Just press the "*" key to
select the autoplay mode. The program will load and play each Singalong song on
the disk in the order they appear in the song menu.

While songs are being played in the autoplay mode, you may press the space bar
to stop a song and advance to the next one. To stop the playing and return to
the song menu instead, press the f7 function key.

When you are done playing songs on one disk and want to play songs on another
disk, insert the new disk and press the f5 function key to make the program run
again. To exit from the program, press Run/Stop Restore.


To create a Singalong song, you must use a word processor to enter the verse
lines in a text file, run a conversion program to convert the text file into a
.WDS file, and embed special "flag" commands at the appropriate places in the
music to signal where the verse lines should change.

Begin by using the Sidplayer Editor to enter the notes of the song in the
normal way. When you are done editing the notes and commands in the song,
insert a FLG 1 command at each place where the next verse line is to be
printed. This needs to be done on only one voice. Be sure that there is at
least one note between each FLG command. Save the .MUS file when you are done.

The next step is to create the text file containing the verse lines. Two
different types of word processors are supported; Easyscript and other
compatible word processors (such as Paperclip) which create a SEQ file, and
Speedscript, which creates a PRG file.

Enter the verse lines of the song, one line for each FLG command in the music,
with a carriage return at the end of each line. Upper and lower case letters
may be used.

Be careful to not let a line contain more than 38 characters, as the Singalong
player cannot handle longer lines. Also, if the song plays a lead-in before the
verses start, a blank line at the beginning of the file may be necessary,
depending on where the first FLG command was used. Save the text file when you
are done.

Now run either the ES/WDS conversion program (EZ2WDS.IMG in DL10) if you used
Easyscript or a compatible word processor, or SS/WDS (SP2WDS.IMG in DL10) if
you used Speedscript. The program will first ask you for the name of the text
file. Enter the filename and wait for the file to load.

Next the program asks for the title of the song. This is the full title that is
printed in the Singalong song menu. It may be up to 36 characters long. The
program will not let you type characters that may not be used in the title.

The program will then ask for the filename of the words file to be produced,
excluding the .WDS extension. This name should be the same as the root name of
the corresponding .MUS file, and may be up to 12 characters long.

If you also used the root name for the text file, you may instead just press
Return and the program will add the .WDS extension to that name to form the
filename.

The program begins the conversion process by scratching an earlier version of
the .WDS file if it exists. The screen is then changed to the colors used in
the Singalong player and the text lines are printed to the screen as they are
converted.

If a line is detected to have more than 38 characters, an error message will be
printed, the incomplete .WDS file will be scratched, and the program will end.
A verse line may not exceed 38 printable characters, or the printing will be
screwed up in the Singalong player.

After the conversion is done and the .WDS file has been completely written, it
is a good idea to play the song with the .WDS file all the way through at least
once, to check that the verse lines match up properly and that none have been
missed.

One final touch for a Singalong song is to add color or reverse printing to the
verses. When the Singalong player prints each verse line, it always resets the
cursor color to light blue or dark blue as appropriate. To change the color for
the rest of the line, just insert the appropriate character code in the line.
Refer to the chart below for the proper character codes.

If you are using Speedscript, the character codes cannot be entered directly,
so a slightly different scheme is used. When you want to enter a color or
reverse lettering code, first press the Lira (English pound sign) key while
holding down the CTRL key. Speedscript will then prompt you to press a format
key. Press the appropriate letter key as shown in the chart below.

 CHR   SS
CODE  KEY  EFFECT

 144   K   BLACK
   5   W   WHITE
  28   R   RED
 159   C   CYAN
 156   P   PURPLE
  30   G   GREEN
  31   B   BLUE
 158   Y   YELLOW
 129   O   ORANGE
 149   N   BROWN
 150   r   LIGHT RED
 151   d   DARK GRAY
 152   m   MEDIUM GRAY
 153   g   LIGHT GREEN
 154   b   LIGHT BLUE
 155   l   LIGHT GRAY
  18   V   REVERSE ON
 146   v   REVERSE OFF

This scheme is pretty straightforward and logical. The letters usually match
the color name, and upper and lower case denote a dark or light color.

Even though these control codes do not increase the printed length of a verse
line, they are each counted as one character by the conversion programs. A
conversion program may therefore report the error that a line has more than 38
characters when in fact the number of printed characters does not exceed 38. To
get around this problem, change the a a larger value, such as 48. Just be extra
careful, then, that the number of letters and other printable characters in
each verse line does not exceed 38.

This concludes the documentation for Sidplayer Singalong. We hope you enjoy the
new dimension of fun that Singalong brings to Sidplayer music.

For any questions on how to use the Sidplayer Editor, or more information on
the FLG command and how to add Sidplayer music to your own programs, please
refer to Volume Two.

* Craig Chamberlain has authored an "Enhanced" Sidplayer program which was
released late in 1986. It is found in the book/disk combo "COMPUTE!'s Music
System for the Commodore 128 & 64." Sidplayer files generated with the original
Sidplayer Editor are compatible with the Enhanced player.

At the present time, COMPUTE! has not allowed the release of a Public Domain
loader/player for Enhanced Sidplayer files; they are playable only with the
loader/player which comes with the program. This means that Enhanced files may
not be compatible with loader/players designed for "original SID files,"
depending on which new commands are used.
SIDPLAYER NEWS #7  February 1987

ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ENHANCED SIDPLAYER

"COMPUTE!'s Music System for the Commodore 128 and 64: The Enhanced Sidplayer"
By Craig Chamberlain
Published by COMPUTE! Books
ISBN 0-87455-074-2
Book and disk combination  $24.95


The Enhanced Sidplayer is here! Sidplayer, the popular music system for the
Commodore 64, has been completely rewritten to support new editing and song
playing features, and to run on the Commodore 128 and 64 computers. This
documentation file describes the various features of this new product.

THE ORIGINAL SIDPLAYER
Sidplayer was first published in COMPUTE!'s "All About The Commodore 64, Volume
Two" and was designed not just for people who knew a lot about music, but for
anyone who had a Commodore 64. It featured an Editor that was like a musical
word processor and which could be used by people who didn't understand sheet
music. For those who were more knowledgeable about music, Sidplayer offered
greater flexibility and more control over songs than other music systems, and
produced songs of impressive quality.

The Sidplayer music system has now been extensively revised and rewritten to
include many "wish list" features and to run on both the Commodore 128 and the
Commodore 64. The two principal parts of the Enhanced Sidplayer music system
are the new Player and the new Editor.

THE ENHANCED PLAYER
The new standalone player offers easy cursor key song selection and can be set
to automatically play any number of songs on a disk. A piano keyboard display
shows piano keys highlighted in colors to indicate which notes are playing.
Songs which have accompanying words, known as Singalong songs, are played with
a verse display that changes in time with the music. Full screen color bitmap
pictures are also supported. The program will play songs created by the
Enhanced Sidplayer, or any of the over 2000 songs that have been done on the
original Sidplayer. Songs up to 150 blocks long can be played.

NEW FEATURES OF THE ENHANCED EDITOR
The Editor was rewritten from scratch and incorporates over a year's worth of
the most requested improvements. The basic design of the original Editor has
been maintained, but it is now a 35K 100% machine language program, so it is
very fast and has room for several new features.

From the Main Menu, you can load a Sidplayer song and play it while watching
the piano keyboard display. Fast forwarding can now be done from the keyboard,
and Clobber errors during fast forwarding have been eliminated. You can also
play individual voices without any Tempo or Undefined Phrase Call errors. You
can even make the song resume playing after it has stopped.

To play a Singalong song in the Editor, just switch to the Singalong Screen,
load the words file, and start the playing. Since you can see the words
displayed as the music plays right in the Editor, getting the words to match up
with the music is now a lot easier.

Notes are entered on the Editing Screen by computer keyboard or joystick.
Pitches and durations can be selected by letter keys or be set in joystick
fashion by the I, J, K, and M keys which is faster for some people. The
joystick entry has been redone so that more note features can be entered from
the joystick. Support has been added for triplets, sixty fourth notes, double
sharp and double flat accidentals, and double dotted durations. The notes can
be displayed on a grand staff or a treble, bass, alto, tenor, or soprano staff.
The number of beats in the current measure is also displayed and updated as you
enter the notes, and you can have the Editor automatically start a new measure
when the current measure is full.

Editing is easier with a cut and paste feature and an undelete key for when you
accidentally delete or overwrite a note. You can also move to the previous or
next measure with one keystroke. Numerous other features such as key repeats,
scrolling speed, and an automatic insert mode, can be selected to configure the
Editor to your preferences. A Help Screen helps you remember the various
keystrokes.

The overall development time for a song is greatly decreased by the ability to
play the song on the Editing Screen, starting at any position in the song. Now
you won't get tired of a song by having to play it from the beginning all the
time.

The Command Screen offers thirteen new commands, including one that lets you
play any note duration at any tempo. Other commands support pulse width
vibrato, new modulation effects, eight more phrases, and other features. The
new editing features such as cut and paste, undelete, playing, and next or
previous measure are also available on this screen. A command search feature is
available as well. Two Help Screens include a tempo chart so you can quickly
find the right tempo or duration.

A new screen, called the Display Screen, shows all the current values of the
various commands and updates them while the song plays. This screen is very
helpful as it shows you which phrases are in use and helps you find problems in
a song . The Display Screen also lets you play a song repeatedly from one
measure to another.

COMMODORE 128 VERSION
The Commodore 128 version of the Editor takes advantage of the C128's greater
memory and faster disk speed. You can load a song up to 150 blocks long on the
C128 Editor, and hold 80 blocks of notes in the cut and paste buffer. If you
have a 1571 disk drive, the songs will load much faster. Note: The Commodore
128 version runs in the 40 column mode.

THE BOOK
The text consists of 247 pages explaining every facet of the Enhanced Sidplayer
music system, from chapters on beginning music theory for those who know
nothing about music, to chapters on the new advanced commands such as the
modulation effects. One chapter describes a sample session to help you learn
the Editor as quickly as possible. Other chapters tell how to create Singalong
songs, how to merge your songs with BASIC programs, and how to use the other
Sidplayer utility programs. The text is clear and contains many examples and
illustrations. Compared to the 100 pages of actual text devoted to Sidplayer in
Volume Two, you know that there is a lot of new material here.

THE DISK
The disk that comes with the book includes the Player, the Editor, many sample
songs, and various utility programs. Commodore 128 versions of these programs,
to run in native C128 mode, are on one side of the disk, and C64 versions are
on the other side.

NOT PUBLIC DOMAIN
The Enhanced Sidplayer programs are copyrighted by COMPUTE! Publications, Inc.
and are not in the Public Domain. They may not be distributed without
permission from the publisher.

WHERE AVAILABLE
The Enhanced Sidplayer is sold as a book and disk combination so you don't have
to type in any programs. The price for the book and disk is $24.95, which is
still less than other commercial music systems, and it is available from
bookstores and computer stores or direct from the publisher. The major
bookstores do not seem to be automatically stocking the book, so you will
probably not see it on the shelves and will have to place a special order for
it. See the beginning of this document for the full title and ISBN number. To
order direct from the publisher, call COMPUTE! toll free at 1-800-346-6767 and
have your credit card handy, or send $24.95 plus $2.00 for shipping and
handling to COMPUTE! Books, P.O. B ox 5038, F.D.R. Station, New York, NY 10150.




SIDPLAYER NEWS #8  February 1987

THE ENHANCED SIDPLAYER - ERRORS AND CORRECTIONS

"COMPUTE!'s Music System for the Commodore 128 and 64: The Enhanced Sidplayer"
By Craig Chamberlain
Published by COMPUTE! Books
ISBN 0-87455-074-2
Book and disk combination  $24.95

Sidplayer, the popular music system for the Commodore 64, has been completely
rewritten to support new editing and song playing features, and to run on the
Commodore 128 and 64 computers. See Sidnews #7 for more information about this
new product. The following documentation file lists the known typographical
errors, omissions, program bugs, reported problems, and suggested improvements.

TEXT
1. (vi) Under the Acknowledgments heading, Stan Halaby's name is misspelled as
Stan Halavy.
2. (vi) The following two paragraphs were omitted from the Foreword, and should
follow the Acknowledgments:

ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Craig Chamberlain is a senior at the University of Michigan, majoring in
Computer Science. Harry Bratt is also a senior at the University of Michigan
and is majoring in Linguistics and Philosophy.

For this version of Sidplayer, Craig wrote all of the programs and the text,
and Harry designed the Editor including its screens.

3. (18) After Figure 2-4, the sentence should state that eight octaves
(numbered 0-7) can be displayed.
4. (40) The section titled Resume Playing should mention that the Resume
feature is also not available if the song stopped playing due to an error.
5. (69) Under Decrement Measure-Marker numbers, the message that appears in the
message window is DECREMENTED not DECREMENT.
6. (76) The "." key to select a dotted duration is not listed in the keystroke
summary.
7. (76) The meanings for INST/DEL and SHIFT-INST/DEL are reversed in the
keystroke summary.
8. (190) In Figure 14-9, a sharp sign is missing on the last C note in the
first measure. The notes should be labeled C, C#, F#, and C#.
9. (258) Under VDP and VRT, an undocumented feature of the P&V command is that
it will allow vibrato and pulse width vibrato to continue during a rest.
10. (262) The filename of a Koalapad format picture file must be padded with
spaces to a length of 16 characters for the Rename to work.

The chart listing instrument parameters on page 349 of Volume Two was omitted
because it isn't possible to emulate instruments realistically on the SID chip
and because the settings give different effects on different SID chips. There
are no "magic numbers" to give you the sounds of various instruments. A
parameter list is a helpful starting place for creating sounds, but sometimes
such a list discourages experimentation. The best way to find new settings is
to experiment and to examine settings in other songs.

DISK
1. The Player freezes up when it opens the directory and an error such as
Device Not Present occurs.
2. The Editor does not detect if a non-music file is loaded when the "*"
wildcard has been used in the load filename, so the error NOT A MUSIC FILE is
never reported. What often happens with wildcard usage is that the .WDS file
for a song gets loaded instead, and the Editor crashes when an attempt is made
to display the notes. The best advice is to not use wildcards when a song file
has a corresponding words or picture file.
3. On the Command Screen, the F7 feature to advance to the next occurrence of a
particular command with any value is not reliable for DEF and CAL commands.
4. The C128 version of the SID COPIER utility will crash under some
circumstances. This is possibly caused by the program not having as many free
blocks to copy as displayed. Try leaving 50 blocks free.
5. The sync mode sample song TPI14 is missing from the disk.

REPORTED PROBLEMS
1. Those with a good musical ear will notice slight timing differences in songs
played on the new Player and Editor. This is probably a result of necessary
code changes to support the new features. Try playing any problem songs on a
screen without sprites to see if the timing is better.
2. A few existing songs may stop playing on the new Player due to a Clobber
error. This error occurs when too many commands are placed between notes. A
sure way to get this error is to define phrases at the beginning of a voice
which are not used until later in the song. This is not a good practice, and
warnings about this practice were included in Volume Two and in other
documentation. Fifteen or twenty commands at the beginning of each voice are
just too many for Sidpla yer to process in one jiffy. With the new playing
code, songs which came close to causing a Clobber error before may actually do
so now. Songs with this problem can be restructured so that they will be
playable on the new Player.
3. Some people have reported differences in filtering effects on the new Player
compared to the earlier players. This is being investigated.

SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS
1. On the Player, have the Return key work like the F1 key so that it may also
be used to select songs.
2. On the Player, when playing a song with words and a picture and the P key is
pressed to go from a full picture to a split picture, the Singalong words
always appear in the window, even when it was the text lines that were last
displayed. Have the program remember whether words or text lines were last
displayed, and redisplay them accordingly.
3. On the Player, remove the dancing dots that are visible at the bottom of the
screen when a song is playing on a Commodore 128 in 64 or 128 mode.

STATUS
The errors in the text may be fixed if there is a reprint. The program bugs
will be investigated and fixed, and a new master disk will be produced if there
is a disk reprint. The suggested improvements have already been implemented,
and cleanup on other programs such as the SID MENU is being considered.

The author would appreciate being informed of any other errors found in the
book or disk. He may be contacted on the following telecommunication services:

Compuserve   72240,114
Delphi       CRAIGCH
PlayNET      Craig C5
QuantumLink  CraigC12




SIDPLAYER NEWS #9  March 1987

SIDPLAYER FILE TYPES AND SELF-DISSOLVING LIBRARY FILES

This documentation file explains the various types of song files, identified by
the .MUS, .WDS, and .PIC filename extensions, as well as the self-dissolving
library files identified by the .SAL, .PIL, and .WPL filename extensions. It
also gives instructions on how to use the WPLMAKER utility to create
self-dissolving library files.

SIDPLAYER SONGS
A Sidplayer music file is identified by a .MUS filename extension. To play a
Sidplayer music file you need a song player program. The .MUS file contains
only data and no code, so you cannot just LOAD and RUN or use SYS to hear the
music. Existing players include KPLAY (with a piano keyboard display), MPLAY
("Multiplay" with autoplaying feature), Magic Sid Machine, SIDPIC, and the
Enhanced Player.

Sidplayer songs are created by the Sid Editor program published in the books
"All About the Commodore 64, Volume Two" and "The Complete 64" (a book and disk
combination) by COMPUTE! Books. The new Enhanced Editor, and the Enhanced
Player, are published in "COMPUTE!'s Music System for the Commodore 128 and 64:
The Enhanced Sidplayer." The Sid Editor programs and the Enhanced Player are
copyrighted and are not in the Public Domain. See SIDNEWS #7 for more
information about the Enhanced Sidplayer book.

SINGALONG SONGS
Singalong songs are songs which have an accompanying words file. The filename
for the words file is the same as the filename for the music file, except that
the .MUS filename extension is replaced with a .WDS extension. To play a
Singalong song you need the Singalong player, the SIDPIC player, or the
Enhanced Player program, and both the .MUS and .WDS files must be on the disk.
The player will load the two files and play the music while displaying the
words. You may also listen to just the music file of a Singalong song by using
any of the regular song player programs.

The words file for a Singalong song must be created by a special utility
program to insure the correct file format. The utility program and instructions
for creating Singalong songs can be found in the Enhanced Sidplayer book.

SONGS WITH PICTURES
Some songs have an accompanying picture file, identified by a .PIC filename
extension. This is a full screen bitmap picture in Doodle or Koala format that
is displayed while the music plays. The SIDPIC and Enhanced Player programs can
accommodate picture files.

As explained in the Enhanced Sidplayer book, a .PIC file can be created by
simply renaming a Doodle or Koala format picture to the name of the music file
but with the .PIC extension.

SELF-DISSOLVING LIBRARY FILES
Since a music file may also have a words or picture file or both, two or three
separate files could have to be downloaded to get a complete song. For your
down loading convenience, songs with words or a picture are available in a
bundled format called a "library" file. You can download one library file for a
song and then "dissolve" it into the separate files on your computer.

A self-dissolving library file is one which does not require that you run a
library utility program to dissolve the library file. You just LOAD the
self-dissolving library file and then RUN it, and it writes the separate files
to your disk. After the individual files have been written, you can scratch the
library file. Because the self-dissolving library file is actually a program
loaded into memory, you do not need to have the library file on the same disk
that the separate files are written to.

MUSIC AND WORDS (.SAL) LIBRARY FILES
A file with the .SAL filename extension is a self-dissolving library file that
consists of the music and words files for one Sidplayer song. Download the
.SAL file and then LOAD and RUN it, and it will write the .MUS and .WDS files
to your disk and then give you the option of scratching the .SAL file. Be sure
to have as many free blocks on the disk as there are in the .SAL file before
you dissolve the file.

MUSIC AND PICTURE (.PIL) LIBRARY FILES
A file with a .PIL extension consists of the music and picture files for one
song. A simple data compression technique is used in the .PIL file to reduce
the size of the picture data. The picture data is uncompressed to normal size
when the .PIL file is dissolved. Because of the data compression, the two
separate files may together take up more disk blocks than the .PIL file.

MUSIC, WORDS, AND PICTURE (.WPL) LIBRARY FILES

A file with a .WPL extension consists of the music, words, and picture files
for one song. Again, data compression is used for the picture data.

THE WPLMAKER UTILITY
Use the WPLMAKER utility program to create a .SAL, .PIL, or .WPL file for a
Sidplayer song. Just LOAD the program and RUN it, insert the disk with the song
to be libraried, and enter the name of that song at the filename prompt. The
program will first read the .MUS file for that song, then read the .WDS file if
it exists, and finally read the .PIC file if it exists. The program will next
prompt you to insert the destination disk and press any key, and then write the
.SAL, .PIL, or .WPL file as appropriate.

A words or picture file must exist in order to create a library file. If only a
music file for the specified song is on the disk, the WPLMAKER program will
print an error message and stop.

If you are going to create several self-dissolving library files and you have a
second disk drive as device number 9, change the statement DW=8 at the
beginning of the WPLMAKER program to DW=9 and the library files will be written
to the second drive.

The WPLMAKER utility replaces the earlier SALMAKER and PILMAKER programs and
should be used instead. The library files written by WPLMAKER contain the
revised disk I/O routines with the improved error detection.




                                 "SIDPIC V2.5"
                     (Part III, in 3D-A New Beginning, or...
                             The Final Chapter???)

                             By Kermit R. Woodall

     SIDPIC was written for  myself  and  various  members  of  U.S.N.  to
     replace, or provide an  alternative  to  SINGALONG  and  the  regular
     SIDPlayers like KPLAY. At the request of a friend, who happens to  be
     a KOALAPAD(tm) artist, I added a new feature for the SID music world.
     Now, if you follow the instructions  below,  you  can  display  HIRES
     graphics while your SID music plays!!!

     This  version  contains  several  new  features  not   available   or
     improperly implemented in the earlier version. You can now use  COLOR
     and RVS codes in you .WDS files with no problems.  While  a  song  is
     playing, the function keys do basically the same things as they do in
     the selection mode. "F1" selects the note display over .WDS  or  .PIC
     displays, "F3" skips to the next song in the  play  list  when  using
     "F3" select all, "F5" is now the menu key instead  of  "*"  and  "F7"
     will exit from playing song and return you to the menu-even  in  "F3"
     mode. SIDPIC now has TRUE multiplay of selected songs, see  below  on
     how to use this! Finally, SIDPIC supports use  of  the  MOUSE  (or  a
     Joystick) for selection of single songs for playing!

     As soon as you RUN the SIDPIC you will see the title screen  where  a
     very brief explanation is given of how SIDPIC works. Just hit  RETURN
     to have SIDPIC read a directory from the disk of  all  the  SIDPlayer
     (.MUS) files. All the .MUS filenames will be displayed on the screen.
     At this point you do not need to worry if one file  has  words  or  a
     picture to go with it, when you select to play  a  certain  piece  of
     music SIDPIC will figure out if it is just  music  or  if  there  are
     words or a picture too!

     To select one music file, just  use  the  cursor  keys  to  move  the
     blinking cursor to the name of the  music  you  want.  Hit  the  "F1"
     function key to pick that music.

     To select to play ALL of the music files on the screen, just hit  the
     "F3" function key. One by one, all the  music  will  be  played-along
     with any words or pictures that go with them!

     To use the new MULTIPLAYING feature, move to a song you want to play.
     Use SHIFT-RETURN to highlight the name of the song  in  light  green.
     Once you have selected all the songs you want to play,  now  hit  the
     "F3" key. It will now play only  the  selected  songs,  not  ALL.  To
     return "F3" to the mode to play ALL songs, just re-read the directory
     of songs.

     If you want a new directory off another disk, just change disks  then
     hit the "F5" function key. SIDPIC will then  re-read  the  directory.

     If you happen to have more than 51 SIDs per disk side,  you  can  hit
     "F2" to make SIDPIC list the next 51 SIDs. This can continue  for  as
     many SIDs as you may have on your disk.  When  reading  in  the  next
     page, SIDPIC  will  pause  while  reading  past  the  previous  SIDs.

     If you have finished, just hit the "F7" function  key  and  you  will
     return to BASIC. To restart SIDPIC, just type RUN again.

     The first mode is the "Just Plain Music" mode. SIDPIC will display  a
     stylized Grand Staff on the screen and as the  music  plays  a  music
     "note" will move up and down the staff in time to the music  for  all
     three voices, but the "note" will NOT be in a proper musical position
     as the display works. The display is meant only as a demo. The  notes
     can change their color from the defaults if you use the  AUX  command
     in the manner of KPLAY to do so. You CANNOT change a note to be black
     as that is the color of the background  of  the  screen!  If  you  do
     change the color to black, the note will turn white instead. To  stop
     playing the music hit F7 key to return to the menu.  This  will  even
     return to the menu if you are using F3 to play all or selected songs.
     If you hit F5 you will return to the menu and the directory of  songs
     will be reread. If you hit F3 you will abort the current song and  go
     to the next song you have selected to play. If you hit F1 and you are
     using words or pictures with your music, then you will return to  the
     notes display while playing the song.

     The second mode will play any SINGALONG words for you while the music
     plays too! The SINGALONG words are stored in  a  file  that  has  the
     exact same name as the music file, execept that the music  file  name
     ends with a ".MUS" and the word file name ends  with  a  ".WDS"!  Any
     words file will work just fine with  SIDPIC.  SIDPIC  uses  only  the
     upper case letters you would normally type in when you first turn  on
     your computer. Even though most SINGALONG word  files  currently  use
     upper and the lower case letters, SIDPIC will take care of  that  and
     translate the letters to all upper case!

     For further information on SINGALONG word files,  I  suggest  reading
     Craig Chamberlain's SIDNEWS files that  deal  with  them!  (Technical
     note: for those who might be interested, the original SINGALONG  used
     true ASCII text  files  and  SIDPIC  can  use  those  or  just  plain
     Commodore "PETSCII" text too! But  you  ARE  encouraged  to  use  the
     regular type of SINGALONG file format!)

     The brand new mode, only supported by SIDPIC, is the display of HIRES
     pictures while playing music. To make a picture file you will need to
     start with a HIRES picture made by KOALAPAD, Doodle or  a  compatible
     graphics editor or convert your picture to one of these formats using
     a conversion utility program. SIDPIC can ONLY  use  KOALA  or  Doodle
     type picture formats for it's display! Any other format will just  be
     ignored by SIDPIC, including crunched versions of the above  pictures
     or the standalone pictures that load and display themselves. Once you
     have a HIRES picture that is in an  appropriate  format,  rename  the
     file containing the picture to have the same name as the music  file,
     except use ".PIC" instead of ".MUS". This follows the  same  type  of
     standard in names set up by the word files! Remember,  instead  of  a
     ".MUS" ending to the name use  a  ".PIC"  ending!  The  ".PIC"  tells
     SIDPIC that the file is a picture. SIDPIC knows what to  do  with  it
     after that!

     There has been one, recently discovered  limitation  of  using  .PICs
     with your music. The .MUS file cannot be any longer  than  35  blocks
     for a Koala .PIC, or 37 blocks for a Doodle!

     You can now use your .MUS with .WDS AND .PICs!!! Just leave  the  two
     lines at the bottom for your words to appear on, and name  all  THREE
     files, .MUS .WDS .PIC, to have the same  prefix  as  each  other  and
     SIDPIC will figure  out  the  rest.  You  can  use  Doodle  or  Koala
     pictures, although the text  on  a  Koala  screen  will  be  somewhat
     blurry. The words will be in UPPER and LOWER case in  this  mode  and
     color/RVS codes are ignored entirely! One last  note,  when  starting
     your .MUS, put a 1/2 note rest in the music to give  SIDPIC  time  to
     display your song's title!

     If you own the Commodore 1350 MOUSE, you are encouraged to  use  this
     handy little critter when selecting a song or two to play,  (joystick
     may be substituted). Just move the mouse around to  move  the  cursor
     onscreen. To select & play a song hit the fire button. When playing a
     song, the fire button will take you to the note  display.  Any  other
     mouse movement will abort the song when playing.





 10 dim v(15,60),x$(50),v$(15,60):cr$=chr$(147):ct$="-----calculating ----"
 20 dim l$(50):printcr$
 30 printcr$
 35 print"------column calculator-------"
 40 print"    1.  view columns
 50 print"    2.  enter data
 60 print"    3.  do calculations
 70 print"    4.  zero matrix
 80 print"    5.  get data from tape
 90 print"    6.  put data back on tape
 100 print"    7.  memory check
 110 print"    8. print data on printer"
 120 print
 130 print"    what is your choice?"
 140 get an$:if an$="" then 140
 150 on val(an$)gosub 250,1120,1270,180,740,910,1070,2860
 160 goto 30
 170 rem zero  matrix
 180 printcr$
 185 print"zeroing matrix..col >           "
 190 for x=1 to 15:printchr$(145)tab(22)x
 200 for y=1 to 50
 210 v(x,y)=0
 220 nexty
 230 nextx
 240 return
 250 rem set  up display
 260 printcr$
 270 input "enter column(1 to 13):";c%
 280 if c%<1 or c%>13 then printcr$;:goto270
 290 print:input "enter row (1 to 31):";r%
 300 if r%<1 or r%>31 then printcr$;:goto290
 310 printcr$;:gosub 580
 320 printchr$(19)chr$(17)
 330 for y=r% to r%+19
 340 printtab(9);
 350 for x=c% to c%+2
 360 x$=str$(v(x,y))
 370 printspc(10-len(x$));x$;
 380 next
 390 printchr$(13);
 400 next
 410 printchr$(17)"enter (u)p,(d)wn,(l)ft,(r)ht,(j)mp or (m)enu";
 420 get c$:if c$="" then 420
 430 rem if c$=up then decrease row by 1
 440 if c$="u" then r%=r%-1:printchr$(13):goto300
 450 rem if c$=down then increase row by 1
 460 if c$="d" then r%=r%+1:printchr$(13):goto300
 470 rem if c$=left then decrease colm by 1
 480 if c$="l" then c%=c%-1:goto550
 490 rem if c$=right then increase colm by 1
 500 if c$="r" then c%=c%+1:goto550
 510 rem if c$=jump enter new row and colm if c$=m,go back to menu
 520 if c$="j" then 260
 530 if c$="m" then return
 540 goto 420:rem reject any other c$ input
 550 if c%<1 then c%=1:goto420
 560 ifc%>13thenc%=13:goto420
 570 goto 310
 580 rem create row and colm headers
 590 printtab(9);
 600 for i=1 to 3
 610 printchr$(18)"    column";
 620 next
 630 printchr$(13);tab(9);
 640 for i=c% to c%+2
 650 s%=7:if i<10 then s%=8
 660 printspc(s%);chr$(18);str$(i);chr$(146);
 670 next
 680 printchr$(13);
 690 for i=r% to r%+19
 700 s%=1:if i<10 then s%=2
 710 printtab(2)chr$(18);"row";spc(s%);str$(i)"
 720 next
 730 return
 740 rem get data from tape
 750 input"what is name of file you want";fl$
 760 print:print"make sure tape is ready..push any key when ready"
 770 print"push 'm' to return to menu"
 780 geta$:ifa$=""then780
 790 ifa$="m"then return
 800 printcr$"looking for ";fl$
 810 open1,1,0,(fl$)
 820 print"found ";fl$;" .....loading"
 830 for x=1 to 12:print"loading data into col"x
 840 for y=1 to 49
 850 input#1,v(x,y)
 860 next y
 870 next x
 880 close 1:print"ok.....got data"
 890 for i=1 to 1000:next i
 900 return
 910 rem put data on disk
 920 input"what do you want to name this file";fl$
 930 print"make sure tape is rewound,hit any key when ready"
 940 print"push 'm' to return to menu"
 950 geta$:if a$="" then 950
 960 ifa$="m"then return
 970 printcr$"----putting data on disk--------   "
 980 open1,1,2,(fl$)
 990 for x=1 to 12:print"storing data from col"x
 1000 for y=1 to 49
 1010 print#1,v(x,y)
 1020 next y
 1030 next x
 1040 close1:print"ok.....data on disk"
 1050 for i=1 to1000:next i
 1060 return
 1070 rem memeory check
 1080 printfre(a)
 1090 for i=1 to 1000:next i
 1100 return
 1110 rem enter data routine
 1120 printcr$:print
 1130 print"what column number do you wish(1-12)
 1140 inputcl
 1150 if cl=13 or cl=14 or cl=15 thenprint"reserved for totals":goto1130
 1160 print:print"how many rows do you want to work with(1-50)"
 1170 inputk
 1180 print:print"row","current","column";cl
 1190 for y=1 to k
 1200 print:printy,v(cl,y),:fori=1to11:printchr$(157);:next:inputv:v(cl,y)=v
 1210 next y
 1220 print"enter 'c' for another column"
 1230 print"'m' for the menu.";
 1240 getd$:if d$="" then 1240
 1250 ifd$="c"then 1120
 1260 return
 1270 rem calculation menu
 1280 printcr$
 1290 print"you may choose any of the following"
 1300 print"  1. sum all columns...............1450
 1310 print"  2. sum all rows..................1600
 1320 print"  3. reproduce any column..........1710
 1330 print"  4. add,mult,div,sub,at any point.1790
 1340 print"  5. average all columns...........2170
 1350 print"  6. all rows as % of base row.....2250
 1360 print"  7. all col as % of base col......2370
 1370 print"  8. sum individual col........... 2560
 1380 print"  9. unused                ........2510
 1390 print" 'm' returns you to main menu"
 1400 print:print"which one?";
 1410 get an$:if an$=""then1410
 1420 if an$="m" then return
 1430 on val(an$)gosub 1450,1600,1710,1790,2170,2250,2370,2560,2490
 1440 goto1280
 1450 rem sum all colmns
 1460 printcr$"do you wish to designate the rows to  be summed?"
 1470 geta$:ifa$=""then1470
 1480 ifa$="n"then s1=1:s2=49:goto 1500
 1490 print:input"sum rows between s1,s2";s1,s2
 1500 printcr$;ct$:print"summing columns >               "
 1510 for x=1 to 14
 1520 v(x,s2+1)=0
 1530 next x
 1540 for x=1 to 14:printchr$(145)tab(22)x
 1550 for y=s1to s2
 1560 v(x,s2+1)=v(x,s2+1)+v(x,y)
 1570 next y
 1580 next x
 1590 return
 1600 rem sum all rows
 1610 printcr$;ct$:print"summing rows >                  "
 1620 for y=1 to 48
 1630 v(13,y)=0
 1640 next y
 1650 for y=1 to 48:printchr$(145)tab(22)y
 1660 for x=1 to 12
 1670 v(13,y)=v(13,y)+v(x,y)
 1680 next x
 1690 next y
 1700 return
 1710 rem reproduce any col
 1720 printcr$:input"which col do you wish";cx
 1730 printcr$;ct$:print"duplicating col"cx" into col >            "
 1740 for x=cx+1 to 12:printchr$(145)tab(32)x
 1750 for y=1 to 49
 1760 v(x,y)=v(cx,y)
 1770 next y:next x
 1780 return
 1790 rem add,mult,sub,div,exchg at any point
 1800 printcr$"do you wish to "
 1810 print"  1.add  2.mult  3.sub  4.div  5.exchg "
 1820 geta$:if a$="" then 1820
 1830 if val(a$)<1 or val(a$)>5 then 1800
 1840 on val(a$)goto 1850,1910,1970,2030,2100
 1850 rem add
 1860 input"enter the amount you want added";ad
 1870 input"what col #";x
 1880 input"what row #";y
 1890 v(x,y)=v(x,y)+ad
 1900 goto 2160
 1910 rem mult routine
 1920 printcr$:input"enter the amount to mult by";ml
 1930 input"what col #";x
 1940 input"what row #";y
 1950 v(x,y)=v(x,y)*ml
 1960 goto 2160
 1970 rem sub routine
 1980 printcr$:input"enter the amount to be sub";sb
 1990 input"what col #";x
 2000 input"what row #";y
 2010 v(x,y)=v(x,y)-sb
 2020 goto 2160
 2030 rem div routine
 2040 printcr$:input"enter the amount to div by";dv
 2050 input"what col #";x
 2060 input"what row #";y
 2070 v(x,y)=v(x,y)/dv
 2080 v(x,y)=int(v(x,y)*1000+.5)/1000
 2090 goto 2160
 2100 rem exchg routine
 2110 printcr$:input"enter amount to be exchged";ex
 2120 input"what col #";x
 2130 input"what row #";y
 2140 v(x,y)=ex
 2150 goto 2160
 2160 return
 2170 rem average the col
 2180 printcr$:input"enter the number of cols to be averaged";ave
 2190 printcr$;ct$:print"averaging columns.. row >        "
 2200 for y=1 to 50:printchr$(145)tab(27)y
 2210 if v(13,y)=0 then 2230
 2220 v(14,y)=v(13,y)/ave:v(14,y)=int(v(14,y)*1000+.5)/1000
 2230 next y
 2240 return
 2250 rem rows as %of base row
 2260 printcr$:input"which is your base row";br
 2270 printcr$;ct$:print"all rows as % of row"br
 2280 print"calculating col >            "
 2290 for x=1 to 13:printchr$(145)tab(20)x
 2300 for y=1 to 50
 2310 if y=br then2340
 2320 if v(x,br)=0 then 2340
 2330 v(x,y)=v(x,y)/v(x,br):v(x,y)=int(v(x,y)*10000+.5)/100
 2340 next y
 2350 next x
 2360 return
 2370 rem all col as % of base col
 2380 printcr$:input"which is your base col";cx
 2390 printcr$;ct$:print"all cols as % of col"cx
 2400 print"calculating row >              "
 2410 for y=1 to 50:printchr$(145)tab(20)y
 2420 for x=1 to 12
 2430 if x=cx then 2460
 2440 if v(cx,y)=0 then 2460
 2450 v(x,y)=v(x,y)/v(cx,y):v(x,y)=int(v(x,y)*10000+.5)/100
 2460 next x
 2470 next y
 2480 return
 2490 rem this section not used
 2500 return
 2510 :
 2520 :
 2530 :
 2540 :
 2550 :
 2560 rem sum single col
 2570 printchr$(147)"Which col do you want to sum?"
 2580 inputca: ifca<1orca>15then2580
 2590 print:print"do you wish to sum certain  rows (y/n)?"
 2600 getyn$:ifyn$<>"y"andyn$<>"n"then2600
 2610 ifyn$="y"thengosub 2680:goto2630
 2620 s1=1:s2=49
 2630 v(ca,s2+1)=0
 2640 fory=s1tos2
 2650 v(ca,s2+1)=v(ca,s2+1)+v(ca,y)
 2660 nexty
 2670 return
 2680 rem set  up designated rows
 2690 input"enter rows to be summed in this col (s1,s2)";s1,s2
 2700 return
 2710 rem set up series of calc
 2720 print:print"how many calculations do you want in this  series (1-8)?"
 2730 getnm$:ifnm$=""then2730
 2740 ifval(nm$)<0orval(nm$)>8then2730
 2750 nm=val(nm$):ifnm=0thenreturn
 2760 print"enter operations you choose in the order they are to be performed"
 2770 fori=1tonm
 2780 print"enter operation #";i;
 2790 getop(i):ifop(i)<1orop(i)>8then2790
 2800 printop(i)
 2810 nexti
 2820 fori=1tonm
 2830 onop(i)gosub 1450,1600,1710,1790,2170,2250,2370,2560
 2840 nexti
 2850 return
 2860 rem print  data routine
 2870 printchr$(147)"make sure printer is on dummy...hit any key when ready."
 2880 print"hit 'm' to return to menu"
 2890 geta$:ifa$=""then2890
 2900 ifa$="m"then return
 2910 print"do you want  to  designate the rows to be printed?"
 2920 geta$:ifa$=""then2920
 2930 ifa$="n"then s1=1:s2=50:goto2960
 2940 input"enter rows to be printed s1,s2";s1,s2
 2950 sp$=chr$(29)
 2960 open 3,4,0:open 2,4,2:open 1,4,1:open4,4,4
 2970 print#2,"aaa 99  aaaaaaaa  99999999  99999999  999.99   s99999999
 2980 print#3,"col",," 1"," 2"," 3"," 4"
 2990 print#3,
 3000 fory=s1tos2
 3010 print#1,"row"sp$,y,,v(1,y),v(2,y),v(3,y),v(4,y)
 3020 nexty:print#3:goto3160
 3030 print#3,"col",," 5"," 6"," 7"," 8"
 3040 fory=s1tos2
 3050 print#1,"row"sp$,y,,v(5,y),v(6,y),v(7,y),v(8,y)
 3060 nexty:print#3
 3070 print#3,"col",," 9","10","11","12"
 3080 fory=s1tos2
 3090 print#1,"row"sp$,y,l$(y)sp$,v(9,y),v(10,y),v(11,y),v(12,y)
 3100 nexty:print#3
 3110 print#2,"aaa 99  aaaaaaaa  9999999.99  9999999.99  9999999.99"
 3120 print#3,"col",,"13","14","15"
 3130 fory=s1tos2
 3140 print#1,"row"sp$,y,,v(13,y),v(14,y),v(15,y)
 3150 nexty
 3160 print#4:close4:close3:close2:close1: return
ready.
This file contains instructions for capturing and then tokenizing a
simple terminal program that will allow you to use Xmodem to download another
program of your choice.  The tokenizing instructions are from John Iannetta,
73510,2152; the communications program was written by Gary Farmaner,
76703,3050.

     Use your capture buffer to store this information to a disk, if at all
possible.  You may wish to print it out for reference after you've captured
it.  If you don't have a capture buffer, press control-S to stop the screen
while you copy down the information, then press control-Q to start the scroll
again.

To tokenize the file into a BASIC program, type in the following
lines:

500 printchr$(147);"run500"
550 poke152,1
600 get#8,a$:printa$;
650 ifa$=chr$(13)then800
700 ifstthenclose8:end
750 goto600
800 poke631,19:poke632,17:poke633,13
850 poke634,19:poke635,13:poke198,5

    With that program in memory, in direct mode, type in:

open8,8,8,"filename"  (using whatever you have called your disk file of
                       SIMPLE.TXT)

and press return.  Then RUN the program.

     You should wind up with the tokenized form of SIMPLE.TXT in memory,
followed by:

450 end

and then the above lines.  That program can then be SAVEd to disk.

     If you are using a CBM 1670 modem, you will probably have to press
Commodore-H right after running the program.  Otherwise, the modem will try to
connect at 1200 bps.

Here is the program listing for SIMPLE.TXT:
     This is a very simple Xmodem terminal program.  If you did not use the
tokenizing instructions, type it in exactly as written, and make sure you
proofread thoroughly before you run it.  C128 owners be sure to note the
necessary changes in lines 30 and 430.

    This runs in 300 baud only.  If you have a Hayes compatible modem, you
can use the AT commands to dial and connect.  If you have an auto-dial modem
that is not Hayes compatible (like a 1660, 1650, Mitey Mo, Westridge, etc)
you should run the program, then dial the telephone yourself as though you
were making a voice phone call, and when CIS answers, switch your modem to
Originate.  When CIS tells you to begin the Xmodem transfer, press
Commodore-D to begin.

10 rem simple Xmodem terminal by Gary Farmaner 76703,3050
20 :
30 rem make this line FAST:BANK15 for C128 mode (80 columns)
40 open2,2,0,chr$(6)+chr$(0)
50 poke 56579,38:printchr$(14)
60 :
70 get#2,c$:if c$="" then150
80 c=asc(c$)and127:if c>96 then c=c-32:goto130
90 if c>64 and c<91 then c=c or128:goto130
100 if c=13 then printchr$(13)chr$(145);:goto150
110 if c=10 then c=17:goto130
120 if c=8 then c=20
130 printchr$(c);:goto70
140 :
150 getk$:if k$="" then70
160 k=asc(k$):if k=172 then gosub260:goto70
170 if k=180 then p=peek(56577):poke56577,(pandnot32)or(notpand32):goto70
180 if k=20 then k=8:goto220
190 if k<65 then 220
200 if k>64 and k<91 then k=k+32:goto220
210 if k>128 then k=kand127
220 print#2,chr$(k);:goto70
230 :
240 rem download using Xmodem
250 :
260 n$="":input"Filename";n$:if n$="" then return
270 print "Device number 8"chr$(157)chr$(157)chr$(157);:inputdv
280 printchr$(17)"Downloading: ";n$
290 open8,dv,8,n$+",p,w":b=1:print
300 v$=chr$(21)
310 :
320 print#2,v$;:poke161,0
330 ifpeek(161)=3 then330
340 get#2,c$:if c$="" then330
350 if c$=chr$(4) then close8:print#2,chr$(6);:print:print"Done":return
360 if c$<>chr$(1) then340
370 gosub430:b1=c:gosub430:ck=0
380 for x=0to127:gosub430:poke49152+x,c:ck=(ck+c)and255:next
390 gosub430:if b<>b1 or c<>ck then print"*";:goto300
400 for x=0to127:print#8,chr$(peek(49152+x));:next
410 print"-";:v$=chr$(6):b=(b+1)and255:goto320
420 :
430 if peek(667)=peek(668)then430:rem peek(2584),peek(2585) for C128
440 get#2,c$:c=asc(c$+chr$(0)):return



*********** SCREEN-MAKER *************

 (c) 1986  Merwin Updyke


  SCREEN-MAKER is a full color/graphic
screen processor. It allows you to 
design a color/graphic screen to be
used in BBS systems or to be read into
other programs. It will make a SEQ
file of a "screen" up to 10 screens in
length, including color change and
reverse codes.


**** FEATURES:

   The "work screen" is the one you
see and can change. Changing the work
screen does not change the ten
buffers. You can work on ten separate
screens or combinations of screens
up to ten screens in length. The 
following descriptions of the
features helps you understand how
Screen-Maker works.

(NOTE: Buffers are numbered 0-9 )


Keys:

    f1....Displays the menu of 
          functions. Hitting f7 will
          take you back to your
          work screen.

    f3....This takes you to the
          screen shown at start-up.
          When you show this screen, 
          nothing is changed in the
          work screen or buffers.

    f6....This does a power-on reset
          of the c64, same as turning
          it off and back on.

    f7....Pressing this key lets you
          out of a mode without
          changing anything. If
          pressing f7 doesn't work
          try pressing <return> and
          then f7.

   <LEFT ARROW>  This is used to end
          a line. Forgetting to put
          it at the end of each
          line may produce 
          unpredictable results in
          your program. After finding
          a complete line of spaces
          without the <left arrow>,
          SAVE and PRINT quit,
          returning to work screen.
          You can put in the <left
          arrow> using the left
          arrow key or <return>.

   <GREATER THAN> The ">" is used
          in some programs at the
          extreem left of the screen
          as an end-of-screen 
          indicator. Screen-Maker
          will also recognize the
          ">" at extreem left as a
          cue to stop SAVE and PRINT.
          This will allow each
          buffer to be used for 
          different screens.


Modes:

RIGHT -  This is the normal typing
      mode, from left to right.

DOWN - This mode allows typing from
      top to bottom. This is very
      useful for making boxes and
      putting left arrows in screens
      made by word processors.

SHOW - This takes a screen from a
      buffer of your choice and puts
      it on the work screen for you
      to make changes. Whatever was
      on the work screen will be lost,
      but the buffers are not changed.

STORE - This takes the work screen
      and puts it in the buffer of 
      your choice, replacing whatever
      was in the buffer. This must be
      done before a SAVE or PRINT for
      changes made on the work screen
      to be included.

INSERT - This inserts blank lines on
      the work screen. Lines scrolled
      off the bottom will be lost from
      the work screen (though they are
      still in the buffer). 

DELETE - This deletes the designated
      number of lines on the work
      screen, bringing the rest of
      the lines up, leaving blank
      lines at the bottom.

PRINT - This mode starts at the
      beginning of screen zero and
      out-puts to a 1525 compatable
      printer until it reaches a
      ">" at the far left, of 41
      spaces without a left arrow.
      It can print a "screen" up to
      ten screens long.
      The name it asks for is
      printed as the title of the
      screen.

DIR - This displays the disk directory
      on the work screen. Hitting
      a key will pause the display,
      hitting <RUN/STOP> will stop
      the display. You can then STORE
      store it to a buffer if you like
      for further reference.

DISK - This mode allows the sending
      of standard disk commands, like
      S:NAME to scratch a file,
      R:NEW,OLD to rename a file, and
      V to validate a disk, etc.
      (See your drive manual.)
      Do not use quotes.

LOAD - This will read a SEQ file into
      the buffers, putting in color
      and reverse, starting with
      buffer zero, putting the first
      25 lines on the work screen.

SAVE - This will save a SEQ file of
      your "screen" in the buffers,
      including color change codes
      and reverse codes to your disk.
      It starts with screen zero and
      continues through all buffers
      until a line of spaces without
      a left arrow or a ">" at the
      far left of a line.

CLEAR - This fills all ten buffers
      with spaces so you can start
      fresh.

**** USING SCREEN-MAKER FILES


IN COLOR BBS - This program has been
  used very sucessfully with RIBIT
  color BBS. It requires the ">" at
  the far left as a end-of-file
  indicator. Long files can be
  written using a word processor that
  will generate a SEQ file, then load
  into Screen-Maker to add color
  and graphics.
    Other BBS systems that read SEQ
  files and display color may also
  work. Try loading some files for a
  test.

IN OTHER PROGRAMS - The files made
  with Screen-Maker can simply be
  read by other programs. Just write
  a routine that gets one character
  at a time and prints it to the 
  screen, stopping when ST indicates
  end-of-file or when you encounter
  a character that designates the 
  end of your file. (NOTE: the left
  arrow is translated by Screen-Maker
  into a <RETURN>, CHR$ 13 )
    With Screen-Maker you can make
  elaborate HELP screens for any
  program.


**** FREEWARE

  There is no charge for this
copy-righted program. If you use the
program you are encouraged to send a
small donation to the author. This
will encourage further development
and the writing of more programs.
Pass it on. Put it in club libraries.

The following donations are suggested:

     $5 to show acceptance 

 or $10 to recieve a disk with any
        updates and the complete
        source.

  Also feel free to send any 
questions, comments or suggestions
to me at:

      Merwin Updyke
      609 Bell Avenue
      Altoona, PA  16602

or on CompuServe EasyPlex 

        72267,2454

**** NOTE:

  Screen-Maker is written in FORTH
using the excellent public domain
implementation called "Blazin' FORTH"
by Scott Ballantyne. I highly
recommend it as THE next language
or even first language for you
programmers. It can be found on
CompuServe in the database of the
Programming SIG ( go PCS-116), in
then "Beyond Basic" section.

SIDPLAYER SING ALONG -- INSTRUCTIONS (updated 03/08/87)

Introduction

These instructions explain how to prepare music and words files for use with
SIDPLAYER SING ALONG. The music files are created with the Editor program from
"All About the Commodore 64 -- Volume Two" by Craig Chamberlain**. They are
then modified slightly as will be explained below. Lyrics are first entered
with SpeedScript and then converted to a special file with a program called
SS/WDS (SP2WDS.IMG in DL10). If EasyScript or another wordprocessor which saves
its files as a SEQ file, use EZ2WDS.IMG in DL10.

The Words Files

The words file should be created first. This way, you will know where to place
the "flags" in the music files to coordinate the words to the music.
SpeedScript and a small conversion program called "SS/WDS" must be used. There
are only a few rules to remember:

1) You can use upper and lower case letters. However, the conversion program
SS/WDS will convert the file to all upper case letters. Having the words in all
upper case is more readable than upper and lower case text, particularly on
blurry old TV sets.

2) Use no more than 38 characters on each line. If you go beyond this point,
the words will not be displayed correctly while the music is playing. SS/WDS
will stop running and print a "too many characters" message if you go beyond 38
characters in a line.

3) If you are preparing a song with several verses, be sure to break the text
at the same point in each verse.

When you have the words all entered, save it to the disk using the same name as
you will use for the music (except leave off the ".MUS", of course). Then run
the "SS/WDS" program. It will create a program file with the same name as the
music file plus ".WDS". You will be asked to enter the name of the song. Enter
the title as you want it to appear in the Sing Along menu. You cannot use
commas or colons in the title.

The Music Files

The SING ALONG program watches the "flag" location of the music program. When
this location changes to "1", it prints the next line of text and changes the
flag back to 0. Using the music editor, put a FLG 1 at each point in the music
where a new text line should be printed. Flags need only be placed in one
voice. Print out the text, and move through the music, inserting FLG 1 wherever
needed. Because the first line of music is often repeated, a flag at the
beginning of the music will be ignored. When the phrase is repeated, the flag
will work normally. There must also be a flag at the very end of the music
file.

Sometimes verses require slightly different music due to differing numbers of
syllables in the lyrics. For example, in "The Christmas Song", "yuletide
carols" requires two eighth notes for "carols". When the musical phrase is
repeated, the words are "tiny tots", and "tots" requires one quarter note.
There are two ways to deal with this problem. One way is to reenter the whole
verse. The other is to divide the verse into two or more parts. In the example
above, you would CAL 1, play the quarter note, then CAL 2.

Questions, Comments and Suggestions

SIDPLAYER SING ALONG was written by:
     Bob Huffman
     9607 Dogwood
     Munster, IN 46321
     (219) 924-4881

Comments can be made to the author by writing to the above address, or calling
weekends or evenings before 10:00 P.M. Central time.

December 7, 1985

** Craig Chamberlain has authored an "Enhanced" Sidplayer program which was
released late in 1986. It is found in the book/disk combo "COMPUTE!'s Music
System for the Commodore 128 & 64." Sidplayer files generated with the original
Sidplayer Editor are compatible with the Enhanced player.

At the present time, COMPUTE! has not allowed the release of a Public Domain
loader/player for Enhanced Sidplayer files; they are playable only with the
loader/player which comes with the program. This means that Enhanced files may
not be compatible with loader/players designed for "original SID files,"
depending on which new commands are used.
0 Software for Sale 0     by CCCC      513/248-0025                       0.00
128 CP/M System Disk      Disk                                            1.00
128 CP/M System Disk,     Disk         SN 622-376212                      1.00
128 CP/M System Disk.     Disk                                            1.00
128 CP/M System Disk..    Disk                                            1.00
128 CP/M System Disk...   Disk         SN 622-185011                      1.00
128 CP/M Utilities        Disk         SN 622-3064785                     1.00
128 Tutorial/Demo         Disk                                            1.00
128 Tutorial/Demo.        Disk                                            1.00
128 Tutorial/Demo..       Disk                                            1.00
128 Tutorial/Demo...      Disk                                            1.00
128 Tutorial/Demo....     Disk                                            1.00
1351 Mouse Utility Disk   Disk         Commodore                          2.00
1351 Mouse Utility Dsk    Disk         Commodore                          2.00
1541 Test/Demo            Disk         ID 84, 26 progs                    1.00
1541 Test/Demo...         Disk         ID 84, 26 progs                    1.00
1541 Test/Demo....        Disk         ID 84, 26 progs                    1.00
1541 Test/Demo.....       Disk         ID 84, 26 progs                    1.00
1541 Test/Demo.......     Disk         ID 84, 26 progs                    1.00
1571 Test/Demo            Disk                                            2.00
1571 Test/Demo.           Disk         Copy                               2.00
221B Baker St.            Disk                                            3.00
4th & Inches              Disk                                            3.00
A+ History(Gr 5 & up)   Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
A+ Science (Gr 5 & 6)   Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Accounts Receivable/Blg Y Disk                                            5.00
Adventures in Color Lnd Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Airborne Ranger         Y Disk                                            5.00
Alien Syndrome          Y Disk                                            5.00
Alien Syndrome.         Y Disk                                            5.00
Aliens                  Y Disks                                           5.00
Alphabet Zoo              Cartridge    Educational                        3.00
Amateur Radio(DX map)     Disk                                            2.00
Arachnophobia           Y Disk                                            5.00
Arcade Action             Disk                                            3.00
Ardok the Barbarian     Y Disk                                            5.00
Arkanoid II               Disk         Revenge of Doh                     3.00
Art Accessory Pack      Y Disk         For Word Writer 5                  5.00
Artist, The               Disk         Commodore                          3.00
Artist, The.            Y Disk                                            5.00
Astro-Grover            Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Axis Assasin            Y Disk         Word processor                     5.00
Bad Dudes               Y Disk                                            5.00
Ballblazer                Disk                                            3.00
Baseball Database       Y Two Disks                                       6.00
Batman                  Y Disk                                            5.00
Batman.                   Disk         Commodore                          3.00
Batman..                Y Disk                                            5.00
Bazooka Bill            Y Disk                                            5.00
BC's Tires/Revenge        Disk         Commodore                          3.00
BC's Tires/Revenge.       Disk                                            3.00
Benji-Space Rescue      Y Two disks                                       4.00
Benji-Space Rescue.     Y Disk                                            5.00
Big Bird's Spec Dlvry   Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Big Bird's Spec. Deliv. Y Disk                                            5.00
Bits, Pieces & Clues    Y Disk                                            3.00
Bits, Pieces & Clues.     Disk                                            3.00
Blockbuster               Disk                                            3.00
Blockbuster.            Y Disk                                            5.00
Bulldog                 Y Disk                                            4.00
Bureaucracy               Disk                                            3.00
Business/Cmptr Science    Disk         Educational                        2.00
C128/C64 Terminal SW      Disk                                            2.00
C64 Disk Bonus Pack     Y Disk                                            3.00
C64 Disk Bonus Pack.    Y Disk                                            3.00
C64 History/Geography     Disk         Educational                        1.00
Captain Power           Y Disk                                            5.00
Certificate Maker         2 Disks                                        10.00
Checkbook                 Disk                                            3.00
Chess Champion          Y Disk                                            3.00
Christmas by COMMODORE    Disk                                            1.00
Classic Concentration     Disk                                            3.00
Clowns                  Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Commodore Math            Disk         Educational                        1.00
Commodore Math I          Disk         Educational                        3.00
Commodore Math II         Disk         Educational                        1.00
Comp Gaz 01/87            Disk         Also 02/87                         1.00
Comp Gaz 01/88            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 01/95            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 02/88            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 03/87            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 03/87.           Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 04/86            Disk         Also 6/86                          1.00
Comp Gaz 05/84            Disk         Also 7/84                          1.00
Comp Gaz 05/84.           Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 05/85            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 05/86            Disk         Also 11/86                         1.00
Comp Gaz 06/85            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 06/87.           Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 08/84            Disk         Also 9/84                          1.00
Comp Gaz 08/85            Disk         Also 9/85                          1.00
Comp Gaz 08/86.           Disk         Also 10/86                         1.00
Comp Gaz 09/84            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 09/86            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 10/85            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 10/87            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 11/84            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 11/87            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 12/84            Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 12/87.           Disk                                            1.00
Comp Gaz 12/87..          Disk         Also 01/88                         1.00
Comp Gaz 12/94            Disk                                            1.00
Compuserve              Y Disk         Telecom Service                    5.00
COMPUTE! Demo Disk        Disk         Cveman Ugh-lymps                   1.00
COMPUTE! Demo Disk.       Disk         Cveman Ugh-lymps                   1.00
Compute! March, 1985      Disk                                            3.00
Computer Science          Disk         Educational                        1.00
Conan                     Disk                                            3.00
Cosmic Life             Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Crossword Magic         Y Disk                                            5.00
Crossword Magic.        Y Disk         School copy                        5.00
Cut & Paste             Y 2 Disks      Word processor                     7.00
Cyrus Chess             Y Disk                                            4.00
Dam Busters, The        Y Disk                                            5.00
Dan Dare                Y Disk                                            5.00
Dark Lord               Y Disk                                            5.00
Dark Tower                Disk                                            3.00
Dark Towers               Disk                                            3.00
Data Manager 2          Y Disk                                            5.00
Data Manager 2..        Y 4 Disks      w/Utilities                       10.00
Deadline                  Disk                                            3.00
Deadline.                 Disk                                            3.00
Delta Patrol            Y Disk                                            5.00
Designasausus           Y Disk                                            5.00
Dive Bomber             Y Disk                                            5.00
Dragon's Lair           Y Disk                                            5.00
Dream House             Y Disk         School Copy                        5.00
Dream House.            Y Disk                                            5.00
Easy Graph (1)          Y Disk         Educational                        1.00
Easy Graph (2)          Y Disk         Educational                        1.00
Easy Graph (3)          Y Disk         Educational                        1.00
Easy Graph (7)          Y Disk         Educational                        1.00
Easy Graph (9)          Y Disk         Educational                        1.00
Easy Script 64            Disk                                            3.00
Easy Speech             Y Disk                                            5.00
Easycalc 64             Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Educational               Disk                                            1.00
Electronic Chek         Y Disk                                            5.00
Elementary Ed #4          Disk         Educational                        1.00
English                   Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EA                Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EA.               Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EB                Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EB.               Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EC                Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EC.               Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EC/ED             Disk         Educational                        2.00
English EG                Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EG.               Disk         Educational                        1.00
English EH/EP             Disk         Educational                        2.00
Entertainer, The          Disk                                            3.00
Ernie's Big Splash      Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Ernie's Magic Shapes    Y Disk                                            5.00
Expeditions.              Disk         Educational                        2.00
Exposed!                Y Disk                                            3.00
F-15 Strike Eagle       Y Disk                                            5.00
F15 Strike Eagle        Y Disk                                            5.00
F15 Strike Eagle.       Y Disks                                           5.00
F16 Combat Pilot        Y Disk                                            5.00
Factactics              Y Disk                                            5.00
Fahrenheit 451          Y 2 Disks                                        10.00
Family Feud               Disk                                            3.00
Family Feud.              Disk                                            3.00
Fantastic Four            Disk                                            5.00
Fast Break                Disk                                            3.00
Felony                  Y Disk                                            5.00
Five Side Soccer          Disk                                            3.00
Flight Simulator II     Y Disk                                            5.00
Follow & Touch          Y Disk         Educational                        3.00
Frogger.                Y Disk                                            5.00
Galactic Battle         Y Disk                                            3.00
Games GE                  Disk         Educational                        1.00
Games GE.                 Disk         Educational                        1.00
Gameware 2 on 1           Disk                                            5.00
Gauntlet                  Disk                                            3.00
Gauntlet.               Y Disk                                            5.00
Gauntlet..                Disk                                            3.00
General Knowledge Bldr    Disk         Educational                        3.00
General Knowledge Bldr.   Disk         Educational                        3.00
GEOCALC                 Y Four Disks                                      8.00
GEODEX                  Y Two Disks                                       7.00
GEOFILE                 Y Disk                                            7.00
Geography                 Disk         Educational                        1.00
GEOPUBLISH                6 disks/bx                                      9.00
GEOPublish...             Disk                                            3.00
GEOS Deskpack 1           Disk                                            3.00
GEOS Desktop 1.5          Disk                                            5.00
GEOS Downloads Adult      7 disks/bx   MUST BE 18 TO BUY                  8.50
GEOS Downloads Graphics   11 disks/bx                                     8.50
GEOS Fontpack 1         Y Disk                                            5.00
Geos Fontpack 1.        Y Disk                                            5.00
Geos Fontpack 1..       Y Disk                                            5.00
GEOS Fonts                10 disks/bx                                     7.50
GEOS Graphics             5 Disks/bx   Christian et al                    5.00
GEOS Graphics.            5 Disks/bx   Disks 23 thru 34                   5.00
GEOS Photo Album          7 disks/bx                                      5.00
GEOS Toons #02            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #03            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #04            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #05            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #06            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #07            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #08            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #09            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #10            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #11            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #12            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #13            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #14            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #15            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS Toons #16            Disk         All 15 disks $20                   2.00
GEOS V1.2               Y Disk                                            2.00
GEOS v1.2.              Y 3 Disks                                         3.00
GEOS V1.2...            Y Disk                                            2.00
GEOS V1.2....           Y Disk                                            2.00
Geos V1.2.....          Y Disk                                            2.00
GEOS V1.3.              Y Disk                                            5.00
GEOS V1.3..             Y 2 Disks                                         6.00
GEOS v1.3....             2 Disks                                         6.00
GEOS V1.5.                2 Disks                                         5.00
Geos V2.0               Y 3 Disks                                        12.00
GEOS V2.0 & Utilities     11 disks/bx                                    10.00
GEOS128 V1.4            Y 2 Disks                                         7.50
GEOS128 V2.0.             5 Disks      Disk 2 missing                     8.00
GEOWrite files            10 disks/bx                                     7.50
GEOWrite Workshop       Y Five disks                                     10.00
GFL Football            Y Disk                                            5.00
Ghostbusters            Y Disk                                            5.00
Gortek & Microchips       2 Tapes      BASIC prgmng                       2.00
Grade Manager           Y 4 Disks      Educational                       10.00
Grover's Animal Advent. Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
GT Albert E. Spredsheet   Disk         Indus Systems                      3.00
GT Data Manager           Disk         Indus Systems                      3.00
GT Utilities              Disk         Indus Systems                      3.00
Gunship                 Y Disk                                            5.00
Hacker                    Disk                                            3.00
Hardball!               Y Disk                                            5.00
Hitchhikers Gde Galaxy    Disk                                            5.00
Hole in One Min Golf    Y Disk                                            5.00
Holiday Seasons           Disk         Age 3 & up                         3.00
Hollywood Squares       Y Disk                                            5.00
Indoor Sports           Y Disk                                            5.00
Indy Jones-Last Crusade Y Disk                                            5.00
Indy Jones/Tmpl of Doom Y Disk                                            5.00
Infidel                 Y Disk                                            5.00
Infiltrator             Y Disk                                            5.00
International Soccer    Y Disk                                            5.00
Investicalc               Disk                                            3.00
Jack Nicklaus Golf      N Disk         No password card                   2.00
Jeopardy!               Y Disk                                            5.00
Jeopardy! 2nd Ed        Y Disk                                            5.00
Jeopardy!.                Disk                                            3.00
John Elway Quarterback    Disk                                            3.00
Jr. Pacman                Disk                                            3.00
Junior High Education     Disk         Educational                        1.00
Jupiter Lander          Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Kermit's Elec. Storymkr Y Disk                                            5.00
Kickman                 Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Kickman.                  Cartridge                                       3.00
Kids on Keys              Cartridge    Educational                        3.00
Kikstart 2                Disk                                            3.00
Kinder Comp             Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Knight Games            Y Disk                                            5.00
Land,Sea,Air Adenture     Disk                                            3.00
Leather Goddess Phobos    Disk         Can use 128/80                     5.00
Leather Goddess Phobos. Y Disk         Can use 128/80                     5.00
Let's mk Calendars,Stry Y Disk                                            5.00
Letter-Go-Round         Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Life Science            Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Linking Logic           Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Lode Runner             Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Lode Runner.              Disk                                            3.00
Logic Levels            Y Cartridge    Educational                        5.00
LOGO                      Disk                                            3.00
LOGO Utilities            Disk                                            3.00
Lords of Conqst           Disk                                            5.00
Magic Lantern             Tape                                            1.00
Marble Madness          Y Disk                                            5.00
Master Trivia             Disk                                            3.00
Master Type             Y Disk                                            5.00
Math 5 - Games            Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math Addition             Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math Blaster              Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math Blaster.             Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math Decimals             Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math HJ/MC                Disk         Educational                        2.00
Math MB                   Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math MB.                  Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math MC                   Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math MD                   Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math MD.                  Disk         Educational                        1.00
Math ME                   Disk         Educational                        1.00
Mathematics               Disk         Educational                        1.00
Maverick V3.0             3 Disks                                         7.00
Maverick V4.0           Y 3 Disks                                         7.00
Maze Madness              Disk                                            3.00
Mind-roll                 Disk                                            5.00
Money Manager             Disk                                            5.00
Movie Maker             Y Disk                                            5.00
Movie Monster           Y Disk                                            5.00
Movie Monster.          Y Disk                                            5.00
Multiterm 64/128          Disk                                            3.00
Multiterm V4.7            Disk                                            2.00
Munchmath                 Disk         Educational                        1.00
Murder by the Dozen.    Y Disk                                            5.00
Murder Party            Y Disk                                            5.00
Musician, The             Disk                                            3.00
Newsroom Clip Art Vol 1   Disk                                            3.00
Norb/Bert Couldn't Make Y Disk                                            5.00
Number Tumblers         Y Cartridge                                       5.00
O'Hares Adventure         Disk                                            3.00
Oblivion                  Disk                                            3.00
Odell Lake                Disk         Educational                        3.00
Odell Lake.               Disk         Educational                        3.00
Omega Q                   Disk                                            1.00
Omega Race              Y Cartridge                                       5.00
On Court Tennis           Disk                                            3.00
One on One              Y Disk         with hints                         5.00
Pakacuda CDE129S          Tape                                            0.25
Pals Around Town        Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Paperboy                Y Disk                                            5.00
Paperboy.               Y Disk                                            5.00
Perfect Writer 128      Y 3 Disks      w/Splr,thesar                     15.00
PHM Pegasus               Disk                                            3.00
Phonics 135               Disk         Educational                        2.00
Phonics 136               Disk         Educational                        2.00
Phonics 137               Disk         Educational                        2.00
Phonics 138               Disk         Educational                        2.00
Pinball Construct Set.    Disk                                            3.00
Pinball Construct. Set  Y Disk                                            5.00
Pitfall II Lost Caverns   Disk                                            3.00
Pitfall! Demon Attack     Disk                                            3.00
Platoon                 Y Disk                                            5.00
Playnet Free Sample       Disk                                            1.00
PM Graphics               Disk                                            1.00
PM Graphics.              Disk                                            1.00
PM Graphics..             Disk                                            1.00
Pocket Filer 2          Y Disk                                            5.00
Pocket Planner 2        Y Disk                                            5.00
Porter's Personal Fince Y Disk         with hints                         8.00
Poster                  Y Disk                                            5.00
Practicalc              Y Disk         Spreadsheet                        5.00
Practicalc II           Y Disk         Spreadsheet                        5.00
Practicalc II.          Y Disk         Spreadsheet                        5.00
Practifile              Y Disk                                            5.00
Printers Devils           Disk                                            2.00
Printers Patriot          Disk                                            2.00
Pro Financial Organizer   Disk                                            3.00
Pro Golf                  Disk                                            3.00
Pro-golf                Y Disk                                            5.00
Proterm III               Disk                                            1.00
PS Disk 1 & 2             Disk                                            1.00
PS Fonts                  Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphics #157/158      Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphics #158/159      Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphics #8D/H4        Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphics #9D/31        Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphics-#4            Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphics-#5            Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphics-Religion      Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphics/Labeler       Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphs Animal/Kids     Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphs Art             Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphs Ed1&2           Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphs Sport           Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphs Sport 2         Disk                                            1.00
PS Graphs Sport.          Disk                                            1.00
PS Holiday                Disk                                            1.00
PS Printer Devil          Disk                                            1.00
PS/NR V2.0                Disk         w/PS utils                         1.00
PS/PM Art Gallery #3      Disk                                            1.00
PS/PM Converter Program   Disk         w/label prog                       1.00
PS/PM Off The Wall        Disk                                            1.00
PS/PM School              Disk                                            1.00
PS: Progambl Spredsheet Y Disk                                            5.00
Psi Trading Co          Y Disk                                            5.00
Pure Stat Football      Y Disk                                            5.00
QIX                       Disk                                            3.00
Radar Rat Race          Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Radar Rat Race.           Cartridge                                       3.00
Red Storm Rising        Y Disk                                            5.00
ReRun 11-12/90            Disk                                            5.00
ReRun 11-12/91            Disk                                            5.00
ReRun Prod Pak            Disk                                            5.00
Rescue on Fractulus       Disk                                            3.00
Risk                    Y Disk                                            5.00
River Chase             Y Disk                                            3.00
Robocop                 Y Disk                                            5.00
Robocop.                Y Disk                                            5.00
Robots of Dawn            Disk                                            5.00
Rogue Trooper           Y Disk                                            3.00
Rounding                Y Disk                                            5.00
Sargon II               Y Disk                                            3.00
School Program            Disk         Educational                        1.00
Scratchpad 64 Database  Y Disk         Needs 'key'                        1.00
Script 64               Y 2 Disks      Needs 'key'                        2.00
Sea Horse Hide n' Seek  Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Sea Speller             Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Secret Filer            Y Disk                                            5.00
Sesame St Print Kit     Y 2 Disks                                         7.00
Sesame St Print Kit.      2 Disks      Educational                        4.00
Sideways                Y Disk                                            5.00
Silent Service          Y Disk                                            5.00
Simon's BASIC             Cartridge                                       5.00
Simon's Basic.          N Cartridge                                       5.00
Skate or Die              Disk                                            3.00
Skyfox.                 Y Disk         with hints                         5.00
Slam Dunk                 Disk                                            5.00
Smart 64 Terminal       Y Disk         Ask for cheatsheet                 2.00
Smithwriter             Y Disk                                            3.00
Snow Strike             Y Disk                                            5.00
Solar Fox                 Cartridge                                       3.00
Speed Bingo/Math          Cartridge    Educational                        3.00
Speedscript             Y Disk         Version 3.0                        2.00
Speedscript.              Disk                                            2.00
Speedscript..             Disk         Version 3.0                        2.00
Spell Destruction         Disk                                            3.00
Spell Now               Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
Spelling Grade 3,4        Disk 2/4     Educational                        1.00
Spelling Grade 5,6        Disk 3/4     Educational                        1.00
Spelling Grade 7,8        Disk 4/4     Educational                        1.00
Spelling Program, 2       Disk 1/4     Educational                        1.00
Spider Man                Disk                                            3.00
Star Trek               Y Disk                                            5.00
Star Trek.                Disk         Promethean Proph.                  3.00
Star Wars               Y Disk                                            5.00
Starcross               Y Disk                                            3.00
Steinman Spreadsheet    Y Disk                                            5.00
Success with Math, +&-    Disk         Educational                        3.00
Super Grapics Utilities Y Disk                                            5.00
Superscript 128         Y 2 Disks                                         6.00
Suspended                 Disk                                            3.00
Swiftcalc 128           Y Disk         w/Sideways                         7.50
Tapper                    Disk                                            3.00
Tass Times in Tonetown    Disk                                            3.00
Telengard               Y Disk                                            5.00
Temple of Apshai        Y Disk                                            5.00
Terminal Zone           Y Disk                                            3.00
Test Drive                Disk                                            3.00
Tetris                    Disk                                            5.00
The Consultant          Y Disk & key   Ask for key/chtsht                 7.50
The Eidolon               Disk                                            3.00
The Filer               Y Disk         Easy Working                       3.00
The Friendly Computer     Disk         Educational                        3.00
The Grammar Examiner    Y Disk         for age 10 & up                    5.00
The Halley Project      Y Disk                                            5.00
The Jungle Book         Y Disk                                            5.00
The List Manager        Y Disk                                            5.00
The Manager             Y Disk         Database                           5.00
The Manager.            Y Disk         Database                           5.00
The Market Place          Disk         Educational                        3.00
The Newsroom            Y 2 Disks                                        10.00
The Newsroom.           Y 2 Disks                                        10.00
The Newsroom..          Y 2 Disks      Scholastic Ed.                    10.00
The Newsroom...         Y 2 Disks      Scholastic Ed.                    10.00
The Newsroom....        Y 2 Disks                                        10.00
The Newsroom.....       Y 2 Disks                                        10.00
The Party Quiz Game     Y 2 Disks      w/4 Controllers                   20.00
The Print Shop            2 Disks      w/Spec Edition                     8.00
The Print Shop..        Y 2 Disks      w/PS Companion                     8.00
The Print Shop...       Y 2 Disk       w/Graphics Libry                  10.00
The Writer              Y Disk         Easy Working                       3.00
Thing on a Spring       Y Disk                                            5.00
Thud Ridge              Y Disk                                            5.00
Thunder Blade           Y Disk                                            5.00
Thunder Blade.          Y Disk                                            5.00
Time Capsule              Disk         Educational                        3.00
Tool, The               Y Disk                                            3.00
Tooth Invaders            Cartridge                                       3.00
Tooth Invaders.         Y Cartridge                                       5.00
Top 20 Software Tools     3 Disks                                         7.50
Top 20 Software Tools.  Y 4 Disks                                        10.00
Top 20 Software Tools.. Y 3 Disks                                         7.50
Top 20 Solid Gold       Y 5 Disks                                         7.50
Top 20 Solid Gold.      Y 4 Disks      Disk 5 missing                     6.00
Top Gun                   Disk                                            5.00
Top Gun.                Y Disk                                            5.00
Top Gun..               Y Disk                                            5.00
Top Gun...              Y Disk                                            5.00
Total Communications    Y Disk                                            3.00
Total Communications.     Disk                                            3.00
Touchdown Football        Disk                                            3.00
Transformers            Y Disk                                            5.00
TRIO Integrated Appl    Y Disk         WP,Spredsht,DB                     5.00
Trio Plus               Y 2 Disks      WP,SS and DB                       8.00
Trivia Fever            Y Disk                                           10.00
Trivia Fever.           Y Disk                                           10.00
Trivia Fever..            Disk                                            3.00
Typing Tutor II         Y 2 Disks      w/Backup                           7.50
U.S. Geography          Y Disk         Educational                        5.00
U.S. Government           Disk         Educational                        3.00
U.S. History              Disk         Educational                        3.00
U.S. History.             Disk         Educational                        3.00
Uno/Slotcars/Blue Thndr   Disk                                            2.00
Up & Add 'em              Disk         Educational                        3.00
Up Time Vol 1, No 2       Disk                                            3.00
Upper Reaches of Apshai Y Disk                                            5.00
Vanilla Pilot           Y Disk                                            5.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo        Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo,       Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo,,      Disk                                            1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo,,,     Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo,,,,    Disk         ID ZX, 22 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo,,,,,   Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo.       Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC >541 Test/Demo..      Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo...     Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo....    Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo.....   Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo;       2 Disks                                         1.00
VIC 1541 Test/Demo;;      Disk         ID ZX, 15 progs                    1.00
Video Vegas             Y Disk                                            5.00
Viduzzles                 Cartridge                                       3.00
Wheel of Fortune          Disk                                            3.00
Wheel of Fortune 3rd Ed Y Disk                                            5.00
Wheel of Fortune.       Y Disk                                            5.00
Wheel of Fortune..        Disk                                            3.00
Who Framed Roger Rabbit Y Disk                                            5.00
Win, Lose or Draw 2nd E Y Disk                                            3.00
Win, Lose or Draw.      Y Disk                                            5.00
Wizard of Oz            Y Two disks                                       7.50
Word Processor Personal Y Disk                                            5.00
Word Publisher          Y Disk                                            5.00
Word Search Puzzles     Y Disk                                            5.00
Word Search Puzzles.    Y Disk                                            5.00
Word Writer 128         Y 2 Disks      w/Spell checker                    7.50
Word Writer 128.          Disk         w/Spell Checker                    3.00
Word Writer 3.          Y 2 Disks                                        10.00
Word Writer 4           Y 6 Disks      w/backups                         15.00
Word Writer 4 Font Pack Y Disk                                            5.00
Word Writer 5           Y 3 Disks                                        15.00
World Tour Golf         Y Disk                                            5.00
Write Now               Y Cartridge                                       3.00
Writer/File Pak           Disk                                            3.00
Writing Fundementals    Y 4 Disks                                        15.00
Z-Pilot                 Y Disk                                            3.00
Zaxxon                  Y Disk                                            5.00
Zork I                  Y Disk                                            5.00
Zork I.                   Disk                                            3.00
Zork II                 Y Disk                                            5.00
Zork II.                  Disk                                            3.00
Zork II..               Y Disk                                            5.00
Zork III                Y 2 Disks      with hints                         6.00
Zork III.               Y Disk         instr are for I                    5.00
Zork III..              Y Disk                                            5.00
Zork III...               Disk                                            3.00                    Speedscript File Conversion



     This is the .DOC file for spdcnv.img.  This, being the latest version,
will convert Speedscript files to either ASCII or PETSCII.


                    Changes from the Original Version


     The first version was written entirely in BASIC. In order to speed up the
conversion process, proceedures were changed, and a major part of the
conversion is done by 3 'RELOCATABLE' machine language routines. For those who
have something that is running starting at 49152 in memory will want to pick
another place for these routines. I'm sure everyone has there own favorite
places for something like that.

     Since this new version reads the entire text file into memory first, it
was necessary to protect it from BASIC. To do this, the top of memory is
lowered at the very beginning of the program.

                         Instructions


     Load in the program. If you need to relocate the ML portion of the
program, change the variable ML in line 10 of the program. All sys's to these
routines will adjust accordingly. This version is written for use with both
disk and tape. It does, however write a sequential tape file. 

     On start up, you will be asked for a device number, which is preset to 8
for disk. If you wish to permanently change your version to another device
number, change the number in line 7 of the program. If 8 is the device you
desire, press RETURN. Otherwise, select the device number you want, and press
RETURN.

     At this point, the ML portion of the program is loaded into memory,
beginning at the location defined by the variable ML.

     Next, you will be asked which way you would like to convert your file
(ASCII or PETSCII). Preset on this is ASCII. If this is acceptable, press
RETURN, or select 'P' and press RETURN.

     Next is 'EDITING REQUIRED'. If you have pre-edited your material from
Speedscript by placing returns in the text where you want them, answer (N)o to
the question. Preset is (Y)es.

     If editing is desired, you must determine maximum line length. Since the
ML does search back from a maximum line length, you will never have lines
longer than what you have specified. Preset on this is 40 (for 40 columns).

     You will now be asked for the original file name, and then the new file
name. Answer both of these questions accordingly.

     The last question you will be asked (disk users only, tape users
automatically have this function) is if you need to change the media to receive
the new file. For tape users, this is forced to yes to allow you to reset the
dataset to for the info. Disk users may find this option handy to place the
conveted file onto there terminal program disk for later uploading. The disk is
initialized from in the program after the change to avoid overwriting other
data.

     From here on, the program will take care of things. The file is printed on
the screen as it is written to the receiving device. This is not necessary, but
was done so the results could be seen immediately.

     To give you an idea of the difference between this version, and the first
version, I tried timing a conversion using both. The file I used was a little
over 5800 bytes long. The original version took 10 minutes 35 seconds to
convert. This version took 2 minutes, 2 seconds. Time may vary for you, but
this seems to hold true. Tape users will find this takes longer for them, but
the same file was loaded from tape, converted, and sent back to tape in just a
touch over 6 minutes. But don't hold me to that!

     There is one hitch in the program. Unlike the original, this one does not
detect a leading space at the beginning of a sentence. So unless you don't care
about the finished text, don't double space unless you have to. I'll try to
cure this in another version.

     Watch for the ASCII and PETSCII to Speedscript converter to come.

     I would like to hear any comments or suggestions anyone has about this
program. You can leave me a message on the board, or Email me. Hope this is
what all you SS users were looking for.


Regards,                Steve Hammer
                         74776,1570



****************************************
*                                      *
*  SPRITE PROCESSOR (c) STEPHEN BEATS  *
*                                      *
*     COMMANDS IN SPRITE EDIT MODE     *
*                                      *
****************************************
                                                                                F1 - Increment through current sprite color
F3 - Increment through multicolor 1
F5 - Increment through multicolor 2
F7 - Toggle through current cursor colors
F2 - Increment through background color
F4 - Disk directory and house keeping
F6 - Save current range of sprites to disk
F8 - Load sprites from disk into range start
S - Enter single sprite edit mode
J - Enter joined sprite edit mode
O - Enter overlaid sprite edit mode
. - Draw pixel or draw a line if origin is set
SPACE - Erase pixel or erase a line if origin is set
+ - Move onto the next sprite
- - Move onto the previous sprite
E - Move onto a given sprite
1 - Edit top sprite in overlaid mode
2 - Edit second sprite in overlaid mode
3 - Edit third sprite in overlaid mode
4 - Edit bottom sprite in overlaid mode
^ - Re	isplay window in overlaid mode
X - Toggle x expansion
Y - Toggle y expansion
M - Toggle multicolor
G - Toggle global mode
_ - Toggle key repeat
R - Set sprite ranges
H - Display this help screen
L - Set line origin at cursor position
CLR - Clear the current sprite
HOME - Move cursor to top left of window
HOME/HOME - Move cursor to top of sprite(s)
RETURN - Move cursor to left edge of window and down one row
SHIFT/RETURN - Move cursor to left edge of  sprite(s) and down one row
C - Copy a given sprite to t	 current one
SHIFT/C - Copy the current range to a given start sprite
SHIFT/S - Swap current sprite with given one
SHIFT/A - And current sprite with given one
SHIFT/O - Or current sprite with given one
SHIFT/L - Cancel line origin previously set
SHIFT/R - Exlusive or current sprite with@  $ff. (Reverse it)
F - Flip current sprite about the y axis
SHIFT/F - Flip current sprite about the x axis. (Invert)
INST - Insert a space at the cursor location
DEL - Delete a space at the cursor location
I - Insert a co	mn at the cursor location
SHIFT/I - Insert a row at the cursor location
D - Delete a column at the cursor location
SHIFT/D - Delete a row at the cursor location
B - Increment through border colors
N - Toggle numbers or colors for status displays
V - View current range of sprites. (Animate)
SHIFT/V - Enter extended view mode

                                            COMMANDS IN EXTENDED VIEW MODE

SHIFT/V - Re-enter sprite edit mode
CURSOR - position current sprite(s)
E - Edit given sprite
SHIFT/E - Edi	given sequence
+ - Move to next sprite
- - Move to previous sprite
SHIFT/+ - Move to next sequence
SHIFT/- - Move to previous sequence
1-8 - Enable for work sprite of priority 1 through 8
O - Turn current sprite off. (Except #1) 
R - Set sequence range
S - Toggle movement speed
Z - Zero current range of sequences
SHIFT/Z - Zero all sequences
C - Copy given sequence to the current one
SHIFT/C - Copy current sequence range to a given start sequence
F8 - Load or save sequences
V - View current range of seque	es (animate)
This file contains a short program that you can type in and use to read
sequential files. Following the listing are directions on using the program to
convert
sequential program files to tokenized program files.
===============================================================================
5100
open15,8,15:open2,8,2,"0:FILENAME,s,r":gosub5140:printchr$(14)
5110 get#2,a$:printa$;:ifst<>0then5160
5120 ifasc(a$)<>13then5110
5125
getc$:ifc$=""then5110
5130 close2:gosub5140:close15:end
5140 input#15,a,b$,c,d:ifa<20thenreturn
5150 print:print"<RVS>"a,b$,c,d:goto5130
5160
ifst=64thenprint:print"<RVS> END OF FILE":goto5130
5170 print:print"<RVS>STATUS ERROR "st:goto5130

    (  <RVS>= CNTRL REVERSE ON )
 (Don't forget the
semi-colon in line 5110)
===============================================================================
      Let's call the program SQ2PRG, since it is
basically designed to help
convert sequential text files to program files; and we will assume that the
sequential program file that you wnat to convert is
called SEQFILE.
     List line 5100 and change FILENAME to SEQFILE.
     Each time you wish to read SEQFILE type GOT	100 and hit <return>.
     It is a good
idea to read SEQFILE from beginning to end to make sure that
none of the program lines of SEQFILE have the same line numbers as SQ2PRG. If
they do, then you
will have to renumber SQ2PRG to different line numbers. (Be
careful that the GOTO's, etc. are changed accordingly.)
     Now you are ready to convert SEQFILE
to a program file.
     (1) Type GOTO 5100 and press <return>. Each time you do this SQ2PRG will
display the file from the beginning. When the first line o	SEQFILE scrolls up
to about the top third of the screen hit any key to stop the read. SQ2PRG will
finish displaying the line it is currently reading and stop.

    (2) Cursor up to the first line of the program and hit <return> over that
line and each line that has been displayed. These lines now co-exist as
program
lines with SQ2PRG.
     (3) Type GOTO 5100 and press <return>. Wait until the next section of the
program is displayed, stop the program, and hit
return over each of those
lines. Do this for e	h section of SEQFILE until all the lines have been
entered.
     (4) When you have finished you will want to
delete the lines in which
SQ2PRG exists before you save your converted program to disk.




Instructions for using sequential functions to SpeedScript 3.X.


SpeedScript 3.X and modified SpeedScript are essentially the same, with one
exception!  The modified version, in addition to SpeedScripts many fine
features, has the ability to load and save sequential files, in either ASCII
or PET ASCII formats.  There was also a subroutine added to allow the loading
and saving of pre-defined printer control files.


Sequential filing.


     The use of sequential filing is as simple as using SpeedScript's load and
save functions.  To get into sequential filing mode, type a COMMODORE (C=) L
for load and C= S for save.  The first time through, a short by-line will
appear, and will then be disabled for the rest of the duration SpeedScript is
in use.  After the banner, you will be asked for a code type, either ASCII or
PET ASCII.  This is one of those times where abort is not possible.  'A' or
'P' are the only valid responses, with all others being ignored.  We will deal
with loading first.  When using the load function, you will be asked if you
want to strip off the excess RETURNS.  A 'Y' response will cause RETURNS at
the end of sentences to be replaced with spaces.  If there are two or more
RETURNS back to back, the strip routine will leave them alone.  So even though
you may lose some line formatting, it's easier to put a few RETURNS in than to
take a bunch out.  A 'N' here will bypass the feature. The next query you will
receive will be 'Load:'. Enter the file name, or return to abort.  Then, as
with SpeedScript, respond to the Tape or Disk prompt.  Anything other than a
correct response will abort here.  If the file is found, it will be loaded and
converted.  Disk errors on load are noted in the command line, and control is
returned to SpeedScript.  Note that the Sequential filing code will
automatically add the ',s,r' or ',s,w' whichever is appropriate when using the
disk drive.

     If saving a file, in addition to the above prompts, you will be asked:

Line Length (RETURN=as-is)?

This is the editing command.  If you want to leave the text as it appears on
the screen, respond with a RETURN.  This tells the code that no editing is
required.  Where this ability comes in handy, is when you are using the text
file to be uploded to a bulletin board or other system that has a maximum
acceptable line length.  If you desire line editing you may respond with a
number up to 255.  Any three-digit number greater than that will result in
erronious line lengths, and numbers with four or more digits simply are not
accepted.  In any case, line lengths will never be longer than the number you
input.  The results of this will be seen when the screen re-appears, as all
returns inserted in the text will remain.  If after saving a file the cursor
does not appear after the screen returns, press the home key twice.  Saving a
sequential file messes with some of SpeedScript's pointers, and hitting the
home key twice will restore them.  If an error occurs on the disk during the
writing process, the error will be noted in the command line as usual.


Pre-definable printer control files.


     If you find it desirable to use multiple printer control files, they may
be loaded and saved with COMMODORE (C=) R and (C=) W respectively.  They are
saved as PGM (program) files and although they are only 128 bytes, they take
up 1 block on disk.  If you  only use one printer file all the time, simply
define all your characters using the customizer program, and then save your
new copy of SpeedScript.  The full file is saved along with the program.  As
we are able, we will upload printer files along with definitions.  One of the
nice things about these new mods, is that you may now send macros, or control
strings greater than one character in length to your printer with only one
keystroke in your text.  The keys are the trigger and end characters in the
control string.  As the mods are written, the trigger is a chr$(27) or escape.
The end character is chr$(0).  Both these characters may be re-defined to suit
your purposes.  The test for trigger resides at 10648, and the test for end of
string code resides at 10655.  But unless you have to send a chr$(0) as part
of the control string, you shouldn't have to change that.  The sequence is a
follows;

Print-keys are defined (either at the beginning of your document, or with a
printer file) consecutively (ABCDE...etc.  See the appendix in your computer
owners manual on screen codes, under character set 2 for the exact order of
definition).  The start of a control string begins with a 27 (which is sent to
the printer) and then the consecutive keys are read and sent until the 0 is
reached (the 0 is not sent). If you use the above example, supposing A=27 and
E=0, as the print function encountered the reverse video A in the text,
control would have been transferred to the special function, and A (27) would
have been sent, followed by B, C, and D.  When it came to E, (0) control would
be transferred back to the print routine.  It sounds more difficult than it
really is.  Play with it a little, you'll find that if you have 3rd party
interfaces or printers (such as EPSON) which require more than one character
to activate special features, it will be a great feature to have!


Other Comments.


     Loading a sequential file operates the same as SpeedScripts load in that
it will permit appending of files.  If you have two or more files to be added
together, place the cursor at the point the new file should be added, and
enter the sequential load function with a COMMODORE L, just as if you were
loading a regular SpeedScript file.  And load the file.  It will erase any
text after the cursor, and if the amount added is shorter than the original,
the remainder will appear after the added file, although you will not be able
to get to it.



     Any comments or questions?  Write, call or Email me.

Steve Hammer
115 1/2 W. 6th St.
Muscatine, Ia.  52761
(319) 263-2162

Compuserve ID:74776,1570


Questions about the customizer should be directed to:

Gary Hills
Compuserve ID:74776,411
RR1 Box 476
Wading River, NY 11792
(516) 929-6176
"Steeplechase Spelling is a game in which the player has to try to jump a horse
"over one of two fences.  Each fence has a word spelled under it.  Use the fire
"button to choose which fence you are going to try.  If you choose correctly,
"you and your horse will make the jump.  If you you choose the wrong spelling ,
"lets just say that the horse knows when not to jump so bring a towel and some
"dry clothes.  The correct spelling of the word is then displayed.
"
"NOTE: THIS PROGRAM REQUIRES THE SIMON'S BASIC CARTRIDGE.
"
"After the introduction and directions you are asked to input a list number.
"Word lists are generated using a companion file called  SLIST.IMG.  When
"downloading specify the name SPELL FILE GEN for your computer. A typical list
"of 20 word is also is also available as SLIST4.IMG.  In order for this file to
"work with steeplechase spelling it must be downloaded with the name 'SPELL LIST
"4'.
"
"I hope you enjoy Steeplechase Spelling. If you have any comments or suggestions
"send them to me by EasyPlex.
"
"Mike Marley (72426,1673)
"

            MINISTAT: A Statistical Package for the Commodore 64
                     Copyright 1989 by Jon Rich, Ph.D.

MINISTAT is a statistical package program which performs both univariate and
bivariate inferential and descriptive statistics.  A particularly useful
feature of this package is that the data need to be entered only once.
Once the data file has been set up, one may perform any of the included
statistical tests on any of the variables.

A MINISTAT data file is a two dimensional array, or table, of data.  One
dimension is the variables.  These may be subject characteristics, such as
sex or race, subject measurements, such as height, test scores, or running
speed, or any other characteristic on which subjects vary.  The other 
dimension is the cases, or subject number.  Data for a typical MINISTAT
file is shown below:

                    Variables
          SEX  RACE HT.  WT1  WT2
      1    1    1   68   143  140
Case  2    2    2   60   105  103
No.   3    1    3   69   162  153
      4    1    2   70   168  160
      5    2    3   63   115  118
      6    2    1   65   123  125
      7    1    2   69   149  147
      8    2    2   67   145  140
      9    1    3   67   123  119
     10    2    1   64   122  114

These data are from a test of a weight-loss diet.  For each of the ten
persons in the test, the researcher has recorded the sex (1=male, 2=female),
the race (1=Black, 2=White, 3=Oriental), the height in inches, and the
weight before (WT1) and after (WT2) the diet.  Using MINISTAT, we can
answer a number of questions about these data.

STARTING THE PROGRAM

Start the program by entering
LOAD "MINISTAT",8
and then entering RUN.  At the title screen you will be given
the opportunity to toggle the color between black on white
and white on blue by pressing the space bar.  Choose the color
combination which is easiest to read, and then proceed to the main
menu by pressing "C". You will then see the main menu, which looks
like this:

           SELECT
   A) SAVE          1) DESC
   B) INFO          2) FREQ
   C) OLD           3) REGR
   D) DIR           4) CHI2
   E) NEW           5) T:UR
   F) KILL          6) T:RS
   G) COMP          7) ALPHA
   H) HELP

At this point, there is no data file loaded into the program.  The only
options on the menu which will work are "C", which will allow you to
retrieve a previously saved file, "D", which will display the catalog of
previously saved MINISTAT files, "E", which will allow you to input a new
file, "F", which will erase a previously saved file, and "H", which will
allow you to view the help files.

SETTING UP THE FILE (Option "E")

To set up a new file, hit "E" at the main menu.  You will be asked for
a file name.  This can be anything you wish that you can easily associate
with your study.  We will name this file "DIET."  Next you are asked
"N VARS?" This means "How many variables are in the file?"  In our
example there are five variables, so we enter the number 5.  We
are then asked for N, and we enter 10, meaning there are ten subjects
in the study.  N must be from 2 to 100, and the number of variables
must be from one to 30.

Next, MINISTAT asks, NAMES (y or n)?.  This means, "Would you like to name
the variables?"  If we press N, indicating No, MINISTAT will assign the
variables the names V1, V2, etc., and go straight into the data entry
section. If we press Y, we will be given an opportunity to assign
our own names.  For our example, we will press Y. MINISTAT then asks
NAME1? and we enter SEX, the name of our first variable. After NAME2
we input RACE, after NAME3 HT., and so on.

Once the file characteristics have been input, we are ready to input the
actual data.  MINISTAT will ask for the first case of the first variable,
continuing down through every case of the first variable, and then go on
to subsequent variables.  For example, MINISTAT will initially print 
SEX - CASE 1?, and we will enter a 1, indicating that the sex of the 
first subject is male.  If we make a mistake, we can back up by simply
pressing ENTER.  The data entry might look like this:

   SEX -- CASE 1: 1
   SEX -- CASE 2: 2
   SEX -- CASE 3: 3 (this value is a mistake)
   SEX -- CASE 4: (enter, we back up)
   SEX -- CASE 3: 1
   SEX -- CASE 4: 1
         *
         *
         *
   WT2 -- CASE 9: 119
   WT2 -- CASE 10:114

SELECTING A PROCEDURE

After the data have been entered, the other options in the menu become
available.  Letters (A through H) select utility procedures; numbers
(1 through 7) select statistical procedures.  A procedure is selected
by simply pressing the corresponding number or letter -- you do not
need to press enter.

Procedures that require that a variable be selected will produce a prompt
mark: >?.  This mark indicates that a variable name should be entered.
Some procedures require that more than one variable be entered and will 
produce this mark again until all variables have been entered.
If you input an unrecognized name, two question marks will be 
printed.

After a procedure has been executed, you will be asked, if appropriate,
AGAIN (y or n)?.  If you would like to perform the same procedure with
different variables or parameters, type Y.  If you want to return to the
main menu, type N.  Detailed descriptions of each procedure are listed
below.


1) DESC

This procedure generates descriptive statistics for any of the variables.
If we enter variable WT1, the description looks like this:

MEAN: 135.5      VAR: 393.25
S.D.: 19.830532  S.E.: 6.27096
SUM: 1355        N: 10
MAX: 168         MIN: 105

Here is what each of these statistics means:

N:  The total number of subjects in the sample.
SUM: The sum of all the scores or measurements.
MEAN: This is the average value, the sum divided by N.
MAX, MIN: The maximum and minimum.  The heaviest person in this sample
weighed 168 lbs., the lightest 105 lbs.
VAR: This is the variance of the sample -- to what degree the scores are
spread out or clustered together.
S.D.: The standard deviation, which is the square root of the variance.
In large samples, about 68% of the scores will fall within one standard
deviation of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations.
S.E.: This is the standard error of means, which is the standard deviation 
divided by the square root of N.  This is the standard deviation of the means
of all possible samples of size N.

2) FREQ
This procedure generates a histogram or bargraph.  It shows how many subjects
fall within each of a number of consecutive values or value ranges of a
variable.  The program first asks for a value name, and then for an
interval size.  Choose an interval size which is a fraction of the
total range, but at least equal to the unit of measurement.  Using an
interval size of 2, height is distributed like this:

60 ******* (1)
62 ******* (1)
64 ************** (2)
66 ************** (2)
68 ********************* (3)
70 ******* (1)

The top bar shows that there is one subject who is at least 60 inches but is 
shorter than 62 inches.  We can see that the modal interval, the one with
the most subjects, is the one with subjects who are at least 68 inches tall,
but shorter than 70 inches.

3) REGR

This procedure generates a scattergram, a regression equation, a
correlation coefficient, and a t-value with associated degrees
of freedom.  All of these statistics allow us to examine the relationship
between two variables.

The scattergram is a plot of the values of one variable against the values
of another.  A strong positive relationship, as one might expect to find
between variables such as height and weight or job prestige and income, will
show all of the points tightly clustered in a straight line going from
the lower left to the upper right.  A weak relationship, such as that
between nose length and IQ, would show points scattered about in a more
or less random fashion.  A strongly negative relationship, as one might
find between blood alcohol levels and performance on a driving test,
would show points clustered tightly from the upper left down to the
lower right.  The first variable entered is the X variable, shown along
the bottom of the graph.  The second variable entered is the criterion
or Y variable, and is shown along the side.

The regression equation is shown below the scattergram.  This is the formula
which does the best job of predicting the Y variable from the X variable.

The correlation coefficient (R) quantifies the degree of relationship between
the two variables.  The value of R can range from -1, a perfect negative
relationship, through zero, no relationship, to +1, a perfect positive
relationship.  The t-value along with the degrees of freedom allows one
to test if the relationship is strong enough to be generalized beyond
the sample to the population in general.  The P value shows the
level of significance for the t-value, that is, the likelihood
that the results are due only to chance  and do not reflect a
real effect.  A P of less than .05 is
generally thought of as
significant.

If we enter height (HT.) as our first variable, and weight before the
diet as our second variable (WT1), we get these results:

     WT1 = (6.094*HT.) + -267.906
     R=0.92
     T=6.631   DF=8   P<.001

The regression formula provides a way to predict weight, given a person's
height.  If someone is five feet, or 60 inches tall, we could predict that
they would weigh (6.094*60)-267.906, or 97.7 pounds.

The R of .92 is relatively high; it shows us that the relationship is 
strongly positive, and that we can predict one variable from the other
with relatively little error.

The t, df, and p values can tell us whether the R is high enough to be
generalized to the population from which we drew our sample, or whether
it might be a fluke found in this particular sample.  P<.001 means that 
there is less than one chance in 1000 that there is no correlation between
height and weight in the population.

4) CHI2

This procedure gives a chi-square value, the associated degrees of freedom,
and a contingency table.

A chi-square is a measure of association between two variables with nominal
level data.  Data is called nominal level when it is used only to designate
groups, not as scores or rankings.  Zip-codes an example of nominal level
data.  In our example, SEX and RACE are nominal level variables.

By looking at the association between SEX and RACE, we can determine whether
the ratio of males to females differs significantly according to race.
The run looks like this:

>?SEX
>?RACE

SEX   RACE   FREQ   FR EXP

 1     1      1      1.5
 1     2      2      2
 1     3      2      1.5
 2     1      2      1.5
 2     2      2      2
 2     3      1      1.5

CHI2=0.667   DF=2      N.S.

The chi-square value which was derived is below the level needed for
significance at the .05 level.  This is indicated by the notation "N.S."
which means "not significant.  The above results indicate that the proportion
of males to females does not differ significantly among the three different
races in our sample.  If there were a significant relationship,
instead of "N.S.," we would see "P<.05."

5) T:US

This procedure performs a t-test for unrelated samples.  It reports the
mean, standard deviation, and N of each group, as well as the pooled
standard error, the t-value, degrees of freedom, and p or probability
value.

In this procedure, a criterion variable is split into two groups, and
the mean of the two groups is compared.  Any of the other variables
can be used as grouping variables.  The grouping variable is entered first,
then the criterion variable.  Finally, two value ranges are specified for
the grouping variable.  Subjects who fall into the first range are
designated as "LEVEL 1", those falling within the second range are
"LEVEL 2."

Suppose we would like to see if males are, on the average, different in
height from females.  The run would look like this:

>?SEX
>?HEIGHT

L1,H1: 1,1
L2,H2: 2,2

         LEVEL 1       LEVEL 2
MEAN     68.6          63.8
SDEV     1.02          2.315
N        5             5
--------------------------------
S.E.=1.265
T=3.795    DF=8     P=5E-03

SEX is the variable which defines the two groups, or levels, and so it
was entered first.  HT. is the criterion variable, and was entered second.
In response to the "L1, H1:," we entered 1,1.  Entering these ones indicated
that the first group of subjects
in which we are interested ranges from one to one, inclusive, on the 
variable "SEX."  This is all the males.  The second group ranges from two
to two, and includes all of the females.

Looking at our results, we see that males are, on the average, 68.6 inches
tall, on just under 5'9".  The females are just under 5'4".  Our p-value
is 5E-03, which is 5 times 10 to the -3 power, or .005.  Since this is
less than the conventional .05 level of significance, we can say that
males are taller than females in the population from which
our sample was drawn.

6) T:RS

This procedure performs a t-test on related samples.  This test is also
called a matched-pairs or repeated-measures t-test.  The procedure
provides a t-value, associated degrees of freedom, and p or
probability level.  The t-value is positive if the first variable
entered has a large mean; it is negative if the second variable
has a large mean.

Related-samples means that the scores are expected to be correlated, and
can reasonably be analyzed in pairs.  Such is the case when the same 
subjects are exposed to two different experimental conditions, or when
some measure is taken before and after a certain treatment.  By analyzing
the difference between pairs of scores instead of groups of scores, the test
becomes more sensitive, and significant  results become more easily
obtained.

In these data, perhaps the most interesting question is whether the subjects
weighed significantly less after the diet than they did before it.  The
run would look like this:

>? WT1
>? WT2

MEAN  135.5     131.9
SDEV  19.831    17.768
T=2.785    DF=9    P=.021

Since our p-value of .021 suggests that such results would be rare (obtained
only 21 out of 1000 times) with an ineffective diet, we can conclude that
the diet would be effective if used by others in the population from which
our sample was drawn.

7) ALPHA 
Note: This function is not available in the public domain version of MINISTAT.

This procedure calculates coefficient alpha, a measure of the internal
consistency and reliability of a test.  The procedure asks first for
number of items.  Enter the number of test items for which you will be
assessing reliability.  It then prompts you for variables, which are the
names of each test item.  The output shows coefficient alpha, and the
correlation of each item with the sum of all other test items.  This
allows you to judge which items are inconsistent with the rest of the
test, and which you should consider disgarding to increase the test's
reliability.

*****

UTILITIES

A) SAVE

This function allows you to save your current file to the disk, so that
you can reanalyze the data at a later time.  It asks if you want to 
change the file name, so if the file has been modified, the new file
can be saved without erasing the original file.

B) INFO

This command allows you to view information about the current file.
It will show the file name, number of observations (N), and the
variable names.

C) OLD

This command retrieves a file that had been previously created with
the E) NEW command.  When using this command, if there is already a data
file in memory it will be erased.  To prevent this from accidental file
loss, the program asks if you are sure that you want to load a new file.

D) DIR

This command lists the data files on the current disk.  It will list
only data files created by this program.

E) NEW
This command allows you to create a new data file.  See the section under
"SETTING UP THE FILE" in this document for more details.

F) KILL

This command can be used to delete any files that have been created by
MINISTAT.  Enter the name of the file at the prompt, and you will either
be told that the file has been killed, or that the file can not be found.

G) COMP

This option allows you to transform a variable to create a new variable.
For instance, we might want to convert the WT1 variable in our DIET file 
from pounds to kilograms.  We can do this by multiplying by 2.2.  When we
enter the COMP procedure, we are asked "CONSTANT OR VARIABLE?"  Type
C for CONSTANT if you are going to transform your variable with a constant,
type V for VARIABLE if you are going to use another variable to transform
it.  In our example, we will type C, since we are using a constant to
transform pounds to kilograms.  Next, input the variable or constant
which will be used -- in our case, 2.2.  The next step is to select the 
operation, i.e., addition, multiplication, etc.  We are going to
multiply, so we press "*".  Then we enter the variable to be transformed,
WT1.  The program shows us the transformation equation, 2.2*WT1.  We
are then asked for the name of the new variable, the one we have created
by the transformation.  We can either write over an old variable, or we
can create a new one.  For this example, we will pick the name WT3.
The screen will look like this after the transformation:

VARIABLE OR CONSTANT? CONSTANT
? 2.2
SELECT OPERATION: *
>? WT1
2.2*WT1
NEW VARIABLE>? WT3
??
COMPUTATION COMPLETED

You can use the INFO procedure to reassure yourself that the new
variable is there.

H) HELP
Note: This procedure not available in public domain version.

HELP will bring you to a help menu very similar to the main menu.
Requesting any procedure while in the HELP area will give a single
screen describing how to use the procedure.  The <at> key will return
you to the main menu.

*****

PRINTING

To print out a screen, first turn on your printer, and then
hit the <F1> key.



******************************************************
*                                                    *
*             SHAREWARE MESSAGE                      *
*                                                    *
******************************************************

MINISTAT is a shareware program -- that is, try
it out first, and if you find it useful & expect
to continue using it, you pay a shareware fee -- 
a fee which is generally much lower than what you
would pay for equivalent commercially available
software.  There are two options for meeting your
shareware obligation with MINISTAT:

  1) Send $10.00 and you will receive aprinted
copy of this manual, along with a disk containing
an enhanced version of the program.  This version
includes a full HELP menu and an additional
statistical procedure (see ALPHA above).  As a
registered user, you will be notified of program
updates, which you will be able to receive if you
send me a blank disk and a self-addressed stamped
envelope.

  2) Actually, the $10.00 above barely covers expenses,
and will certainly not make me rich.  Like most shareware
authors (I think), the real satisfaction comes from knowing
that people are using and enjoying the software.  So here is
option #2: your shareware obligation can be met completely
just by COMMENTING on the software.  Send me a note by mail
or CIS e-mail to let me know how you are using the program,
what you like, and what you found confusing.  You can also
send any recommendations for improvement.  If you choose to
make a contribution of less than $10, you are welcome
to do that also, of course.

I suspect we all suffer from at least some "shareware guilt,"
from all those programs we have downloaded and not yet paid
for -- so with the two options above you can easily rid
yourself of some of this destructive emotion at low cost
or at no cost.  Thanks for your interest -- have fun
with MINISTAT!

--Jon Rich, Ph.D.
23212-6 Orange Ave.
El Toro, CA 92630-6918
CIS 73367,1326 
 34 
There once was- a- little boy-- and- girl
named Charles and Suzanne.
One day, they were playing outsied
when they herd a strange noise coming from the forest nearbuy.
They went into the forest to see what was making the noise.
They walked- and walked, but did not find what was making the noise.
When they decided to go home again, they saw that they were lawst.
They walked- and walked, but did not find there way home again.
Suddenly, they came to a clearing, and saw a- funny- looking houce.
They nocked- on the door of the- houce to see if anyone there could help thehm.
And, who do you think it was,
that- answered the door?
It sure was a- funny- looking little guy.
He was- short, and all- furry, and carried a- spear.
Why, it was none- other than their storybook friend
Wicket!
The houce was part of the-- Eewok village.
When Charles and Suzanne- looked up, they saw the- rest of the- village
up in the trees.
When Wicket saw that- it was his friends Charles and Suzanne,
he gave- a- whistle, and Paploo-- swooped-- down- on his hang- glider.
Paploo- picked- them- up-
and- flew-- thehm back to their- houce.
Then he said
#190
$190
You- c	hldren- better- be more careful
when you are walking in the forest.
Goodbuy, Charles- and Suzanne!
#160
$140
And Charles and Suzanne- lihved happuhlee- ever after.
 .
thee, end.
 87 
This is a HELP file for the STORYMAKER
program. It is not intended to be 
spoken or heard. This program is a 
crude word processor that places each
screen line into a string variable.
Each string is spoken or written
separately. You may enter lines of 
more than 40 characters, but do not
go too far beyond one line if you 
can help it. Your line will be 
automatically entered after 70 
characters have been typed in. 
   You will be allowed to use all 
the normal SAM punctuation marks, 
such as the comma, hyphen, etc. 
Cursor controls are ignored. The 
delete key will work when entering 
text. You cannot insert text, however.
To edit your text, enter the edit mode
and you will see that all the lines 
are numbered. Only 6 lines will be on 
the screen at one time. You must press
any key to step through the file, and 
press F7 when you want to select one 
of the lines you see on the screen. 
Then you will be prompted to enter a 
line number. Enter the number of the 
line that you wish to edit. You must 
re-type the entire line. You can 
input 0 for a line number to exit, 
and leave the lines the way they were.
   Press RETURN to lea	 a blank line 
in your text, and insert a short 
pause. Since you cannot insert text, 
it is adviseable to leave a blank 
line between paragraphs, so that you 
can edit that blank line into more 
text if you need to add something. 
   It is possible to have SAM change 
his voice during the story by using 
the following special characters: 
  # change mouth  $ change throat 
  % change pitch  & change speed  
Note carefully the syntax that must 
be used when using these characters: 
The character MUST be a	eparate line
by itself like this: 
#190
The above line changes the mouth to 
a value of 190. Each change MUST be 
made separately. Only a number can 
follow the sign. To change back to 
SAM's normal voice, enter the 
following 4 lines: 
#160
$140
%65
&65
These are standard default settings 
in this program. It is not necessary 
to define them, unless you want to 
change to another voice, and then 
change back to the normal voice again.
When you SAVE a text file, and if 
there already is a file by that nam	 
you will be allowed to replace the 
existing file with the new one, or to 
specify a new filename.
   Note: should you accidently press 
the RUN/STOP key and wish to re-start 
the program without losing all the 
text you have in memory, type in 
GOTO45 this will return you to the 
menu page with all the text intact.
   Although you can specify SAM or 
RECITER when you go to the HEAR 
option, it is easier to write your 
stories using RECITER. But it IS 
possible to use SAM, if you really 
want to get the	est speech. If you 
choose SAM, the text errors will be 
displayed, if any, using SAM's 
Error function.
   I hope this explains the program 
to you well enough for you to be 
able to use it well. My children 
love it! Good Luck! John Crookshank 
         BASIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR DE-ARCING AND CONFIGURING 
                   THE STEREO SIDPLAYER EDITOR
 
On CBMART, the Stereo Sidplayer Editor is contained in three SDAs 
(self-dissolving archives), STSID1.BIN (143 CBM blocks), 
STSID2.BIN (118 blocks) and STSID3.BIN (154 blocks).  
 
NOTE: THIS PROGRAM WILL REQUIRE ML ROUTINES FROM YOUR COPY OF 
COMPUTE!'S ENHANCED SIDPLAYER.  THEREFORE, DO NOT DOWNLOAD THIS 
PROGRAM UNLESS YOU ALSO OWN ENHANCED SIDPLAYER! 
 
To download and configure the Stereo Sidplayer Editor, follow 
these steps:
 
1.  Format two disks, one to receive the downloaded files 
    (download disk), the other to receive the program files 
    (workdisk).
 
2.  Download STSID1.BIN, STSID2.BIN and STSID3.BIN to your 
    download disk.  Download them as PRG files.  If this is a 
    mystery, see the help files in LIB 1 or ask a Sysop. 
 
3.  Load STSID1.BIN into your computer.  Insert your workdisk 
    into Drive 8, then run the program.  When prompted for [Y/N], 
    hit the Y key.  The files in the archive will be written to 
    your workdisk. 
 
4.  Repeat Step 3 for STSID2.BIN and STSID3.BIN.
 
5.  Reset your	omputer.
 
6.  Load the program BOOT as an ML module (,8,1).  Program will 
    load.
 
7.  At the main menu, choose "Stereo Editor."  Follow the 
    prompts.  (It is here that you will have to have your 
    Enhanced Sidplayer disk ready.  Stereo Sid will copy the 
    object file to your workdisk). 
 
After the SID.OBJ file has been copied from the Enhanced 
Sidplayer disk to your workdisk, you'll have a ready-to-go Stereo 
Sidplayer Editor disk! 
 
Also note that the help files used by the Stereo Edit	 have been 
reformatted to 80-column printer output for those members who 
would like them.  They're held in the file STSDOC.BIN, also in 
LIB4.
 
6x"         Some grow, some vanish and some form  stable  configurations.
"         Others move on the screen or even self-replicate. A game  for
"         the  scientific-minded  described  in   several   issues   of
"         SCIENTIFIC  AMERICAN  since  1984.  Self-dissolving   archive
"         (S.D.A): just load and run on a blank disk.
SX-64 Reset Switch
Stephen Nye

It is possible to mount a reset switch and connect it to the SX-64. This document details the way I handled the situation.

I mounted a momentary contact switch in the storage box for the SX-64, right above the disk drive. I strongly recommend removing the box for this operation.
The removal is accomplished as follows.

1. Facing the back of the SX, remove the two screws in the top corners. Also remove the four screws (two on each side) that hold the side trim strips. The side
trim strips will then slide out towards the back of the computer.

2. On each side, remove the three small screws that hold the top on the computer.

3. Looking down at the top of the storage box and disk drive, you will see two screws on each side that hold the drive in position. Remove these four screws.
This will free the storage box and drive as a unit.

4. Lift the drive far enough to remove the two screws (one on each side) that hold the storage box to the drive. Be careful in lifting the drive as too much
force could break one of the wires running to the drive.

5. Remove the storage box from the drive unit and lower the 	ive back into the computer for now. The storage box is held to the drive by two plastic pins. You
should be able to move the metal plates far enough to free the box using only your fingers.

6. Drill a hole above the plastic pin on the right side (as you face the open end of the storage box). This is where you will mount the switch. Trust me, there
are three extra holes in my computer to prove this is the best place.

7. Mount the switch in the hole and connect a wire to each of the two contacts on the sw	ch.

8. Remount the storage box on the drive and remount the drive in the SX.

9. Route the wires over the storage box to the Cartridge board which is mounted right behind it.

10. Remove the screw on each side of the cartridge board. Note the numbers painted on the board near the cartridge socket. One side of the socket (top) is
numbered 1 to 22. The other side is numbered 23 to 44. We will be interested in numbers 23 and 25 (A and C in the PRG). Lift the board and turn it over.

11. You will 'tack solde	 the two wires to pins 23 and 25 on the bottom of the cartridge nboard. Solder one to each pin, and make sure no solder touches
adjacent pins.

12. Remount the board on the computer.

13. Replace the top on the computer, and replace the three screws on each side. Replace the side trim strips and replace the six screws on the back of the
computer.

14. Sign on and drop me a note saying all went well.

That is all there is to it.
 




METEOR DISSASSEMBLER DOCUMENTS
ENNETH AHL ARCH 25, 1988

   ETEOR DISSASSEMBLER IS A PROGRAM 
WHICH  WROTE FOR MY OWN USE WHICH 
HAVE DECIDED TO RELEASE ON A SHAREWARE
BASIS.  S FAR AS  KNOW THERE ARE NO 
OTHER TWO PASS SYMBOLIC DISSASSEMBLERS
AVAILABLE FOR THE C128 ON A COMMERCIAL
(OR ANY OTHER) BASIS.
   OME OF THE FEATURES OF THIS PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
     ISSASSEMBLES MACHINE LANGUAGE 
PROGRAMS FROM ANY BANK OR FROM DISK 
FILE (UP TO 40K BYTES LONG).
     ENDS ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE SOURCE
TRANSLATION TO SCREEN, PRINTER, OR
WRITES /SYMASS COMPATABLE SOURCE
DIRECTLY TO DISK.
     SSIGNS PSUEDO LABELS TO ALL
INTERNAL REFERENCES.
     LLOWS USER INPUT OF ADDITIONAL
LABELS AND AUTOMATIC DEFINITION
OF ALL KERNAL CALLS.
     ASY FLAGGING OF PROGRAM TABLE
AREAS TO BE DUMPED AS 'BYTE' TABLES.
      LIMITED ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE
IMBEDDED TEXT STRINGS.
     ETECTS AND FLAGS ALL POSSIBLE
PHASE ERRORS.
   LL OPTIONS IN THIS PROGRAM ARE
MENU SELECTED AND ARE PRETTY MUCH
SELF EXPLAINATORY.
   HERE ARE SOME POSSIBLE PROBLEMS
THAT YOU SHOULD BE AWARE OF HOWEVER:
     1 ABELS WILL BE ASSIGNED TO ALL
BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS.  HIS COULD L	D
TO PROBLEMS IF THE BRANCH IS TO AN
AREA OUTSIDE OF THE AREA BEING DISS-
ASSEMBLE.  RY TO DISSASSEMBLE ONLY
SELF CONTAINED PRO#RAMS OR SUBROUTINES
TO AVOID THIS.
    2 O LABEL WILL BE GENERATED FOR
MASKED INSTRUCTIONS (EG BIT $00A9 WHICH
MASKS A LDA #$00 INSTRUCTION).  N THE
EXAMPLE ANY BRANCH OR JUMP TO THE LDA
#$00 WOULD NOT HAVE A CORRESPENDING
DESTINATION LABEL.
    3 LL USER ASSIGNED LABELS ARE
DEFINED AT THE START OF THE ASSEMBLY
LISTING FOR REFERENCE.  HIS CAN LEAD
TO REASSIGNED LABEL ERRORS 	 ASSEMBLY.
OU MAY HAVE TO DELETE SOME OF DIRECT
LABEL ASSIGNEMENTS IF THE LABELS ARE
FOR AN AREA WITHIN THE PROGRAM.
   4 RY TO AVOID LABELS WHICH CONTAIN
IMBEDED BASIC COMMANDS.  HESE CAN
CAUSE PROBLEMS WHEN YOU START TO EDIT
A LISTING SINCE THEY GET CRUNCHED.
HIS CAN LEAD TO DIFFERENT LABELS
WHICH LIST THE SAME.  OU SHOULD BE
AWARE THAT SOME OF THE KERNAL NAMES
CAN CAUSE PROBLEMS IN THIS REGARD, AND
SOME HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS CONTAIN THE
'DEF' (DEFINE FUNCTION) COMMAND.
NEMONICS WHICH CONTAIN BASIC 	MMANDS
(EOR,AND,ETC.) ARE WRITTEN TO THE DISK
SOURCE FILE AS THEIR CRUNCHED FORMS.
   5  HAVE REMOVED THE SPACES FROM
SOME OF THE KERNAL NAMES.  THERWISE
THEY ARE STANDARD OMMODORE NAMES.
   6 NIMPLEMENTED OR 'CODA OBSCURA'
OPCODES ARE NOT DISSASSEMBLED BUT
APPEAR AS 'BYTE' ASSIGNMENTS.
   7 SER ASSIGNED LABELS MAY BE
ASSIGNED TO ANY AREA OF MEMORY WITH
THE EXCEPTION OF THE ZERO PAGE.
   8 LTHOUGH THIS PROGRAM PRODUCES
/SYMASS COMPATIBLE SOURCE, IT
COULD PROBABLY BE MODIFIED FOR ANY
OTHER ASSEMBL	 WHICH USES THE BASIC
EDITOR.

  S A FINAL NOTE YOU WILL NOTICE
THAT  AM RELEASING THIS AS A BASIC
PROGRAM AND NOT A COMPILED VERSION
AS IS THE CASE WITH MOST OTHER
SHAREWARE PROGRAMS.  N EFFECT  AM
GIVING OUT THE SOURCE CODE.   BELIEVE
THAT THIS GREATLY INCREASES THE 
USEFULLNESS OF THE PROGRAM AND WILL
( HOPE) INCREASE MY REVENUES FROM IT.
IME WILL TELL IF THIS EXPERIMENT IS
A SUCCESS OR IF  AM (AS SOME HAVE TOLD
ME) A FOOL.   HAVE BEEN CALLED
WORSE NAMES FOR BETTER REASONS.

                 	RS,
                 ENNETH . AHL
                 73027,454

                        Being a Bulletin Board Operator
     
                              By: Jason Mac Innes
                                   May 1994.
     
     
          The world of telecommunications is a wide and varied computer
     hobby. Many people after being users of local bulletin board systems
     (BBSs) for awhile decide they'd like to try to operate a BBS
     themselves. The rate at which BBSs rise and fall is a good indicator
     of how many new system operators (sysops) don't realize what they've
     gotten themselves into. For anyone considering to setup their own BBS
     there's a lot of things they need to think about first. It's not an
     incredibly hard task, but a demanding one. Being a sysop myself for
     eight years I decided to draw upon my experiences and those of fellow
     sysops around me to give the would be sysop an idea of what he's
     getting into. It's a challenging hobby, but if you're better aware of
     all the time and effort it requires, you'll be better prepared for it
     and enjoy it a lot more.
     
          Before I continue I want to make it clear that I don't plan to
     outline step by step how to setup and run a BBS. Several of the
     articles mentioned in the end notes can help you do that. I'll assume
     you've been a user for awhile, but I'll endeavour to clarify any
     points that might be unclear to people new to telecommunications.
     
          What motivates people to setup their own BBSs then? Huge
     commercial online services are easy to understand; they operate to
     make money. When a person starts up a BBS as a hobby offering his
     equipment freely for use by the public the motivation is completely
     different. Here is someone who spends money on equipment, a phone
     line, software, and repairs. A person who takes time out of his day to
     maintain and operate his BBS, all for free. All for the people that
     call to use his system. But why do they do it? What is their
     motivation?
     
          Or is there one? Darryl Marietta, sysop of the LBUG BBS, offers a
     very common answer, "Why do I run a BBS? Well, I really can't say for
     sure. In some respects, it's a lot of fun, but there's also a lot of
     aggravation and work that goes along with it." 1
     
          To help me better answer the question of motivation and others, I
     approached two sysops of long standing BBSs for interviews. After all,
     with all the years they've kept their BBSs operating they must have
     solid reasons why they continue to run their boards. The two sysops in
     question are Bill Akroyd of the Old Folks Home BBS at (905)271-2692
     and Steve Punter of PSI Word Pro at (905)896-1446.
     
          Bill's motivation was simple: He setup a BBS as a place for
     friends to call and talk; a good place for them all to keep in touch.
     As he put it, "I consider it more of a social club than anything
     else." By setting up his own BBS he was able to create a stable
     environment so friends wouldn't lose touch as BBSs came and went.
     
          Steve's motivation was much similar to Darryl's, "Just an
     interest. It was something that struck me as kind of neat... For the
     fun of it." A very common motivation. Technology is fast, interesting
     and full of broad new horizons. Being a sysop tends to be the next
     logical step after being a user."
     
          How about some other opinions then? In his article about being a
     sysop Rick Lembree of the Harbour Lights BBS summed up his thoughts,
     "With your own BBS, you can literally speak to the computing world via
     your own little soapbox. You can use it to exchange programs and
     files, to voice your own opinion, or to create your own fantasy
     world."2 Since the possibilities and applications are vast, people are
     attracted to it for a lot of different reasons.
     
          Bill Maxwell of the Turbo BBS offers his assessment of sysop
     motivations:
          
               It takes a special kind of crazy to make an otherwise
          normal-looking human being choose to operate a bulletin
          board system... very often (s)he's placing valuable
          equipment at the mercy of others, and spending valuable
          time, and not really minding a bit. A little
          acknowledgement, the occasional ''thank you'', and periodic
          uploads of fresh public domain software seem to keep these
          types happy. 3
     
          What about freedom? The idea of BBSs as a free uncensored medium
     for expression has always been very popular. Quoted from Christine
     Parkison of the Da Crazies Inn BBS, "I started the BBS in an attempt
     to give all people freedom of speech via modem. We have some pretty
     controversial text files. There are no limits, so cursing is allowed,
     along with negative comments directed at anyone-including myself. I
     believe this is the only way to run a BBS." 4
     
          Steve Fink of the Abyss South BBS explains another common liking,
     "I enjoy watching young and old alike communicating with one another.
     It's absolutely refreshing to see a 14-year-old having an intelligent
     conversation in the message area with a 50 year old. Remember that
     most users don't know the age, race, or sometimes even sex of their
     fellow callers. A BBS is the best barrier buster I've ever seen." 5
     
          But what kind of person does it take to be a sysop? I asked Steve
     and Bill if there was one key trait or quality required. I received
     the same response: Patience. And a lot of it. As Bill said, "You meet
     some really annoying people and you meet some really good people. You
     have to ignore a lot of the bad stuff and really enjoy the good
     stuff". Steve explained, "Patience to keep up with the same thing over
     a long period of time. The other requirement would be that you really
     have to want to do it, not just a passing fad." Being a user is easy
     and fun with no responsibilities, but being a sysop takes a lot of
     time and work. If you don't have the motivation and patience you'll
     get bored or tired of it quickly. As Bill puts it:
          
               You see an awful lot of boards put up by young people.
          They get a modem, they discover it, and they think, "Hey,
          this is really fun and I'm going to do it too." And a week
          or two later they go, "Gee, I don't get to play my games
          very much any more because this board is always up." Before
          you know it, it's gone. It can be a passing fancy for a lot
          of people.
     
     You need to be sure you have the patience and dedication to stay with
     it. It's a hobby, but there's a lot of work involved when you're at
     the sysop end of it.
     
          Your reasons for becoming a sysop may be plainly obvious to you,
     but your BBS also needs a focus. What will it offer to callers? The
     focus can be anything since it's your board. For example, a place for
     friends to meet, a place for debates and discussions on general or
     specific issues, transferring of files, or particular hobbies (such as
     fantasy novels, cycling, fishing, animal care, etc). Just because the
     board is a computer based medium for conversation doesn't mean your
     board has to have computer/technical oriented message areas. It is
     merely a platform for communication, so you can target your board to
     any idea, concept or hobby you like. On the other hand, you may not
     even want a focus - some boards exist simply as general conversation
     forums. Bill offers some advice, "It's a good idea to experience
     several different boards. See who's doing what. See what works. See
     what doesn't work. Get an idea of just what you want to do. One
     person's idea of a great board is another person's idea of a dud."
     
          Once your board is finally setup and open to the public, you'll
     still have to spend time on daily maintenance. Each day you need to
     spend time checking on your BBS and the activities of your users.
     Keeping track of the message areas, new users requesting membership,
     and new file uploads all take time. You need to be able to put around
     thirty minutes each day into your board. When asked how difficult it
     is Steve explained in detail:
          
               Actually it begins to become so routine. It's no worse
          than having to shave every morning. It's not really that
          bad... Take the average thing I would do when I get on. I
          would sign on and read whatever new messages that are on the
          main section of the board and then I'd look to see if anyone
          sent me anything in any of the conferences I'm interested
          in. Other than that I just have to see if there are any new
          users. See if they're using fake names or something, delete
          the ones I don't think are real and validate those that
          are... That's really all it amounts to in terms of daily
          maintenance.
     
     Steve warns though:
          
          I think if you're going to run a bulletin board you should
          at least...put the 10 or 15 minutes a day into it. Otherwise
          you're just going to let it sit there and things will go
          wrong and it will come down and you won't notice. You've got
          to occasionally make sure things are running properly; put
          it back up if it comes down for any reasons.... I think that
          some people think that they can put up a board and literally
          forget about it for three or four weeks in a row and not
          look at it. You may be able to get away with it, but you're
          going to get people running amuck on your board.
     
     Along with patience you also need dedication.
     
          George Campbell in his article "How to start a BBS" suggests even
     more time:
          
                One need often ignored by would be sysops is time.
          Running a busy BBS takes a minimum of one hour each day just
          to answer E-Mail and to keep the BBS running smoothly. Once
          a week or so, a typical hobby BBS sysop spends additional
          time backing up the system hard disk, either to floppy disks
          or to a tape backup system. If your BBS will offer public
          domain software and shareware, you can count on spending an
          additional few hours per week adding and updating files.
          Finally, you'll spend an occasional day...dealing with the
          inevitable hardware crash. 6
          
          
          Bill agrees with George's back up suggestions, "The most
     important thing is regular back ups of your system. Back it up at
     least once a week. That way even if the very worst happens, all that
     happens is you're a week behind." Even the most top notch equipment
     can fail; or the unforeseen such as power outages/surges, computer
     virsuses or hackers/crackers can damage your system. Back it up as
     regularly as you have time for. Weekly at best, or every two weeks is
     fine. That way your board will always endure.
     
          It is a hobby, but is also work. Steve Fink offers his
     observation, "I've seen many people try to setup a system only to get
     discouraged because they didn't realize how much work goes into
     maintaining a busy BBS. If it doesn't get maintained, it degenerates
     fairly quickly and people stop using it." 7
     
          It's not all brutal work, of course, as Bill is quick to point
     out, "I really find it more of a relaxing little pastime than work. If
     I had to do it, then it would be work, but it's something I'm doing
     voluntarily." This is what explains the hobby sysop and the amount of
     work he freely puts into his board. But sometimes it does get boring,
     as Bill continues with, "There are times when I just think ''I don't
     want to do this,'' but fortunately I have several very excellent
     assistants who help me a lot." That brings in the idea of assistants -
     friends who help operate the board remotely with you. Assistants ,even
     new ones themselves to running a BBS, can be a great help. However,
     make sure they're trustworthy. Assistants with sysop access can do a
     lot of damage to your board. Bill explains how he picked his, "They're
     people that have been on the board a long time, or I've known for a
     really long time. You learn, hopefully, whether or not you can trust
     them. I would not give sysop access to anyone I didn't trust 100%".
     
          With the first user requesting membership on your BBS you must
     consider validation - the act of confirming their identity. This is
     done by calling them up with the number they supply. Confirming their
     identity may seem trivial, but it gives you some control over the
     people who use your system. Steve told me of how he doesn't voice
     validate and doesn't have much troubles. I myself don't, but for a new
     sysop it'll give you much more control over who can access your BBS.
     Bill confirms that with, "If you have their voice number they're less
     inclined to cause a lot of trouble because you have some contact
     besides a name on a screen." Rick Lembree concurs and suggests you
     don't give callers full access to your board until they've proven
     they're not there to abuse it. Peter Jones, Darryl Marietta, and Lynne
     Miller (The Wale Zoo) all agree. Steve Fink adds, "One of the worst
     duties a sysop has to perform is voice validating, calling the number
     left by the user in order to confirm his or identity. Although I don't
     like this chore and don't do it all the time, the sysop who doesn't do
     it is inviting trouble." 8
     
          If the idea of voice validating bothers you, then I suggest
     stating in your new user welcome message that you don't normally voice
     validate, but on occasion do if you feel it's necessary. Tell them to
     call back in 48 hours if they haven't received a call from you. That
     way you leave the door open for validation, but don't have to unless
     you feel it's necessary.
     
          Abusers. Dealing with people who seek to destroy or damage your
     BBS can be quite difficult for new sysops. Fortunately Steve and Bill
     are more than ready with advice.
     
          Steve offers his policy:
          
               I have a long standing rule about people who sign on
          and leave abusive messages or fake names or whatever: I
          simply delete their names and any messages they send. I
          don't say anything to them. I don't show any signs of
          aggravation. If they come back and do it again I simply
          delete them again. I find that if you do this a couple of
          times to most people they just go away. It's just like
          bullies, if a bully aggravates you, and you give him the
          pleasure of showing him you're aggravated, then he's going
          to latch onto you. He's getting what he wants out of you.
          He's getting you aggravated by what he does. So if some
          people come on your board and they start aggravating you,
          and you start sending them messages saying, "How dare you"
          etc, then you're giving them exactly what they want. You're
          showing aggravation. You're responding to them. That's what
          they want. They get their kicks out of it. If you don't
          respond, all you do is delete their stuff, and every time
          they come back all their fancy work is gone, and no notes,
          no messages, nobody getting upset with them, well it's not
          worth the trouble. They might as well go elsewhere where you
          can get people aggravated.
     
     Bill adds, "You have to realize who, and what, you're dealing with. If
     you start slinging the mud back you lower yourself to the level of the
     person who's bothering you."
     
          Keep in mind it's a two way street; if you want your users to be
     nice to you, you have to be nice to them. Rick Lembree comments, "A
     BBS is merely a form of communication between you, the sysop, and the
     users. Bear in mind the importance of interaction between users. The
     spirit of a BBS is the sharing of knowledge among fellow computer
     enthusiasts." 9
     
          Something you need to consider is guidelines; a set of rules or
     principles that your users must follow. These can be as simple as
     telling new users to use common sense when on the board to specific
     things they can not do or say online. Or you can simply have none.
     Steve offers his key rules, "First of all, I only accept real names...
     I also have very strict rules concerning uploading, trying to get
     people to only upload legitimate stuff. And I do have a set of
     guidelines concerning your behavior. If you go around insulting
     people, or making racial slurs, things like that, you're asked to stop
     or else you're kicked off."
     
          Bill was more firm about his key rule, "The only main enforced
     rule is no profanity. Don't want it and we won't have it. Beyond that,
     be nice to everybody. Or if you don't want to be nice to somebody then
     just don't bother with them."
     
          If you plan to operate a file transfer section consider how much
     a user can download before he needs to upload (or write a message).
     Peter Jones comments:
          
              My biggest peeve is the user who does nothing but build
          a personal software collection. That user will tie up the
          board for hours each day and give nothing in return. My
          answer has been to install an unofficial download-to-upload
          ratio of 15:1. The user gets a warning first, and if he
          continues, I just cut his download access. Users who are
          active in the message bases are not restricted. They
          participate and do a lot to insure the success of the board.
          10
          
     Many software programs allow you to set such ratios, employ a bytes
     transferred total restriction, or something along those lines.
     Whatever your choice, make it realistic. Users will expect something
     from your BBS just as you should expect interaction and participation
     from them.
     
          Things may be slow at first, but that's to be expected - your
     board is new! George Campbell offers the classic advice, "If it's a
     public hobby system, one of the best techniques is to place messages
     on other BBSs in your area, announcing your new system."11 On most
     BBSs you'll find a "BBS ads" message base or special add-on bulletin
     section. Work up an ad that would attract you if you were the user and
     leave it on all the boards you're on, but don't repeat yourself. If
     you leave it once, don't leave another until it's gone or it's been a
     good number of weeks. Remember, you're using another sysop's BBS to
     attract his users to yours.
     
          Rick Lembree adds:
          
          ...sysops can get discouraged if people don't call. Don't
          expect your BBS to overflow with callers the minute you put
          it online. If you decide to go public, advertise your
          board's number on other BBSs; make leaflets with The
          PrintShop, PrintMaster, or a similar package [Printer
          Utility Programs]; and distribute copies to bookstores,
          computer stores, schools, and libraries. During summer
          months especially, expect a slow down in logons. Not too
          many people sit at home calling a BBS on a bright summer
          day; don't let it discourage you. 12
          
          
          The last thing you need to think about is the legal matters.
     Previously I mentioned George Campbell's arcticle "How to Start a
     BBS". In it he outlined legal matters to remember. I'll sum up his key
     points here. First is Privacy. Your BBS program will offer private or
     confidential mail between users (often call E-Mail). But it's not
     really private as you can read it. It's much more important in the
     U.S. where the laws are much more specific, but it is important you
     state somewhere on your BBS that the mail is not entirely private and
     that you and your assistants are able to read it. Second, is Piracy.
     If a user uploads a commercial program to your BBS without your
     knowledge you can still be held responsible for it. It is your BBS and
     you will be held responsible for any copyright software being illegal
     distribute by your system. Using a Virus scanner on all upload
     programs is also important. Although it hasn't happened it's very
     probable that a sysop could be held responsible if a user downloads a
     virus that affects his system. Next is identifying users. More so true
     in the States than here, you must be able to prove the identities of
     all callers on demand by the courts. It is considered your
     responsibility to know this, making voice validating more important.
     Lastly, logs of BBS activity can also be demanded under court order.
     You are again expected to keep them. All logs are kept automatically
     by your BBS program. If you run a very large and active BBS keep the
     back ups of your logs on a separate disk when you back up your BBS
     weekly. That way they're all together if you should ever need them.
     13
     
          Hopefully I've impressed upon you the fact that running a BBS is
     a hobby, but it takes a good deal of time, patience, desire, and
     dedication to operate a BBS. If you have these requirements, then you
     will find it an easy and enjoyable pastime. If what I've said sounds
     too much like work to you then I suggest you reconsider about being a
     sysop. If you have any friends who operate boards, see if you can lend
     a hand as assistant on their board. That can help you get an idea if
     the sysop game is for you.
     
          There's a big jump between user and sysop. Being a sysop isn't
     for everyone. Keep it in mind no matter what decision you make.
     
     
     Jason Mac Innes
     Coffee Break Spies BBS
     (905)792-8599
     
     
                                   Endnotes
     
     
         1
          Netsel, Tom, ed. "From the other side," Compute!'s Gazette, April
     1990, p. 29.
     
     
         2
          Lembree, Rick. "So you want to be a Sysop?" Compute (Gazette
     Edition), March 1991, p. G8.
     
     
         3
          Maxwell, Bob. "A Sysop's Peeves," Turbo Bulletin Board System,
     1986, p.p. 1.
     
     
         4
          Netsel, p. 29.
     
     
         5
          Netsel, p. 29.
     
     
         6
          Campbell, George. "How to start a BBS," Compute, October 1992, p.
     8.
     
     
         7
          Netsel, p. 29.
     
     
         8
          Netsel, p. 29.
     
     
         9
          Lembree, p. G8.
     
     
        10
          Netsel, p. 28.
     
     
        11
          Campbell, p. 14.
     
     
        12
          Lembree, p. G14.
     
     
        13
          Campbell, p. 12.
     
     
     
                                 Bibliography
     
     
     Akroyd, Bill. Personal Interview. 20 April 1994.
     
     
     Campbell, George. "How to start a BBS," Compute, October 1992,
          pp. 7-14.
     
     
     Lembree, Rick. "So you want to be a Sysop?" Compute (Gazette
          Edition), March 1991, pp. G7-G14.
     
     
     Maxwell, Bob. "A Sysop's Peeves," Turbo Bulletin Board System
          (Vancouver), 1986.
     
     
     Netsel, Tom, ed. "From the other side," Compute!'s Gazette, April
          1990, pp. 28-30.
     
     
     Punter, Steve. Personal Interview. 17 April 1994.
     

;========================================================================================
;	VIC-20 System Variable Equates
;	(c) 1996 Richard A. Cini, Jr. All Rights Reserved.
;
;	Portions of this have been derived from a file in comp.sys.cbm dated 9/1/94.
;	File was restructured to be used as part of an <#INCLUDE> assembler directive.
;	Undefined symbols from the comp.sys.cbm doc were created; others cleaned-up.
;	Variable locations were cross-referenced against other sources and a
;	disassembly of the KERNEL ROM for correctness.
;
;	Zero-page and Page 1 variable names partially derived from various PET books,
;	specifically for those locations that have similar functionality in both the
;	VIC and the PET. Other variable names are self-derived.
;
;
;  Release History:
;  ================
;  1996/12/13	0.10	First release to CBMAPPS (sort of public beta)
;  1996/12/19	0.12	Corrected calling tree notes on transfer vectors. Also began
;				work on system variables, and reworked KERNEL API.
;  1996/12/23	0.20	Began work on page 0 and 1 variables.
;
;========================================================================================

;========================================================================================
;  Commodore VIC-20 BASIC/KERNEL System Variable Equates
;
;  .ORG $0000		; Zero page
USRPOK =$00
USRVEC =$01
FLOATV =$03
FIXEDV =$05
SRCHCR =$07
QUOTEF =$08
TABCOL =$09
IOFLG1 =$0A
COUNT  =$0B
DIMFLG =$0C
VALTYP =$0D
INTFLG =$0E
DORES  =$0F
SUBFLG =$10
INPFLG =$11
DOMASK =$12
IOPMPT =$13
INTRVL =$14
TMSTPT =$16
LASTPT =$17
STRSTK =$19
UTLPTR =$22
ADDEND =$26
TXTTAB =$2B
VARTAB =$2D
ARYTAB =$2F
EOAPTR =$31
FRESPC =$33
UTLSTP =$35
MEMSIZ =$37
CURLIN =$39
OLDLIN =$3B
OLDTXT =$3D
DATLIN =$3F
DATPTR =$41
INPPTR =$43
VARNAM =$45
VARPNT =$47
FORPNT =$49
YSAVE  =$4B
ACCSYM =$4D
WORK1  =$4E
JMPER  =$54
WORKNV =$57
FC1EX  =$61
FC1M1  =$62
FC1M2  =$63
FC1M3  =$64
FC1M4  =$65
FC1SN  =$66
SEVALP =$67
FC1OVF =$68
FC2EX  =$69
FC2M1  =$6A
FC2M2  =$6B
FC2M3  =$6C
FC2M4  =$6D
FC2SN  =$6E
ARISGN =$6F
FC1ROU =$70
CSBFLN =$71
CHRGET =$73
CHRGOT =$7A
RNDX   =$8B
CSTAT  =$90
STPRVF =$91
TPTMCS =$92
IOFLG2 =$93
SDEFDF =$94
SDFCHR =$95
EOTFLG =$96
REGSAV =$97
COPNFL =$98
INDEV  =$99
OUTTEV =$9A
TPCPAR =$9B
BYTINF =$9C
CMDMOD =$9D
TP1ERC =$9E
TP2ERC =$9F
CTIMR0 =$A0
CTIMR1 =$A1
CTIMR2 =$A2
SBITCF =$A3
CYCLE  =$A4
CNTDN  =$A5
CSBFPT =$A6
TPLEAD =$A7
TPWRRE =$A8
TPWSRE =$A9
TPSCAN =$AA
TPWLRC =$AB
CSBPTR =$AC
TPEEOP =$AE
TPCON1 =$B0
TPCON2 =$B1
CBSTPT =$B2
TPTIMR =$B4
TAPEOT =$B5
RDCHAR =$B6
FNMLEN =$B7
LOGFIL =$B8
SECADR =$B9
CHANNL =$BA
FNPTR  =$BB
WSWRIC =$BD
CBLKRW =$BE
SWDBUF =$BF
TPMOTR =$C0
IOSTRT =$C1
KENTER =$C3
CURKEY =$C5
KEYCNT =$C6
SCRVFL =$C7
EOLPTR =$C8
ICRROW =$C9
KEYDN  =$CB
CENABF =$CC
CRSTIM =$CD
CRUNDR =$CE
CRBLNK =$CF
INSRC  =$D0
LINPTR =$D1
CSRIDX =$D3
CSRMOD =$D4
LINLEN =$D5
CURROW =$D6
LASTKY =$D7
INSRTO =$D8
SLLTBL =$D9
SLDMY  =$F1
SCROWM =$F2
COLRPT =$F3
KBDPTR =$F5
RXPTR  =$F7
TXPTR  =$F9
OSFRE0 =$FB
OSFRE1 =$FC
OSFRE2 =$FD
OSFRE3 =$FE
BASSTO =$FF

;
;  .ORG $0100		;Page 1 Variables
FBUFFR =$0100

;
;  .ORG $0200		;Page 2 Variables
BUF    =$0200
FILTBL =$0259
DEVTBL =$0263
SECATB =$026D
KBUFFR =$0277
OSSTAR =$0281
OSTOP  =$0283
STIMOT =$0285
CLCODE =$0286
CSRCLR =$0287
SCNMPG =$0288
KBMAXL =$0289
KEYRPT =$028A
KRPTSP =$028B
KRPTDL =$028C
SHFTFL =$028D
LSSHFT =$028E
FCEVAL =$028F
SHMODE =$0291
SCRLFL =$0292
SRCTRG =$0293
SRCMDR =$0294
SBTIM  =$0295
SRSTAT =$0297
BITSTS =$0298
BAUDRT =$0299
RXPTR1 =$029B
RXINPT =$029C
TXPTR1 =$029D
TXOUTP =$029E
TAPIRQ =$029F
PGINDR =$02A1

;
;  .ORG $0300		;Page 3 Variables
NERRPT =$0300
NMAIN  =$0302
NCRNCH =$0304
NLIST  =$0306
NBYEBY =$0308
NEVAL  =$030A
6502A  =$030C
6502X  =$030D
6502Y  =$030E
6502P  =$030F
UNKNO1 =$0310
UNKNO2 =$0334
CSBUF  =$033C

;
;  .ORG $9000		; VIC PAGE
;
;  Locations commented-out are not referenced in the V2.0 KERNEL ROM.
;
;HCENTR =$9000
;VCENTR =$9001
VRCURS =$9002
VRROWS =$9003
;RASTER =$9004
VRSTRT =$9005
;LPENH  =$9006
;LPENV  =$9007
;PDLX   =$9008
;PDLY   =$9009
;OSC1    =$900A
;OSC2    =$900B
;OSC3    =$900C
;OSC4    =$900D
;VOLUME  =$900E
;COLRRG  =$900F

;
;  .ORG $9110		I/O Page
;  VIA #1
D1ORB  =$9110
D1ORA  =$9111
D1DDRB =$9112
D1DDRA =$9113
D1TM1L =$9114
D1TM1H =$9115
D1T1CL =$9116
D1T1CH =$9117
D1TM2L =$9118
D1TM2H =$9119
D1SHFR =$911A
D1ACR  =$911B
D1PCR  =$911C
D1IFR  =$911D
D1IER  =$911E
D1ORAH =$911F		;Cassette switch sense
;
;
;  VIA #2
D2ORB  =$9120
D2ORA  =$9121
D2DDRB =$9122
D2DDRA =$9123
D2TM1L =$9124
D2TM1H =$9125
D2T1CL =$9126
D2T1CH =$9127
D2TM2L =$9128
D2TM2H =$9129
D2SHFR =$912A
D2ACR  =$912B
D2PCR  =$912C
D2IFR  =$912D
D2IER  =$912E
D2ORAH =$912F

CLRAM1 =$9400		;Alternate Color RAM location
CLRAM  =$9600		;Color RAM 
A0BASE =$A000		;Autostart ROM base

;========================================================================================
;  Commodore Public Kernel API
;
ACPTR  =$FFA5		;Receive From Serial Bus
BREAK  =$FED2		;Break vector handler
CHKIN  =$FFC6		;Set Input Device
CHKOUT =$FFC9		;Set Output Device
CHRIN  =$FFCF		;Input a byte
CHROUT =$FFD2		;Output One Character
CIOUT  =$FFA8		;Send Serial Deferred
CLALL  =$FFE7		;Abort All Files
CLOSE  =$FFC3		;Close File
CLRCHN =$FFCC		;Restore Default I/O
GETIN  =$FFE4		;Get a byte
IOBASE =$FFF3		;Return I/O Base Address
LISTN  =$FFB1		;Send LISTEN Command on Serial Bus	
LOAD   =$FFD5		;Load RAM From Device (flows to ILINKL)
MEMBOT =$FF9C		;Set / Read Bottom of Memory
MEMTOP =$FF99		;Set / Read Top of Memory
OPEN   =$FFC0		;Open File
PLOT   =$FFF0
RDTIM  =$FFDE		;Read Real-Time Clock
READST =$FFB7		;Get I/O Status Word
RESTOR =$FF8A		;Restore Kernel Vectors (at $0314)
SAVE   =$FFD8		;Save RAM To Device (flows to ILINKS)
SCNKEY =$FF9F		;Scan keyboard
SCREEN =$FFED
SECND  =$FF93		;Send LISTEN Secondary Address
SETLFS =$FFBA		;Set Logical File Parameters
SETMSG =$FF90		;Control OS Messages
SETNAM =$FFBD		;Set Filename
SETTIM =$FFDB		;Set Real-Time Clock
SETTMO =$FFA2		;Set IEEE Timeout
STOP   =$FFE1		;Check STOP Key
TALK   =$FFB4		;Send TALK Command on Serial Bus	
TKSA   =$FF96		;Send TALK Secondary Address
UDTIM  =$FFEA		;Increment Real-Time Clock
UNLSN  =$FFAE		;Send UNLISTEN on Serial Bus
UNTLK  =$FFAB		;Send UNTALK on Serial Bus
USER   =$FED2		;User vector
VECTOR =$FF8D		;Change Vectors For User


;========================================================================================
;  Transfer Vectors
;
;  Generally, these are not meant to be called by USER programs, 
;  except maybe IRQ, which can be called to chain interrupts.
NMI    =$FEA9		; FFFA =>FEA9=>(0318)=>FEAD
RESET  =$FD22		; FFFC =>FD22
IRQ    =$FF72		; FFFE =>FF72=>(0314)=>EABF
		;		 =>(0316)=>FED2=>(C002)

;========================================================================================
;  System Vectors
;
;  These are the indirected system vectors located in page 1 RAM. Calling these
;  functions requires an indirect JSR. These locations used primarily for
;  re-vectoring to user-created code that provides equivalent functionality.
IRQVP  =$0314		;IRQ			EABF
BRKVP  =$0316		;Break		FED2
NMIVP  =$0318		;NMI			FEAD
OPENVP =$031A		;OPEN			F40A
CLOSVP =$031C		;CLOSE		F34A
CKINVP =$031E		;Set Input		F2C7
CKOTVP =$0320		;Set Output		F309
CLCHVP =$0322		;Restore I/O	F3F3
CHINVP =$0324		;INPUT		F20E
CHOTVP =$0326		;OUTPUT		F27A
STOPVP =$0328		;STOP			F770
GTINVP =$032A		;GET			F1F5
CLALVP =$032C		;Abort I/O		F3EF
USERVP =$032E		;User			FED2
LLODVP =$0330		;Link to Load	F549
LSAVVP =$0332		;Link to Save	F685


;========================================================================================
;  Commodore BASIC ROM API
;
;
BENTER =$c000		;Basic Restart Vectors
BPANIC =$c002		;Basic PANIC entry
BASSIG =$c004		;'cbmbasic'
STMDSP =$c00c		;BASIC Command Vectors
FUNDSP =$c052		;BASIC Function Vectors
OPTAB  =$c080		;BASIC Operator Vectors
RESLST =$c09e		;BASIC Command Keyword Table
MSCLST =$c129		;BASIC Misc. Keyword Table
OPLIST =$c140		;BASIC Operator Keyword Table
FUNLST =$c14d		;BASIC Function Keyword Table
ERRTAB =$c19e		;Error Message Table
ERRPTR =$c328		;Error Message Pointers
OKK    =$c364		;Misc. Messages
			;c364	;'<cr>ok<cr>'
			;c369	;'error'
UNUSE1 =$c389		;Unused byte
FNDFOR =$c38a		;Find FOR/GOSUB Entry on Stack
BLTU   =$c3b8		;Open Space in Memory
GETSTK =$c3fb		;Check Stack Depth
REASON =$c408		;Check Memory Overlap
OMERR  =$c435		;Output "?OUT OF MEMORY Error"
ERROR  =$c437		;Error Routine
ERRFIN =$c469		;Break Entry
READY  =$c474		;BASIC ready entry
MAIN   =$c480		;Input & Identify BASIC Line
MAIN1  =$c49c		;Get Line Number & Tokenise Text
INSLIN =$c4a2		;Insert BASIC Text
LNKPRG =$c533		;Rechain Lines
INLIN  =$c560		;Input Line Into Buffer
CRUNCH =$c579		;Tokenize Input Buffer
FNDLIN =$c613		;Search for Line Number
SCRTCH =$c642		;Perform [new]
CLEAR  =$c65e		;Perform [clr]
STXPT  =$c68e		;Reset TXTPTR
LIST   =$c69c		;Perform [list]
QPLOP  =$c717		;Handle LIST 
FOR    =$c742		;Perform [for]
NEWSTT =$c7ae		;BASIC Warm Start
CKEOL  =$c7c4		;Check End of Program
GONE   =$c7e1		;Prepare to execute statement
GONE3  =$c7ed		;Perform BASIC Keyword
RESTOR =$c81d		;Perform [restore]
STOP   =$c82c		;Perform [stop], [end], break
CONT   =$c857		;Perform [cont]
RUN    =$c871		;Perform [run]
GOSUB  =$c883		;Perform [gosub]
GOTO   =$c8a0		;Perform [goto]
RETURN =$c8d2		;Perform [return]
DATA   =$c8f8		;Perform [data]
DATAN  =$c906		;Search for Next Statement / Line
IF     =$c928		;Perform [if]
REM    =$c93b		;Perform [rem]
ONGOTO =$c94b		;Perform [on]
LINGET =$c96b		;Fetch linnum From BASIC
LET    =$c9a5		;Perform [let]
PUTINT =$c9c4		;Assign Integer
PTFLPT =$c9d6		;Assign Floating Point
PUTSTR =$c9d9		;Assign String
PUTTIM =$c9e3		;Assign TI$
GETSPT =$ca2c		;Add Digit to FAC#1
PRINTN =$ca80		;Perform [print#]
CMD    =$ca86		;Perform [cmd]
STRDON =$ca9a		;Print String From Memory
PRINT  =$caa0		;Perform [print]
VAROP  =$cab8		;Output Variable	
CRDO   =$cad7		;Output CR/LF	
COMPRT =$cae8		;Handle comma, TAB(, SPC(
STROUT =$cb1e		;Output String	
OUTSPC =$cb3b		;Output Format Character	
DOAGIN =$cb4d		;Handle Bad Data	
GET    =$cb7b		;Perform [get]	
INPUTN =$cba5		;Perform [input#]	
INPUT  =$cbbf		;Perform [input]	
BUFFUL =$cbea		;Read Input Buffer	
QINLIN =$cbf9		;Do Input Prompt	
READ   =$cc06		;Perform [read]	
RDGET  =$cc35		;General Purpose Read Routine	
EXINT  =$ccfc		;Input Error Messages
			;ccfc	'?EXTRA IGNORED<CR>'	
			;cd0c	'?REDO FROM START<CR>'	
NEXT   =$cd1e		;Perform [next]
DONEXT =$cd61		;Check Valid Loop
FRMNUM =$cd8a		;Confirm Result
FRMEVL =$cd9e		;Evaluate Expression in Text
EVAL   =$ce83		;Evaluate Single Term
PIVAL  =$cea8		;Constant - pi
QDOT   =$cead		;Continue Expression
PARCHK =$cef1		;Expression in Brackets
CHKCLS =$cef7		;Confirm Character
CHKPNC =$cef7		;test ')'
CHKPNO =$cefa		;test '('
CHKCOM =$cefd		;test comma
SNERR  =$cf08		;Output "?SYNTAX Error"
DOMIN  =$cf0d		;Set up NOT Function
RSVVAR =$cf14		;Identify Reserved Variable
ISVAR  =$cf28		;Search for Variable	
TISASC =$cf48		;Convert TI to ASCII String	
ISFUN  =$cfa7		;Identify Function Type	
STRFUN =$cfb1		;Evaluate String Function	
NUMFUN =$cfd1		;Evaluate Numeric Function	
OROP   =$cfe6		;Perform [or], [and]"	
DOREL  =$d016		;Perform <, =, >	
NUMREL =$d01b		;Numeric Comparison	
STRREL =$d02e		;String Comparison	
DIM    =$d07e		;Perform [dim]	
PTRGET =$d08b		;Identify Variable	
ORDVAR =$d0e7		;Locate Ordinary Variable	
NOTFNS =$d11d		;Create New Variable	
NOTEVL =$d128		;Create Variable	
ARYGET =$d194		;Allocate Array Pointer Space	
N32768 =$d1a5		;Constant 32768 in Flpt	DATA
FACINX =$d1aa		;FAC#1 to Integer in (AC/YR)
INTIDX =$d1b2		;Evaluate Text for Integer
AYINT  =$d1bf		;FAC#1 to Positive Integer
ISARY  =$d1d1		;Get Array Parameters
FNDARY =$d218		;Find Array
BSERR  =$d245		;"?Bad subscript error"
FCERR  =$d248		;"?Illegal quantity error"
NOTFDD =$d261		;Create Array
INLPN2 =$d30e		;Locate Element in Array
UMULT  =$d34c		;Number of Bytes in Subscript
FRE    =$d37d		;Perform [fre]
GIVAYF =$d391		;Convert Integer in (AC/YR) to Flpt
POS    =$d39e		;Perform [pos]
ERRDIR =$d3a6		;Confirm Program Mode
GETFNM =$d3e1		;Check Syntax of FN
FNDOER =$d3f4		;Perform [fn]
STRD   =$d465		;Perform [str$]
STRLIT =$d487		;Setup String
PUTNW1 =$d4d5		;Save String Descriptor
GETSPA =$d4f4		;Allocate Space for String
GARBAG =$d526		;Garbage Collection
DVARS  =$d5bd		;Search for Next String
GRBPAS =$d606		;Collect a String
CAT    =$d63d		;Concatenate Two Strings
MOVINS =$d67a		;Store String in High RAM
FRESTR =$d6a3		;Perform String Housekeeping
FREFAC =$d6db		;Clean Descriptor Stack
CHRD   =$d6ec		;Perform [chr$]
LEFTD  =$d700		;Perform [left$]
RIGHTD =$d72c		;Perform [right$]
MIDD   =$d737		;Perform [mid$]
PREAM  =$d761		;Pull sTring Parameters
LEN    =$d77c		;Perform [len]
LEN1   =$d782		;Exit String Mode
ASC    =$d78b		;Perform [asc]
GTBYTC =$d79b		;Evaluate Text to 1 Byte in XR
VAL    =$d7ad		;Perform [val]
STRVAL =$d7b5		;Convert ASCII String to Flpt
GETNUM =$d7eb		;Get parameters for POKE/WAIT
GETADR =$d7f7		;Convert FAC#1 to Integer in LINNUM
PEEK   =$d80d		;Perform [peek]
POKE   =$d824		;Perform [poke]
WAIT   =$d82d		;Perform [wait]
FADDH  =$d849		;Add 0.5 to FAC#1
FSUB   =$d850		;Perform Subtraction
FADD5  =$d862		;Normalize Addition
FADD   =$d867		;Perform Addition
NEGFAC =$d947		;2's Complement FAC#1
OVERR  =$d97e		;"?OVERFLOW Error"
MULSHF =$d983		;Multiply by Zero Byte
FONE   =$d9bc		;Table of Flpt Constants
LOG    =$d9ea		;Perform [log]
FMULT  =$da28		;Perform Multiply
MULPLY =$da59		;Multiply by a Byte
CONUPK =$da8c		;Load FAC#2 From Memory
MULDIV =$dab7		;Test Both Accumulators
MLDVEX =$dad4		;Overflow / Underflow
MUL10  =$dae2		;Multiply FAC#1 by 10
TENC   =$daf9		;Constant 10 in Flpt
DIV10  =$dafe		;Divide FAC#1 by 10
FDIV   =$db07		;Divide FAC#2 by Flpt at (AC/YR)
FDIVT  =$db0f		;Divide FAC#2 by FAC#1
MOVFM  =$dba2		;Load FAC#1 From Memory
MOV2F  =$dbc7		;Store FAC#1 in Memory
MOVFA  =$dbfc		;Copy FAC#2 into FAC#1	
MOVAF  =$dc0c		;Copy FAC#1 into FAC#2	
ROUND  =$dc1b		;Round FAC#1	
SIGN   =$dc2b		;Check Sign of FAC#1	
SGN    =$dc39		;Perform [sgn]	
ABS    =$dc58		;Perform [abs]	
FCOMP  =$dc5b		;Compare FAC#1 With Memory	
QINT   =$dc9b		;Convert FAC#1 to Integer	
INT    =$dccc		;Perform [int]	
FIN    =$dcf3		;Convert ASCII String to a Number in FAC#1	
N0999  =$ddb3		;String Conversion Constants
INPRT  =$ddc2		;Output 'IN ' + Line Number	
FOUT   =$dddd		;Convert FAC#1 to ASCII String	
FOUTIM =$de68		;Convert TI to String	
FHALF  =$df11		;Table of Constants	
SQR    =$df71		;Perform [sqr]	
FPWRT  =$df7b		;Perform power ($)
NEGOP  =$dfb4		;Negate FAC#1
LOGEB2 =$dfbf		;Table of Constants
EXP    =$dfed		;Perform [exp]


;========================================================================================
;  Commodore Internal Kernel API
;
;  Code continues across segment boundary from Basic ROM
;	
POLYX  =$e040		;Series Evaluation
RMULC  =$e08a		;Constants for RND
RND    =$e094		;Perform [rnd]
BIOERR =$e0f6		;Handle I/O Error in BASIC
BCHOUT =$e109		;Output Character
BCHIN  =$e10f		;Input Character
BCKOUT =$e115		;Setup For Output
BCKIN  =$e11b		;Setup For Input
BGETIN =$e121		;Get One Character
SYS    =$e127		;Perform [sys]
SAVET  =$e153		;Perform [save]
VERFYT =$e162		;Perform [verify / load]
OPENT  =$e1bb		;Perform [open]
CLOSET =$e1c4		;Perform [close]
SLPARA =$e1d1		;Get Parameters For LOAD/SAVE
COMBYT =$e1fd		;Get Next One Byte Parameter
DEFLT  =$e203		;Check Default Parameters
COMMA  =$e20b		;Check For Comma
OCPARA =$e216		;Get Parameters For OPEN/CLOSE
COS    =$e261		;Perform [cos]
SIN    =$e268		;Perform [sin]
TAN    =$e2b1		;Perform [tan]
PI2    =$e2dd		;Table of Trig Constants
			;e2dd	pi/2   1.570796327
			;e2e2	pi*2   6.28318531
			;e2e7	0.25
			;e2ec	#05(counter)
			;e2ed	-14.3813907
			;e2f2	42.0077971
			;e2f7	-76.7041703
			;e2fc	81.6052237
			;e301	-41.3417021
			;e306	6.28318531
ATN    =$e30b		;Perform [atn]
ATNCON =$e33b		;Table of ATN Constants
			;e33b	#0B(counter)
			;e3ec	-0.000684794
			;e341	0.004850942
			;e346	-0.161117018
			;e34b	0.034209638
			;e350	-0.054279133
			;e355	0.072457197
			;e35a	-0.089802395
			;e35f	0.110932413
			;e364	-0.142839808
			;e369	0.19999912
			;e36e	-0.333333316
			;e373	1
INIT   =$e378		;BASIC Cold Start
INITAT =$e387		;CHRGET For Zero-page
RNDSED =$e39f		;RND Seed For zero-page (0.811635157)
INITCZ =$e3a4		;Initialize BASIC RAM
INITMS =$e404		;Output Power-Up Message
FREMES =$e429		;Power-up message ' BYTES FREE<CR>'
WORDS  =$e436		;Power-up message '<CLR>**** CBM BASIC V2 ****<CR>'
BVTRS  =$e44f		;Table of BASIC Vectors (for 0300)
INITV  =$e45b		;Initialize Vectors
BASSFT =$e467		;BASIC Warm Restart [RUN/STOP-RESTORE]
UNKNO3 =$e475		;UNKNOWN
UNUSD2 =$e47c		;Unused Bytes For Future Patches
SOUT1  =$e4a0		;Serial Output 1
SOUT0  =$e4a9		;Serial Output 0
SDCLK  =$e4b2		;Get Serial Data And Clock In
SSADR  =$e4bc		;Get Secondary Address patch for Serial LOAD/VERIFY
SLDPCH =$e4c1		;Relocated Load patch for Serial LOAD/VERIFY
TPWPCH =$e4cf		;Tape Write patch for CLOSE
UNUSD3 =$e4da		;Unused	
SCREEN =$e505		;Return Screen Organization
PLOT   =$e50a		;Read / Set Cursor X/Y Position
CINT1  =$e518		;Initialize I/O
CLRSCN =$e55f		;Clear Screen
HOME   =$e581		;Home Cursor
SCNPTR =$e587		;Set Screen Pointers
PANIC  =$e5b5		;Set I/O Defaults 
IODEF1 =$e5bb		;Set I/O Defaults (unused)
LP2    =$e5cf		;Get Character From Keyboard Buffer
INKEY  =$e5e5		;Input From Keyboard
INSCRN =$e64f		;Input From Screen or Keyboard
QUOTET =$e6b8		;Quotes Test
CMD4   =$e6c5		;Set Up Screen Print
CSRPLS =$e6ea		;Advance Cursor
CSRMIN =$e719		;Retreat Cursor
CSRUP  =$e72d		;Back on to Previous Line
OUTSCR =$e742		;Output to Screen
NOSHCH =$e756		;-unshifted characters-
SHCHRS =$e800		;-shifted characters-
NEWLIN =$e8c3		;Go to Next Line
CR     =$e8d8		;Output <CR>
CKLNMI =$e8e8		;Check Line Decrement
CKLNPL =$e8fa		;Check Line Increment
STCLRC =$e912		;Set Color Code
COLRTB =$e921		;Color Code Table
XLATB1 =$e929		;Screen code table
SCRLSC =$e975		;Scroll Screen
INSSPC =$e9ee		;Open a Space On The Screen
MOVELN =$ea56		;Move a Screen Line
COPYCL =$ea6e		;Syncronize Color Transfer
LINSTR =$ea7e		;Set Start of Line
CLRLIN =$ea8d		;Clear Screen Line
PRNSCR =$eaa1		;Print To Screen
BLINK  =$eab2		;Blink cursor 
IRQVEC =$eabf		;Main IRQ Entry Point
SCNKEY =$eb1e		;Scan Keyboard
PROCKY =$eb74		;Process Key Image
KDECOD =$ec46		;Pointers to Keyboard decoding tables	
KDECD1 =$ec5e		;Keyboard Decoding Table-Unshifted
KDECD2 =$ec9f		;Keyboard Decoding Table-Shifted
KDECD3 =$ece0		;Keyboard Decoding Table-Commodore	
GRTXTF =$ed21		;Graphics/Text Control
KDECD4 =$ed69		;Keyboard Decoding Table	
KDECD5 =$eda3		;Keyboard Decoding Table-Control
VICSUP =$ede4		;Video Chip Set Up Table	
RUNSHF =$edf4		;Shift-Run Equivalent	
LBSCAD =$edfd		;Low Byte Screen Line Addresses
ITALK  =$ee14
ILISTN =$ee16
OTDSBU =$ee49		;Send Data On Serial Bus	
FLGERR =$eeb4		;Flag Errors	
			;eeb4  STATUS #80 - DEVICE NOT PRESENT
			;eeb7	 STATUS #03 - WRITE TIMEOUT
ISECND =$eec0
CLRATN =$eec5		;Clear ATN
ITKSA  =$eece
WTFCLK =$eed3		;Wait For Serial Clock
ICIOUT =$eee4
IUNTLK =$eef6
IUNLSN =$ef04
IACPTR =$ef19
SCLK1  =$ef84		;Serial Clock On
SCLK0  =$ef8d		;Serial Clock Off
DELAY  =$ef96		;Delay 1 ms
SSEND  =$efa3		;RS-232 Send
SSNDN  =$efee		;Send New RS-232 Byte
DSRERR =$f016		;'No DSR' Error	
CTSERR =$f019		;'No CTS' Error	
DISTIM =$f021		;Disable Timer	
BITCNT =$f027		;Compute Bit Count	
SERRX  =$f036		;RS-232 Receive	
RXSET  =$f05b		;Setup To Receive	
PROCSB =$f068		;Process RS-232 Byte	
SSUBBT =$f0bc		;Submit to RS-232	
SSENDB =$f0ed		;Send to RS-232 Buffer	
SERINP =$f116		;Input From RS-232	
SERGET =$f14f		;Get From RS-232	
SBIDLE =$f160		;Serial Bus Idle	
KIOMSG =$f174		;Table of Kernel I/O Messages
			;f174	'<CR> I/O ERROR #'	
			;f1df	'OK<CR>'
DIRMSG =$f1e2		;Print Message if Direct
MSG    =$f1e6		;Print Message
IGETIN =$f1f5
ICHRIN =$f20e
GTTSCH =$f250
ICHROT =$f27a
ICHKIN =$f2c7
ICHKOT =$f309
ICLOSE =$f34a		;Get From Tape / Serial / RS-232
FIND   =$f3cf		;Find File
FLATRB =$f3df		;Set File values
ICLALL =$f3ef
ICLRCH =$f3f3
IOPEN  =$f40a
SENDSA =$f495		;Send Secondary Address
SEROPN =$f4c7		;Open RS-232
ILOAD  =$f542
LNKLOD =$f549		;-load-
SERLOA =$f55c		;Load File From Serial Bus
TAPLOA =$f5ca		;Load File From Tape
SRCHMS =$f647		;Print "SEARCHING"
FLNMMS =$f659		;Print Filename
LOADMS =$f66a		;Print "LOADING / VERIFYING"
LNKSAV =$f685		;-save-
SERSAV =$f692		;Save to Serial Bus
TAPESV =$f6f1		;Save to Tape
SAVEMS =$f728		;Print "SAVING"
IUDTIM =$f734
IRDTIM =$f760
ISETTM =$f767
ISTOP  =$f770
IOERMS =$f77e		;Output I/O Error Messages
			;f77e	'TOO MANY FILES'
			;f781	'FILE OPEN'
			;f784	'FILE NOT OPEN'
			;f787	'FILE NOT FOUND'
			;f78a	'DEVICE NOT PRESENT'
			;f78d	'NOT INPUT FILE'
			;f790	'NOT OUTPUT FILE'
			;f793	'MISSING FILENAME'
			;f796	'ILLEGAL DEVICE NUMBER'
LOCTPH =$f7af		;Find Any Tape Header
WRTPHD =$f7e7		;Write Tape Header
GETBFA =$f84d		;Get Buffer Address
SETBST =$f854		;Set Buffer Stat / End Pointers
LOCSPH =$f867		;Find Specific Tape Header
INCTPT =$f88a		;Bump Tape Pointer
PLAYMS =$f894		;"Print "PRESS PLAY ON TAPE"
TPSTAT =$f8ab		;Check Tape Status
RECDMS =$f8b7		;Print "PRESS RECORD..."
TPREAD =$f8c0		;Initiate Tape Read
TPWRIT =$f8e3		;Initiate Tape Write
TPCODE =$f8ef		;Common Tape Code
TPSTOP =$f94b		;Check Tape Stop
SETRDT =$f95d		;Set Read Timing
RDTPBT =$f98e		;Read Tape Bits
STORTC =$faad		;Store Tape Characters
RSTTPP =$fbd2		;Reset Tape Pointer
NCHAR  =$fbdb		;New Character Setup
TONE   =$fbea		;Send Tone to Tape
TWRDTA =$fc06		;Write Data to Tape
WRLEDR =$fc95		;Write Tape Leader
RESIRQ =$fccf		;Restore Normal IRQ
STOIRQ =$fcf6		;Set IRQ Vector
NOMOTR =$fd08		;Kill Tape Motor
CKWRPT =$fd11		;Check Read / Write Pointer
INCRDP =$fd1b		;Bump Read / Write Pointer
SCNROM =$fd3f		;Check For A000 ROM
ROMSIG =$fd4d		;Autostart ROM signature 'a0CBM'
IRESTR =$fd52
IVECTR =$fd57
KNRLSV =$fd6d		;Kernel reset vector table
RAMTAS =$fd8d		;Initialize System Constants
TAPEVC =$fdf1		;IRQ vector table for tape I/O
IOINIT =$fdf9		;Initialize I/O
ENABTM =$fe39		;Enable Timer
ISETNM =$fe49
ISETLF =$fe50
IRDST  =$fe57
ISETMS =$fe66
ISETTO =$fe6f
IMEMTP =$fe73
IMEMBT =$fe82
MEMTST =$fe91		;Test system memory
NMIXFR =$fea9		;NMI Transfer Entry
WARMST =$fed2		;Warm Start Basic [BRK]
EOI    =$ff56		;Exit Interrupt
232TBL =$ff5c		;RS-232 Timing Table
IRQXFR =$ff72		;IRQ Transfer Entry

VIC-20 System Variable Equates	Page 6
12/24/96 10:32 AM



                        CONNECT Table of Contents
                            May/June '93 Issue

CONNECT is a new bi-monthly magazine focusing on telecommunications from a
user's perspective. Coverage includes the major commercial online services,
Internet/Usenet and bulletin board systems. The first issue of CONNECT
(May/June '93 cover date) will be available in mid-March.

Here is a list of the feature articles and columns that appear in this
premiere issue:

FEATURES

Telecomputing and the U.S. Constitution by Mark Leccese
     This article explores the current STEVE JACKSON GAMES v. THE UNITED
     STATES court case and its potential impact on BBS users and sysops
     across the country.

History of FIDOnet by Kathleen Creighton
     An interview with Tom Jennings, creator of FIDOnet, who discusses
     how FIDOnet came into being, where it is now, and where it's going
     in the future.

The Weather Underground by Ilana Stern
     How you can get current weather data and maps online, with a detailed
     look at the University of Michigan's Weather Underground.

Intro to Packet Radio by Andy Funk
     This introduction to Pa	et Radio shows how you can get involved in
     one of the fastest growing hobbies in telecommunications...phone line
     and modem not necessary!

Getting Online with a High Speed Modem by Dan Romanchik
     Some valuable tips for anyone moving up from 2400 bps or slower to
     a new high speed modem.

Children and Telecommunications by Phil Shapiro
     Children can learn a lot and gain new friends online. This article
     gives tips on getting children involved in telecommunications.


COLUMNS

Conn	ting with CompuServe
     Columnist Jim Ness gives us the "Grand Tour" of CompuServe, touching
     on everything from 9600 baud access to recent changes in the message
     base software.

Eye on America Online
     Columnist Julia Wilkinson gives an overview of America Online, one of
     the "newest" national online services with a slick graphical user
     interface.

GEnie's Treasures
     Veteran GEnie "treasure hunter" Jim Mallory is your guide to the
     many hidden (and not-so-hidden) treasures 	iting for you on GEnie.

Telecomputing the Delphi Way
     Columnist Dick Evans shows us what Delphi has to offer, including the
     recently added Internet FTP and Telnet capabilities.

The Internet Gateway
     What is the Internet and what does it have to offer? Columnist Miles
     Kehoe gives us an overview of Internet, along with a few e-mail tips.

Clear To Send (CTS)
     A review of COMMO, the popular multi-tasking terminal package from
     shareware programmer Fred Drucker. Columnist Victor Vo	man tells us
     why the software has created such a COMMOtion in the IBM telecom
     market.

Dial M for Macintosh
     Ross Scott Rubin, CONNECT's Macintosh columnist, takes a look at
     MacIntercomm, the new multi-tasking terminal package from Mercury
     Systems.

Staying Connected for about a Pound
     Palmtops can be an excellent way to stay connected when you're on the
     go. Columnist Marty Mankins shows you how to take advantage of this
     fast-growing market.


----------
For more info	ation about CONNECT, please contact Pegasus Press at 3487
Braeburn Circle, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 or phone (313) 973-8825 voice. Or
e-mail us at:
    CIS: 70007,4640
    GEnie: UNICORNPUB
    Delphi: UNICORNPUB
    Internet: pegasus@grex.ann-arbor.mi.us

Voyager Mindtools Inc. Announces Sale of Twin Cities 128 to Parsec Inc.
May 24, 1991

Voyager Mindtools Inc., a firm which specializes in the production and
distribution of microcomputer related information, particularly in the
Commodore computing world, announced today several significant changes to
the nature and scope of its business.  

First the company announced that during the next few weeks it would be
selling Twin Cities 128: The Commodore 128 Journal to Parsec Inc.  In
addition to taking over the publication of Twin Cities 128, as part of the
sale, Parsec will obtain the rights to the Twin Cities 128 Compendium Book
#1 and the right to produce future anthology collections of past issues of
Twin Cities 128.

Loren Lovhaug, the president of Voyager Mindtools Inc. and the founder of
Twin Cities 128 back in 1986 commented, "This is a hard thing for me to do. 
Over the years a lot of my heart and soul has found its way onto the pages
of Twin Cities 128.  But I know that the sale of TC128 is the best thing we
can do for both our company and for Twin Cities 128 readers.  We have had a
hard time producing issues in a timely fashio	 primarily because our
attention and resources have been diverted towards other activities crucial
to our company's continued success.  Therefore, when it came down to
actually selecting someone to carry on the tradition of TC128, I felt that
it was important to select a party who not only shares my interest and
dedication to the 128 user community, but also has the ability to do a
better job as far as fulfillment is concerned.   My goal was to find
someone who could recharge Twin Cities 128 with their en	gy and
enthusiasm.  I was fortunate to find these qualities in John Brown."

John Brown, the president of Parsec Inc., added, "It is my goal to bring
TC128 back the high level of service and quality readers enjoyed during the
128's heyday.  I will be seeking out the talented writers and authors in
the 128 community and compensating them for their efforts, in order to
deliver the kind of in depth information 128 owners crave."

Loren Lovhaug, also stated, "Our sale of TC128 does not signal our
abandonment 	 Commodore 8 bit users.  On the contrary, in fact, today we
are announcing three new products directed specifically at Commodore 64 and
128 owners.  These new products will join our already successful Commodore
eight bit product line which includes: IPaint, our spectacular breakthrough
high resolution graphics package for the Commodore 128 and our encyclopedic
500 C128 Questions: Answered.  Finally, Voyager Mindtools Inc. will
continue to manage Quantum Link's computing hardware areas (a part of
Qlink's C	modore Information Network) which includes areas devoted to both
the 64 and the 128.

Twin Cities 128: Six Issue Subscription (effective 06/01/91)
$20.00 US
$30.00 Canada
$40.00 Other

Twin Cities 128: Compendium Book #1: $16.95

For More Information Write:
Parsec, Inc., P.O.Box 111, Salem, MA 01970-0111
Voyager Mindtools Inc., P.O. Box 11578, Minneapolis MN 55411

"BROWSING THE WORLD WIDE WEB" FOR COMMODORE USERS:
Offered to an adoring and grateful public by Glenn P.

The following information is current as of Monday, July 3, 1995.

REQUIREMENTS: Access to Telnet, and access to a terminal program
capable of VT-100 emulation.

CAUTION: No information is available concerning access to the Web
in 40 columns. A screen width of at least 80 columns is recommended.

NOTE: This text assumes that you have an account on the CompuServe
Information Service, and that you use a Commodore-128 and thus have
no access to CompuServe's CIM program (or any other GUI-based
Internet access program). Nonetheless, the information furnished
below should be readily adaptable by the reader, even if these
assumptions are not wholly correct.

                    -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

PREFACE:

Commodore users are at a serious disadvantage when it comes to
browsing the World Wide Web -- we lack a graphical interface with
which to do our Browsing. And CompuServe itself is of no help, as it
does *not* support Commodore computers. What to do?

Well, fortunately, Commodore users *DO* have access to Telnet, which
is perfectly usable in ASCII interface. (Whether the services
accessed via Telnet allow simple ASCII translation is of course
another matter!) In my own case, I have found a Web Browser,
accessible via Telnet, which offers TEXT BASED Web Browsing, which
obviates the need for a graphical interface. The downside to this is
that it DOES require VT-100 terminal emulation; the better this is
implemented on your system, the better off you will be.


A LITTLE BACKGROUND:

To access a given location on the Web, you need to know its address,
or "URL". (I forget exactly what that stands for; I *think* it's
"Uniform Reference Link", but I won't swear to it.) URL's are those
those funny-looking Internet-style addresses you see floating about
the USENET Newsgroups with "http://" prefixes. The "http" stands for
HyperText Transfer Protocol, because what you actually access on the
Web is what is know as a "Hypertext Document". Most "http://"'s that
you find on USENET and such are called "Homepages", because each one
is a starting point for a given set of hypertext documents, set up
by a single company or individual.

Why "hyper"-text? Because you do more than just READ it. With a
graphic interface, you'll get pictures. (We won't, alas, since we'll
be using a text-only Browser, but bear with me.) More importantly,
however, the text you read will be sprinkled with what would at
first seem to be simple footnotes -- numbers enclosed within
brackets: [1], like that. In fact, they ARE footnotes -- in a way.
But THESE "footnotes" can turn out to be whole BOOKS! That's because
they are in fact pointers, or "links", to OTHER hypertext documents,
located elsewhere on the Web! When you enter the number of such a
Link, you interrupt your reading of the CURRENT document, and start
reading the new one; when you're finished with that, you can return
to the first document at the press of a single key -- or, if you
prefer, you can follow other links contained in the NEW document,
going even further afield! Thus you can follow a line or thread of
interest to wherever the Web will take you, as far as you please to
go, to get to your point of interest.

This "interlinking" is the precise reason why it's called a "Web"!

The interesting thing is that, apart from the FIRST document, you
need never know the address of any of the other, subsequent
documents at all -- that's all handled automatically by the Browser.
It's something like CompuServe's menus -- each choice you make
presents you with more choices! No WONDER the Web is so addicting!
And we Commodore users can access it!!!


ACCESSING THE WEB:

As discussed above, to get on the Web, you need to Telnet to a Web
Browser, and you'll need VT-100 terminal emulation. Start by
entering GO CIS:TELNET at the "!" prompt nearest you, to access the
CompuServe Telnet Menu.

But DON'T make any choices yet! We need to set up VT-100 emulation
*before* we enter a sitename.

That's because CompuServe communicates, invisibly and transparently,
with the remote host as your connection is established, and informs
the remote host of a few things about you -- such as the size of
your screen, and the type of terminal emulation you are using. I
didn't know this the first time I used Telnet to access the Browser;
I figured I could switch to VT-100 once I got there. In fact, unless
CompuServe thinks you're in VT-100 mode already, it'll tell the
remote host you're using something else -- whereupon the remote host
will "harrumph" and dump you ("Connection closed by foriegn host" --
don't you just love that one?) unceremoniously back to the Telnet
menu again!

So here's what to do: (1) Type SET TERM VT100 at the Telnet menu
prompt, but DON'T PRESS RETURN YET. (2) Set your terminal program to
VT-100 emulation. (3) NOW you can press RETURN. You'll get the
Telnet Menu again, but now you will be in VT-100 emulation mode.

We are now ready to enter a sitename.

Select item 8 (Access specific site) from the menu. Then, when
prompted for the site name, enter:

                         fatty.law.cornell.edu

This is the sitename of the Web Browser we'll be using.

Press your RETURN key after the sitename. Ignore the disclaimer and
other blather -- press RETURN again -- and the actual Telnet session
will begin.

After a few moments, you'll receive a connection message from the
computers at Cornell University, asking for a login. This screen
will be rather messy; don't worry about that, it'll come out right.
And don't dilly-dally here, either, because the Cornell computers
aren't the LEAST bit patient -- if you take more than a few seconds
to say something, you'll be very rudely dumped. Enter "www" in
lowercase at the Login: prompt (don't use the quotes!) and press
RETURN.

You'll get an introductory screen; press RETURN and your first
(default) hypertext document screen will be presented to you!

The important thing about this screen is NOT its contents (which are
of almost NO interest to us Commodore users) but its *layout*. But
before I discuss that, let us digress long enough to customize the
server itself. Press the "o" key (*DON'T* press RETURN).

Most of the screen should clear, leaving a menu-like list of system
variables and options to change. Here is where the nuances of VT-100
come into play: your cursor will appear to the right of the choice
you are changing, WITHOUT the whole screen being re-written -- the
remote program is using cursor controls! However, YOU select the
option itself by first letter.

First type "p" (for "Personal Mail Address") to enter your E-Mail
address. This will make it VERY easy to mail yourself some of the
documents you'll find on the Web. (More on this rather later on.)
Don't be alarmed if the address you type is mysteriously preceded
by a couple of strange letters or numbers -- these are VT-100 codes,
and do no harm. Just type the address.

Next type "k" ("Keypad") several times until "Links are numbered"
appears at the right side of the screen, and press RETURN to select
this. If you don't, all those "footnote-like" thingies I've been
discussing won't appear!

Lastly, type "c" to change the "Character Set". Press "C" several
times to cycle through the various options, until "7-bit
approximations" appears. This will help to keep the screenfuls of
text that you get nice and readable. Press RETURN to select this. We
are now ready to Browse the Web! Press "r" now to return to the
starting screen.

Take a moment now to notice the few "footnotes" (bracketed numbers)
on the screen. (The server was a trifle balky at this; they might
not be visible! Nonetheless, they are there. Try entering numbers.)

These, as previously discussed, are hypertext links, and lead to
other documents. Try typing one of these numbers in, and pressing
your RETURN key. You'll see the "---press spacebar to continue---"
at the bottom of the screen disappear and be replaced by "Read
link: #" (where # is the number you are in the process of typing
in). Change your mind? Delete the number you're typing and press
RETURN without ANY number being entered. "Aborted!", the server will
scream, and the "---press spacebar to continue---" will
reappear.

If you DO enter a number, you'll see some information "flash by" at
the bottom of the screen, the text on the screen will be "re-drawn",
and you'll be faced with a different document. This is the general
pattern. Press space to continue reading; type a "cursor-up" to go
back (the server is a bit flaky in this regard, however, you might
have to press cursor-up several times in quick succession before it
listens to you), and a cursor-left to return to the original main
screen. Of course, there may be other "links" (footnotes) in THIS
document that interest you -- type them in! You can always return to
the FIRST, main, screen, by typing "m" and answering "yes" to the
question.

For now, just move around a bit long enough to become comfortable
with this strange new method of navigation. When finished, return to
the main screen by typing "m" and "y"...

And you should now be staring at the starting screen again! As I
said before, the important thing about this screen is not so much
what it SAYS, as the way it's laid out, because a similar layout
will be presented throughout your session.

The top couple of lines are not clear on my screen, because my
implementation of VT-100 is imperfect. It's *supposed* to be in
reverse video, for example, but it isn't, at least not on my screen.
These lines are meant to display information about the current
hypertext document you are reading, including its link name (that
is, its "http://" address). Frankly, I'm not interested, since you
don't really NEED this information anyway.

The rest of the screen, down to about the last three or four lines,
is text. This might not be perfectly displayed, either, and might
have remnants of earlier screens visible on it. Again, if this is
the case, it is due to imperfections in your terminal program's
implementation of VT-100. Generally, however, it should be easily
readable.

The botom few lines are IMPORTANT. The topmost of these lines will
*usually* read "---press spacebar to continue---"; below this
will be a list of valid options. You'll notice that "O)ptions" is
one of them; we just used this a moment ago to tweak the server to
our needs. "H)elp" is available too, although it is rather confusing
and technical, and not particularly helpful. By far and away the
most *useful* option listed, however, is "G)o URL" Press "g"
(*don't* press RETURN). Immediately, the "press spacebar" prompt
will *vanish* and be replaced by a prompt asking you to supply the
"URL to open", with your cursor to the immediate right of this
prompt.

Of course you need a hyptertext address, don't you? Hmmm! Well, you
might try entering this (type carefully!):

                         http://www.msen.com/~brain/

(On a Commodore-128, the "~" character is created by typing a
shifted "^".) Now press RETURN.

The prompt vanishes and, in very quick succession, you'll see the
line replaced by other, single, lines explaining what's happening,
including a count of bytes the document contains and and how many
are actually being retrieved. Within a couple of moments, the screen
will be "re-drawn", and the document itself -- the "Homepage" of
someone called "Jim Brain" -- will appear... then the information
line will be replaced by that "---press spacebar to continue---"
prompt again!

You should have the basic idea by this time; you can proceed here
just as you did at the Main Screen, paging through the text with
your spacebar, and entering link numbers to "digress" to additional
information of interest to you. Remember that a cursor-left will
take you back to the previously read document, and that cursor-up
and cursor-down will allow you to move within the CURRENT document.
If your go back to re-read a "previous" document, a cursor-right
will move you back to the "next" one (!). Of course, the Commodore-
128 has those four cursor keys at the top of the keyboard, which
makes this very easy.

In all your explorations, just remember four things:
     1. You can't get lost! If you think you're lost, just press "m"
and answer "yes" to return to the original main screen, where you
can always start over.
     2. The "abort code" is Control-G. Why they chose this is a
matter of pure conjecture, but there it is. If you try to access a
link and the system seems to "freeze", it may be due to
unavailability of that link, or for some other reason, but you grow
impatient waiting you can always abort with Control-G.
     3. Don't forget the meter running in the background: this comes
out of your free Internet time, if you have any left, and if you
don't it is charged to you by the hour.
     4. Don't get TOO hung up with the meter -- have Fun!


RETREIVING A DOCUMENT FOR FUTURE REVIEW:

O.K., you've found this k00l document, full of things you always
wanted to know but were afraid to ask... but, uh, how do you save it
to disk?

Your first impulse will surely be to save it to your text buffer as
it is drawn on your screen. Do yourself a favor: DON'T. You're still
in VT-100 emulation, remember? VT-100 inserts all sorts of control
characters and strange codes, and doesn't use proper line lengths,
etc. In short, what you will get in your buffer will be a flat-out
MESS. Oh, the text will BE there, all right, and you CAN edit it
into shape if you're patient enough; it's just that very few people
have that much patience! What to do?

You have two options, and both involve the "p" (print) command
(listed at the bottom of the screen). If the document is *short*,
you CAN use the "save to buffer" method -- in combination with the
"p" command. To do this, type "p", and a print menu should appear.

Ignore option 1 (save to local file) because it apparently requires
an account with Cornell and isn't available via Telnet. We're
interested in options 2 and 3.

What you want is option 3. Type "3", and you'll be prompted to press
RETURN. NOW open your text buffer, and press RETURN. The text will
be sent to you continuously, with only minimal VT-100 translation,
(or if you're very lucky, with none at all).

But this is a little cumbersome for very sizable documents, and
that's where option 2 comes in. Type "p" and then "2", and you'll be
prompted for your E-Mail address -- which, if you've followed my
instructions, will appear automatically as the default! (You entered
this from the "Options" screen, remember?) Just press RETURN (or
enter your address first, if you didn't earlier), and the document
will be translated to simple ASCII and E-Mailed right to you! What
could be easier?


CONGRATULATIONS!

The first time I actually managed to access the Web, I spent FIVE
AND A HALF HOURS browsing it and never noticed the time. When I went
to bed, it was nine o'clock -- in the MORNING!!! (*Boy*, I'm glad
I'm on the Internet Club!) Of course, I can't be doing that ALL the
time, but isn't it good to know that one can do it at all???

I think you'll find the World Wide Web to be JUST as interesting as
I did. Congratulations on entering the Internet Bigtime -- and happy
browsing!!!

                    -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

SYSTEM INFORMATION: My system consists of a flat C-128, 1571, 1581,
Aprotek Minimodem C24 (2400 baud), and BobsTerm Pro.C128 terminal
program. The VT-100 emulation I use is *NOT* the standard VT-100
offered by BobsTerm, but a custom version contained in a macro
supplied by a user of one of the Commodore Forums on CompuServe. I'm
sorry I don't remember his name; if I did, I'd credit him.

                    -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

This text is Copyrighted (C) 1995 by Glenn P. No big deal about
that; feel free to copy and distribute this text -- but you DON'T
have my permission to SELL it, O.K.? Thanx!

Comments or questions regarding this textfile are welcome. Send your
queries or remarks to Glenn P.>INTERNET: 74127.01457@CompuServe.COM.

                                                       --Glenn P.

>>>>> End of Text <<<<<


; This program makes the Commodore 64 operate like a semi-
; intelligent 40 or 80 column ASCII terminal.  It supports input
; and display of all the ASCII characters, and beeps when the BEL
; character is received.  Beware that the 80 column display mode
; will probably require a monitor unless you are using a B/W
; TV set with outstanding sharpness and video bandwidth.
;
; The communication protocol is full duplex, 8 bits, no
; parity, 1 stop bit, 300 or 1200 baud, with XON/XOFF (DC1/
; DC3) host flow control protocol -- this should satisfy most
; host computers.  The display screen is 40 columns X 25 lines
; or 80 columns X 25 lines.
;
; Because of the unusual layout of the C64 keyboard, the
; desire to support all ASCII characters, and a personal
; need to find the ESC and BS keys in their usual positions,
; the following key substitutions apply (note- ^x is short-
; hand for CONTROL-x):
;
;       TO SEND         TYPE
;       -------         ----
;       BACKSLASH       BRITISH-POUND
;       ^BACKSLASH      ^BRITISH-POUND
;       ^UNDERLINE      ^=
;       CARET           UP-ARROW
;       ^CARET          ^UP-ARROW
;       ^[ (ESC)        ^[ or BACK-ARROW
;       UNDERLINE       F1
;       VERTICAL-BAR    F2
;       GRAVE-ACCENT    F3
;       TILDE           F4
;       LEFT-BRACE      F5
;       RIGHT-BRACE     F6
;       DEL (RUB)       F7
;       ^T              F8
;       ^H (BS)         DEL, ^H, or ^T
;       ^J (NL)         SHIFT/RETURN or ^J
;       ^S (DC3)        ^S or HOME
;       ^Q (DC1)        ^Q or CURSOR DOWN
;       ^I (TAB)        ^I (ie. No separate TAB key)
;
; The CONTROL-8 key is used to switch the program from 40 column
; to 80 column mode.  The CONTROL-4 key is used to switch the
; program back from 80 column to 40 column mode.  Depressing one
; of these keys when already in the corresponding mode will simply
; clear the screen (as it does when switching modes).
;
; Note that pressing the COMMODORE key will place the terminal
; program in a suspended display mode (ie. the cursor will freeze
; at its current position), and ^S will be sent to the host
; computer when the RS-232 input buffer fills up.  Similarly,
; pressing the COMMODORE key will remove the terminal from the
; suspended display mode and send a ^Q to the host computer only
; if a ^S had previously been sent and the buffer has become nearly
; empty.  This enables the COMMODORE key to be used like the SCROLL/
; NO-SCROLL key on DEC terminals.  Suspended display mode is
; indicated to the user by the cursor blinking much faster than
; normal, an indication that the COMMODORE key must be pressed to
; resume displaying the received text.  The program may also send
; ^S and ^Q to the host computer on it's own from time to time if
; it detects an impending RS-232 buffer overflow condition - this
; normally will only occur while printing a number of short or blank
; lines while scrolling the screen up (or down), since 4 to 15 char-
; acters are received into the RS-232 buffer during the time it
; takes to scroll the whole screen.  In any case, this automatic
; flow control is fully synchronized with the flow control
; necessitated by the use of the COMMODORE key to suspend and resume
; the display of received text.  Depressing the ^S and ^Q keys (or
; their substitutes indicated above) unconditionally sends those
; ASCII characters to the remote host computer without any local
; effect.
;
; This terminal program does *not* support flow control in the
; opposite direction - receiving ^S from the host computer will not
; lock the keyboard or have any other effect, nor will ^Q.
;
; Also note that pressing the RUN/STOP key with SHIFT depres-
; sed will cleanly terminate the terminal emulator program,
; and generate the BRK interrupt to send the C64 back
; to whoever is servicing those interrupts (BASIC,
; SUPERMON64,etc).
;
; All 94 printable ASCII characters and the space will
; be displayed on the screen as received over the RS-232
; channel.  Most of the remaining (control) characters are
; not displayed- however the following control characters
; and escape sequences have special effects:
;
;       CHARACTER       EFFECT
;       ---------       ------
;       ^G (BEL)        beeps the TV
;       ^H (BS)         cursor backspaces
;       ^I (TAB)        cursor moves right to next tab stop
;       ^J (NL)         cursor moves down one line with scrolling
;       ^M (CR)         cursor moves to start of line
;       ^[A             cursor moves up one line
;       ^[B             cursor moves down
;       ^[C             cursor moves right one char.
;       ^[D             cursor moves left one char.
;       ^[H             cursor homes
;       ^[I             cursor moves up one line with scrolling
;       ^[J             clears from cursor to end of screen
;       ^[K             clears from cursor to end of line
;       ^[Ylc           cursor moves to line l-$20, col c-$20
;       ^[Z             sends DEC VT-52 terminal id string
;       ^[n             turns off reverse video
;       ^[o             turns on reverse video
;       ^[^BACKSLASH    initiates downline load
;
; Tab stops are pre-defined and fixed at every 8 columns
; beginning with column 0 (ie. 0, 8, 16, 24, ...).
;
; The rest should all be pretty much self explanatory except
; for "downline load".  Once the ^[^BACKSLASH sequence has been re-
; ceived, the program expects lines to come in over the RS-
; 232 channel of the form:
;
;       ;llhhdddddddddd...
;
; where "llhh" is the address for the first byte of data
; on the line (in 6502 low/high format), and "dddddd.."
; are the data bytes themselves - note that the address
; must be 4 hexadecimal digits and each data byte must
; be 2 hexadecimal digits.  The load is terminated normally
; by reception of the control character ^CARET, or abnormally
; if the user hits a key on the C64 keyboard during the
; load.  In the 40 column mode, It is possible to load anywhere
; in the address ranges $0800 through $9FFF and $C000 through
; $CFFF since the terminal program itself hides under the BASIC
; ROM (from $A000 through $BFFF).  80 column mode should not
; be used to download into the address range $5C00 through
; $7FFF because that is where the high resolution video matrix
; and screen image reside in that mode.
;
; VAX UNIX users (Berkeley 4.1bsd) will find that the following
; "termcap" entries effectively describe this terminal program
; for use with the terminal dependent UNIX programs (eg. vi,
; emacs, more, rogue, etc.):
;
;  qcc64C64Commodore 64:co#40:li#25:\
;          :up=\EA:do=\EB:cl=\EH\EJ:am:bs:\
;          :bw:ho=\EH:nd=\EC:so=\Eo:\
;          :se=\En:cm=\EY%+ %+ :\
;          :ce=\EK:sr=\EI:pt:
;
;  qdc64wC64WCommodore 64 80 Col X 25 Lin:co#80:li#25:\
;          :up=\EA:do=\EB:cl=\EH\EJ:bs:\
;          :bw:ho=\EH:nd=\EC:so=\Eo:\
;          :se=\En:cm=\EY%+ %+ :\
;          :ce=\EK:sr=\EI:pt:
;                                      (note: \ is BACKSLASH)
;
; VAX VMS users can probably get away with the following (although
; some VMS programs [e.g. EDT] require an auxilliary keypad, and do
; not work especially well in 40 column mode):
;
;          set term /dev=vt52
;          set term /pag=25
;          set term /wid=80  [or 40, as the case may be]
;
; TOPS-20 users can run "emacs" and the like after the following:
;
;          term vt52
;          term length 25
;          term width 80  [or 40, as the case may be]
;          term pause com
;
; A low pitched beep (much lower than that generated by
; receipt of the BEL character) indicates an error on the
; RS-232 channel (a hit, lost data, etc).
;
; Of course, this program assumes you have been able
; to connect a modem (or null modem) to the C64 user
; port, which may or may not be trivial!
;
; To run the terminal program, just load it like any BASIC
; program and RUN it.  You will be prompted for the baud
; rate.  Enter either 3 or 300 for 300 baud, 12 or 1200
; for 1200 baud, or just a carriage return for the default
; (300 baud).  If you find communications shaky or impos-
; sible at 1200 baud, you may have to change the POKE in
; basic which POKEs 0 to poke 8 instead.  If this fails to
; help, try tuning the optional baud rate constants in 0A4F
; and 0A50 for your system clock as described in ref. guide
; page 350 (use POKE of 0 into 0A4D in this case).
;
; Once it has been run, the terminal program moves itself
; under the BASIC ROM and runs there (although the original
; copy remains where it was loaded and can be re-run as long
; as it remains intact).  The memory map at run time is:
;
;       $A080-$AFFF     The program area
;       $B000-$B1FF     Unused
;       $B200-$B2FF     RS-232 output buffer
;       $B300-$B3FF     RS-232 input buffer
;       $B400-$B7FF     Video matrix (the 40 column screen)
;       $B800-$BFFF     Character set for 40 column mode
;       $02A7-$02B6     Termination/Restart code
;
; In addition, the following memory areas are used only while the
; program is in the 80 column mode:
;
;       $5C00-$5FFF     Video matrix (the 80 column color memory)
;       $6000-$7FFF     Hires screen (the 80 column screen)
;
; Once the terminal program has been terminated (with SHIFT/
; RUN/STOP), it may be re-started by re-running the original
; BASIC program.  However, if the BASIC program area has been
; over-written during downloading, the terminal program can
; still be restarted (at the same baud rate as before) with
; the BASIC direct command "SYS(686)"; this command will
; restart the terminal program at any time, even after running
; other programs, unless some program is run which pokes
; into the areas shown in the first map above.
;
; One last warning: this program is not relocatable - do
; not change the *length* of the BASIC program or nothing
; will work!
;
; Good Luck and Enjoy....
;               Frank Prindle
     This ASCII text file contains
     100,000 characters.  Read it
     on-line to check the throughput
     of your computer and modem.

     Make note of the time that it
     takes you to read the entire
     file, and divide the number of
     seconds into 100,000 to get
     the throughput in characters
     per second.  For use with
     a C-64/128 or with a PC.             

************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************#: 26416 S17/Surfing the Net
    09-Dec-95  22:17:08
Sb: #The Wave info
Fm: Dale F. Mentzer 75344,1346
To: All

This message contains a thread of messages from the comp.sys.cbm newsgroup
concerning a WWW browser for the C128. There has been some discussion here
about this subject and I thought others might like to read these messages
that were recently uploaded to our local Commodore BBS by another C= user.

[Message 8 of 9 in thread 10 of 286] comp.sys.cbm

Re: Please Help: Desterm V3 Due Date?
    From: Donovan Dyer <novan@delphi.com>
    Date: Tue, 14 Nov 95 20:53:56 -0500    (Page 1 of 5)
    Responding to: Tomas Moberg <fr94tmg@ing.umu.se>

Check this out, from the Hosses mouth, so to speak ;-) 

30375 26-OCT 22:42
TElecommunications
     RE: WAVE (Re: Msg 30369)
     From: ARCA93
     To: NOVAN

Ok... The Wave - First the PDversion.  Yes, free. An ASCII terminal that
supports up to 28.8 baud modems. A SwiftLink cartridge is mandatory, and the
RS-232 interfaces that plug into the user port are not supported. This
program is in color and has a point and click interface complete with icons
and drop down menus. It has a 254 character chat mode using a single chat
line that scrolls horizontally. It has an 8K scroll back buffer and a virtual
buffer that is actually a geoWrite file. You load geoWrite directly from the
terminal and use it as your buffer editor. When you exit geoWrite, you are
returned to the terminal. You can cut and paste to the modem with text
scraps. This allows replies to messages to be held in text albums. Uploading
and downloading is not supported in the freebie version.

Now for The Wave, the commercial version... Includes all of the above, plus
uploading and downloading with all the usual popular protocols supported
including X, Y, and ZModem.  Automatic converting of GEOS files 'on the fly'
during the upload or download. This requires no input from the user, the
program automatically recognizes GEOS files and does the job. This feature
can also be turned off when you want to leave the GEOS files in a Commodore
format.

The Wave includes the above mentioned ASCII terminal that operates on a GEOS
graphic screen, plus an ANSI terminal that switches GEOS into an 80 column
text screen. You can toggle back and forth between the text screen and a
graphic screen to access the menus and icons. The ASCII terminal also
supports VT-100 commands. Within The Wave, each terminal has it's own name. 
The ASCII terminal is called "The Beachcomber". The ANSI terminal is known as
"The Sightseer". And there will also be a special terminal knowns as "The
Wild Surf". That one will be a Web Browser for cruisin down the beach. The PD
version is nearly finished. I have been using it now for a couple of weeks
and will upload it here when it is ready. No price or completion date has
been established for the commercial version yet. -Maurice

30386 28-OCT 08:51 TElecommunications
     RE: WAVE (Re: Msg 30383)
     From: NOVAN
     To: ARCA93 (NR)

Please excuse some more dumb questions, but; Will WAVE allow us to get into
Delphi if they go GUI only ? I thought that couldn't be done with a 128 ? But
I find you to do the imposible. And, the web browser module, will we see the
images that are on the web page, and be able to interact with the pages we
can only read now ? We were told, that wasn't within the bounds of the 128
either. Next, let us know what we will need to run it. I know geos 2.0,
Swiftlink, RL, and I think you said 64K video ? Thanks for the scoop, Don

30389 28-OCT 22:25
TElecommunications
     RE: WAVE (Re: Msg 30386)
     From: ARCA93
     To: NOVAN (NR)

Did you say that Web Browsing is not within the bounds of the 128? Heck, it's
within the bounds of the 64! I guess you can't send faxes with these machines
either, huh? If Delphi goes GUI only, then a Delphi module could be run from
The Wave. The Wave will have the ability to run special stuff like this, I am
planning it into the design. It only requires a little cooperation on the
powers that be. As for the machine (the 64 version will come later, so hold
your horses), the 128 will require 64K of video ram, a ram expansion device
which most serious GEOS users have anyway, a color monitor, a SwiftLink or
compatible device, a high-speed modem, and a large disk device such as a 1581
at a minimum. Preferably a hard drive with native partitions, a RamLink with
a large native partition, or an FD with native partitions will be
recommended. The Web Browser will display the graphic images within the
limitations or the 128's screen display. In other words, we will still see
the graphics but not in the same resolution or with as many colors.

Re: The Wave
    From: David Cummins <davcum@delphi.com>
    Date: Wed, 15 Nov 95 18:27:21 -0500    (Page 1 of 1)
    Responding to: <dutton@freenet.calgary.ab.ca>

<dutton@freenet.calgary.ab.ca> writes: >If there's a mailing list, please
put me on it!
 You might try getting in touch with:
                                    Click Here Software Co.
                                    P.O. Box 606
                                    Charlotte, MI 48813 At least that is the
return address on my GeoFax mailer. Maurice is EXTREMELY talented! So, if he
says he's gonna' do it, believe it. It's just a matter of when. Expect a
miracle. Dave

#: 26417 S17/Surfing the Net
    09-Dec-95  22:23:19
Sb: #26416-#The Wave info
Fm: Dale F. Mentzer 75344,1346
To: Dale F. Mentzer 75344,1346 (X)

Here are some more messages about The Wave WWW browser for the C128.


The Wave??????
    From: John Williams <theenforcer@delphi.com>
    Date: Thu, 7 DEC 95 23:37:35 -0500    (Page 1 of 2)
    Responding to: SCOTT HANAK <scott.hanak@wdn.com>

I can confirm that Maurice Randall is working on it, and he may be able to
release a public domain version before Christmas.  The PD version will be a
simple, monochrome ASCII term in 80 columns with no download protocols, but
it will have a buffer, and it will work with high-speed modems through a
SwiftLink.  He will release the commercial version later, which will be in
full color, will include a Web Browswer, and will probably have all the
popular download protocols, including ZModem and Kermit.  It will also
perform "on the fly" conversion of text files to GeoWrite format! And, yes,
it will be for the C128 only.

    From: Engineer Tim <tim@voyager.net> (Page 2 of 2)

Does that help answer your question? For all that don't know, Maurice does
run his own BBS.  The name of the BBS is "The Speed Zone".  Here is the
number if you are interested in signing up for a membership (No, he doesn't
charge) 1-517-322-2386 Make sure that your terminal program has Ansi, the
colors are terrific! Hope to see more on the "Speed Zone"!

Re: The Wave??????
    From: John LaDez <cruiser1466@delphi.com>
    Date: Fri, 8 DEC 95 22:51:06 -0500    (Page 1 of 1)
    Responding to: John Williams <theenforcer@delphi.com>

Potential users should also be aware that it will require 64K video ram
(standard in the 128D, but an upgrade for the "flat" 128).
*nb:"third.doc"
*lm5:rm75
*ft4:,- # -,
*cn1;------------------------------------*cn0
*cn1;THIRDTERM v1  (c) by Tom Hughes 1986*cn0
*cn1;------------------------------------*cn0

A Punter/XMODEM protocol terminal for the Commodore 64 and 128 computers.


This terminal program is based on Paul Higginbottom's TERM64, (c) 1983 by Commodore Business Machines.  Also, THIRDTERM uses the new data transfer protocol developed by Steve Punter and used in his TERM.C1.  My thanks to both of these programmers for allowing me to avoid "reinventing the wheel".

Portions of this manual are taken from Paul Higginbottom's TERM64 manual.

This manual was written with Commodore's EASY SCRIPT word processor.

* NOTE *  Please direct all comments, etc to me via either of the following two Punter BBS's in the Milwaukee area: GENERIC 1-414-282-4181 or COMM-LINK 1-414-784-2096.



*CN1;- LOADING & RUNNING THIRDTERM -*CN0

LOAD "THIRD.BOOT",8,8
This will load and run THIRDTERM.

               OR

LOAD "THIRDTERM",8 and then type RUN.



*cn1;- SPECIAL NOTES -*CN0

(1) To exit Terminal mode press the Commodore key (CMDR) and SHIFT.
(2) To return to the Main menu (except while in Terminal mode), press STOP.
(3) To reset THIRDTERM, press RUN/STOP and RESTORE or a reset switch if you have one.



How's it different from SECONDTERM?

-- THIRDTERM supports XMODEM transfers.

-- Features 1650 autodialing.

-- Multiple file transfers using the Punter protocol.

-- Continous buffer saves or a "virtual" buffering system.

-- Supports 300, 1200 & 2400 baud.
*fp0

*cn1;- THE MAIN MENU -*cn0

After loading and running THIRDTERM, the screen will go blank and then the following screen display:


    THIRDTERM v5  (C) Tom Hughes, 1986

  * Not for resale    Copying permitted *


   Terminal       (see page 3)
   Disk           (see page 5)
   Print          (see page 5)
   Protocols      (see page 6)
   Function keys  (see page 8)
   Upload         (see page 9)
   Download       (see page 9)
   Save buffer    (see page 10)
   Extract        (see page 10)
   Telephone      (see page 10)
   Quit



"Terminal" should be highlighted.  To select a menu item, use the CRSR up or down key to move the highlighted area over a menu item.  Then press RETURN to select that item.

* NOTE *  To exit "Terminal" mode, press CMDR + SHIFT.

  Following is an explanation of each menu item:
*fp0

*cn1;- TERMINAL MODE -*CN0

In this mode a "status line" will be displayed on the top of the screen:

:T:S:O:D:B:P-00:00:00a-29184:0:000:000
------------ --------- ----- - --- ---
     1           2       3   4  5   6

Key:

1 = Status indicators...
      "T" (timeout):  When you transmit characters to a remote computer, usually by typing, thr usual environment of communications is known as "full duplex" which means that the (larger) remote computer will send back each character you send to it. This indicator will "light up" (RVS on) if, when in full duplex, a character is NOT sent back by the remote computer within a short time.  Typically,  you'll get a "timeout" when typing in a secret password or code.

      "S" (all caps): When lit all letters from A-Z will be capitals.

      "O" (output supressed):  When lit up the users's output will NOT be displayed (either in half or full duplex).

      "W" (word wrap):  Since the C64 displays 40 characters per line instead of 80 or 132 as many commercial terminals, words may get "split" at the right side of your screen.  When this indicator is on, the program will ensure that no words are split at the end of a line.

      "D" (control char display):  This allows you to see the ASCII control characters (0-31 decimal).  These characters will appear as RVS on letters. Also, whenever the terminal receives an ASCII control G (bell), a tone will sound.

      "B" (capture buffer open/closed):  Any text which is displayed, including the characters you type, will be saved in memory when this letter is lit.

      "P" (pause): If a text file is being uploaded, the file transfer will be slowed down if this letter is highlighted.

2 = Clock...
     The "time of day" clock in hours, minutes, and seconds.  If the clock is operating properly, the colon ":" between the hours and minutes should blink.  An "a" or "p" respresents AM or PM.

3 = Free memory...
     Number of free bytes or space in the terminal's capture or memory buffer. THIRDTERM has a 28.5k buffer.

4 = Nulls...
     The number of "nulls" (ASCII 0) to be sent after each carriage return.

5 = ASCII character code sent by THIRDTERM.

6 = ASCII character code received by THIRDTERM.
*fp0

*cn1;- TERMINAL MODE SPECIAL KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS -*cn0

Action         Result  ("C=" is the Commodore key)
------         ------

C= "B" ....... Toggle capture buffer on or off.
C= "C" ....... When using a "Text" upload, this closes the disk file.
C= "D" ....... Enable/disable ASCII character code display.
C= "O" ....... Enable/disable the display of your typing.
C= "S" ....... Enable/disable the all capitals mode.
C= "P" ....... Used to slow down a text  upload.
C= "T" ....... Resets clock to 00:00:00a
C= "W" ....... Enable/disable "word wrap" function.
C= "X" ....... Swaps the current screen with a second stored screen.
C= "+" ....... Changes background color of the screen.
C= "-" ....... Changes text color.
C= "*" ....... Changes border color.
CTRL "L" ..... If received, acts as a "formfeed" and clears the screen.
CTRL ":" ..... Generates an "ESC" (ASCII 27) character.
CTRL "+" ..... Increases the number of nulls sent after a carriage return.
CTRL "-" ....... Decreases the numbers of nulls sent after a carriage return.
SHIFT "DEL" .... Generates an ASCII delete (decimal 127).
SHIFT "*" ...... Clears the capture buffer. CAREFUL!
SHIFT/RETURN ... Local Edit Mode (see below)
LEFT ARROW ..... is displayed as an "underscore".
UP ARROW ....... is displayed as an ASCII up arrow.



*cn1;- TERMINAL MODE "LOCAL EDIT" FEATURE -*CN0

THIRDTERM allows you to do full screen editing (as you do when correcting mistakes when entering a program) even when the computer you're communicating with doesn't suppport such a function.

While in terminal mode, if you press SHIFT/RETURN, the cursor will flash--instead of being solid, but any text you now type will NOT be transmitted to the remote computer.  However, incoming text will still be displayed on your screen.

When the cursor is flashing, you can use the cursor movement, delete, home, insert, and clear keys.

If you wish to send ONE LINE of text to the remote computer, simply position the cursor on the FIRST character you wish to send, and then enter another SHIFT/RETURN.  The terminal will then transmit all characters from that point on AND also send a RETURN.

This feature is useful in composing short messages or correcting typing mistakes.
*fp0

*cn1;- DISK -*cn0

     Displays the following menu:

    Directory
    Scratch
    Rename
    Format
    Initialize
    Validate
    Drive #:0
    Main Menu


The LAST disk error message will be displayed on the top line of the screen.



*cn1;- PRINT -*cn0

The terminal's capture buffer or a disk file may be either displayed on the screen or send to a printer.

* NOTE *  While printing, any key can be pressed to stop/start printing.  The STOP key aborts printing.
*fp0

*cn1;- PROTOCOLS -*CN0

     A sub-menu will appear:

      Load parameters
      Save parameters
      Set parameters


The parameters saved or loaded are all items in the "Set parameters" menu, all function key strings and the function key menu password, plus the current border/background and character colors.

      Set parameters menu: (defaults given):

   Modem:1650
   Baud:300
   Duplex:Full
   Stop bits:1
   Parity:None
   Word length:8
   Add LF:No
   Strip LF:No
   Punter block size:255
   Disk drive #:08
   Printer #:4
   Printer type:1525
   Alarm:No
   Time
   X-ON character:017
   X-OFF character:019
   Continuous buffer saves:No
   Main Menu


"Modem" - either 1650, Hayes, or Other. If you experience carrier detect problems, select Other.

"Baud" - allows 300, 1200 or 2400 baud rates.

"Duplex" - either Full or Half.

"Stop Bits" - either 1 or 2

"Parity" - None, Odd, Even or Space.

"Word length" - 7 or 8 bit

"Add LF" - if yes, then linefeeds are added after every carriage return sent in Terminal mode.

"Strip LF" - if yes, then ALL incoming linefeeds are deleted.  THIS ALSO APPLIES WHEN DOWNLOADING XMODEM FILES!

"Punter block size" - a number from 40-255.  If you experience many bad blocks during a file transfer, lower this number.

"Disk drive #" - the device # of your disk drive.  A number from 8 to 11.

"Printer #" - the device # of your printer.  A number from 4 to 7.

"Printer type" - either ASCII, CBM or 1525 types.

"Alarm" - if you select yes, then a prompt will appear asking you to set the time when the alarm will go off.  Tones will sound when the alarm goes off.

"Time" - allows you to set the clock in Terminal Mode.

"X-ON character" - a number from 0-255, but normally a control Q.  This is used in continuous buffer saves.  When THIRDTERM's capture buffer is filled during continuous buffer saves, an X-OFF character is sent to the BBS telling it to stop transmitting characters. After the capture buffer is saved, the X-ON character is sent to the BBS telling it to start sending characters again.

"X-OFF character" - a number from 0-255, normally a control S.  See above.


* NOTE * Punter BBS's do NOT have true X-ON/X-OFF characters.  A Punter BBS will continue printing the current line and then stop so some characters will be lost.  However, try 115 (an "s") for the X-OFF character and 99 (a "c") for the X-ON character.


"Continuous buffer saves" - normally off. If you select yes,  then you will be prompted for a filename and THIRDTERM  will open and then close this file.  From here on,  every time THIRDTERM capture buffer is filled, an X-OFF character will be sent, the buffer will be saved to the file you specified, and finally an X-ON character will be sent.


* NOTE * If continous buffer saves is ON and you have a partial buffer, this partial buffer may be saved to disk by going to the Main menu and selecting the Save Buffer mode. Then "append" the partial buffer to your disk file.
*fp0

*cn1;- FUNCTION KEYS -*CN0

     Before you can get to the function keys, you will be asked for a "Password". The default password is "64".  However, this can be changed by altering the "password" in the function key menu.

 f1 =
 f2 =
 f3 =
 f4 =
 f5 =
 f6 =       Text may be entered after
 f7 =
 f8 =       each of these function keys
CMDR f1 =
CMDR f3 =   Then in Terminal mode,
CMDR f5 =
CMDR f7 =   pressing one of these keys
CTRL f2 =
CTRL f4 =   will transmit the string.
CTRL f6 =
CTRL f8 =
password = 64
Main Menu

After entering the text for a key, you have the option of adding a carriage return to the end of the string, and the option of having the string displayed or "echoed" to the screen (useful for passwords).


* NOTE * The function keys can also be used to send Hayes modem commands, such as ATDT1234567.
*fp0

*cn1;- UPLOAD & DOWNLOAD -*CN0

     A sub-menu will appear:

     Punter
     Xmodem
     Text   (UPLOAD only)

"Text" allows you to send ANY disk file via the terminal.  However, I suggest that the file be an ASCII text or seq file.  Remember: a  C= "C" will abort this data transfer, and a C= "P" will slow it down.

"Punter" upload allows file transfers using the Punter C1 protocol.  However, MULTIFILE (sending a number of files at a time) are also allowed IF the receiving terminal is compatible with THIRDTERM.

"Xmodem" is another file transfer protocol.  This is the "checksum" type of XMODEM transfer.  If you're uploading, you may want to convert a SEQ file to ASCII or when downloading you may wish to convert a text file to CBM-type letters. Note: the .IMG header is automatically deleted on Compuserve Xmodem downloads. This is necessary to insure non-garbled program files.

Prompts will appear for all 3 of the transfer types.

* NOTE *  If all sorts of strange characters begin appearing on the top half of your screen during XMODEM or Punter transfers, don't panic.  This is normal. This terminal buffers data to the screen.



*cn1;- MULTIFILE TRANSFERS -*cn0

Works for Punter protocols only!

Up to 12 files may be selected at one time. Only PRG or SEQ files may be selected.

If you're DOWNLOADING, the filenames will be sent to you automatically.  So you may want to put a fresh disk in your drive to make sure you don't receive a "FILE EXISTS" error.


* NOTE * If you're using a dual-drive while downloading, you can send the files to either drive 0 or drive 1.  To select a drive, simply go to the Disk menu and set the Drive # BEFORE starting downloading.


* NOTE * As of May 1986, ONLY another THIRDTERM program will support the "Interlock" type of Multifile transfers.  "Interlock" refers to a unique method of encoding the filetype block of the new Punter protocol transfer that allows multiple file transfers.
*fp0

*cn1;- SAVE BUFFER -*CN0

     The contents of the terminal's capture buffer are can be saved to a disk file.

* NOTE *  Since a full capture buffer can hold plenty of information, you should check to see if your disk has enough room on it before saving the buffer.



*cn1;- EXTRACT -*CN0

This allows you to examine a "text" or seq disk file or the terminal's capture buffer and "extract" or save portions of it to your disk.

* NOTE *  This is a "one-pass" extract which means if you want to save several parts of a file, you'll have to make several separate extracts.



*cn1;- TELEPHONE -*CN0

* NOTE * Though this feature was designed for 1650 modems, it may be used with other "pulse" type modems, although you may have to select the "Hayes" parameter in the protocol menu.

     Up to 10 names and phone numbers can be "edited" or entered and any number of phone directories may be saved to or loaded from disk.
from:"REM" Vol.3  Issue 2     March 84
the newsletter of the
Commodore Users Group of Wichita Inc.
P.O. Box 593, Wichita, Ks. 67201-0593
VIC TIPS   
Submitted by Trevor B. Roydhouse,
NSW, Australia
   No doubt you have noticed that Commodore computers refuse to accept leading spaces when they are returned as part of a response to an INPUT statement.  A simple way to overcome this is to put SHIFTed spaces at the start (and end if required) because shifted spaces are stored as different characters from ordinary spaces and the computer accepts them as part of the string.
A more involved way around this is to print quotes at the beginning of the string that is to be the input.  The advantage of this is that commas, semi-colons, and colons separate statements as well.  Colons and commas are use to separate statements when multiple inputs are requested by the computer and when put as part of an input string or number the program continues but the message EXTRA IGNORED is displayed and the comma and everything after it is ignored.  Using the quotes to start your input string allows the entry of cursor controls, too, which might be handy fo	some applications.   
   HALF SCREEN REVERSAL for Vic
10 N=832
20 READ D: IF D=-1 THEN 90
30 POKE N,D:N=N+1:GOTO 20
40 DATA 162, 242, 189, 255, 29, 73
50 DATA 128, 157, 255, 29, 202, 208
60 DATA 245, 169, 6, 162, 242, 157
70 DATA 255, 149, 202, 208, 250, 86
80 DATA -1
90 PRINT "CLR" SPC(115) "PRESS A KEY"
100 GET A$: IF A$="" THEN 100
110 SYS 832: GOTO 90
Try changing the "6" in line 60 to "32"
------------
   HALF SCREEN SCROLL for Vic
10 N=832
20 READ D:IF D=-1 THEN 150
30 POKE N,D:N=N+1:GOTO 20
40 DATA	62, 241, 189, 255, 29, 157
50 DATA 0, 30, 202, 208, 247, 169, 6
60 DATA 162, 241, 157, 255, 149, 202
70 DATA 208, 250, 169, 32, 162, 0, 157
80 DATA 0, 30, 157, 22, 30, 157, 44
90 DATA 30, 157, 44, 30, 157, 66, 30
100 DATA 157, 88, 30, 157, 110, 30
110 DATA 157, 132, 30, 157, 154, 30
120 DATA 157, 176, 30, 157, 198, 30
130 DATA 157, 220, 30, 86
140 DATA -1
150 PRINT "<CLR>"SPC(115) "PRESS A KEY"
160 GET A$: IF A$="" THEN 160
70 SYS 832: GOTO 150
?*lm5:rm70
?*cn1;Term3101?*cn0


?*cn1;Pat Garrett?*cn0

?*cn1;Derived from Term80 by Frank Prindle?*cn0




Term3101 is ANSI Standard video display terminal simulator. The two best known terminals in this class are the IBM 3101 and the DEC VT100. Both of these terminals conform to the standard.

This program comunicates in full duplex, no parity. The program is written entirely in machine language but is loaded just like a basic program. When RUN is entered the program will prompt for the baud rate desired and then begin execution. Since the ANSI standard calls for an 80 column display the screen will immediately go into a high res 80 column mode. A monitor, to ensure legibility, is highly recommended. A control 4 will place the terminal in 40 column mode and control 8 will return to 80 column mode. Use the 40 column mode with care as many Host systems format only for 80 columns. The ANSI standard includes full cursor control and it is likely that data will be overlayed on the screen.

The following is a list of ANSI standard keys that were implimented in this program and the corresponding keystrokes.


?*lm20:rm60
Desired Key     	 Keystroke
===========        =========

escape             <-
clear              CLR
home               HOME
delete             DEL
cursor up,down     CRSR up,down
     left,right       left,right
EOL/EOF            F3
EOS                F5
tab                English pound
baskspace          F7


?*ma3
Special Keys

Keystroke          Output
=========          ======
INST               esc M (capital M)
F1                 esc a (PF1 on 3101)
F2                 esc b (PF2 on 3101)


?*ma3
NOT Implimented 	en received from Host

Tab set
Tab clear
Erase input (EAU)


?*lm5:rm70
Some Host systems require parity to be used. Term3101 has provided for no pairty 8 bit=0 and even parity. When loaded the program is set for no parity. To change the setting POKE 2659,1. POKE 2659,0 to return to no parity. You may want to save Term3101 after the poke if you usually communicate with a system that requires even parity.

I have tested the system with several mainframe systems, however if you find any errors please send m	a message. Comments are also welcome.

Patrick Garrett [75056,342]
This file was put together from two files that are in this DL and were 
written to assist those who had purchased a communications package, but 
later found out that it would not permit them to download any of the 
programs that they found here in the CBMCOM Forum. The best they can do 
is to capture text files to be read. The following programs will permit 
you to utilize your existing communications equipment, maybe modify your 
software if necessary, and download a better communications program then 
you now have. 

These programs are called "Bootstrap" programs because they provide you 
with the barest of necessities in terms of capabilities. In some cases 
you will have to manually dial the phone to make the connection to 
CompuServe and in all cases you will have to use pulse dial instead of 
touch tone. This isn't so bad as it only has to be done once.


=======================================================================

  Ya say you can't download because you only have a dumb terminal 
program. Ya say if you could download, that you would download a new 
terminal program that could download. (Catch 22!)

 Well! I tell ya what I'm gonna do... Step right up and copy down the
following SHORT program. Type it in and save it to disk.
 The program is a simple Bootstrap XMODEM Downloader, and if the wind 
is blowing right, will permit you to download from Compuserve's CBMCOM 
Forum, the full featured Xmodem terminal program > CBTERM/C64. 
Once you have CBTERM/C64, you can up or download anything to/from CIS 
and any Xmodem BBS systems.

 Step closer young man, and I'll tell you how it works.....

The program (which I will call BXD.BAS) is a short routine to only 
download a file in xmodem. It is used in conjunction with your present
terminal program. You use your present dumb terminal program to go on
line and connect with CIS. You then goto the CBMCOM Forum, (GO CBMCOM 
at the ! prompt) and go to the DL12 data library. There you find the
latest version of CBTERM/C64. You must get the .BIN version of CBTERM,
(not the .IMG version) You instruct CIS to Download the CBTERM program
using XMODEM protocol. CIS will respond that it is begining the download.
BXD will then do an XMODEM download of the file and write it to disk.
If all works well, in 15 mins. you should have a brand spanking new copy 
of CBTERM/C64 on your disk. (note: only run your dumb terminal program 
and BXD.BAS at 300 baud.) 

BXD.BAS does the following:
 When RUN, will handshake to CIS to start the transfer. A disk file is
opened and is called CBTERM into which the incomming data is written.
 BXD then waits to recieve data blocks of 132 bytes long. Each block has
a checksum that is matched and if found to be wrong, the block is rejected
and cis sends it again. (note: the first block is offen rejected on the
first try by BXD, but gets through the second time around.)
If the checksum is ok the block is written to the disk and the next
block is recived. This continues untill the end of data marker is
sent. BXD will say "DONE" and you should have a good copy of CBTERM/C64 
now on your disk. Reset your computer and load CBTERM and use that as 
your new SMART terminal program.

Trying to keep BXD brief, many shortcuts were taken. There is no time
out check or block number check as would be included in a full featured
XMODEM program. If you suffer from noisey phone lines, you may be in 
trouble trying to use BXD. BXD expects to recieve 132 bytes in a block, 
if for some reason, a bute is dropped, BXD will sit in its loop and hang.
Each byte that is recieve is marked by a "." displayed on the screen.
and when a full block is recieve this is stated also. If you see BXD 
stop for longer than 60 seconds without recieveing any more bytes then 
you could try this: Press <STOP> to break the program. The enter: GOTO 
50 This will reject the last block recieved and restart looking for the 
block. If you coninualy get CHECK SUM BAD errors, then log off and reload
your dumb terminal program and try the process again. Don't forget to 
Verify the disk you were using as the opened file will not be good.

Here is the code for BXD.BAS:

Enter it carefully, don't forget the ;'s and other easyly overlooked 
things. If all goes well, you will be able to download a very fine 
terminal program that you can then use to up and down load just about
anything else.

If you have any questions, pleas leave them in a message to SYSOP in 
CBMCOM. No EMAIL please.

 HAVE FUN !
BXD.BAS (C) 1985 by Chrisdos
.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
. Version 1.1 of BXD.BAS
. This includes a small terminal routine in the program itself, and
may work directly witout the need for an external terminal program.
. Fill in lines 40 - 90 with a routine to dial your modem, or manually
connect with your phone.


5 open5,2,0,chr$(6):dim i%(132)
10 printchr$(14)"[CLS][CRDN][CRDN][CRDN]  Bootstrap XMODEM Downloader  
   Ver 1.1"
20 print"  Written by Christopher Dunn
30 print"[CRDN][CRDN][CRDN] Use the <F1> key to start the Download"
100 print"[Terminal Mode]
110 get#5,a$:if st=8 goto170
120 a=asc(a$+chr$(0))and127
130 if a=8 then a=157:goto160
140 if a>=65 and a<=90 then a=a+32:goto160
150 if a>=97 and a<=122 then a=a-32
160 print chr$(a);
170 get a$:if a$="" goto110
180 a=asc(a$+chr$(0)):if a=20 then a=8:goto220
190 if a=133 goto 1000:rem do xmodem
200 if a>=193 and a<=218 then a=a-128:goto220
210 if a>=65 and a<=90 then a=a+32
220 print#5,chr$(a);
230 goto 110
1000 rem xmodem download
1010 ack$=chr$(6):nak$=chr$(21):eot$=chr$(4):b=1
1020 print"[CLR] Xmodem Downloader.
1030 print"Enter file name for your disk:";:f$="":input f$:if f$="" 
     goto 100
1040 print"Working! Please standby"
1050 open8,8,8,f$+",p,w"
1060 forx=1to25:get#5,n$:next:q=0:print#5,nak$;
1070 get#5,c$:if st=8 goto 1170
1080 q=q+1:i%(q)=asc(c$+chr$(0)):print".";
1090 if q=1 and c$=eot$ then close8:print"DONE!":print#5,ack$:goto100
1100 z=0:if q<132 goto1070
1110 print:print"Checking Block"
1120 ck%=0:forx=1to131:ck%=(ck%+i%(x))and255:next
1130 if ck%<>i%(132) then print"Bad Checksum!":goto1060
1140 forx=4to131:print#8,chr$(i%(x));:next:get#5,n$
1150 print"Block "b" OK.":b=b+1:print#5,ack$;:q=0
1160 goto1070
1170 rem check for time out
1180 z=z+1:if z<500 goto 1070
1190 print"Block time out! Retrying....":z=0:goto1060

A note on this program for first time users. When you are negotiating 
through CIS to get to the Data Library where the terminal programs reside 
you might find that as more information is received it will turn to 
garbage on your screen. DO NOT DISPAIR! This seems to be normal due to 
the nature of the program. Remember, it is REALLY basic in nature. Watch 
for the information to stop being printed on your screen and enter your 
information. After you hit the <CR> the screen information return to 
normal, until several lines have been received, then its back to garbage. 

           THIS DOES NOT AFFECT THE X-MODEM TRANSFER !!
           ONLY THE TEXT INFORMATION BEING RECEIVED
           PRIOR TO YOU HITTING THE NEXT CARRIAGE RETURN


=============================================================================


This ends the section on general bootstrapping. The following portion is 
specific to the Commodore 1660 Modem 300. The program is a little shorter 
as it utilizes the existing modem program "Autodial Victerm" that came 
with your modem. 

This file is for each of you who bought a Commodore 1660 modem (also known
as the MODEM/300) with the intention of downloading programs from 
Compuserve. Included with that modem is a nice terminal program called 
Higgyterm. When I first got my modem, I sat down and tried to download some 
programs. What I didn't know is that that version of Higgyterm (there are 
others) is not capable of downloading.

Fortunately, thanks to CHRISDOS, the head honcho of the CB Special Interest
Group, it is possible for you to use a simple BASIC program to download
"CBTERM", a first class full featured terminal program with downloading
capabilities.

Now to drop the other shoe.  Because the 1660 modem operates differently
from most modems, the program outlined in BXD.TXT won't work for you as
written.  This file will tell you how to modify AUTODIAL VICTERM (a 
program on the disk included with the 1660) to download "CBTERM", by 
adding a modified version of BXD.BAS to it.

Be sure you also get CBT551.DOC and CBT552.DOC, the instructions for using
CBTERM.  You can do this with Higgyterm by opening the buffer, (R)eading 
the file into it, and then saving the file to disk.  Don't try to get 
both files in the buffer at the same time.  This documentation printed 
out at 17 pages for me, and CBTERM has so many features that you will 
need these files to take advantage of it. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Note: also read the file CBTERM.TIP for additional information
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

While I'm at it, I'll give you some information that it took me a while to
figure out when I first got on COMPUSERVE. The files you will be
looking at will usually be followed by a period and a three letter code.  
The most common are .BIN, .IMG, .TXT, and .DOC.

.BIN and IMG. files are programs, and require an XMODEM or other terminal
program to download.  They are slightly different, but if you use CBTERM 
you don't have to worry about that.

.TXT and .DOC files are TEXT and DOCUMENT files.  These are simply files
of written information, and the easiest way to get them is to open your 
buffer and (R)ead them at the prompt.

You'll find that files often come in pairs, with PRGRM.DOC being the
instructions for using PRGRM.BIN or PRGRM.IMG

But now back to the subject at hand.

In order to download CBTERM, first LOAD VICTERM AUTODIAL from disk, but 
don't RUN it.  Enter the following lines (and you, too will be a 
programmer):


1190 OH=56577:HI=32:LO=255-32
2000 REM 1660 BOOTSTRAP DOWNLOADER 
2010 PRINT"BOOTSTRAP XMODEM DOWNLOADER"
2011 PRINT"(C) 1985 BY CHRISDOS"
2020 DIM I%(132)
2030 ACK$=CHR$(6):NAK$=CHR$(21):EOT$=CHR$(4)
2040 OPEN8,8,8,"CBTERM,W,P"
2050 FORX=1TO25:GET#5,A$:NEXTX:PRINT#5,NAK$;
2060 GOSUB2100
2070 IFCK%<>I%(132)THENPRINT"CHECK SUM BAD":GOTO2050
2080 FORX=4TO131:PRINT#8,CHR$(I%(X));:NEXTX:GET#5,A$
2090 B=B+1:PRINT"BLOCK OK":PRINT#5,ACK$;:GOTO2060
2100 N=FRE(0):FORX=1TO132
2110 IFPEEK(667)=PEEK(668)GOTO2110
2120 GET#5,A$:I%(X)=ASC(A$+CHR$(0)):PRINT".";
2130 IFX=1ANDA$=EOT$THENCLOSE8:PRINT"DONE":PRINT#5,ACK$:STOP
2140 NEXTX:PRINT"HAVE BLOCK "B
2150 CK%=0:FORX=1TO131
2160 CK%=(CK%+I%(X))AND255:NEXTX:RETURN
 
 
Check your work carefully, and SAVE this to disk with the name MUTTERM. 
Actually you can call it anything you want, but MUTTERM describes this
mongrelized program nicely.  If you decide to run the program to test it,
it will create a program title called "CBTERM" on your disk.  Don't be
fooled.  There is no program there. It's just a title.  Make sure you
scratch this program title before you actually try to download the CBTERM
program (or the download won't work).

When the magic moment comes to get CBTERM, LOAD and RUN "MUTTERM".  Put a
disk in your drive that does not have "CBTERM" listed in its directory, and
has at least 49 blocks free.  Follow the instructions in the 1660 User's
Manual for VICTERM READ to get onto COMPUSERVE.  Having done that, follow
the menu prompts to CBMCOM and then to Data Library 12 (DL12 - CBTERM &
RELATED). Maneuver to CBT45.BIN and tell COMPUSERVE you want to DOWnload 
that program.  At the following prompt, choose the XMODEM protocol.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Note: The latest version of CBTerm is CBT66.bin
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

You will next see the following prompt:

Starting XMODEM download.
Enter a carriage return when transfer
is complete.

When you see this, hit RUN/STOP (unshifted!).  Then enter GOTO 2000 and
hit RETURN.  This will begin a conversation between your computer and
COMPUSERVE's that will result in "CBTERM" being SAVEd directly on your
disk.  You should immediately see a series of dots appearing across your
screen, indicating that data is being transferred.  If you don't see 
anything for a minute, enter GOTO 2050 <RETURN>.  Wait a minute and then 
repeat this cycle a few times in hopes that you get some results.  If you 
don't, well, bad luck.  You don't have the terminal program but you are 
no worse off than you were before.

If things are going OK you will get progress reports from your computer as
the download continues.  About every 20-30 seconds you should see "HAVE
BLOCK" followed by the number of blocks of information that your computer 
has received.  The screen will then display either "BLOCK OK" OR "CHECK 
SUM BAD", depending on whether the block was accurately received.  If it 
was not recieved properly, the computer will try to get that block again.
  Again, if the program seems to stop running for one minute, hit RUN/STOP
and enter GOTO 2050 to try to get things going again. 


The whole process of downloading CBTERM involves transferring 95 blocks of
information and will take 15 to 20 minutes if you have no problems.  If
the download is succesful, the following prompt will appear:

DONE.
BREAK IN 2130

Enter GOTO 200 to resume using AUTODIAL VICTERM and then enter the <RETURN>
that COMPUSERVE asked you for at the beginning of the download.  You can
then continue your visit to CBIG and COMPUSERVE, or you can log off and
begin taking advantage of your new terminal program.

Just in case you are like me, and you can't wait to try out a new program,
here are some things you should know about CBTERM and the 1660.  Load the
program with LOAD "CBTERM",8, and then RUN it.  When the prompt "BAUD" 
comes up, enter 3 (for 300).  When the first screen comes up, hit the 
COMMODORE key and the 5 key at the same time.  This will set you up for 
Negative Dialing. Next, hit the COMMODORE key and H (for help) at the same
time to see a list of most of the commands to CBTERM.  If you are 
adventurous, you will then have enough information to use CBTERM to get 
back online and grab some other programs.  If you are less impetuous, 
check out the documentation files first.

Just some further information.  After using CBTERM for a while, I downloaded
some other terminal programs from the CBM programming SIG.  Some of them may
be excellent for other applications, but I haven't found any program that is
better suited to working with COMPUSERVE than CBTERM, and you can get
it here for free, courtesy of CHRISDOS. 

BXD.BAS is (c) Chris Dunn, AKA CHRISDOS, and is quoted here by
permission.


             Geoff Sjostrom
               72207,2026
 The program TX2BAS.SEQ is a BASIC       program which will convert a 
SEQuential text LISTing into a RUNnable BASIC program in memory, ready for 
you to SAVE it.  It will work with      either Tape or Disk SEQ files, and
erases itself after it has finished the conversion if you ask it to.

     WARNING:
        This will ONLY work on files    which are written correctly.  This
means that you MUST have your Compuserve options set so that you receive 
in BOTH UPPER and lower cases.  This can be done at page CIS 6.  If you do
find a file which is in UPPER case only, then there is a program in this
database called filcon.img, use it to make  the conversion of your file into lower
case mode before attempting  to RUN     TX2BAS.SEQ.

     Before running this on your        equipment, please note two special
lines of coding prefaced with REM's,    lines 63104 and 63105.  63104 is the
line to use for TAPE files and 63105    is the line for DISK users. Delete the
REM at the beginning of the line which  applies to your equipment, and you will
have the correct BASIC program!

     The only other error you may run   into with this program is when you 
run across program lines which are more than 80 characters.  This is rare
since most people who upload are aware  of this kind of limitation and try to
keep away from the problem.  If it      happens, it will most likely CRASH
the program, but will NOT damage        anything, you'll just not be able to
use that line as it stands.  But you can recover from it.  Use the cursor 
keys and go up and change several of    the BASIC commands into their proper
 abbreviations, press RETURN, and then  type in:  GOTO63099.  It should work
fine!

     Here is another hint for using this program:
      You can use it to add the ability to MERGE program lines into a program
already in memory, without losing those lines already there.  As you know,
when you LOAD a new program, it kills
the previous program.  This can be a    real headache when you have 3 or 4
favorite subroutines which you have to  type in all the time!  Here is how to
use it:
    1. create a tape/disk of                   SEQuentialized  program lines
       of your favorite subroutines            like this:
         A. LOAD in the program with the            subroutine
         B. identify the lines you want             to be able to transport in
            a MERGE.
         C. In the DIRECT mode type in-
             OPEN8,8,8,"0:filename,S,W"
             CMD8:LISTxx-xxx
            and then press RETURN.
            For a tape, use:
            OPEN1,1,1,"filename"                    CMD1:LISTxx-xxx
        D. As soon as the cursor appears           back on the screen you MUST
           type
    PRINT#1,CHR$(177):CLOSE1-for tape
    PRINT#8:CLOSE8 for disk
         E. That's all there is to it!

===============================
But if you are using a tape file, it    MUST be closed with that CHR$(177).
You have to write your own end of file  marker for a cassette read.  For some
unknown reason, the 64 can't fine the   end of a SEQ file on the tape.  As
long as you make your own, you'll be just fine.

     2. Now, to use a MERGE, LOAD in the        TX2BAS.SEQ
     3. Start programming
     4. To MERGE:   type in  RUN60000,          or whatever line number you use
        for it.
     5. Give it the name of the file you        want MERGED.
     6. Stand back and wait while it            does all the work for you!
     7. When it has finished, DO NOT            erase the TX2BAS.SEQ!  Leave
        it in until you know you are            finished with it.
     8. Then merrily start programming          away!
     9. BEWARE:  This technique works on        line numbers just like you had 
        entered them from the keyboard,         so all the rules about
          REPLACING lines with a new            one must be watched.  You'll
find that the easiest way is just to    avoid duplicate line numbers within all
of your MERGE files.  I use a unique    series of line numbers on all of my
favorite subroutines.  Then there NEVER any problem with it!

I am sure you will enjoy this time-
saving technique.
           Happy Downloading
                 and
            Happy Merging!!
                                                         deb!

 
                 Txt2Bas- C64/Vic Text To Basic File Converter



     
          Txt2Bas converts Basic programs stored in a listable format on
     BBS systems to their true Basic tokenized form. This version was based
     on an earlier version by Joel Rubin.
     
          There are faster versions of Text To Basic (/Sequential to Basic)
     converters available. The main advantage of this program is that it is
     fairly short to type in when the comment statements are left out.
     
          Using a Text to basic converter you can often read Basic programs
     written by other computer systems, and saved in a sequential form, and
     convert them to true Basic on your computer, even though your computer
     uses different tokens other than the computer the program was
     originally written on. You can also convert programs that could be
     read into your capture buffer, even though you don't have downloading
     capabilities.
          How does a Basic program get saved in a sequential form? Simply
     by listing it to the Disk Drive instead of the printer. (Note that
     Txt2Bas may convert such programs properly, although Syntax errors
     show up at the end of the program. That is because listing a program
     to the disk usually adds an extra marker and a 'Ready' statement.
          Here is a simple method to list a Basic Program on the Disk:
          Open 1,8,1,"filename,S,W"
          Cmd 1:List
          Close 1
     
          You can edit out the added carriage returns and 'Ready' statement
     in a word processor like Easy Script. (It would have to go through
     another conversion to be edited in Speedscript)

































                 Txt2Bas- C64/Vic Text To Basic File Converter



     
          Txt2Bas works with the C64 and the Vic-20 with either a disk
     drive or tape drive. When run the program you want converted should be
     on the disk/tape in the drive. Before running the program Poke 186,1
     if you are using tape.
          The file to be converted should be stored in a sequential form.
     Txt2Bas will ask for the filename. Input it. The program will then
     prompt " Any Upper Characters (Y/N): ?". Respond yes if the file
     appears in Upper case mode when you are in Upper/Lower case mode. Most
     PETSCII programs- includeing Hex2Bin- will appear in Lower case mode-
     for these you should respond N. Note that Hex2Bin has upper case
     characters in quotes that you do not want converted to lower case
     form.
          Txt2Bas converts the file to Basic form on a line by line basis
     using the input buffer. When it is finished it erases itself. If you
     have just typed in the program form you shouldn't test it on a
     sequential version of itself, unless you have already saved the
     program form- it will erase itself, just as it does for any other
     program.
          Txt2Bas erases itself by changeing the top of Basic pointer in
     line 63886. You cannot convert utility programs using line numbers in
     the range 63700 up, unless you renumber Txt2Bas, and remove the pokes
     in line 63886.
          When Txt2Bas finishes the converted program will be listable in
     memory, and can then be saved as a normal Tokenized Basic program.
     
          Txt2Bas.Seq is the listable version of this program. Txt2Bas.Bin
     is the true Basic form.
          Hex2Bin.Seq (Hex2Bin.Bin) is a Basic program that will be useful
     to those of you who cannot download programs in Compuserve, but have a
     capture buffer. It lets you read the programs into your capture buffer
     in a Hexadecimal form (:180000...), and converts them back to their
     true form. You can use Hex2Bin to get a copy of CBTerm/4.5 or
     CBTerm/4.9- a terminal program with true Xmodem capabilities. Version
     4.9 also allows users to Upload & Download even over DataPac.
     
                    Tony Romer
                                                                           
                                TXTRDR.IMG
                                ----------
                   A New Text File Reader for the C-128


      This is the documentation for TXTRDR.IMG, a text file loading
    and display program for the 128.  This program is the direct
    descendant of LDTXT.IMG for the 64 (found in DL4 on CBMCOM) and
    operates on the same principle.

      Text files are loaded from disk into a large RAM buffer
    (approximately 63K) and are displayed or printed from there.  The
    fact that the files are loaded has several advantages: the drive
    doesn't have to run the whole time you're reading a file on
    screen, and you can view a file as many times as you like without
    having to load it more than once.



                                 FEATURES
                                 --------

    * The program runs in FAST mode (80 columns only).

    * Files up to 249 disk blocks can be loaded.

    * The directory can be viewed from within the program.

    * Files can be output to the screen or a printer.

    * Your printer's special features can be set up (margins,
    skip-over-perf, etc).  The default setup is for a Gemini 10x with
    Tymac's "The Connection" interface.

    * Files of either SEQ or PRG type can be loaded.

    * File conversion fron SEQ to PRG.

    * An assembly language routine handles the screen and printer
    output (for improved speed).



                                 OPERATION
                                 ---------

      Simply load and run TXTRDR.IMG from disk.

      To view the disk directory, answer 'y' to the prompt.  If you
    change disks, just answer "y" to the "View Directory" or "View
    Directory Again" prompts to see the new directory.

      When the program asks you to enter the name of the file,
    remember to add the file type as well (name,s or name,p).  Either
    file type can be loaded, but MUST contain only text.  SEQuential
    files are loaded by a short ML routine.  I suggest that you save
    your text files as type PRG.  This speeds loading considerably (it
    allows use of the "burst" protocol).  If you do this, be sure to
    put something in the file name to indicate it is a text file.
    After you load and view a SEQ file, the program will ask whether
    you want it saved in PRG format.

      The file will be loaded, and will be output to the screen or a
    printer.  The screen display will pause each 23 lines.  When you
    finish reading it, press the space bar and the screen will scroll
    to the next page, leaving the last line on the previous page
    visible.  The printer output will scroll 54 lines, then wait for
    you to press the space bar.  At the end of any page, you can
    terminate the output by pressing the "+" key.



                     TECHNICAL TIPS and MODIFICATIONS
                     --------------------------------

      The majority of this program is in BASIC and can be easily
    modified.  There are two ML routines, one to load SEQ files (at
    $1300), and one to handle screen and printer output (at $0b00).
    The programs all reside entirely in bank 15 (RAM bank 0), while
    BASIC variables and the text buffer are in RAM Bank 1.

      The printer setup section can be easily modified, it's in lines
    3000 and up in the BASIC portion.  REM's indicate each of the
    functions.  To change the printer's secondary address (default =
    7), change the value poked to $0b27 (line 50 in the BASIC program.

      This program is original.  Please make and distribute all the
    copies you want, but don't sell it.  Please let me know any
    comments, complaints, suggestions, etc., by Easyplex.

                         Alan Murphy [75236,1433]
                              August 30, 1986

Courtesy of  Friends & Lovers BBS
------------------------------------
SW BELL ISSUES ULTIMATIM!
------------------------------------

 
                                      Southwestern Bell Telephone
                                         1616 Guadalupe, Room 600
                                              Austin, Texas 78701
                                             Phone (512) 870-5713
 
L. Kirk Kridner
Attorney
                                                November 16, 1989
 

 
Mr. Reginald A. Hirsch
Lipstet, Singer & Hirsch
Two Post Oak Central
1980 Post Oak Blvd, Suit 1780
Houston, Texas 77056
 
VIA EXPRESS MAIL
 
Re:  Docket 8387:  Petition of R. A. Hirsch Against  Southwestern
                   Bell   Company;  Pending  before  the   Public
                   Utility Commission of Texas
 
Dear Mr. Hirsch:
 
     Pursuant  to our recent telephone conversation, this  is  to
provide  you  with  information  regarding  Southwestern   Bell's
Interim  Bulletin Board System (BBS) policy for you to convey  to
the  membership  of  your BBS operators association.   It  is  my
understanding  that  this organization will vote  on  whether  to
proceed  with  the  above referenced complaint.  It  is  also  my
understanding  that  the  outstanding issues are  how  the  terms
"gain"  and  "receive"  in  Southwestern  Bell's  definition   of
business are interpreted.
 
     For purposes of Southwestern Bell's interim definition,  the
term  "gain" means any monetary or cash exchange.  This  includes
any  transaction where the BBS operator receives cash,  or  money
from   checks,   credit  cards,  drafts   or   other   negotiable
instruments.  It does not include trading, barter, non-negotiable
items, software, paper, baskets of fruit, etc.
 
      My  client is firm on the inclusion of the  term  "receive"
within   the   definition.   There  are   too   many   charitable
organizations currently at business rates to now allow a  special
group  to  be  receiving "donations" and  be  peremitted  to  pay
residential  rates.   It would also be a violation  of  the  non-
discrimination requirements of the Public Utility Regulatory  Act
(PURA) to give BBS operators a preference in this regard.
 
     As we discussed, in the event that you elect to proceed with
your complaint, then it is probable that my client will urge that
the  Commission accept its original position.   Specifically,  if
the  Commission  is  to consider  an  appropriate  definition  of
business, then Southwestern Bell may seek to have the  Commission
declare that the use of a telephone line to provide any goods  or
services will require a business rate regardless of whether there
is  any exchange of consideration.  This could result in all  BBS
operators being required to pay business rates.  Further, in  the
event  that  the  Commission  does not  allow  such  a  position,
Southwestern  Bell  could still file a tariff change at  a  later
date seeking to redefine residence/business services.
 
     Finally, as to alternative rates to which BBS operators  may
be  able  to  subscribe, I would suggest  that  you  advise  your
membership   to  inquire  of  their  Southwestern  Bell   service
representative of the alternative rates which are available.  The
service  representatives are familiar with the  measured  service
alternatives and can advise the BBS operators of those rates  and
their requirements.
 
                                             Very truly yours,
 
                                                Kirk Kridner


 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Addendum by Kevin McAleavey, Friends & lovers BBS, NYSSOA 010502:
 
     On November 11, 1989, Members of COSUARD voted against the
proposed settlement offer, remanding the matter for a final
decision by the Texas PUC. It is expected that the Texas PUC will
hear the final arguments in mid-February. Reginald Hirsch has
explained that the settlement offer made no distinction between
those BBS's which "accepted donations" and regular free BBS's run
by hobbyists without any charge, and that the proposed settlement
offer made no differentiations in its "one line" rule. It is
interesting to note that the above letter was written 5 days AFTER
the vote. The public outcry must have SW Bell frightened indeed.
 
     In addition, a new force has entered the fray, none other than
A.R.R.L (The American Radio Relay League which represents Amateur
radio operators) after SW Bell announced that the same rates would
now also apply to Amateur radio operators in Texas who operated
"auto-patches" which would allow "ham" radio operators to access
the telephone network from mobile radio transceivers (a custom in
regular useage since the 1950's).
 
     Reggie intends to fight SW Bell to the end, and now with the
additional support which A.R.R.L. and its membership is bringing to
bear on the matter bodes well for the eventual outcome, since
Amateur radio operators comprise the backbone of Texas' Emergency
Preparedness system, and access to the phone network in an
emergency situation is of great concern to all people of the State
of Texas.
 
     The above letter should remind all modemers that a boycott of
such services as U.S. VideoTel and other co-opted "Gateway
Services" is in great order. I also recommend boycott of New York
Telephone's "Infolook Gateway Services" in order to demonstrate to
the Bell Operating Companies that we modemers take such threats
very seriously, and that such attitudes are "bad for business."
 
     A nationwide boycott of "Gateway services" with an explanation
from us to our respective telephone service providers would
encourage OUR phone companies to bring pressure to bear on SW Bell
and would likely resolve this issue far more quickly than waiting
for the matter to be decided by the Texas PUC for all of us. As we
have often reminded everyone, what happens in one State becomes a
precedent for similar actions in all other States, and the "baby
bells" are waiting with baited breath for this one to go THEIR way.
 
     We will continue to follow this story here as always, and will
keep you informed of any developments in this, and any other issues
which threaten the "quiet enjoyment" of modeming.
 
                                         Kevin J McAleavey, Sysop
                                         Friends & lovers BBS
                                         NYSSOA Member #010502
                                         3/12/24 8N1 7PM - 9AM EST
                                         (518) 767-3316
                                         [New accepted 7-10 PM EST]
 

                                    USET.128
                        UTILITY FOR THE COMMODORE C-128



        IT IS AMAZING WHAT SOME PEOPLE WILL DO WHEN THEY ARE  BORED.   SOME
    DRINK THEMSELVES INTO OBLIVION, OTHERS  SHOOT  UP  WITH  DRUGS.   STILL
    OTHERS RACE HIGHWAY PATROL TROOPERS UP AND DOWN I-4.  MY  THING  IS  TO
    MAKE SIMPLE PROGRAMS FOR MY COMPUTER.
        USET.128 CAME ABOUT AS THE  RESULT  OF  THE  REMOTE  SYSOP  OF  THE
    SMOKEHOUSE BBS REQUESTING A CONVERSION UTILITY AND ONE TO CUT DOWN  THE
    SIZE OF BIG SEQUENTIAL FILES.  WELL, MY TRUSTY  UTILITY  KIT  HAD  JUST
    SUCH PROGRAMS IN IT, SO I SENT THEM OFF TO THE REMOTE SYSOP.   (I  HAVE
    YET TO FIGURE OUT WHAT A REMOTE SYSOP IS.  THE WAY I FIGURE IT, YOU ARE
    EITHER A SYSOP OR  YOU  AREN'T.   OH  WELL,  SO  MUCH  FOR  SEMANTICS.)
    HOWEVER, THE PROGRAMS WERE FOR THE C-64.  I DIDN'T  HAVE  SUCH  ANIMALS
    FOR THE 128!
        HORRORS!  JUST WHEN I HAD THOUGHT I WAS GETTING A HANDLE ON THE 128
    BEAST (AFTER ABOUT A YEAR AND A HALF), I  FOUND  IT  WAS  MISSING  SOME
    BASIC UTILITIES.  THIS WOULD NEVER DO - EVEN THOUGH I  HAD  NOT  REALLY
    MISSED THE UTILITIES UNTIL IT WAS POINTED OUT IN THAT REQUEST  FOR  THE
    64 PROGRAMS.  WELL, I DECIDED TO MAKE SIMILAR  PROGRAMS  AVAILABLE  FOR
    THE 128 - SOMEDAY.
        IT IS NOW SATURDAY NIGHT.  WITH THE CABLE, I HAVE AROUND 40  OR  SO
    CHANNELS TO WATCH ON TV.  AFTER "OUTLAWS" WENT  OFF,  THE  JUST  WASN'T
    ANYTHING INTERESTING ON ANY OF THE CHANNELS, SO I CAME IN HERE  TO  THE
    TRUSTY OLE COMPUTER (HIS NAME IS WAN - SHORT FOR SRI WAN TU EHT) TO SEE
    WHAT I COULD DO TO KILL SOME TIME.   USET.128  IS  THE  RESULT  OF  THE
    SATURDAY NIGHT VAST WASTELAND RESPONSE.
        USET.128 COMBINES A BUNCH OF UTILITIES YOU PROBABLY  WOULDN'T  TAKE
    THE TIME TO PROGRAM FOR YOURSELF, MUCH LESS PUT INTO A SINGLE  PACKAGE.
    INCLUDED IN IT ARE:
         1. A NORMAL SPEED SEQUENTIAL FILE READER.  READS SEQUENTIAL  FILES
    TO SCREEN - NOTHING FANCY.  CONTROL-C STOPS THE  FILE  AND  RETURNS  TO
    MENU.  CONTROL-S STOPS THE FILE, AND CONTROL-Q  CONTINUES  READING  IT.
    THESE ARE NORMAL ASCII CONVENTIONS, AND I JUST THREW THEM  IN  FOR  THE
    FUN OF IT.  (IT IS AN  EITHER  OR  SITUATION  -  THE  FILE  HAS  TO  BE
    SCROLLING TO BE CANCELLED WITH  THE  CTL-C,  THE  CTL-S  STOPPAGE  ONLY
    RESPONDS TO THE CTL-Q CONTINUE.)  IF YOU ARE USING THE 128 IN 80 COLUMN
    MODE, IT DOES DEFAULT TO THE 2 MHZ (FAST) MODE.  OTHER THAN THAT, IT IS
    A PLAIN VANILLA FILE READER.
         2. A FAST SPEED SEQUENTIAL FILE READER.  THIS IS BASED LOOSELY  ON
    JIM BUTTERFIELD'S STRING THING.  STRING THING DOESN'T WORK ON THE  128,
    BUT RICK STERLING OF MICROTECHNIQUES SOLUTIONS, REWROTE THE PROGRAM FOR
    ME SO I HAD THE EQUIVALENT OF STRING THING FOR THE 128.   (IT  PAYS  TO
    HAVE FRIENDS WHO KNOW WHAT THEY ARE DOING WITH THESE  MYSTICAL  BOXES!)
    NO STOPS OR CANCELS ON THIS ONE - YA ANSWERS THE PROMPTS AND  IT  SPITS
    OUT THE FILE.
         3. A SEQUENTIAL FILE SPLITTER.  IF YOU  EVER  GET  BIG  SEQUENTIAL
    FILES, LIKE THE PAMS LIST OR SOME THOROUGH DOCUMENTATION FOR A PROGRAM,
    YOU SOON FIND THAT THEY DON'T FIT INTO NORMAL  WORD  PROCESSORS.   THIS
    ONE TAKES THOSE BIG FILES AND SPLITS THEM INTO LITTLE FILES  THAT  WILL
    FIT INTO YOUR WORD PROCESSOR.  I SEEM TO RECALL THAT ABOUT 7 K WAS  THE
    SIZE FOR WORDPRO 3+/64.  YOU WILL HAVE TO EXPERIMENT  WITH  SIZING  THE
    FILES TO FIT YOUR WORD PROCESSOR.  THE ORIGINAL PROGRAM FOR THE 64  WAS
    CALLED SPLIT.IMG, BY JOEL REUBEN.  IT USED BUTTERFIELD'S  STRING  THING
    FOR SPEED, WHICH IS WHY I JUST HAPPENED TO  HAVE  IT  INCLUDED  IN  THE
    PROGRAM.  JOEL DID SOME THINGS THAT I CHOSE NOT TO DO...... I JUST  PUT
    THE LITTLE FILES INTO A BIG ARRAY AND WRITE  THE  LITTLE  FILE  ALL  AT
    ONCE.
         4. AN ASCII/PETSCII AND PETSCII/ASCII CONVERSION KIT.  IF  YOU  DO
    MUCH TELECOMMUNICATING, AND YOU DON'T HAVE A  FANCY  TERMINAL  PROGRAM,
    YOU CAN EASILY END UP WITH TEXT FILES THAT COME BACK  INVERTED.   (LIKE
    THIS - WHERE THE BIG LETTERS COME OUT SMALL AND THE SMALL LETTERS  COME
    OUT CAPITALIZED.)  THIS IS THE RESULT OF YOUR GETTING A TRUE ASCII FILE
    ON YOUR DISK.  COMMODORE USES A VARIATION OF  ASCII,  SOMETIMES  CALLED
    PETSCII, AND YOU HAVE TO CONVERT TRUE ASCII  TO  PETSCII  TO  COME  OUT
    LOOKING RIGHT.  CONVERSELY, IF YOU SEND FILES TO OTHERS,  YOU  PROBABLY
    NEED TO SEND THEM AS TRUE ASCII SO OTHER MACHINES CAN UNDERSTAND  THEM.
    THESE TWO OPTIONS ALLOW YOU TO CONVERT FILES FROM ONE TO THE  OTHER  ON
    YOUR DISK.  (ASCII - AMERICAN STANDARD  CODE  FOR  THE  INTERCHANGE  OF
    INFORMATION)
         5. A PRINTER DUMP FOR SEQUENTIAL FILES.  WHY  NOT?   I  HAVE  BEEN
    READING THEM, AND HAVE THE FACILITIES AVAILABLE, SO THREW THIS  ONE  IN
    GRATIS.  IT USES THE MODIFIED STRING THING FOR SPEED  AND  DEFAULTS  TO
    PRINTERS USING DEVICE #4 AND A SECONDARY ADDRESS OF 7.  THAT'S A CARDCO
    SETTING, BUT FAIRLY COMMON.  COMMODORE PRINTERS SHOULD WORK JUST FINE -
    THEY DON'T NEED SECONDARY ADDRESSING.
         6. A DISK DIRECTORY.  I NEVER CAN REMEMBER THE NAMES OF THE  FILES
    I WANT TO LOOK AT  WHEN  I  FINALLY  GET  A  UTILITY  LOADED  INTO  THE
    COMPUTER.  SO, I STICK DIRECTORIES INTO  ALL  MY  UTILITIES.   IT  ONLY
    COSTS A LINE OF CODE, AND SAVES ME BUNCHES OF TIME TRYING  TO  REMEMBER
    WHY I LOADED UP THE UTILITY IN THE FIRST PLACE.
        USET.128 IS ENTIRELY IN BASIC 7.0, SO YOU CAN  MODIFY  IT  ALL  YOU
    WANT, OR MAYBE JUST STUDY IT TO LEARN WHAT SOME OF THE  BASIC  COMMANDS
    DO.  THE DATA STATEMENTS DO POKE IN A SMALL ML PROGRAM NEEDED  FOR  THE
    STRING THING EQUIVALENT.  IF YOU WANT TO LOOK AT IT WITH THE  128'S  ML
    MONITOR, THE MEMORY LOCATION IS 0B00 TO 0B67.   I  MADE  NO  EFFORT  TO
    CRUNCH USET.128, NOR DID I CHOOSE TO PUT ANY BELLS  AND  WHISTLES  INTO
    IT.  IT IS JUST A LITTLE WORK-HORSE PROGRAM THAT YOU  MIGHT  JUST  FIND
    USEFUL FROM TIME TO TIME.
        THE MOST USEFUL AND BEST PART OF  THE  PROGRAM  IS  THE  LAST  MENU
    OPTION.  IT DOES A SCREEN CLEAR AND ENDS THE PROGRAM SO YOU CAN GET  ON
    WITH SOMETHING MORE IMPORTANT.




             USING THE FORUM USTATUS AND SEND COMMANDS

                     Practice Forum Help File

                        by Mike Schoenbach

                   Last updated:  May 17, 1989.

Many of your CompuServe friends and acquaintances are often
online in your favorite CompuServe Forum(s) at the same times you
are.  For this reason, it's usually very convenient to find out who
else is currently online in the Forum.  At times, you may see a
friend of yours who you want to get a message to right away.  Other
times, perhaps, you will see some Forum members who you'd like to
invite to the Forum's conference area so you can get to know them
better.  CompuServe offers two very convenient commands to
facilitate this type of "real-time" communication between Forum
members:  USTATUS and SEND.

The USTATUS command (which stands for User STATUS) allows you to
view a listing of users that are currently online in the Forum with
you.  By entering the UST command (the common abbreviation for
USTATUS) at any Forum '!' command prompt, CompuServe will display a
listing similar to the following:

     User  User ID        Nod  Area   Name
     ----  -------------  ---  -----  -------------------
        1  76703,4363     LIS  SysOp  Mike Schoenbach
        2  73270,232      GNC  Mes    John Doe
        3  76403,1012     WPM  Mes    Susan Duncan
        4  72241,2232     MFL  Mes    Roger Diamond
        5  70207,15       MAU  Rm 4   Lisa P. Feldberg
        6  75000,23       WPM  Lib    Joe Salomi
        7  74026,121      DAO  Rm 4   Dick Brady
        8  76703,1        NYY  Group  Richard Wallstein
        9  76320,323      SPC  Group  Keith Connolly
       10  70023,1214     KCO  Lib    David Garcia 
 
As you can see from the above example, the display is divided up
into five columns:

USER    -   A temporary number assigned to you for your current
session only.

USER ID -   CompuServe User ID number.

NOD     -   Three letter node (access point) identification.

AREA    -   Area of the Forum the member is currently using:
               Mes   -  Messages
               Lib   -  Libraries
               Rm #  -  Conference Room #
               Group -  Conference Group
               SysOp -  Sysop maintenance area (accessible only
                        to Forum Sysops)

NAME    -   Member's name or handle (note that names larger than 19
            characters long are truncated in the UST listing)

All members appearing in the UST listing are ALSO CURRENTLY ONLINE
USING THE FORUM.

You can use the Forum SEND command to send a one line (73
character) message to any member who is online in the Forum with
you.

                The format of the SEND command is:

                      SEN user# message text.

                             Example:

                SEN 3 Hi Susan!  How have you been?

 Susan (User 3) will receive the following message on her screen:

       ;;[1] Mike Schoenbach - Hi Susan!  How have you been?

The double semi-colon indicates that the message Susan received is
a SEND.  The number in brackets represents the SENDER's temporary
USER number (NOTE: *NOT* User ID number).  The name appearing after
the USER number is the name of the SENDER.  The text appearing to
the right of the dash is the text of the SEND line.

         To respond to Mike Schoenbach, Susan would enter:

      SEN 1 I'm doing fine, Mike.  What have you been up to?

Many great conversations and friendships have started this way!

Questions about either the UST or SEND command can be posted in
Message Section 9 of the Free Practice Forum (GO PRACTICE).

IMPORTANT NOTE:  The SEND command is *DISABLED* (not accepted as a
valid command) in the Practice Forum.



 UTILITY WEDGE    (4 APRIL 1985)

 Command Summary

 *    read disk error channel
 **   send DOS command to disk
 *a   auto line numbering or renumbering
 *b   read or write a disk block
 *c   copy a file or entire disk, change a file type, recover scratched file
 *d   delete a range of lines
 *f   show how much free memory
 *g   get disk directory
 *l   show load address of program file
 *m   enable Micromon monitor
 *p   print seqential file
 *q   disable (quit) wedge
 *t   text editor
 *u   un-new a program
 *x   dump screen to printer
 *!   computer cold start (reset)
 *#   change wedge #
 *=   change disk drive # (and wedge #)
 *+   change border color
 *-   change background color
 *\   change character color
 *?   show command menu
 */   load program file
 *@   load program file to header address
 *^   load program file and run it
 *_   save program file
 *:   load seqential file
 *;   save seqential file
 *,   load user file
 *.   save user file
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 The following commands are available when using Micromon (*m)

 a    assembler                          b    break set
 c    compare memory                     d    disassembler
 e    disconnect micromon                f    fill memory
 g    go run                             h    hunt memory
 j    jump to subroutine                 l    load memory from device
 m    memory display                     n    new locator
 o    offset or branch calculate         p    printer toggle (serial bus)
 q    quick trace                        r    register display
 s    save memory to device              t    transfer memory
 v    verify memory with device          w    walk through program
 x    exit to basic (brk enabled)        "    ascii conversion
 #    decimal conversion                 $    hex conversion
 %    binary conversion                  &    checksum memory
 (    enable command tone                )    disable command tone
 +    add hex numbers                    -    subtract hex numbers
 >    disk directory


 Command detail and syntax

 I wrote this program with several objectives in mind........ I wanted to be
 able to access a lot of utility programs without having to load them in every
 time I wanted to use one. Also, I did not want it to slow down the running of
 programs, change any of the standard basic commands, nor use up any of the
 basic memory space. I also wanted to be able to use abbreviated DOS commands.

 The main wedge routines reside in memory from hex $a001 to $cfff. Any program
 that does not use memory in this range should be able to co-exist. When
 Micromon is in use, the casette buffer is also used. About 2/3 of the memory
 used by the wedge is under the basic and Kernal ROMS. Since the wedge is all
 machine language, basic is not needed to perform any of the wedge commands,
 and is switched out (temporarily) while they are being performed. All wedge
 commands must be preceeded by an asterisk (*). The asterisk tells basic
 (direct mode only) that the command that follows should be turned over to the
 wedge interpreter.

 You can load the wedge with the conventional basic statement:

 LOAD"WEDGE",8

 Next, RUN and the machine code will be transferred to the proper place,
 enabled to communicate with disk drive # 8 (default setting), and the command
 menu will be displayed. The basic part of the program erases itself after the
 wedge is in place.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Notes: Unless otherwise noted, any references to numbers can be in decimal or
 hex. If you specify hex, the number must be preceeded by the $ symbol.
 Example ---- 42 (decimal) or $2a (hex)

 Commands which write data to buffers in the 64 will not disturb basic
 programs, nor will they overwrite variables or strings. Buffers are allocated
 by the wedge from areas that have not yet been used by your basic programs.
 The wedge finds these areas by reading the vectors at locations 49 through 52.
 @
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 This command alone will read the error channel of the disk drive and print it
 on the screen.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 **
 Sends any text following the ** to the disk drive as a DOS command. Examples:

 **n:diskname,id     ->  formats a disk
 **i                 ->  initializes the drive
 **s:filename        ->  scratches a file
 **v                 ->  validates a disk
 **r:newname=oldname ->  renames a file
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *a,10               *a,1000,10          *a
 This command can take any of those three forms. The first will enable auto
 line number feeds. After giving the command, you can start the process by
 typing in a basic program line. When you press return, the next line number
 will be waiting for you on the following line, and the cursor will be waiting
 one space to the right of the number. Auto line number feeds will be discon-
 nected automatically when any function is performed other than editing or
 entering program lines. This includes listing or running programs, pokes,
 peeks, etc. (otherwise it would interfere with these functions). The number
 following the comma can be any number from 1 to 63999.

 The second form of this command (two numbers) is used to renumber a basic
 program residing in the 64. The first number is the number you want the first
 line to be, and the second is the step size between line numbers.

 The third form of this command disconnects auto line number feeds.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *br,$20,$2            *bw,$20,$2
 The *br command will read a block of data from the disk, display the location
 of the buffer where the data is stored, and enable Micromon so that you can
 display the data (see Micromon command docs). Since Micromon displays it's
 information in hex, it's usually a good idea to specify hex numbers in the
 block-read and block-write wedge commands (to avoid confusion). The first
 number is the track, the second is the sector (block).

 The *bw command will write a block of data from the buffer to a block on the
 disk. This command is usually used after a block-read command, where you have
 modified the data and wish to write it back to the block. This command is
 very powerful. If you goof using it, you can really mess up a disk, so it's a
 good idea to have an extra copy of the disk on hand as insurance. For this
 reason, you will also be prompted to confirm your intent to write to the
 block (makes you think about it one last time).
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *c:filename         *c:filename,type    *c*                 *c**
 The *c:filename command is used to make copies of single files. The file is
 read into a buffer from the source disk, and you are prompted for another disk
 (must be formatted). Once you have inserted the destination disk, pressing
 RETURN will cause the buffered file to be written to it. For large files, it
 will be necessary to swap the disks until the entire file is copied (you will
 be prompted to do so). Example....*c:wedge will copy the file named "wedge".
 No need to specify file type, as that info is read from the directory.

 If you use this command on a file that has been scratched, it will recover the
 file (not copy it). The file will be recovered as a program file unless you
 specify otherwise, as in the following command.

 The *c:filename,type command is used to change file types, or to recover
 scratched files as a particular file type. For example, *c:wedge,s will
 change the file named "wedge" to a seqential file, or will recover a
 scratched file named "wedge" as a seqential file. One final note on copying
 single files........relative files are not supported. However, you can copy
 relative files with the next 2 commands.

 The *c* command will make a copy of the entire disk. Disks with a lot of data
 on them will need to be swapped a few times (you'll be prompted), and the
 destination disk must already be formatted. All blocks allocated in the BAM
 will be copied. The *c** command will cause all blocks to be copied, whether
 they are allocated in the BAM or not.


 *d100-400       *d-300         *d200-

 Deletes a specified range of program lines. In the first example, all lines
 from 100 to 400 (inclusive) will be deleted. In the second, all from 0 to 300
 and in the third, all from 200 up. This command also performs a CLR.

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *f
 Reads out how much unused memory is left for basic in hex and decimal values.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *g
 Prints the directory of the disk to the screen. This command will not disturb
 basic programs like the load"$",8 command does. Pressing the CTRL key will
 slow the display, any other key will stop it and return you to command mode.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *l:filename
 Reads out the load address of a program file in hex and decimal
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *m
 Enables Micromon, a machine language monitor program. Many versions of this
 program exist, so I won't go into a detailed list of the commands and their
 syntax. There is good documentation available in Compute's First Book of
 Commodore 64, though, and the version used in the wedge is very similar. Some
 of the differences are that the wedge version resides under the basic rom from
 $b000 to $bfff, and is supported by several wedge subroutines; the 'p'
 command toggles the printer (device 4) on the serial bus instead of on the
 RS232 port; etc. Not different enough to matter much.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *p:filename
 Prints a sequential file to the screen or to a printer (device 4 on the
 serial bus). Pressing the CTRL key while printing to the screen will slow the
 display, any other key will pause. While paused, pressing 'x' will terminate
 the operation, any other key will resume it.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *q
 Disables the wedge program. To re-enable it, you must SYS49152.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *t
 Enables the text editor...see the additional writeup at the end of this DOC.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *u
 Un-new's a program. This command is useful to those of us who accidentially
 type NEW and wish we hadn't. It will recover the program (as long as you
 haven't loaded in another one yet). Also performs a CLR.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *x
 Dumps the screen to the printer. The command line is erased just before the
 dump so that you can copy the screen without having *x show up on your
 printout. It's good practice to issue this command from a line other than the
 last (issuing it from the last line will cause the screen to scroll).

 This is a fairly simple screen dump utility. It will not support bitmapped
 screens, reverse video will be printed as non-reverse, etc. However, it will
 support upper and lower case characters and CBM graphics characters. It does
 it by reading the register at $d011 prior to opening the printer file. If the
 mode is upper/lower case, a secondary address of 7 is sent to the printer,
 else it sends a zero instead. Tested with the CBM 1525, Prowriter 8510 and the
 Hewlett-Packard "Thinkjet".
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *!
 Sends the computer to it's cold start routine (same as typing SYS64738)
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *#9
 Switches the wedge number so that you can communicate with a disk drive of a
 different address (device 9 in this case). You can specify a device number
 from 8 to 31, but you must specify it in decimal (as in the example).
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *=9
 Changes both the wedge number and the number of the disk drive you are
 currently communicating with. If you are currently dealing with drive 8,
 giving this command will change the drive number to 9 and set the wedge to
 communicate with device 9. Same syntax rules apply as in *# command.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *+14                *-14                *\5
 These commands change the border, background and character color respectively.
 *+14 would change the border color to light blue, *-14 changes background to
 light blue, and *\5 will make the text green. Numbers must be specified in
 decimal. You can give these commands without numbers (*+  *-  or  *\). In this
 case, the color will be incremented to the next higher-numbered one.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *?
 Displays an abbreviated command menu for quick reference.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */filename          *@filename          *^filename          *_filename
 The first example loads a program file the same as load"filename",device. The
 second is the same as load"filename",device,1. However, the basic pointers
 will not be disturbed. This command is usually used to load machine language
 programs, and works the same as the DOS WEDGE command %filename (loads to the
 file header address). The third example will load and then run a program
 (usually used on basic programs). The fourth is used to save a program, as in
 save"filename",device.

 In all of these examples (except for *@) you can specify optional addresses
 If you specify addresses for the save command, the syntax must follow this
 form:

 *_filename,addr1,addr2

 The first address is the start of the save, the second is one byte MORE than
 the last address to be included in the save. Addresses can be hex or decimal.

 For the load commands, the syntax is like this:

 */filename,addr     *^filename,addr

 Specifying a load address will cause the basic pointers to remain untouched,
 will override header addresses and cause the load & run (*^) command to
 default to load only.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *:filename          *;filename
 These commands will load and save seqential files, respectively. I use it to
 put files into RAM somewhere (I usually specify an address to load to) so that
 I can examine the data with Micromon. Once in RAM, the data can be modified
 and written back, ignored, whatever. Addresses are optional here, too.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *,filename          *.filename
 Load and save user files, repectively. Addresses optional.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 NOTE: On any of the load/save/copy i/o commands, you can abort reading or
 writing with the STOP key. Pressing this key during these i/o operations will
 close all files and return you to the basic command level.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 TEXT EDITOR (*t) see the next doc file
 TEXT EDITOR

 Creating a document

 To start the text editor,use the *t command. Then, from the EDITOR menu,
 clear the text buffer by selecting 1 and pressing RETURN. You will be asked
 to confirm the command (just a safety precaution for those like myself who
 sometimes forget to save things before erasing them).

 Next, set up the margins and page length you want with selection 2. Default
 values are: left margin 5, right 75, lines per page, 55. The current value
 will be displayed under the cursor, giving you a chance to either modify the
 value or leave it intact (just pressing RETURN will use the current value).

 Now enter the edit mode with selection 3 (default menu selection). If you
 ever get a ?FORMAT ERROR message, it will probably be because the text buffer
 was not initialized before entering the edit mode for the first time, or the
 margins were set to illegal values (left > 77 or too close to right or right
 > 80).


 NOTE: You can return to the menu at any time by pressing the STOP key. Also,
 pressing CTRL H (while in edit mode) will return a help screen to assist
 those who don't like to memorize control and function keys.


 The screen will clear and (if you used the default margin values) you will
 see bars at the left and right sides of your screen. These are the margin
 markers, and at the bottom of the screen will be a status line. You will not
 be able to type into the margin markers, as they are there to help you format
 your text and let you know where your lines start and end. All screen lines
 will be combined in pairs as 80 column lines, which will leave you with 12
 lines on the screen at a time. You can identify which page, line and column
 the cursor is on by reading the status line at the bottom of the screen. The
 status line also lists a reminder for the help screen (should you need it).

 Type a line of text. At the end of the line, press RETURN to get to the next
 line, or just keep on typing. Words will not be broken at the right margin
 marker, because of the editor's automatic PARSING feature. If the last letter
 on a line is not a space, the editor will move the entire word to the next
 line for you. There are some safety features built into this routine, too. If
 there is text on the next line, parsing will not take place. This allows you
 to edit a previous line without accidentally dumping text on the next one.
 Also, parsing will not operate on words longer than 10 characters. That was
 done to allow the use of long strings of dashes for borders, etc. Parsing is
 there to allow you to type without having to watch the screen. Be wary of
 shifted spaces...the editor treats them as characters (not spaces), and they
 can cause unexpected results, especially if they are on the next line...the
 editor will not parse, thinking there is text there. This can be used to
 FORCE a word to stay on the previous line, should you want it to. An example
 of this is the word at the end of this line...                            end.
 @
 CURSOR KEYS

 Cursor right and left work as you would expect them to. Cursor up and down
 are a bit different. They move the cursor 2 screen lines at a time (which is
 really ONE 80 column line). The insert and delete keys will work as expected,
 but only on the current line. When holding the delete key down, the cursor
 will make it's way only as far as the left margin. If you want to delete part
 of the previous line, move the cursor there with a cursor left, and then
 continue deleting. The insert key will push all text from the cursor position
 on towards the right margin. Text pushed into the right margin cannot be
 recovered. The home key works normally, but screen clear is not supported.

 SCROLLING THE SCREEN AND THE@TEXT@BUFFER

 Attempting to move the cursor past the bottom of the screen will cause the
 screen to scroll forward. Reverse scrolling will happen at the top of the
 screen. When you move the cursor to the end of available memory, forward
 movement will stop. The same is true for reverse movement at the screen's top.
 @
 If you plan to create or load a big document, you should free up as much
 memory as possible by typing NEW in the command mode prior to entering the
 editor. Be sure to clear text memory too, or you may get a screenful of
 "garbage" or a ?FORMAT ERROR message when you attempt to enter the edit mode.
 481 lines are available with a big buffer like this (8 pages at 60 lines
 per).
                                                                       @
 THE@CTRL KEYS

 CTRL D will delete the current line and draw all forward lines in to close
 the gap. CTRL I will open up a blank line, pushing all lines forward from the
 current line on. Holding CTRL d or CTRL i will allow you to quickly delete or
 insert large portions of text. Even faster inserts and deletes are possible
 with the next set of keys (BLOCK CTRL KEYS).

 THE BLOCK CTRL KEYS

 These keys call routines which operate on a BLOCK of text (a block being one
 or more full lines of text). The first time a BLOCK CTRL key is pressed, the
 start of the block is defined and stored (it will be the line the cursor is
 on), and the cursor fast-flashes to let you know you have invoked a BLOCK
 function. The second time you press the BLOCK CTRL key, you should have
 already moved the cursor to the line you wish to designate as the last line
 in the block. That line will be defined as the end of the block, and the
 function will be executed.


 NOTE: If you accidentally invoke a block function (the cursor will fast-flash
 when one is begun), you can cancel it by pressing the STOP key. This will
 take you to the menu (where all editing functions are cancelled), and from
 there you can return to edit mode by pressing RETURN (selection 3 will be
 under the cursor).


 CTRL A (align a block)

 This command will "repack" a block of text between the margin markers. I
 frequently use it to convert 40-column text captured by my terminal's buffer
 to 80 columns for printing. Blank lines are preserved, but all extra spaces
 between words are eliminated (repacks with one space between words). If extra
 spaces between words are desired, use shifted spaces (they're treated like a
 character by the alignment routine). Here's an alignment demo:


 This is the first line.
 This is the second line.
 This is the third line.


 Now here are the same 3 lines repacked with CTRL A:


 This is the first line. This is the second line. This is the third line.


 Here's the set of lines repacked to be an indented block of text:


               This is the first line.
               This is the second line.
               This is the third line.

 The first repack was done by pressing CTRL A with the cursor on the first
 line. Then, CTRL A on the last line. The block gets copied and repacked in a
 buffer, the original block removed, and the new "repacked" block inserted in
 it's place. The block buffer retains a copy of the last block buffered.

 The second repack was done with the margins reset to 15 left and 40 right. If
 you try this last one yourself, you will notice that the margin markers will
 cover up some of the text when you reenter edit mode (normal). Just go ahead
 and define the block with CTRL A's. Then reset the margins after the repack.

 CTRL C (copy a block)

 This function copies a block of text into the block buffer.

 CTRL M (merge a block)

 Inserts the text from the block buffer into the document at the cursor line.
 Text from the cursor line on is moved forward in the document to make room
 for the merger.

 CTRL R (remove a block)

 Removes a block of text from the document and closes up the gap. The removed
 block is copied into the block buffer. This function can be used to delete
 huge portions of text, or to "pick up" a piece of the document, relocate and
 merge it elsewhere with a subsequent CTRL M.

 CTRL R can also be used to buffer a chunk of your document so that you can
 load another one and merge the buffered text into it. Here's how:

 Gobble up the portion of your document you DON'T want with CTRL R. Last,
 gobble the text you WANT. This will leave you with a blank workspace, and
 the desired text in the block buffer. Now, load the file you want to merge
 the text into, and insert the buffered text with CTRL M.

 Sounds like the long way around, but if you clear your workspace from the
 menu, you also clear the block buffer. So, CTRL R will give you a way to do
 it. You can also merge text with the load routine (see that section).

 CTRL S (set block underlining)

 You can define any text to be underlined by typing it in reverse video (more
 on this later). CTRL S will convert an entire block to a reverse video block.
 When the editor's printing routine comes across this text, it will be sent to
 the printer as underlined text (as long as the printer has that capability).
 This function, and CTRL K, will allow you to define less than a full line of
 text as part of the block. The text does not get copied into the buffer.
 Also, CTRL S will not underline spaces at the end of a line, and will ignore
 blank lines.

 CTRL K (kill block underlining)

 Kills any reverse video in a block of text. Sometimes you may load a file and
 find it full of reverse video text (nulls added to a file by a BBS can cause
 this to happen. More on this later). When that happens, this function will
 allow you to correct it very quickly.

 CTRL V (view the block buffer)

 Allows you to see what's in the block buffer. Will not function if the buffer
 is empty.

 CTRL Z (zero block buffer)

 Allows you to zero the block buffer. You may want to do this if you run out
 of memory (and you have text in the block buffer) and you need to free up
 some extra room for the rest of your document. As you may have guessed, the
 block buffer is allocated from part of the "free" text buffer.


 NOTE: If your document is quite big, and you attempt to align, copy or merge
 a large part of it, nothing may happen. This will occur if the block is too
 big to fit into the buffer (memory for the buffer will be small in a case
 like this). Also, any block function that writes to the block buffer will
 erase the previous contents of the buffer. However, CTRL D and CTRL I don't
 write to the buffer, so they can be used when you want to preserve the
 contents of the buffer, but you would still like to insert and delete lines.

 CTRL B (clear to beginning of line)

 Clears all text from the cursor to the beginning of the line. Does not write
 to the buffer.

 CTRL E (clear to the end of line)

 Clears all text from the cursor to the end of the line. Does not write to the
 buffer.


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text in the middle
 of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 What I'll do is insert "(ain't that grand?)" between "text" and "in". First,
 duplicate the first line to be changed with CTRL C and CTRL M:


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text in the middle
 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text in the middle
 of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 Now, edit the lines like this with CTRL E and CTRL B:


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text
                                                                 in the middle
 of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 Now, type in the extra text:


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text
 (ain't that grand?)                                             in the middle
 of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 Finally, align (repack) the block:


 NOTE: CTRL C, M, B, E and A can be used together to insert text (ain't that
 grand?) in the middle of a paragraph. I'll demonstrate with this paragraph.


 This may seem like a lot of steps (and it is), but it's really a lifesaver on
 a LARGE paragraph where the alternative is to retype part of each line.


 CTRL U and CTRL O  (underlining mode and underlining off mode)

 Default is CTRL O (underlining off). Pressing CTRL U will cause any furthur
 text typed to be displayed in reverse video (underlined text). CTRL O cancels
 this mode.


 CTRL P and CTRL N (previous and next screen)

 These functions allow rapid movement through the document. CTRL N will move
 you ahead 11 lines, and CTRL P back 11 lines.


 CTRL F and CTRL L (get first or last page)

 CTRL F will move you immediately to the first page, first line, first
 character. CTRL L sends you to to the last page, last line, last character.


 CTRL W (word search)

 This function will hunt down a word or string for you and take you there
 immediately. The word or string can be up to 80 characters long, and can be
 searched from the beginning of the document or from the last cursor position.
 This will allow you to go to a specific area in your document without having
 to burn your eyes out looking for a key word or phrase.

 The search performed is defaulted to a wild card search. Searching for the
 word "for" will return the first found of any of the following strings:

 for  forward  forcast  fort

 To ensure the routine will only find "for" use this for the string:for *
 (note the space between the asterisk and the word). This is sort of an "anti"
 wild card, but what it really does is ensure that the search routine will
 look for the string "for" with a space after it, eliminating matches with the
 other strings.

 I also use CTRL W to search for labels (and references to them) in my source
 files. Allows me to make changes, and find ALL references to the label. I
 just keep searching until the routine tells me it can't find the string (at
 that point I know I have them all.

 NOTE: If the first occurrance of the word in your document is not the one
 you're looking for, do a cursor right and search again, but this time answer
 no to the first prompt. This will continue the search from the last cursor
 position and find the next occurrance of the word.


 CTRL H (gets the help screen)


 NOTE: When the cursor is in the fast-flash mode, any other editing keys that
 do not fast-flash the cursor can be used. This means you can move from one
 end of the document to the other (with CTRL L, for example) while defining a
 block. Let's say you wanted to repack the entire document. The CTRL KEY
 sequence could be CTRL F (go to beginning) CTRL A (define block beginning)
 CTRL L (go to end) CTRL A (define block end and execute block-align).

 Also, you will probably notice that any of the keys that fast-flash the
 cursor can be used to define the start of a block. It's the LAST key you
 press that defines the function at the same time it defines the end of the
 block. For example, this means that the sequence CTRL A, CTRL C will
 accomplish the same thing as CTRL C, CTRL C.


 FUNCTION KEYS (f1 thru f8)

 f7 moves the cursor to the next tab to the right. The cursor returns to the
 left margin after the last tab is reached.

 f5 moves the cursor to the next tab to the left. The cursor returns to the
 right margin after the last tab is reached.

 f4 set up tabs at every 5th column and erases all other tabs

 f3 sets a tab at the cursor position

 f2 clears all tabs

 f1 clears the tab at the cursor position

 The other function keys are not used

                       8563 VDC REGISTER MAP

 REG#  Bit7  Bit6  Bit5  Bit4  Bit3  Bit2  Bit1  Bit0  Description

  0     HT7   HT6   HT5   HT4   HT3   HT2   HT1   HT0  Horizontal Total
  1     HD7   HD6   HD5   HD4   HD3   HD2   HD1   HD0  Horizontal Displayed
  2     HP7   HP6   HP5   HP4   HP3   HP2   HP1   HP0  Horiz Sync Position
  3     VW3   VW2   VW1   VW0   HW3   HW2   HW1   HW0  Vert/Horiz Sync Width
  4     VT7   VT6   VT5   VT4   VT3   VT2   VT1   VT0  Vertical Total
  5     --    --    --    VA4   VA3   VA2   VA1   VA0  Vert Total Adjust
  6     VD7   VD6   VD5   VD4   VD3   VD2   VD1   VD0  Vertical Displayed
  7     VP7   VP6   VP5   VP4   VP3   VP2   VP1   VP0  Vert Sync Position
  8     --    --    --    --    --    --    IM1   IM0  Interlace Mode
  9     --    --    --   CTV4  CTV3  CTV2  CTV1  CTV0  Char Total Vertical
 10     --    CM1   CM0   CS4   CS3   CS2   CS1   CS0  Cursor Mode/Start Scan
 11     --    --    --    CE4   CE3   CE2   CE1   CE0  Cursor End Scan Line
 12    DS15  DS14  DS13  DS12  DS11  DS10   DS9   DS8  Display Start Addr High
 13     DS7   DS6   DS5   DS4   DS3   DS2   DS1   DS0  Display Sta	 Addr Low
 14    CP15  CP14  CP13  CP12  CP11  CP10   CP9   CP8  Cursor Position High
 15     CP7   CP6   CP5   CP4   CP3   CP2   CP1   CP0  Cursor Position Low
 16    LPV7  LPV6  LPV5  LPV4  LPV3  LPV2  LPV1  LPV0  Light Pen Vertical
 17    LPH7  LPH6  LPH5  LPH4  LPH3  LPH2  LPH1  LPH0  Light Pen Horizontal
 18    UA15  UA14  UA13  UA12  UA11  UA10   UA9   UA8  Update Address High
 19     UA7   UA6   UA5   UA4   UA3   UA2   UA1   UA0  Update Address Low
 20    AA15  AA14  AA13  AA12  AA11  AA10   AA9   	8  Attribute Start Addr Hi
 21     AA7   AA6   AA5   AA4   AA3   AA2   AA1   AA0  Attribute Start Addr Lo
 22    CTH3  CTH2  CTH1  CTH0  CDH3  CDH2  CDH1  CDH0  Char Tot(h),Dsp(v)
 23     --    --    --   CDV4  CDV3  CDV2  CDV1  CDV0  Char Dsp(v)
 24    COPY   RVS CBRATE VSS4  VSS3  VSS2  VSS1  VSS0  Vert Smooth Scroll
 25    TEXT   ATR  SEMI   DBL  HSS3  HSS2  HSS1  HSS0  Horiz Smooth Scroll
 26     FG3   FG2   FG1   FG0   BG3   BG2   BG1   BG0  Foregrnd/Bkgrnd Color
 27     AI7   AI6   AI5   AI4   AI3  	I2   AI1   AI0  Addr Increment/Row
 28    CB15  CB14  CB13   RAM   --    --    --    --   Character Base Address
 29     --    --    --    UL4   UL3   UL2   UL1   UL0  Underline Scan Line
 30     WC7   WC6   WC5   WC4   WC3   WC2   WC1   WC0  Word Count
 31     DA7   DA6   DA5   DA4   DA3   DA2   DA1   DA0  Data
 32    BA15  BA14  BA13  BA12  BA11  BA10   BA9   BA8  Block Start Addr High
 33     BA7   BA6   BA5   BA4   BA3   BA2   BA1   BA0  Block Start Addr Low
 34    DEB7  DEB6  DEB5  DEB4  DEB3  DEB2  	B1  DEB0  Display Enable Begin
 35    DEE7  DEE6  DEE5  DEE4  DEE3  DEE2  DEE1  DEE0  Display Enable End
 36     --    --    --    --   DRR3  DRR2  DRR1  DRR0  DRAM Refresh Rate

     Description of MAPPED registers:

 $D600 ->  address (write):    --    --    R5    R4    R3    R2    R1    R0
           status  (read) :  STATUS  LP  VBLANK  --    --    --    --    --

 $D601 ->  data    (r/w)  :    D7    D6    D5    D4    D3    D2    D1    D0

 ATTRIBUTE byte layout        ALT   RVS    UL  FLASH  Red   Gr	  Blue  Intens


 Set $D600 to register to read/write. Read/Write register data at $D601.

                          Installation Instruction
                          [For C-128 Video Upgrade]
 
    [1]  Allow ample work area.  Spread out a towel or two to avoid
    scratching C-128 case, and help catch loose screws.
 
    [2] You will be dealing with extremely sensitive IC's.  Please follow
    usual precautions to avoid static charges.
 
    [3]  Turn over computer (with front facing you), Remove six (6) screws,
    1 at each back corner, 1 in the center, and 3 across front. (Older
    models have phillips-head machine screws, here use medium size phillips
    screw driver #1.) Newer models will have hex-shaped insert screws.
    Here use a 5/64 hex key (alan wrench).  Now turn computer right side
    up.
 
    [4] The top and bottom halves of the computer are now held together by
    two interlocking plastic tabs.  The two tabs protruding down from the
    top have "teeth" pointing outward, that interlock with the bottom.
    These tabs are located at a point between the top row of number keys
    and the single row of function keys at both sides of the keyboard.
    Press the top IN at this spot, (away from the base and towards center),
    as you lift the top up. You may also try to pull the base OUT at the
    same point. Once one side is free, the other will follow easily.
 
    [5]  (a) Note orientation of LIP part of pilot light LED plug, attached
    to left side of circuit board, (It points out.)  Pull apart mini plug.
 
         (b)  The keyboard is attached to the circuit board with a
    multi-wire mini plug.  Here too, pull apart plug, and NOTE orientation.
    (There is a brown wire closer to power switch....but check out unit
    being worked on for variation.)  When seperating this plug, note that
    the two plastic parts merge completely together.  The "stilts" coming
    out of the circuit board are NOT what it is pluged into.  They are part
    of the bottom half of the plug.
 
         (c) Remove the heavy braid ground wire which also attaches the
    keyboard to the circuit board with a hex key or phillips head.
 
    [6]  Free the RF shield from the board.  At left rear-center is a large
    phillips head screw.  Remove it.  Counting this screw, the shield is
    attached to the board by 7 hex screws.  Remove all 7.  Holding the
    shield to the base are also twisted tabs, at 4 places along the front,
    and left edge.  GENTLY turn tabs straight with needle-nose pliers.
    WATCH direction tabs are twisted, some go one way, others the other.
    Finally, just above the keyboard mini-plug on the right side by a tab,
    the RF shield is soldered to the board. Unsolder at this point, and
    then RF shield can be removed.
 
    [7] On the main board is a small metal box, at left-center, actually
    the only one there.  The two chips to be replaced are located inside.
    Gently pull up and remove the lid.  The chip locations are marked on
    the circuit board as U23 and U25.
 
    [8]  Seperate the circuit board from the bottom RF shield, by carefully
    twisting the tabs holding it to the board.  Leave the bottom RF shield
    in the bottom plastic case, and lift out the circuit board, with a
    "left pull and up" angle, so that plugs inside plastic base slip out
    before lifting up.
 
    [9]  Remove chips U23 and U25, by either a clip and unsolder or simple
    unsolder method.  The old chip pins may be bent on the bottom, if so
    straighten before pulling out. EXAMINE carefully for damage!!  If any
    see below before proceeding!! Insert IC sockets, bending bottom pins
    for a tight fit, and solder in place.  Plug in the two #4464's noting
    that the "dimple" on the #4464's line up with the "dimple" outline on
    the circuit board.
 
    [10]  Reassemble casing, carefully reversing each step.
 
    Ooooops!!
    There are three common goofs, which should be avoided, but if they
    occur, here are the patches:
 
    [1]  Solder "ran" and now two pin connections are crossed. Okey, this
    is easy, just unsolder the connection, carefully seeing that no other
    pin connections are crossed.
 
    [2]  In unsoldering the old chip, the pin connection got burned out.
    Okey, this is a bit more tricky.  You have to examine the circuit board
    both the top and bottom sides, and trace the connection from the burned
    out pin hole to where it goes.  [If you have a schematic, by all means
    use this.] Then, after inserting the IC socket, use a "magic marker" on
    the bottom of the board to mark the burned out pin, and its connecting
    point. Remember when working on the board bottom, its locations are
    reversed, so double check that you are tracing connections correctly!!
    Take a loop of light weight wire, allow for a loop longer than the
    distance to be connected, and solder the wire to the two points.  Use
    electric tape to isolate the two solder connections from any near by
    pins, at both ends of the wire. Then flatten this wire to the bottom of
    the board, going around the "pin hills". And finally take several long
    pieces of electrical tape, maybe 4 or 5 inches long, and secure the
    wire to the bottom, so that it is flat against the board.
 
    [3] In removing the old chip, part of the circuit board tracing tore.
    Well, this is pretty much like goof #2 above.  Make sure that there is
    no loose tracings to cause a short.  Trace out the connection, go to
    the bottom of the board, and solder in a wire splice connection as
    described in #2.
The companies listed here are suppliers of Commodore and general purpose
hardware, software, and publications.  This list is not all-inclusive;
your suggestions for additions or corrections are always welcome.  Listing
of European vendors follows the listing of vendors in the USA and Canada.

PLEASE NOTE!
Inclusion of any company name in this list is for informational purposes
ONLY and does NOT constitute an endorsement of the company by the Sysops
of this Forum nor by CompuServe.

                               -*-*-*-*-*-*-*-



Aprotek
  (peripherals -- modems, RS232, etc)

  Aprotek
  9323 W. Evans Creek Rd.
  Rogue River, OR  97537
  503-582-2120 (8-5 Pacific)
  BBS: 503-855-9147 (1200/2400 baud)


Brown Boxes, Inc.
  (Quick Brown Box)

  Brown Boxes, Inc.
  26 Concord Rd.
  Bedford, MA  01730
  617-275-0090


Busy Bee Software
  (The Write Stuff)

  Busy Bee Software
  PO Box 206
  St. David, AZ  85630
  502-720-4103


CPI
  Cheatsheet Products, Inc.
  P.O. Box 8369
  Pittsburgh. PA  15218

  Leroy's Cheatsheets for both the 64
  and 128. Also, Free Spirit and other
  publisher's software.

  Ask for their Commodore Catalog.


Commodore Business Machines, Inc. *[toast]*
  CBM asks that you try to obtain parts from authorized service centers
  rather than ordering direct from them.
  Leave a message in CBM Service Forum (GO CBMSER) asking for part number
  and price information.  Be aware that since CBM is out of business
  and Greg Givler is manning the forum out of the goodness of his heart,
  it may take a while for him to get back to you.


ComputAbility
  (printers, modems, monitors, disks, printer ribbons)

  ComputAbility
  PO Box 17882
  Milwaukee, WI  53217
  414-357-8181 (9am-9pm Central M-F, 11am-5pm Sat)
  fax:  414-357-7814


Compute! books
  (books only)

  The Chilton Book Company
  attn: Customer Service Dept.
  One Chilton Way
  Radnor, PA  19089


Computer Direct
  (hardware, some software)
  (Also known as Protecto)

  Computer Direct
  22292 N. Pepper Rd.
  Barrington, IL  60010
  800-289-9473  ext. 11
  outside US: 312-382-5058


CMD
Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
  (JiffyDos, RAMlink, hard drives, software)

  Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
  15 Benton Dr.
  PO Box 646
  East Longmeadow, MA  01028
  orders only: 800-638-3263
    (US and Canada)
  413-525-0023
  fax: 413-525-0147
  WEB: http://www.msen.com/~brain/quest/cmd
  (Info, Price list, sample Issue of Commodore World - updated August 1995)

  E-Mail:
  doug.cotton@the-spa.com   This supercedes the cmd-doug@genie.geis.com address.
  cmd.cac@the-spa.com       Charles A. Christianson, Vice President of Sales &
                            Marketing.
  cmd.sales@the-spa.com     For questions relating to prices, catalog requests,
                            ordering information, etc.
  cmd.support@the-spa.com   For technical questions.
  cmd.cw@the-spa.com        For questions or comments relating to Commodore
                            World magazine.

  CMD now repairs Commodore equipment.


Digital Vision, Inc.
  (ComputerEyes software & hardware)

  Digital Vision, Inc.
  270 Bridge St.
  Dedham, MA  02026
  (617) 329-5400


Direct Micro
  (printer ribbons, paper, disks, computer
    novelties, mouse pads, general computer
    supplies)

   Direct Micro, Inc.
   1782 Dividend Drive
   Columbus, OH  43228-3845
   orders: 800-288-2887 9am-8pm Eastern weekdays
   outside USA: (614) 771-8771 (same hours)
   fax (24 hours) (614) 771-8772


Egghead Discount Software

    Egghead carries only IBM and Mac software,
    but they do also carry general-purpose
    merchandise such as disks, boxes, cleaning
    kits, modems etc. Call them at 800-EGGHEAD
    to find a store near you or to purchase
    through mail order.


The Grapevine Group

   *[toast]*


Jameco Electronics
  (chips and electronics)

  Jameco Electronics
  1355 Shoreway Rd.
  Belmont, CA  94002
  415-592-8097
  fax: 415-592-2503


Jason-Ranheim Company
  (hardware, EPROM programming, cartridges)

  Jason-Ranheim Company
  3105 Gayle Lane
  Auburn, CA  95603
  619-878-0785


Kasara Micro Systems
  (Commodore equipment service manuals)

  Kasara Micro Systems
  Telephone Number: 1-800-248-2983


Lyben Computer Systems
  (general computer supplies)

  Lyben Computer Systems
  1150 Maplelawn
  PO Box 1237
  Troy, MI  48099
  313-649-4500
  fax: 313-649-2500

  Has $15 minimum order


Lyco Computer
  (general purpose hardware)

  Lyco Computer
  PO Box 5088
  Jersey Shore, PA  17740
  800-233-8760
  customer service: 717-494-1670
  fax: 717-494-1441


Master Software
  (hardware and software)

  Master Software
  6 Hillary Court
  Randallstown, MD  21113
  301-922-2962


Media Value
  (disks, printer ribbons, mailers, disk boxes etc.)

  Media Value
  3350 Scott Blvd, Suite 1903
  Santa Clara, CA  95054
  800-845-3472 (M-F 7am-7pm Pacific, 12-4pm Sat)
  outside US: 408-727-9923
  fax: 408-727-3155


MEI/Micro Center
   (disks, printer ribbons, misc. supplies)

   MEI/Micro Center
   1100 Steelwood Road
   Columbus, OH  43212
   800-634-3478 (M-F 8am-11pm Eastern, 9am-7pm Sat)
   fax: 614-486-6417
   Cannot ship outside USA (APO/FPO addresses OK) and Canada


Midwest Micro-Peripherals
  (disks, printers, modems, supplies)

  Midwest Micro-Peripherals
  6910 US Route 36 East
  Fletcher, OH  45326
  800-423-8215 (M-F 9am-7pm Eastern, 10am-4pm Sat)
  outside US:  513-368-2309
  fax: 513-368-2306
  Customer Service:  800-243-0313


Midwestern Diskette
  (disks, disk duplication, labels, custom labeled disks)

  Midwestern Diskette
  509 West Taylor
  Creston, IA  50801
  800-221-6332
  in Iowa:  800-332-3035
  outside US:  515-782-5190
  fax:  515-782-4166


Montgomery Grant
  (hardware)

  Montgomery Grant Mail Order
  PO Box 58
  Brooklyn, NY  11230
  800-759-6565
  outside US: 718-692-0790
  fax: 718-692-3372


Nick Rossi (author of NovaTerm)

  10002 Aurora Ave. N. #1159
  Seattle WA 98133
  USA

  E-Mail: Inet: Voyager@eskimo.com
          Genie: N.ROSSI
          Delphi: NICKROSSI


Parsec, Inc.
   PO Box 111
   Salem, MA 01970-0111
   USA

   Twin Cities 128 (TC128) Magazine and disk
   New owners of ARC and CS-DOS


Performance Peripherals (software and hardware)

   Performance Peripherals, Inc.
    321 Washington Avenue
      Albany, NY 12206

    Orders Only: 800-EASY-WEB
             (800-327-9932)

    Tech. Help & FAX: 518-436-0485



RIO Computers
  (hardware, nibblers, cartridges etc)

  RIO Computers
  3430 E. Tropicana Ave. #65
  Las Vegas, NV  89121
  800-782-9110 (orders only)
  702-454-7700
  fax:  702-454-7700
  Mon-Sat 8am-6pm Pacific


Schnedler Systems
  (peripherals)

  Schnedler Systems
  25 Eastwood Rd.
  PO Box 5964
  Asheville, NC  28813
  704-274-4646


Software Hut
  (hardware, repairs, refurbished
     hardware, service center)

  Software Hut
  Folcroft East Business Park
  313 Henderson Drive
  Sharon Hill
  PA 19079
  USA
  Orders:800-932-6442
  Info:215-586-5701
  FAX:215-586-5706



Software Support International
  (software)

  Software Support International
  2700 NE Andresen Rd.
  Vancouver, WA  98661
  800-356-1179
  outside US: 206-695-9648

  The Summer '95 Catalog is available on the Net as follows:

  GOPHER:  gopher.soonet.ca     THEN select the COMPUTERSMITH menu
  WEB:     gopher://gopher.soonet.ca/11%5cCOMPUTERSMITH
  E-Mail Server:

        AdventureGames@compsmth.soonet.ca           (aprox.  30K reply)
        AdultProgramming@compsmth.soonet.ca         (aprox.   6K reply)
        ArcadeGames@compsmth.soonet.ca              (aprox. 121K reply)
        FantsyRolePlay@compsmth.soonet.ca           (aprox.  20K reply)
        StrategyBoardCard@compsmth.soonet.ca        (aprox.  22K reply)
        EducationPrograms@compsmth.soonet.ca        (aprox.  24K reply)
        FlightSimulation@compsmth.soonet.ca         (aprox.   9K reply)
        SportSimulation@compsmth.soonet.ca          (aprox.  27K reply)
        WarSimulation@compsmth.soonet.ca            (aprox.  14K reply)
        ProductivityMisc@compsmth.soonet.ca         (aprox.  71K reply)


SOGWAP Software
  (Big Blue Reader & Bible Search)

  SOGWAP Software
  115 Bellmont Rd.
  Decatur, IN  46733
  219-724-3900


TPUG (Toronto PET Users' Group)
  (Software for all Commodore computers)

  The Toronto PET Users Group
  3605 Lakeshore Blvd West, Box 48565
  Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M5W 4Y6
  (416)253-9637 gets you an answering machine where you can leave a message.
  (905) 273-6300 gets you one of the TPUG bulletin boards.


Tenex Computer Express

  Tenex is no longer in business for mail order.


Utilities Unlimited
  (software, chips & cartridges)

  Utilities Unlimited
  PO Box 532
  North Plains, OR  97133
  503-647-5611



-------------------------------------------------------------------
The following listings are from DieHard Magazine and represent
independent repair companies and software houses:

Capestany Computer Repair
P.O. Box 2802
Titusville, FL  32781
(407) 267-4222

Yanney Software
P.O. Box 224
Lebanon, PA  17042

Rolfe Wagner
134 Rd 2390
Aztec, NM  87410

MNEMONIC Productions, Inc.
365 Smith Street
Freeport, NY  11520

Dale Sidebottom
1001 Estate Circle
Georgetown, IN  47122

Basic Fundamentals Company
2235 East Marie Avenue
Salt Lake City, UT  84109

PHD Software Systems
P.O. Box 23
Moville, IA  51039-0023
(712) 873-3463
Karma 128 - 8502 Macro Assembler.  The one which Ed Bell recommends!
RES 80128 - SYSRES clone for the 128-Basic 7 source code editor
ACK 128 - 80 column disk/ram/reu editor with DOS shell
Spray Paint 128
RAM DOS Internals (book)
FONTIGUS 128 - 80 column font and character editor



***************************************************************
The following are German vendors who ship throughout Europe and may
ship to the USA as well.

Perphormance Peripherals Europe
M. Renz, Holzweg 12
53332 Bornheim
(RamDrive, BBG, BBU, GeoCanvas 3.0, GeoShell, New Horizon Software & more)

T. Hermann
C.-Rust-Str. 7
81243 Muenchen
(Geos LQ = Perfect Print LQ, Textprint V3, Storm Disk & more)

plus Electronic GmbH
PF 100263
30918 Seelze
(CMD-Hardware, Mouse 1351, Geos-LQ, Userport-Expander, Action Replay
Cartridge & much more, software & hardware)

GUSS
D. Doehler
Gorkistr. 18
04347 Leipzig
(GeoCom = Geos-Compiler, MakroForm, Best-Of-Collection & more
GEOS-software)

MasterMMSoft
A. Matting
Singerstr. 11
01257 Dresden
(large selection of public-domain-software & shareware, Geos-software)

Muekra Datentechnik
Schoeneberger Str. 5
12103 Berlin
(Action Replay MK VI & more)

Markt&Technik Buch- und Software-Verlag GmbH
Hans-Pinsel-Str. 9b
85540 Haar
(GEOS 2.5, more GEOS-software (official GEOS-distributor), books)

Scanntronik Mugrauer GmbH
Parkstr. 38
85604 Zorneding-Poering
(Pagefox, Printfox, Videofox, Genlock, Handyscanner, Videotext Decoder &
more)

At least in my exchange, you can dial much faster
with the automodem than is given in its manual.
(about 8 times)  I speeded up the dialing in Vidtex 4.0a,
by 4 times, and I have no trouble with the results.
Here are the changes I made.  All values are hex.
$1f3c: $0c -> $03
$1f49: $0c -> $03
$1f70: $04 -> $01
$1f91: $3c -> $0f
$1f9e: $28 -> $0a
$1fa7: $02 -> $01
$1fb0: $10 -> $04


C          VIDDIAL INSTRUCTIONS
                   By
            Steve $ Shubitz
              [75125,233]

Here is a procedure to create a autolog
file for Vidtex and a Hayes modem or
it's manny clones. The purpose of this
file is to continually redial a number
untill you are connected. It may be
used with CIS or any Board where you
frequently encounter a busy number. It
is not for the CBM 1650 Modem. It is
rather crude but it works.

Please note that where you see a "*" it
stands for the "English Pounds" key and
where you see a "<-" it stands for the
Left Arrow key.


Meta I   viddial      [Call this file
anything you want or vidtex auto, lets
call it viddial]


Prompt      *         [Remember that's
the English Pounds key you just
entered]


Responce  ATS7=15     [Sets time before
your modem hangs up which you may have
to experament with]


Prompt     OK         [Your modem sends
this]


Responce  ATDT7398906 [This is the
number you wish to dial]


Prompt     NO CARRIER [Your modem sends
this]


Responce   A/         [Tells your modem
to redial 7398906]


**  At this point repeat the last entry
for Prompt and Responce ten times o	so.  **


Prompt      *         [Remember that's
the English Pounds key you just
entered]


Responce   <-viddial  [Remember that's
the Left Arrow key you just entered]


Prompt      *


Responce    *


** You are finished. Turn up the volume
on your modem and sit near it. When you
hear the carrier just do a Meta A and
you are connected. **
INTRODUCTION:

First we would like to suggest that you create a GEOS CONVERT Work Disk from  
one of your GEOS Backup Work Disks and include on this GEOS disk at least
DESK TOP, geoPaint and possibly the geoWrite Application files.

You will be able to upload and download directly from and to this GEOS CONVERT
Work Disk using VIDTEX4.2.


PURPOSE of the GEOS CONVERT program/ICON:

Files in the GEOS format cannot be uploaded or downloaded to CompuServe or
other Telecommunications Networks.  They must first be converted to a C64
SEQuential file with the GEOS CONVERT program.  While it is easy to transfer
these SEQuential files with Vidtex, it is extraordinarily difficult with some
other terminal programs.  We have therefore chosen to ARChive all converted
GEOS files in our LIBrary.  While this will require an extra step on your
part, it will have the benefit of making the files smaller, and thus quicker
to download.  Brief instructions on using ARC are included at the end of this
file.  If you require further help, leave a message addressed to SYSOP.

Members can now use CONVERT to transfer their own or known "Public Domain"
input devices, printer drivers, geoPaint graphics, text created with
geoWrite, or GEOS programs.  Also you can transfer Font files but ONLY if
they are your own "custom designed" Font files.

Since everyone has GEOS to begin with there is no reason to upload Berkeley's
distributed printer drivers, etc.  And, naturally, you cannot upload any of
Berkeley's copyrighted programs.


DOWNLOADing the GEOS CONVERT file named  CONVRT.IMG  in DL 13 using VIDTEX4.2
            directly to your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk.

Insert your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk.

At the DL 13 ! Access prompt, enter --

     bro convrt.img

After the DESCription displays, select to DOWnload this file.  When VIDTEX4.2
asks for a filename for your computer, enter --

     convrt.arc

     VIDTEX4.2 will proceed to automatically download  convrt.img  as a 
PRoGram type file to your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk.  When this download is 
completed, log off and follow the following instructions.


CONVERTing the C64 CONVERT program itself to a GEOS Application program/ICON:

This is a one-time procedure only.  You now have downloaded the  convrt.img
file to your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk and it must be converted to a GEOS
Application program/ICON so that you can in turn use it to convert other files
for uploading and downloading in DL 13.

 1.  Extract the CONVERT file from convrt.arc.  See the end of this file
for brief instructions on this.

 2.  Boot GEOS (load"geos",8,1) and close your original GEOS "key disk."

 3.  Insert your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk and Open this disk.

 4.  You will now see your extracted  CONVERT  file as a C64 ICON named 
     CONVERT.

 5.  Double click on this  C64 CONVERT ICON.

     This double click will automatically convert itself into a GEOS
     Application ICON.

     This automatic conversion will dump you to the Basic screen after
     it completes converting itself.

 6.  Boot GEOS again from your GEOS "key disk" and close it.

 7.  Insert your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk and open it.

 8.  You should now see a  GEOS CONVERT ICON (with a double-pointed arrow).

     If you find this GEOS CONVERT ICON is not present, then something went
     wrong with your download.  You will need to download the  convrt.img
     file again or leave a message to  Sysop  in Subtopic 13 and we will
     answer you quickly.  This  convrt.img  file is a very short file so
     it won't take long to download it again and start over.  Since ARC
     checks file integrity while extracting, this should be a very rare
     occurence.

 9.  This GEOS CONVERT ICON will now work like any GEOS Application through
     the pull down menus at the top of the screen.


DOWNLOADING GEOS SEQuential files from DL 13 - The GEOS Connection:

 1.  Insert your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk.  You will download to this disk.

 2.  Select the file you want to download with VIDTEX4.2.

 3.  Then choose the  DOWnload  option from the Disposition prompt that
     follows the DEScription after the BROwse command or, if you know the
     filename already, enter --

          dow filnam.IMG
     or
          dow filnam.BIN

 4.  When VIDTEX4.2 asks for a filename for your computer, enter the name
     you want for the file on your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk.  Be sure to add
     the  ,p  to your filename for any .BIN files, since you must force
     Vidtex to download these ARC or SDA files as PRoGram files.

 5.  This completes your VIDTEX4.2 downloading for this GEOS SEQuential file.

 6.  When you log off from CompuServe you will need to extract the component
     files and then follow the instructions below under
     "USING the CONVERT GEOS program/ICON:" to convert this C64 file to a GEOS
     File.


UPLOADING GEOS SEQuential files to DL 13 - The GEOS Connection:

 1.  Insert your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk.  You will upload from this disk.

 2.  You will have already CONVERTed the GEOS file you want to upload to a
     C64 SEQuential file with the GEOS CONVERT program (see instructions
     below) on your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk.

 3.  Then at the  DL 13 ! Access prompt, enter --

          upl filnam.img

     This is your C64 CONVERTed GEOS file on your GEOS CONVERT  Work Disk.

 4.  When VIDTEX4.2 asks for a filename for your computer, enter the name
     of your C64 file in UPPER/case letters as it is on your GEOS CONVERT
     Work Disk.

 5.  VIDTEX4.2  will upload this file automatically with the correct file
     type so that it can be downloaded properly by our Members.

 6.  This completes your VIDTEX4.2 uploading on your GEOS file.

 7.  Next you must enter your file's brief DEScription and then the
     KEYWORDS.

     Always be certain to include in your KEYWORDs and DEScription the type
     of file you have uploaded - e.g. geoPaint, geoWrite, etc.
     It would be a help to also list the GEOS name you used when you created
     your original file because when it has been downloaded and CONVERTed
     from a C64 SEQuential GEOS file it will carry your creation name for
     the GEOS ICON on the Members' GEOS Work Disk.

     Another bit of information to include in your KEYWORDs is the GEOS 
     Version number you used when creating your file -- just entering  V1.2 
     or V1.3, etc. will be sufficient.


USING the  CONVERT  GEOS program/ICON:

 1.  Boot GEOS from your original GEOS "key disk" and close it.

 2.  Insert your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk and open it.

 3.  Double click on the GEOS CONVERT ICON.

 4.  The upper left-hand corner will display two boxes:

     file
     convert

 5.  Click on  "convert."

 6.  Two options will be displayed:

     GEOS to Commodore SEQ file  (for Uploading  files from GEOS Work Disk)

     SEQ back to GEOS file       (for Downloaded files  on  GEOS Work Disk)

 7.  Converting C64 GEOS SEQuential files downloaded from DL 13:

     a.  Click on "SEQ back to GEOS file."

     b.  A box will be displayed listing all of the C64 SEQuential files
         on this GEOS CONVERT Work Disk.

         Click on the name to CONVERT and then click on  OPEN.

     c.  The file will be converted to a GEOS file/ICON and a box will be
         displayed in the center of your screen stating "Converting..."

     d.  When completed, click on "file" in the upper left-hand corner and
         then click on "quit."

         This will take you back to  DESK TOP.

     e.  Your C64  SEQuential downloaded ICON will now display as a GEOS
         ICON for the appropriate applicaion.  The original C64 ICON for
         this converted file will be gone.

     f.  Now you can use this GEOS ICON as a GEOS file.  For example, if
         you downloaded a geoPaint graphics file it can be displayed by
         double clicking on  geoPaint  and clicking on its name or just
         double clicking on the individual GEOS Graphics ICON will display
         it (provided the  geoPaint  Application is on this GEOS Work Disk).

 8.  Converting GEOS files to C64 SEQuential files for uploading to DL 13:

     a.  Click on "GEOS to Commodore SEQ file."

     b.  A box will be displayed asking for the type of GEOS file to convert:

         Application Data File
         Print Driver
         Input Driver
         Basic Program
         Assembly Program
         Data File

     c.  Click on "Application Data File" for  geoPaint  and  geoWrite  GEOS
         files or the appropriate type.

     d.  Next the GEOS filenames for that type will be displayed.

     e.  Click on the filename to convert and then click on  OPEN.

     f.  After the conversion is complete, click on  "file"  in the upper
         left-hand corner and then click on "quit."

         This will take you back to  DESK TOP.

     g.  Your  GEOS ICON for this file will be replaced by a C64 SEQuential
         ICON and the GEOS ICON will be gone.

     h.  This C64 SEQuential ICON filename on your GEOS CONVERT Work Disk  
         will be the filename you use when uploading with VIDTEX4.2 to  
         CBMART's  DL 13.  In order to allow Vidtex to access this file,
         it must be renamed now to all UPPER/case.  This corresponds to all
         lower/case in normal C64.  It is much easier to perform this renaming
         from within GEOS.  Remember to use a six-character DL filname with
         and extension of  .img

     i.  You may now process the file into an ARC or SDA file if you wish.  If
         you prefer, the Sysops will be happy to do this step for you, although
         this may delay us making the file available to all our members by a
         day or two.  If you require assistance in building an ARC or SDA file,
         leave a message addresed to SYSOP.



CONCLUSION:

Data Library 13  named  "The GEOS Connection"  is now ready for CBMART Members
to share their own or known "Public Domain" GEOS CONVERTed SEQuential Files.

There are just a few test files currently present in DL 13 plus the main
GEOS CONVERT Programs, a necessary Utility and Documentation file for XMODEM
Users and the Documentation files for VIDTEX and XMODEM:

     convrt.img  for  VIDTEX Users

     convrt.bin  for  XMODEM Users

     vidgeo.doc  for  VIDTEX Users

     xmogeo.doc  for  XMODEM Users

     binimg.bin  for  XMODEM Users

     binimg.doc  for  XMODEM Users

It took the Sysops a bit of time to finally get the Berkeley CONVERT Program
uploaded and tested for both VIDTEX and XMODEM Protocols.  The Berkeley
Softworks CONVERT Program has been uploaded here on CompuServe's  CBMART  
Forum  with Berkeley Softworks' permission.

If you have problems at first, please don't get discouraged.  Just leave a
message to  Sysop  in  The GEOS Connection  Subtopic 13  and we will answer
you back as quickly as possible.

Remember the time you spend Uploading to the Data Libraries is not charged 
to your CompuServe account, so we hope you will all share and make this
GEOS Connection  DL a successful one so we all may enjoy it.  Thank you
all very much and good luck.

          Sincerely,
          Sysop/Betty Knight
          Ed Flinn/Sysop

Date:  12/18/88  01:06  EST




+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++



A short course on de-arcing files:

1.  Download ARC230.BIN from LIB1 as a PRG type file.
      If using VIDTEX, download as ARC230,P.
2.  Any arced file to be un-arced must have an '.arc' extension in its
    filename on your disk and be a PRG type file.
3.  Disable or remove any FastLoad type cartridges.
4.  Load and Run ARC230.BIN.  Screen will turn black; characters white;
    READY prompt will return.
5.  Put disk with arc file in drive.
6.  Insure that there is plenty of room on disk to accommodate un-arced files.
7.  Issue command to un-arc: arc/x filename[.arc].
   '.arc' is optional in command syntax but must be in the filename on disk.
8.  ARC230 now un-arcs your arced file.
9.  That's it.

-steve




General overview of viruses. From a file on PunterNet:

Msg #  : 2285 of 2977 - Ref 9163
From   : DAVID WILLIAMS (+102)
To     : ALL (MIKE FELLHAUER)
Rec'd  : 0048h on 14-Oct-89 * TNSS
Subject: viruses

Base   : Where's The Beef???
Node   : Toronto, ONT

Mailed : 0924h on 12-Oct-89 * RBRADLEY

The first thing to realize about
viruses is that they are created by
anti-social, but extremely clever,
programmers. For this reason, all
generalities about them are suspect.
Whatever may be true about all viruses
that have appeared up to now may be
untrue about one that may appear
tomorrow. Some warped genius may think
up a new way to circumvent whatever
precautions other people may have
invented. 

The general characteristics of viruses
are that they are self-replicating
modifications to the operating systems
of computers. This means that they are
essentially restricted to types of
computer in which the operating system
is capable of being modified. Most of
the older Commodore machines, including
the 64 and 128, have their operating
systems in ROM, and so are immune to
viruses. (Disk-loaded Geos systems are
exceptions. Viruses CAN attack them.)
But the Amigas, along with many
machines from other manufacturers, have
their operating systems stored on disk,
and loaded into RAM when the machine is
powered up. These are susceptible to
viruses.

A virus can "infect" a machine whenever
anything is loaded into its memory that
has come from another computer. A
program borrowed from a "friend", a
file downloaded from a BBS, a program
from a User Group can all carry
viruses. There have even been cases of
commercial, store-bought software being
infected, but these are very rare.
Commercial software makers don't want
their reputations to suffer because of
incidents like this, so they try very
hard to make sure that their products
are clean - which basically means that
their own computers are free of
viruses. The fact that there have been
a few failures, in which even these
experts have been unable to spot a
virus, shows how difficult this can be.

The first thing a virus does when it
infects a machine is to set up ways of
replicating itself. It copies itself on
to all the disks that are used with
that machine, so it will be put into
memory whenever the operating system is
loaded - no matter from what disk. It
also sets up ways of infecting other
machines, which may involve copying
itself on to other files which are
likely to be transferred to other
computers.

In theory, this may be all that a virus
does. It may just replicate itself, and
be completely harmless. In fact, it
might even be beneficial. It could fix
a bug in the original operating system,
for example. But the nasty humanoids
who create these things rarely do so
out of a desire to be helpful. They get
their jollies by causing distress to
other people. So virtually all viruses
contain code that can cause havoc. For
example, it may erase all data from
disks.

Usually, there is a delay built in. The
creator of the virus wants it to be
replicated many times before it is
detected, so he arranges for it not to
do anything obviously destructive until
some time in the future. For example,
the virus that is supposed to "go off"
in IBM-type computers today (Friday,
October 13) was probably written a
couple of years ago. It contains code
that checks the computer's built-in
calendar. On dates prior to today's, it
did no more. From now on, it is set to
cause destruction.

It is extremely difficult to detect a
virus that may be residing in a
computer, but that has not yet caused
any severe effects. You should be
suspicious if a file seems to be longer
than you expect. This may mean that it
contains the additional coding of a
virus. Also, if the computer seems to
be working slower than it should, you
should suspect that a virus may be
slowing it down. (Checking the
calendar, for example, takes time, so
the machine works more slowly.)

There are many programs that look for
viruses. They check the lengths of
known files, measure machine speeds,
look at the operating system in memory
to see if there are any recognizable
changes, and so on. These programs
certainly offer some protection. But
they can't be perfect. For example, a
virus can modify the anti-virus program
so as to render it ineffective. Just as
the AIDS virus destroys the human
immune system, a computer virus can
destroy whatever program is supposed to
protect the infected computer.

Really, there is no way of being
completely safe from viruses, just as
there is no way of being completely
safe from traffic accidents. All we can
do is to try to reduce the probability
of being affected too badly. For
example, we can make a policy of
getting software only from reputable
sources. And we can make lots of
backups of important disk files, so
that if one copy is destroyed by a
virus other copies will still exist.
(Using these backups requires care. The
virus must first be somehow removed or
made harmless. Otherwise, it will erase
the backups too. Experts may have to be
called in.)

And, if the worst happens and massive
destruction occurs, all we can do is
try to take comfort from the fact that
many other people are almost certainly
in the same boat. Like the victims of a
hurricane, we can have a party!

dow

-----

The above file was buffered on The New Stelex Sector BBS in Toronto, Canada
in December 1996. For more virus info check your local bulletin boards and
such USENET echoes as "comp.virus"

TNSS, on-line since 1984, is one of the oldest Commodore bulletin boards
in North America. See also the files PUNTER.TXT in Library 14 and PUNTER3.GIF
in Library 1 of the CBMAPP Forum on CIS.

TNSS Box 6238, Station "A", Toronto, Canada M5W 1P6
1/30/84
T. J. McGinty

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE PRINT-20
DRIVER WITH THE AUTOPRINT MODEM

The AutoPrint Microconnection has
provision for connecting a Centronics
compatible parallel printer.  The
following program allows the printer
busy line to "handshake" the VIC-20.
This will prevent printer overruns and
dropped characters.  To use the program,
follow this procedure.

1. Load the program.
2. RUN the program.  As the program runs
it pokes a Machine Language routine into
the top of RAM for an unexpanded VIC.
It then protects itself from BASIC by
lowering the top of memory pointers.
3. Type NEW, then load the program you
want to list on the printer.
4. Type the following line in direct
mode: POKE 781,X:SYS 7392:LIST
  X=tha code for baud rate according to
  the following table:

  Baud Rate Table                            0=110
     1=150
     2=300
     3=600
     4=1200
     5=2400
     6=4800
     7=9600

Your program will be listed on the
printer.  If you are dumping a printout
through the Autoprint Modem, be sure the
right-hand switch is in the OUT (VOICE)
position.  You should select 1200 baud
(4) in this case.

If no baud 	te is poked into 781, or if
the number poked is not in the range
shown in the table, the program will
default to 110 baud.  To deactivate the
print routine, type SYS7457.

Once activated, the routine will send
all screen output to the printer.  The
program may be activated and deactivated
from within a BASIC program by using the
same POKE and SYS commands.

As written, "Print 20" looks for the
printer's handshake (BUSY) line to go
low before allowing printing to take
place.  If you need to change the
pola	ty of this line to be compatible
with your printer, it is only necessary
to change two elements in line 390.

In line 390, the sixth element is B0.,
and the ninth element is 90.  Swap these
entries, so the 6th element is 90 and
the 9th is B0.  Then RUN the program.
Printout will now take place when the
BUSY line is high and will not print
when the BUSY line is low.

This program has been provided by The
Microperipheral Corp. and is in the
public domain.
   INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING:
        VKYDOW.SEQ
        VKYTOK.SEQ
      AND OTHER VKY???.* FILES


   20   REM THESE TWO PROGRAMS WILL TAKE A BASIC PROGRAM LISTING
   30   REM (IE ONE THAT LOOKS LIKE THIS PROGRAM) AND WILL COPY
   40   REM IT ONTO THE DATASETTE RECORDER AS DATA. THE TOKEN PROGRAM
   50   REM WILL TAKE THE DATA FROM THE VIC20 DATASETTE RECORDER AND
   60   REM CONVERT THE DATA TO A PROGRAM (INSIDE THE VIC20).
   70   NREM FOR THE DWNLOD PROGRAM::: THE FUNCTION KEYS PERFORM AS
   80   REM FOLLOWS- F1:CONTROL C     F3:CONTROL P     F5 CONTROL Q
   90   REM F7:CONTROL S       F6:START SAVING EVERYTHING ONTO THE
  100   REM DATASETTE RECORDER.    F8:STOP SAVING ON DATASETTE.
  110   REM THE TOKEN PROGRAM WORKS AS FOLLOWS---
  120   REM IT WILL LOOK FOR THE DATA THAT WAS SAVED ON THE
  130   REM DATASETTE RECORDER.IT WILL THEN PRINT EACH LINE ON THE
  140   REM SCREEN. AFTER PRINTING EACH LINE,
  150   REM IT WILL ASK YOU IF YOU WANT TO SAVE
  160   REM IT OR SKIP OVER IT.THAT WAY ANY GARBELED LINES YOU
  170   REM CAN SKIP AND ENTER THEM YOURSELF LATER
  180   REM BASICALLY, ANY LINE IS ENTERED,AND GARBAGE(LIKE MISC
  190   REM CARRIAGE RETURNS,PHONELINE GARBAGE,ETC.)CAN BE ELIMINATED
  200   AFTER TOKEN HAS LOADED ALL OF PROGRAM/DATA FROM THE RECORDER
  210   REM IT WILL THEN ERASE ITSELF,LEAVING ONLY THE CONVERTED
  220   REM PROGRAM IN THE VIC20:(IE-MAKE SURE YOU MADE COPIES BEFORE
  230   MEM YOU RUN IT SINCE IT WILL ERASE ITSELF
  240   REM A NOTE TO THOSE WHO USE THIS PROGRAM. IF YOU LIKE IT,
  250   REM OR EVEN IF YOU DON'T, I WOULD LIKE TO HEAR YOUR COMMENTS
  260   REM THESE PROGRAMS WERE WRITTEN AND TESTED ON AN UNEXPANDED
  270   REM VIC20.THE ONLY TIME I USED ANY EXPANSION WAS FOR THE
  280   REM UPLOADING PROGRAM I WROTE TO UPLOAD THESE 3 PROGRAMS
***************************************


 this is a list of many different items. you should find most of them useful.

 1. for better operation of dwnlod.vky :
    a. change line 330 to 
      'a=f%(asc(a$)):printk$;chr$(a);:ifa=ethenpokey,d'
    b. change line 340 to
       'ifmthenprint#1,chr$(a);:ifpeek(t)=>lthen500'
    c. change line 430 to
       'i=peek(t):print#1,chr$(31);:ifpeek(t)>ithen430'
    d. basically,you are  changing from < a=asc(a$) >
       to  a=f%(asc(a$)) >,changing from
       < chr$(f%(a)) > to < chr$(a) > and 
       changing from < chr$(10) > to < chr$(31) >
 2.there are basically 2 types of programs
   in the database.sequential and program. if
   it has 'img' after the program name, then
   it's a program file. when you use the 'read'
    command, if what you see looks like a program,
    (ie,looks like what you see when you type 'list' on your computer),
    then it is a sequential file,and can be downloaded by my program.if what 
    you see looks like gibberish,then you cannot 
   download it with my program (ie,it has 'img'
   after the program name).my program will only
   download sequential files (ie they look like a regular program
   listing).to download the other types,(ie
   program files,having 'img' extension),you
   need a program that uses compuserves protocols.
 3. method of downloading a file,program listing,
   data,messages,etc. with my 'dwnlod.vky program
    a. use 'read' command and see if it looks
       like a regular program listing. if it doesn't,
       my program won't download it.
    b. use the 'READ' command again, but do not-
       repeat, donnot push the return key.
    c. while hlding the shift key,push the f5
       function key(it's actually the f6 key since
       you pushed the shift).now you have activated
       the downloading function.
    d. now push the 'return' key so that the 'typ'
       command will be executed.
    e. you will notice that while the 'typ' is being executed,
       (ie the program listing is being listed on
       the screen),it keeps stopping every 7 to 15
       seconds.that's because the vic is saving it
       on the datasette recorder.
    f. when the screen is done listing,you will
       recieve the 'sig/acess:' prompt. at this time,
       push f8 (hold the shift and push f7 function key).
       this will deactivate the download function.
    g. if there is another program,file,message,
       or whatever that you want to download,just
       start againg at instruction a (using the
      'read' command).
    h. you can save continously as much as you
       want up to the end of the casette tape.
       (and even more if you turn the tape over).
 4. what you see on the screen is exactly what will be
    downloaded by my program.you can download
    messages from bulletin boards, etc.
    since you download what you see,special
    control cods [ie print quote clear/home endquote]
    won't work.this is why my programs are
    written using the 'chr$(xx)' commands to 
    replace the special vic20 control codes
    (like the 'clear screen','reverse video','change 
    character color',etc.
 6. after having been told by c64 owners that my programs
    work on their machines,i bought the c64 
    programmers reference manual.since all the
    memory locations (that i used)are the same
    in the c64 as they are in the vic20,i have
   change my original opinion (that they 
   wouldn't work in the c64).looks like they
   do work ok in both machines.if anybody has
   any opinions,comments,or additional info,
   it will be appreciated.
 7. if you downloaded messages,there is a program
    to allow you to just read back onto the 
    screen what you downloaded. the program name
    is 'seedld.vky'.it should be on the 
    database within a day or two of this.
 8. if you have a lot of lines,screen interference,etc.
    on your screen from the vic20,here's an easy
    method i used to eliminate about 95% of it.
    take the video cord that comes out of the
    vic20(and goes to the modulator box),
   and wrap it around your hand about 4 or 5 times
   (ie a circle of about 3 inch diameter of
    about 5 turns).i then taped this together
   to hold the loops together.since this shortened
   the cord to the tv,i used an eight foot audio
   cable to connect to the tv.if the audio
   cable lay in front of the tv,i still got some
   interference,so i moved the cable to the
   side of the tv.now it looksvery good.
 9. there is another program for uploading
    that i wrote.basically,it downloads the 
    same as my downloading program,but it will
    also upload.that one needs additional 
    memory to work though (i'm working on
    an upload program for the enexpanded vic20 now).
    the uplod program uploads a line of text in about
    4 seconds. i'm using the upload program
    to enter all this into the vic20 (with 16k expander)
    before i sign onto compuserve. 
   there are a couple of minor bugs in it which i'll fix in
   another 'errata' file later).
   the uplod program has a couple of lines that
   need to be changed if your expansion is other
   then 16k,but that should be covered in the
   instructions that come with the upload
   program.again, any comments,questions,opinions,
   etc. are appreciated.(although it may take
   me several days to get back to you)


   terry [73465,1635]
***************************************

THIS IS A LIST OF THE MOST COMMON PROBLEMS AND QUESTIONS FROM
USERS.

Q1. I CAN'T GET THE PROGRAM TO WORK. WHAT SHOULD I DO?

A1. I DON'T KNOW BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW WHAT YOUR PROBLEM IS.
FOR ME TO MAKE AN EDUCATED GUESS AS TO WHAT IS CAUSING YOUR
PROBLEM AND WHAT THINGS TO CHECK, I WOULD NEED MORE INFORMATION.
DOES YOUR SCREEN SAY 'READY'? DOES THE LIGHT ON YOUR MODEM
LIGHT UP (TO INDICATE THAT YOU HAVE DETECTED A COMPUTER) AT
THE PHONE NUMBER THAT YOU DIALED? ARE YOU ABLE TO GET ANY
PRINTING ON YOUR SCREEN? DO YOU ONLY HAVE A PROBLEM WHEN YOU
ARE TRYING TO DOWNLOAD? DO YOU HAVE ANYTHING OTHER THEN A
DATASETTE,1541 DISK DRIVE,OR 1525 PRINTER HOOKED UP TO YOUR
COMPUTER? IF YOU ARE NOT USING A VIC20, WHAT KIND OF COMPUTER
IS IT? DO YOU RECIEVE ANY PRINTED ERROR MESSAGES ON THE SCREEN?
(EXAMPLE-SYNTAX ERROR,SUBSCRIPT OUT OF RANGE,DEVICE NOT PRESENT,
TYPE MISMATCH,ETC.). IF YOU RECIEVED AN ERROR MESSAGE,WHAT LINE
NUMBER DID IT PRINT THAT THE ERROR WAS ON (THAT'S VERY IMPORTANT).
IS THE PROBLEM LATER ON WHEN YOU TRY USING ONE OF THE OTHER
PROGRAMS (LIKE TOKEN.VKY ETC.)? 
*** IF YOU DON'T GIVE ME ENOUGH INFORMATION I CAN'T REALLY
HAVE ANY IDEA WHAT YOUR PROBLEM ACTUALLY IS RELEVANT
THAT YOU CAN THINK OF.(YOU CAN'T TELL ME TO MUCH)


Q2. I KEEP GETTING 'SYNTAX ERROR IN 340' WHEN USING 'DWNLOD.VKY'
ON MY UNEXPANDED VIC20.

A2. THIS APPEARS TO BE ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PROBLEMS.
IT SEEMS THAT A NUMBER OF PEOPLE USE '?' AS AN ABBREVIATION FOR
'PRINT' WHEN TYPING IN PROGRAMS. WHILE '?' IS AN ABBREVIATION
FOR 'PRINT', IT IS NOT (REPEAT NOT) AN ABBREVIATION FOR 'PRINT#'.
FREQUENTLY WHEN THIS HAPPENS,PEOPLE THINK THAT THE ERROR IS IN
THE PART OF THE LINE WHICH SAYS 'IFMTHEN'. MOST PEOPLE ARE
USED TO HAVING ONE OR MORE OPERATORS (IE '=' OR '<' OR '>'  )
AND THEN ANOTHER NUMBER (OR VARIABLE) FOLLOWING THE VARIABLE.
EXAMPLE- 'IFM=0THEN'
THIS IS NOT NECESSARY. IF YOU DO NOT INCLUDE ANYTHING AFTER
THE VARIABLE, THE COMPUTER TREATS IT AS THOUGH '<>0' (DOES NOT
EQUAL ZERO) FOLLOWS THE VARIABLE. 'IFMTHEN' IS IDENTICAL
TO 'IFM<>0THEN' EXCEPT THAT THE FORMER USES LESS MEMORY (VERY
IMPORTANT IF USING AN UNEXPANDED VIC) AND IT ALSO RUNS FASTER.


Q3. EVERYTHING SEEMS TO WORK OK BUT EVERYTIME I AM SAVING ONTO
CASETTE, I LOSE A COUPLE CHARACTERS, OR ELSE THEY BECOME GARBELED.

A3. THERE ARE SECTIONS IN EACH DOWNLOADING PROGRAM THAT ARE
SPECIFICALLY FOR KEEPING YOU FROM LOSING AND GETTING GARBELED
CHARACTERS (ASSUMING THAT THE PROBLEM IS NOT CAUSED BY PHONE
LINE NOISE). THESE ARE LINES 550 TO 690 IN DWNLOD.VKY
LINES 550 TO 610 AND LINE 990 IN UPLOD4.VKY
LINES 440 TO 510 IN PARTI6.VKY
I WOULD SUGGEST THAT YOU CHECK THESE LINES AGAINST WHAT IS IN
THE FILE FOR ACCURACY.


Q4. I AM RATHER NEW TO COMPUTING AND NOT SURE OF MANY THINGS.
I AM NOT SURE HOW TO USE YOUR PROGRAM TO DOWNLOAD.

A4. PLEASE LOOK AT MY OTHER FILES (VKY???.*) FOR
INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO USE THE PROGRAM. IF YOU ARE NOT SURE
WHAT DOWNLOADING OR UPLOAD MEANS,LOOK AT THE FILE 'HELP.HLP'
FOR A BRIEF EXPLANATION OF DOWNLOADING AND UPLOADING AND WHERE TO FIND MORE
ONLINE DOCUMENTATION FOR THIS SIG.


Q5. I AM NOT SURE HOW TO USE YOUR PROGRAM DWNLOD.VKY  
DO I LOAD IT BEFORE OR AFTER I LOAD (INSERT THE NAME OF YOUR
FAVORITE PROGRAM HERE).

A5. NEITHER-YOUR COMPUTER CAN ONLY RUN ONE PROGRAM AT A TIME,
NOT TWO.MY PROGRAMS ARE NOT DESIGNED TO BE ADDED ONTO (OR WITH)
ANOTHER PROGRAM THAT YOU HAVE IN YOUR COMPUTER.



Q6. IS THERE ANY WAY TO CHANGE YOUR PROGRAM(S) TO HAVE 40 COLUMNS
ON THE SCREEN? ALSO,HOW CAN I SET/CHANGE THE DEFAULT VALUES
FOR THE BAUD,PARITY,ETC.?

A6. THE ONLY WAY I KNOW OF TO GET 40 CHARACTERS PER LINE IS
THRU MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING. BASICALLY,IF YOU KNOW
HOW TO DO MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING,YOU PROBABLY WOULDN'T
EVEN ASK THE QUESTION, AND IF YOU DON'T KNOW MACHINE LANGUGE,
YOU'VE GOT QUITE A WAYS TO GO JUST TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND
HOW FORMIDABLE A TASK YOU ARE ASKING ABOUT.
AS FAR AS CHANGING THE BAUD RATE, PARITY, ETC. THAT IS COVERED
IN DETAIL IN THE VIC PROGRAMMERS REFERENCE GUIDE UNDER THE
SECTION LABELED 'RS-232 INTERFACE'. AGAIN, IF YOU ARE A
PROGRAMMER,YOU PROBABLY WOULDN'T BE ASKING THAT QUESTION
(BECAUSE YOU'D PROBABLY ALREADY HAVE THE BOOK,READ IT, AND
WOULD ALREADY KNOW ABOUT IT),AND IF YOU'RE NOT A PROGRAMMER,
THEN YOU WOULDPROBABLY MESS THINGS UP BY CHANGING
THINGS THE WRONG WAY. IT IS BEYOND MY SCOPE AT THIS POINT AND
TIME TO GIVE PROGRAMMING LESSONS. (IE. IT'S NOT A SIMPLE
MATTER). ESSENTIALLY WHAT IT BOILS DOWN TO IS IF YOU KNOW
ENOUGH PROGRAMMING TO BE ABLE TO LOOK UP THE INFORMATION IN
A BOOK TO FIND OUT HOW IT IS DONE, YOU WOULDN'T ASK
IF YOU HAVE TO ASK,THEN YOU PROBABLY WOULDN'T UNDERSTAND THE
ANSWER.(IT'S A LITTLE LIKE ASKING HOW TO BUILD A HOUSE-
IF YOU WANT TO BUILD A HOUSE AND DON'T KNOW HOW, YOU'RE GOING
TO HAVE A HARD TIME FINDING SOMEBODY TO EXPLAIN TO YOU
HOW TO DO IT. (IT'S SOMETHING THAT TAKES A WHILE TO LEARN).
(IF THIS WERE A MAGAZINE ARTICLE,THIS IS THE POINT AT WHICH
THE AUTHOR WOULD WRITE 'THAT IS BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS ARTICLE).


Q7. HOW DO I MAKE YOUR PROGRAM WORK? I AM FAIRLY NEW TO
COMPUTERS AND ALTHOUGH I HAVE READ YOUR INSTRUCTIONS, I
NEED MORE SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS.

A7. I'LL TRY TO MAKE THE INSTRUCTIONS AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE::::
AND LEAVE NOTHING OUT-THIS IS AS EXPLICIT AS I CAN BE.....
     A. TURN ON YOUR COMPUTER
     B. LOAD THE PROGRAM (EXAMPLE-   LOAD"DWNLOD"    )
     C. TYPE IN 'RUN'
     D. DIAL YOUR COMPUSERVE PHONE NUMBER
     E. WHEN THE RED LIGHT ON THE SIDE OF YOUR MODEM TURNS ON
        (TO INDICATE THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED UP TO COMPUSERVE)
        PUSH THE F1 KEY (YOU MIGHT HAVE TO PUSH IT MORE THEN ONCE) 
     G. THE SCREEN SHOULD SAY '^C' AND THEN SHOULD SAY 'USER ID:'
        (IF YOU CALL THRU TYMNET, ETC. THEY HAVE DIFFERENT LOGON
        PROCEDURES-CONSULT COMPUSERVE AS TO HOW TO LOGON THRU OTHER
        NETWORKS TO COMPUSERVE)
     H. THAT IS BASICALLY IT- YOU ESSENTIALLY USE THE SAME TYPE OF
        CONNECTION PROCEDURE YOU USED TO LOGON TO READ THIS.
     I. TO DOWNLOAD SOMETHING,YOU USE THE F5 AND THE F7 KEY TO
        TURN ON AND OFF (RESPECTIVELY) THE DOWNLOADING FUNCTIONS.
        IF YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT DOWNLOADING MEANS, THEN PLEASE LOOK
        AT THE FILE NAMED 'HELP.HLP' FOR A SIMPLE EXPLANATION
        OF WHERE THE DOWNLOADING AND UPLOADING INSTRUCTIONS ARE.


Q8. THE SOFTWARE I AM USING SUPPORTS 40 COLUMNS. HOW CAN I
USE YOUR PROGRAMS (OR PARTS OF YOUR PROGRAMS) WITH THE
SOFTWARE I AM USING TO DOWNLOAD?

A8. I DON'T KNOW. THE PROGRAMS AS WRITTEN WILL RUN AS THEY ARE.
I CANNOT TELL YOU HOW TO MODIFY A PROGRAM I HAVE NEVER BOUGHT
AND THEREFORE HAVE NEVER USED AND THEREFORE REALLY KNOW
NOTHING ABOUT.


WQ9. WHEN I USE YOUR PROGRAMS TO TRY TO SEND PROGRAMS TO A
FRIEND OVER THE TELEPHONE LINES,THEY ONLY GET THE FIRST
(BEGINNING) PART OF WHAT I SEND-EVERYTHING ELSE IS LOST.

A9. SOMEONE ASKED ME ABOUT THAT LAST YEAR AND I GAVE THEM
A MODIFICATION TO THE PROGRAM FOR THAT. (I DON'T REMEMBER
OFFHAND IF THEY GOT BACK TO ME TO LET ME KNOW IF IT WORKED).
I'LL TRY TO LOOK UP (OR REWRITE) THOSE MODIFICATIONS AGAIN
AND THEN PUT THEM IN THE DATABASE.


Q10. THE PROGRAM WORKS FINE. THE ONLY PROBLEM I HAVE IS THAT
I DON'T KNOW HOW TO MAKE IT DOWNLOAD.

A10. YOU USE THE F5 AND THE F7 FUNCTION KEYS.
----NOTE---- I RECIEVE MANY QUESTIONS SIMILAR TO THIS ONE.
THE ANSWER IS FOUND IN THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PROGRAM.
IT WOULD APPEAR AS THOUGH SOME PEOPLE COPY THE DOWNLOAD
PROGRAM TO USE, BUT NEGLECT TO LOOK AT THE INSTRUCTION FILE
THAT EXPLAINS HOW TO USE IT. REMEMBER, IF ALL ELSE FAILS,
READ THE INSTRUCTIONS. DO NOT ASSUME THAT ALL THE OTHER FILES
ARE PROGRAMS-THEY ARE NOT!!!!!!!!!
SOME ARE INSTRUCTIONS, SOME ARE TEXT FILES EXPLAINING THINGS.
WHAT I FIND "INTERESTING" IS THAT WHEN I CHECK MY FILES, IT
SEEMS THAT ABOUT TWICE AS MANY PEOPLE HAVE ACCESSED THE
PROGRAM FILE AS THE INSTRUCTIONS. THAT IMPLYS THAT ABOUT
HALF THE PEOPLE WHO READ THE PROGRAM FILE DID NOT LOOK AT
THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING IT.


Q11. IS THERE ANY WAY I CAN MODIFY YOUR PROGRAMS SO I CAN
DOWNLOAD TO DISK INSTEAD OF CASETTE?

A11. YES, BUT I'VE FOUND IT EASIER TO JUST WRITE ANOTHER
PROGRAM FOR THE DISK (WHEN YOU HAVE A DISK, YOU RARELY USE
THE CASETTE). I'VE MISPLACED MY COPY OF THAT MESSAGE (FROM
LAST YEAR) AND SO I CAN'T SEND THAT PERSON A MESSAGE BACK
THAT I NOW HAVE A PROGRAM TO DO THIS.


*********MISC. *******

I CAN ONLY ANSWER QUESTIONS REGARDING EQUIPMENT THAT I AM
FAMILAR WITH (AT THE TIME OF THAT LAST QUESTION, I DID NOT
HAVE A DISK DRIVE.) THE EQUIPMENT THAT I CURRENTLY (APRIL 1984)
HAVE IS-- VIC20,16K EXPANSION,1525 PRINTER,1541 DISK DRIVE,
DATASETTE RECORDER,1600 VICMODEM.
**********
IF THE PROGRAM YOU ARE TRYING TO USE HAS AN ERROR, PLEASE
GO BACK AND LOOK AT THE FILE AGAIN. IT'S VERY POSSIBLE THAT
WHEN YOU LOOKED AT IT THE FIRST TIME, YOU COULD HAVE GOTTEN
SOME PHONE LINE NOISE WHICH GARBELED THE PROGRAM LINE
(IE. YOU NOW HAVE AN INCORRECT LINE WITH ERROR(S) IN IT ).
COMPARE WHAT YOU HAVE TO WHAT IS ACTUALLY THERE IN THE FILE.
THIS WILL CAUSE THE PROBLEM TO SHOW UP (IF IT WAS A PHONE
LINE NOISE PROBLEM.
*******************
FOR THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED-----
I STARTED USING THE PROGRAM THAT CAME IN THE INSTRUCTION
BOOK WITH THE MODEM. AFTER FINDING OUT ABOUT DOWNLOADING,
I DECIDED TO CHANGE IT FOR DOWNLOADING-IT TOOK ABOUT SIX MONTHS
OF TRIAL AND ERROR (LITTLE THINGS I DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT) TO
GET IT TO WORK.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THOSE WHO DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY
HELPED IT GET WRITTEN IN THE FIRST PLACE (THAT I KNOW ABOUT).
JOE BROWN
NEIL HARRIS
JEFF HAND
JIM BUTTERFIELD
IF I LEFT OUT ANYBODY PLEASE FORGIVE MY LACK OF KNOWLEDGE.
THANK YOU
TERRY IMLER [73465,1635]
END OF TEXT
    5   REM REMOVE THESE REMS BEFORE RUNNING
   10   REM INSTRUCTIONS:THIS PROGRAM WILL UPLOAD AND DOWNLOAD.
   20   REM PROCEDURE:1. YOU WILL NEED A 16K EXPANDER IN THE VIC20
   25   REM BECAUSE YOU NEED MEMORY TO HOLD THIS PROGRAM PLUS MEMORY
   30   REM TO HOLD THE PROGRAM OR DATA THAT YOU WANT TO UPLOAD.
   33   REM IF YOU HAVE AN 8K EXPANDER THEN CHANGE LINE 110 FROM
   34   REM Z1%(7000)TO Z1%(3000).ALSO CHANGE LINES 700 AND 670 FROM 6999 TO 2999
   35   REM 2. THE PROGRAM WILL ASK YOU IF YOU WANT TO UPLOAD FROM
   40   REM THE KEYBOARD , A PROGRAM, OR DONE.(YOU CAN CONTINUE TO
   43   REM STORE DATA FROM KEYBOARD AND FROM TAPE UNTIL YOU ARE DONE OR MEMORY IS FULL)
   45   REM IF YOU CHOOSE FROM KEYBOARD,THEN EVERYTHING THAT YOU TYPE
   50   REM IN WILL BE PUT IN MEMORY.WHEN YOU ARE DONE TYPING, JUST
   55   REM PUSH FUNCTION F1 TO END THE KEYBOARD ENTERING OF DATA
   57   REM THE DATA WILL BE UPLOADED IN THE SAME ORDER IT WAS LOADED INTO THE VIC20
   60   REM THE VIC20 WILL THEN GO TO NUMBER 4
   65   REM 3. TO UPLOAD A PROGRAM: A. LOAD THE PROGRAM THAT YOU WANT
   70   REM (TO UPLOAD) INTO THE VIC20. B.INSERT A BLANK TAPE AN	POSITION THE
   75   REM TAPE TO THE BEGINNING. C. TYPE THE FOLLOWING 'OPEN1,1,1,"CMD":CMD1:LIST'
   80   REM D.WHEN THE FLASHING CURSOR APPEARS,TYPE IN 'PRINT#1:CLOSE1'
   83   REM YOU COULD TYPE 'LIST-100' OR 'LIST20-320' ETC. INSTEAD OF JUST LIST IF YOU
   84   REM ONLY WANT TO UPLOAD A PORTION. E. REWIND THIS TAPE (WHICH WILL NOW BE REFERRED
   85   REM TO AS TAPE #1. F.LOAD THIS PROGRAM (CALLED UPLOAD)FROM A 2ND TAPE,REINSERT THE
   90   REM 1ST TAPE(THAT YOU REWOUND AND HAS THE PROGRAM YOU WANT TO U	OAD)AND TYPE RUN
   92   REM F. THE PROGRAM YOU WANT TO UPLOAD WILL THEN BE ENTERED AS DATA INTO VIC20
   93   REM 4. TO UPLOAD,PUSH FUNCTION F2.EVERYTHING IN MEMORY WILL
   94   REM BE UPLOADED UP TO A CARRIAGE RETURN. WHENEVER YOU PUSH F2
   95   REM AGAIN, IT WILL UPLOAD THE NEXT LINE IN MEMORY UP TO
   96   REM A CARRIAGE RETURN.WHEN IT REACHES THE END OF ANY SECTION OF DATA (IE,EVERY
   97   REM PROGRAM IS A SECTION, AND EACH TIME YOU CHOOSE TO ENTER FROM KEYBOARD IS
   98   REM A SECTION), IT WILL P	NT "END OF PROGRAM". YOU CAN CONTINUE TO ADD SECTIONS
   99   REM FROM THE KEYBOARD AND FROM THE TAPE UNTIL YOU'RE DONE OR MEMORY IS FULL
  100   REM THESE ARE THE INSTRUCTIONS. THE PROGRAM IS 'UPLOD4.VKY'
Here are the syntax rules for creating a Text SEQuential PETASCII Autolog
File with any Editor that will write SEQuential PETASCII (CBM ASCII) Files
that can be input to the program in this Data Library on CBMART named:

     VTXED4.IMG

which will create a VIDTEX4.2 AUTOLOG file acceptable when using the  META-J
command in  VIDTEX4.2.

By creating your VIDTEX4.2 Autolog files with a Text Editor and saving
them, you can always recall these Text Autolog files into your Word Processor
and edit them, re-save them (even with a different name for different actions
you want to take on CompuServe), and simply run the  VTXED4.IMG  to create
a new  VIDTEX4.2 Autolog file callable with the  META-J  Command.

Syntax Rules:
:::::::::::::

 1)  Prompts and Responses MUST be in pairs.

 2)  First character of a Prompt   line MUST be the letter   p   (lower/case)

 3)  First character of a Response line MUST be the letter   r   (lower/case)

 4)  A  dollar sign  ($)  represents an  ESCAPE  <ESC>

 5)  ONE  up-arrow   (^)  represents the  CONTROL Key  (CTRL Key)

 6)  ONE  left-arrow (_)  represents the  META Key  (COMMODORE Key)

 7)  A prompt line that is to contain nothing (like the Initial prompt to logon
     to CompuServe) should be:     p<CR>

 8)  The last Pair of prompts and responses for the Text Autolog file MUST be:

          p<CR>
          r<CR>

*******************************************************************************

Here is an example of a Text Autolog File for VIDTEX4.2 that I created with the 
TXEDIT.IMG file here in LIBrary 1  (LIB 1)  on  CBMART.

NOTE:  When saving the Text file if you are using the TXEDIT.IMG program, answer
       "no"  to the question -- "do you want an ASCII translation."
       The Text SEQuential Autolog File for input to the  VTXED4.IMG file
       must in  PETASCII  (or CBM ASCII).

This Text Autolog File will automatically set your 1670 modem to be set to
1200 Baud (after you have corrected the BASIC part of VIDTEX4.2 to be set
for an  RS232 Type Modem (line 9 with a poke value of 1 for RS232 -- see
the file   vx1670.hlp  and   vxalog.hlp  in CBMART's Data Library 1), auto-
dial your CompuServe number, log you on, open your "capture buffer" and 
end up with you on the CBMART  Forum with a    g cbmart.

*******************************************************************************

Text Autolog Sample:
::::::::::::::::::::

p<CR>                (initial prompt)
r_q20^m^m<CR>        (set 1670 Modem to 1200 Baud)
p<CR>
r_&ATDT 2417023<CR>  (pause and dial up CompuServe number)
pconnect<CR>
r_%^c$<CR>           (pause and send CompuServe a CTRL-C)
pid:<CR>
r_1$<CR>             (assumes your PPN or ID# is defined as Function Key 1)
pword:<CR>
r_2$<CR>             (assumes your Password   is defined as Function Key 2)
p<CR>
r_o$<CR>             (activates  META-O command to Open your Capture Buffer)
p!<CR>               (initial CompuServe prompt if you are set up for this)
rg cbmart<CR>        (go cbmart forum)
p<CR>                (final prompt)
r<CR>                (final response)

*******************************************************************************
This program was written in BASIC so that Users could modify it to their own 
specifications.  I would appreciate comments and would be interested to 
incorporate your modifications in this version.  I hope to hear from some of 
you and hope that this will make it easier to create and change your VIDTEX4.2 
Autolog Files.

After you have created a VIDTEX4.2 Text Autolog file, run  VTXED4.IMG and
try it with the  VIDTEX4.2  META-J  command; if there are problems then just
edit your Text Autolog file, run  VTXED4.IMG again and use  META-J  again.
It will work because I have used this procedure often.

Again thanks to my friend for sharing this program and working with me on it.

          Enjoy your VIDTEX4.2 and the  CBMART  Forum!

               Sincerely,
               Sysop/Betty Knight

Date:  12/25/88


 Special Note for "EasyScript" editor users: --

#: 17246 S1/Help/Data Lib Tools
    19-Dec-88  00:26:08
Sb: #Vixed4.img
Fm: John Little 72606,1636
To: SYSOP/Betty Knight (X)

Happy Holidays to you and the other SYSOP's. I've been meaning to thank you and
your friend for VTXED4.IMG It works perfect.  I did make one change to it. I
use EasyScript and it won't let you use the left arrow key so I use the english
pound key and added a line to VTXED4.IMG that changes that to the left arrow.

             Happy Holidays
             John Little




#: 18054 S1/Help/Data Lib Tools
    07-Feb-89  17:35:02
Sb: Vidtex Autolog
Fm: Michael Finckbone 73267,1177
To: Sysop/Betty Knight 76703,4037 (X)

Betty:
  I enjoyed your files for Vidtex Auto Log creation.
  In regards to message # 17246 that you appended to VTXED4.DOC,
 pressing CTRL 7 in EasyScript produces the Left Arrow needed for the editor
 I found this while thumbing through th RUN Magazine Special Edition #2



Here are the syntax rules for creating
a Text Autolog File with an Editor that
can be input to program VTXEDC which 
will create a VIDTEX AUTOLOG file 
acceptable when using META-J and VIDTEX.
 1)  Prompts and Responses MUST be in
     pairs.
 2)  First character of a Prompt
     line MUST be the letter   P
 3)  First character of a Response
     line MUST be the letter   R
 4)  A  dollar sign  ($) represents
     an   ESCAPE  <ESC>
 5)  To send a dollar sign character
     and a Carriage Return (at the end
     of a Response), use
     R$^M$<CR>
 6)  ONE  up-arrow   (^) represents
     the  CTRL Key.
 7)  ONE  left-arrow (_) represents
     the  META Key.
 8)  A Prompt line that is to contain
     nothing (like the Initial Prompt
     to logon to CompuServe) should be:
     P<CR>
 9)  The last Pair of Prompts and
     Responses for the Text Autolog
     MUST  be:
     P<CR>
     R$<CR>
****************************************
Here is an example of a Text Autolog
File created with TXEDIT.
NOTE:  When saving the file in TXEDIT,
       answer "NO" to the question "do
       you want an ASCII translation".
****************************	**********
P<CR>
R^C$<CR>
PID:<CR>
R70007,1052<CR>
PWORD:<CR>
R_4$<CR>   (Assumes Password in F-4)
P<CR>
R_O$<CR>   (META-O Opens Buffer)
P!<CR>
RG CBM-963<CR>
P<CR>      (Final   Prompt)
R$<CR>     (Final   Response)
****************************************
This program was written in BASIC so
that Users can modify it to their own
specifications.  I would appreciate
comments and would be interested to
incorporate your modifications in this
version.  I hope to hear from you and
hope that this will make it	asier to
create your VIDTEX Autolog files.
With this program you can create an   
Autolog and try it with META-J; if there
are problems then just edit your text
Autolog and run VTXEDC again.   
Again thanks to my friend for sharing
this program.   Enjoy.
                Betty A. Knight
                73615,1156



          CompuServe VIDTEX

      Error Free File Transfers


You can transfer files directly
between your system and CompuServe
using "B" Protocol transfer.

"B" Protocol ensures the accuracy of
the transmitted file.  Any errors are
detected and corrected.  Thus your
important files are protected against
possible damage from telephone line
noise and other types of interference.




   How To Use "B" Protocol Transfer
--------------------------------------

The procedure to perform a file
transfer on CompuServe is described
below.  A few terms must first be
defined in order to explain file
transfers:

     DOWNLOAD means to transfer a file
     from CompuServe to your computer.

     UPLOAD means to transfer a file
     from your computer to CompuServe.

     HOST refers to CompuServe's
     computers.

     REMOTE refers to your computer.

Three types of file tranfers may be
performed:

     TEXT
     MACHINE SPECIFIC
     BINARY

For both an upload and a download, the
CompuServe file extension determines
the type of transfer performed.  The
valid extensions and transfer types
are:

     .TXT  Text transfer
     .IMG  Machine specific transfer
     .BIN  Binary transfer

If any other or no extension is used,
a TEXT transfer is performed.

A TEXT transfer is used to transfer
ASCII text files such as untokenized
BASIC programs and text files.  When
uploading a text file, VIDTEX
translates from the remote computer's
character representation to standard
ASCII.  This usually includes adding
line feeds to carriage returns.  When
a text file is downloaded, VIDTEX
translates the text from standard
ASCII to the microcomputer's character
representation.

A MACHINE SPECIFIC transfer is used to
transfer machine dependent files.
This method is preferred over binary
transfer since it transfers files
specific to the Commodore 64.

During a machine specific transfer,
VIDTEX inserts all of the information
it needs to recreate the file exactly
as it originally existed.  If an
attempt is made to download a machine
specific file to a microcomputer which
is of a different type from the
microcomputer from which the file was
uploaded, VIDTEX will issue a warning
message.  Machine specific transfers
can be used to transfer files that
have information kept outside of the
file (usually in the disk directory)
that is essential to the file.  This
type of transfer supports Commodore
program (PGM) and sequential (SEQ)
files.

A BINARY transfer is used to transfer
eight bit files such as tokenized
BASIC programs and machine language
programs.  This can also be used to
transfer most microcomputer's BASIC
data files.  VIDTEX does not alter any
data during a binary file transfer.
Machine specific information is not
included in a binary transfer.


One way to initiate a file transfer is
to enter at the CompuServe Programming
Area (OK) prompt:

R FILTRN

CompuServe then responds:

CompuServe File Transfer Program

Your machine then is interrogated to
see if you are running a version of
VIDTEX which supports file transfers.
If you are not running a VIDTEX
program or if your version of VIDTEX
does not support file transfers, an
error message is printed and you are
returned to the 'OK' prompt.  If you
are running a version of VIDTEX which
supports file transfer, you are asked
for the direction of the transfer:

Select direction-
     D if to your computer
     U if to CompuServe
:

Enter a U to upload or D to download.
You then are prompted:

Enter the CompuServe file name:

Enter an appropriate file name and
extension.  Remember that the file
extension determines the type of
transfer performed.  For a download
this is the name of the existing file
to be transfered to your
microcomputer.  For an upload this is
the name of the file to be created.
You then are prompted:

Enter a file name for your computer:

Enter the file specification as
required by your operating system.
You can specify any file following the
naming rules of your system.  This
might include a drive designation, a
file name extension, punctuation, or a
password.  

When using machine specific transfer,
the file type is handled automatically
by VIDTEX.  However, when using binary
or text transfer, the default
Commodore file type is sequential
(SEQ).  To specify a program file
(PGM), append ",p" after the normal
file name.  For example, the file
"game" would be downloaded as a
sequential file, but "game,p" would be
downloaded as a program file.

Since the format for file names is
different for every microcomputer, no
syntax checking is performed on the
remote file name.  The remote file
name does not affect the type of
transfer performed.

VIDTEX will not overwrite an existing
file on a download;  you must first
delete the file yourself.

The file transfer then begins.  As the
transfer proceeds, a series of digits
are displayed on your screen.  Plus
signs (+) appear between the digits.

When the transfer is completed, the
message:

*** File Transfer Completed!  ***

appears and you are returned to the
'OK' prompt.

To abort a file transfer, hold META A
until the next digit appears on the
screen.




          SIG File Transfer
--------------------------------------

The DOW command is used to download a
file from a Special Interest Group
(SIG) database.  To initiate the
download of a file, "file.img" from
user number [73000,1] for instance,
enter at the SIG/Access prompt:

dow file.img[73000,1]

If you are running a program like
VIDTEX that supports "B" Protocol file
transfer, CompuServe then responds:

I need a file name for your computer:

You then enter the name that the file
is to be downloaded to.  Remember that
when using text (.TXT) or binary
(.BIN) files, you can force the file
type to be program by adding a ",p"
after the regular name for your
computer.

The file will be downloaded directly
to your disk.  While downloading
digits and plus signs will appear on
your screen to indicate the progress
of the download.  When the file is
created on your disk, VIDTEX will
display the name of the file being
downloaded on your screen.

After the download is complete, the
following prompt will appear:

SIG/Access:

If you attempt to download a machine
specific file (.IMG) that does not
contain the proper machine
identification information, VIDTEX
will issue the following:

This file may not be compatible with
your computer.
Do you want to receive it?

To continue the download type "Y" for
Yes or to stop type "N" for No.  If
you type "Y" then VIDTEX will download
the file as a sequential (SEQ) file
unless the file name for your computer
contains ",p" to force the file type
to be program.




 Services Using "B" Protocol Transfer
--------------------------------------

"B" Protocol transfer also is used in
many other CompuServe services that
require the accurate transfer of data.
These include:

   - MicroQuote (TM) is a series of
     programs for retrieving and
     storing current and historical
     stock data.  Over 40,000 issues
     are represented in the historical
     database which contains quotes
     back to January 1, 1974.

     The MicroQuote program, MQDATA,
     automatically stores stock
     information into a file which you
     can download using "B" Protocol.

   - SOFTEX (TM) is an on-line
     software shopping service.  You
     can purchase reasonably priced
     programs and download them
     directly to your computer for
     immediate use.  "B" protocol
     ensures the reliability of your
     purchase.

   - ACCESS (TM) is a database program
     used for facilitating the
     exchange of customer supplied
     software.

   - QTRAN (TM) is a program that will
     take a VisiCalc (R) file in DIF
     format and convert it into a
     batch input file for QUBIT (TM).
     QTRAN is available to commercial
     CompuServe customers only.


Use of "B" Protocol transfer in these
services is automated;  you do not
need to issue any special commands.
g>6Mpic!2v
8
?
This program is designed to allow you view a large number of sequential
files in rapid succession. It is particularly useful if you are trying to
scratch unwanted files but don't recall what the files contain. It's operation
is simple. When the program is first run, it will ask you which drive you
will be looking at. The default has been set to Drive 0, but by merely 
pressing "1" you will set Drive 1 as the source drive. The program will not
ask you which drive you are using again, it will assume you will continue
using the same drive for all of your searches.
===============================================================================
The program will then ask you for the file name. Enter the name of the file
and press return. The contents of the file will begin to appear on your screen
shortly thereafter. In order to pause, press the space bar and the output will
pause until you press the space bar again. When you are ready to go onto 
another file, press the "@" twice. The first time you will cause the output
to pause, the second time you will cause the file to be closed and another
prompt will ask you which file you wish to 	ew. You will not have set the 
drive number again. Should you wish to exit the program, press the return
without entering a file name when requested to do so. By the way, this will
not exit the program if you are using a VIC or 64 as those machines won't
'crash' out of the program if they receive a null on an input. The balance of
the programs features are self-explanatory. I hope you find the program 
useful. If you are running a VIC or 64 and make the necessary revisions so
the program operates properly	send me the revised copy so I can share it with
others.
      This file will describe how to modify Vidtex 4.0C to work with the MSD CIE
interface.
     First, a little background on the CIE. As you may know, the MSD drives can
load and save files over the IEEE interface at least twice as fast as is
possible with the serial interface. This is because data is transmitted eight
bits at a time instead of one at a time. Vidtex loads in 20 seconds, as opposed
to 45 with the 1541.
     The CIE interface works by replacing KERNAL vectors located at $031A -
$033A with memory addresses of subroutines that are downloaded into high memory.
With my CIE this is accomplished by SYS57278, but this may be different in later
versions (in which case you're on your own). The code downloads to $9C00, which
is ok if you work only with Basic, but not at all compatible with most
commercial software, including Vidtex. MSD must have realized the problem, as
they supplied relocator programs and, later, a "Rev 2 Patch" (which I have never
been able to get to work with ANYTHING!). These relocate the code to various RAM
areas, all of which are overwritten by Vidtex.
     The only solution, then, is to modify Vidtex 	 that it will not disturb an
area of memory large enough to squeeze in the CIE code - about 1k.
     The other problem is that the CIE only intercepts KERNAL calls that use the
vectors mentioned above. This means that TALK, LISTEN, ACPTR, CIOUT, etc. must
be replaced with CHKIN, CHKOUT, CHRIN, CHROUT, etc.
     OK, enough talk. Let's get down to specifics. Here goes:
     1) Download or copy the following files to disk: VIDTEX 4.0C, RLCCIE, and
VXCMOD.
     2) Activate the CIE by entering SYS57278.
     3	Load RLCCIE. It is set up for device 8 to be the only IEEE device. If
you want to change this, modify lines 200 & 210 to suit your needs. After you
RUN it (this takes about 25 seconds), the CIE code will be relocated to $C800 -
$CBFF. Unless you want to go through this every time you load Vidtex, I highly
recommend you save the relocated code to disk with a m.l. monitor (located in
BASIC workspace). That way you can LOAD it ,8,1, and it will remain there until
you turn off the computer or load something e	e over it. You can re-activate it
from BASIC with SYS51257. Or you could do as I did and write it to an EPROM to
replace the one in the CIE.
     4) Load VXCMOD,8,1
     5) Enter "NEW"
     6) Load VIDTEX 4.0C, but DON'T RUN IT!
     7) Enter "SYS49152". Don't blink, or you'll think nothing happened. This is
a very short m.l. program that modifies Vidtex.
     8) Thats it! Save the modified program before running it.

     One final note: You might notice that this program modifies Vidtex to
protect $C800	 $CDFF, which is 1.5K, and the CIE code is only 1K. This is to
leave space for further expansion and to make the code compatible with a future
wedge for the CIE. It will also work with the code at $CA00, as did Vidtex 4.0B
modified with Deepak's SUPERZAP and ZBIEEE.

     Please address all comments, questions, suggestions, etc. to:

                                        Andre LeClaire 70356,1445
**********************************
* WD 1770 Floppy Disk Controller *
**********************************
 
* automatic track seek with verify
* soft-sector format compatibility
* read or write with:
                     single or multiple records
                     automatic sector search
                     entire track read or write
* programmable:
                track to track stepping time
                head settling time
                head engage time
                three-phase or step-plus-direction motor control
                dma or program transfers
 
 
Communicating with the 1770 is accomplished by accessing six registers.
 
Address bits          MODE
   A1    A0    READ           WRITE
------------------------------------------
   0     0     Status reg.    Command reg.
   0     1     Track reg.     Track reg.
   1     0     Sector reg.    Sector reg.
   1     1     Data reg.      Data reg.
 
Where A0 and A1 are pins three and four, respectively.
In the Commodore 1571 the WD1770 is located at addresses $2000 to $2003.
 
The command register recognizes eleven commands:
 
   Command   command word bits  7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
   -------                      ---------------
1.  Restore                     0 0 0 0 h v x y
2.  Seek                        0 0 0 1 h v x y
3.  Step                        0 0 1 u h v x y
4.  Step in                     0 1 0 u h v x y
5.  Step out                    0 1 1 u h v x y
6.  Read sector                 1 0 0 m h e 0 0
7.  Write sector                1 0 1 m h e p a
8.  Read address                1 1 0 0 h e 0 0
9.  Read track                  1 1 1 0 h e 0 0
10. Write track                 1 1 1 1 h e p 0
11. Force interrupt             1 1 0 1 i j k 1
 
with the special bits defined as follows:
 
h   -   0= motor on / 1= motor off
v   -   0= verify track / 1= don't verify
x/y -   Step rate
                    1770                1771        1772
            0 0      6ms (166steps/sec)  6ms        ?
            0 1     12ms (88)            6ms        ?
            1 0     20ms (50)            8ms        ?
            1 1     30ms (33)           10ms        ?
 
u   -   0= don't / 1= do    set track reg to track in sector header
m   -   0= read one sector / 1= read several
a   -   0= set data mark for 'sector valid'
        1= set data mark for 'sector erased'
e   -   0= no head settling time
        1= 30ms head settling time
p   -   0= precompensation on / 1= precompensation off
i   -
j   -
k   -   index hole interrupt enable
l   -   immediate unconditional interrupt
        command ends without interrupt if i-j = 0
 
STATUS REGISTER
 
Bit
0.  Busy flag            -   a command is being executed
1.  Data request/index   -   signals that data can read/write from DATA reg
2.  Lost data/track 00   -   for commands 1 - 5 indicates head on track one
                             for others, indicates that data reg was lost
3.  CRC error            -   header or data block checksum incorrect
4.  Record not found     -   Specified track or sector was not found
5.  Spinup/record type   -   for commands 1 - 5 indicates six rotations
                             for cmds 6 - 11   bit holds 'data mark'
6.  Write protect        -   When writing indicates that wrt prot is on
7.  Motor on             -   motor staus 0= off / 1= on
 
 
WD1770 Pin Layout *
 
Pin  Name   Function
---  ----   --------
1    CS     Chip select (low)
2    R/W    0= write / 1= read    registers
3/4  A0/1   Register address lines   when cs=0
5-12 D0-7   Data bus
13   MR     Master reset low
14   GND    ground connection
15   Vcc    +5 Volts
16   STEP   Output for step pulses to the head motor
17   DIRC   Step direction
18   CLK    Input for 8Mhz clock
19   RD     Read data from disk (also contains clock)
20   MO     Motor on switch
21   WG     Write gate  =1 if disk is being written to
22   WD     Write data pulses (along with clock) to disk
23   TR00   Track 0 input 0= head on track 0 / 1= not on 0
24   IP     Index pulse
25   WPRT   Write protect  0= write prtoect / 1= not protect
26   DDEN   Double density  if =0 / 1= single density *
27   DRQ    Data request   1= data register is ready
28   INTRQ  Interrupt request    1= end command
 
* Note that in the Commodore 1571, pins 16,17,20,23,27, and 28 are unconnected
* pin 26 is held low (double density)
 
* If you own a Commodore 1581 and find that it contains a WD1770 you should
* see you Commodore authorized service center about replacing it with
* a WD1772 - as far as I know, Commodore is still replacing them even out
* of warranty as of April 1988
 
 
*****************************************************************
This information is the compilation of several sources, including
direct experimentation, and is provided without any guarantees of
accuracy or any assumption of liability on my part.         GTK
*****************************************************************
 
 
Commodore 1571 and 1581 are trademarks or registered trademarks of
Commodore International Ltd.
 
WD1770, 1771, and 1772 are trademarks of Western Digital Corp.
                                         3218 Redhill Avenue
                                         Newport Beach, CA 92663
                                         (714) 557-3550
                                         TWX: (910) 595-1139
SIMPLE WILLFORM, Version 1.25, COPYRIGHT (C),1989, by OLD LAWYERS 
TRICKS ,P.O. Box 230975, Anchorage, Alaska, 99523-0975, (Compuserve 
User I.D. 76545,2427; GEnie User # XTH17619).  

This is a Plain Text Shareware legal form.  It has been written by 
attorneys and is intended to work with any personal computer.  Just load 
it into your word processor and follow the instructions below.  If you  use
it to create your own will then you should send $5.00 to the address 
above. (It should save you at least $50.00 to $100.00.)  If you use it  to
create a multiple use law office form then you should send us $20.00.  
Feel free to duplicate the form and distribute it wherever you want as 
long as this announcement accompanies it.

THIS FORM IS NOT INTENDED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CONSULTING WITH AN
ATTORNEY! THE WAY TO SAVE MONEY ON LAWYERS FEES IS NOT TO AVOID
THEM BUT TO SEE THEM AT THE RIGHT TIME, BEFORE THE DAMAGE IS
ALREADY DONE, AND ALSO TO DO AS MUCH OF THE WORK AS YOU CAN BY 
YOURSELF.  For our advice on how to select and use lawyers,and our 
catalog of additional Shareware legal forms, send $2.00 to the address
above.  It is important to be aware of how to use lawyers most 
efficiently.  We have not included all of that information here because it
is bulky and we want to save computer file space to keep on line  costs
down.  Specifically as to your will, however, we strongly advise  that you
take your final will draft to a local lawyer for a short consultation, to be
sure it meets all the requirements of your local  jurisdiction and your own
special needs.  Such a consultation should  be cheap (many attorneys offer
special reduced fees for first consultations -- be sure to ask) and will be
well worth the cost.  This will is designed to be valid in all 50 states, but
only a consultation with a local attorney will guarantee that it is.  (Be
especially careful in Louisiana, which has some pretty weird laws.)

WHY A SIMPLE WILL?  The primary reasons for a simple will are to make 
sure that your estate goes to who you want it go to and that it doesn't get 
complicated in probate, which could result in substantial portions of it
going into the pockets of people other than your intended heirs.  If you are
a rich recluse who wants to leave everything to newly created 
foundations named after your pets (or indeed anyone with an estate worth 
over $400,000), you should forget about a simple will and immediately go 
see an attorney who is an expert in estate planning.

A simple will is intended to either avoid probate altogether or at least 
keep your estate easy to administer, to make sure that it goes where you 
want it to go with a minimum of expense.  An important part of the 
process is for you yourself to keep your desires simple.  As a general rule 
the more complicated your desires are the more complicated will be the 
will and the greater the probability of expensive complications in probate.  
Thus the typical simple will leaves everything to your spouse, if you have 
one, and to your children (and their children) thereafter, or to one or two 
individual heirs if you have neither a spouse nor children.  Husbands and 
wives should each do an individual will.  The most extensive and 
complicated provisions of our will form concern the granting of discretion 
to the fiduciaries of the estate (also called personal representatives, 
administrators, executors, and/or guardians), to make sure they can act 
freely to settle the affairs of the estate or otherwise carry out the intent
of the will with the minimum of probate formalities.  Such formalities
can be extensive and vary considerably from state to state.

The Simple Will form should be self explanatory.  The blank lines are to 
fill in pertinent information.  The information in capital letters in 
parentheses, (LIKE THIS), is for information only and should be stricken 
out before printing.  Also strike out those sections of the will which don't
apply and renumber accordingly.  We have put in a character return at the
end of each line for telecommunication purposes.  Sorry about that, but
just take them out and you should be able to edit the form however you 
want on your own Word Processor.  Let us know if you have any problems 
so we can fix them for later versions.

Be sure to make a back up copy of the whole file before editing, to go back 
to in case you make any mistakes and to then give to your friends after you 
are done.

**********************************************************
**********************************************************
 

(WILL FORM STARTS HERE / THE HEADINGS ARE USUALLY CENTERED / WILLS 
ARE TRADITIONALLY DONE ON LEGAL SIZED PAPER / 8 1/2 " X 13" / BUT ANY
SIZE WILL DO)  

Last Will and Testament of ______________________ ( PUT IN YOUR 
FULL NAME, INCLUDING MIDDLE, UNLESS YOU TRULY HATE IT)

I, _____________________, now domiciled at (RESIDENCE STREET
ADDRESS / STATE / ZIP CODE)
___________________________,presently at the age of ___________
years( DON'T LIE / IF YOU TRULY REFUSE TO ADMIT YOUR AGE THEN SIMPLY
ELIMINATE THIS CLAUSE ALTOGETHER, BUT IT IS BETTER TO  LEAVE IT IN),
do make, publish and delare this to be my Will, and I hereby revoke any and
all Wills and Codicils previously made by me.  

ARTICLE I.  HEIRS AND BENEFICIARIES  

I declare at the date of this Will that I am married to ______________, 
that I have ____ children, namely, 
________________________________________, born ____________, 
________________________________________, born ____________, 
______________________________________, born ____________ and
_________________________, born __________________ and I have no 
deceased child or children with descendants now living. (IF YOU DO THEN 
LIST THEM ALSO.)  

ARTICLE II. FIDUCIARIES  

(NORMALLY YOU WILL WANT TO NAME YOUR PRIMARY BENEFICIARY AS YOUR 
PRIMARY FIDUCIARY ALSO, AND SO ON, UNLESS THERE IS A VERY GOOD 
REASON NOT TO DO SO.  YOU ARE GIVING YOUR FIDUCIARIES TREMENDOUS 
POWER, SO BE SURE YOU TRUST THEM ABSOLUTELY.  IF YOU DON'T TRUST 
THEM DON'T DO A SIMPLE WILL - GO SEE A LAWYER INSTEAD!  ALSO IT IS A 
GOOD IDEA IF POSSIBLE TO HAVE YOUR HEIRS, FIDUCIARIES AND GUARDIANS 
MATCH UP AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE. BE SURE TO HAVE AT LEAST ONE
ALTERNATE FOR EACH FIDUCIARY NAMED.)

I direct that no fiduciary serving hereunder shall be required to give bond 
or security in any jurisdiction. I appoint my (RELATIONSHIP / I.E. 
WIFE)_______________, (NAME) ____________________ as personal 
representative of this Will.  If she/he shall fail to qualify or cease to 
serve as personal representative, I appoint my ___________________, 
_____________________, as my personal representative.  If she/he shall 
fail to qualify or cease to serve as personal representative, I appoint my 
__________________, _____________________________ as my
personal  representative. Throughout this Will, unless the context clearly
requires  otherwise, "fiduciary" and "personal representative" shall refer
to all  personal representatives at any time serving hereunder.  

ARTICLE III. DEBTS AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

I direct my personal representative to pay my debts and funeral expenses,
the expenses of my last illness, and the expenses  of administering my
estate, provided, however, that my personal  representative, in his or her
discretion, may elect not to pay any  debt or expense secured by mortgage,
deed of trust, pledge, lien or other  encumbrance on property subject to
such mortgage, deed of trust, pledge,  lien or other encumbrance, in which
event the recipient thereof shall  assume all obligations of my personal
representative and my estate in respect thereto.  

ARTICLE IV.  TANGIBLE PERSONAL PROPERTY  

I give the items of tangible personal property, other than money, 
evidences of indebtedness, documents of title, securities, property  used
in trade or business and property not otherwise disposed of by this Will,
to the persons designated in any written statement or list in my
handwriting or signed by me, in existence at the time  of my death.  In the
event two or more such lists exist at the time of my death, the written
statement or list dated closer to the date of my death shall control.  

(IF ALLOWABLE IN YOUR STATE (ASK A LOCAL ATTORNEY) WE STRONGLY
RECOMMEND THIS PARAGRAPH RATHER THAN INCLUDING A COMPLETE LIST
OF BEQUESTS IN YOUR WILL.  REMEMBER THAT THE WILL SHOULD BE 
WRITTEN WITH A VIEW TOWARDS WHAT YOU WILL WANT DONE IN 50 PLUS
YEARS; IN ALL LIKELIHOOD YOU WILL NOT CHANGE IT,ALTHOUGH YOU  SHOULD
AT LEAST REVIEW IT FROM TIME TO TIME.  PUTTING SPECIFIC BEQUESTS 
INTO THE WILL ITSELF WILL ONLY CONFUSE THINGS UNLESS YOU DIE SOON,
AND BENEFIT NO ONE BUT THE LAWYERS WHO GET TO REWRITE THE WILL
TIME AFTER TIME.  AT THE SAME TIME, HOWEVER, YOU SHOULD ACTUALLY SIT
DOWN AND WRITE OUT THE LIST OF BEQUESTS, PUTTING IT WITH THE
ORIGINAL WILL, AND REVIEW  THE LIST AND MAKE DESIRED REVISIONS ON A
REGULAR BASIS.)  

I give all of my tangible personal property, other than items disposed  of 
or excluded from disposition under the provisions of the first  paragraph
of this Article, and all policies and proceeds of insurance covering such
property, to my spouse _______________,or, if my spouse  predeceases
me, to my children/child, in equal shares, and to their descendants by
right of representation, consistent with Article V below.  (IF NO SPOUSE
OR CHILDREN THEN TO OTHER NAMED INDIVIDUAL  HEIR(S), INCLUDING
PERCENTAGE SHARES IF DESIRED AND NOT TOO COMPLICATED)  If my
children (CHILD / HEIRS) shall not survive me,  I give such property to my
____________________,__________________________(ALTERNATE HEIR(S)) 
Expenses of delivering such property to my beneficiaries may, in the
discretion of my personal representative, be paid by my estate.  

(WARNING!! / DO NOT TRY TO DISINHERIT YOUR SPOUSE OR CHILDREN 
WITHOUT SPECIFIC ADVICE FROM A LOCAL ATORNEY / THE LAWS GOVERNING 
DISINHERITANCE VARY FROM STATE TO STATE)  

ARTICLE V.  RESIDUARY ESTATE  

(THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE SHOULD BE THE SAME AS IN ARTICLE IV
IMMEDIATELY ABOVE / THAT IS TO SAY THE HEIRS SHOULD BE THE SAME)  

All the rest, residue and remainder of my estate hereinafter referred  to
as my "residuary estate"  I give to my spouse, ____________.  If my
spouse does not survive me I give my residuary estate to my
child/children whether born or adopted, share and share alike, with rights
of representation. If any child of mine predeceases me  without
descendants, I give my deceased child's share to my remaining  residuary
beneficiaries in proportion to their respective interests in my residuary
estate.  

ARTICLE VI,  GUARDIAN OF MINOR CHILDREN.  

(AGAIN YOU ARE GIVING TREMENDOUS POWERS TO THE GUARDIANS OF YOUR 
MINOR CHILDREN  SO BE CAREFUL / SEE ARTICLE II ABOVE / CO-GUARDIANS 
(I.E. GRANDPARENTS, SPOUSES) ARE OK (BUT WHAT IF THEY GET DIVORCED?) 
/ IT IS FAIRLY COMMON TO HAVE SEPARATE GUARDIANS AND PERSONAL 
REPRESENTATIVES, WHERE FOR EXAMPLE ONE FAMILY MEMBER IS GOOD WITH 
KIDS AND ANOTHER WITH MONEY)  

I appoint as guardian of the person and property of my minor 
child/children, and I give and place the custody of my minor 
child/children, whether now living or hereafter born, during their 
respective minorities to my spouse, (NAME) ______________________, 
to serve without bond, and if my spouse does not survive me and/or if 
(s)he does not qualify or for any reason ceases to serve as guardian, I 
appoint my (RELATIONSHIP)_______, (NAME(S))
________________________,  as guardian aforesaid. If he/she does not
qualify or for any reason  ceases to serve as guardian, I appoint my
__________________,  ________________________, as guardian
aforesaid.  

ARTICLE VII. COMMON DISASTERS  

(THIS PROVISION IS OPTIONAL BUT GENERALLY A GOOD IDEA.)  

in the event that my spouse (NAME)______ , or any other heir hereunder, 
should die with me in a common disaster or accident, or within thirty  (30)
days after my death, I direct that my spouse or such heir shall be
conclusively deemed not to have survived me.  

ARTICLE VIII.  TAXES  

I direct my personal representaive to pay out of my residuary estate, 
without apportionment against any beneificaries or other persons, all 
estate, inheritance and succession taxes, including any interest and 
penalties payable by reason of my death in respect of any property 
includable in my gross estate for the purposes of any such tax. I authorize 
my personal representative to determine whether and what deductions 
shall be taken for federal estate or income tax purposes and to determine 
the date that shall be used for the valuation of property in my gross estate 
for federal estate tax purposes.  The exercise of such powers shall not be 
questioned by anyone, and no person whose interest in my estate is 
diminished by the exercise of such powers shall receive any 
reimbursement for such diminuation.  

ARTICLE IX. POWERS OF PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE  

(THIS ARTICLE IS LONG / IT IS INTENDED TO GRANT THE MAXIMUM POWER 
AND DISCRETION TO THE FIDUCIARIES OF THE ESTATE / WHILE IT CAN BE 
CHANGED, LIMITED OR ELIMINATED IT IS NOT ADVISABLE TO DO SO / IF YOU 
DON'T TRUST YOUR FIDUCIARIES THEN YOU PROBABLY SHOULD NOT BE DOING 
A SIMPLE WILL AND YOU DEFINITELY NEED TO CONSULT WITH AN ATTORNEY
ABOUT PROBLEMS WHICH COULD ARISE)  

I authorize my personal representative to administor my estate without 
the intervention of any court. In addition to, and without limitation upon,
any other powers granted by this Will or by law, in the administration of
my estate, my fiduciaries shall have the following powers, exercisable
without court approval, upon  such terms and conditions as my fiduciaries
shall deem advisable:  To retain any property owned by me, including any
business or interest therein; to continue and conduct any business or
enterprise in which I may be engaged at the time of my death; to sell or
exchange any property at public or private sale, for cash or credit, with or
without security; to invest and reinvest in shares of common trust funds,
whether or not  maintained by any corporate fiduciary serving hereunder;
to mortgage, pledge, or lease any property or grant options with respect
to it, for any period of time, whether or not extending beyond the
administration of my estate or any funds held hereunder; to demolish,
abandon, or otherwise dispose of any property; to manage, insure, repair,
improve, develop, subdivide, partition, and alter any property; to borrow
money for any  purpose in connection with the administration of my
estate; to register and hold securities in bearer form; to incorporate any
business or property and thereafter to hold a majority or minority
interest in the corporation; to transfer any business or property to a
limited or general partnership; to vote stock or securities, in person or by
proxy; to continue, renew, extend, or modify any note, bond, or other
indebtedness, or mortgage, and to enforce payment of such indebtedness
or mortgage by foreclosure or othewise; to employ legal counsel,
accountants, brokers, custodians, managers, and other agents and
employees, and to pay them reasonable compensation out of any fund held
hereunder to which such compensation is attributable; to allocate
receipts and disbursements between income and principal in such manner
as my fiduciaries shall deem equitable; to distribute any property in kind
or partially in kind in such manner as my fiduciaries shall deem equitable;
to qualify or appoint a third party as ancillary administrator if necessary
or desireable, and to compensate such ancillary administrator; to pay to 
themselves, as fiduciaries, reasonable compensation for their services
and their reasonable and necessary expenses; and in general, subject to
their fiduciary duties, to exercise any additional powers that I might
exercise if I were living.  

ARTICLE X.  TERMS  

Any reference in this Will to "children" or "descendants" shall include 
adopted persons and persons born before and after the date of this Will.  

I, (NAME)________________, the testator (MAN) / testatrix (WOMAN)) 
herein, sign my name to this instrument on the ___ day of ___________, 
l98___, and being first sworn, declare to the undersigned authority that I
sign it willingly; that I execute it as my free and voluntary act for the 
purposes expressed in it, and that I am l8 (OR WHATEVER IS THE AGE OF 
MAJORITY IN YOUR STATE) years of age and older, of sound mind, and under 
no constraint or undue influence.  





___________________________________ 
(NAME OF PERSON WHOSE WILL THIS IS)  

(THE BLANKS BELOW CAN BE HANDWRITTEN IN AT THE TIME OF SIGNING THE 
WILL / SEE NOTES BELOW CONCERNING SIGNING THE WILL)  

We, (NAMES)________________________, _____________________, 
and _______________________, witnesses, sign our names to this 
instrument, and being first sworn, declare to the undersigned authority 
that the testator(rix) signs and executes this instrument as his/her Will 
and that (s)he signs it willingly and that each of us, in the presence and 
hearing of the testator(rix), signs this Will as witness to his/her signing 
and that to the best of our knowledge, the testator(rix) is of legal age, of 
sound mind, and under no constraint or undue influence.  



Witness:(SIGNATURE)______________________________ Residing 
at:(WITNESS ADDRESS)______________________________ 
______________________________ 
______________________________  


Witness:______________________________ Residing 
at:______________________________ 
______________________________ 
______________________________  


Witness:______________________________ Residing 
at:______________________________ 
______________________________ 
______________________________  



STATE OF ________________)
                         )ss
COUNTY OF _______________)

          SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to and acknowledged before me by 
(NAME)_________________, the testator(rix), and subscribed and sworn 
to before me by (NAMES}______________________, 
________________________, and _____________________, witnesses, 
this ____ day of _____________________, l9____.  

         (SIG)_________________________________  

Notary Public in and for the State of ______  My Commission Expires:
________   

*********************************************************
*******************
*********************************************************
*******************  

THIS IS THE END OF THE WILL.  Make it look neat on your word 
processor,save it on disk, and print it out.  After doing so is the best time
to show it to an attorney for advice as to any  particular twists in your
state which you should be aware of.  

SIGNING THE WILL.  The will is no good unless it is signed and witnessed!  
It is set up to be signed in front of three witnesses and a Notary Public.  
Most states require only two witnesses but a notary makes it go through 
probate easier in many state and a few places require three witnesses.  
(You might move there some day).  Use all four to be safe.  The will should 
be signed by everyone at the same time.  THE WITNESSES AND NOTARY 
CANNOT BE HEIRS OR OTHERWISE MENTIONED IN THE WILL.  We recommend 
having the person whose will it is initial every page (you can set that up 
easily with footers if you have them on your word processor) and then sign 
with his or her full name where noted at the end.  

WHERE TO KEEP YOUR ORIGINAL WILL.  Once the will is signed it should be 
kept in a safe place where your heirs can find it upon your death, hopefully 
after many many years.  Most probate courts have a will register where 
you can file original wills.   Giving the original to your primary heirs and 
fiduciaries is another approach, and they should definitely have at least a 
copy.  DO NOT PUT YOUR WILL INTO A SAFETY DEPOSIT BOX !  Such boxes 
often cannot be opened until probate, which could defeat the whole purpose 
of keeping probate to a minimum.  Use common sense as to where  your
heirs can find best find it after your death. 





                            "What Is GIF?"
                             May 28, 1987

 Introduction

          CompuServe has developed a new  Graphics  Interchange  Format
     (GIF)  designed  to  serve  a  wide variety of graphics needs both
     within the CompuServe  product  environment  and  as  a  universal
     standard  by  which  graphics can be exchanged between any parties
     through a network.  This document serves as a  simple  explanation
     of what GIF is and what it is capable of.

 What is GIF?

          GIF (pronounced "Jif") is a mechanism of storing high-quality
     color graphics images in a way that can be exchanged between users
     of differing hardware.  For example it allows images created on an
     Atari  ST  to be displayed on a Commodore Amiga or IBM-PC and visa
     versa.  The GIF format allows for very high resolution, full color
     images  that  can  be  used  in  any application that requires the
     display of graphics information.

 What Kind of Images can GIF be Used For?

          GIF images can be part of, but not limited to  the  following
     applications:

        - Full color associate photo board
        - Business charts and graphics
        - Merchandise catalogs
        - Technical documentation
        - Schematic diagrams for field service personnel
        - Color radar maps
        - Medical illustrations
        - Art gallery
        - Exchange of user-created images

 How Much Resolution Can an Image Have?

          In terms of pixels, or image dots, GIF is capable of defining
     images  of  over  16,000 by 16,000 individual dots.  This compares
     with the average microcomputer screen of 320 by 200 pixels.   Even
     laser printers are generally limited to about 2000 by 3000 pixels.
     GIF technology is adequate for graphics applications for years  to
     come.

 How Many Colors Can a GIF Image Have?

          Any  GIF  image  can  have  up  to  256  simultaneous  colors
     contained  within it.  Each individual color can be defined out of
     a possible set of 16 million colors,  making  photographic-quality
     images possible.

 Does This Mean an IBM-PC Cannot Display GIF Images  with  256  Colors?
     All GIF images can be processed by all GIF software.  The software
                                                                 Page 2


     is designed  to  make  the  best  use  of  a  specific  hardware's
     capabilities  with regard to colors.  A best match is made between
     a desired color in the image, and the possible colors the hardware
     can  display.   Generally, detail of an image will be lost, but it
     should still be  recognizable.   On  the  other  side,  any  image
     originating  from  an IBM machine should display exactly on a more
     capable microcomputer.

 How Large are the Image Files in GIF?

          This will vary a great deal depending on the number of colors
     present,  the  size of the image and the amount of detail present.
     GIF uses a sophisticated compression method that reduces the  file
     size to between 1/2 to 1/8 of the original file size of the image.
     This  means  that  even  complex  images   can   be   economically
     downloaded.   An  example  is an Atari ST image file of 320 by 200
     pixels and 16 colors which would require 32,000 bytes on the Atari
     might only require 8,000 bytes in GIF format, a space savings of 4
     to 1.

 What Micros can Support GIF?

          Currently CompuServe has developed software for a  number  of
     microcomputers  to display or create GIF format files.  Additional
     hardware will be supported as time  goes  on.   The  GIF  standard
     document  will  be  made  public  and  third party authors will be
     encouraged to create additional GIF software for  other  hardware.
     Machines supported currently include:

        - IBM-PC/MS-DOS family with CGA or EGA graphics boards
        - Commodore Amiga
        - Atari ST
        - Macintosh family

          The software files can be found in the  appropriate  hardware
     FORUMS and in the Picture Support Fourm (GO PICS).

 Where are the GIF Files that can be Displayed?

          Currently many GIF files are available in DL2 of the  Picture
     Support   Forum.    Each  appropriate  hardware  forum  will  also
     accumulate GIF files  as  time  goes  on.   The  CompuServe  FORUM
     software  has a GIF file type established for uploads of GIF image
     files.




*nb"word test
*nb This was created using Easy Script
*nb Delete ES commands if using other word processors.  Will print with VIDTEX.
*lm10:rm70:vp3
*cn1
TEST YOUR CREATIVITY AND MENTAL FLEXIBILITY
*cn0

INSTRUCTIONS:  Each question below contains the initials of words that will make it correct.  Find the missing words.  Answers will soon be found by [BRO
Answer] in this DL or if you are in a hurry by EMAIL; Jerry Ellis, 75006,741

EXAMPLE:  16=O in a P  (Answer:16=Ounces in a Pound)

***********************************************************

26 = L of the A:
-----------------------------------------------------------
7 = W of the A.W:
-----------------------------------------------------------
1001 = A. N.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
12 = S of the Z:
-----------------------------------------------------------
54 = C in the D (with the J's):
------------------------------------------------------------
9 = P in the S. S.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
88 = P. K.:                             -----------------------------------------------------------
13 = S. on the A. F.:	----------------------------------------------------------
32 = D. F. at which W. F.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
18 = H. on a G. C.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
90 = D. in a R. A.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
200 = D. for P. G. in M.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
8 = S. on a S. S.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
3 = B. M. (S.H.T.R.):
-----------------	----------------------------------------
4 = Q. in a G.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
24 = H. in a D.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 = W. on a U.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
5 = D. in a Z. C.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
57 = H. V.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
11 = P. on a F. T.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
1000 = W.	hat a P. is W.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
29 = D. in F. in a L. Y.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
64 = S. on a C.:
-----------------------------------------------------------
40 = D. and N. of the G. F.:
-----------------------------------------------------------



 WS BASIC for the Georam  (notes)                                      11-10-97
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
  Back in 93 or 94, my 1764 REU got zapped by a faulty Ramlink power supply.
 
 So I dug the Georam I had out of my closet and as the months went by, I
 studied and experimented with it because it was frustrating not to have
 a ram expander. To make a long story short, what I wound up doing with it 
 was to adapt my BASIC so I could use the Georam just like a Commodore REU.
 
   This version of WS Basic can use a Georam for STASH, FETCH and SWAP, as
 well as TALK mode and speech. However, since the processor is used in any
 memory transfers instead of a Vic DMA, a noticable delay in transfer time
 makes using the Georam somewhat slower and therefore a bit tedious. My
 routines divide the Georam into eight banks of 64K each. No changes in
 the command syntaxes are neccessary. Be aware that when you load and run
 this file, WS Basic is stashed into the last bank of the Georam, as is
 the case with any C= REU. This is partly because when you issue any speech
 command	C64 memory from $7d00 to $bfff is swapped with Sam Speaker (so he
 can put his two cents in) and afterwards swapped back. Otherwise every
 time you enter a "sys 64738", WS Basic captures the reset and uses it to
 refresh itself out of the REU.  (FYI)
  
  Only one file is needed to load and RUN WS Basic for the Georam. No DOC
 file or any other goodies are included. If you wish to view the DOC file
 for WS Basic, you must download "wsbasic.spy" (in SPYNE format) and then
 dissolve the archive where a prog	m file entitled "ws basic.info" can
 be found, along with an F-key editor and a small demo file of the "object"
 command. You won't need the "install" or "ws basic.boot" programs when
 using the Georam version of WS Basic.
 
   I used a C128D to make this program in C64 mode. It is unknown to me
 whether a C64 power supply will be strong enough- I trust that you know
 what you are doing. :)
 
    I don't use this version anymore, it has served it's purpose for me. I
 now have a different Ramlink and a 175	clone so I don't need it. But it
 did run any program I had written under the older 1992 version of WS Basic.
 
   Feel free to share, copy, or upload this program to whoever or wherever
 you choose. It's FREE, a gift from me to anyone who wants to use thier
 Georam for a bit more than just Geos.
 
 
 
  Sid  (WSoft)
 
  Compuserve:  102541,420
 
  Internet:    sid@thevision.net
               gerpsnot@aol.com
 
  WS DOS 4.1                                                 by Sid Davis
(WSoft) 
WS DOS 4.1 is the latest version of the program WS DOS which I originally
made
in 1992. It's purpose is to give you the oppurtunity to use the faster burst-
mode capability of 128-mode when loading 64 programs, and to be there waiting
for you when you are ready to use it again. After the program is loaded from
disk, it is copied into the bank 1 of the 128, where under normal
circumstances,it can't be disturbed. If you spend most of your computing time
in 64-mode, you
will be glad to know that you wont have to re-load WS DOS again to load
another
program. Simply hit the reset button and it's there again, in 40 or 80
columns.
 When I originally made the first version, I had quite an interest in CP/M. I
decided that I would mimic this sort of atmosphere in WS DOS. Also, I had
just
purchased a RamLink, and was kind of used to the DOS commands there too. This
is the reason for the name WS DOS (turn the W upside down), and the DOSWEDGE-
style commands. I hope you enjoy using it as much as I did making it. Anyway,
on to the documentation.
 
The following is a list of command characters used by WS DOS, followed by a
short description of each.
 
Command chararacters are:
 
CHARACTER                 FUNCTION
            
@                         disk commands and error-fetching
^ (arrow UP)              LOAD and RUN a 64 program
/                         LOAD/LIST a file
$                         show directory
?                         find the address-mark of a file
*                         copy a file to the opposite drive (8 or 9)
#                         device toggle
%                         edit/display autoboot filenames
!                         retrieve autoboot data from disk
_ (arrow LEFT)            save current autoboot data to disk
 
HELP                      displays a short help screen
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Descriptions:
 
 
(@)  If entered alone, this command will attempt to check the error status of
     the disk drive currently being used. If you follow this character with a
     normal disk command (like "@s:test"), that works too. I have made WS DOS
     to check what kind of disk-command you are entering. If you try to enter
     a SCRATCH or NEW command ("s:?" or "n:?"), the program will react with
     "are you sure", to give you time to be certian about what you want to
do.
 
 
(arrow UP)
    This command, followed by the name of the file you wish to RUN, will load
    your file in fast C128 "burst" mode (if you are using a 1571,1581,CMD HD,
    or CMD FD 2000/4000 disk-drive. If you have a Ramlink, you wont need WS
DOS
    anyway). After the program is loaded, the faster 2MHZ is turned on and
the
    screen blanks while the program is transfered to $0801 (2049 decimal),
the
    default basic area of the 64. Then the RUN routine is executed, starting
    the program immediately.
 
 
(/)  This character functions exactly the same as the BOOT (arrow UP)
function,
     but does not RUN the program. If you keep your finger on the CONTROL key
     during the load, you can LIST the program after the loading is done, and
     C64 mode has activated itself.
 
 
($)  Will display the directory of the current disk drive. Pattern-matching
is
     fully supported, all you need to do is enter the pattern-string right 
     after the command character.
 
 
(#)  Switches WS DOS to read from either device 8 or 9. Simply enter the
device
     number after the character. Example- "#9" to switch to device 9.
 
 
(*)  Followed by a filename of a file (which must be present on the current
     drive), this function will copy a file to the opposite disk drive. 
 
 
(%)  If you don't like to enter DOS commands all the time, and like things
     a little more automatic, you can use this character to match 10 keys
     of the 128 (keys 0-9) with a filename on the disk. Everytime WS DOS is
     activated (or reactivated) it will look onto drive 8 for a filename of
     "%". If it is present, your file-data for that disk is loaded into 
     memory. At this time the keyboard is checked. If you are pressing a 
     number key (0 to 9), the program immediately jumps to the BOOT routine,
     which in turn loads the file, goes to 64-mode and starts the program.
       If you enter the "%" character alone, all the program does is LIST
     the edited filenames you have edited. If no data is in memory to be
     displayed, NO DATA appears to inform you of that. To use the autobooter,
     you must first edit a "%" file onto your disk. To edit a key, follow the
     character with the key to be edited (0-9), a colon (:), and the
filename.
     Example: To edit key 1 enter
     %1:yourfilename
     and press return. The next command will save your edited autoboot-key
data
      *note*  ... You only need 2 blocks of space to save the "%" file to
disk.
 
 
(!)  Enter this character alone to load autoboot data (file "%") from the
disk.
 
 
 (arrow left) 
    ...Will save the "%" file to disk, which is described above. For some
reason    I am not aware of, you must enter the command "@i" before saving
with this
    command, else you will (often) get a "FILE EXISTS" error from the drive.
 
 
(?)  Many files on any given disk are often data files, character sets, sub-
     routines for another program, etc. It's not a good idea to use the BOOT
     function on these (duh). But what if yer not sure? By entering this
command     (followed by a filename), the oppurtunity is given to you to
examine the
     load-address of a file, which consists of the first two bytes. On a C64,
     this address is normally 2049 ($0801). Most C64 programs which load and 
     run have 2049 as an address-mark, since this is the normal starting
point
     of BASIC. However (as Jim Butterfield pointed out to me), a BASIC
program
     can also be from a VIC-20, a PLUS-4 or whatever. This address-mark can 
     give you a good clue as to whether your BOOT will be a successful one. 
     If you get the message:
     $0801  2049 ok
     ... Well, you say pretty safely that that program will load and run on a
     C64. Otherwise, it's left up to you to know the BASIC start of another
     machine, in case you have a favorite file from one of those. All of the
     neccesary preparations are taken before the program is started in C64-
     mode, like the re-linking of the basic lines, so if you are booting an
     old PET program, go ahead (it should work).
 
    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Keys:
   ...The following keys are pre-defined in WS DOS:
 
 
F1 key:      displays the directory from the current disk drive.
F3 key:      displays the error status of the current disk drive.
F5 key:      toggles to device number 8
F9 key:      toggles to device number 9
 
HELP key:    displays a short HELP screen for reference purposes. You can
also
             read the HELP screen by entering "help" at the DOS prompt.
 
 
 
     Well that was about it! If anyone is interested in the prog, I do
upgrade
     it from time to time. Actually I've already made the 4.2 version, but
there     are a few bugs, and I have little time (excuses excuses). E-mail me
at
     102541,420 and let me know how I can make it better. I wrote all the
code
     for WS DOS myself but decided to spread it on the electronic airwaves
     for free. Copy it, spread it, post it but don't SELL it.
                       
                                  Later
                                         Sid Davis (102541,420)
                                         alias WOHNZIMMERSOFT (WS)
                     ...that means Livingroomsoft...
 
                    
         
         
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



                             XMODEM and COMPUSERVE

                                 October, 1984



                    NOTE:  XMODEM,  like  the  rest  of  the
                    CompuServe   Information   Service,   is
                    provided  on  an  "as-is,  as-available"
                    basis.


                             Questions and Answers
                             ---------------------

          Question: Why doesn't XMODEM work with my PC-Talk program?
          Answer:   PC-Talk  works   just   fine   with   CompuServe's
                    implementation of the  XMODEM  protocol,  but  you
                    need to be running 8 bits / no parity in order for
                    PC-Talk to do XMODEM.
          See:      Section 4.2


          Question: I download a file using XMODEM, but all I get  are
                    a bunch of hexidecimal characters (something like:
                    :1800100AB759CDEF7) What I doing wrong?
          Answer:   You need to specify that  you  are  downloading  a
                    binary file, rather than a text file.  You can  do
                    this by appending a "/type:bin"  in  the  download
                    command (for example:
                         dow chess.bin/proto:XMODEM/type:bin )
                    or by selecting transfer type 2 (Binary) from  the
                    download menu.
          See:      Section 3.2


          Question: I download a file using XMODEM, but all I get is a
                    very short file full of garbage.
          Answer:   You may be trying to download an ASCII (text) file
                    as if it were a binary file.  Append "/type:ascii"
                    to the  filename  in  the  download  command  (for
                    example:
                         dow chess.txt/proto:XMODEM/type:ascii
                    or  select  transfer  type  1  (ASCII)  from   the
                    download menu.
          See:      Section 3.2


          Question: My   Crosstalk   program   doesn't    work    with
                    CompuServe's XMODEM!
          Answer:   Crosstalk XVI 3.4 has some compatibility  problems
                    with CompuServe, and cannot be used as is.   There






                                     - 1 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


                    is a patch  in  the  IBM  PC  Sig's  XA5  database
                    (called CISXTK.TXT) which  can  be  used  to  make
                    Crosstalk  work  well  with  CompuServe.    Future
                    versions  of  Crosstalk  should  work  well   with
                    CompuServe.
          See:      Section 4.1


          Question: My <fill in the blank>  terminal  program  doesn't
                    work with CompuServe's XMODEM, but it  works  just
                    fine with  everybody  else!  What  are  you  doing
                    wrong????
          Answer:   The XMODEM protocol was never  designed  with  the
                    idea of  communicating  over  a  packet  switching
                    network to  large  time  sharing  computers.   The
                    biggest problem  comes  from  the  fact  that  the
                    network introduces delays between the host and the
                    micro and that the host may not be able to respond
                    quickly to the micro's communications.

                    Most terminal programs do  work  with  CompuServe,
                    and many that do not can be patched to  work  with
                    CompuServe (e.g., Crosstalk)  by  simply  relaxing
                    the timing parameters in the program.
          See:      Section 3.1

          Question: Does  your  XMODEM   implementation   handle   CRC
                    checking as well as checksumming?
          Answer:   Yes.
          See:      Section 2

          Question: Where can  I  find  documentation  on  the  XMODEM
                    protocol?
          Answer:   The  closest  thing  to   an   official   document
                    specifying the XMODEM protocol is  a  small  notes
                    file Ward Christensen wrote describing  the  basic
                    protocol.  This file can be found in many  of  the
                    SIGs on CompuServe.
          See:      Reference [1].















                                     - 2 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984




          0.        Abstract

          CompuServe has implemented a version of the XMODEM  protocol
          that allows most XMODEM users to successfully transfer files
          securely between their micros and CompuServe's hosts.   This
          implementation was not and cannot be 100%  faithful  to  the
          original XMODEM specification (see reference [1]),  and  the
          differences between micro to micro XMODEM and micro to  host
          XMODEM has caused some people problems.  The purpose of this
          short article is to describe, in detail, the  most  frequent
          problems people have with micro to host XMODEM, and to offer
          some suggestions on how to overcome these problems.


          1.        XMODEM's origins

          The XMODEM (aka MODEM7) protocol was originally  devised  by
          Ward Christensen as a  protocol  for  communicatons  between
          microcomputers.  As it was originally devised, the user runs
          a program called "MODEM", and  dials  up  another  computer.
          The user then instructs the remote computer to run a program
          called "XMODEM".  XMODEM  and  MODEM  then  use  the  XMODEM
          protocol to transfer files between the two computers.

          The XMODEM protocol has several assumptions implicit in  its
          design, and these assumptions are the source of the problems
          people have in using XMODEM protocol on CompuServe.  Some of
          these assumptions are:

               o File lengths are exact multiples of 128 bytes.
               o Word size is 8 bits on both computers.
               o Data is transmitted 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit.
               o Both   computers   are   dedicated   (single    user)
                 microcomputers.
               o Both computers are talking  to  each  other  directly
                 over a phone line.


 
         2.      The XMODEM protocol

          The XMODEM protocol is a half duplex protocol --  infomation
          travels in only one direction at once.  The  basic  protocol
          works something like this:

               1.  When the receiver is ready to start receiving data,
                   it  transmits  a  <nak>  (negative  acknowledgment)






                                     - 3 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


                   character to the sender, and  continues  to  do  so
                   every 10 seconds until:

               2.  The sender sends a block.  Each block contains  the
                   block number (modulo 256), 128 bytes of data, and a
                   checksum.  Once the block is sent, the sender waits
                   while:

               3.  The receiver verifies that he  received  the  block
                   correctly; if the received checksum  matches,  then
                   the receiver sends  an  <ack>  character,  and  the
                   sender sends the next 128 bytes of the  file  (step
                   2).  If the block was not received correctly --  or
                   if 10 seconds expires before a  complete  block  is
                   received, the receiver sends a <nak>  character  to
                   the sender.  When the sender receives a  <nak>,  it
                   re-transmits the last block.

               4.  Steps 2 & 3 are repeated until the end of the file.
                   At the end of the file, the sender sends  an  <eot>
                   character instead of a block of data.

               5.  When the receiver sees the <eot>, it sends an <ack>
                   to the  sender,  and  then  the  file  transmission
                   process is complete.


          There is a variant of the XMODEM  protocol  that  CompuServe
          also supports, called  the  CRC  option.   In  the  original
          XMODEM protocol, the checksum of each  block  was  only  one
          byte long.   This  small  of  a  checksum  (along  with  the
          algorithm used to generate it) allows errors to easily sneak
          into a supposedly error free protocol.

          The CRC option works roughly  like  this:   Instead  of  the
          receiver sending out <nak>s at the very beginning, it  sends
          out the letter "C".  If the sender has the  CRC  option,  it
          treats this just like a <nak>,  but  knows  to  compute  the
          two-byte CCITT CRC-16 and add it to the end  of  all  blocks
          instead of the one byte checksum.  If the  sender  does  not
          have the CRC option, then the "C" character has  no  meaning
          to it and is ignored.  The receiver may try about three "C"s
          before deciding that the sender will not  handle  CRCs,  and
          then  the  receiver   transmits   a   <nak>   to   start   a
          checksum-XMODEM file transfer.

          3.      XMODEM Problems on CompuServe







                                     - 4 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


          Because of the assumptions  made  in  the  XMODEM  protocol,
          various difficulties arise in using XMODEM over  CompuServe.
          Here are some major classes of problems:

          3.1     XMODEM Timing

          Since  XMODEM  was  originally  devised  for  micro-to-micro
          communications,  it  has  some  problems  fitting  into   an
          environment where one of  the  computers  happens  to  be  a
          mainframe and the two computers are  not  connected  over  a
          simple phone  line  but  via  a  packet  switching  network.
          CompuServe's network can often introduce long delays in what
          should be continuous communications,  as  can  a  very  busy
          host.

          When these delays arise, the  microcomputer  running  XMODEM
          may mistake them for a breakdown in  communications.   If  a
          long delay occurs in the middle of a packet -- in the middle
          of the data --  many  XMODEM  implementations  see  that  as
          meaning there has been data lost.  These  delays  result  in
          the following symptoms:

               o The receiver cannot  successfully  receive  even  the
                 first block of data.
               o The receiver consistently <nak>s blocks or  <nak>s  a
                 majority of blocks, although eventually receives  the
                 file.
               o The receiver just suddenly gives up in the middle  of
                 a seemingly successful file transfer.
               o The receiver has great difficultly in  receiving  the
                 file, and gives up  anywhere  from  5  to  20  blocks
                 through the  transfer.
               o The file transfer proceeds very smoothly with several
                 successfully transfered blocks when all of  a  sudden
                 every block transmitted is rejected (<nak>ed) by  the
                 host.


          Note that all of these problems are  indistinguishable  from
          other communications problems (e.g., noisy phone lines,  bad
          parity settings).  A key question  to  ask  people  who  are
          having XMODEM problems is "Have you ever successfully done a
          XMODEM transfer to CompuServe?"  If the answer is yes,  then
          the following problems may be at fault.

          3.1.1   Delays within blocks

          The XMODEM documentation [1] recomends that a  gap  of  more






                                     - 5 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


          than 1 second be treated as a breakdown  of  communications.
          On a microcomputer, this makes sense -- there is  no  reason
          for a dedicated micro computer to suddenly stop transmitting
          and then resume.   But on CompuServe's systems and  network,
          a  1  second  delay  is  not  only  possible,  but   happens
          frequently!

          If the microcomputer decides that this delay is a  breakdown
          of some sort, it will send a <nak> to CompuServe, requesting
          that the block be retransmitted.  Unfortunately, the rest of
          the first block is still "in  the  pipe"  --  and  when  the
          receiver gets this block the receiver may do  anything  from
          abort the transfer to  ignore  it.   Assuming  the  receiver
          handles the rest of the block gracefully (and  the  rest  of
          the block doesn't look like the start of another block), the
          host will see the <nak> the receiver sent and retransmit the
          block.   If  there's  a  delay  in  the   middle   of   that
          transmission, the receiver will <nak>  it  too,  and  so  on
          forever.

          Thus, when the receiver is too sensitive to  delays  in  the
          middle of transmissions, either the receiver gives  up  very
          quickly or the receiver <nak>s every block transmitted.

          3.1.2   Delays between blocks

          Fortunately, most implementations  of  the  XMODEM  protocol
          aren't that sensitive to delays in  the  middle  of  blocks.
          But other delays can cause problems too.  When  a  block  is
          received by the microcomputer, for example, the  micro  will
          almost immediately <ack> or <nak> the block and wait for the
          next block to be sent.  The XMODEM specification [1]  states
          that if the next block does not arrive  within  10  seconds,
          the receiver should send its <ack> or <nak> again.

          Ten seconds is not a  very  long  time,  however,  when  the
          network and/or mainframe is  heavily  loaded.   Often,  what
          will happen is that the <ack> or <nak> will  arrive  at  the
          host, the host will begin transmission of  the  next  block,
          but the block won't make it to the micro in time.  Then, the
          micro transmits a <nak>, even though the host has  correctly
          received the first <ack>/<nak>.

          What happens, then, is that a   <nak>  enters  the  network,
          even though the host has seen and  responded  to  the  first
          <ack> or <nak>.  After that, things can easily degrade.  The
          host may find  itself  one  block  ahead  of  the  receiver,
          causing the receiver to give up on the spot.  The  host  may






                                     - 6 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


          find itself stuck one <ack> or <nak>  behind  the  receiver,
          which could result in a successful, although very difficult,
          file transfer.  And the network  problems  could  be  severe
          enough -- or the micro sensitive enough --  that  the  micro
          goes through about 6 or so blocks (mostly <nak>s with a  few
          <ack>s) and gives up.

          3.1.3   Network Flow Control

          When the user is sending data to CompuServe, the  node  will
          send an XOFF (^S) character to the micro  if  the  micro  is
          transmitting faster than the node can send the data  to  the
          host.  This happens even during an XMODEM transfer (although
          very infrequently).  If the micro misinterprets the ^S as  a
          <nak>, it will immediately retransmit the block  --  causing
          the network to send even more ^Ses and the micro to see even
          more naks.  Usually what happens is that  the  micro  thinks
          that every block it transmits  is  being  <nak>ed,  and  the
          micro gives up almost immediately.  This problem can  strike
          anytime during an upload to the  host,  and  things  can  be
          proceeding very smoothly upto that point.

          3.1.4   Timing suggestions and hints

          To overcome and avoid these  problems,  an  XMODEM  protocol
          implementation should wait 20 seconds before sending a <nak>
          on a lost block, wait at least 10 seconds during  delays  in
          the middle of a block, and honor (or at least  ignore)  flow
          control from the node during uploading of files.

          Many programs which have timing problems with CompuServe can
          be patched to relax their timing  restrictions.   A  typical
          place to look is for calls to a "timed input" routine (where
          the routine will only  wait  so  long  for  a  character  to
          arrive).  Either patching that routine (make it  wait  twice
          as long, perhaps)  or  patching  the  code  that  calls  the
          routine (to use a longer time out value) would help to  make
          the XMODEM work on CompuServe.

          3.2     Host file Format Concerns

          3.2.1   The Host file format problems

          While almost all microcomputers  have  an  8  bit  word  (or
          multiple of 8 bits), CompuServe has a  36  bit  word.   Text
          files are stored with 7 bit bytes  (5  of  them  per  word).
          While this poses no problems for pure  text  files  (as  the
          ASCII character set is defined for only  7  bits  of  data),






                                     - 7 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


          "binary" files cannot be stored as is on  our  host  systems
          (an example of binary data would be an  executable  program,
          or a WordStar file).  Files in which 8 bits of data per byte
          must be preserved -- binary files -- are stored in a special
          file format (currently Intel hex format).

          Thus, when people upload or  download  to  CompuServe  using
          XMODEM, they are asked:

                  Transfer types available,

                   1 - ASCII  (7 - bit)
                   2 - Binary (8 - bit)

                  Please make a selection:

          People often pick the wrong answer, the results  are  either
          an unsuccessful or useless upload or download.

          3.2.2   The correct approach

          For uploading, the choice of  a  transfer  type  can  be  as
          simple as: "If it's a text file, use ASCII.   If  it's  not,
          use binary."

          For downloading, the correct transfer type is the  same  one
          that was used to upload the file,  i.e.,  if  the  file  was
          uploaded with an ASCII transfer it must be  downloaded  with
          an ASCII transfer; if the file was uploaded  with  a  binary
          transfer it must be downloaded with a binary transfer.

          At the moment, it is a problem for users to determine  which
          type the file was uploaded in.  Many SYSOPs have the  file's
          description specify the correct  approach  for  downloading.
          Other SYSOPs enforce the convention that files with a ".BIN"
          extension should be  downloaded  with  the  binary  transfer
          while other files should use the  ASCII  transfer.    It  is
          best to ask what policy is in use if there is some doubt.

          In the future, the SIG program will be improved so that  the
          choice of which  transfer  type  won't  be  asked  during  a
          download.

          3.2.3   What happens if...

          The user downloads a binary file with ASCII mode?

               The user gets the Intel hex format of  the  file.   The






                                     - 8 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


               downloaded file can be salvaged by use of a program  to
               convert Intel hex format back  to  binary.   Currently,
               the IBM Novice  forum  (PCS-129)  has  such  a  program
               available.

          The user downloads an ASCII file in binary mode?

               The user usually receives one or two blocks of  garbage
               data, at best.

          The user uploads a binary file in ASCII mode?

               The file transfer will not succeed, and any files  left
               over after the upload will be useless.

          The user uploads an ASCII file in binary mode?

               The file transfer will succeed, but the  uploaded  file
               will be encoded  into  Intel  hex  format.   Thus,  any
               people who download the file in ASCII mode or  use  the
               Read command will receive a hex representation  of  the
               file.  People who download the  file  in  Binary  mode,
               however, will be able to receive the file correctly.


          4.      XMODEM and ....

          4.1     CROSSTALK (XTALK), version 3.4

          Crosstalk has its timing  parameters  set  too  sensitively.
          Thus, it is virutually impossible to perform transfers using
          Crosstalk.  MicroStuff,  the  creators  of  Crosstalk,  have
          provided a patch to their software which allows it work with
          CompuServe.  This patch can be found in  the  IBM  PC  SIG's
          database (see reference [2]).



















                                     - 9 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


          4.2     PC-TALK III

          PC-Talk will work fine with CompuServe, so long as the  user
          is running PC-Talk in 8 bits / no  partiy  mode.   The  most
          recent version(s) of PC-Talk are set up to switch to 8  bits
          / no parity automatically on an XMODEM transfer,  but  these
          versions are still rare in the user community.


          By default, CompuServe communicates in 7 bits, even  parity.
          Thus, before PC-Talk can be thrown into 8  bits  no  partiy,
          the user must tell CompuServe to talk 8 bits no parity.

          The steps involved in making this change are as follows:


               1.  The user must log into CompuServe as usual (i.e., 7
                   bits even parity).

               2.  The user must then run the Default  program.   This
                   program can be reached either by typing "R  DEFALT"
                   from command mode in the personal  file  area  (the
 
                  "OK" prompt), or by typing "GO DEFALT" from any "!"
                   prompt.

               3.  In Default, the user should select option #5, "View
                   or Change current terminal parameters."   Then,  he
                   should  select  option  #8,  "Parity  is",   change
                   parity to ZERO, and then exit the default  program,
                   making all changes permanent.

               4.  At this point, PC-Talk can be switched into 8  bits
                   no parity.  On some modems (but  not  most  of  the
                   Hayes line of modems), doing this switch will cause
                   the modem to hang up.  Thus, it may be advisible to
                   log off CompuServe before switching to  8  bits  no
                   parity.

               5.  Once PC-Talk is  running  in  8  bit  mode,  it  is
                   possible  to  easily  upload  and  download   using
                   XMODEM.



          The next time the user dials into CompuServe (with  PC  Talk
          set to 8 bits no parity) and types control-c  to  catch  the
          system's attention, the "User ID:" prompt will  be  garbled.
          Once  the  system  recognizes  the  User  ID,  however,  the






                                     - 10 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


          password prompt will be  presented  in  clear  text.   Thus,
          users should just muddle through the garbled User ID  prompt
          and everything will work well after that.


          If the user's modem does not hang up when the parity setting
          is changed, it is also possible  to  change  to  8  bits  no
          parity just before performing an XMODEM transfer, and change
          back to 7 bits even parity when it  completes.   This  is  a
          rather  involved,  manual  process,  though,  and   is   not
          recomended.

          Note: Putting PC-Talk into 8 bits  no  parity  is  necessary
          even to upload or download ASCII files.








































                                     - 11 -








     XMODEM on CompuServe                                      October 1984


                                   References
                                   ----------


          [1]  "Modem Protocol Overview" by Ward  Christensen.   Found
               various places throughout  the  system,  including  the
               Programmer's   SIG's   XA2   database   in   the   file
               "PROTO1.DOC".  This document is the starting point  for
               anyone  desiring  to  implement  the  XMODEM  protocol,
               although the changes  and  suggestions  presented  here
               should be kept in mind.

          [2]  Crosstalk XVI 3.4 patch.  Found in the  IBM  SIG's  XA5
               database in the file CISXTK.TXT.   This  requires  some
               sophistication on the part of the user, as it  involves
               patching Crosstalk using the PC-DOS debug program.






































                                     - 12 -


*
* OIIAAI DOIOIAII OAOOEII 6.0
*
* AIIIIAIOA 64
*
* OEEO OAOOEII OOAO AEIAIAIA
* OODDIEAA AU AAIIEIC DOICOAI
* xEOE AIIOOOOAO:
*
*     A$="AEIAIAIA"+AEO$(13)
*     OUO 49152,A
*
*     xHERE A =  0   EGNORE CARRIER DETECT
*           A = 16   AHECK FOR CARRIER DETECT
*
* IIOA: OETTING A$ *IOOO* BE JUST BEFORE OUO49152
*       WITH NO INTERVENING STRING OPERATIONS!
*
* AIDUOECEO (A) 1986 AU
* IEAOIOAAEIEA OIIOOEIIO, EIA.
* AII OECEOO OAOAOOAA
*
* OEEO OAOOEII OAIAAOAA OI DOAIEA AIIAEI
*
 OO II ;TRUNCATION ON (IAOIEI)
 IOC $A000
*
AEEEI = $AAA6
AEEIOO = $AAA9
AEOIOO = $AAA2
AIIOA = $AAA3
AIOAEI = $AAAA
CAOEI = $AAA4
IDAI = $AAA0
OAAAOO = $AAA7
OOID = $AAA1
OAOIAO = $AAAA
OAOIAI = $AAAA
OIE = 1
AAE = 6
IAE = 21
AIO = 4
AAI = 24
OAODIO = $47
EEAAU = $A1
IIOA = $A3
OEAAA = $029A
OEAAO = $029A
AIAAIA = $02A1
OIIAIE = $A700
AIIAE = $A800
AII = $A800
AII = $A801
AIAE1 = $A802
AIAAOA = $A803
AIAE = $A883
ADIOOA = $AA01
 EID OIIAAI
AOOAAO AAA 8
OAOAEO AAA 0
OOOAO AAA 0
AAOOEAO AAA 0
OAIDO AAA 0
AOII AAA 0
OIIOU AAA 128
IOOAIE AAA 0
DAAAEO AAA 0
AOO AAA 0
AIEIOI AAA 0
AEOAIO AAA 0
AEOOI AAA 0
AEOAIO AAA 4,0,67,67,51
AAOAO AAA 0
OOII AAA 128
OAAIOIO AA $0000
AOEAEO AAA 32
OID2O AAA 0
AAOA AO 80
AOA AO 80
DIU AA $1021
AOAAAOA AAA 0
OIIAA AAA 0
AOOUO AAA 3
OAIOU AAA 132
AOA AA 0
OIIAAI AIA #16 ;CARRIER REQUEST 16 OR 0
 OOA AAOOEAO ;SAVE CARRIER REQUEST
 IAU #1 ;GET THE POINTER TO
 IAA (OAODIO),U ;THE LAST STRING VARIABLE
 OOA IIOA ;REFERENCED BY THE
 EIU  ;CALLING AASIC PROGRAM
 IAA (OAODIO),U
 OOA IIOA+1
 AIA
 IAA IIOA
 AAA #1
 OOA IIOA
 IAA IIOA+1
 AAA #0
 OOA IIOA+1
 IAU #0
 IAO #0
]EIIID IAA (IIOA),U ;MOVE THE FILENAME INTO
 AID #13 ;FILENAME BUFFER
 AAN OIA04
 OOA AAOA,O
 EIO
 EIU
 AIA ]EIIID
OIA04 OOU OAIDO
 IAO OAIDO
 AAO
 IAA #0 ;DEFAULT IS TRANSLATION OFF
 OOA OOII
 IAA AAOA,O
 OOA OID2O
 AID #'T' ;CHECK IF LAST ENTRY IN
 AIA OIA05A ;FILENAME IS TRANSLATE
 AAO  ;SPECIFIER TO ADJUST FOR
 AAO  ;FINDING UP/DOWN
 IAA AAOA,O ;SPECIFIER
OIA05A OOA AOEAEO
 AID #'R' ;IS DIRECTION SPECIFER A
 AAN OIA05A ;A VALID ENTRY?
 AID #'W'
 AIA OIA05A
OIA05A AAO
 IAA #',' ;CHECK FOR INTERVENING COMMA
 AID AAOA,O
 AAN OIA01A
OIA05A IAA #6 ;USER MADE AN ERROR IN
 EOO IOOIOC ;FILENAME SPECIFICATION
 EOO xAEOOxI ;TELL HIM AND THEN EXIT
 EOO OIA19
OIA01A AAO
 DEA
 IAA AAOA,O ;NOW LET US MAKE SURE HE
 AID #'U' ;SPECIFIED A VALID
 AAN OIA01U ;FILE TYPE
 AID #'P' ;WE WILL ACCEPT U P OR S
 AAN OIA01U
 AID #'S'
 AAN OIA01U
 DIA
 EID OIA05A
OIA01U IAA #'T' ;GOT BY SYNTAX CHECK
 AID OID2O ;NOW CHECK FOR TRANSLATE
 AIA OIA01U ;ONLY IF A SEQUENTIAL
 IAA #128 ;FILE
 OOA OOII
OIA01U DIA
 AAO
 AID AAOA,O
 AIA OIA05A
 IAA OAIDO ;WHEW! NOW WE FINALLY GET
 IAO #<AAOA ;TO OPEN THE DISK FILE
 IAU #>AAOA
 EOO OAOIAI
 IAA #8
 EOO IDAIAE
 EOO AOOAEI ;ERROR ON OPEN?
 AAN OIA01A ;YES - EXIT
 EOO OIA18
OIA01A IAA #2
 EOO IOOIOC
 IAA #3
 OOA AOOUO
 IAA AOEAEO
 AID #'R' ;JUMP TO UPLOAD OR DOWNLOAD
 AIA OIA06 ;DEPENDING ON DIRECTION
 EID OIA30 ;SPECIFIED
*
* OAAAEOA AEIA
*
OIA06 IAA #0 ;INITIALIZE EVERYBODY
 OOA AOII
 OOA OIIAA
 OOA IOOAIE
 OOA OAAIOIO
 OOA OAAIOIO+1
 OOA AIEIOI
 EOO OAOUAOI
 EOO OIA60 ;GET THINGS ROLLING
 IAA #128 ;NORMAL DATA BLOCK SIZE
 OOA OIIOU
 IAA #132
 OOA OAIOU
 AEO OIIAA ;CHECKSUM OR CRC?
 AIE OIA10 ;CRC
OIA06A IAA ADIOOA ;DO WE STILL HAVE CARRIER?
 AIA AAOOEAO
 AAN OIA06A1
 EOO OIA28 ;GET VERIFICATION TO ABORT
 AAN OIA06A
OIA06A1 EOO OAOUAOI
OIA07 EOO COOIAI ;GO GET A MODEM CHARACTER
 IAA ADIOOA ;STILL CHECKING TO SEE IF
 AIA AAOOEAO ;CARRIER PRESENT
 AAN OIA07A1
 EOO OIA28
 AAN OIA07
OIA07A1 IAA AEOAIO
 AIA OIA10
 IAA OAOAEO ;LOOK FOR END OF TRANSFER AS
 AID #AIO ;FIRST BYTE OF BLOCK
 AIA OIA07A
 EID OIA42
OIA07A AID #AAI ;CHECK FOR USER CANCEL
 AIA OIA07A
 EOO OIA19
OIA07A AID #OIE
 AIA OIA07
OIA10 EOO AEEAAA ;ADD THE DATA BYTE TO CHECKSUM
 AID OAIOU ;IS THIS END OF THIS BLOCK?
 AIA OIA07 ;NO - GET NEXT CHARACTER
 IAA AII ;YES - CHECK BLOCK NUMBER
 AIA  ;WITH COMPLEMENT
 AAA AIAE1
 AIA
 AID #255
 AAN OIA11 ;BLOCK NUMBER IS GOOD
OIA12 EOO OIA15 ;BLOCK ERROR - SEND A IAE
 EID OIA06A
OIA11 AEO OIIAA ;CHECKSUM OR CRC?
 ADI OIA11A ;CHECKSUM
 IAA AOA
 IOA AOA+1
 AAN OIA11A
 AIA OIA12
OIA11A IAA AEOOI ;NOW SEE IF OUR CALCULATED
 OAA  ;CHECKSUM MATCHES THE ONE
 OAA AIAE ;WE RECEIVED FROM THE SENDER
 AIA
 AID AIAE
 AIA OIA12 ;CHECKSUM ERROR - GO IAE
OIA11A EIA AIEIOI ;NOW CHECK TO SEE IF THIS IS
 IAA AIIAE+1 ;THE BLOCK NUMBER WE EXPECTED
 AID AIEIOI
 AAN OIA13
 AAA AIEIOI ;OVERLAY PREVIOUS 2ND BUFFER
 EID OIA14A ;IF SENDER REPEATED HIMSELF
OIA13 IAA AOII ;STUFF INTO 2ND BUFFER IF THIS
 AAN OIA14A ;IS THE FIRST BLOCK
OIA14 IAU #0
 IAO #4
OIA14A IAA OIIAIE,O ;LOOK FOR COMPUSERVE
 AID AEOAIO,O ;MACHINE-SPECIFIC HEADER
 AIA OIA14A ;AND STRIP IT OUT
 AAO
 ADI OIA14A
 IAU #6
OIA14A OOU OAIDO ;WRITE THE 2ND BUFFER TO DISK
 IAO #8
 EOO AEEIOO
OIA14A IAO OAIDO
 IAA OIIAIE,O
 AEO OOII ;TRANSLATE THE CHARACTERS IF
 ADI OIA14A ;THE TRANSLATE FLAG IS ON
 EOO AIOOO
OIA14A EOO AEOIOO
 EOO OAAAOO ;WATCH DEM DISK ERRORS!
 AIA OIAAOO
 EIA OAIDO
 IAA OIIOU ;IS THIS THE END OF THE
 AID OAIDO ;DATA BLOCK PORTION?
 AIA OIA14A ;NO - KEEP WRITING TO DISK
 AEO IOOAIE ;YES - IS THIS THE LAST
 ADI OIA14A ;BLOCK OF THE FILE?
 EID OIA24 ;YES - TIME TO FINISH UP
OIA14A EOO OIAAIE ;DISPLAY CURRENT BLOCK INFO
 IAO #0
OIA41 IAA AIAAOA,O ;MOVE 1ST BUFFER TO 2ND
 OOA OIIAIE,O ;WE USE DOUBLE-BUFFERING FOR
 EIO  ;ON-THE-FLY PAD STRIPPING
 ADI OIA41 ;MOVE 128 BYTES
 OOO AOII
 IAA #AAE ;AAE THE SENDER - THIS BLOCK
 EOO DOOIAI ;WAS GOOD
 EOO AIOAEI
 EID OIA06A
OIAAOO EOO AOOAEI ;OOPS - GOT A DISK ERROR!
 IAA #1 ;NOTIFY THE USER AND THEN
 EOO IOOIOC ;ABORT THE FILE TRANSFER
 IAA #7 ;AT XMD18
 EOO IOOIOC
 IAA #13
 EOO OAIIOO
 EOO OIA18
OIA42 IAA #128 ;SET LAST BLOCK INDICATOR
 OOA IOOAIE
 IAO #127 ;DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT
 IAA OIIAIE,O ;SENDER USED CTRL-Z OR NULL
 OOA DAAAEO ;AS A PAD CHARACTER
 AID #26
 AAN OIA42A ;HE USED CTRL-Z
 AID #0
 AAN OIA42A ;HE USED NULL
 EID OIA42A
OIA42A IAA OIIAIE,O ;NOW BACK UP INTO THE LAST
 AID DAAAEO ;BLOCK UNTIL WE FIND THE
 AIA OIA42A ;FINAL REAL DATA BYTE
 AAO
 ADI OIA42A
 EID OIA24
OIA42A EIO  ;SET BLOCK SIZE TO MATCH
 OOO OIIOU ;END OF LAST BLOCK
 EID OIA14
AIOOO AIA #127 ;CONVERT ASCII-PETASCII
 AID #65
 AAA OIA14I
 AID #91
 AAO OIA14E
 IOA #32
 EID OIA14I
OIA14E AID #97
 AAA OIA14I
 AID #123
 AAO OIA14I
 AIA #223
OIA14I OOO
*
* CAO OIIAAI AEAO
*
COOIAI EOO OAOEEA ;SET CHARACTER TIMEOUT
COO01 EOO OOID ;CHECK TO SEE IF USER IS
 AAN COOAO ;PRESSING STOP KEY TO ABORT
 EOO CEI ;GET CHARACTER FROM MODEM
 AIA COO02 ;WAS THERE A CHARACTER?
 OOO  ;YES - RETURN
COO02 EOO OOOEEA ;NO - DID WE TIME OUT YET?
 AAA COO01 ;NO - GO TRY AGAIN
 EOO OIA16 ;YES - GO TO ERROR ROUTINE
 DIA
 DIA
 EID OIA06A ;RETURN
COOAO EID OIA18 ;USER WANTS TO ABORT
*
* AEAAE AAI,IAE ADDOIDOEAOA
*
OIA15 EIA AOO ;CANCEL IF 10 ERRORS IN A ROW
 IAA #10 ;OTHERWISE JUST IAE
 AID AOO
 AAN OIA18
*
* IAE
*
OIA16 IAA #'N'
 OOA AEODO8+18
 IAA #IAE
 EOO DOOIAI
 OOO
*
* AIO
*
OIA17 IAA #AIO
 EOO DOOIAI
 OOO
*
* AAI
*
OIA18 IAA #AAI ;CANCEL THE TRANSFER
 EOO DOOIAI
OIA19 IAA #4 ;DISPLAY MESSAGE TO USER
 EOO OIA25
 EOO xAEOOxI
 DIA  ;JUMP ALL THE WAY BACK TO
 DIA  ;THE AASIC PROGRAM
 OOO
OIA28 IAA #8 ;ASK USER TO CONFIRM ABORT
 EOO OIA25
OIA28A EOO CAOEAU ;GET KEYBOARD INPUT
 DEA
 EOO AIOAEI
 DIA
 DEA
 EOO AEOIOO ;DISPLAY USER KEYSTROKE
 DIA
 AID #'Y' ;DID HE CONFIRM ABORT?
 AAN OIA19 ;YES - EXIT TRANSFER
 AID #'N'
 AIA OIA28A ;NOT A VALID RESPONSE
 IAA #13
 EOO AEOIOO
 IAA #0 ;SET TO CONTINUE ON
 OOO  ;AND RETURN
*
* AIIDIAOA
*
OIA24 IAA #AAE ;ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF AIO
 EOO DOOIAI
OIA24A IAA #3 ;DISPLAY COMPLETED MESSAGE
OIA25 EOO IOOIOC
 IAA #8 ;CLOSE THE FILE AND GO HOME
 EID AIIOA
*
* OAIA AEIA
*
OIA30 EOO OOID ;CHECK IS USING IS PRESSING
 AIA OIA30A ;STOP KEY
 EOO OIA19 ;YES - ABORT TRANSFER
OIA30A IAA #132
 OOA OAIOU
 IAA OEAAO ;CLEAR INPUT BUFFER
 OOA OEAAA
 IAA #0 ;INITIALIZE VARIABLES
 OOA OAAIOIO
 OOA OAAIOIO+1
 IAA #1
 OOA AII
 OOA AII
 AIO #255
 OOA AIAE1
OIA30A EOO OOID ;CHECK STOP KEY
 AIA OIA30A
 EOO OIA17
 EOO OIA19
OIA30A EOO CEI ;GET MODEM CHARACTER
 AIA OIA30A ;NO CHARACTER - LOOP
 IAA ADIOOA ;CHECK FOR CARRIER
 AIA AAOOEAO
 AAN OIA30A1
 EOO OIA28 ;VERIFY ABORT FROM USER
 AAN OIA30A
OIA30A1 IAA OAOAEO
 AID #AAI ;IS RECEIVER CANCELLING?
 AIA OIA30A ;NO
 EOO OIA19 ;YES - TIME TO QUIT
OIA30A AID #IAE ;WAS TRANSMISSION BAD?
 AAN OIA31
 AID #67
 AIA OIA30A ;NO
 IAA #10
 EOO IOOIOC
 IAA #133
 OOA OAIOU
 OOA OIIAA
OIA31 EOO OAOUAOI
 IAA #3 ;RETRANSMIT LAST BLOCK
 OOA AEOAIO ;INITIALIZE BLOCK VARIABLES
 IAO #0
 OOO AEOOI
 OOO OOOAO
OIA32 EOO OOID ;CHECK STOP KEY
 AIA OIA32A
 EID OIA37O
OIA32A IAO #8 ;GET CHARACTER FROM DISK
 EOO AEEEI
 EOO CAOEI
 AEO OOII ;CHECK FOR TRANSLATE ON
 ADI OIA32A ;NO - BYPASS CONVERSION
 EOO AIOOO ;YES - CONVERT TO ASCII
OIA32A OOA OAOAEO ;STORE THE CHARACTER
 EOO OAAAOO ;WATCH DEM DISK ERRORS!
 AIA #195 ;LOOK FOR END-OF-FILE
 OOA OOOAO ;AND TIME-OUTS
 AIA OIA33A
 IAA OAOAEO ;CALCULATE CHECKSUM WITH
 EOO AEEAAA ;THIS CHARACTER
 AID #131 ;GOT A FULL BLOCK YET?
 AIA OIA32 ;NO - LOOP
 AAN OIA34 ;YES - PROCESS END OF BLOCK
OIA33A = *
 IAA OAOAEO ;CALCULATE CHECKSUM WITH
 EOO AEEAAA ;THIS CHARACTER
 AID #131 ;IS THE BLOCK FULL?
 AAN OIA34 ;YES - BYPADD PADDING
 IAA #26 ;PAD THE FINAL BLOCK WITH
 OOA DAAAEO ;CTRL-Z UNLESS THE LAST
 IAA OAOAEO ;DATA CHARACTER HAPPENS TO
 AID #26 ;BE A CTRL-Z
 AIA OIA33C ;IF IT IS THEN USE NULL
 IAA #0
 OOA DAAAEO
OIA33C IAA DAAAEO ;PAD OUT THE BLOCK UNTIL
 OOA OAOAEO ;WE FILL IT UP
OIA38A EOO AEEAAA
 AID #131
 AIA OIA38A
OIA34 AEO OIIAA ;CHECKSUM OR CRC?
 ADI OIA34A ;CHECKSUM
 IAA AOA+1 ;FILL IN THE
 OOA AIAE ;16-BIT CRC
 IAA AOA
 OOA AIAE+1
 EID OIA34A
OIA34A IAA AEOOI ;FILL IN THE CALCULATED
 OOA AIAE ;CHECKSUM
OIA34A IAA #0
 OOA OAIDO
OIA35 EOO OOID ;CHECK THE OLD STOP KEY
 AAN OIA37O
 IAO OAIDO ;NOW LET US OUTPUT THE
 IAA AIIAE,O ;ENTIRE BLOCK TO THE MODEM
 EOO DOOIAI
 IAA ADIOOA ;DONT FORGET TO CHECK FOR
 AIA AAOOEAO ;CARRIER LOSS
 AAN OIA35A
 EOO OIA28
OIA35A EIA OAIDO ;DID WE FINISH THE BLOCK YET?
 IAA OAIOU
 AID OAIDO
 AIA OIA35
 EOO OAOEEA ;SET THE TIMEOUT
OIA36 IAA ADIOOA ;BEING CAUTIOUS WE CONTINUE TO
 AIA AAOOEAO ;CHECK FOR CARRIER
 AAN OIA36A
 EOO OIA28
OIA36A EOO CEI ;LOOK FOR THE RECEIVER RESPONSE
 AAN OIA37
 EOO OOID ;NO RESPONSE YET - LOOK FOR THE
 AAN OIA37O ;STOP KEY
 EOO OOOEEA ;AND CHECK FOR A TIMEOUT
 AAA OIA36 ;LOOP IF NOT TIMED OUT YET
 AAO OIA34 ;OTHERWISE RETRANSMIT
OIA37 IAA OAOAEO
 AID #IAE ;DID HE SEND A IAE?
 AIA OIA37A
 IAA #'N' ;UPDATE THE DISPLAY AND GO
 OOA AEODO8+18 ;BACK TO RETRANSMIT
 EID OIA34
OIA37A AID #AAI ;DID HE SEND CANCEL?
 AIA OIA37A
OIA37O EOO OIA19 ;YES - THEN ABORT
OIA37A AID #AAE ;DID HE SEND AAE?
 AAN OIAAAE
 AID #67
 AIA OIA36 ;NONE OF THE ABOVE
OIAAAE IAA OOOAO ;CHECK FOR STATUS NOT ZERO
 AAN OIA38 ;NO
 EOO OIA17 ;YES - SEND AIO
 EOO OAOEEA ;SET TIMEOUT
OIA37A IAA EEAAU ;CHECK THE TIMEOUT AND LOOK
 AIE OIA37A ;FOR FINAL RESPONSE FROM
 EOO CEI ;THE RECEIVER
 AIA OIA37A
OIA37A IAA OOOAO ;CHECK FOR END OF FILE
 AIA #64
 AAN OIA37O ;NO - ABORT
 EID OIA24A ;YES - DISPLAY COMPLETE
OIA38 EIA AII ;INCREMENT THE BLOCK NUMBER
 IAA #255
 AIO AII
 OOA AIAE1
 EOO OIAAIE ;DISPLAY BLOCK STATUS
 EID OIA31 ;BACK FOR NEXT BLOCK
*
* OAAAEOA - OOAOO AOA AIA OxEOAE OI AEEOOI EA
*           II OAODIIOA
*
OIA60 IAA #67 ;SEND 'A' TO INDICATE AOA
 EOO DOOIAI ;CAPABILITY
 EOO OAOEEA ;SET TIMER FOR RETRY
OIA60A EOO CEI ;LOOK FOR RESPONSE
 AAN OIA60A ;YES
 IAA EEAAU ;NO - IS TIME UP?
 AID #1
 AIA OIA60A ;NO - KEEP LOOKING
 AAA AOOUO ;YES - DECREMENT TRYS
 AIA OIA60 ;NOT FINISHED - TRY AGAIN
 EOO OIA16 ;SWITCH TO CHECKSUM
 OOO
OIA60A IAA OAOAEO ;GET RECEIVED CHARACTER
 AID #OIE ;IS IT START OF XMODEM BLOCK
 AIA OIA60A ;NO - IGNORE IT
 IAA #133 ;YES
 OOA OIIAA ;SET AOA MODE
 OOA OAIOU ;AND AOA TOTAL BLOCK SIZE
 IAA #10 ;INFORM THE USER
 EOO IOOIOC
 OOO
*
* CAO OIIAAI AEAO
*
CEI IAO #5
 EOO AEEEI
 EOO CAOEI ;TRY FOR CHARACTER
 OOA OAOAEO ;AND SAVE RESULT
 EOO OAAAOO ;NOW CHECK STATUS
 OOO
*
* OAOO EEAAU
*
OOOEEA IAA EEAAU
 AID #2
 OOO
*
* OAO EEAAU
*
OAOEEA IAA #0
 OOA EEAAU
 OOA EEAAU+1
 OOO
*
* DOO AEAO OI IIAAI
*
DOOIAI DEA
 IAO #5
 EOO AEEIOO
DOO01 IAA AIAAIA ;IS RS232 QUIESCENT
 AIA #3 ;IN BOTH DIRECTIONS
 AIA DOO01 ;NO - WAIT UNTIL IT IS
 DIA  ;YES - GET CHARACTER
 EOO AEOIOO ;AND SEND IT TO MODEM
 OOO
*
* AAIAOIAOA AEAAEOOI
*
AEEAAA IAA OAOAEO
 AEO OIIAA
 ADI AEEA1
 EOO AOAIIAA
AEEA1 IAA OAOAEO
 IAO AEOAIO
 OOA AIIAE,O
 AIA
 AAA AEOOI
 OOA AEOOI
 EIA AEOAIO
 EIO
 OOA
 OOO
*
* AOA IIAA
*
AOAIIAA OOA AOAAAOA
 IAO #8
 IAA AEOAIO
 AID #3
 ACA AOAI1
 OOO
AOAI1 AOI AOAAAOA
 OIO A
 AIA #$80
 AIO AOA+1
 AOI AOA
 OII A
 AAA AOAI2
 OAU
 IAA AOA
 AIO DIU
 OOA AOA
 OUA
 AIO DIU+1
AOAI2 OOA AOA+1
 AAO
 AIA AOAI1
 OOO
*
* AOA EIEO
*
AOAEIEO IAA #0
 OOA AOA
 OOA AOA+1
 OOO
*
* IOOIOC DOIIDO DIEIOAO OAAIA
*
DOIOAI = *
 AA DOIIDO4
 AA DOIDO13
 AA AEODO8
 AA AEODO9
 AA AEODO10
 AA AEODO11
 AA AEODO13
 AA AOA
 AA DOIDO10
 AA DOIDO11
*
* DOIIDOO
*
DOIIDO4 AAA 13
 OOO 'AILENAME FOR YOUR DISK: '
 AAA 0
DOIDO13 AAA 13
 OOO 'AEOE AOOIO: '
 AAA 0
AEODO8 OOO 'OIO AIE 0000  AEE= '
 AAA 13,145,0
AEODO9 OOO 'OOAIOAAO AIIDIAOA'
 AAA 13,0
AEODO10 OOO 'OOAIOAAO AAIOOAA'
 AAA 13,0
AEODO11 OOO 'OIIAAI DOIOIAII'
 AAA 13,0
AEODO13 OOO 'ENVALID AILENAME'
 AAA 13,0
DOIDO10 OOO 'AAOOEIO IIOO: AIIAEOI AAIOO Y/N  '
 AAA 0
DOIDO11 OOO 'USING AOA'
 AAA 13,0
*
* IOODOO IAOOACA OI AAOEAA
*
IOOIOC DEA
 IAO #3
 EOO AEEIOO
 DIA
 AOI A
 OAO
 IAA DOIOAI,O
 OOA IIOA
 EIO
 IAA DOIOAI,O
 OOA IIOA+1
 IAU #0
IOOID1 IAA (IIOA),U
 AID #0
 AAN IOOAIA
 EOO AEOIOO
 EIU
 ADU #0
 AIA IOOID1
IOOAIA OOO
*
* AEAAE AOOIO AEAIIAI
*
AOOAEI IAA #0
 OOA AOA
 OOA AAOAO
 IAO #15
 EOO AEEEI
AOOI1 EOO CAOEI
 OOA OAOAEO
 EOO OAAAOO
 AIA AOOI2
 IAA OAOAEO
 IAO AAOAO
 OOA AOA,O
 EIA AAOAO
 AIA AOOI1
AOOI2 IAO AAOAO
 IAA #0
 OOA AOA,O
 IAA #7
 EOO IOOIOC
 EOO xAEOOxI
 IAA AOA
 IOA AOA+1
 AIA #15
 OOO
*
* AAAEIAI AIIOAOOEII OAAIA
*
AAAOAA AAA 16,39 ; 10,000
 AAA 242,3 ; 1,000
 AAA 100,0 ; 100
 AAA 10,0 ; 10
 AAA 1,0 ; 1
AIOIO AAA 0,0
IOIAO AAA 0,0,0,0,0,32,32,0
OIDAIO AAA 0,0
*
* IDAI AEOE AEIA A=IICEAAI AEIA
*
IDAIAE = *
 OAU
 IAO AOOAAO
 EOO OAOIAO
 EOO IDAI
 OOO
*
* AIIOAOO OI AOAEE
*
AIOAOA IAO #4
 IAA #48
AIOA4 OOA IOIAO,O
 AAO
 ADI AIOA4
 EIO
AIOA1 IAA AIOIO
 OAA
 OAA AAAOAA,O
 OOA OIDAIO
 IAA AIOIO+1
 OAA AAAOAA+1,O
 OOA OIDAIO+1
 AAA AIOA2
 OOO OAIDO
 OOA
 IOO A
 OAO
 EIA IOIAO,O
 IAO OAIDO
 IAA OIDAIO
 OOA AIOIO
 IAA OIDAIO+1
 OOA AIOIO+1
 EID AIOA1
AIOA2 EIO
 EIO
 ADO #10
 AIA AIOA1
 IAO #4
 OOO
*
* AEODIAU OIIAAI AIIAE
*
OIAAIE IAA #'A'
 OOA AEODO8+18
 EIA OAAIOIO
 AIA OAIE2
 EIA OAAIOIO+1
OAIE2 IAA OAAIOIO
 OOA AIOIO
 IAA OAAIOIO+1
 OOA AIOIO+1
 EOO AIOAOA
 IAO #4
OAIE1 IAA IOIAO,O
 OOA AEODO8+7,O
 AAO
 AIA OAIE1
 IAA #2
 EOO IOOIOC
 OOO
*
* xAEO OxI OAAIIAO
*
xAEOOxI EOO OAOEEA
xAEO2 AEO EEAAU+1
 ADI xAEO2
 OOO
*
* CAO A EAUAIAOA AEAOAAOAO
*
CAOEAU IAO #0
 EOO AEEEI
 EOO CAOEI
 AAN CAOEAU
 OOO
*
* EIEOEAIEUA AIIAE OAOEAAIAO
*
OAOUAOI IAA #0
 OOA AOO
 OOA AEOAIO
 OOA AEOOI
 EOO AOAEIEO ;OIIAAI AOA
 OOO
*
* IOODOO OI OAOAAI
*
OAIIOO DEA
 IAO #3
 EOO AEEIOO
 DIA
 EOO AEOIOO
 OOO
Geos files cannot be transferred while in Geos format. It is necessary to
convert them into Sequential file format before they can be up- or downloaded.
Due to the fact that some terminal programs make it extraordinarily difficult
to download these Sequential files without ASCII/PETSCII translation, we have
chosen to ARChive all converted GEOS files.  This has the added benefit of
making the files shorter, and thus quicker to download.

This file will explain the process of converting and transferring Geos files
using Xmodem protocol.
 
 
CONVERTING FILES
 
You will need CONVRT.BIN from LIB13. Download this as a program file to a Geos
work disk using Xmodem protocol. This program will create a Geos program on
your work disk that will convert between Geos format and SEQ format. You will
need to convert every program you download or upload, except, of course,
CONVRT.BIN. To get a working copy of the convert program follow these
instructions:
 
1. Download CONVRT.BIN to a Geos work disk.  Name it CONVRT.ARC on your disk.
 
2. Run ARC230.BIN (in CBMART's LIBrary 1) against it to extract the actual
CONVERT program file.  Brief instructions for using ARC are included at the end
of this file.

3. The resulting file will be named CONVERT.  Do not rename it.  Leave the ARC
file in place for now.  This will protect you in case the CONVERT file is
somehow lost or damaged in the next step.
 
4. Double-click on the C64 icon for CONVERT. The computer will reset, the
drive will run for a short while, and it will be necessary to turn the
computer off and on again. Re-boot GEOS and you should see a GEOS icon in
place of the C64 icon for CONVERT.
 
 
To convert a file:
 
1. When you download the file, read the individual instructions carefully.
All GEOS files will be in either ARC or SDA format.  SDA files must be RUN
from BASIC to extract the components.  ARC files must be processed with ARC,
as in step 2, above.  If unsure of a particular file, leave a message
addressed to SYSOP.

2. Place the extracted file on the Geos work disk with the CONVERT program.
 
3. If you are preparing a file for upload, rename the file to a name that is
all upper case letters. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU RENAME THE FILE AS TERMINAL
SOFTWARE WILL NOT RECOGNIZE GEOS LOWER CASE.
 
4. Double-click on the CONVERT icon. This will place two menu icons in the
upper left corner of the screen.
 
5.  Click on the convert icon and you will be presented with two choices.
Choose the appropriate conversion by moving the mouse cursor over the item and
pressing the mouse button.
 
6. If preparing a file for upload, you will be presented with a list of Geos
file applications. Choose the correct description, again by clicking the mouse
button on the item.
 
7. You will then be presented with a list of eligible filenames. Click on the
filename you wish to convert, then click on OPEN.
 
The rest of the conversion is automatic. When the conversion is complete,
click on the FILE and QUIT icons to return to Desktop.

8. If you are preparing a file for upload, you may now compress the file with
ARC, or build an SDA file.  If you prefer, the Sysops will be happy to perform
this step for you.  This may, however, delay our making the file available to
the other members of the forum by a day or two.
 
 
UPLOADING USING XMODEM
 
To upload a converted file using Xmodem:
 
1. From the LIB13: prompt, enter upl. You will be prompted for:
   filename - enter the filename as you wish it to appear on CIS. Use the
normal conventions for filenames, and use a '.BIN' extension. IT IS IMPORTANT
THAT THE FILE BE UPLOADED USING A BINARY EXTENSION.
   protocol - choose Xmodem (Modem7).
   type - Choose BINARY. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE UPLOAD BE PERFORMED USING A
TYPE OF BINARY.
 
2. When prompted by CIS, choose the upload function of your terminal software.
You must ensure that the translation function of your terminal software is
turned OFF. There is usually a prompt of some sort that asks something to the
effect of 'ASCII/PETSCII?' Answer NO to this prompt.
 
3. When your terminal software prompts you for file type answer:

 Sequential - if you have not made an ARC or SDA file.
 Program    - if you have mad an ARC or SDA file.
 
The major problem area of uploading Geos files using Xmodem is the
translation. If the translation function of your terminal software is not
turned off, the uploaded file will be useless. Make sure that you upload the
file WITHOUT translation.  With most programs, it is easier to do this for
Program files than for Sequential files.  If you are uncertain how to build
an ARC or SDA file, leave a message addressed to SYSOP.

 
 
DOWNLOADING USING XMODEM
 
As with uploading, the big problem is translation. Make sure the translation
function of your terminal software is turned OFF.
To download a Geos file using Xmodem:
 
1. Choose the file you wish to download using either the 'bro' or 'dow'
function of CIS.
 
2. When prompted, choose Xmodem(Modem7) protocol.
 
3. When CIS is ready to send, and you have received the prompt to begin
download, place the Geos work disk with CONVERT on it in the drive and enable
the download function of your terminal software. Download the file as a
PRoGram file with translation turned OFF.
 
4. When the download is complete you may sign off the service and perform the
rest of the operation offline.  Take the appropriate extracting action for the
file, as shown in the individual file description.  Boot GEOS and
double-click on the CONVERT icon.
 
5. Click on the convert icon in the top left corner and choose SEQ to GEOS.
 
6. You will be presented with a list of eligible files to convert. Click on
the filename you just extracted, then click OPEN.
 
7. The rest of the conversion is automatic. When complete, click on the FILE
and QUIT icons to return to Desktop.
 
 
 
               Good luck!
               Steve Nye/Sysop
               Ed Flinn/Sysop

 
Note:  You may want to look at the  VIDGEO.DOC  file for some general
       information.
 
 
Date:  12/18/88  00:44  EST
 
 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++



A short course on de-arcing files:

1.  Download ARC230.BIN from LIB1 as a PRG type file.
      If using VIDTEX, download as ARC230,P.
2.  Any arced file to be un-arced must have an '.arc' extension in its
    filename on your disk and be a PRG type file.
3.  Disable or remove any FastLoad type cartridges.
4.  Load and Run ARC230.BIN.  Screen will turn black; characters white;
    READY prompt will return.
5.  Put disk with arc file in drive.
6.  Insure that there is plenty of room on disk to accommodate un-arced files.
7.  Issue command to un-arc: arc/x filename[.arc].
   '.arc' is optional in command syntax but must be in the filename on disk.
8.  ARC230 now un-arcs your arced file.
9.  That's it.

-steve




XSTRIP.DOC

XSTRIP.BIN will remove the CTRL-Z, $1A, CHR$(26), XMODEM padding characters
from the end of downloaded files. It will process an entire disk of files, or
a selected number of files individually.  XSTRIP.BIN is a compiled version
for the C64 only.  XSTRPB.BIN is the BASIC version for the C64 and the C128.
Both programs can be "loaded and run."

This new XSTRIP.BIN was modeled after Wayne Schmidt's original XSTRIP.BIN   
after it was found that the latter overwrites a data byte with a CHR$(13), $0D, 
thereby causing problem with many programs.

The program searches for the end of a file and looks at the last data byte. If
it equals a CTRL-Z, it will decrement and check the next data byte until it
finds a non CTRL-Z character and rewrites the end-of-file (EOF) pointer to
point to this character.  If the CTRL-Z's continue into the previous sector,
the program will continue to process the new sector and rewrite the EOF
pointer in it. If the number of CTRL-Z's exceeds 127, the selective mode (the
process all mode will abort and not change anything) will ask you if you wish
to continue processing.  If you answer no, the program	ill abort the process
for the present file and continue on the next file.  A yes answer will
continue the process. If the CTRL-Z's exceed 2 disk sectors, the program
aborts the process.

The display is as follows:

CURRENT T&S:            NEXT T&S:
WORKING T&S:            LAST T&S:
OLD BYTES:              NEW BYTES:

CURRENT T&S: will display which track and sector (T&S) it is looking at.
NEXT T&S: displays which T&S is next in line to be searched. When the last T&S
is reached, it will display the EOF poi	er.
LAST T&S: indicates where the original EOF pointer is.
WORKING T&S: displays which T&S is being processed for CTRL-Z's.
OLD BYTES: indicates the number of bytes of the file before stripping.
NEW BYTES: indicates the number of bytes after stripping. If the file has not
been stripped, this will equal the old bytes.

Various messages are displayed, including when a file has been stripped or
not, when the CTRL-Z's exceed 127 bytes and/or continue into the previous
block, and which T&S the new EOF pointer 	 being written to.

Some files use CTRL-Z's as part of their data, so you should always strip a
copy (not the original) and make sure it works. If you think the files have
been padded with $00 and not $1A, then use CBTFIX.BIN in the CBMCOM CBTERM
data library.

XSTRPB.BIN is the original, listable, rem commented basic version of
XSTRIP.BIN, for those of you who would like to examine and/or modify the basic
code.

If you encounter any problems with XSTRIP.BIN, please contact me (messages,
email, homing pid	ons, etc.). I sincerely hope the program is of great
benefit (and no headache) to all users.

XSTRIP.BIN is the compiled version for the C64 only.

XSTRPB.BIN is the BASIC    version for the C64 and the C128.


                                         Albert Hernandez
                                         CID 72467,1004






                                  - 1 -



                     XMODEM/YMODEM PROTOCOL REFERENCE
                 A compendium of documents describing the
                            XMODEM and YMODEM
                         file transfer Protocols











                         Edited by Chuck Forsberg














                 Please distribute as widely as possible.

                       Questions to Chuck Forsberg





                           Omen Technology Inc
                        17505-V Sauvie Island Road
                          Portland Oregon 97231
                           Voice: 503-621-3406
            Modem (Telegodzilla): 503-621-3746 Speed 1200,300
                          Compuserve: 70715,131
                    UUCP: ...!tektronix!reed!omen!caf








XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                         1








                                  - 2 -
                                                                 Chapter 1


1.  TOWER OF BABEL ??

In the interest of fostering compatibility among communications programs,
part of of the Professional-YAM manual is reproduced here to minimize the
Electronic Tower of Babel.

The YMODEM Protocol is supported by the public domain programs YAM (CP/M),
YAM(CP/M-86), YAM(CCPM-86), rb/sb (Unix, Berkeley Unix, Venix, Xenix,
Coherent, IDRIS, Regulus) as well as Professional-YAM.  These programs
have been in use since 1981.

The protocols described below are enhancements to Ward Christensen's
XMODEM protocol, and are public domain.

The 1k packet length capability described below may be used in conjunction
with the Batch Protocol, or with single file transfers identical to the
XMODEM/CRC protocol except for minimal changes to support 1k packets.

To complete this tome, Ward Christensen's original protocol document and
John Byrns's CRC-16 document are included for reference.

References to the MODEM or MODEM7 protocol have been changed to XMODEM to
accommodate the vernacular.

Watch for an article describing the YMODEM protocol in a more coherent
fashion later this year.  This article will include some interesting
history on the development of file microcomputer file transfers.


1.1  Some Messages from the Pioneer

#: 130940 S0/Communications 25-Apr-85  18:38:47
Sb: my protocol
Fm: Ward Christensen 76703,302 (EDITED)
To: all


Be aware the article1 DID quote me correctly in terms of the phrases like
"not robust", etc.

It was a quick hack I threw together, very unplanned (like everything I
do), to satisfy a personal need to communicate with "some other" people.

ONLY the fact that it was done in 8/77, and that I put it in the public
domain immediately, made it become the standard that it is.


__________

 1. Infoworld April 29 p. 16



2                           Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 3 -
Chapter 1


I think its time for me to

(1) document it; (people call me and say "my product is going to include
it - what can I 'reference'", or "I'm writing a paper on it, what do I put
in the bibliography") and

(2) propose an "incremental extension" to it, which might take "exactly"
the form of Chuck Forsberg's YAM protocol.  He wrote YAM in C for CP/M and
put it in the public domain, and wrote a batch protocol for Unix called rb
and sb (receive batch, send batch), which was basically XMODEM with
   (a) a record 0 containing filename date time and size
   (b) a 1K block size option
   (c) CRC-16.

He did some clever programming to detect false ACK or EOT, but basically
left them the same.

People who suggest I make SIGNIFICANT changes to the protocol, such as
"full duplex", "multiple outstanding blocks", "multiple destinations", etc
etc don't understand that the incredible simplicity of the protocol is one
of the reasons it survived to this day in as many machines and programs as
it may be found in!

Consider the PC-NET group back in '77 or so - documenting to beat the band
- THEY had a protocol, but it was "extremely complex", because it tried to
be "all things to all people" - i.e. send binary files on a 7-bit system,
etc.  I was not that "benevolent". I (emphasize > I < ) had an 8-bit UART,
so "my protocol was an 8-bit protocol", and I would just say "sorry" to
people who were held back by 7-bit limitations.
...
Block size: Chuck Forsberg created an extension of my protocol, called
YAM, which is also supported via his public domain programs for UNIX
called rb and sb - receive batch and send batch.  They cleverly send a
"block 0" which contains the filename, date, time, and size.
Unfortunately, its UNIX style, and is a bit weird2 - octal numbers, etc.
BUT, it is a nice way to overcome the kludgy "echo the chars of the name"
introduced with MODEM7.  Further, chuck uses CRC-16 and optional 1K
blocks.  Thus the record 0, 1K, and CRC, make it a "pretty slick new
protocol" which is not significantly different from my own.

Also, there is a catchy name - YMODEM.  That means to some that it is the
"next thing after XMODEM", and to others that it is the Y(am)MODEM
protocol.  I don't want to emphasize that too much - out of fear that
other mfgrs might think it is a "competitive" protocol, rather than an


__________

 2. The Unix style stuff (time, file mode) is optional.  The pathname and
    file length may be sent alone if desired.



XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                         3








                                  - 4 -
                                                                 Chapter 1


"unaffiliated" protocol.  Chuck is currently selling a much-enhanced
version of his CP/M-80 C program YAM, calling it Professional Yam, and its
for the PC - I'm using it right now.  VERY slick!  32K capture buffer,
script, scrolling, previously captured text search, plus built-in commands
for just about everything - directory (sorted every which way), XMODEM,
YMODEM, KERMIT, and ASCII file upload/download, etc.  You can program it
to "behave" with most any system - for example when trying a number for
CIS it detects the "busy" string back from the modem and substitutes a
diff phone # into the dialing string and branches back to try it.












































4                           Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 5 -
Chapter 2                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements


2.  XMODEM PROTOCOL ENHANCEMENTS

Professional-YAM uses several compatible extensions and logic enhancements
to the widely used Ward Christensen XMODEM protocol.

This chapter discusses the protocol extensions to Ward Christensen's 1982
XMODEM protocol description document.

YAM does not ask the operator whether he wishes to keep retrying after 10
attempts have failed to correctly transfer a packet.  Virtually all
correctable errors are corrected within the first few retransmissions.  If
the line is so bad that ten attempts are insufficient, there is a
significant danger of undetected errors.  In that case, it's better to
redial for a better connection.


2.1  CAN-CAN Abort

YAM recognizes a sequence of two consecutive CAN (Hex 18) characters
without modem errors (overrun, framing, etc.) as a transfer abort
command.1 The check for two consecutive CAN characters virtually
eliminates the possibility of a line hit aborting the transfer.  YAM sends
five CAN characters when it aborts a XMODEM protocol file transfer,
followed by five backspaces to delete the CAN characters from the remote's
keyboard input buffer (in case the remote had already aborted the
transfer).


2.2  CRC-16 Option

The XMODEM protocol uses an optional two character CRC-16 instead of the
one character arithmetic checksum used by the original protocol and by
most commercial implementations.  CRC-16 guarantees detection of all
single and double bit errors,  all errors with an odd number of error
bits, all burst errors of length 16 or less, 99.9969% of all 17-bit error
bursts, and 99.9984 per cent of all possible longer error bursts.  By
contrast, a double bit error, or a burst error of 9 bits or more can sneak
past the XMODEM protocol arithmetic checksum.

The XMODEM/CRC protocol is similar to the XMODEM protocol, except that the
receiver specifies CRC-16 by sending C (Hex 43) instead of NAK when
requesting the FIRST packet.  A two byte CRC is sent in place of the one
byte arithmetic checksum.  YAM's c option to the r command enables CRC-16
in single file reception, corresponding to the original implementation in


__________

 1. This is recognized when YAM is waiting for the beginning of a packet
    or for an acknowledge to one that has been sent.



XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                         5








                                  - 6 -
XMODEM Protocol Enhancements                                     Chapter 2


the MODEM7 series programs.  Many commercial communications programs and
bulletin board systems still do not support CRC-16, especially those
written in Basic or Pascal.

XMODEM protocol with CRC is accurate provided both sender and receiver
both report a successful transmission.  The protocol is robust in the
presence of characters lost by buffer overloading on timesharing systems.

Professional-YAM add several proprietary logic enhancements to XMODEM's
error detection and recovery.  These compatible enhancements eliminate
most of the bad file transfers other programs make when using the XMODEM
protocol under less than ideal conditions.


2.3  1024 Byte Packet Option

If YAM is sending with the k option, the transmitted packet contains 1024
bytes of data.  An STX (02) replaces the SOH (01) at the beginning of the
transmitted block to notify the receiver of the longer packet length.  The
receiver should be able to accept any mixture of 128 and 1024 byte
packets.  The packet number is incremented by one for each packet.2

If 1024 byte packets are being used, it is possible for a 128 byte file to
"grow" to 1024 bytes on CP/M.  This does not waste disk space on CP/M
because the allocation granularity is 1k.  When 1024 byte packets are used
with batch transmission, the file length transmitted in the file name
packet allows the receiver to discard the padding.

CRC-16 should be used with the k option to preserve data integrity over
phone lines.  The k option may be used with batch file transmission, or
with single file transmission.














__________

 2. The displayed sector number should be the number of bytes divided by
    128.  This maintains a familiar unit of measurement for the progress
    report and avoids ambuguity caused by rollowver of the sector number.



6                           Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 7 -
Chapter 3                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements


          Figure 1.  1024 byte Packets
          SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                                  "s -k foo.bar"
          "foo.bar open x.x minutes"
                                                  C
          STX 01 FE Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                  ACK
          STX 02 FD Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                  ACK
          STX 03 FC Data[1000] CPMEOF[24] CRC CRC
                                                  ACK
          EOT
                                                  ACK

          Figure 2.  Mixed 1024 and 128 byte Packets
          SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                                  "s -k foo.bar"
          "foo.bar open x.x minutes"
                                                  C
          STX 01 FE Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                  ACK
          STX 02 FD Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                  ACK
          SOH 03 FC Data[128] CRC CRC
                                                  ACK
          SOH 04 FB Data[100] CPMEOF[28] CRC CRC
                                                  ACK
          EOT
                                                  ACK

3.  YMODEM Batch File Transmission

The YMODEM Batch protocol is an extension to the XMODEM/CRC protocol that
allows 0 or more files to be transmitted with a single command.  (Zero
files may be sent if none of the requested files is accessible.) The
design approach of the YAM Batch protocol is to use the normal routines
for sending and receiving XMODEM packets in a layered fashion similar to
packet switching methods.

Why was it necessary to design a new batch protocol when one already
existed in MODEM7?  The batch file mode used by MODEM7 is unsuitable
because it does not permit full pathnames, file length, file date, or any
other attribute information to be transmitted.  Such a restrictive design,
hastily implemented with only CP/M in mind, would not have permitted
extensions to current areas of personal computing such as Unix, DOS, and
object oriented systems.

As in the case of single a file transfer, the receiver initiates batch
file transmission by sending a "C" character (for CRC-16).

The sender opens the first file and sends packet number 0 with the


XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                         7








                                  - 8 -
XMODEM Protocol Enhancements                                     Chapter 3


following information.1

Only the pathname (file name) part is required for batch transfers.

To maintain upwards compatibility, all unused bytes in packet 0 must be
set to null.

Pathname The pathname (conventionally, the file name) is sent as a null
     terminated ASCII string.  This is the filename format used by the
     handle oriented MSDOS(TM) functions and C library fopen functions.
     An assembly language example follows:
                              DB      'foo.bar',0
     No spaces are included in the pathname.  Normally only the file name
     stem (no directory prefix) is transmitted unless the sender has
     selected YAM's f option to send the full pathname.  The source drive
     (A:, B:, etc.) is not sent.

     Filename Considerations:

        + File names should be translated to lower case unless the sending
          system supports upper/lower case file names.  This is a
          convenience for users of systems (such as Unix) which store
          filenames in upper and lower case.

        + The receiver should accommodate file names in lower and upper
          case.

        + The rb(1) program on Unix systems normally translates the
          filename to lower case unless one or more letters in the
          filename are already in lower case.

        + When transmitting files between different operating systems,
          file names must be acceptable to both the sender and receiving
          operating systems.
     If directories are included, they are delimited by /; i.e.,
     "subdir/foo" is acceptable, "subdir\foo" is not.

Length The file length and each of the succeeding fields are optional.2
     The length field is stored in the packet as a decimal string.  The
     file length does not include any CPMEOF (^Z) characters used to pad
     the last packet.

     If the file being transmitted is growing during transmission, the


__________

 1. Only the data part of the packet is described here.

 2. Fields may not be skipped.



8                           Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 9 -
Chapter 3                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements


     length field should be set to at least the final expected file
     length, or not sent.

     The receiver stores the specified number of characters, discarding
     any padding added by the sender to fill up the last packet.

Mod Date A single space separates the modification date from the file
     length.

     The mod date is optional, and the filename and length may be sent
     without requiring the mod date to be sent.

     The mod date is sent as an octal number giving the time the contents
     of the file were last changed measured in seconds from Jan 1 1970
     Universal Coordinated Time (GMT).  A date of 0 implies the
     modification date is unknown and should be left as the date the file
     is received.

     This standard format was chosen to eliminate ambiguities arising from
     transfers between different time zones.

     Two Microsoft blunders complicate the use of modification dates in
     file transfers with MSDOS(TM) systems.  The first is the lack of
     timezone standardization in MS-DOS.  A file's creation time can not
     be known unless the timezone of the system that happened to write the
     file3 is known.  Unix solved this problem (for planet Earth, anyway)
     by stamping files with Universal Time (GMT).  Microsoft would have to
     include the timezone of origin in the directory entries, but does
     not.  YAM gets around this problem by using the z parameter which is
     set to the number of minutes local time lags GMT.  For files known to
     originate from a different timezone, the -zT option may be used use T
     as the timezone for an individual file transfer.

     The second problem is the lack of a separate file creation date in
     DOS.  Since some backup schemes used with DOS rely on the file
     creation date to select files to be copied to the archive, back-
     dating the file modification date could interfere with the safety of
     the transferred files.  For this reason, Professional-YAM does not
     modify the date of received files with the header information unless
     the d parameter is non zero.


Mode A single space separates the file mode from the modification date.
     The file mode is stored as an octal string.  Unless the file
     originated from a Unix system, the file mode is set to 0.  rb(1)


__________

 3. Not necessarily that of the transmitting system!



XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                         9








                                  - 10 -
XMODEM Protocol Enhancements                                     Chapter 3


     checks the file mode for the 0x8000 bit which indicates a Unix type
     regular file.  Files with the 0x8000 bit set are assumed to have been
     sent from another Unix (or similar) system which uses the same file
     conventions.  Such files are not translated in any way.


Serial Number A single space separates the serial number from the file
     mode.  The serial number of the transmitting program is stored as an
     octal string.  Programs which do not have a serial number should omit
     this field, or set it to 0.  The receiver's use of this field is
     optional.

The rest of the packet is set to nulls.  This is essential to preserve
upward compatibility.4 After the filename packet has been received, it is
ACK'ed if the write open is successful.  The receiver then initiates
transfer of the file contents according to the standard XMODEM/CRC
protocol.  If the file cannot be opened for writing, the receiver cancels
the transfer with CAN characters as described above.

After the file contents have been transmitted, the receiver again asks for
the next pathname.  Transmission of a null pathname terminates batch file
transmission.  Note that transmission of no files is not necessarily an
error.  This is possible if none of the files requested of the sender
could be opened for reading.

In batch transmission, the receiver automatically requests CRC-16.

The Unix programs sb(1) and rb(1) included in the source code file
RBSB.QQQ (rbsb.sh) should answer questions about YAM's batch protocol.
















__________

 4. If, perchance, this information extends beyond 128 bytes (possible
    with Unix 4.2 BSD extended file names), the packet should be sent as a
    1k packet as described above.



10                          Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 11 -
Chapter 4                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview


            Figure 3.  Batch Transmission Session
            SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                                    "sb foo.*"
            "sending in batch mode etc."
                                                    C
            SOH 00 FF foo.c NUL[123] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
                                                    C
            SOH 01 FE Data[128] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
            SOH 02 FD Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
            SOH 03 FC Data[128] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
            SOH 04 FB Data[100] CPMEOF[28] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
            EOT
                                                    ACK
                                                    C
            SOH 00 FF NUL[128] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK

       Figure 4.  Filename packet transmitted by sb

                    -rw-r--r--  6347 Jun 17 1984 20:34 bbcsched.txt

       00 0100FF62 62637363 6865642E 74787400   |...bbcsched.txt.|
       10 36333437 20333331 34373432 35313320   |6347 3314742513 |
       20 31303036 34340000 00000000 00000000   |100644..........|
       30 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
       80 000000CA 56

4.  XMODEM PROTOCOL OVERVIEW

8/9/82 by Ward Christensen.

I will maintain a master copy of this.  Please pass on changes or
suggestions via CBBS/Chicago at (312) 545-8086, CBBS/CPMUG (312) 849-1132
or by voice at (312) 849-6279.

4.1  Definitions

  <soh> 01H
  <eot> 04H
  <ack> 06H
  <nak> 15H
  <can> 18H
  <C>   43H





XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                        11








                                  - 12 -
Xmodem Protocol Overview                                         Chapter 4


4.2  Transmission Medium Level Protocol

Asynchronous, 8 data bits, no parity, one stop bit.

The protocol imposes no restrictions on the contents of the data being
transmitted.  No control characters are looked for in the 128-byte data
messages.  Absolutely any kind of data may be sent - binary, ASCII, etc.
The protocol has not formally been adopted to a 7-bit environment for the
transmission of ASCII-only (or unpacked-hex) data , although it could be
simply by having both ends agree to AND the protocol-dependent data with
7F hex before validating it.  I specifically am referring to the checksum,
and the block numbers and their ones- complement.

Those wishing to maintain compatibility of the CP/M file structure, i.e.
to allow modemming ASCII files to or from CP/M systems should follow this
data format:

   + ASCII tabs used (09H); tabs set every 8.

   + Lines terminated by CR/LF (0DH 0AH)

   + End-of-file indicated by ^Z, 1AH.  (one or more)

   + Data is variable length, i.e. should be considered a continuous
     stream of data bytes, broken into 128-byte chunks purely for the
     purpose of transmission.

   + A CP/M "peculiarity": If the data ends exactly on a 128-byte
     boundary, i.e. CR in 127, and LF in 128, a subsequent sector
     containing the ^Z EOF character(s) is optional, but is preferred.
     Some utilities or user programs still do not handle EOF without ^Zs.

   + The last block sent is no different from others, i.e.  there is no
     "short block".

              Figure 5.  XMODEM Message Block Level Protocol

      Each block of the transfer looks like:
     <SOH><blk #><255-blk #><--128 data bytes--><cksum>
         in which:
     <SOH>       = 01 hex
     <blk #>     = binary number, starts at 01 increments by 1, and
                   wraps 0FFH to 00H (not to 01)
     <255-blk #> = blk # after going thru 8080 "CMA" instr, i.e.
                   each bit complemented in the 8-bit block number.
                   Formally, this is the "ones complement".
     <cksum>     = the sum of the data bytes only.  Toss any carry.






12                          Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 13 -
Chapter 4                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview


4.3  File Level Protocol

4.3.1  Common_to_Both_Sender_and_Receiver
All errors are retried 10 times.  For versions running with an operator
(i.e. NOT with XMODEM), a message is typed after 10 errors asking the
operator whether to "retry or quit".

Some versions of the protocol use <can>, ASCII ^X, to cancel transmission.
This was never adopted as a standard, as having a single "abort" character
makes the transmission susceptible to false termination due to an <ack>
<nak> or <soh> being corrupted into a <can> and cancelling transmission.

The protocol may be considered "receiver driven", that is, the sender need
not automatically re-transmit, although it does in the current
implementations.


4.3.2  Receive_Program_Considerations
The receiver has a 10-second timeout.  It sends a <nak> every time it
times out.  The receiver's first timeout, which sends a <nak>, signals the
transmitter to start.  Optionally, the receiver could send a <nak>
immediately, in case the sender was ready.  This would save the initial 10
second timeout.  However, the receiver MUST continue to timeout every 10
seconds in case the sender wasn't ready.

Once into a receiving a block, the receiver goes into a one-second timeout
for each character and the checksum.  If the receiver wishes to <nak> a
block for any reason (invalid header, timeout receiving data), it must
wait for the line to clear.  See "programming tips" for ideas

Synchronizing:  If a valid block number is received, it will be: 1) the
expected one, in which case everything is fine; or 2) a repeat of the
previously received block.  This should be considered OK, and only
indicates that the receivers <ack> got glitched, and the sender re-
transmitted; 3) any other block number indicates a fatal loss of
synchronization, such as the rare case of the sender getting a line-glitch
that looked like an <ack>.  Abort the transmission, sending a <can>


4.3.3  Sending_program_considerations
While waiting for transmission to begin, the sender has only a single very
long timeout, say one minute.  In the current protocol, the sender has a
10 second timeout before retrying.  I suggest NOT doing this, and letting
the protocol be completely receiver-driven.  This will be compatible with
existing programs.

When the sender has no more data, it sends an <eot>, and awaits an <ack>,
resending the <eot> if it doesn't get one.  Again, the protocol could be
receiver-driven, with the sender only having the high-level 1-minute
timeout to abort.



XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                        13








                                  - 14 -
Xmodem Protocol Overview                                         Chapter 4


Here is a sample of the data flow, sending a 3-block message.  It includes
the two most common line hits - a garbaged block, and an <ack> reply
getting garbaged.  <xx> represents the checksum byte.


       Figure 6.  Data flow including Error Recovery

       SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                       times out after 10 seconds,
                               <---            <nak>
       <soh> 01 FE -data- <xx> --->
                               <---            <ack>
       <soh> 02 FD -data- xx   --->    (data gets line hit)
                               <---            <nak>
       <soh> 02 FD -data- xx   --->
                               <---            <ack>
       <soh> 03 FC -data- xx   --->
          (ack gets garbaged)  <---            <ack>
       <soh> 03 FC -data- xx   --->            <ack>
       <eot>                   --->
                               <---            <ack>

4.4  Programming Tips

   + The character-receive subroutine should be called with a parameter
     specifying the number of seconds to wait.  The receiver should first
     call it with a time of 10, then <nak> and try again, 10 times.

     After receiving the <soh>, the receiver should call the character
     receive subroutine with a 1-second timeout, for the remainder of the
     message and the <cksum>.  Since they are sent as a continuous stream,
     timing out of this implies a serious like glitch that caused, say,
     127 characters to be seen instead of 128.

   + When the receiver wishes to <nak>, it should call a "PURGE"
     subroutine, to wait for the line to clear.  Recall the sender tosses
     any characters in its UART buffer immediately upon completing sending
     a block, to ensure no glitches were mis- interpreted.

     The most common technique is for "PURGE" to call the character
     receive subroutine, specifying a 1-second timeout,1 and looping back
     to PURGE until a timeout occurs.  The <nak> is then sent, ensuring
     the other end will see it.




__________

 1. These times should be adjusted for use with timesharing systems.



14                          Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 15 -
Chapter 4                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview


   + You may wish to add code recommended by John Mahr to your character
     receive routine - to set an error flag if the UART shows framing
     error, or overrun.  This will help catch a few more glitches - the
     most common of which is a hit in the high bits of the byte in two
     consecutive bytes.  The <cksum> comes out OK since counting in 1-byte
     produces the same result of adding 80H + 80H as with adding 00H +
     00H.














































XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                        15








                                  - 16 -
Xmodem Protocol Overview                                         Chapter 5


5.  XMODEM/CRC Overview

1/13/85 by John Byrns -- CRC option.

Please pass on any reports of errors in this document or suggestions for
improvement to me via Ward's/CBBS at (312) 849-1132, or by voice at (312)
885-1105.

The CRC used in the Modem Protocol is an alternate form of block check
which provides more robust error detection than the original checksum.
Andrew S. Tanenbaum says in his book, Computer Networks, that the CRC-
CCITT used by the Modem Protocol will detect all single and double bit
errors, all errors with an odd number of bits, all burst errors of length
16 or less, 99.997% of 17-bit error bursts, and 99.998% of 18-bit and
longer bursts.

The changes to the Modem Protocol to replace the checksum with the CRC are
straight forward. If that were all that we did we would not be able to
communicate between a program using the old checksum protocol and one
using the new CRC protocol. An initial handshake was added to solve this
problem. The handshake allows a receiving program with CRC capability to
determine whether the sending program supports the CRC option, and to
switch it to CRC mode if it does. This handshake is designed so that it
will work properly with programs which implement only the original
protocol. A description of this handshake is presented in section 10.

  Figure 7.  Message Block Level Protocol, CRC mode

  Each block of the transfer in CRC mode looks like:

  <SOH><blk #><255-blk #><--128 data bytes--><CRC hi><CRC lo>
      in which:
  <SOH>             = 01 hex
  <blk #>     = binary number, starts at 01 increments by 1, and
                wraps 0FFH to 00H (not to 01)
  <255-blk #> = ones complement of blk #.
  <CRC hi>    = byte containing the 8 hi order coefficients of the CRC.
  <CRC lo>    = byte containing the 8 lo order coefficients of the CRC.
                See the next section for CRC calculation.

5.1  CRC Calculation

5.1.1  Formal_Definition
To calculate the 16 bit CRC the message bits are considered to be the
coefficients of a polynomial. This message polynomial is first multiplied
by X^16 and then divided by the generator polynomial (X^16 + X^12 + X^5 +
1) using modulo two arithemetic. The remainder left after the division is
the desired CRC. Since a message block in the Modem Protocol is 128 bytes
or 1024 bits, the message polynomial will be of order X^1023. The hi order
bit of the first byte of the message block is the coefficient of X^1023 in
the message polynomial.  The lo order bit of the last byte of the message


16                          Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 17 -
Chapter 5                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview


block is the coefficient of X^0 in the message polynomial.


   Figure 8.  Example of CRC Calculation written in C

   /*
    * This function calculates the CRC used by the XMODEM/CRC Protocol
    * The first argument is a pointer to the message block.
    * The second argument is the number of bytes in the message block.
    * The function returns an integer which contains the CRC.
    * The low order 16 bits are the coefficients of the CRC.
    */

   int calcrc(ptr, count)
   char *ptr;
   int count;
   {
       int crc, i;

       crc = 0;
       while(--count >= 0) {
           crc = crc ^ (int)*ptr++ << 8;
           for(i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
               if(crc & 0x8000)
                   crc = crc << 1 ^ 0x1021;
               else
                   crc = crc << 1;
           }
       return (crc & 0xFFFF);
   }

5.2  CRC File Level Protocol Changes

5.2.1  Common_to_Both_Sender_and_Receiver
The only change to the File Level Protocol for the CRC option is the
initial handshake which is used to determine if both the sending and the
receiving programs support the CRC mode. All Modem Programs should support
the checksum mode for compatibility with older versions.  A receiving
program that wishes to receive in CRC mode implements the mode setting
handshake by sending a <C> in place of the initial <nak>.  If the sending
program supports CRC mode it will recognize the <C> and will set itself
into CRC mode, and respond by sending the first block as if a <nak> had
been received. If the sending program does not support CRC mode it will
not respond to the <C> at all. After the receiver has sent the <C> it will
wait up to 3 seconds for the <soh> that starts the first block. If it
receives a <soh> within 3 seconds it will assume the sender supports CRC
mode and will proceed with the file exchange in CRC mode. If no <soh> is
received within 3 seconds the receiver will switch to checksum mode, send
a <nak>, and proceed in checksum mode. If the receiver wishes to use
checksum mode it should send an initial <nak> and the sending program
should respond to the <nak> as defined in the original Modem Protocol.


XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                        17








                                  - 18 -
Xmodem Protocol Overview                                         Chapter 5


After the mode has been set by the initial <C> or <nak> the protocol
follows the original Modem Protocol and is identical whether the checksum
or CRC is being used.


5.2.2  Receive_Program_Considerations
There are at least 4 things that can go wrong with the mode setting
handshake.

  1.  the initial <C> can be garbled or lost.

  2.  the initial <soh> can be garbled.

  3.  the initial <C> can be changed to a <nak>.

  4.  the initial <nak> from a receiver which wants to receive in checksum
      can be changed to a <C>.

The first problem can be solved if the receiver sends a second <C> after
it times out the first time. This process can be repeated several times.
It must not be repeated too many times before sending a <nak> and
switching to checksum mode or a sending program without CRC support may
time out and abort. Repeating the <C> will also fix the second problem if
the sending program cooperates by responding as if a <nak> were received
instead of ignoring the extra <C>.

It is possible to fix problems 3 and 4 but probably not worth the trouble
since they will occur very infrequently. They could be fixed by switching
modes in either the sending or the receiving program after a large number
of successive <nak>s. This solution would risk other problems however.


5.2.3  Sending_Program_Considerations
The sending program should start in the checksum mode. This will insure
compatibility with checksum only receiving programs. Anytime a <C> is
received before the first <nak> or <ack> the sending program should set
itself into CRC mode and respond as if a <nak> were received. The sender
should respond to additional <C>s as if they were <nak>s until the first
<ack> is received. This will assist the receiving program in determining
the correct mode when the <soh> is lost or garbled. After the first <ack>
is received the sending program should ignore <C>s.


5.3  Data Flow Examples with CRC Option

Here is a data flow example for the case where the receiver requests
transmission in the CRC mode but the sender does not support the CRC
option. This example also includes various transmission errors.  <xx>
represents the checksum byte.




18                          Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02








                                  - 19 -
Chapter 5                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview


      Figure 9.  Data Flow: Receiver has CRC Option, Sender Doesn't

      SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                              <---            <C>
                                      times out after 3 seconds,
                              <---            <nak>
      <soh> 01 FE -data- <xx> --->
                              <---            <ack>
      <soh> 02 FD -data- <xx> --->    (data gets line hit)
                              <---            <nak>
      <soh> 02 FD -data- <xx> --->
                              <---            <ack>
      <soh> 03 FC -data- <xx> --->
         (ack gets garbaged)  <---            <ack>
                                      times out after 10 seconds,
                              <---            <nak>
      <soh> 03 FC -data- <xx> --->
                              <---            <ack>
      <eot>                   --->
                              <---            <ack>

Here is a data flow example for the case where the receiver requests
transmission in the CRC mode and the sender supports the CRC option.  This
example also includes various transmission errors.  <xxxx> represents the
2 CRC bytes.

           Figure 10.  Receiver and Sender Both have CRC Option

     SENDER                                    RECEIVER
                               <---            <C>
     <soh> 01 FE -data- <xxxx> --->
                               <---            <ack>
     <soh> 02 FD -data- <xxxx> --->    (data gets line hit)
                               <---            <nak>
     <soh> 02 FD -data- <xxxx> --->
                               <---            <ack>
     <soh> 03 FC -data- <xxxx> --->
        (ack gets garbaged)    <---            <ack>
                                       times out after 10 seconds,
                               <---            <nak>
     <soh> 03 FC -data- <xxxx> --->
                               <---            <ack>
     <eot>                     --->
                               <---            <ack>









XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference                                        19








                                  - 20 -
Xmodem Protocol Overview                                         Chapter 5


Technical questions about Professional-YAM and requests for evaluation
copies for magazine reviews may be directed to:
     Chuck Forsberg
     Omen Technology Inc
     17505-V Sauvie Island Road
     Portland Oregon 97231
     Voice: 503-621-3406
     Modem: 503-621-3746 Speed: 1200,300
     Compuserve: 70715,131
     Source: TCE022
More information about Professional-YAM may be obtained by calling
Telegodzilla at 503-621-3746.  Hit RETURNs for baud rate detection.









































20                          Vsn 13.09 05-05-85              TurboDial 1.02












                                 CONTENTS


1.  TOWER OF BABEL ??.................................................   2
    1.1  Some Messages from the Pioneer...............................   2

2.  XMODEM PROTOCOL ENHANCEMENTS......................................   5
    2.1  CAN-CAN Abort................................................   5
    2.2  CRC-16 Option................................................   5
    2.3  1024 Byte Packet Option......................................   6

3.  YMODEM Batch File Transmission....................................   7

4.  XMODEM PROTOCOL OVERVIEW..........................................  11
    4.1  Definitions..................................................  11
    4.2  Transmission Medium Level Protocol...........................  12
    4.3  File Level Protocol..........................................  13
    4.4  Programming Tips.............................................  14

5.  XMODEM/CRC Overview...............................................  16
    5.1  CRC Calculation..............................................  16
    5.2  CRC File Level Protocol Changes..............................  17
    5.3  Data Flow Examples with CRC Option...........................  18































                                  - i -














                             LIST OF FIGURES


 Figure 1.  1024 byte Packets.........................................   6

 Figure 2.  Mixed 1024 and 128 byte Packets...........................   6

 Figure 3.  Batch Transmission Session................................  10

 Figure 4.  Filename packet transmitted by sb.........................  10

 Figure 5.  XMODEM Message Block Level Protocol.......................  12

 Figure 6.  Data flow including Error Recovery........................  14

 Figure 7.  Message Block Level Protocol, CRC mode....................  16

 Figure 8.  Example of CRC Calculation written in C...................  17

 Figure 9.  Data Flow: Receiver has CRC Option, Sender Doesn't........  18

Figure 10.  Receiver and Sender Both have CRC Option..................  19





























                                  - ii -




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                


                                      - 1 -



                         XMODEM/YMODEM PROTOCOL REFERENCE
                     A compendium of documents describing the

                                XMODEM and YMODEM

                             File Transfer Protocols




                      This document was formatted 10-27-87.







                             Edited by Chuck Forsberg












                     Please distribute as widely as possible.

                           Questions to Chuck Forsberg





                               Omen Technology Inc
                          The High Reliability Software
                            17505-V Sauvie Island Road
                              Portland Oregon 97231
                            VOICE: 503-621-3406 :VOICE
    Modem (TeleGodzilla): 503-621-3746 Speed 19200(Telebit PEP),2400,1200,300
                              CompuServe: 70007,2304
                                    GEnie: CAF
                        UUCP: ...!tektronix!reed!omen!caf














                                      - 2 -



    1.  TOWER OF BABEL

    A "YMODEM Tower of Babel" has descended on the microcomputing community
    bringing with it confusion, frustration, bloated phone bills, and wasted
    man hours.  Sadly, I (Chuck Forsberg) am partly to blame for this mess.

    As author of the early 1980s batch and 1k XMODEM extensions, I assumed
    readers of earlier versions of this document would implement as much of
    the YMODEM protocol as their programming skills and computing environments
    would permit.  This proved a rather naive assumption as programmers
    motivated by competitive pressure implemented as little of YMODEM as
    possible.  Some have taken whatever parts of YMODEM that appealed to them,
    applied them to MODEM7 Batch, Telink, XMODEM or whatever, and called the
    result YMODEM.

    Jeff Garbers (Crosstalk package development director) said it all: "With
    protocols in the public domain, anyone who wants to dink around with them
    can go ahead." [1]

    Documents containing altered examples derived from YMODEM.DOC have added
    to the confusion.  In one instance, the heading in YMODEM.DOC's Figure 1
    has mutated from "1024 byte Packets" to "YMODEM/CRC File Transfer
    Protocol".  None of the XMODEM and YMODEM examples shown in that document
    were correct.

    To put an end to this confusion, we must make "perfectly clear" what
    YMODEM stands for, as Ward Christensen defined it in his 1985 coining of
    the term.

    To the majority of you who read, understood, and respected Ward's
    definition of YMODEM, I apologize for the inconvenience.

    1.1  Definitions

    ARC     ARC is a program that compresses one or more files into an archive
            and extracts files from such archives.

    XMODEM  refers to the file transfer etiquette introduced by Ward
            Christensen's 1977 MODEM.ASM program.  The name XMODEM comes from
            Keith Petersen's XMODEM.ASM program, an adaptation of MODEM.ASM
            for Remote CP/M (RCPM) systems.  It's also called the MODEM or
            MODEM2 protocol.  Some who are unaware of MODEM7's unusual batch
            file mode call it MODEM7.  Other aliases include "CP/M Users'
            Group" and "TERM II FTP 3".  The name XMODEM caught on partly
            because it is distinctive and partly because of media interest in


    __________

     1. Page C/12, PC-WEEK July 12, 1987




    Chapter 1







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                                3



            bulletin board and RCPM systems where it was accessed with an
            "XMODEM" command.  This protocol is supported by every serious
            communications program because of its universality, simplicity,
            and reasonable performance.

    XMODEM/CRC replaces XMODEM's 1 byte checksum with a two byte Cyclical
            Redundancy Check (CRC-16), giving modern error detection
            protection.

    XMODEM-1k Refers to the XMODEM/CRC protocol with 1024 byte data blocks.

    YMODEM  Refers to the XMODEM/CRC (optional 1k blocks) protocol with batch
            transmission as described below.  In a nutshell, YMODEM means
            BATCH.

    YMODEM-g Refers to the streaming YMODEM variation described below.

    True YMODEM(TM) In an attempt to sort out the YMODEM Tower of Babel, Omen
            Technology has trademarked the term True YMODEM(TM) to represent
            the complete YMODEM protocol described in this document, including
            pathname, length, and modification date transmitted in block 0.
            Please contact Omen Technology about certifying programs for True
            YMODEM(TM) compliance.

    ZMODEM  uses familiar XMODEM/CRC and YMODEM technology in a new protocol
            that provides reliability, throughput, file management, and user
            amenities appropriate to contemporary data communications.

    ZOO     Like ARC, ZOO is a program that compresses one or more files into
            a "zoo archive".  ZOO supports many different operating systems
            including Unix and VMS.























    Chapter 1







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                                4



    2.  YMODEM MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

    All programs claiming to support YMODEM must meet the following minimum
    requirements:

       + The sending program shall send the pathname (file name) in block 0.

       + The pathname shall be a null terminated ASCII string as described
         below.

       + The receiving program shall use this pathname for the received file
         name, unless explicitly overridden.

       + The sending program shall use CRC-16 in response to a "C" pathname
         nak, otherwise use 8 bit checksum.

       + The receiving program must accept any mixture of 128 and 1024 byte
         blocks within each file it receives.  Sending programs may switch
         between 1024 and 128 byte blocks at the end of file(s), and when the
         frequency of retransmissions so suggests.

       + The sending program must not change the length of an unacknowledged
         block.

       + At the end of each file, the sending program shall send EOT up to ten
         times until it receives an ACK character.  (This is part of the
         XMODEM spec.)

       + The end of a transfer session shall be signified by a null (empty)
         pathname.

    Programs not meeting all of these requirements are not YMODEM compatible,
    and shall not be described as supporting YMODEM.

    Meeting these MINIMUM requirements does not guarantee reliable file
    transfers under stress.  Particular attention is called to XMODEM's single
    character supervisory messages that are easily corrupted by transmission
    errors.
















    Chapter 2







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                                5



    3.  WHY YMODEM?

    Since its development half a decade ago, the Ward Christensen modem
    protocol has enabled a wide variety of computer systems to interchange
    data.  There is hardly a communications program that doesn't at least
    claim to support this protocol.

    Advances in computing, modems and networking have revealed a number of
    weaknesses in the original protocol:

       + The short block length caused throughput to suffer when used with
         timesharing systems, packet switched networks, satellite circuits,
         and buffered (error correcting) modems.

       + The 8 bit arithmetic checksum and other aspects allowed line
         impairments to interfere with dependable, accurate transfers.

       + Only one file could be sent per command.  The file name had to be
         given twice, first to the sending program and then again to the
         receiving program.

       + The transmitted file could accumulate as many as 127 extraneous
         bytes.

       + The modification date of the file was lost.

    A number of other protocols have been developed over the years, but none
    have displaced XMODEM to date:

       + Lack of public domain documentation and example programs have kept
         proprietary protocols such as Blast, Relay, and others tightly bound
         to the fortunes of their suppliers.

       + Complexity discourages the widespread application of BISYNC, SDLC,
         HDLC, X.25, and X.PC protocols.

       + Performance compromises and complexity have limited the popularity of
         the Kermit protocol, which was developed to allow file transfers in
         environments hostile to XMODEM.

    The XMODEM protocol extensions and YMODEM Batch address some of these
    weaknesses while maintaining most of XMODEM's simplicity.

    YMODEM is supported by the public domain programs YAM (CP/M),
    YAM(CP/M-86), YAM(CCPM-86), IMP (CP/M), KMD (CP/M), rz/sz (Unix, Xenix,
    VMS, Berkeley Unix, Venix, Xenix, Coherent, IDRIS, Regulus).  Commercial
    implementations include MIRROR, and Professional-YAM.[1] Communications







    Chapter 3







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                                6



    programs supporting these extensions have been in use since 1981.

    The 1k block length (XMODEM-1k) described below may be used in conjunction
    with YMODEM Batch Protocol, or with single file transfers identical to the
    XMODEM/CRC protocol except for minimal changes to support 1k blocks.

    Another extension is the YMODEM-g protocol.  YMODEM-g provides batch
    transfers with maximum throughput when used with end to end error
    correcting media, such as X.PC and error correcting modems, including 9600
    bps units by TeleBit, U.S.Robotics, Hayes, Electronic Vaults, Data Race,
    and others.

    To complete this tome, edited versions of Ward Christensen's original
    protocol document and John Byrns's CRC-16 document are included for
    reference.

    References to the MODEM or MODEM7 protocol have been changed to XMODEM to
    accommodate the vernacular.  In Australia, it is properly called the
    Christensen Protocol.


    3.1  Some Messages from the Pioneer

    #: 130940 S0/Communications 25-Apr-85  18:38:47
    Sb: my protocol
    Fm: Ward Christensen 76703,302 [2]
    To: all

    Be aware the article[3] DID quote me correctly in terms of the phrases
    like "not robust", etc.

    It was a quick hack I threw together, very unplanned (like everything I
    do), to satisfy a personal need to communicate with "some other" people.

    ONLY the fact that it was done in 8/77, and that I put it in the public
    domain immediately, made it become the standard that it is.







    __________________________________________________________________________

     1. Available for IBM PC,XT,AT, Unix and Xenix

     2. Edited for typesetting appearance

     3. Infoworld April 29 p. 16




    Chapter 3







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                                7



    I think its time for me to

    (1) document it; (people call me and say "my product is going to include
    it - what can I 'reference'", or "I'm writing a paper on it, what do I put
    in the bibliography") and

    (2) propose an "incremental extension" to it, which might take "exactly"
    the form of Chuck Forsberg's YAM protocol.  He wrote YAM in C for CP/M and
    put it in the public domain, and wrote a batch protocol for Unix[4] called
    rb and sb (receive batch, send batch), which was basically XMODEM with
       (a) a record 0 containing filename date time and size
       (b) a 1K block size option
       (c) CRC-16.

    He did some clever programming to detect false ACK or EOT, but basically
    left them the same.

    People who suggest I make SIGNIFICANT changes to the protocol, such as
    "full duplex", "multiple outstanding blocks", "multiple destinations", etc
    etc don't understand that the incredible simplicity of the protocol is one
    of the reasons it survived to this day in as many machines and programs as
    it may be found in!

    Consider the PC-NET group back in '77 or so - documenting to beat the band
    - THEY had a protocol, but it was "extremely complex", because it tried to
    be "all things to all people" - i.e. send binary files on a 7-bit system,
    etc.  I was not that "benevolent". I (emphasize > I < ) had an 8-bit UART,
    so "my protocol was an 8-bit protocol", and I would just say "sorry" to
    people who were held back by 7-bit limitations.  ...

    Block size: Chuck Forsberg created an extension of my protocol, called
    YAM, which is also supported via his public domain programs for UNIX
    called rb and sb - receive batch and send batch.  They cleverly send a
    "block 0" which contains the filename, date, time, and size.
    Unfortunately, its UNIX style, and is a bit weird[5] - octal numbers, etc.
    BUT, it is a nice way to overcome the kludgy "echo the chars of the name"
    introduced with MODEM7.  Further, chuck uses CRC-16 and optional 1K
    blocks.  Thus the record 0, 1K, and CRC, make it a "pretty slick new
    protocol" which is not significantly different from my own.

    Also, there is a catchy name - YMODEM.  That means to some that it is the
    "next thing after XMODEM", and to others that it is the Y(am)MODEM


    __________

     4. VAX/VMS versions of these programs are also available.

     5. The file length, time, and file mode are optional.  The pathname and
        file length may be sent alone if desired.




    Chapter 3







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                                8



    protocol.  I don't want to emphasize that too much - out of fear that
    other mfgrs might think it is a "competitive" protocol, rather than an
    "unaffiliated" protocol.  Chuck is currently selling a much-enhanced
    version of his CP/M-80 C program YAM, calling it Professional Yam, and its
    for the PC - I'm using it right now.  VERY slick!  32K capture buffer,
    script, scrolling, previously captured text search, plus built-in commands
    for just about everything - directory (sorted every which way), XMODEM,
    YMODEM, KERMIT, and ASCII file upload/download, etc.  You can program it
    to "behave" with most any system - for example when trying a number for
    CIS it detects the "busy" string back from the modem and substitutes a
    diff phone # into the dialing string and branches back to try it.











































    Chapter 3







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                                9



    4.  XMODEM PROTOCOL ENHANCEMENTS

    This chapter discusses the protocol extensions to Ward Christensen's 1982
    XMODEM protocol description document.

    The original document recommends the user be asked whether to continue
    trying or abort after 10 retries.  Most programs no longer ask the
    operator whether he wishes to keep retrying.  Virtually all correctable
    errors are corrected within the first few retransmissions.  If the line is
    so bad that ten attempts are insufficient, there is a significant danger
    of undetected errors.  If the connection is that bad, it's better to
    redial for a better connection, or mail a floppy disk.


    4.1  Graceful Abort

    The YAM and Professional-YAM X/YMODEM routines recognize a sequence of two
    consecutive CAN (Hex 18) characters without modem errors (overrun,
    framing, etc.) as a transfer abort command.  This sequence is recognized
    when is waiting for the beginning of a block or for an acknowledgement to
    a block that has been sent.  The check for two consecutive CAN characters
    reduces the number of transfers aborted by line hits.  YAM sends eight CAN
    characters when it aborts an XMODEM, YMODEM, or ZMODEM protocol file
    transfer.  Pro-YAM then sends eight backspaces to delete the CAN
    characters from the remote's keyboard input buffer, in case the remote had
    already aborted the transfer and was awaiting a keyboarded command.


    4.2  CRC-16 Option

    The XMODEM protocol uses an optional two character CRC-16 instead of the
    one character arithmetic checksum used by the original protocol and by
    most commercial implementations.  CRC-16 guarantees detection of all
    single and double bit errors,  all errors with an odd number of error
    bits, all burst errors of length 16 or less, 99.9969% of all 17-bit error
    bursts, and 99.9984 per cent of all possible longer error bursts.  By
    contrast, a double bit error, or a burst error of 9 bits or more can sneak
    past the XMODEM protocol arithmetic checksum.

    The XMODEM/CRC protocol is similar to the XMODEM protocol, except that the
    receiver specifies CRC-16 by sending C (Hex 43) instead of NAK when
    requesting the FIRST block.  A two byte CRC is sent in place of the one
    byte arithmetic checksum.

    YAM's c option to the r command enables CRC-16 in single file reception,
    corresponding to the original implementation in the MODEM7 series
    programs.  This remains the default because many commercial communications
    programs and bulletin board systems still do not support CRC-16,
    especially those written in Basic or Pascal.

    XMODEM protocol with CRC is accurate provided both sender and receiver



    Chapter 4                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               10



    both report a successful transmission.  The protocol is robust in the
    presence of characters lost by buffer overloading on timesharing systems.

    The single character ACK/NAK responses generated by the receiving program
    adapt well to split speed modems, where the reverse channel is limited to
    ten per cent or less of the main channel's speed.

    XMODEM and YMODEM are half duplex protocols which do not attempt to
    transmit information and control signals in both directions at the same
    time.  This avoids buffer overrun problems that have been reported by
    users attempting to exploit full duplex asynchronous file transfer
    protocols such as Blast.

    Professional-YAM adds several proprietary logic enhancements to XMODEM's
    error detection and recovery.  These compatible enhancements eliminate
    most of the bad file transfers other programs make when using the XMODEM
    protocol under less than ideal conditions.


    4.3  XMODEM-1k 1024 Byte Block

    Disappointing throughput downloading from Unix with YMODEM[1] lead to the
    development of 1024 byte blocks in 1982.  1024 byte blocks reduce the
    effect of delays from timesharing systems, modems, and packet switched
    networks on throughput by 87.5 per cent in addition to decreasing XMODEM's
    per byte overhead 3 per cent on long files.

    The choice to use 1024 byte blocks is expressed to the sending program on
    its command line or selection menu.[2] 1024 byte blocks improve throughput
    in many applications, but some environments cannot accept 1024 byte
    bursts, especially minicomputers running 19.2kb ports.

    An STX (02) replaces the SOH (01) at the beginning of the transmitted
    block to notify the receiver of the longer block length.  The transmitted
    block contains 1024 bytes of data.  The receiver should be able to accept
    any mixture of 128 and 1024 byte blocks.  The block number (in the second
    and third bytes of the block) is incremented by one for each block
    regardless of the block length.

    The sender must not change between 128 and 1024 byte block lengths if it
    has not received a valid ACK for the current block.  Failure to observe
    this restriction allows transmission errors to pass undetected.



    __________

     1. The name hadn't been coined yet, but the protocol was the same.

     2. See "KMD/IMP Exceptions to YMODEM" below.




    Chapter 4                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               11



    If 1024 byte blocks are being used, it is possible for a file to "grow" up
    to the next multiple of 1024 bytes.  This does not waste disk space if the
    allocation granularity is 1k or greater.  With YMODEM batch transmission,
    the optional file length transmitted in the file name block allows the
    receiver to discard the padding, preserving the exact file length and
    contents.

    1024 byte blocks may be used with batch file transmission or with single
    file transmission.  CRC-16 should be used with the k option to preserve
    data integrity over phone lines.  If a program wishes to enforce this
    recommendation, it should cancel the transfer, then issue an informative
    diagnostic message if the receiver requests checksum instead of CRC-16.

    Under no circumstances may a sending program use CRC-16 unless the
    receiver commands CRC-16.

              Figure 1.  XMODEM-1k Blocks

              SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                                      "s -k foo.bar"
              "foo.bar open x.x minutes"
                                                      C
              STX 01 FE Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              STX 02 FD Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              STX 03 FC Data[1000] CPMEOF[24] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              EOT
                                                      ACK

              Figure 2.  Mixed 1024 and 128 byte Blocks

              SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                                      "s -k foo.bar"
              "foo.bar open x.x minutes"
                                                      C
              STX 01 FE Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              STX 02 FD Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              SOH 03 FC Data[128] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              SOH 04 FB Data[100] CPMEOF[28] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              EOT
                                                      ACK







    Chapter 4                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               12



    5.  YMODEM Batch File Transmission

    The YMODEM Batch protocol is an extension to the XMODEM/CRC protocol that
    allows 0 or more files to be transmitted with a single command.  (Zero
    files may be sent if none of the requested files is accessible.) The
    design approach of the YMODEM Batch protocol is to use the normal routines
    for sending and receiving XMODEM blocks in a layered fashion similar to
    packet switching methods.

    Why was it necessary to design a new batch protocol when one already
    existed in MODEM7?[1] The batch file mode used by MODEM7 is unsuitable
    because it does not permit full pathnames, file length, file date, or
    other attribute information to be transmitted.  Such a restrictive design,
    hastily implemented with only CP/M in mind, would not have permitted
    extensions to current areas of personal computing such as Unix, DOS, and
    object oriented systems.  In addition, the MODEM7 batch file mode is
    somewhat susceptible to transmission impairments.

    As in the case of single a file transfer, the receiver initiates batch
    file transmission by sending a "C" character (for CRC-16).

    The sender opens the first file and sends block number 0 with the
    following information.[2]

    Only the pathname (file name) part is required for batch transfers.

    To maintain upwards compatibility, all unused bytes in block 0 must be set
    to null.

    Pathname The pathname (conventionally, the file name) is sent as a null
         terminated ASCII string.  This is the filename format used by the
         handle oriented MSDOS(TM) functions and C library fopen functions.
         An assembly language example follows:
                                  DB      'foo.bar',0
         No spaces are included in the pathname.  Normally only the file name
         stem (no directory prefix) is transmitted unless the sender has
         selected YAM's f option to send the full pathname.  The source drive
         (A:, B:, etc.) is not sent.

         Filename Considerations:



    __________

     1. The MODEM7 batch protocol transmitted CP/M FCB bytes f1...f8 and
        t1...t3 one character at a time.  The receiver echoed these bytes as
        received, one at a time.

     2. Only the data part of the block is described here.




    Chapter 5                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               13



            + File names are forced to lower case unless the sending system
              supports upper/lower case file names.  This is a convenience for
              users of systems (such as Unix) which store filenames in upper
              and lower case.

            + The receiver should accommodate file names in lower and upper
              case.

            + When transmitting files between different operating systems,
              file names must be acceptable to both the sender and receiving
              operating systems.

         If directories are included, they are delimited by /; i.e.,
         "subdir/foo" is acceptable, "subdir\foo" is not.

    Length The file length and each of the succeeding fields are optional.[3]
         The length field is stored in the block as a decimal string counting
         the number of data bytes in the file.  The file length does not
         include any CPMEOF (^Z) or other garbage characters used to pad the
         last block.

         If the file being transmitted is growing during transmission, the
         length field should be set to at least the final expected file
         length, or not sent.

         The receiver stores the specified number of characters, discarding
         any padding added by the sender to fill up the last block.

    Modification Date The mod date is optional, and the filename and length
         may be sent without requiring the mod date to be sent.

         Iff the modification date is sent, a single space separates the
         modification date from the file length.

         The mod date is sent as an octal number giving the time the contents
         of the file were last changed, measured in seconds from Jan 1 1970
         Universal Coordinated Time (GMT).  A date of 0 implies the
         modification date is unknown and should be left as the date the file
         is received.

         This standard format was chosen to eliminate ambiguities arising from
         transfers between different time zones.





    __________

     3. Fields may not be skipped.




    Chapter 5                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               14



    Mode Iff the file mode is sent, a single space separates the file mode
         from the modification date.  The file mode is stored as an octal
         string.  Unless the file originated from a Unix system, the file mode
         is set to 0.  rb(1) checks the file mode for the 0x8000 bit which
         indicates a Unix type regular file.  Files with the 0x8000 bit set
         are assumed to have been sent from another Unix (or similar) system
         which uses the same file conventions.  Such files are not translated
         in any way.


    Serial Number Iff the serial number is sent, a single space separates the
         serial number from the file mode.  The serial number of the
         transmitting program is stored as an octal string.  Programs which do
         not have a serial number should omit this field, or set it to 0.  The
         receiver's use of this field is optional.


    Other Fields YMODEM was designed to allow additional header fields to be
         added as above without creating compatibility problems with older
         YMODEM programs.  Please contact Omen Technology if other fields are
         needed for special application requirements.

    The rest of the block is set to nulls.  This is essential to preserve
    upward compatibility.[4]

    If the filename block is received with a CRC or other error, a
    retransmission is requested.  After the filename block has been received,
    it is ACK'ed if the write open is successful.  If the file cannot be
    opened for writing, the receiver cancels the transfer with CAN characters
    as described above.

    The receiver then initiates transfer of the file contents according to the
    standard XMODEM/CRC protocol.

    After the file contents have been transmitted, the receiver again asks for
    the next pathname.

    Transmission of a null pathname terminates batch file transmission.

    Note that transmission of no files is not necessarily an error.  This is
    possible if none of the files requested of the sender could be opened for
    reading.



    __________

     4. If, perchance, this information extends beyond 128 bytes (possible
        with Unix 4.2 BSD extended file names), the block should be sent as a
        1k block as described above.




    Chapter 5                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               15



    The YMODEM receiver requests CRC-16 by default.

    The Unix programs sz(1) and rz(1) included in the source code file
    RZSZ.ZOO should answer other questions about YMODEM batch protocol.

              Figure 3.  YMODEM Batch Transmission Session

              SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                                      "sb foo.*<CR>"
              "sending in batch mode etc."
                                                      C (command:rb)
              SOH 00 FF foo.c NUL[123] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
                                                      C
              SOH 01 FE Data[128] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              SOH 03 FC Data[128] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              SOH 04 FB Data[100] CPMEOF[28] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK
              EOT
                                                      NAK
              EOT
                                                      ACK
                                                      C
              SOH 00 FF NUL[128] CRC CRC
                                                      ACK

            Figure 4.  YMODEM Batch Transmission Session-1k Blocks

            SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                                    "sb -k foo.*<CR>"
            "sending in batch mode etc."
                                                    C (command:rb)
            SOH 00 FF foo.c NUL[123] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
                                                    C
            STX 02 FD Data[1024] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
            SOH 03 FC Data[128] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
            SOH 04 FB Data[100] CPMEOF[28] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK
            EOT
                                                    NAK
            EOT
                                                    ACK
                                                    C
            SOH 00 FF NUL[128] CRC CRC
                                                    ACK




    Chapter 5                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               16



           Figure 5.  YMODEM Filename block transmitted by sz

           -rw-r--r--  6347 Jun 17 1984 20:34 bbcsched.txt

           00 0100FF62 62637363 6865642E 74787400   |...bbcsched.txt.|
           10 36333437 20333331 34373432 35313320   |6347 3314742513 |
           20 31303036 34340000 00000000 00000000   |100644..........|
           30 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
           40 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
           50 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
           60 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
           70 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
           80 000000CA 56

                Figure 6.  YMODEM Header Information and Features

    _____________________________________________________________
    | Program   | Length | Date | Mode | S/N | 1k-Blk | YMODEM-g |
    |___________|________|______|______|_____|________|__________|
    |Unix rz/sz | yes    | yes  | yes  | no  | yes    | sb only  |
    |___________|________|______|______|_____|________|__________|
    |VMS rb/sb  | yes    | no   | no   | no  | yes    | no       |
    |___________|________|______|______|_____|________|__________|
    |Pro-YAM    | yes    | yes  | no   | yes | yes    | yes      |
    |___________|________|______|______|_____|________|__________|
    |CP/M YAM   | no     | no   | no   | no  | yes    | no       |
    |___________|________|______|______|_____|________|__________|
    |KMD/IMP    | ?      | no   | no   | no  | yes    | no       |
    |___________|________|______|______|_____|________|__________|

    5.1  KMD/IMP Exceptions to YMODEM

    KMD and IMP use a "CK" character sequence emitted by the receiver to
    trigger the use of 1024 byte blocks as an alternative to specifying this
    option to the sending program.  Although this two character sequence works
    well on single process micros in direct communication, timesharing systems
    and packet switched networks can separate the successive characters by
    several seconds, rendering this method unreliable.

    Sending programs may detect the CK sequence if the operating enviornment
    does not preclude reliable implementation.

    Instead of the standard YMODEM file length, KMD and IMP transmit the CP/M
    record count in the last two bytes of the header block.










    Chapter 6                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               17



    6.  YMODEM-g File Transmission

    Developing technology is providing phone line data transmission at ever
    higher speeds using very specialized techniques.  These high speed modems,
    as well as session protocols such as X.PC, provide high speed, nearly
    error free communications at the expense of considerably increased delay
    time.

    This delay time is moderate compared to human interactions, but it
    cripples the throughput of most error correcting protocols.

    The g option to YMODEM has proven effective under these circumstances.
    The g option is driven by the receiver, which initiates the batch transfer
    by transmitting a G instead of C.  When the sender recognizes the G, it
    bypasses the usual wait for an ACK to each transmitted block, sending
    succeeding blocks at full speed, subject to XOFF/XON or other flow control
    exerted by the medium.

    The sender expects an inital G to initiate the transmission of a
    particular file, and also expects an ACK on the EOT sent at the end of
    each file.  This synchronization allows the receiver time to open and
    close files as necessary.

    If an error is detected in a YMODEM-g transfer, the receiver aborts the
    transfer with the multiple CAN abort sequence.  The ZMODEM protocol should
    be used in applications that require both streaming throughput and error
    recovery.

            Figure 7.  YMODEM-g Transmission Session

            SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                                    "sb foo.*<CR>"
            "sending in batch mode etc..."
                                                    G (command:rb -g)
            SOH 00 FF foo.c NUL[123] CRC CRC
                                                    G
            SOH 01 FE Data[128] CRC CRC
            STX 02 FD Data[1024] CRC CRC
            SOH 03 FC Data[128] CRC CRC
            SOH 04 FB Data[100] CPMEOF[28] CRC CRC
            EOT
                                                    ACK
                                                    G
            SOH 00 FF NUL[128] CRC CRC










    Chapter 6                                     XMODEM Protocol Enhancements







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               18



    7.  XMODEM PROTOCOL OVERVIEW

    8/9/82 by Ward Christensen.

    I will maintain a master copy of this.  Please pass on changes or
    suggestions via CBBS/Chicago at (312) 545-8086, CBBS/CPMUG (312) 849-1132
    or by voice at (312) 849-6279.

    7.1  Definitions

      <soh> 01H
      <eot> 04H
      <ack> 06H
      <nak> 15H
      <can> 18H
      <C>   43H


    7.2  Transmission Medium Level Protocol

    Asynchronous, 8 data bits, no parity, one stop bit.

    The protocol imposes no restrictions on the contents of the data being
    transmitted.  No control characters are looked for in the 128-byte data
    messages.  Absolutely any kind of data may be sent - binary, ASCII, etc.
    The protocol has not formally been adopted to a 7-bit environment for the
    transmission of ASCII-only (or unpacked-hex) data , although it could be
    simply by having both ends agree to AND the protocol-dependent data with
    7F hex before validating it.  I specifically am referring to the checksum,
    and the block numbers and their ones- complement.

    Those wishing to maintain compatibility of the CP/M file structure, i.e.
    to allow modemming ASCII files to or from CP/M systems should follow this
    data format:

       + ASCII tabs used (09H); tabs set every 8.

       + Lines terminated by CR/LF (0DH 0AH)

       + End-of-file indicated by ^Z, 1AH.  (one or more)

       + Data is variable length, i.e. should be considered a continuous
         stream of data bytes, broken into 128-byte chunks purely for the
         purpose of transmission.

       + A CP/M "peculiarity": If the data ends exactly on a 128-byte
         boundary, i.e. CR in 127, and LF in 128, a subsequent sector
         containing the ^Z EOF character(s) is optional, but is preferred.
         Some utilities or user programs still do not handle EOF without ^Zs.





    Chapter 7                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               19



       + The last block sent is no different from others, i.e.  there is no
         "short block".
                  Figure 8.  XMODEM Message Block Level Protocol

    Each block of the transfer looks like:
          <SOH><blk #><255-blk #><--128 data bytes--><cksum>
    in which:
    <SOH>         = 01 hex
    <blk #>       = binary number, starts at 01 increments by 1, and
                    wraps 0FFH to 00H (not to 01)
    <255-blk #>   = blk # after going thru 8080 "CMA" instr, i.e.
                    each bit complemented in the 8-bit block number.
                    Formally, this is the "ones complement".
    <cksum>       = the sum of the data bytes only.  Toss any carry.

    7.3  File Level Protocol

    7.3.1  Common_to_Both_Sender_and_Receiver
    All errors are retried 10 times.  For versions running with an operator
    (i.e. NOT with XMODEM), a message is typed after 10 errors asking the
    operator whether to "retry or quit".

    Some versions of the protocol use <can>, ASCII ^X, to cancel transmission.
    This was never adopted as a standard, as having a single "abort" character
    makes the transmission susceptible to false termination due to an <ack>
    <nak> or <soh> being corrupted into a <can> and aborting transmission.

    The protocol may be considered "receiver driven", that is, the sender need
    not automatically re-transmit, although it does in the current
    implementations.


    7.3.2  Receive_Program_Considerations
    The receiver has a 10-second timeout.  It sends a <nak> every time it
    times out.  The receiver's first timeout, which sends a <nak>, signals the
    transmitter to start.  Optionally, the receiver could send a <nak>
    immediately, in case the sender was ready.  This would save the initial 10
    second timeout.  However, the receiver MUST continue to timeout every 10
    seconds in case the sender wasn't ready.

    Once into a receiving a block, the receiver goes into a one-second timeout
    for each character and the checksum.  If the receiver wishes to <nak> a
    block for any reason (invalid header, timeout receiving data), it must
    wait for the line to clear.  See "programming tips" for ideas

    Synchronizing:  If a valid block number is received, it will be: 1) the
    expected one, in which case everything is fine; or 2) a repeat of the
    previously received block.  This should be considered OK, and only
    indicates that the receivers <ack> got glitched, and the sender re-
    transmitted; 3) any other block number indicates a fatal loss of
    synchronization, such as the rare case of the sender getting a line-glitch



    Chapter 7                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               20



    that looked like an <ack>.  Abort the transmission, sending a <can>


    7.3.3  Sending_program_considerations
    While waiting for transmission to begin, the sender has only a single very
    long timeout, say one minute.  In the current protocol, the sender has a
    10 second timeout before retrying.  I suggest NOT doing this, and letting
    the protocol be completely receiver-driven.  This will be compatible with
    existing programs.

    When the sender has no more data, it sends an <eot>, and awaits an <ack>,
    resending the <eot> if it doesn't get one.  Again, the protocol could be
    receiver-driven, with the sender only having the high-level 1-minute
    timeout to abort.


    Here is a sample of the data flow, sending a 3-block message.  It includes
    the two most common line hits - a garbaged block, and an <ack> reply
    getting garbaged.  <xx> represents the checksum byte.

                  Figure 9.  Data flow including Error Recovery

    SENDER                                  RECEIVER
                                  times out after 10 seconds,
                                  <---              <nak>
    <soh> 01 FE -data- <xx>       --->
                                  <---              <ack>
    <soh> 02 FD -data- xx         --->       (data gets line hit)
                                  <---              <nak>
    <soh> 02 FD -data- xx         --->
                                  <---              <ack>
    <soh> 03 FC -data- xx         --->
    (ack gets garbaged)           <---              <ack>
    <soh> 03 FC -data- xx         --->              <ack>
    <eot>                         --->
                                  <---       <anything except ack>
    <eot>                         --->
                                  <---              <ack>
    (finished)

    7.4  Programming Tips

       + The character-receive subroutine should be called with a parameter
         specifying the number of seconds to wait.  The receiver should first
         call it with a time of 10, then <nak> and try again, 10 times.

         After receiving the <soh>, the receiver should call the character
         receive subroutine with a 1-second timeout, for the remainder of the
         message and the <cksum>.  Since they are sent as a continuous stream,
         timing out of this implies a serious like glitch that caused, say,
         127 characters to be seen instead of 128.



    Chapter 7                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               21



       + When the receiver wishes to <nak>, it should call a "PURGE"
         subroutine, to wait for the line to clear.  Recall the sender tosses
         any characters in its UART buffer immediately upon completing sending
         a block, to ensure no glitches were mis- interpreted.

         The most common technique is for "PURGE" to call the character
         receive subroutine, specifying a 1-second timeout,[1] and looping
         back to PURGE until a timeout occurs.  The <nak> is then sent,
         ensuring the other end will see it.

       + You may wish to add code recommended by John Mahr to your character
         receive routine - to set an error flag if the UART shows framing
         error, or overrun.  This will help catch a few more glitches - the
         most common of which is a hit in the high bits of the byte in two
         consecutive bytes.  The <cksum> comes out OK since counting in 1-byte
         produces the same result of adding 80H + 80H as with adding 00H +
         00H.






























    __________

     1. These times should be adjusted for use with timesharing systems.




    Chapter 7                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               22



    8.  XMODEM/CRC Overview

    Original 1/13/85 by John Byrns -- CRC option.

    Please pass on any reports of errors in this document or suggestions for
    improvement to me via Ward's/CBBS at (312) 849-1132, or by voice at (312)
    885-1105.

    The CRC used in the Modem Protocol is an alternate form of block check
    which provides more robust error detection than the original checksum.
    Andrew S. Tanenbaum says in his book, Computer Networks, that the CRC-
    CCITT used by the Modem Protocol will detect all single and double bit
    errors, all errors with an odd number of bits, all burst errors of length
    16 or less, 99.997% of 17-bit error bursts, and 99.998% of 18-bit and
    longer bursts.[1]

    The changes to the Modem Protocol to replace the checksum with the CRC are
    straight forward. If that were all that we did we would not be able to
    communicate between a program using the old checksum protocol and one
    using the new CRC protocol. An initial handshake was added to solve this
    problem. The handshake allows a receiving program with CRC capability to
    determine whether the sending program supports the CRC option, and to
    switch it to CRC mode if it does. This handshake is designed so that it
    will work properly with programs which implement only the original
    protocol. A description of this handshake is presented in section 10.

                Figure 10.  Message Block Level Protocol, CRC mode

    Each block of the transfer in CRC mode looks like:
         <SOH><blk #><255-blk #><--128 data bytes--><CRC hi><CRC lo>
    in which:
    <SOH>        = 01 hex
    <blk #>      = binary number, starts at 01 increments by 1, and
                   wraps 0FFH to 00H (not to 01)
    <255-blk #>  = ones complement of blk #.
    <CRC hi>     = byte containing the 8 hi order coefficients of the CRC.
    <CRC lo>     = byte containing the 8 lo order coefficients of the CRC.

    8.1  CRC Calculation

    8.1.1  Formal_Definition
    To calculate the 16 bit CRC the message bits are considered to be the
    coefficients of a polynomial. This message polynomial is first multiplied
    by X^16 and then divided by the generator polynomial (X^16 + X^12 + X^5 +


    __________

     1. This reliability figure is misleading because XMODEM's critical
        supervisory functions are not protected by this CRC.




    Chapter 8                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               23



    1) using modulo two arithmetic. The remainder left after the division is
    the desired CRC. Since a message block in the Modem Protocol is 128 bytes
    or 1024 bits, the message polynomial will be of order X^1023. The hi order
    bit of the first byte of the message block is the coefficient of X^1023 in
    the message polynomial.  The lo order bit of the last byte of the message
    block is the coefficient of X^0 in the message polynomial.

               Figure 11.  Example of CRC Calculation written in C

    The following XMODEM crc routine is taken from "rbsb.c".  Please refer to
    the source code for these programs (contained in RZSZ.ZOO) for usage.  A
    fast table driven version is also included in this file.

    /* update CRC */
    unsigned short
    updcrc(c, crc)
    register c;
    register unsigned crc;
    {
            register count;

            for (count=8; --count>=0;) {
                    if (crc & 0x8000) {
                            crc <<= 1;
                            crc += (((c<<=1) & 0400)  !=  0);
                            crc ^= 0x1021;
                    }
                    else {
                            crc <<= 1;
                            crc += (((c<<=1) & 0400)  !=  0);
                    }
            }
            return crc;
    }

    8.2  CRC File Level Protocol Changes

    8.2.1  Common_to_Both_Sender_and_Receiver
    The only change to the File Level Protocol for the CRC option is the
    initial handshake which is used to determine if both the sending and the
    receiving programs support the CRC mode. All Modem Programs should support
    the checksum mode for compatibility with older versions.  A receiving
    program that wishes to receive in CRC mode implements the mode setting
    handshake by sending a <C> in place of the initial <nak>.  If the sending
    program supports CRC mode it will recognize the <C> and will set itself
    into CRC mode, and respond by sending the first block as if a <nak> had
    been received. If the sending program does not support CRC mode it will
    not respond to the <C> at all. After the receiver has sent the <C> it will
    wait up to 3 seconds for the <soh> that starts the first block. If it
    receives a <soh> within 3 seconds it will assume the sender supports CRC
    mode and will proceed with the file exchange in CRC mode. If no <soh> is



    Chapter 8                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               24



    received within 3 seconds the receiver will switch to checksum mode, send
    a <nak>, and proceed in checksum mode. If the receiver wishes to use
    checksum mode it should send an initial <nak> and the sending program
    should respond to the <nak> as defined in the original Modem Protocol.
    After the mode has been set by the initial <C> or <nak> the protocol
    follows the original Modem Protocol and is identical whether the checksum
    or CRC is being used.


    8.2.2  Receive_Program_Considerations
    There are at least 4 things that can go wrong with the mode setting
    handshake.

      1.  the initial <C> can be garbled or lost.

      2.  the initial <soh> can be garbled.

      3.  the initial <C> can be changed to a <nak>.

      4.  the initial <nak> from a receiver which wants to receive in checksum
          can be changed to a <C>.

    The first problem can be solved if the receiver sends a second <C> after
    it times out the first time. This process can be repeated several times.
    It must not be repeated too many times before sending a <nak> and
    switching to checksum mode or a sending program without CRC support may
    time out and abort. Repeating the <C> will also fix the second problem if
    the sending program cooperates by responding as if a <nak> were received
    instead of ignoring the extra <C>.

    It is possible to fix problems 3 and 4 but probably not worth the trouble
    since they will occur very infrequently. They could be fixed by switching
    modes in either the sending or the receiving program after a large number
    of successive <nak>s. This solution would risk other problems however.


    8.2.3  Sending_Program_Considerations
    The sending program should start in the checksum mode. This will insure
    compatibility with checksum only receiving programs. Anytime a <C> is
    received before the first <nak> or <ack> the sending program should set
    itself into CRC mode and respond as if a <nak> were received. The sender
    should respond to additional <C>s as if they were <nak>s until the first
    <ack> is received. This will assist the receiving program in determining
    the correct mode when the <soh> is lost or garbled. After the first <ack>
    is received the sending program should ignore <C>s.









    Chapter 8                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               25



    8.3  Data Flow Examples with CRC Option

    Here is a data flow example for the case where the receiver requests
    transmission in the CRC mode but the sender does not support the CRC
    option. This example also includes various transmission errors.  <xx>
    represents the checksum byte.

          Figure 12.  Data Flow: Receiver has CRC Option, Sender Doesn't

    SENDER                                        RECEIVER
                            <---                <C>
                                    times out after 3 seconds,
                            <---                <C>
                                    times out after 3 seconds,
                            <---                <C>
                                    times out after 3 seconds,
                            <---                <C>
                                    times out after 3 seconds,
                            <---                <nak>
    <soh> 01 FE -data- <xx> --->
                            <---                <ack>
    <soh> 02 FD -data- <xx> --->        (data gets line hit)
                            <---                <nak>
    <soh> 02 FD -data- <xx> --->
                            <---                <ack>
    <soh> 03 FC -data- <xx> --->
       (ack gets garbaged)  <---                <ack>
                                    times out after 10 seconds,
                            <---                <nak>
    <soh> 03 FC -data- <xx> --->
                            <---                <ack>
    <eot>                   --->
                            <---                <ack>

    Here is a data flow example for the case where the receiver requests
    transmission in the CRC mode and the sender supports the CRC option.  This
    example also includes various transmission errors.  <xxxx> represents the
    2 CRC bytes.
















    Chapter 8                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               26



               Figure 13.  Receiver and Sender Both have CRC Option

    SENDER                                       RECEIVER
                              <---                 <C>
    <soh> 01 FE -data- <xxxx> --->
                              <---                 <ack>
    <soh> 02 FD -data- <xxxx> --->         (data gets line hit)
                              <---                 <nak>
    <soh> 02 FD -data- <xxxx> --->
                              <---                 <ack>
    <soh> 03 FC -data- <xxxx> --->
    (ack gets garbaged)       <---                 <ack>
                                         times out after 10 seconds,
                              <---                 <nak>
    <soh> 03 FC -data- <xxxx> --->
                              <---                 <ack>
    <eot>                     --->
                              <---                 <ack>




































    Chapter 8                                         Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               27



    9.  MORE INFORMATION

    Please contact Omen Technology for troff source files and typeset copies
    of this document.


    9.1  TeleGodzilla Bulletin Board

    More information may be obtained by calling TeleGodzilla at 503-621-3746.
    Speed detection is automatic for 1200, 2400 and 19200(Telebit PEP) bps.
    TrailBlazer modem users may issue the TeleGodzilla trailblazer command to
    swith to 19200 bps once they have logged in.

    Interesting files include RZSZ.ZOO (C source code), YZMODEM.ZOO (Official
    XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM protocol descriptions), ZCOMMEXE.ARC,
    ZCOMMDOC.ARC, and ZCOMMHLP.ARC (PC-DOS shareware comm program with XMODEM,
    True YMODEM(TM), ZMODEM, Kermit Sliding Windows, Telink, MODEM7 Batch,
    script language, etc.).


    9.2  Unix UUCP Access

    UUCP sites can obtain the current version of this file with
                     uucp omen!/u/caf/public/ymodem.doc /tmp
    A continually updated list of available files is stored in
    /usr/spool/uucppublic/FILES.  When retrieving these files with uucp,
    remember that the destination directory on your system must be writeable
    by anyone, or the UUCP transfer will fail.

    The following L.sys line calls TeleGodzilla (Pro-YAM in host operation).
    TeleGodzilla determines the incoming speed automatically.

    In response to "Name Please:" uucico gives the Pro-YAM "link" command as a
    user name.  The password (Giznoid) controls access to the Xenix system
    connected to the IBM PC's other serial port.  Communications between
    Pro-YAM and Xenix use 9600 bps; YAM converts this to the caller's speed.

    Finally, the calling uucico logs in as uucp.

    omen Any ACU 2400 1-503-621-3746 se:--se: link ord: Giznoid in:--in: uucp



    10.  REVISIONS

    10-27-87 Optional fields added for number of files remaining to be sent
    and total number of bytes remaining to be sent.
    10-18-87 Flow control discussion added to 1024 byte block descritpion,
    minor revisions for clarity per user comments.
    8-03-87 Revised for clarity.
    5-31-1987 emphasizes minimum requirements for YMODEM, and updates



    Chapter 10                                        Xmodem Protocol Overview







    X/YMODEM Protocol Reference      10-27-87                               28



    information on accessing files.
    9-11-1986 clarifies nomenclature and some minor points.
    The April 15 1986 edition clarifies some points concerning CRC
    calculations and spaces in the header.


    11.  YMODEM Programs

    ZCOMM, A shareware little brother to Professional-YAM, is available as
    ZCOMMEXE.ARC on TeleGodzilla and other bulletin board systems.  ZCOMM may
    be used to test YMODEM amd ZMODEM implementations.

    Unix programs supporting YMODEM are available on TeleGodzilla in RZSZ.ZOO.
    This ZOO archive includes a ZCOMM/Pro-YAM/PowerCom script ZUPL.T to upload
    a bootstrap program MINIRB.C, compile it, and then upload the rest of the
    files using the compiled MINIRB.  Most Unix like systems are supported,
    including V7, Xenix, Sys III, 4.2 BSD, SYS V, Idris, Coherent, and
    Regulus.

    A version for VAX-VMS is available in VRBSB.SHQ.

    Irv Hoff has added 1k blocks and basic YMODEM batch transfers to the KMD
    and IMP series programs, which replace the XMODEM and MODEM7/MDM7xx series
    respectively.  Overlays are available for a wide variety of CP/M systems.

    Questions about Professional-YAM communications software may be directed
    to:
         Chuck Forsberg
         Omen Technology Inc
         17505-V Sauvie Island Road
         Portland Oregon 97231
         VOICE: 503-621-3406 :VOICE
         Modem: 503-621-3746 Speed: 19200(Telebit PEP),2400,1200,300
         Usenet: ...!tektronix!reed!omen!caf
         CompuServe: 70007,2304
         GEnie: CAF

    Unlike ZMODEM and Kermit, XMODEM and YMODEM place obstacles in the path of
    a reliable high performance implementation, evidenced by poor reliability
    under stress of the industry leaders' XMODEM and YMODEM programs.  Omen
    Technology provides consulting and other services to those wishing to
    implement XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM with state of the art features and
    reliability.











    Chapter 11                                        Xmodem Protocol Overview











                                     CONTENTS


     1.  TOWER OF BABEL...................................................   2
         1.1  Definitions.................................................   2

     2.  YMODEM MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS......................................   4

     3.  WHY YMODEM?......................................................   5
         3.1  Some Messages from the Pioneer..............................   6

     4.  XMODEM PROTOCOL ENHANCEMENTS.....................................   9
         4.1  Graceful Abort..............................................   9
         4.2  CRC-16 Option...............................................   9
         4.3  XMODEM-1k 1024 Byte Block...................................  10

     5.  YMODEM Batch File Transmission...................................  12
         5.1  KMD/IMP Exceptions to YMODEM................................  16

     6.  YMODEM-g File Transmission.......................................  17

     7.  XMODEM PROTOCOL OVERVIEW.........................................  18
         7.1  Definitions.................................................  18
         7.2  Transmission Medium Level Protocol..........................  18
         7.3  File Level Protocol.........................................  19
         7.4  Programming Tips............................................  20

     8.  XMODEM/CRC Overview..............................................  22
         8.1  CRC Calculation.............................................  22
         8.2  CRC File Level Protocol Changes.............................  23
         8.3  Data Flow Examples with CRC Option..........................  25

     9.  MORE INFORMATION.................................................  27
         9.1  TeleGodzilla Bulletin Board.................................  27
         9.2  Unix UUCP Access............................................  27

    10.  REVISIONS........................................................  27

    11.  YMODEM Programs..................................................  28















                                      - i -














                                 LIST OF FIGURES


     Figure 1.  XMODEM-1k Blocks..........................................  11

     Figure 2.  Mixed 1024 and 128 byte Blocks............................  11

     Figure 3.  YMODEM Batch Transmission Session.........................  15

     Figure 4.  YMODEM Batch Transmission Session-1k Blocks...............  15

     Figure 5.  YMODEM Filename block transmitted by sz...................  16

     Figure 6.  YMODEM Header Information and Features....................  16

     Figure 7.  YMODEM-g Transmission Session.............................  17

     Figure 8.  XMODEM Message Block Level Protocol.......................  19

     Figure 9.  Data flow including Error Recovery........................  20

    Figure 10.  Message Block Level Protocol, CRC mode....................  22

    Figure 11.  Example of CRC Calculation written in C...................  23

    Figure 12.  Data Flow: Receiver has CRC Option, Sender Doesn't........  25

    Figure 13.  Receiver and Sender Both have CRC Option..................  26























                                      - ii -







	   The ZMODEM Inter Application	File Transfer Protocol

			      Chuck Forsberg

			   Omen	Technology Inc


	  A overview of	this document is available as ZMODEM.OV
			     (in ZMDMOV.ARC)
















		       Omen Technology Incorporated
		      The High Reliability Software

		   17505-V Northwest Sauvie Island Road
			  Portland Oregon 97231
			VOICE: 503-621-3406 :VOICE
	  Modem: 503-621-3746 Speed 1200,2400,19200(Telebit PEP)
		     Compuserve:70007,2304  GEnie:CAF
		    UUCP: ...!tektronix!reed!omen!caf
























Chapter	0	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 1







Chapter	0		     ZMODEM Protocol				 2



1.  IIIINNNNTTTTEEEENNNNDDDDEEEEDDDD AAAAUUUUDDDDIIIIEEEENNNNCCCCEEEE

This document is intended for telecommunications managers, systems
programmers, and others	who choose and implement asynchronous file
transfer protocols over	dial-up	networks and related environments.


2.  WWWWHHHHYYYY	DDDDEEEEVVVVEEEELLLLOOOOPPPP	ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM????

Since its development half a decade ago, the Ward Christensen MMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM
protocol has enabled a wide variety of computer	systems	to interchange
data.  There is	hardly a communications	program	that doesn't at	least
claim to support this protocol,	now called XXXXMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM.

Advances in computing, modems and networking have spread the XMODEM
protocol far beyond the	micro to micro environment for which it	was
designed.  These application have exposed some weaknesses:

   o+ The awkward user interface	is suitable for	computer hobbyists.
     Multiple commands must be keyboarded to transfer each file.

   o+ Since commands must be given to both programs, simple menu	selections
     are not possible.

   o+ The short block length causes throughput to suffer	when used with
     timesharing systems, packet switched networks, satellite circuits,
     and buffered (error correcting) modems.

   o+ The 8 bit checksum	and unprotected	supervison allow undetected errors
     and disrupted file	transfers.

   o+ Only one file can be sent per command.  The file name has to be given
     twice, first to the sending program and then again	to the receiving
     program.

   o+ The transmitted file accumulates as many as 127 bytes of garbage.

   o+ The modification date and other file attributes are lost.

   o+ XMODEM requires _c_o_m_p_l_e_t_e 8	bit transparency, all 256 codes.  XMODEM
     will not operate over some	networks that use ASCII	flow control or
     escape codes.  Setting network transparency disables important
     control functions for the duration	of the call.

A number of other protocols have been developed	over the years,	but none
have proven satisfactory.

   o+ Lack of public domain documentation and example programs have kept
     proprietary protocols such	as RRRReeeellllaaaayyyy,,,, BBBBllllaaaasssstttt,,,, and others tightly bound
     to	the fortunes of	their suppliers.  These	protocols have not
     benefited from public scrutiny of their design features.



Chapter	2	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 2







Chapter	2		     ZMODEM Protocol				 3



   o+ Link level	protocols such as XXXX....22225555,,,,	XXXX....PPPPCCCC,,,, and MMMMNNNNPPPP do not manage
     application to application	file transfers.

   o+ Link Level	protocols do not eliminate end-to-end errors.  Interfaces
     between error-free	networks are not necessarily error-free.
     Sometimes,	error-free networks aren't.

   o+ The KKKKeeeerrrrmmmmiiiitttt	protocol was developed to allow	file transfers in
     environments hostile to XMODEM.  The performance compromises
     necessary to accommodate traditional mainframe environments limit
     Kermit's efficiency.  Even	with completely	transparent channels,
     Kermit control character quoting limits the efficiency of binary file
     transfers to about	75 per cent.[1]

     A number of submodes are used in various Kermit programs, including
     different methods of transferring binary files.  Two Kermit programs
     will mysteriously fail to operate with each other if the user has not
     correctly specified these submodes.

     Kermit Sliding Windows ("SuperKermit") improves throughput	over
     networks at the cost of increased complexity.  SuperKermit	requires
     full duplex communications	and the	ability	to check for the presence
     of	characters in the input	queue, precluding its implementation on
     some operating systems.

     SuperKermit state transitions are encoded in a special language
     "wart" which requires a C compiler.

     SuperKermit sends an ACK packet for each data packet of 96	bytes
     (fewer if control characters are present).	 This reduces throughput
     on	high speed modems, from	1350 to	177 characters per second in one
     test.

A number of extensions to the XMODEM protocol have been	made to	improve
performance and	(in some cases)	the user interface.  They provide useful
improvements in	some applications but not in others.  XMODEM's unprotected
control	messages compromise their reliability.	Complex	proprietary
techniques such	as CCCCyyyybbbbeeeerrrrnnnneeeettttiiiicccc DDDDaaaattttaaaa RRRReeeeccccoooovvvveeeerrrryyyy((((TTTTMMMM))))[2] improve reliability,
but are	not universally	available.  Some of the	XMODEM mutant protocols
have significant design	flaws of their own.

 o+ XXXXMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM----kkkk uses 1024 byte blocks to reduce the	overhead from transmission
   delays by 87	per cent compared to XMODEM, but network delays	still


__________

 1. Some Kermit	programs support run length encoding.

 2. Unique to DSZ, ZCOMM, Professional-YAM and PowerCom




Chapter	2	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 3







Chapter	2		     ZMODEM Protocol				 4



   degrade performance.	 Some networks cannot transmit 1024 byte packets
   without flow	control, which is difficult to apply without impairing the
   perfect transparency	required by XMODEM.  XMODEM-k adds garbage to
   received files.

 o+ YYYYMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM sends	the file name, file length, and	creation date at the
   beginning of	each file, and allows optional 1024 byte blocks	for
   improved throughput.	 The handling of files that are	not a multiple of
   1024	or 128 bytes is	awkward, especially if the file	length is not
   known in advance, or	changes	during transmission.  The large	number of
   non conforming and substandard programs claiming to support YMODEM
   further complicates its use.

 o+ YYYYMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM----gggg provides efficient batch file transfers, preserving	exact file
   length and file modification	date.  YMODEM-g	is a modification to
   YMODEM wherein ACKs for data	blocks are not used.  YMODEM-g is
   essentially insensitive to network delays.  Because it does not support
   error recovery, YMODEM-g must be used hard wired or with a reliable
   link	level protocol.	 Successful application	at high	speed requires
   cafeful attention to	transparent flow control.  When	YMODEM-g detects a
   CRC error, data transfers are aborted.  YMODEM-g is easy to implement
   because it closely resembles	standard YMODEM.

 o+ WWWWXXXXMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM,,,, SSSSEEEEAAAAlllliiiinnnnkkkk,,,, and MMMMEEEEGGGGAAAAlllliiiinnnnkkkk have applied a subset	of ZMODEM's
   techniques to "Classic XMODEM" to improve upon their	suppliers'
   previous offerings.	They provide good performance under ideal
   conditions.

Another	XMODEM "extension" is protocol cheating, such as Omen Technology's
OOOOvvvveeeerrrrTTTThhhhrrrruuuusssstttteeeerrrr((((TTTTMMMM)))) and OOOOvvvveeeerrrrTTTThhhhrrrruuuusssstttteeeerrrr IIIIIIII((((TTTTMMMM)))).  These improve XMODEM	throughput
under some conditions by compromising error recovery.

The ZMODEM Protocol corrects the weaknesses described above while
maintaining as much of XMODEM/CRC's simplicity and prior art as	possible.



3.  ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM PPPPrrrroooottttooooccccoooollll DDDDeeeessssiiiiggggnnnn CCCCrrrriiiitttteeeerrrriiiiaaaa

The design of a	file transfer protocol is an engineering compromise
between	conflicting requirements:

3.1  EEEEaaaasssseeee ooooffff UUUUsssseeee

 o+ ZMODEM allows either	program	to initiate file transfers, passing
   commands and/or modifiers to	the other program.

 o+ File	names need be entered only once.

 o+ Menu	selections are supported.




Chapter	3	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 4







Chapter	3		     ZMODEM Protocol				 5



 o+ Wild	Card names may be used with batch transfers.

 o+ Minimum keystrokes required to initiate transfers.

 o+ ZRQINIT frame sent by sending program can trigger automatic downloads.

 o+ ZMODEM can step down	to YMODEM if the other end does	not support
   ZMODEM.[1]

3.2  TTTThhhhrrrroooouuuugggghhhhppppuuuutttt

All file transfer protocols make tradeoffs between throughput,
reliability, universality, and complexity according to the technology and
knowledge base available to their designers.

In the design of ZMODEM, three applications deserve special attention.

  o+ Network applications with significant delays (relative to character
    transmission time) and low error rate

  o+ Timesharing	and buffered modem applications	with significant delays
    and	throughput that	is quickly degraded by reverse channel traffic.
    ZMODEM's economy of	reverse	channel	bandwidth allows modems	that
    dynamically	partition bandwidth between the	two directions to operate
    at optimal speeds.	Special	ZMODEM features	allow simple, efficient
    implementation on a	wide variety of	timesharing hosts.

  o+ Direct modem to modem communications with high error rate

Unlike Sliding Windows Kermit, ZMODEM is not optimized for optimum
throughput when	error rate and delays are both high.  This tradeoff
markedly reduces code complexity and memory requirements.  ZMODEM
generally provides faster error	recovery than network compatible XMODEM
implementations.

In the absence of network delays, rapid	error recovery is possible, much
faster than MEGAlink and network compatible versions of	YMODEM and XMODEM.

File transfers begin immediately regardless of which program is	started
first, without the 10 second delay associated with XMODEM.







__________

 1. Provided the transmission medium accommodates X/YMODEM.




Chapter	3	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 5







Chapter	3		     ZMODEM Protocol				 6



3.3  IIIInnnntttteeeeggggrrrriiiittttyyyy aaaannnndddd RRRRoooobbbbuuuussssttttnnnneeeessssssss

Once a ZMODEM session is begun,	all transactions are protected with 16 or
32 bit CRC.[2] Complex proprietary techniques such as CCCCyyyybbbbeeeerrrrnnnneeeettttiiiicccc DDDDaaaattttaaaa
RRRReeeeccccoooovvvveeeerrrryyyy((((TTTTMMMM))))[3]	are not	needed for reliable transfers.

An optional 32-bit CRC used as the frame check sequence	in ADCCP (ANSI
X3.66, also known as FIPS PUB 71 and FED-STD-1003, the U.S. versions of
CCITT's	X.25) is used when available.  The 32 bit CRC reduces undetected
errors by at least five	orders of magnitude when properly applied (-1
preset,	inversion).

A security challenge mechanism guards against "Trojan Horse" messages
written	to mimic legitimate command or file downloads.

3.4  EEEEaaaasssseeee ooooffff IIIImmmmpppplllleeeemmmmeeeennnnttttaaaattttiiiioooonnnn

ZMODEM accommodates a wide variety of systems:

 o+ Microcomputers that cannot overlap disk and serial i/o

 o+ Microcomputers that cannot overlap serial send and receive

 o+ Computers and/or networks requiring XON/XOFF	flow control

 o+ Computers that cannot check the serial input	queue for the presence of
   data	without	having to wait for the data to arrive.

Although ZMODEM	provides "hooks" for multiple "threads", ZMODEM	is not
intended to replace link level protocols such as X.25.

ZMODEM accommodates network and	timesharing system delays by continuously
transmitting data unless the receiver interrupts the sender to request
retransmission of garbled data.	 ZMODEM	in effect uses the entire file as
a window.[4] Using the entire file as a	window simplifies buffer
management, avoiding the window	overrun	failure	modes that affect
MEGAlink, SuperKermit, and others.

ZMODEM provides	a general purpose application to application file transfer
protocol which may be used directly or with with reliable link level


__________

 2. Except for the CAN-CAN-CAN-CAN-CAN abort sequence which requires five
    successive CAN characters.

 3. Unique to Professional-YAM and PowerCom

 4. Streaming strategies are discussed in coming chapters.




Chapter	3	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 6







Chapter	3		     ZMODEM Protocol				 7



protocols such as X.25,	MNP, Fastlink, etc.  When used with X.25, MNP,
Fastlink, etc.,	ZMODEM detects and corrects errors in the interfaces
between	error controlled media and the remainder of the	communications
link.

ZMODEM was developed _f_o_r _t_h_e _p_u_b_l_i_c _d_o_m_a_i_n under a Telenet contract.  The
ZMODEM protocol	descriptions and the Unix rz/sz	program	source code are
public domain.	No licensing, trademark, or copyright restrictions apply
to the use of the protocol, the	Unix rz/sz source code and the _Z_M_O_D_E_M
name.


4.  EEEEVVVVOOOOLLLLUUUUTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN OOOOFFFF ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM

In early 1986, Telenet funded a	project	to develop an improved public
domain application to application file transfer	protocol.  This	protocol
would alleviate	the throughput problems	network	customers were
experiencing with XMODEM and Kermit file transfers.

In the beginning, we thought a few modifications to XMODEM would allow
high performance over packet switched networks while preserving	XMODEM's
simplicity.

The initial concept would add a	block number to	the ACK	and NAK	characters
used by	XMODEM.	 The resultant protocol	would allow the	sender to send
more than one block before waiting for a response.

But how	to add the block number	to XMODEM's ACK	and NAK?  WXMODEM,
SEAlink, MEGAlink and some other protocols add binary byte(s) to indicate
the block number.

Pure binary was	unsuitable for ZMODEM because binary code combinations
won't pass bidirectionally through some	modems,	networks and operating
systems.  Other	operating systems may not be able to recognize something
coming back[1] unless a	break signal or	a system dependent code	or
sequence is present.  By the time all this and other problems with the
simple ACK/NAK sequences mentioned above were corrected, XMODEM's simple
ACK and	NACK characters	had evolved into a real	packet.	 The Frog was
riveting.

Managing the window[2] was another problem.  Experience	gained in
debugging The Source's SuperKermit protocol indicated a	window size of
about 1000 characters was needed at 1200 bps.  High speed modems require a


__________

 1. Without stopping for a response

 2. The	WINDOW is the data in transit between sender and receiver.




Chapter	4	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 7







Chapter	4		     ZMODEM Protocol				 8



window of 20000	or more	characters for full throughput.	 Much of the
SuperKermit's inefficiency, complexity and debugging time centered around
its ring buffering and window management.  There had to	be a better way	to
get the	job done.

A sore point with XMODEM and its progeny is error recovery.  More to the
point, how can the receiver determine whether the sender has responded,	or
is ready to respond, to	a retransmission request?  XMODEM attacks the
problem	by throwing away characters until a certain period of silence.
Too short a time allows	a spurious pause in output (network or timesharing
congestion) to masquerade as error recovery.  Too long a timeout
devastates throughput, and allows a noisy line to lock up the protocol.
SuperKermit solves the problem with a distinct start of	packet character
(SOH).	WXMODEM	and ZMODEM use unique character	sequences to delineate the
start of frames.  SEAlink and MEGAlink do not address this problem.

A further error	recovery problem arises	in streaming protocols.	 How does
the receiver know when (or if) the sender has recognized its error signal?
Is the next packet the correct response	to the error signal?  Is it
something left over "in	the queue"?  Or	is this	new subpacket one of many
that will have to be discarded because the sender did not receive the
error signal?  How long	should this continue before sending another error
signal?	 How can the protocol prevent this from	degenerating into an
argument about mixed signals?

SuperKermit uses selective retransmission, so it can accept any	good
packet it receives.  Each time the SuperKermit receiver	gets a data
packet,	it must	decide which outstanding packet	(if any) it "wants most"
to receive, and	asks for that one.  In practice, complex software "hacks"
are needed to attain acceptable	robustness.[3]

For ZMODEM, we decided to forgo	the complexity of SuperKermit's	packet
assembly scheme	and its	associated buffer management logic and memory
requirements.

Another	sore point with	XMODEM and WXMODEM is the garbage added	to files.
This was acceptable with old CP/M files	which had no exact length, but not
with modern systems such as DOS	and Unix.  YMODEM uses file length
information transmitted	in the header block to trim the	output file, but
this causes data loss when transferring	files that grow	during a transfer.
In some	cases, the file	length may be unknown, as when data is obtained
from a process.	 Variable length data subpackets solve both of these


__________

 3. For	example, when SuperKermit encounters certain errors, the _w_n_d_e_s_r
    function is	called to determine the	next block to request.	A burst	of
    errors generates several wasteful requests to retransmit the same
    block.




Chapter	4	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 8







Chapter	4		     ZMODEM Protocol				 9



problems.

Since some characters had to be	escaped	anyway,	there wasn't any point
wasting	bytes to fill out a fixed packet length	or to specify a	variable
packet length.	In ZMODEM, the length of data subpackets is denoted by
ending each subpacket with an escape sequence similar to BISYNC	and HDLC.

The end	result is a ZMOEM header containing a "frame type", four bytes of
supervisory information, and its own CRC.  Data	frames consist of a header
followed by 1 or more data subpackets.	In the absence of transmission
errors,	an entire file can be sent in one data frame.

Since the sending system may be	sensitive to numerous control characters
or strip parity	in the reverse data path, all of the headers sent by the
receiver are sent in hex.  A common lower level	routine	receives all
headers, allowing the main program logic to deal with headers and data
subpackets as objects.

With equivalent	binary (efficient) and hex (application	friendly) frames,
the sending program can	send an	"invitation to receive"	sequence to
activate the receiver without crashing the remote application with
unexpected control characters.

Going "back to scratch"	in the protocol	design presents	an opportunity to
steal good ideas from many sources and to add a	few new	ones.

From Kermit and	UUCP comes the concept of an initial dialog to exchange
system parameters.

ZMODEM generalizes Compuserve B	Protocol's host	controlled transfers to
single command AutoDownload and	command	downloading.  A	Security Challenge
discourages password hackers and Trojan	Horse authors from abusing
ZMODEM's power.

We were	also keen to the pain and $uffering of legions of
telecommunicators whose	file transfers have been ruined	by communications
and timesharing	faults.	 ZMODEM's file transfer	recovery and advanced file
management are dedicated to these kindred comrades.

After ZMODEM had been operational a short time,	Earl Hall pointed out the
obvious: ZMODEM's user friendly	AutoDownload was almost	useless	if the
user must assign transfer options to each of the sending and receiving
programs.  Now,	transfer options may be	specified to/by	the sending
program, which passes them to the receiving program in the ZFILE header.










Chapter	5	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			 9







Chapter	5		     ZMODEM Protocol				10



5.  RRRROOOOSSSSEEEETTTTTTTTAAAA SSSSTTTTOOOONNNNEEEE

Here are some definitions which	reflect	current	vernacular in the computer
media.	The attempt here is identify the file transfer protocol	rather
than specific programs.

FRAME	A ZMODEM frame consists	of a header and	0 or more data subpackets.

XMODEM	refers to the original 1977 file transfer etiquette introduced by
	Ward Christensen's MODEM2 program.  It's also called the MODEM or
	MODEM2 protocol.  Some who are unaware of MODEM7's unusual batch
	file mode call it MODEM7.  Other aliases include "CP/M Users's
	Group" and "TERM II FTP	3".  This protocol is supported	by most
	communications programs	because	it is easy to implement.

XMODEM/CRC replaces XMODEM's 1 byte checksum with a two	byte Cyclical
	Redundancy Check (CRC-16), improving error detection.

XMODEM-1k Refers to XMODEM-CRC with optional 1024 byte blocks.

YMODEM	refers to the XMODEM/CRC protocol with batch transmission and
	optional 1024 byte blocks as described in YMODEM.DOC.[1]


6.  ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM RRRREEEEQQQQUUUUIIIIRRRREEEEMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS

ZMODEM requires	an 8 bit transfer medium.[1] ZMODEM escapes network
control	characters to allow operation with packet switched networks.  In
general, ZMODEM	operates over any path that supports XMODEM, and over many
that don't.

To support full	streaming,[2] the transmission path should either assert
flow control or	pass full speed	transmission without loss of data.
Otherwise the ZMODEM sender must manage	the window size.

6.1  FFFFiiiilllleeee CCCCoooonnnntttteeeennnnttttssss

6.1.1  BBBBiiiinnnnaaaarrrryyyy FFFFiiiilllleeeessss
ZMODEM places no constraints on	the information	content	of binary files,
except that the	number of bits in the file must	be a multiple of 8.



__________

 1. Available on TeleGodzilla as part of YZMODEM.ZOO

 1. The	ZMODEM design allows encoded packets for less transparent media.

 2. With XOFF and XON, or out of band flow control such	as X.25	or CTS




Chapter	6	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			10







Chapter	6		     ZMODEM Protocol				11



6.1.2  TTTTeeeexxxxtttt FFFFiiiilllleeeessss
Since ZMODEM is	used to	transfer files between different types of computer
systems, text files must meet minimum requirements if they are to be
readable on a wide variety of systems and environments.

Text lines consist of printing ASCII characters, spaces, tabs, and
backspaces.

6.1.2.1	 AAAASSSSCCCCIIIIIIII EEEEnnnndddd ooooffff LLLLiiiinnnneeee
The ASCII code definition allows text lines terminated by a CR/LF (015,
012) sequence, or by a NL (012)	character.  Lines logically terminated by
a lone CR (013)	are not	ASCII text.

A CR (013) without a linefeed implies overprinting, and	is not acceptable
as a logical line separator.  Overprinted lines	should print all important
characters in the last pass to allow CRT displays to display meaningful
text.  Overstruck characters may be generated by backspacing or	by
overprinting the line with CR (015) not	followed by LF.

Overstruck characters generated	with backspaces	should be sent with the
most important character last to accommodate CRT displays that cannot
overstrike.  The sending program may use the ZZZZCCCCNNNNLLLL bit to force the
receiving program to convert the received end of line to its local end of
line convention.[3]






















__________

 3. Files that have been translated in such a way as to	modify their
    length cannot be updated with the ZZZZCCCCRRRREEEECCCCOOOOVVVV Conversion Option.




Chapter	6	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			11







Chapter	6		     ZMODEM Protocol				12



7.  ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM BBBBAAAASSSSIIIICCCCSSSS

7.1  PPPPaaaacccckkkkeeeettttiiiizzzzaaaattttiiiioooonnnn

ZMODEM frames differ somewhat from XMODEM blocks.  XMODEM blocks are not
used for the following reasons:

 o+ Block numbers are limited to	256

 o+ No provision	for variable length blocks

 o+ Line	hits corrupt protocol signals, causing failed file transfers.  In
   particular, modem errors sometimes generate false block numbers, false
   EOTs	and false ACKs.	 False ACKs are	the most troublesome as	they cause
   the sender to lose synchronization with the receiver.

   State of the	art programs such as Professional-YAM and ZCOMM	overcome
   some	of these weaknesses with clever	proprietary code, but a	stronger
   protocol is desired.

 o+ It is difficult to determine	the beginning and ends of XMODEM blocks
   when	line hits cause	a loss of synchronization.  This precludes rapid
   error recovery.

7.2  LLLLiiiinnnnkkkk EEEEssssccccaaaappppeeee EEEEnnnnccccooooddddiiiinnnngggg

ZMODEM achieves	data transparency by extending the 8 bit character set
(256 codes) with escape	sequences based	on the ZMODEM data link	escape
character ZDLE.[1]

Link Escape coding permits variable length data	subpackets without the
overhead of a separate byte count.  It allows the beginning of frames to
be detected without special timing techniques, facilitating rapid error
recovery.

Link Escape coding does	add some overhead.  The	worst case, a file
consisting entirely of escaped characters, would incur a 50% overhead.

The ZDLE character is special.	ZDLE represents	a control sequence of some
sort.  If a ZDLE character appears in binary data, it is prefixed with
ZDLE, then sent	as ZDLEE.

The value for ZDLE is octal 030	(ASCII CAN).  This particular value was
chosen to allow	a string of 5 consecutive CAN characters to abort a ZMODEM


__________

 1. This and other constants are defined in the	_z_m_o_d_e_m._h include file.
    Please note	that constants with a leading 0	are octal constants in C.




Chapter	7	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			12







Chapter	7		     ZMODEM Protocol				13



session, compatible with YMODEM	session	abort.

Since CAN is not used in normal	terminal operations, interactive
applications and communications	programs can monitor the data flow for
ZDLE.  The following characters	can be scanned to detect the ZRQINIT
header,	the invitation to automatically	download commands or files.

Receipt	of five	successive CAN characters will abort a ZMODEM session.
Eight CAN characters are sent.

The receiving program decodes any sequence of ZDLE followed by a byte with
bit 6 set and bit 5 reset (upper case letter, either parity) to	the
equivalent control character by	inverting bit 6.  This allows the
transmitter to escape any control character that cannot	be sent	by the
communications medium.	In addition, the receiver recognizes escapes for
0177 and 0377 should these characters need to be escaped.

ZMODEM software	escapes	ZDLE, 020, 0220, 021, 0221, 023, and 0223.  If
preceded by 0100 or 0300 (@), 015 and 0215 are also escaped to protect the
Telenet	command	escape CR-@-CR.	 The receiver ignores 021, 0221, 023, and
0223 characters	in the data stream.

The ZMODEM routines in zm.c accept an option to	escape all control
characters, to allow operation with less transparent networks.	This
option can be given to either the sending or receiving program.

7.3  HHHHeeeeaaaaddddeeeerrrr

All ZMODEM frames begin	with a header which may	be sent	in binary or HEX
form.  ZMODEM uses a single routine to recognize binary	and hex	headers.
Either form of the header contains the same raw	information:

 o+ A type byte[2] [3]

 o+ Four	bytes of data indicating flags and/or numeric quantities depending
   on the frame	type







__________

 2. The	frame types are	cardinal numbers beginning with	0 to minimize
    state transition table memory requirements.

 3. Future extensions to ZMODEM	may use	the high order bits of the type
    byte to indicate thread selection.




Chapter	7	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			13







Chapter	7		     ZMODEM Protocol				14



		   FFFFiiiigggguuuurrrreeee 1111....  Order of Bytes in	Header

		   TYPE:  frame	type
		   F0: Flags least significant byte
		   P0: file Position least significant
		   P3: file Position most significant

			   TYPE	 F3 F2 F1 F0
			   -------------------
			   TYPE	 P0 P1 P2 P3

7.3.1  11116666 BBBBiiiitttt CCCCRRRRCCCC BBBBiiiinnnnaaaarrrryyyy HHHHeeeeaaaaddddeeeerrrr
A binary header	is sent	by the sending program to the receiving	program.
ZDLE encoding accommodates XON/XOFF flow control.

A binary header	begins with the	sequence ZPAD, ZDLE, ZBIN.

The frame type byte is ZDLE encoded.

The four position/flags	bytes are ZDLE encoded.

A two byte CRC of the frame type and position/flag bytes is ZDLE encoded.

0 or more binary data subpackets with 16 bit CRC will follow depending on
the frame type.

The function _z_s_b_h_d_r transmits a	binary header.	The function _z_g_e_t_h_d_r
receives a binary or hex header.

		   FFFFiiiigggguuuurrrreeee 2222....  16 Bit CRC Binary	Header
	    * ZDLE A TYPE F3/P0	F2/P1 F1/P2 F0/P3 CRC-1	CRC-2


7.3.2  33332222 BBBBiiiitttt CCCCRRRRCCCC BBBBiiiinnnnaaaarrrryyyy HHHHeeeeaaaaddddeeeerrrr
A "32 bit CRC" Binary header is	similar	to a Binary Header, except the
ZZZZBBBBIIIINNNN (A) character is replaced by a ZZZZBBBBIIIINNNN33332222 (C) character, and four
characters of CRC are sent.  0 or more binary data subpackets with 32 bit
CRC will follow	depending on the frame type.

The common variable _T_x_f_c_s_3_2 may	be set TRUE for	32 bit CRC iff the
receiver indicates the capability with the CCCCAAAANNNNFFFFCCCC33332222 bit.	 The zgethdr,
zsdata and zrdata functions automatically adjust to the	type of	Frame
Check Sequence being used.
		   FFFFiiiigggguuuurrrreeee 3333....  32 Bit CRC Binary	Header
      *	ZDLE C TYPE F3/P0 F2/P1	F1/P2 F0/P3 CRC-1 CRC-2	CRC-3 CRC-4


7.3.3  HHHHEEEEXXXX HHHHeeeeaaaaddddeeeerrrr
The receiver sends responses in	hex headers.  The sender also uses hex
headers	when they are not followed by binary data subpackets.




Chapter	7	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			14







Chapter	7		     ZMODEM Protocol				15



Hex encoding protects the reverse channel from random control characters.
The hex	header receiving routine ignores parity.

Use of Kermit style encoding for control and paritied characters was
considered and rejected	because	of increased possibility of interacting
with some timesharing systems' line edit functions.  Use of HEX	headers
from the receiving program allows control characters to	be used	to
interrupt the sender when errors are detected.	A HEX header may be used
in place of a binary header wherever convenient.  If a data packet follows
a HEX header, it is protected with CRC-16.

A hex header begins with the sequence ZPAD, ZPAD, ZDLE,	ZHEX.  The _z_g_e_t_h_d_r
routine	synchronizes with the ZPAD-ZDLE	sequence.  The extra ZPAD
character allows the sending program to	detect an asynchronous header
(indicating an error condition)	and then call _z_g_e_t_h_d_r to receive the
header.

The type byte, the four	position/flag bytes, and the 16	bit CRC	thereof
are sent in hex	using the character set	01234567890abcdef.  Upper case hex
digits are not allowed;	they false trigger XMODEM and YMODEM programs.
Since this form	of hex encoding	detects	many patterns of errors,
especially missing characters, a hex header with 32 bit	CRC has	not been
defined.

A carriage return and line feed	are sent with HEX headers.  The	receive
routine	expects	to see at least	one of these characters, two if	the first
is CR.	The CR/LF aids debugging from printouts, and helps overcome
certain	operating system related problems.

An XON character is appended to	all HEX	packets	except ZACK and	ZFIN.  The
XON releases the sender	from spurious XOFF flow	control	characters
generated by line noise, a common occurrence.  XON is not sent after ZACK
headers	to protect flow	control	in streaming situations.  XON is not sent
after a	ZFIN header to allow clean session cleanup.

0 or more data subpackets will follow depending	on the frame type.

The function _z_s_h_h_d_r sends a hex	header.

			  FFFFiiiigggguuuurrrreeee 4444....  HEX Header

      *	* ZDLE B TYPE F3/P0 F2/P1 F1/P2	F0/P3 CRC-1 CRC-2 CR LF	XON

(TYPE, F3...F0,	CRC-1, and CRC-2 are each sent as two hex digits.)










Chapter	7	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			15







Chapter	7		     ZMODEM Protocol				16



7.4  BBBBiiiinnnnaaaarrrryyyy DDDDaaaattttaaaa SSSSuuuubbbbppppaaaacccckkkkeeeettttssss

Binary data subpackets immediately follow the associated binary	header
packet.	 A binary data packet contains 0 to 1024 bytes of data.
Recommended length values are 256 bytes	below 2400 bps,	512 at 2400 bps,
and 1024 above 4800 bps	or when	the data link is known to be relatively
error free.[4]

No padding is used with	binary data subpackets.	 The data bytes	are ZDLE
encoded	and transmitted.  A ZDLE and frameend are then sent, followed by
two or four ZDLE encoded CRC bytes.  The CRC accumulates the data bytes
and frameend.

The function _z_s_d_a_t_a sends a data subpacket.  The function _z_r_d_a_t_a receives
a data subpacket.

7.5  AAAASSSSCCCCIIIIIIII EEEEnnnnccccooooddddeeeedddd DDDDaaaattttaaaa	SSSSuuuubbbbppppaaaacccckkkkeeeetttt

The format of ASCII Encoded data subpackets is not currently specified.
These could be used for	server commands, or main transfers in 7	bit
environments.


8.  PPPPRRRROOOOTTTTOOOOCCCCOOOOLLLL TTTTRRRRAAAANNNNSSSSAAAACCCCTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN OOOOVVVVEEEERRRRVVVVIIIIEEEEWWWW

As with	the XMODEM recommendation, ZMODEM timing is receiver driven.  The
transmitter should not time out	at all,	except to abort	the program if no
headers	are received for an extended period of time, say one minute.[1]


8.1  SSSSeeeessssssssiiiioooonnnn SSSSttttaaaarrrrttttuuuupppp

To start a ZMODEM file transfer	session, the sending program is	called
with the names of the desired file(s) and option(s).

The sending program may	send the string	"rz\r" to invoke the receiving
program	from a possible	command	mode.  The "rz"	followed by carriage
return activates a ZMODEM receive program or command if	it were	not
already	active.

The sender may then display a message intended for human consumption, such


__________

 4. Strategies for adjusting the subpacket length for optimal results
    based on real time error rates are still evolving.	Shorter	subpackets
    speed error	detection but increase protocol	overhead slightly.

 1. Special considerations apply when sending commands.




Chapter	8	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			16







Chapter	8		     ZMODEM Protocol				17



as a list of the files requested, etc.

Then the sender	may send a ZZZZRRRRQQQQIIIINNNNIIIITTTT header.  The	ZZZZRRRRQQQQIIIINNNNIIIITTTT	header causes a
previously started receive program to send its ZZZZRRRRIIIINNNNIIIITTTT header without
delay.

In an interactive or conversational mode, the receiving	application may
monitor	the data stream	for ZDLE.  The following characters may	be scanned
for BBBB00000000	indicating a ZRQINIT header, a command to download a command or
data.

The sending program awaits a command from the receiving	program	to start
file transfers.	 If a "C", "G",	or NAK is received, an XMODEM or YMODEM
file transfer is indicated, and	file transfer(s) use the YMODEM	protocol.
Note: With ZMODEM and YMODEM, the sending program provides the file name,
but not	with XMODEM.

In case	of garbled data, the sending program can repeat	the invitation to
receive	a number of times until	a session starts.

When the ZMODEM	receive	program	starts,	it immediately sends a ZZZZRRRRIIIINNNNIIIITTTT
header to initiate ZMODEM file transfers, or a ZZZZCCCCHHHHAAAALLLLLLLLEEEENNNNGGGGEEEE header to verify
the sending program.  The receive program resends its header at	_r_e_s_p_o_n_s_e
_t_i_m_e (default 10 second) intervals for a suitable period of time (40
seconds	total) before falling back to YMODEM protocol.

If the receiving program receives a ZZZZRRRRQQQQIIIINNNNIIIITTTT header, it resends the ZZZZRRRRIIIINNNNIIIITTTT
header.	 If the	sending	program	receives the ZZZZCCCCHHHHAAAALLLLLLLLEEEENNNNGGGGEEEE	header,	it places
the data in ZP0...ZP3 in an answering ZZZZAAAACCCCKKKK header.

If the receiving program receives a ZZZZRRRRIIIINNNNIIIITTTT header, it is an echo
indicating that	the sending program is not operational.

Eventually the sending program correctly receives the ZZZZRRRRIIIINNNNIIIITTTT header.

The sender may then send an optional ZZZZSSSSIIIINNNNIIIITTTT frame to define the	receiving
program's AAAAttttttttnnnn sequence, or to specify complete	control	character
escaping.[2]

If the ZSINIT header specifies ESCCTL or ESC8, a HEX header is used, and
the receiver activates the specified ESC modes before reading the
following data subpacket.

The receiver sends a ZZZZAAAACCCCKKKK header in response, optionally containing the


__________

 2. If the receiver specifies the same or higher level of escaping, the
    ZSINIT frame need not be sent unless an Attn sequence is needed.




Chapter	8	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			17







Chapter	8		     ZMODEM Protocol				18



serial number of the receiving program,	or 0.

8.2  FFFFiiiilllleeee TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssmmmmiiiissssssssiiiioooonnnn

The sender then	sends a	ZZZZFFFFIIIILLLLEEEE header with ZMODEM Conversion, Management,
and Transport options[3] followed by a ZCRCW data subpacket containing the
file name, file	length,	modification date, and other information identical
to that	used by	YMODEM Batch.

The receiver examines the file name, length, and date information provided
by the sender in the context of	the specified transfer options,	the
current	state of its file system(s), and local security	requirements.  The
receiving program should insure	the pathname and options are compatible
with its operating environment and local security requirements.

The receiver may respond with a	ZZZZSSSSKKKKIIIIPPPP header, which makes the sender
proceed	to the next file (if any) in the batch.

       If the receiver has a file with the same	name and length,
       it may respond with a ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCC header, which	requires the
       sender to perform a 32 bit CRC on the file and transmit the
       complement of the CRC in	a ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCC header.[4] The receiver
       uses this information to	determine whether to accept the
       file or skip it.	 This sequence is triggered by the ZMCRC
       Management Option.

A ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS	header from the	receiver initiates transmission	of the file data
starting at the	offset in the file specified in	the ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS header.
Normally the receiver specifies	the data transfer to begin begin at
offset 0 in the	file.
       The receiver may	start the transfer further down	in the
       file.  This allows a file transfer interrupted by a loss
       or carrier or system crash to be	completed on the next
       connection without requiring the	entire file to be
       retransmitted.[5] If downloading	a file from a timesharing
       system that becomes sluggish, the transfer can be
       interrupted and resumed later with no loss of data.

The sender sends a ZZZZDDDDAAAATTTTAAAA binary	header (with file position) followed by
one or more data subpackets.



__________

 3. See	below, under ZFILE header type.

 4. The	crc is initialized to 0xFFFFFFFF.

 5. This does not apply	to files that have been	translated.




Chapter	8	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			18







Chapter	8		     ZMODEM Protocol				19



The receiver compares the file position	in the ZZZZDDDDAAAATTTTAAAA header with the
number of characters successfully received to the file.	 If they do not
agree, a ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS error response is generated to force the	sender to the
right position within the file.[6]

A data subpacket terminated by ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCGGGG and CRC does not elicit a response
unless an error	is detected; more data subpacket(s) follow immediately.

       ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCQQQQ data subpackets expect a ZZZZAAAACCCCKKKK response with the
       receiver's file offset if no error, otherwise a ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS
       response	with the last good file	offset.	 Another data
       subpacket continues immediately.	 ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCQQQQ subpackets are
       not used	if the receiver	does not indicate FDX ability
       with the	CCCCAAAANNNNFFFFDDDDXXXX bit.

ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCWWWW data subpackets expect a response	before the next	frame is sent.
If the receiver	does not indicate overlapped I/O capability with the
CCCCAAAANNNNOOOOVVVVIIIIOOOO	bit, or	sets a buffer size, the	sender uses the	ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCWWWW to allow
the receiver to	write its buffer before	sending	more data.

       A zero length data frame	may be used as an idle
       subpacket to prevent the	receiver from timing out in
       case data is not	immediately available to the sender.

In the absence of fatal	error, the sender eventually encounters	end of
file.  If the end of file is encountered within	a frame, the frame is
closed with a ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCEEEE data subpacket which does not elicit a response
except in case of error.

The sender sends a ZZZZEEEEOOOOFFFF	header with the	file ending offset equal to
the number of characters in the	file.  The receiver compares this
number with the	number of characters received.	If the receiver	has
received all of	the file, it closes the	file.  If the file close was
satisfactory, the receiver responds with ZZZZRRRRIIIINNNNIIIITTTT.  If the receiver has
not received all the bytes of the file,	the receiver ignores the ZEOF
because	a new ZDATA is coming.	If the receiver	cannot properly	close
the file, a ZZZZFFFFEEEERRRRRRRR header is sent.

       After all files are processed, any further protocol
       errors should not prevent the sending program from
       returning with a	success	status.





__________

 6. If the ZMSPARS option is used, the receiver	instead	seeks to the
    position given in the ZDATA	header.




Chapter	8	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			19







Chapter	8		     ZMODEM Protocol				20



8.3  SSSSeeeessssssssiiiioooonnnn CCCClllleeeeaaaannnnuuuupppp

The sender closes the session with a ZZZZFFFFIIIINNNN header.  The receiver
acknowledges this with its own ZZZZFFFFIIIINNNN header.

When the sender	receives the acknowledging header, it sends two
characters, "OO" (Over and Out)	and exits to the operating system or
application that invoked it.  The receiver waits briefly for the "O"
characters, then exits whether they were received or not.

8.4  SSSSeeeessssssssiiiioooonnnn AAAAbbbboooorrrrtttt SSSSeeeeqqqquuuueeeennnncccceeee

If the receiver	is receiving data in streaming mode, the AAAAttttttttnnnn
sequence is executed to	interrupt data transmission before the Cancel
sequence is sent.  The Cancel sequence consists	of eight CAN
characters and ten backspace characters.  ZMODEM only requires five
Cancel characters, the other three are "insurance".

The trailing backspace characters attempt to erase the effects of the
CAN characters if they are received by a command interpreter.

       static char canistr[] = {
	24,24,24,24,24,24,24,24,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0
       };






























Chapter	8	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			20







Chapter	8		     ZMODEM Protocol				21



9.  SSSSTTTTRRRREEEEAAAAMMMMIIIINNNNGGGG TTTTEEEECCCCHHHHNNNNIIIIQQQQUUUUEEEESSSS //// EEEERRRRRRRROOOORRRR RRRREEEECCCCOOOOVVVVEEEERRRRYYYY

It is a	fact of	life that no single method of streaming	is applicable
to a majority of today's computing and telecommunications
environments.  ZMODEM provides several data streaming methods
selected according to the limitations of the sending environment,
receiving environment, and transmission	channel(s).


9.1  FFFFuuuullllllll SSSSttttrrrreeeeaaaammmmiiiinnnngggg wwwwiiiitttthhhh SSSSaaaammmmpppplllliiiinnnngggg

If the receiver	can overlap serial I/O with disk I/O, and if the
sender can sample the reverse channel for the presence of data
without	having to wait,	full streaming can be used with	no AAAAttttttttnnnn
sequence required.  The	sender begins data transmission	with a ZZZZDDDDAAAATTTTAAAA
header and continuous ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCGGGG data subpackets.  When the receiver
detects	an error, it executes the AAAAttttttttnnnn sequence	and then sends a
ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS header with the correct position within the file.

At the end of each transmitted data subpacket, the sender checks for
the presence of	an error header	from the receiver.  To do this,	the
sender samples the reverse data	stream for the presence	of either a
ZPAD or	CAN character.[1] Flow control characters (if present) are
acted upon.

Other characters (indicating line noise) increment a counter which is
reset whenever the sender waits	for a header from the receiver.	 If
the counter overflows, the sender sends	the next data subpacket	as
ZCRCW, and waits for a response.

ZPAD indicates some sort of error header from the receiver.  A CAN
suggests the user is attempting	to "stop the bubble machine" by
keyboarding CAN	characters.  If	one of these characters	is seen, an
empty ZCRCE data subpacket is sent.  Normally, the receiver will have
sent an	ZRPOS or other error header, which will	force the sender to
resume transmission at a different address, or take other action.  In
the unlikely event the ZPAD or CAN character was spurious, the
receiver will time out and send	a ZRPOS	header.[2]

Then the receiver's response header is read and	acted upon.[3]


__________

 1. The	call to	rdchk()	in sssszzzz....cccc	performs this function.

 2. The	obvious	choice of ZCRCW	packet,	which would trigger an ZACK from
    the	receiver, is not used because multiple in transit frames could
    result if the channel has a	long propagation delay.

 3. The	call to	getinsync() in sssszzzz....cccc performs this function.



Chapter	9	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			21







Chapter	9		     ZMODEM Protocol				22



A ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS	header resets the sender's file	offset to the correct
position.  If possible,	the sender should purge	its output buffers
and/or networks	of all unprocessed output data,	to minimize the
amount of unwanted data	the receiver must discard before receiving
data starting at the correct file offset.  The next transmitted	data
frame should be	a ZCRCW	frame followed by a wait to guarantee
complete flushing of the network's memory.

If the receiver	gets a ZZZZAAAACCCCKKKK header with	an address that	disagrees
with the sender	address, it is ignored,	and the	sender waits for
another	header.	 A ZZZZFFFFIIIINNNN, ZZZZAAAABBBBOOOORRRRTTTT, or TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEOOOOUUUUTTTT terminates the session; a
ZZZZSSSSKKKKIIIIPPPP terminates the processing	of this	file.

The reverse channel is then sampled for	the presence of	another
header from the	receiver.[4] if	one is detected, the getinsync()
function is again called to read another error header.	Otherwise,
transmission resumes at	the (possibly reset) file offset with a	ZZZZDDDDAAAATTTTAAAA
header followed	by data	subpackets.


9.1.1  WWWWiiiinnnnddddoooowwww MMMMaaaannnnaaaaggggeeeemmmmeeeennnntttt
When sending data through a network, some nodes	of the network store
data while it is transferred to	the receiver.  7000 bytes and more of
transient storage have been observed.  Such a large amount of storage
causes the transmitter to "get ahead" of the reciever.	This can be
fatal with MEGAlink and	other protocols	that depend on timely
notification of	errors from the	receiver.  This	condition is not
fatal with ZMODEM, but it does slow error recovery.

To manage the window size, the sending program uses ZCRCQ data
subpackets to trigger ZACK headers from	the receiver.  The returning
ZACK headers inform the	sender of the receiver's progress.  When the
window size (current transmitter file offset - last reported receiver
file offset) exceeds a specified value,	the sender waits for a
ZACK[5]	packet with a receiver file offset that	reduces	the window
size.

Unix _s_z	versions beginning with	May 9 1987 control the window size
with the "-w N"	option,	where N	is the maximum window size.  Pro-YAM,
ZCOMM and DSZ versions beginning with May 9 1987 control the window
size with "zmodem pwN".	 This is compatible with previous versions of
these programs.[6]


__________

 4. If sampling	is possible.

 5. ZRPOS and other error packets are handled normally.

 6. When used with modems or networks that simultaneously assert flow



Chapter	9	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			22







Chapter	9		     ZMODEM Protocol				23



9.2  FFFFuuuullllllll SSSSttttrrrreeeeaaaammmmiiiinnnngggg wwwwiiiitttthhhh RRRReeeevvvveeeerrrrsssseeee IIIInnnntttteeeerrrrrrrruuuupppptttt

The above method cannot	be used	if the reverse data stream cannot be
sampled	without	entering an I/O	wait.  An alternate method is to
instruct the receiver to interrupt the sending program when an error
is detected.

The receiver can interrupt the sender with a control character,	break
signal,	or combination thereof,	as specified in	the AAAAttttttttnnnn sequence.
After executing	the AAAAttttttttnnnn sequence, the receiver	sends a	hex ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS
header to force	the sender to resend the lost data.

When the sending program responds to this interrupt, it	reads a	HEX
header (normally ZRPOS)	from the receiver and takes the	action
described in the previous section.  The	Unix sssszzzz....cccc program uses a
setjmp/longjmp call to catch the interrupt generated by	the AAAAttttttttnnnn
sequence.  Catching the	interrupt activates the	getinsync() function
to read	the receiver's error header and	take appropriate action.

When compiled for standard SYSTEM III/V	Unix, sssszzzz....cccc uses	an AAAAttttttttnnnn
sequence of Ctrl-C followed by a 1 second pause	to interrupt the
sender,	then give the sender (Unix) time to prepare for	the
receiver's error header.


9.3  FFFFuuuullllllll SSSSttttrrrreeeeaaaammmmiiiinnnngggg wwwwiiiitttthhhh SSSSlllliiiiddddiiiinnnngggg WWWWiiiinnnnddddoooowwww

If none	of the above methods is	applicable, hope is not	yet lost.  If
the sender can buffer responses	from the receiver, the sender can use
ZCRCQ data subpackets to get ACKs from the receiver without
interrupting the transmission of data.	After a	sufficient number of
ZCRCQ data subpackets have been	sent, the sender can read one of the
headers	that should have arrived in its	receive	interrupt buffer.

A problem with this method is the possibility of wasting an excessive
amount of time responding to the receiver's error header.  It may be
possible to program the	receiver's AAAAttttttttnnnn	sequence to flush the
sender's interrupt buffer before sending the ZRPOS header.







__________________________________________________________________________

    control with XON and XOFF characters aaaannnndddd pass XON characters that
    violate flow control, the receiving	program	should have a revision
    date of May	9 or later.




Chapter	9	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			23







Chapter	9		     ZMODEM Protocol				24



9.4  FFFFuuuullllllll SSSSttttrrrreeeeaaaammmmiiiinnnngggg oooovvvveeeerrrr EEEErrrrrrrroooorrrr FFFFrrrreeeeeeee CCCChhhhaaaannnnnnnneeeellllssss

File transfer protocols	predicated on the existence of an error	free
end to end communications channel have been proposed from time to
time.  Such channels have proven to be more readily available in
theory than in actuality.  The frequency of undetected errors
increases when modem scramblers	have more bits than the	error
detecting CRC.

A ZMODEM sender	assuming an error free channel with end	to end flow
control	can send the entire file in one	frame without any checking of
the reverse stream.  If	this channel is	completely transparent,	only
ZDLE need be escaped.  The resulting protocol overhead for average
long files is less than	one per	cent.[7]

9.5  SSSSeeeeggggmmmmeeeennnntttteeeedddd SSSSttttrrrreeeeaaaammmmiiiinnnngggg

If the receiver	cannot overlap serial and disk I/O, it uses the
ZZZZRRRRIIIINNNNIIIITTTT frame to	specify	a buffer length	which the sender will not
overflow.  The sending program sends a ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCWWWW data subpacket and	waits
for a ZZZZAAAACCCCKKKK header before sending the next segment of the file.

If the sending program supports	reverse	data stream sampling or
interrupt, error recovery will be faster (on average) than a protocol
(such as YMODEM) that sends large blocks.

A sufficiently large receiving buffer allows throughput	to closely
approach that of full streaming.  For example, 16kb segmented
streaming adds about 3 per cent	to full	streaming ZMODEM file
transfer times when the	round trip delay is five seconds.


10.  AAAATTTTTTTTEEEENNNNTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN SSSSEEEEQQQQUUUUEEEENNNNCCCCEEEE

The receiving program sends the	AAAAttttttttnnnn sequence whenever it detects an
error and needs	to interrupt the sending program.

The default AAAAttttttttnnnn string	value is empty (no Attn	sequence).  The
receiving program resets Attn to the empty default before each
transfer session.

The sender specifies the Attn sequence in its optional ZSINIT frame.
The AAAAttttttttnnnn string	is terminated with a null.



__________

 7. One	in 256 for escaping ZDLE, about	two (four if 32	bit CRC	is used)
    in 1024 for	data subpacket CRC's




Chapter	10	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			24







Chapter	10		     ZMODEM Protocol				25



Two meta-characters perform special functions:

   o+ \335 (octal) Send a break signal

   o+ \336 (octal) Pause	one second


11.  FFFFRRRRAAAAMMMMEEEE TTTTYYYYPPPPEEEESSSS

The numeric values for the values shown	in boldface are	given in
_z_m_o_d_e_m._h.  Unused bits and unused bytes	in the header (ZP0...ZP3) are
set to 0.

11.1  ZZZZRRRRQQQQIIIINNNNIIIITTTT

Sent by	the sending program, to	trigger	the receiving program to send
its ZRINIT header.  This avoids	the aggravating	startup	delay
associated with	XMODEM and Kermit transfers.  The sending program may
repeat the receive invitation (including ZRQINIT) if a response	is
not obtained at	first.

ZF0 contains ZCOMMAND if the program is	attempting to send a command,
0 otherwise.

11.2  ZZZZRRRRIIIINNNNIIIITTTT

Sent by	the receiving program.	ZF0 and	ZF1 contain the	 bitwise or
of the receiver	capability flags:
#define	CANCRY	    8	/* Receiver can	decrypt	*/
#define	CANFDX	   01	/* Rx can send and receive true	FDX */
#define	CANOVIO	   02	/* Rx can receive data during disk I/O */
#define	CANBRK	   04	/* Rx can send a break signal */
#define	CANCRY	  010	/* Receiver can	decrypt	*/
#define	CANLZW	  020	/* Receiver can	uncompress */
#define	CANFC32	  040	/* Receiver can	use 32 bit Frame Check */
#define	ESCCTL	 0100	/* Receiver expects ctl	chars to be escaped
*/
#define	ESC8	 0200	/* Receiver expects 8th	bit to be escaped */

ZP0 and	ZP1 contain the	size of	the receiver's buffer in bytes,	or 0
if nonstop I/O is allowed.

11.3  ZZZZSSSSIIIINNNNIIIITTTT

The Sender sends flags followed	by a binary data subpacket terminated
with ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCWWWW.

/* Bit Masks for ZSINIT	flags byte ZF0 */
#define	TESCCTL	0100   /* Transmitter expects ctl chars	to be escaped
*/
#define	TESC8	0200   /* Transmitter expects 8th bit to be escaped



Chapter	11	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			25







Chapter	11		     ZMODEM Protocol				26



*/

The data subpacket contains the	null terminated	AAAAttttttttnnnn sequence,
maximum	length 32 bytes	including the terminating null.

11.4  ZZZZAAAACCCCKKKK

Acknowledgment to a ZZZZSSSSIIIINNNNIIIITTTT frame, ZZZZCCCCHHHHAAAALLLLLLLLEEEENNNNGGGGEEEE header, ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCQQQQ or ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCWWWW
data subpacket.	 ZP0 to	ZP3 contain file offset.  The response to
ZCHALLENGE contains the	same 32	bit number received in the ZCHALLENGE
header.

11.5  ZZZZFFFFIIIILLLLEEEE

This frame denotes the beginning of a file transmission	attempt.
ZF0, ZF1, and ZF2 may contain options.	A value	of 0 in	each of	these
bytes implies no special treatment.  Options specified to the
receiver override options specified to the sender with the exception
of ZZZZCCCCBBBBIIIINNNN which overrides any other Conversion Option given to the
sender or receiver.


11.5.1	ZZZZFFFF0000:::: CCCCoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn	OOOOppppttttiiiioooonnnn
If the receiver	does not recognize the Conversion Option, an
application dependent default conversion may apply.

ZZZZCCCCBBBBIIIINNNN "Binary" transfer	- inhibit conversion unconditionally

ZZZZCCCCNNNNLLLL Convert received end of line to local end of line
     convention.  The supported	end of line conventions	are
     CR/LF (most ASCII based operating systems except Unix
     and Macintosh), and NL (Unix).  Either of these two end
     of	line conventions meet the permissible ASCII
     definitions for Carriage Return and Line Feed/New Line.
     Neither the ASCII code nor	ZMODEM ZCNL encompass lines
     separated only by carriage	returns.  Other	processing
     appropriate to ASCII text files and the local operating
     system may	also be	applied	by the receiver.[1]

ZZZZCCCCRRRREEEECCCCOOOOVVVV	Recover/Resume interrupted file	transfer.  ZCREVOV is
     also useful for updating a	remote copy of a file that
     grows without resending of	old data.  If the destination
     file exists and is	no longer than the source, append to
     the destination file and start transfer at	the offset
     corresponding to the receiver's end of file.  This


__________

 1. Filtering RUBOUT, NULL, Ctrl-Z, etc.




Chapter	11	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			26







Chapter	11		     ZMODEM Protocol				27



     option does not apply if the source file is shorter.
     Files that	have been converted (e.g., ZCNL) or subject
     to	a single ended Transport Option	cannot have their
     transfers recovered.

11.5.2	ZZZZFFFF1111:::: MMMMaaaannnnaaaaggggeeeemmmmeeeennnntttt	OOOOppppttttiiiioooonnnn
If the receiver	does not recognize the Management Option, the
file should be transferred normally.

The ZZZZMMMMSSSSKKKKNNNNOOOOLLLLOOOOCCCC bit instructs the	receiver to bypass the
current	file if	the receiver does not have a file with the
same name.

Five bits (defined by ZZZZMMMMMMMMAAAASSSSKKKK) define the following set of
mutually exclusive management options.

ZZZZMMMMNNNNEEEEWWWWLLLL Transfer	file if	destination file absent.  Otherwise,
     transfer file overwriting destination if the source file
     is	newer or longer.

ZZZZMMMMCCCCRRRRCCCC Compare the source and destination files.	 Transfer if
     file lengths or file polynomials differ.

ZZZZMMMMAAAAPPPPNNNNDDDD Append source file contents to the end of the existing
     destination file (if any).

ZZZZMMMMCCCCLLLLOOOOBBBB Replace existing	destination file (if any).

ZZZZMMMMDDDDIIIIFFFFFFFF Transfer	file if	destination file absent.  Otherwise,
     transfer file overwriting destination if files have
     different lengths or dates.

ZZZZMMMMPPPPRRRROOOOTTTT Protect destination file	by transferring	file only if
     the destination file is absent.

ZZZZMMMMNNNNEEEEWWWW Transfer file if destination file	absent.	 Otherwise,
     transfer file overwriting destination if the source file
     is	newer.

11.5.3	ZZZZFFFF2222:::: TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssppppoooorrrrtttt OOOOppppttttiiiioooonnnn
If the receiver	does not implement the particular transport
option,	the file is copied without conversion for later
processing.

ZZZZTTTTLLLLZZZZWWWW Lempel-Ziv compression.  Transmitted data	will be
     identical to that produced	by ccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss 4444....0000	operating on
     a computer	with VAX byte ordering,	using 12 bit
     encoding.

ZZZZTTTTCCCCRRRRYYYYPPPPTTTT	Encryption.  An	initial	null terminated	string
     identifies	the key.  Details to be	determined.



Chapter	11	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			27







Chapter	11		     ZMODEM Protocol				28



ZZZZTTTTRRRRLLLLEEEE Run Length encoding, Details to be determined.

A ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCCWWWW	data subpacket follows with file name, file length,
modification date, and other information described in a	later
chapter.

11.5.4	ZZZZFFFF3333:::: EEEExxxxtttteeeennnnddddeeeedddd OOOOppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss
The Extended Options are bit encoded.

ZZZZTTTTSSSSPPPPAAAARRRRSSSS	Special	processing for sparse files, or	sender managed
     selective retransmission.	Each file segment is transmitted as
     a separate	frame, where the frames	are not	necessarily
     contiguous.  The sender should end	each segment with a ZCRCW
     data subpacket and	process	the expected ZACK to insure no data
     is	lost.  ZTSPARS cannot be used with ZCNL.

11.6  ZZZZSSSSKKKKIIIIPPPP

Sent by	the receiver in	response to ZZZZFFFFIIIILLLLEEEE, makes the sender skip to
the next file.

11.7  ZZZZNNNNAAAAKKKK

Indicates last header was garbled.  (See also ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS).

11.8  ZZZZAAAABBBBOOOORRRRTTTT

Sent by	receiver to terminate batch file transfers when	requested by
the user.  Sender responds with	a ZZZZFFFFIIIINNNN sequence.[2]

11.9  ZZZZFFFFIIIINNNN

Sent by	sending	program	to terminate a ZMODEM session.	Receiver
responds with its own ZZZZFFFFIIIINNNN.

11.10  ZZZZRRRRPPPPOOOOSSSS

Sent by	receiver to force file transfer	to resume at file offset
given in ZP0...ZP3.








__________

 2. Or ZZZZCCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPLLLL in case of server	mode.




Chapter	11	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			28







Chapter	11		     ZMODEM Protocol				29



11.11  ZZZZDDDDAAAATTTTAAAA

ZP0...ZP3 contain file offset.	One or more data subpackets follow.

11.12  ZZZZEEEEOOOOFFFF

Sender reports End of File.  ZP0...ZP3 contain the ending file
offset.

11.13  ZZZZFFFFEEEERRRRRRRR

Error in reading or writing file, protocol equivalent to ZZZZAAAABBBBOOOORRRRTTTT.

11.14  ZZZZCCCCRRRRCCCC

Request	(receiver) and response	(sender) for file polynomial.
ZP0...ZP3 contain file polynomial.

11.15  ZZZZCCCCHHHHAAAALLLLLLLLEEEENNNNGGGGEEEE

Request	sender to echo a random	number in ZP0...ZP3 in a ZACK frame.
Sent by	the receiving program to the sending program to	verify that
it is connected	to an operating	program, and was not activated by
spurious data or a Trojan Horse	message.

11.16  ZZZZCCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPLLLL

Request	now completed.

11.17  ZZZZCCCCAAAANNNN

This is	a pseudo frame type returned by	gethdr() in response to	a
Session	Abort sequence.

11.18  ZZZZFFFFRRRREEEEEEEECCCCNNNNTTTT

Sending	program	requests a ZACK	frame with ZP0...ZP3 containing	the
number of free bytes on	the current file system.  A value of 0
represents an indefinite amount	of free	space.

11.19  ZZZZCCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDD

ZCOMMAND is sent in a binary frame.  ZZZZFFFF0000 contains 0000 or ZZZZCCCCAAAACCCCKKKK1111 (see
below).

A ZCRCW	data subpacket follows,	with the ASCII text command string
terminated with	a NULL character.  If the command is intended to be
executed by the	operating system hosting the receiving program
(e.g., "shell escape"),	it must	have "!" as the	first character.
Otherwise the command is meant to be executed by the application
program	which receives the command.



Chapter	11	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			29







Chapter	11		     ZMODEM Protocol				30



If the receiver	detects	an illegal or badly formed command, the
receiver immediately responds with a ZCOMPL header with	an error
code in	ZP0...ZP3.

If ZF0 contained ZZZZCCCCAAAACCCCKKKK1111,,,, the receiver immediately responds with	a
ZCOMPL header with 0 status.

Otherwise, the receiver	responds with a	ZCOMPL header when the
operation is completed.	 The exit status of the	completed command is
stored in ZP0...ZP3.  A	0 exit status implies nominal completion of
the command.

If the command causes a	file to	be transmitted,	the command sender
will see a ZRQINIT frame from the other	computer attempting to send
data.

The sender examines ZF0	of the received	ZRQINIT	header to verify it
is not an echo of its own ZRQINIT header.  It is illegal for the
sending	program	to command the receiving program to send a command.

If the receiver	program	does not implement command downloading,	it
may display the	command	to the standard	error output, then return a
ZCOMPL header.



12.  SSSSEEEESSSSSSSSIIIIOOOONNNN TTTTRRRRAAAANNNNSSSSAAAACCCCTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS

12.1  AAAA	ssssiiiimmmmpppplllleeee ffffiiiilllleeee ttttrrrraaaannnnssssffffeeeerrrr

A simple transaction, one file,	no errors, no CHALLENGE, overlapped
I/O:

Sender	       Receiver

"rz\r"
ZRQINIT(0)
	       ZRINIT
ZFILE
	       ZRPOS
ZDATA data ...
ZEOF
	       ZRINIT
ZFIN
	       ZFIN
OO








Chapter	12	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			30







Chapter	12		     ZMODEM Protocol				31



12.2  CCCChhhhaaaalllllllleeeennnnggggeeee	aaaannnndddd CCCCoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd DDDDoooowwwwnnnnllllooooaaaadddd


Sender		    Receiver

"rz\r"
ZRQINIT(ZCOMMAND)
		    ZCHALLENGE(random-number)
ZACK(same-number)
		    ZRINIT
ZCOMMAND, ZDATA
		    (Performs Command)
		    ZCOMPL
ZFIN
		    ZFIN
OO


13.  ZZZZFFFFIIIILLLLEEEE FFFFRRRRAAAAMMMMEEEE FFFFIIIILLLLEEEE IIIINNNNFFFFOOOORRRRMMMMAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN

ZMODEM sends the same file information with the	ZZZZFFFFIIIILLLLEEEE frame data
that YMODEM Batch sends	in its block 0.	 NNNN....BBBB....:::: TTTThhhheeee ppppaaaatttthhhhnnnnaaaammmmeeee ((((ffffiiiilllleeee
nnnnaaaammmmeeee)))) ffffiiiieeeelllldddd iiiissss mmmmaaaannnnddddaaaattttoooorrrryyyy....

PPPPaaaatttthhhhnnnnaaaammmmeeee The pathname (conventionally, the file	name) is sent as a
     null terminated ASCII string.  This is the	filename format	used
     by	the handle oriented MSDOS(TM) functions	and C library fopen
     functions.	 An assembly language example follows:
			   DB	  'foo.bar',0
     No	spaces are included in the pathname.  Normally only the	file
     name stem (no directory prefix) is	transmitted unless the
     sender has	selected YAM's ffff option	to send	the ffffuuuullllllll absolute or
     relative pathname.	 The source drive designator (A:, B:, etc.)
     usually is	not sent.

			 FFFFiiiilllleeeennnnaaaammmmeeee CCCCoooonnnnssssiiiiddddeeeerrrraaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss

	o+ File names should be translated to lower case	unless the
	  sending system supports upper/lower case file	names.	This
	  is a convenience for users of	systems	(such as Unix) which
	  store	filenames in upper and lower case.

	o+ The receiver should accommodate file names in	lower and
	  upper	case.

	o+ When transmitting files between different operating
	  systems, file	names must be acceptable to both the sender
	  and receiving	operating systems.  If not, transformations
	  should be applied to make the	file names acceptable.	If
	  the transformations are unsuccessful,	a new file name	may
	  be invented be the receiving program.



Chapter	13	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			31







Chapter	13		     ZMODEM Protocol				32



     If	directories are	included, they are delimited by	/; i.e.,
     "subdir/foo" is acceptable, "subdir\foo" is not.

LLLLeeeennnnggggtttthhhh The file	length and each	of the succeeding fields are
     optional.[1] The length field is stored as	a decimal string
     counting the number of data bytes in the file.

     The ZMODEM	receiver uses the file length as an estimate only.
     It	may be used to display an estimate of the transmission time,
     and may be	compared with the amount of free disk space.  The
     actual length of the received file	is determined by the data
     transfer.	A file may grow	after transmission commences, and
     all the data will be sent.

MMMMooooddddiiiiffffiiiiccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnn DDDDaaaatttteeee A single space separates the modification date
     from the file length.

     The mod date is optional, and the filename	and length may be
     sent without requiring the	mod date to be sent.

     The mod date is sent as an	octal number giving the	time the
     ccccoooonnnntttteeeennnnttttssss of the file were last changed measured in	seconds	from
     Jan 1 1970	Universal Coordinated Time (GMT).  A date of 0
     implies the modification date is unknown and should be left as
     the date the file is received.

     This standard format was chosen to	eliminate ambiguities
     arising from transfers between different time zones.


FFFFiiiilllleeee MMMMooooddddeeee A single space separates the file mode from the
     modification date.	 The file mode is stored as an octal string.
     Unless the	file originated	from a Unix system, the	file mode is
     set to 0.	rz(1) checks the file mode for the 0x8000 bit which
     indicates a Unix type regular file.  Files	with the 0x8000	bit
     set are assumed to	have been sent from another Unix (or
     similar) system which uses	the same file conventions.  Such
     files are not translated in any way.


SSSSeeeerrrriiiiaaaallll NNNNuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr A	single space separates the serial number from the
     file mode.	 The serial number of the transmitting program is
     stored as an octal	string.	 Programs which	do not have a serial
     number should omit	this field, or set it to 0.  The receiver's
     use of this field is optional.


__________

 1. Fields may not be skipped.




Chapter	13	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			32







Chapter	13		     ZMODEM Protocol				33



NNNNuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr ooooffff FFFFiiiilllleeeessss	RRRReeeemmmmaaaaiiiinnnniiiinnnngggg Iff the number of files remaining is sent,
     a single space separates this field from the previous field.
     This field	is coded as a decimal number, and includes the
     current file.  This field is an estimate, and incorrect values
     must not be allowed to cause loss of data.	 The receiver's	use
     of	this field is optional.


NNNNuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr ooooffff BBBByyyytttteeeessss	RRRReeeemmmmaaaaiiiinnnniiiinnnngggg Iff the number of bytes remaining is sent,
     a single space separates this field from the previous field.
     This field	is coded as a decimal number, and includes the
     current file.  This field is an estimate, and incorrect values
     must not be allowed to cause loss of data.	 The receiver's	use
     of	this field is optional.


The file information is	terminated by a	null.  If only the pathname
is sent, the pathname is terminated with ttttwwwwoooo nulls.  The length	of
the file information subpacket,	including the trailing null, must
not exceed 1024	bytes; a typical length	is less	than 64	bytes.


14.  PPPPEEEERRRRFFFFOOOORRRRMMMMAAAANNNNCCCCEEEE RRRREEEESSSSUUUULLLLTTTTSSSS

14.1  CCCCoooommmmppppaaaattttiiiibbbbiiiilllliiiittttyyyy

Extensive testing has demonstrated ZMODEM to be	compatible with
satellite links, packet	switched networks, microcomputers,
minicomputers, regular and error correcting buffered modems at 75 to
19200 bps.  ZMODEM's economy of	reverse	channel	bandwidth allows
modems that dynamically	partition bandwidth between the	two
directions to operate at optimal speeds.

14.2  TTTThhhhrrrroooouuuugggghhhhppppuuuutttt

Between	two single task	PC-XT computers	sending	a program image	on
an in house Telenet link, SuperKermit provided 72 ch/sec throughput
at 1200	baud.  YMODEM-k	yielded	85 chars/sec, and ZMODEM provided
113 chars/sec.	XMODEM was not measured, but would have	been much
slower based on	observed network propagation delays.

Recent tests downloading large binary files to an IBM PC (4.7 mHz
V20) running YAMK 16.30	with table driven 32 bit CRC calculation
yielded	a throughput of	1870 cps on a 19200 bps	direct connection.

Tests with TELEBIT TrailBlazer modems have shown transfer rates
approaching 1400 characters per	second for long	files.	When files
are compressed,	effective transfer rates of 2000 characters per
second are possible.





Chapter	14	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			33







Chapter	14		     ZMODEM Protocol				34



14.3  EEEErrrrrrrroooorrrr RRRReeeeccccoooovvvveeeerrrryyyy

Some tests of ZMODEM protocol error recovery performance have been
made.  A PC-AT with SCO	SYS V Xenix or DOS 3.1 was connected to	a PC
with DOS 2.1 either directly at	9600 bps or with unbuffered dial-up
1200 bps modems.  The ZMODEM software was configured to	use 1024
byte data subpacket lengths above 2400 bps, 256	otherwise.

Because	no time	delays are necessary in	normal file transfers, per
file negotiations are much faster than with YMODEM, the	only
observed delay being the time required by the program(s) to update
logging	files.

During a file transfer,	a short	line hit seen by the receiver
usually	induces	a CRC error.  The interrupt sequence is	usually	seen
by the sender before the next data subpacket is	completely sent, and
the resultant loss of data throughput averages about half a data
subpacket per line hit.	 At 1200 bps this is would be about .75
second lost per	hit.  At 10-5 error rate, this would degrade
throughput by about 9 per cent.

The throughput degradation increases with increasing channel delay,
as more	data subpackets	in transit through the channel are discarded
when an	error is detected.

A longer noise burst that affects both the receiver and	the sender's
reception of the interrupt sequence usually causes the sender to
remain silent until the	receiver times out in 10 seconds.  If the
round trip channel delay exceeds the receiver's	10 second timeout,
recovery from this type	of error may become difficult.

Noise affecting	only the sender	is usually ignored, with one common
exception.  Spurious XOFF characters generated by noise	stop the
sender until the receiver times	out and	sends an interrupt sequence
which concludes	with an	XON.

In summation, ZMODEM performance in the	presence of errors resembles
that of	X.PC and SuperKermit.  Short bursts cause minimal data
retransmission.	 Long bursts (such as pulse dialing noises) often
require	a timeout error	to restore the flow of data.


15.  PPPPAAAACCCCKKKKEEEETTTT SSSSWWWWIIIITTTTCCCCHHHHEEEEDDDD NNNNEEEETTTTWWWWOOOORRRRKKKK CCCCOOOONNNNSSSSIIIIDDDDEEEERRRRAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS

Flow control is	necessary for printing messages	and directories, and
for streaming file transfer protocols.	A non transparent flow
control	is incompatible	with XMODEM and	YMODEM transfers.  XMODEM
and YMODEM protocols require complete transparency of all 256 8	bit
codes to operate properly.

The "best" flow	control	(when X.25 or hardware CTS is unavailable)



Chapter	15	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			34







Chapter	15		     ZMODEM Protocol				35



would not "eat"	any characters at all.	When the PAD's buffer almost
fills up, an XOFF should be emitted.  When the buffer is no longer
nearly full, send an XON.  Otherwise, the network should neither
generate nor eat XON or	XOFF control characters.

On Telenet, this can be	met by setting CCIT X3 5:1 and 12:0 at bbbbooootttthhhh
ends of	the network.  For best throughput, parameter 64	(advance
ACK) should be set to something	like 4.	 Packets should	be forwarded
when the packet	is a full 128 bytes, or	after a	moderate delay
(3:0,4:10,6:0).

With PC-Pursuit, it is sufficient to set parameter 5 to	1 at both
ends after one is connected to the remote modem.

	<ENTER>@<ENTER>
	set 5:1<ENTER>
	rst? 5:1<ENTER>
	cont<ENTER>

Unfortunately, many PADs do not	accept the "rst?" command.

For YMODEM, PAD	buffering should guarantee that	a minimum of 1040
characters can be sent in a burst without loss of data or generation
of flow	control	characters.  Failure to	provide	this buffering will
generate excessive retries with	YMODEM.

	     TTTTAAAABBBBLLLLEEEE 1111....  Network and Flow	Control	Compatibility

______________________________________________________________________________
|   Connectivity    |  Interactive|  XMODEM|  WXMODEM|	SUPERKERMIT|  ZMODEM |
_|________________________________________|____________________________|__________________|____________________|____________________________|____________________|_
_|____________________|______________|_________|__________|______________|__________|
|Direct	Connect	    |  YES	  |  YES   |  YES    |	YES	   |  YES    |
_|____________________|______________|_________|__________|______________|__________|
|Network, no FC	    |  nnnnoooo	  |  YES   |  (4)    |	(6)	   |  YES (1)|
_|____________________|______________|_________|__________|______________|__________|
|Net, transparent FC|  YES	  |  YES   |  YES    |	YES	   |  YES    |
_|____________________|______________|_________|__________|______________|__________|
|Net, non-trans. FC |  YES	  |  nnnnoooo	   |  no (5) |	YES	   |  YES    |
_|____________________|______________|_________|__________|______________|__________|
|Network, 7 bit	    |  YES	  |  nnnnoooo	   |  no     |	YES (2)	   |  YES (3)|
_|____________________|______________|_________|__________|______________|__________|

(1) ZMODEM can optimize	window size or burst length for	fastest
transfers.
(2) Parity bits	must be	encoded, slowing binary	transfers.
(3) Natural protocol extension possible	for encoding data to 7 bits.
(4) Small WXMODEM window size may may allow operation.
(5) Some flow control codes are	not escaped in WXMODEM.
(6) Kermit window size must be reduced to avoid	buffer overrun.




Chapter	15	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			35







Chapter	15		     ZMODEM Protocol				36



16.  PPPPEEEERRRRFFFFOOOORRRRMMMMAAAANNNNCCCCEEEE CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPAAAARRRRIIIISSSSOOOONNNN TTTTAAAABBBBLLLLEEEESSSS


"Round Trip Delay Time"	includes the time for the last byte in a
packet to propagate through the	operating systems and network to the
receiver, plus the time	for the	receiver's response to that packet
to propagate back to the sender.

The figures shown below	are calculated for round trip delay times of
40 milliseconds	and 5 seconds.	Shift registers	in the two computers
and a pair of 212 modems generate a round trip delay time on the
order of 40 milliseconds.  Operation with busy timesharing computers
and networks can easily	generate round trip delays of five seconds.
Because	the round trip delays cause visible interruptions of data
transfer when using XMODEM protocol, the subjective effect of these
delays is greatly exaggerated, especially when the user	is paying
for connect time.

A 102400 byte binary file with randomly	distributed codes is sent at
1200 bps 8 data	bits, 1	stop bit.  The calculations assume no
transmission errors.  For each of the protocols, only the per file
functions are considered.  Processor and I/O overhead are not
included.  YM-k	refers to YMODEM with 1024 byte	data packets.  YM-g
refers to the YMODEM "g" option.  ZMODEM uses 256 byte data
subpackets for this example.  SuperKermit uses maximum standard
packet size, 8 bit transparent transmission, no	run length
compression.  The 4 block WXMODEM window is too	small to span the 5
second delay in	this example; the resulting thoughput degradation is
ignored.

For comparison,	a straight "dump" of the file contents with no file
management or error checking takes 853 seconds.

		 TTTTAAAABBBBLLLLEEEE 2222....  Protocol Overhead Information
	   (102400 byte	binary file, 5 Second Round Trip)

____________________________________________________________________________
       Protocol		 XMODEM	  YM-k	  YM-g	 ZMODEM	  SKermit   WXMODEM
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
 Protocol Round	Trips	 804	  104	  5	 5	  5	    4
____________________________________________________________________________
 Trip Time at 40ms	 32s	  4s	  0	 0	  0	    0
____________________________________________________________________________
 Trip Time at 5s	 4020s	  520s	  25s	 25s	  25	    20
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
 Overhead Characters	 4803	  603	  503	 3600	  38280	    8000
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
 Line Turnarounds	 1602	  204	  5	 5	  2560	    1602



Chapter	16	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			36







Chapter	16		     ZMODEM Protocol				37



_|____________________________________________|__________________|________________|______________|__________________|____________________|____________________|_
_|______________________|_________|________|_______|_________|__________|__________|
|Transfer Time at 0s  |	 893s  |  858s |  857s|	 883s  |  1172s	 |  916s   |
_|______________________|_________|________|_______|_________|__________|__________|
|Transfer Time at 40ms|	 925s  |  862s |  857s|	 883s  |  1172s	 |  916s   |
_|______________________|_________|________|_______|_________|__________|__________|
|Transfer Time at 5s  |	 5766s |  1378s|  882s|	 918s  |  1197s	 |  936s   |
_|______________________|_________|________|_______|_________|__________|__________|


		 FFFFiiiigggguuuurrrreeee	5555....  Transmission Time Comparison
	   (102400 byte	binary file, 5 Second Round Trip)

************************************************** XMODEM
************ YMODEM-K
********** SuperKermit (Sliding	Windows)
*******	ZMODEM 16kb Segmented Streaming
*******	ZMODEM Full Streaming
*******	YMODEM-G

	TTTTAAAABBBBLLLLEEEE 3333....  Local	Timesharing Computer Download Performance

__________________________________________________________________________
|    Command	|  Protocol|  Time/HD|	Time/FD|  Throughput|  Efficiency|
_|________________________________|______________________|____________________|____________________|__________________________|__________________________|_
_|________________|___________|__________|__________|_____________|_____________|
|kermit	-x	|  Kermit  |  1:49   |	2:03   |  327	    |  34%	 |
_|________________|___________|__________|__________|_____________|_____________|
|sz -Xa	phones.t|  XMODEM  |  1:20   |	1:44   |  343	    |  36%	 |
_|________________|___________|__________|__________|_____________|_____________|
|sz -a phones.t	|  ZMODEM  |   :39   |	 :48   |  915	    |  95%	 |
_|________________|___________|__________|__________|_____________|_____________|


Times were measured downloading	a 35721	character text file at 9600
bps, from Santa	Cruz SysV 2.1.2	Xenix on a 9 mHz IBM PC-AT to DOS
2.1 on an IBM PC.  Xenix was in	multiuser mode but otherwise idle.
Transfer times to PC hard disk and floppy disk destinations are
shown.

C-Kermit 4.2(030) used server mode and file compression, sending to
Pro-YAM	15.52 using 0 delay and	a "get phones.t" command.

Crosstalk XVI 3.6 used XMODEM 8	bit checksum (CRC not available) and
an "ESC	rx phones.t" command.  The Crosstalk time does nnnnooootttt include
the time needed	to enter the extra commands not	needed by Kermit and
ZMODEM.

Professional-YAM used ZMODEM AutoDownload.  ZMODEM times included a
security challenge to the sending program.




Chapter	16	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			37







Chapter	16		     ZMODEM Protocol				38



		      TTTTAAAABBBBLLLLEEEE 4444....	File Transfer Speeds

__________________________________________________________________________________
| Prot	       file	   bytes    bps	    ch/sec		 Notes		 |
_|__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________|_
|X	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   53	       Tymnet PTL 5/3/87	 |
|X	  source.xxx	   6143	    2400   56	       Source/Telenet PTL 5/29/87|
|X	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   64	       Tymnet PTL		 |
|B	  jancol.c	   18237    1200   87	       DataPac (604-687-7144)	 |
|XN	  tsrmaker.arc	   25088    1200   94	       GEnie PTL		 |
|B/ovth	  emaibm.arc	   51200    1200   101	       CIS PTL MNP		 |
|UUCP	  74 files, each   >7000    1200   102	       Average,	Various	callers	 |
|ZM	  jancol.c	   18237    1200   112	       DataPac (604-687-7144)	 |
|X/ovth	  emaibm.arc	   51200    1200   114	       CIS PTL MNP		 |
|ZM	  emaibm.arc	   51200    1200   114	       CIS PTL MNP		 |
|B	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   124	       Tymnet PTL		 |
|B	  YI0515.87	   9081	    2400   157	       CIS PTL node 5/29/87	 |
|SK	  source.xxx	   6143	    2400   170	       Source/Telenet PTL 5/29/87|
|ZM	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   221	       Tymnet PTL upl/dl	 |
|B/ovth	  destro.gif	   33613    2400   223	       CIS/PTL LEVEL 5 9-12-87	 |
|ZM	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   224	       Tymnet PTL		 |
|ZM	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   226/218     TeleGodzilla upl		 |
|ZM	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   226	       Tymnet PTL 5/3/87	 |
|ZM	  zmodem.ov	   35855    2400   227	       CIS PTL node		 |
|C	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   229	       Tymnet PTL 5/3/87	 |
|ZM	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   229/221     TeleGodzilla		 |
|ZM	  zmodem.ov	   35855    2400   229	       CIS PTL node upl		 |
|ZM	  jancol.c	   18237    2400   232	       CIS PTL node		 |
|ZM	  mbox		   473104   9600   948/942     TeleGodzilla upl		 |
|ZM	  zmodem.arc	   318826   14k	   1357/1345   TeleGodzilla		 |
|ZM	  mbox		   473104   14k	   1367/1356   TeleGodzilla upl		 |
|ZM	  c2.doc	   218823   38k	   3473	       Xenix 386 Toolkit upl	 |
|ZM	  mbox		   511893   38k	   3860	       386 Xenix 2.2 Beta #	 |
|ZM	  c.doc		   218823   57k	   5611	       **			 |
_|_________________________________________________________________________________|

Times are for downloads	unless noted.  Where two speeds	are noted,
the faster speed is reported by	the receiver because its transfer
time calculation excludes the security check and transaction log
file processing.  The TeleGodzilla computer is a 4.77 mHz IBM PC
with a 10 MB hard disk.	 The 386 computer uses an Intel	motherboard
at 18 mHz 1ws.	The AT Clone (QIC) runs	at 8 mHz 0ws.
Abbreviations:
 B     Compuserve B Protocol
 B/ovth			CIS B with Omen	Technology OverThruster(TM)
 C     Capture DC2/DC4 (no protocol)
 K     Kermit
 MNP   Microcom	MNP error correcting SX/1200 modem
 PTL   Portland	Oregon network node
 SK    Sliding Window Kermit (SuperKermit) w=15
 X     XMODEM



Chapter	16	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			38







Chapter	16		     ZMODEM Protocol				39



 XN    XMODEM protocol implemented in network modes
 X/ovth			XMODEM,	Omen Technology	OverThruster(TM)
 ZM    ZMODEM
 Tk    Xenix 386 Toolkit, rz compiled -M3, dumb	serial port
 **    AT Clone	ramdisk	to 386 ramdisk,	or either ramdisk to nul
 #     On the fly format translation NL	to CR/LF
		       TTTTAAAABBBBLLLLEEEE 5555....	 Protocol Checklist

_________________________________________________________________________
|Item		       XMODEM  WXMODEM	YMDM-k	 YMDM-g	 ZMODEM	 SKermit|
_|________________________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|________________|________________|__________________|_
|IIIINNNN SSSSEEEERRRRVVVVIIIICCCCEEEE	    |  1977  | 1986   |	1982   | 1985  | 1986  | 1985	|
_|____________________|_________|_________|_________|________|________|_________|
|UUUUSSSSEEEERRRR FFFFEEEEAAAATTTTUUUURRRREEEESSSS	    |	     |	      |	       |       |       |	|
|User Friendly I/F  |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | YES   | -	|
|Commands/batch	    |  2*N   | 2*N    |	2      | 2     | 1     | 1(1)	|
|Commands/file	    |  2     | 2      |	0      | 0     | 0     | 0	|
|Command Download   |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | YES   | YES(6)	|
|Menu Compatible    |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | YES   | -	|
|Transfer Recovery  |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | YES   | -	|
|File Management    |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | YES   | -	|
|Security Check	    |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | YES   | -	|
|YMODEM	Fallback    |  YES   | YES    |	YES    | YES   | YES   | -	|
_|____________________|_________|_________|_________|________|________|_________|
|CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPAAAATTTTIIIIBBBBIIIILLLLIIIITTTTYYYY	    |	     |	      |	       |       |       |	|
|Dynamic Files	    |  YES   | YES    |	FFFFAAAAIIIILLLL   | FFFFAAAAIIIILLLL  | YES   | YES	|
|Packet	SW NETS	    |  -     | YES    |	-      | -     | YES   | YES	|
|7 bit PS NETS	    |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | (8)   | YES	|
|Old Mainframes	    |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | (8)   | YES	|
|CP/M-80	    |  YES   | YES    |	YES    | -     | YES(9)| -	|
_|____________________|_________|_________|_________|________|________|_________|
|AAAATTTTTTTTRRRRIIIIBBBBUUUUTTTTEEEESSSS	    |	     |	      |	       |       |       |	|
|Reliability(5)	    |  fair  | poor   |	fair(5)| none  | BEST  | HIGH	|
|Streaming	    |  -     | YES    |	-      | YES   | YES   | YES	|
|Overhead(2)	    |  7%    | 7%     |	1%     | 1%    | 1%    | 30%	|
|Faithful Xfers	    |  -     | -      |	YES    | YES   | YES   | YES	|
|Preserve Date	    |  -     | -      |	YES    | YES   | YES   | -	|
_|____________________|_________|_________|_________|________|________|_________|
|CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEEXXXXIIIITTTTYYYY	    |	     |	      |	       |       |       |	|
|No-Wait Sample	    |  -     | REQD   |	-      | -     | opt   | REQD	|
|Ring Buffers	    |  -     | REQD   |	-      | -     | opt   | REQD	|
|XMODEM	Similar	    |  YES   | LOW    |	HIGH   | HIGH  | LOW   | NONE	|
|Complexity	    |  LOW(5)| MED    |	LOW(5) | LOW   | MED   | HIGH	|
_|____________________|_________|_________|_________|________|________|_________|
|EEEEXXXXTTTTEEEENNNNSSSSIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS	    |	     |	      |	       |       |       |	|
|Server	Operation   |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | YES(4)| YES	|
|Multiple Threads   |  -     | -      |	-      | -     | future| -	|
_|________________________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|________________|________________|__________________|_

NOTES:
(1) Server mode	or Omen	Technology Kermit AutoDownload



Chapter	16	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			39







Chapter	16		     ZMODEM Protocol				40



(2) Character count, binary file, transparent channel
(3) 32 bit math	needed for accurate transfer (no garbage added)
(4) AutoDownload operation
(5) CCCCyyyybbbbeeeerrrrnnnneeeettttiiiicccc DDDDaaaattttaaaa RRRReeeeccccoooovvvveeeerrrryyyy((((TTTTMMMM)))) improves XMODEM and YMODEM
reliability with complex proprietary logic.
(6) Server commands only
(7) No provision for transfers across time zones
(8) Future enhancement provided	for
(9) With Segmented Streaming
WXMODEM: XMODEM	derivative protocol with data encoding and windowing












































Chapter	16	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			40







Chapter	16		     ZMODEM Protocol				41



17.  FFFFUUUUTTTTUUUURRRREEEE EEEEXXXXTTTTEEEENNNNSSSSIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS

Future extensions include:

   o+ Compatibility with	7 bit networks

   o+ Server/Link Level operation: An END-TO-END	error corrected
     program to	program	session	is required for	financial and other
     sensitive applications.

   o+ Multiple independent threads

   o+ Encryption

   o+ Compression

   o+ File Comparison

   o+ Selective transfer	within a file (e.g., modified segments of a
     database file)

   o+ Selective Retransmission for error	correction


18.  RRRREEEEVVVVIIIISSSSIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS

10-27-87 Optional fields added for number of files remaining to	be
sent and total number of bytes remaining to be sent.
07-31-1987 The receiver	should ignore a	ZEOF with an offset that
does not match the current file	length.	 The previous action of
responding with	ZRPOS caused transfers to fail if a CRC	error
occurred immediately before end	of file, because two retransmission
requests were being sent for each error.  This has been	observed
under exceptional conditions, such as data transmission	at speeds
greater	than the receiving computer's interrupt	response capabilitiy
or gross misapplication	of flow	control.

Discussion of the Tx backchannel garbage count and ZCRCW after error
ZRPOS was added.  Many revisions for clarity.
07-09-87 Corrected XMODEM's development	date, incorrectly stated as
1979 instead of	the actual August 1977.	 More performance data was
added.
05-30-87 Added ZMNEW and ZMSKNOLOC
05-14-87 Window	management, ZACK zshhdr	XON removed, control
character escaping, ZMSPARS changed to ZXPARS, editorial changes.
04-13-87  The ZMODEM file transfer protocol's public domain status
is emphasized.
04-04-87: minor	editorial changes, added conditionals for overview
version.
03-15-87: 32 bit CRC added.
12-19-86: 0 Length ZCRCW data subpacket	sent in	response to ZPAD or



Chapter	18	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			41







Chapter	18		     ZMODEM Protocol				42



ZDELE detected on reverse channel has been changed to ZCRCE.  The
reverse	channel	is now checked for activity before sending each
ZDATA header.
11-08-86: Minor	changes	for clarity.
10-2-86:  ZCNL definition expanded.
9-11-86:  ZMPROT file management option	added.
8-20-86:  More performance data	included.
8-4-86:	 ASCII DLE (Ctrl-P, 020) now escaped; compatible with
previous versions.  More document revisions for	clarity.
7-15-86: This document was extensively edited to improve clarity and
correct	small errors.  The definition of the ZMNEW management option
was modified, and the ZMDIFF management	option was added.  The
cancel sequence	was changed from two to	five CAN characters after
spurious two character cancel sequences	were detected.


19.  MMMMOOOORRRREEEE IIIINNNNFFFFOOOORRRRMMMMAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN

Please contact Omen Technology for troff source	files and typeset
copies of this document.


19.1  TTTTeeeelllleeeeGGGGooooddddzzzziiiillllllllaaaa BBBBuuuulllllllleeeettttiiiinnnn BBBBooooaaaarrrrdddd

More information may be	obtained by calling the	TeleGodzilla
bulletin board at 503-621-3746.	 TeleGodzilla supports 19200
(Telebit PEP), 2400 and	1200 bps callers with automatic	speed
recognition.

Relevant files include YZMODEM.ZOO, YAMDEMO.ZOO, YAMHELP.ZOO,
ZCOMMEXE.ARC, ZCOMMDOC.ARC, ZCOMMHLP.ARC, and YMODEM.DQC.

Useful commands	for TeleGodzilla include "menu", "dir",	"sx file
(XMODEM)", "kermit sb file ...", and "sz file ...".

19.2  UUUUnnnniiiixxxx UUUUUUUUCCCCPPPP	AAAAcccccccceeeessssssss

UUCP sites can obtain the current version of this file with
	      uucp omen!/u/caf/public/zmodem.doc /tmp
A continually updated list of available	files is stored	in
/usr/spool/uucppublic/FILES.
	   uucp	 omen!~uucp/FILES   /usr/spool/uucppublic

The following L.sys line allows	UUCP to	call site "omen" via Omen's
bulletin board system "TeleGodzilla".  TeleGodzilla is an instance
of Omen	Technology's Professional-YAM in host operation, acting	as a
bulletin board and front ending	a Xenix	system.

In response to TeleGodzilla's "Name Please:" (e:--e:), uucico gives
the Pro-YAM "link" command as a	user name.  Telegodzilla then asks
for a link password (d:).  The password	(Giznoid) controls access to



Chapter	19	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			42







Chapter	19		     ZMODEM Protocol				43



the Xenix system connected to the IBM PC's other serial	port.
Communications between Pro-YAM and Xenix use 9600 bps; YAM converts
this to	the caller's speed.

Finally, the calling uucico sees the Xenix "Login:" message (n:--
n:), and logs in as "uucp".  No	password is used for the uucp
account.

omen Any ACU 2400 1-503-621-3746 e:--e:	link d:	Giznoid	n:--n: uucp



20.  ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM PPPPRRRROOOOGGGGRRRRAAAAMMMMSSSS

A copy of this document, a demonstration version of
Professional-YAM, a flash-up tree structured help file and
processor, are available in _Y_Z_M_O_D_E_M._Z_O_O	on TeleGodzilla	and other
bulletin boards.  This file must be unpacked with _L_O_O_Z._E_X_E, also
available on TeleGodzilla.  _Y_Z_M_O_D_E_M._Z_O_O	may be distributed provided
none of	the files are deleted or modified without the written
consent	of Omen	Technology.

TeleGodzilla and other bulletin	boards also feature ZZZZCCCCOOOOMMMMMMMM, a
shareware communications program.  ZCOMM includes Omen Technology's
TurboLearn(TM) Script Writer, ZMODEM, Omen's highly acclaimed XMODEM
and YMODEM protocol support, Sliding Windows Kermit, several
traditional protocols, a powerful script language, and the most
accurate VT100/102 emulation available in a usr	supported program.
The ZCOMM files	include:

  o+ ZZZZCCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMEEEEXXXXEEEE....AAAARRRRCCCC Executable files and beginner's telephone directory

  o+ ZZZZCCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMDDDDOOOOCCCC....AAAARRRRCCCC "Universal Line Printer Edition" Manual

  o+ ZZZZCCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMHHHHLLLLPPPP....AAAARRRRCCCC Tree structured Flash-UP help processor and
    database

Source code and	manual pages for the Unix/Xenix	_r_z and _s_z programs
are available on TeleGodzilla in _R_Z_S_Z._Z_O_O.  This ZOO archive may be
unpacked with _L_O_O_Z._E_X_E,	also available on TeleGodzilla.	 Most Unix
like systems are supported, including V7, Sys III, 4.x BSD, SYS	V,
Idris, Coherent, and Regulus.

_R_Z_S_Z._Z_O_O includes a ZCOMM/Pro-YAM/PowerCom script _Z_U_P_L._T to upload
the small (178 lines) YMODEM bootstrap program _M_I_N_I_R_B._C	without	a
file transfer protocol.	 _M_I_N_I_R_B	uses the Unix stty(1) program to set
the required raw tty modes, and	compiles without special flags on
virtually all Unix and Xenix systems.  _Z_U_P_L._T directs the Unix
system to compile _M_I_N_I_R_B, then uses it as a bootstrap to upload	the
rz/sz source and manual	files.




Chapter	20	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			43







Chapter	20		     ZMODEM Protocol				44



The PC-DOS OOOOppppuuuussss	and NNNNoooocccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee bulletin boards support ZMODEM.
Integrated ZMODEM support for the CCCCoooolllllllliiiieeee bulletin board	program	is
planned.

A number of other bulletin board programs support ZMODEM with
external modules (DSZ, etc.).

The PC-DOS Teleconferencing system IIIINNNN----SSSSYYYYNNNNCCCCHHHH uses ZMODEM.

The LAN	modem sharing program LLLLiiiinnnneeee PPPPlllluuuussss	has announced ZMODEM
support.

Other PC-DOS communications programs with ZMODEM support modules
include	QMODEM and BOYAN.  Many	programs are adding direct ZMODEM
support, including Crosstalk Mark IV, Telix 3.0, and (expected)
Procomm	and Qmodem.

The ZZZZMMMMDDDDMMMM communications	program	by Jwahar Bammi	runs on	Atari ST
machines.

The OOOOnnnnlllliiiinnnneeee!!!!  program for the Amiga supports ZMODEM.

The Compuserve Information Service has ported the Unix rz/sz ZMODEM
programs to DECSYSTEM 20 assembler.

20.1  AAAAddddddddiiiinnnngggg ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM ttttoooo DDDDOOOOSSSS PPPPrrrrooooggggrrrraaaammmmssss

_D_S_Z is a small program that supports XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM	file
transfers.  _D_S_Z	is designed to be called from a	bulletin board
program	or another communications program.  It may be called as
		     dsz port 2	sz file1 file2
to send	files, or as
			   dsz port 2 rz
to receive zero	or more	file(s), or as
		     dsz port 2	rz filea fileb
to receive two files, the first	to _f_i_l_e_a and the second	(if sent) to
_f_i_l_e_b.	This form of _d_s_z may be	used to	control	the pathname of
incoming file(s).  In this example, if the sending program attempted
to send	a third	file, the transfer would be terminated.

_D_s_z uses DOS stdout for	messages (no direct CRT	access), acquires
the COMM port vectors with standard DOS	calls, and restores the	COMM
port's interrupt vector	and registers upon exit.

Further	information on _d_s_z may be found	in _d_s_z._d_o_c and the ZCOMM or
Pro-YAM	user manuals.








Chapter	21	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			44







Chapter	21		     ZMODEM Protocol				45



21.  YYYYMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM PPPPRRRROOOOGGGGRRRRAAAAMMMMSSSS

The Unix _r_z/_s_z programs	support	YMODEM as well as ZMODEM.  Most	Unix
like systems are supported, including V7, Sys III, 4.2 BSD, SYS	V,
Idris, Coherent, and Regulus.

A version for VAX-VMS is available in VRBSB.SHQ, in the	same
directory.

Irv Hoff has added 1k packets and YMODEM transfers to the KMD and
IMP series programs, which replace the XMODEM and MODEM7/MDM7xx
series respectively.  Overlays are available for a wide	variety	of
CP/M systems.

Many other programs, including MEX-PLUS	and Crosstalk Mark IV also
support	some of	YMODEM's features.

Questions about	YMODEM,	the Professional-YAM communications program,
and requests for evaluation copies may be directed to:

     Chuck Forsberg
     Omen Technology Inc
     17505-V Sauvie Island Road
     Portland Oregon 97231
     VOICE: 503-621-3406 :VOICE
     Modem (TeleGodzilla): 503-621-3746
     Usenet: ...!tektronix!reed!omen!caf
     Compuserve: 70007,2304
     Source: TCE022


22.  AAAACCCCKKKKNNNNOOOOWWWWLLLLEEEEDDDDGGGGMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS

ZMODEM was developed _f_o_r _t_h_e _p_u_b_l_i_c _d_o_m_a_i_n under a Telenet contract.
The ZMODEM protocol descriptions and the Unix rz/sz program source
code are public	domain.	 No licensing, trademark, or copyright
restrictions apply to the use of the protocol, the Unix	rz/sz source
code and the _Z_M_O_D_E_M name.

Encouragement and suggestions by Thomas	Buck, Ward Christensen,	Earl
Hall, Irv Hoff,	Stuart Mathison, and John Wales, are gratefully
acknowledged.  32 bit CRC code courtesy	Gary S.	Brown.


23.  RRRREEEELLLLAAAATTTTEEEEDDDD FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS

The following files may	be useful while	studying this document:

YYYYMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM....DDDDOOOOCCCC Describes the XMODEM, XMODEM-1k, and	YMODEM batch file
	transfer protocols.  This file is available on TeleGodzilla
	as YMODEM.DQC.



Chapter	23	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			45







Chapter	23		     ZMODEM Protocol				46



zzzzmmmmooooddddeeeemmmm....hhhh Definitions for ZMODEM	manifest constants

rrrrzzzz....cccc,,,, sssszzzz....cccc,,,, rrrrbbbbssssbbbb....cccc Unix	source code for	operating ZMODEM programs.

rrrrzzzz....1111,,,, sssszzzz....1111 Manual pages	for rz and sz (Troff sources).

zzzzmmmm....cccc	Operating system independent low level ZMODEM subroutines.

mmmmiiiinnnniiiirrrrbbbb....cccc A YMODEM bootstrap program, 178 lines.

RRRRZZZZSSSSZZZZ....ZZZZOOOOOOOO,,,,rrrrzzzzsssszzzz....aaaarrrrcccc Contain the C	source code and	manual pages listed
	above, plus a ZCOMM script to upload minirb.c to a Unix	or
	Xenix system, compile it, and use the program to upload	the
	ZMODEM source files with error checking.

DDDDSSSSZZZZ....ZZZZOOOOOOOO,,,,ddddsssszzzz....aaaarrrrcccc	Contains DSZ.COM, a shareware X/Y/ZMODEM subprogram,
	DESQview "pif" files for background operation in minimum
	memory,	and DSZ.DOC.

ZZZZCCCCOOOOMMMMMMMM****....AAAARRRRCCCC Archive files for ZCOMM, a powerful shareware
	communications program.

































Chapter	23	      Rev 10-27-87  Typeset 10-27-87			46











			      CONTENTS


 1.  INTENDED AUDIENCE................................................	 2

 2.  WHY DEVELOP ZMODEM?..............................................	 2

 3.  ZMODEM Protocol Design Criteria..................................	 4
     3.1    Ease of Use...............................................	 4
     3.2    Throughput................................................	 5
     3.3    Integrity and Robustness..................................	 6
     3.4    Ease of Implementation....................................	 6

 4.  EVOLUTION OF ZMODEM..............................................	 7

 5.  ROSETTA STONE....................................................	10

 6.  ZMODEM REQUIREMENTS..............................................	10
     6.1    File Contents.............................................	10

 7.  ZMODEM BASICS....................................................	12
     7.1    Packetization.............................................	12
     7.2    Link Escape	Encoding......................................	12
     7.3    Header....................................................	13
     7.4    Binary Data	Subpackets....................................	16
     7.5    ASCII Encoded Data Subpacket..............................	16

 8.  PROTOCOL TRANSACTION OVERVIEW....................................	16
     8.1    Session Startup...........................................	16
     8.2    File Transmission.........................................	18
     8.3    Session Cleanup...........................................	20
     8.4    Session Abort Sequence....................................	20

 9.  STREAMING TECHNIQUES / ERROR RECOVERY............................	21
     9.1    Full Streaming with	Sampling..............................	21
     9.2    Full Streaming with	Reverse	Interrupt.....................	23
     9.3    Full Streaming with	Sliding	Window........................	23
     9.4    Full Streaming over	Error Free Channels...................	24
     9.5    Segmented Streaming.......................................	24

10.  ATTENTION SEQUENCE...............................................	24

11.  FRAME TYPES......................................................	25
     11.1   ZRQINIT...................................................	25
     11.2   ZRINIT....................................................	25
     11.3   ZSINIT....................................................	25
     11.4   ZACK......................................................	26
     11.5   ZFILE.....................................................	26
     11.6   ZSKIP.....................................................	28
     11.7   ZNAK......................................................	28
     11.8   ZABORT....................................................	28



				  - i -











     11.9   ZFIN......................................................	28
     11.10  ZRPOS.....................................................	28
     11.11  ZDATA.....................................................	29
     11.12  ZEOF......................................................	29
     11.13  ZFERR.....................................................	29
     11.14  ZCRC......................................................	29
     11.15  ZCHALLENGE................................................	29
     11.16  ZCOMPL....................................................	29
     11.17  ZCAN......................................................	29
     11.18  ZFREECNT..................................................	29
     11.19  ZCOMMAND..................................................	29

12.  SESSION TRANSACTION EXAMPLES.....................................	30
     12.1   A simple file transfer....................................	30
     12.2   Challenge and Command Download............................	31

13.  ZFILE FRAME FILE INFORMATION.....................................	31

14.  PERFORMANCE RESULTS..............................................	33
     14.1   Compatibility.............................................	33
     14.2   Throughput................................................	33
     14.3   Error Recovery............................................	34

15.  PACKET SWITCHED NETWORK CONSIDERATIONS...........................	34

16.  PERFORMANCE COMPARISON TABLES....................................	36

17.  FUTURE EXTENSIONS................................................	41

18.  REVISIONS........................................................	41

19.  MORE INFORMATION.................................................	42
     19.1   TeleGodzilla Bulletin Board...............................	42
     19.2   Unix UUCP Access..........................................	42

20.  ZMODEM PROGRAMS..................................................	43
     20.1   Adding ZMODEM to DOS Programs.............................	44

21.  YMODEM PROGRAMS..................................................	45

22.  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................	45

23.  RELATED FILES....................................................	45


LIST OF	FIGURES


Figure 1.  Order of Bytes in Header...................................	14

Figure 2.  16 Bit CRC Binary Header...................................	14



				  - ii -











Figure 3.  32 Bit CRC Binary Header...................................	14

Figure 4.  HEX Header.................................................	15

Figure 5.  Transmission	Time Comparison...............................	37


LIST OF	TABLES


TABLE 1.  Network and Flow Control Compatibility......................	35

TABLE 2.  Protocol Overhead Information...............................	36

TABLE 3.  Local	Timesharing Computer Download Performance.............	37

TABLE 4.  File Transfer	Speeds........................................	38

TABLE 5.  Protocol Checklist..........................................	39



































				 - iii -









	   The ZMODEM Inter Application	File Transfer Protocol

			      Chuck Forsberg

			   Omen	Technology Inc


				 _A_B_S_T_R_A_C_T



The ZMODEM file	transfer protocol provides reliable file and command
transfers with complete	EEEENNNNDDDD----TTTTOOOO----EEEENNNNDDDD data	integrity between application
programs.  ZMODEM's 32 bit CRC catches errors that continue to sneak into
even the most advanced networks.

ZMODEM rapidly transfers files,	particularly with buffered (error
correcting) modems, timesharing	systems, satellite relays, and wide area
packet switched	networks.

ZMODEM greatly simplifies file transfers compared to XMODEM.  In addition
to a friendly user interface, ZMODEM provides Personal Computer	and other
users an efficient, accurate, and robust file transfer method.

ZMODEM provides	advanced file management features including AutoDownload
(Automatic file	Download initiated without user	intervention), Crash
Recovery, selective file transfers, and	security verified command
downloading.

ZMODEM protocol	features allow implementation on a wide	variety	of systems
operating in a wide variety of environments.  A	choice of buffering and
windowing modes	allows ZMODEM to operate on systems that cannot	support
other streaming	protocols.  Finely tuned control character escaping allows
operation with real world networks without Kermit's high overhead.

Although ZMODEM	software is more complex than unreliable XMODEM	routines,
actual C source	code to	pppprrrroooodddduuuuccccttttiiiioooonnnn programs allows developers to upgrade
their applications with	efficient, reliable ZMODEM file	transfers with a
minimum	of effort.

ZMODEM is carefully designed to	provide	these benefits using a minimum of
new software technology.  ZMODEM can be	implemented on all but the most
brain damaged computers.

ZMODEM was developed _f_o_r _t_h_e _p_u_b_l_i_c _d_o_m_a_i_n under a Telenet contract.  The
ZMODEM protocol	descriptions and the Unix rz/sz	program	source code are
public domain.	No licensing, trademark, or copyright restrictions apply
to the use of the protocol, the	Unix rz/sz source code and the _Z_M_O_D_E_M
name.