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Use These Household Items to Keep Your Laptop Cool
Laptops can often get hot if you are working on them for long periods of time. Some have built-in cooling fans, but others just don’t. Working at a laptop that feels like it's slowly burning your arm hairs off can be very uncomfortable not to mention slightly dangerous. To fix the problem you could clean your laptop's internal fans, avoid intense processes or you could make your laptop a DIY cooling stand.
YouTuber Wonders has done just that using some really simple materials and a little bit of sticky tape. You’ll need an old CPU fan or similar, a USB cable and some kind of plastic sieve. The CPU fan will have four wires once you strip it and the USB cable, just two. Watch carefully to see what you need to match up to get the fan working. Once you have that, you just need to attach it to the underside of your sieve or other perforated material. It looks like Wonders used a sort of basic kitchen colander. They attach the fan to the internal side, site their laptop on top, plug in the USB cable and the laptop is officially getting cool.
The external fan should, in theory, cool the laptop down making it more efficient and more comfortable to work at. Once you have the basic process down, you could take this hack a long way. If you enjoy working from bed or the couch it might be great to combine a lapdesk with this fan to avoid getting hot legs.
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Extrusion is a process used in production of aluminium profiles in which only the imagination limits us. Plasticity of aluminium allows for the creation of many new solutions in terms of structure and design of profiles.
Before the start of production a team of designers will advise on what should be changed or improved in a die to avoid problems in production and so that the customer can get what he expects.
Profile extrusion process
The extrusion process can be best explained by comparing the pressing of confectionary mass onto a cake. Depending on a shape we want to obtain we change from a round tip into a star tip and we have a different mass shape on the cake. But no more comparison. The extrusion process consists in heating an aluminium cylinder to a temperature of 500°C and pressing it through a die. Depending on a profile type the further part of production is carried out at the lower temperature, but with a full control of technological processes. The next stages include profile cooling, pulling and cutting to the ordered size. The last stage involves hardening when the material receives appropriate hardness.
We have four presses, two 7”, 9” and 12”; our production capabilities allow for the production from 6060, 6063, 6063F25, 6005A, 6082 alloys.
Range of extruded profiles with a width of up to 430 mm and a height of up to 250 mm.
We offer a wide range of profiles, from thin-walled profiles to massive structural ones.
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- An excellent tonic for blood deficiency and general weakness
- Strengthens the nerves
- Wffective in liver disorders and anaemia
- Tonic for growing children
- Natural Product
Natural tonic for the nourishment of growing children. Provides energy and strength and prevents discomforting problems like flu and stomach disorders.Qarshi Toneup is made up of valuable herbs and mineral compounds. The modern scientific research has acknowledged the efficacy of these herbs and minerals. In children, Toneup tonic regulates the digestive system and helps them grow stronger. It also protects children from various ailments such as diarrhea, catarrh and cold by building up their resistance to infections
Side Effects: No side effects reported.
Indications: Anaemia, Blood Deficiency, General Weakness, Liver Disorder, Nervous Weakness.
Dosage:Up to age 1 year: 2.5 ml (1/2 teaspoonful) twice a day. From age 1 to 5 years: 5 ml (one teaspoonful) twice a day. Above the age of 5 years: 10 ml (two teaspoonfuls) twice a day or as directed by the physician.
Children: Children should be given one teaspoonful in the morning and in the evening.
Adults: Adults should take two teaspoonfuls mixed with milk or as directed by the physician.
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Outstanding Health Benefits of Olive Oil
The health benefits of olive oil comprise the assistance with treatments for example as:
Esophageal and breast cancer
It has been put to use for quite sometime today. Furthermore, it is an essential element for a handful of culinary preparations and also functions as a variety of medicinal functions.
Olive Oil is famous to assist in reducing of the bad cholesterol level in our blood vessels circulation flow, as it is full of monounsaturated fats. The extra virgin olive oil variety contains the largest degree of antioxidant polyphenols and lactic acid. It is hence a healthy solution compared to other vegetable oils.
Unfortunately, because of the fact olive oil has a fantastic amount of calories, it should be utilized in moderate amounts for the optimal/optimally health effects. The FDA urges two tablespoons each day to decrease the risk of heart disease.
Essential Sources: Olive oil, as we all know, is an essential berry acrylic that people get in the freshwater shrub harvest discovered mainly from the Mediterranean locations. It is applied with reasons, making services and goods and soaps, for medicinal reasons, and as pharmaceutical health dietary, nutritional supplements. Some popular olive oils Incorporate the next:
Virgin Olive Oil
Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Pure Olive Oil
Health Benefits Of Olive Oil
It has various beneficial qualities. Apart from having an exceptional cooking aid, it is also acknowledged to have distinct medicinal qualities. Some of them are as follows:
Reduce Heart Issues: Natural olive oil contains 70% monounsaturated fatty acid. As a result, it reduces cholesterol accumulation from the bloodstream and reduces heart issues. Additionally, it lowers the LDL, although at the same time increasing the HDL grades.
Blood Resistant: LDL cholesterol is maybe perhaps not the fantastic form of cholesterol, which increases the risk of heart attacks and pulmonary heart disease. Extra Virgin Olive Oil, that is abundant with almost forty antioxidant chemicals that assists decrease the oxidation aftereffects of LDL cholesterol.
Weight Loss: Medical specialists imply that it is fairly hard to gain fat out of the mono-unsaturated fats found in olive oil. Furthermore, research between Mediterranean olive oil have revealed favorable benefits with regards to a decrease in human anatomy weight loss.
Metabolism: Olive oil boosts the metabolism, the growth of great bone composition, and brain development in kids. It is an amazing source of vitamin E, and this is very beneficial for older men and women.
Anti-inflammatory: The phenols in olive oil have anti-inflammatory properties.
Digestion: Olive oil is well known to aid in the digestion process. It is used as a medicinal oil to clean the gastrointestinal tract and also to promote bowel evacuations.
Aging Procedure: abundant with antioxidants, olive oil hastens the natural aging process for the human physique. Found in decorative services and products and natural herbal therapy, it will amazing things for the epidermis, which gets a natural sparkle and glow out of the accentuating oil.
Prevention of Gallstones: Olive Oil is also effectual in shielding against gallstones.
Healthy Mobile Walls: Olive Oil contains polyphenol which assists in harder mobile walls. It also increases the elasticity of arterial walls, shielding against various heart conditions.
Cancer: Olive oil is said to defend the human anatomy against cancerous progress, especially intestine cancer.
Medical research accomplished at the esteemed Oxford faculty has demonstrated positive indications that the acidic material of this oil can forbid the commencement of gut and bowel cancer.
Breast cancer: the latest research analysis indicates that hydroxytyrosol, a major element of olive oil may assist in preventing breast cancer in postmenopausal ladies.
Hypertension: the latest research review suggests that Mediterranean diet plan program regime consisting of meals items full of unsaturated fats (found in olive oil and nuts) and nitrite and nitrate (found in leafy vegetables) may help defend you out of osteoporosis.
There are several grades of olive oil, according to the flavor, aroma, acidity value and coloration. Readers are advised to purchase authentic oil using the ideal evaluation for cooking or medicinal functions.
- Neil Naran
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German investigators have succeeded in shutting down a Tonga-based website that was illegally selling thousands of downloadable books and journals – the majority of them in German – at rock-bottom prices.
The site, called Lul.to, was offering around 200,000 pirated e-books, audio books, newspapers and periodicals (160,000 of them in German) for download at just a few cents each. Around 30,000 consumers are believed to have bought the content.
Public prosecutors from Bamburg, in Bavaria, seized 11 terabytes of data; bitcoins worth €55,000; bank accounts holding €100,000; €10,000 in cash; and ‘a high-end motorbike’, in the operation. Three people were arrested, while the investigation continues.
IPA President Michiel Kolman said the closure of lul.to was a big step in the fight against book piracy.
‘Online piracy is the scourge of creators everywhere – its lasting effects are immeasurable,’ he said. ‘Not only does intellectual property theft hit authors and publishers in the short term, but denying them their due revenues hampers their ability to live from their creativity and to create more. Operations like this should sound a warning to other would-be pirates, because whether the goods are digital or physical, theft is theft.’
In a news release, the IPA’s German member, the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (BOEV), said the probe had been launched in February 2015 by Gesellschaft zur Verfolgung von Urheberrechtsverletzungen (GVU), which specializes in pursuing cybercrime.
BOEV Managing Director Alexander Skipis said the operation had been a ‘major success’ against internet piracy. ‘By blocking one of the largest illegal providers of e-books and audiobooks, many publishers and retailers can breathe easy. Piracy is no victimless crime – it’s theft of intellectual property, the basis of the work of authors, publishers and bookshops. Portals like lul.to do massive harm the media market.’
The site was taken down by the Saxony Cybercrime Competence Center (SN4C) on 21 June 2017. How much revenue authors and copyright holders have lost as a result of lul.to will only be understood once all the downloads have been catalogued and valued.
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This past month was a special month for those of us who are birders and contribute regularly to the weekly bird sightings list. This list, which is renewed weekly and generally updated daily, is posted on the web at www.ridgefieldfriends.org/bird-sightings.php and also on the window of the Visitor Check-in Station on the River “S” Unit. It was the first time, at least since I’ve been recording bird sightings each week (about five years now), that we reached 111 sightings in one week. To an average non-birder that might not mean a lot, but to a birder who has birded the refuge and felt good about being able to see 40 to 60 birds, that is quite an accomplishment.
Of course, helping with that milestone was the migration which has been going on for the last month or two. This means that several of the sightings that we have had are birds that are probably passing through, such as the American White Pelican, Dusky Flycatcher, Cassin’s Vireo, Hermit Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, etc. Also, most of our summer regulars have returned over the past month, like the Yellow, Wilson’s, & Orange-crowned Warblers, Western Wood-Pewee, etc. Also some of our winter residents that do not summer over were still around for awhile at the first part of the month. Whatever the reason the week of May 13 was a really good week.
Migration is always a fun time at the refuge, for you never know what you are going to see when you look up in the trees or on the lakes. There are two bird migrations which pass through Ridgefield NWR, one in the spring and the other one in the fall. The spring migration seems to be the more exciting one bringing more remarkable species to our refuge.
This month we had a number of interesting and unusual birds that were seen: Ross’s & Greater White Fronted Goose, Canvasback, Redhead, American White Pelican, Solitary & Spotted Sandpiper, Red-necked Phalarope, Black-bellied Plover, Caspian Tern, Band-tailed Pigeon, Eurasian Collared-dove, Olive-sided, Gray & Hammond’s Flycatcher, Black Phoebe, Warbling Vireo, Nashville, Black-throated Gray, Townsend’s & Hermit Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, Chipping Sparrow, Lazuli Bunting, Evening Grosbeak, Bullock’s Oriole.
If you hurry, you still might be able to catch the last part of this exciting bird migration at the refuge.
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Imagine you are at the poker table. You have a good hand, but you just don’t know how good until “all the cards are on the table.” Do you go all in or do you test the waters? While both approaches can work, most players will go through rounds of testing the waters.
The same principle can be used off of the poker table. One of these approaches is called “Snap Testing.”
What is a Snap Test?
A Snap Test is “quick quantitative test of the psychology of idea/behavior in 4 hours of work or less.”
It builds upon two things:
What is the aspiration that you have?
What is the behavior will be tested that will achieve the aspiration?
Now ask yourself the question:
“Imagine the thing is built… what do you actually want your customers/users to do. Snaptest that.”
Stats from Standford
“By the time you test 20 things, you have a 64% chance of success.
By the time you test 50 things, you have a 92% change of success.”
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Waimakariri Irrigation Limited (WIL) shareholders are benefiting from cutting-edge technology which enables them to make irrigation decisions backed up by hard data, thanks to a partnership with irrigation software provider Regen.
Eight months into the project, more than 90 percent of WIL shareholders located on the south side of the Eyre River have flow meters and soil moisture monitors installed, along with access to weather station data and irrigation scheduling recommendations.
The project, which is the only one of its kind in New Zealand, aims to ensure that all farmers within the WIL scheme will be operating at Good Management Practice (GMP) by 2020 – a benchmark used by farmers and land managers to improve production, performance and sustainable land use. GMP relating to water quality addresses issues such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sediment and faecal contaminants.
Regen chief executive Bridgit Hawkins says feedback from farmers has been positive as they are able to gain an overall snapshot of what is happening on-farm, while making irrigation decisions reinforced by hard data.
“We are able to create daily, weekly and monthly reports which provide farmers with an excellent insight into what is happening on the ground,” says Bridgit.
“This data is used to provide daily recommendations on whether to irrigate, while also providing a broader long-term view of what is happening on-farm and equipping farmers with the tools to reach GMP.”
WIL general manager Brent Walton says technology is the best way for the irrigation scheme to meet their GMP goal and to renew consent.
“We see technology as the key to continuous improvement for irrigation schemes,” says Brent. “The data being gathered by Regen allows us to demonstrate that each irrigation event is justified and provides us with the facts for our shareholders and regulators.
“By providing our farmers with the latest information on a daily basis we can empower them to make the best decisions for their farms and the environment.”
Stage two of the project, due to be completed by October 2018, will focus on WIL shareholders on the north side of the Eyre River. Once stage two is complete, Regen and WIL will hold farmer-led focus groups.
“We’re also planning a series of farm visits which will allow shareholders to engage with each other and share practical tips on using technology to achieve the best results from both an environmental and economic point of view.”
Brent adds that while farmers are being asked to do a lot within a short time-frame, investing in technology is the best way to reach GMP.
“So far, we’ve had positive feedback from our farmers. Ultimately, we will improve the environment through less nutrient loss and farmers will save money on irrigation during the shoulder seasons.
“Having certainty around when to irrigate will allow us to continue to improve irrigation efficiency, while accelerating our progress towards reaching GMP by 2020.”
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Former US Secretary of State Among Four Recipients of Atlantic Council’s Freedom Award
Former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, in accepting the Atlantic Council’s 2018 Freedom Award, urged Americans and Europeans alike not to allow “peddlers of hate,” on both sides of the Atlantic, “to hijack the institutions that ensure our freedom and define our democracies.”
In her June 23 speech in Berlin, Albright castigated “leaders who want us to believe that greatness is defined by spectacle—not character—that honor is irrelevant, and that winning means not having to answer any questions.”
The Atlantic Council also gave its Freedom Award to Syrian refugee and activist Bana Alabed, the International Women’s Media Foundation, and Afghan musical artist Aryana Sayeed.
Albright, eighty-one, was born in Prague, emigrated with her family to the United States in 1948 and rose to prominence as the first female secretary of state in US history, serving former President Clinton in that capacity from 1997 to 2001.
“As a little girl in Czechoslovakia, I saw what happens when good and decent people fail to unite in the face of threats to freedom. And it disturbs me greatly to hear echoes and see shadows of that era in our day. Now, as then, there are politicians who propagate conspiracy theories designed to nurture hate and fear among average citizens, who encourage followers to lash out at people who differ from themselves, and who promise simple solutions to hard problems through the repression and degradation of others,” she warned.
“Now, as then, there are leaders who seek to monopolize authority by rewriting constitutions, co-opting the courts, weakening legislatures, and equating dissent with treason,” added Albright. “We are gathered this evening in a city that was once decimated and divided, but now reborn into a capital at the heart of a new Europe. This history is a reminder that we cannot afford to be complacent. We have to draw a line between legitimate debate and efforts to augment power by chipping away at the foundations of democracy.”
Albright, whose latest book is titled “Fascism: A Warning,” vowed to uphold the transatlantic relationship in the face of growing xenophobia and a brewing trade war between Washington and its European allies.
“We will not abandon all that have gained from decades of shared sacrifice. We will not accept the idea that we should simply go home and sleep, ignoring the gathering threats to peace,” she said. “We will not remain silent as they strive to drain the meaning from words and to convince us that up is down and wrong is right and truth is whatever they claim it to be.”
Albright’s sentiments were echoed by Horst Teltschik, who served as national security advisor to former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl.
“Now is not the time to build walls. We did just that half a century ago, the consequences of which still reverberate today,” said Teltschik. “No, now is the time to tear down our walls and overcome the difficulties, which is why I am delighted to be part of tonight’s celebration.”
Former Swedish Prime Minister Carl Bildt noted the symbolism of Albright, “a girl from and of Europe,” receiving the 2018 Freedom Award in “this city of Berlin, where Nazis were defeated, where communism collapsed, and where Europe started to come together again, and where US leadership over the decades has been so profoundly important.”
Following Albright—the oldest of the evening’s honorees—on the stage was the youngest: nine-year-old Syrian war refugee Bana Alabed, who used Twitter to raise awareness about the Syrian War and the siege of Aleppo.
“I want to thank the Atlantic Council for giving me this award. I’m so happy for standing up in front of you all,” said Bana, whose Twitter account— “Dear World”—is managed by her mother, Fatemah Alabed, and which at last count had 349,000 followers.
“Just sixteen months ago, me and my family were living in Aleppo under siege and bombing I was afraid to die. But my biggest fear [was] that one of my brothers will die,” she said. “I am happy we are all alive today. One day without bombing in Syria would make me the happiest person in the world because I hate war. It destroyed all I had. It killed my friends.”
“I asked my mom to help me share our story on Twitter so the world can know what is happening there,” the girl added. “Children in Syria are tired of war. I must say to all the leaders around the world they are not helping enough to stop the war. Many children are dying.”
During the awards dinner, former National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley announced the imminent launch of a new rules-based international initiative between the Atlantic Council and Canada’s Centre for International Governance.
“Those of us who are committed to an international system that favors freedom and the rule of law must join together and take action to adapt, revitalize and defend that system,” Hadley said. “Our effort already includes representatives from both the developed and the developing worlds, including countries like India, Indonesia and Brazil.”
Hadley added: “The success of such an effort may determine whether the international system descends into chaos and less benevolent actors fill the void, or emerges, revised and revitalized, to build a more stable and prosperous world for everyone.”
The third awardee of the night was the International Women’s Media Foundation (IWMF), which supports female journalists around the world with training and fellowships, and raises awareness of the dangers they face when reporting the news. Katie Harbath, Facebook’s global politics and outreach director, presented the award to IWMF’s executive director, Elisa Lees Muñoz.
As Muñoz explained, “it is not easy being a woman in the news media today. And the more you know about the peril they face to simply do their job, the more one must admire and honor them.” Muñoz challenged the audience to “change the status quo. . . if each of you simply asks whether you’re received balanced information by noticing the gender of your newsfeed and choosing to click on articles written by women, commenting to media outlets when you see a lack of diversity, and standing up for those you see being harassed online and in person, you will be part of the solution.”
Lydia Polgreen, editor-in-chief of HuffPost, presented the final award of the evening to Aryana Sayeed, an Afghan artist who defied a Taliban fatwa and performed for more than 3,000 people in Kabul last August.
Despite being the target of death threats and protests, Sayeed said that she has hope for Afghanistan. “The fact that I, as an Afghan female artist and a human and women’s rights activist, can step in the middle of a football field in Kabul and perform. . . where not so long-ago women were viciously executed. . . is a clear indication that progress is being made.” Sayeed dedicated her award to two recent victims of gender violence in Afghanistan and ended the evening with a brief performance of a Farsi song celebrating the power of women.
Tel-Aviv based journalist Larry Luxner is news editor of The Washington Diplomat. Follow him on Twitter @LLuxner.
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On May 5, 2021, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRS”) proposed guidelines that the regional Federal Reserve Banks (“FRBs”) would use to evaluate requests for accounts and payment services (the “Proposed Guidelines”).1 As discussed in Operating Circular No. 1, an institution has the option to settle its FRB services transactions in its master account with an FRB or in the master account of another institution that has agreed to act as its correspondent. The Proposed Guidelines would apply to requests for either arrangement.2
In recent years, institutions with novel types of banking charters have requested access to FRB services (including FRB accounts) to support the introduction of new financial products and delivery mechanisms for traditional banking services. Historically, FRBs have relied on informal or nonpublic criteria to evaluate such requests and often refrained from making any public comments. The Proposed Guidelines are intended to bring transparency and consistency to this process and ensure that FRBs consider the broader ramifications of their decisions.
The comment period for the Proposed Guidelines will run until July 12, 2021. In this Legal Update, we describe the background to and content of the Proposed Guidelines.
The regional FRBs provide financial services to depository institutions, including banks, credit unions, and savings and loans, much like those that institutions provide for their customers.3 These services include collecting checks, electronically transferring funds, and distributing and receiving cash and coin.4 To settle transactions with an FRB, an institution may open a master account with the FRB or rely on another institution’s master account on a correspondent basis. In all cases, an FRB must approve an institution’s request to have access to services, including with respect to opening/using a master account.
Historically, access to FRB services was limited to institutions that were members of the FRS, were depository institutions under Section 19 of the Federal Reserve Act, or were authorized to hold an account under another authority (e.g., US branches and agencies of foreign banks, Edge and Agreement corporations). In certain circumstances, other institutions could be granted access to FRB services on a case-by-case basis, such as was granted to certain international financial entities that are organized under the laws of Puerto Rico.5 Under the proposed principles, legal eligibility is only one of several factors for the FRB to consider in considering a request for access to an account and services.
As noted by the FRS, the payments landscape is evolving rapidly as technological progress and other factors are leading to both the introduction of new financial products and services and to different ways of providing traditional banking services (i.e., payments, deposit-taking, and lending). Relatedly, there has been a recent uptick in novel charter types being authorized or considered across the country, and, as a result, a wider range of institutions have sought access to, or been denied access to, FRB services.
These novel institutions have included uninsured state-chartered depository institutions and a credit union that focused on serving marijuana-related businesses.6 Also, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) has announced its intent to grant special purpose and payments-centric national bank charters and has granted national trust bank charters to companies engaged in digital asset activities. In granting these charters, the OCC strongly intimated that such institutions should be eligible to become members of the FRS or receive access to FRB services.7 The FRS and FRBs have generally refrained from commenting publicly on their willingness to grant requests from institutions with novel types of banking charters that are seeking access to introduce new financial products and delivery mechanisms for traditional banking services.
Summary of the Principles Outlined in the Proposed Guidelines
The Proposed Guidelines are intended to bring transparency and consistency to the process of reviewing requests for access to FRB services by establishing six principles that FRBs would use when deciding whether to grant or deny requests. The six proposed principles are:
- Eligibility and Operations. Each institution requesting an account or services must be eligible under the Federal Reserve Act or another federal statute to maintain an account at an FRB and receive FRB services and should have a well-founded, clear, transparent, and enforceable legal basis for its operations. As evidenced by the Proposed Guidelines, the FRS does not believe that legal eligibility alone bestows a right to obtain an account and services.
- Risk to FRB. Provision of an account and services to an institution should not present or create undue credit, operational, settlement, cyber, or other risks to the FRB.
- Risk to Payment System. Provision of an account and services to an institution should not present or create undue credit, liquidity, operational, settlement, cyber, or other risks to the overall payment system.
- Risk to Financial System. Provision of an account and services to an institution should not create undue risk to the stability of the US financial system.
- Risk to Economy. Provision of an account and services to an institution should not create undue risk to the overall economy by facilitating activities such as money laundering, terrorism financing, fraud, cybercrimes, or other illicit activity.
- Monetary Policy. Provision of an account and services to an institution should not adversely affect the FRS’s ability to implement monetary policy.
Each principle is supported by additional factors that the FRB should consider when evaluating the request. For example, the supporting factors for principle 3 state that the FRB should confirm that the applicant has an effective risk management framework and governance arrangements, and the factors for principle 5 state that the FRB should confirm that an applicant has a bank-like compliance program for anti-money laundering purposes.
The preamble to the Proposed Guidelines notes that while they are primarily designed to apply only to new applicants, the FRS expects FRBs to apply them to existing relationships when an FRB becomes aware of a significant change in the risks that the account holder presents due to changes in the nature of its principal business activities or condition.
The FRS expects that the application of the Proposed Guidelines to federally insured institutions would be “fairly straightforward in most cases” because the principles are broadly based on concepts that apply to such institutions. However, the FRS expects that assessments of access requests from non-federally insured institutions, which presumably would include many of the institutions with novel structures or charters, would likely require more extensive due diligence.
The Proposed Guidelines would provide clarity in an area of banking regulation that has historically been outside of the public view and, therefore, are consistent with the FRS’s ongoing transparency initiative.8 Beyond the concept of transparency as an end to itself, access to FRB services is an important issue for existing institutions and fintechs with novel charters or structures. Industry groups have already expressed their view that the Proposed Guidelines will be an important issue for the banking industry.9 Accordingly, we expect a number of comments to the Proposed Guidelines from a wide range of institutions and interest groups.
1 Press Release, Federal Reserve Board invites public comment on proposed guidelines to evaluate requests for accounts and payment services at Federal Reserve Banks (May 5, 2021), https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20210505a.htm, 86 Fed. Reg. 25,865 (May 11, 2021).
2 FRB, Operating Circular No. 1, Account Relationships (Feb. 1, 2013), https://frbservices.org/resources/rules-regulations/operating-circulars.html.
6 E.g., Fourth Corner Credit Union v. FRB Kansas City, 861 F.3d 1052 (10th Cir. 2017); TNB USA Inc. v. FRB New York, 2020 WL 1445806 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 25, 2020); Lee Reiners, Restoring Order in Crypto’s Wild West, The FinReg Blog (Apr. 6, 2021).
9 Austin Anton, BPI Responds to Federal Reserve Proposed Guidelines on Fed Accounts and Access to the Payment System, BPI (May 5, 2021); Rob Nichols, ABA Statement on Federal Reserve Board Review of Payments System Access, ABA (May 5, 2021).
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By Azmi Bishara
Some have an almost religious faith that Israel will one day cease to exist. Others maintain that Israel will end if the Arabs optimise their conviction that it is an alien entity in the region, incapable of reaching a just peace because it seeks to dominate rather than to assimilate. Odder yet is the belief that peace is the key to Israel’s inevitable destruction. Unless Israel can be delivered a major defeat just once, proponents of this belief hold, normalisation is the most powerful weapon against it, because it would then be torn apart by its internal contradictions.
There is no proof of the potential efficacy of either the major defeat concept or the normalisation weapon, even if Ben-Gurion had raised the spectre of the latter. Unfortunately, the reiteration of such unsubstantiated claims becomes a form of opiate for the people, a mystical alternative to the summoning of collective will, the formulation of a strategy for resistance, and the proactive exploitation of Israel’s internal contradictions.
Plurality within the framework of Zionist unity has never been a sign of a weakness that, if left to its own dynamics, would lead to Israel’s collapse. To the contrary, it is a sign of strength. It is indicative of the ability of that plurality to organise itself, in accordance with the rules of a democratic process and on the basis of certain principles of a national consensus. Moreover, to add insult to injury, those people who appeared in this region from all corners of the earth did not come from a single nationality or even, necessarily, from a democratic culture in the countries they hailed from. Yet they succeeded in creating a national bond, or call it what you will, that could serve as a basis for the rules of a communal democratic game for Jews without their polity breaking down along tribal, sectarian or cultural divides. Meanwhile, 60 years after the Nakba, the Arab peoples, who speak a single language and who had formulated an Arab national project long before the birth of colonialist Zionism, are still reluctant to respect the rules of a democratic game for fear that that will lead to dissolution into hostile parties, tribes and sects.
The memory of the Nakba will not help create democratic institutionalised systems of government in the Arab world or realise Arab unity. Such tasks require the unification of diverse interests or the domination of an overriding interest, and the creation of identity-shaping institutions, value systems and books, all of which reproduce it in shape and form. Nor are they part of confronting the Nakba. Rather they are a part of confronting dictatorship, the absence of the rule of law, the personification of political life, oppression and corruption with an alternative political project founded upon national agendas and capable of transcending protest to offer realistic options. None of this will happen until it becomes an aim in its own right. However, the memory of the Nakba is important. Indeed, it is as vital to this nation as air and water. There can be no national identity without collective national memory. I stress the memory of the Nakba . If the actual Nakba had not occurred, the Arabs may have been better off and they may have even realised a form of unification like other peoples. However, the Nakba, like the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the June 1967 war, is also a stage in the formation of collective Arab memory, as distinct from other national collective memories, and it remains the most significant stage in the formation of modern Palestinian identity with all its positive and negative traits.
The memory of the Nakba has a political dimension that is rarely discussed, especially now that the current "peace process" has transformed the Palestinian cause into the cause of the territories occupied in 1967, even though that political dimension should be the most important facet of the process. Even under the logic of the negotiating process and its stylised rhetoric that is divorced from reality and captive to wishful thinking, a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza, even a fully sovereign one, can not be regarded as a compromise solution unless it is recognised that the Palestinian tragedy began not in 1967 but in 1948. Even a bi-national state is a compromise solution from this perspective since it recognises a priori that the country was Arab in its entirety before being subjected to a protracted armed robbery in full view of the 20th century.
To date the "problem" to the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza in 1967 is to refute the Palestinian cause. To acknowledge the Nakba is to acknowledge the historic injustice inflicted upon the Palestinian people in 1948, which, in turn, is a prerequisite to the search for relatively just redress for this people. Justice (relative to the catastrophe that befell the Palestinian people in 1948) is not a negotiable principle. If negotiations were based on this principle it would be merely a matter for negotiations to work out how to translate it on the ground. In the absence of a common principle, on the other hand, negotiations must inevitably fall prey to the balances of power, which as they stand would impose an Israeli solution. This is how Israel perceives the negotiating process and has always perceived it and this is why Israel will only accept a negotiating partner that accepts an Israeli solution.
The memory of the Nakba is vital because its most salient consequence is the refugee question, which is still alive and waiting for a solution today. Certain parties here and there are keen to drop this matter from the international, Arab and national agenda, even though it started out as an international question with respect to which the Palestinians obtained international resolutions in their favour even before the international community recognised them as a people with the right to self- determination (if the partition resolution effectively recognised this right it is also the resolution that effectively justified the theft of half of Palestinian land).
Palestinian refugeedom is not a state of mind to be indulged when the spirit takes one, as some poets and novelists seem to imagine. It is a permanent state characterised by the loss of home, citizenship, fundamental rights and hope. It is a state of obliviousness and oblivion for some Palestinian elites who have abandoned hope of victory and given themselves over to solving their own problems through politics. In the meantime, the Palestinian refugee camp, especially in Lebanon, has become a place of accumulating misery and wretchedness in the absence of any attainable hope for return, which had justified the permanence of the camp, and in the absence of the option of resistance from the outside, which had once transformed the camp into a school of national liberation struggle. What is the sinificance of the Palestinian refugee camp in an Arab country without the option of resistance from the outside and without the hope for return in the near future?
The Palestinian national liberation struggle began as a refugee movement, waging armed struggle from the outside. The camp was the centre of that movement. Were it not for armed struggle it would not have been possible to sustain it. The camp was by definition a temporary condition until the realisation of the right of return — a base, school and community for the resistance. Once these reasons for its existence ceased it became nothing but a ghetto of poverty and misery. These are the conditions that produce Shaker Al-Abbasi and others, and that produce crime and political apathy. They might also engender local community gentrification drives, as occurred in the Yarmouk camp, or they might simply drive people out, as occurred in many camps in Lebanon. If the refugee camp is to be salvaged from its wretchedness and preserved for the purpose for which it was meant to serve there must be a national project for resistance for which the camp serves as a centre. Has any thought been given to this of late? I suspect not. Certainly indifference to the fate of the inhabitants of Al-Barid River and of the refugees of Iraq, and the neglect of their fate on the part of the current official Palestinian leadership in particular, form a painful episode that compels us to contemplate such questions.
In some Arab countries, the memory of the Nakba was used to justify the inhumane treatment of Palestinian refugees. That way they would remember they were refugees, or so the official thinking went. Sadly, such treatment was not so much a reminder of the Nakba as an extension of it. Indeed, it was part and parcel of the Nakba. The Palestinians have not appealed for citizenship in this Arab country or that. More importantly, they were hardly in need of additional persecution and maltreatment to remind them of their original towns and villages and the homes they were forced to flee, the keys to which are still passed from generation to generation as they fluctuate between hope and despair.
Meanwhile, the shift of the centre of gravity of the Palestinian national movement from the outside to the inside — and from the 1948 to the 1967 reference point — failed to produce a unified Palestinian strategy for resistance. In fact, it appears to have led to a vertical rift, the most dangerous aspect of which is not plurality within the framework of a liberation movement but fundamental division over the very strategy of the movement. No liberation movement can sustain this, which is a division over both aims and means, and not just a power struggle, as ugly as that is already.
Undoubtedly, the neutralisation of the roots — the Nakba and the cause of seeking refuge — and the neutralisation of the role of the refugees themselves as communities were instrumental in creating that polarisation inside a non-sovereign Palestinian Authority governing entity. On anniversary of the Nakba we must not only recall the rights of Palestinian refugees. We must also remember to ask ourselves what role the Palestinian Diaspora and refugees should play in the framework current Palestinian policy.
(This article was originally published in Al-Ahram Weekly – www.weekly.ahram.org.eg – June 12-18, 2008 edition.)
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Medical Weed Coming to Alabama soon ! Governor Kay Ivey officially signed into law Alabama’s new medical marijuana law into effect. Alabama to be the 37th state to allow medical marijuana. This allows everyone to start smoking marijuana ( 18 and over ). The answer is no. Medical weed allowed for patients only. Doctors Who care for such diseases as cancer, epilepsy, terminal illnesses, chronic pain, etc. You will need to see a licensed Doctor to get your medical marijuana card. Unfortunately, recreational weed is still not legal. Police will continue to enforce the law against casual pot smokers.
Alabama Setting Up Infrastructure For Marijuana
Alabama is currently in the process of setting up the medical cannabis policies and procedures. They will be forming commissioners to oversee the growing medical and recreational marijuana industry. This is in order to make sure its policies are safe for its citizens. Their policies will set the standards for weed smokers. Medical dispensary license Issued and eventually ( hopefully ) the recreational pot dispensary licenses in Alabama. Alabama set up a 18 month time frame for medical weed licenses and work to be done before that. Doctors who prescribe medical marijuana need Standards. Background checks For people who intend to own a pot dispensary.
Once the medical weed is allowed, hopefully recreational weed will be allowed. The people of Alabama allowed to smoke, vape and eat medical edibles such as pot brownies, gummie bear pot candy, and other edibles. It seems that medical weed is the first step in the other states that has allowed for recreational pot to be legal.
Alabama is taking the right steps in allowing weed for its citizens. The next step is to allow all its citizens so they can participate in the indulgence of weed ! Go Bama.
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Gates Asks Xu to Help Break 'On-Again, Off-Again' Cycle
By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Oct. 27, 2009 – Breaking the cycle of "on-again, off-again" military-to-military relations between the United States and China is of primary importance to the two nations, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates told his Chinese counterpart here today.
Gates met with Chinese Gen. Xu Caihou, the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People’s Liberation Army, for more than an hour at the Pentagon. Pentagon Press Secretary Geoff Morrell called the meetings "good and productive."
The two men spoke about the course of U.S.-Chinese relations, the progress made on military-to-military relations and the military-to-military goals for 2010.
Gates emphasized that the military-to-military relationship is key to the overall relationship between the two countries, Morrell said. He listed a number of areas where the United States and China cooperate and operate together. These include humanitarian operations, disaster relief, maritime security, counter-piracy, counter-proliferation and counter-narcotics.
"[Gates] also said there is a need to break the on-again, off-again cycle of our military-to-military relationship," Morrell said.
This often happens as military leaders "make strides, have a good visit, agree to cooperate on certain things and then there will be a hiccup that causes a suspension in mil-to-mil relations,” he continued. “[Gates] said that cycle has to end."
Xu said the two countries need to increase cooperation and military exchanges particularly in education opportunities for junior officers and senior noncommissioned officers.
The visit paved the way for the secretary to make a reciprocal visit to China early next year. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, also will visit his Chinese counterpart in the coming months.
The secretary praised efforts aimed at transparency in military affairs, Morrell said. The Chinese recently issued a White Paper, which – in part -- explains the justification for the Chinese military build-up.
The two defense leaders discussed Iran, North Korea, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
"The take-away is that there was broad agreement on the importance of and how to deal with the situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the need to work together to create a more stable and secure environment in both those places," Morrell said.
There also is an appreciation for the United States and China to work together to prevent Iran and North Korea from pursuing nuclear weapons and proliferating. The Chinese encouraged engagement and diplomacy for these countries.
Gates thanked the Chinese for their help in recovering the remains of U.S. personnel from previous wars.
"We've seen increased cooperation lately, and that was appreciated and noted and the secretary shared that with General Xu," Morrell said.
Tomorrow, Xu will travel to Fort Benning, Ga., and then move on to Offutt Air Force Base, Neb. The general will visit Nellis Air Force Base, Nev., on Oct. 29 and will move on to San Diego where he will tour the USS Ronald Reagan on Oct. 30.
The general then will tour U.S. bases in the Pacific region as the guest of the commander of U.S. Pacific Command, before returning to Beijing on Nov. 3.
|Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list|
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This has been a popular game in my room for years. The kids like the challenge of carefully hanging the different color bats, the rules are simple, and there is an element of suspense before all the bats crash down to the table. Lots of laughter happens then!
BoardGameGeek.com are : To start, place the magnetic bat on the top of the Bat Tower. Roll the bat die to see what color bat you have to add on your turn. You may be lucky and have to place a small one or not so lucky and have to place the biggest bat of all. As each player goes, the weight of all those bats begins to tug on the top bat so, be careful! If your bat is the one that makes them fall, you get a Bat Token. When a player has 3 Bat Tokens they're out of the game and the player who has the fewest Bat Tokens at that time wins!
Unofficially, in my room, the rules of the game vary depending on the student level. In this case, my guy was hanging the bats carefully and making sure they didn't fall. We took turns! He requested the bats by color. This was successful in that he was interacting with me, playing with a toy in the way it was intended to be used, imitating my actions, and staying engaged.
Goals are obviously to add more functions to his communication and engagement, but first things first! This kid essentially can often unfortunately sit and show no interest in any toy, so during this activity I was excited! I also plan on letting the teacher borrow this and other games of interest, so she can play them with him, and he can play them with other kids.
One final note: Last summer, I worked with a graduate student who made simple communication boards for many of my games. When we opened the game up, surprise! The communication board was in the box. It was like Christmas for both of us!
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Pope Francis says summer can be an ideal time to encounter the Lord….
During his Sunday Angelus address, the Pope told the faithful in a hot St. Peter’s Square: ‘Summer time can be a providential moment to grow in our commitment to seek after and encounter the Lord.”
Reflecting on the feast of the Transfiguration, the Pope said that the disciples’ journey to Mount Tabor demonstrates the need for us to ‘detach from the worldly to make our journey upward and contemplate Christ’
The event of the Lord’s Transfiguration, the Pontiff reminded, offers us a message of hope: “we will be like this, with Him. It invites us to encounter Jesus, to be at the service of others.”
Before reciting the midday prayer, the Holy Father prayed that “Our Mother and Mother of God help us to be attuned to the Word of God, so that Christ becomes the light and guide of our whole life.”
“We entrust to her everyone’s vacation; may it be serene and profitable, but especially the summer of those that can’t have a vacation because of impediments of age, health or work reasons, financial restrictions and other problems, so that it is, in any case, a time of relaxation, gladdened by the presence of friends and happy moments.”
As usual, Pope Francis concluded, telling those present to have a good Sunday and good lunch.
On Zenit’s Web page:
Full Text: https://zenit.org/articles/angelus-address-on-the-feast-of-the-transfiguration/
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To some, mice are tiny, adorable creatures. To the rest of us, they are destructive, disease-carrying pests.
Mice are members of the Mus genus unless they happen to be deer or field mice (Peromyscus). There are several types of Mus mice, the most common being the house mouse. There are also white lab mice and mice sold as pets.
Mice have followed us throughout history. We provide easy food sources and shelter, often against our will. Mice are intelligent, curious creatures.
Most of us recognize a mouse when we see one. Its pointed snout, cute little rounded ears, and naked tail are clear giveaways. Or are they? It ends up that the words mouse and rat are not taxonomically specific. In this case, size really does matter. In Ancient Roman times, rats and mice were differentiated by size, calling them mus maximus and mus minimus, respectively.
Descended from an ancestor shared with lagomorphs (rabbits), these species went their separate ways several million years ago. All of them are highly prolific gnawers. Gnawers have some amazing teeth. The reason these animals keep gnawing on things is that their teeth grow continuously. In the photo below, you can see a single lower incisor tooth below the rabbit jaw from which it came. The tooth fits neatly into a tube in the jawbone, and it is always moving outward.
Mouse or rat?
One of the easiest ways to tell if you have a mouse or a rat today is to look at its nipples. Rats have six pairs of nipples. House mice have five. But who’s counting? Other differences include the larger ears and thinner tails of mice. Mice and rats are both excellent climbers and swimmers, but mice can jump surprisingly far, for their size. Mice and rats have poor eyesight but their senses of hearing and smell are excellent.
Mice build their nests in tiny pockets of darkness. Those pockets may be found in burrows or any number of neglected spaces in your yard or home. Mice may be small, but they can cause big problems.
Problems caused by mice
Mice may have impressive teeth, for their size, but those teeth are softer than a rat’s. Instead of chewing through concrete and aluminum, mice prefer softer materials, such as wires, irrigation bags, and plants. Mice chewing on electrical wires have been known to cause housefires. They can also create new openings in your ductwork and damage anything you have stored out of the way for safekeeping. It ends up “out of sight, out of mind” isn’t particularly safe for your treasured holiday decorations or mementos when mice are nearby.
In the garden, these herbivores prefer fruits and grain for their food, but they will take whatever they find. Contrary to popular fiction, mice are not especially fond of cheese. [I imagine it gets stuck in their teeth.] Instead, they will strip your cereal grains, ravage your nectarines and persimmons, and make short work of your peas and beans. Look for tiny teeth marks on pods, fruits, and stems. They will also pull seedlings and small plants down from underneath to enjoy in relative safety, along with newly planted seeds. If your seeds and seedlings have been disappearing, mice may be the problem.
Mice are also responsible for spreading diseases such as hantavirus. Hantavirus causes kidney damage and failure. The disease is spread through mouse urine and feces which are found everywhere mice go. No pun intended.
In my experience, a traditional mousetrap smeared with crunchy peanut butter is the best way to trap mice. You can add other nuts and seeds to the peanut butter mixture as an added attractant. One minute a mouse sees food. The next moment, its life is over. When your trap is successful, don some gloves and a mask, remove the mouse from the trap and place the mouse in a plastic bag before depositing it in the trash.
There are also electronic traps that electrocute its victims. Live capture traps can also be used, but those mice must be released somewhere else, potentially spreading disease into new areas and disrupting the delicate balances of life that exist there. As prolific as mice are, I opt for the kill trap method. Do not use poison or sticky traps. They are cruel. Sticky traps leave their victims to starve to death and poisons put pets, small children, birds of prey, and many other creatures at risk.
Small dogs and cats will go after mice, but only if they are left out all night, every night. In my opinion, the damage they may cause chasing a mouse outweighs the damage they prevent. Since cats tend to choose garden soil for their “business” and outdoor cats are more prone to injury and disease, I feel cats belong indoors. That’s just me.
Tarantulas will also kill mice, but I don’t want one of those running around loose in my strawberry patch. How about you?
You can grow a surprising amount of food in your own yard. Ask me how!
To help The Daily Garden grow, you may see affiliate ads sprouting up in various places. These are not weeds. Pluck one of these offers and, at no extra cost to you, I get a small commission. As an Amazon Associate I earn from these qualifying purchases. You can also get my book, Stop Wasting Your Yard!
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Gov. Ron DeSantis wants the Florida Supreme Court to weigh in now on the constitutionality of a North Florida congressional district.
The Governor’s office has questioned the legality of Florida’s 5th Congressional District, represented now by U.S. Rep. Al Lawson, a Tallahassee Democrat. The district spans from Tallahassee to Jacksonville and includes numerous Black neighborhoods in between. DeSantis notes every draft congressional map published by the Legislature in the once-a-decade reapportionment process includes an analogous district. But a proposal submitted by his office does not.
DeSantis, a military lawyer before his political career, asks the courts to weigh in now on whether the district must remain on the map.
“I seek this Court’s opinion on whether Article III, Section 20(a) of the Florida Constitution requires the retention of a district in northern Florida that connects the minority population in Jacksonville with distant and distinct minority populations (either in Leon and Gadsden counties or outside of Orlando) to ensure sufficient voting strength, even if not a majority, to elect a candidate of their choice,” DeSantis wrote.
That’s a question that speaks directly to the federal Voting Rights Act requirements to protect minority access districts, though DeSantis stresses he wants answers specifically to language in state law, specifically the phrase “diminish their ability to elect representatives of their choice.”
After the Senate passed its own congressional map including the district, Sen. Ray Rodrigues — the Senate Reapportionment Committee chair — told press the maps were crafted with the assumption the Black minority access district needed to be protected by top-tier requirements of the law.
But DeSantis has noted he still holds a veto pen on any congressional map produced by the Legislature.
“Once presented with a congressional redistricting bill, I must decide whether to approve or veto it, and even if I take no action and the law goes into effect, I must nevertheless take care that the Constitution and laws of the state of Florida are faithfully executed,” he wrote.
He noted the Secretary of State’s office, which operates under the Governor’s auspices, must defend the final maps.
“The Department of State will also be responsible for defending any legal challenges to the new congressional redistricting map,” he wrote. “In deciding whether to exercise my veto power once the Legislature’s congressional redistricting bill is presented to me, and how best to faithfully implement the law if enacted, I now seek your ‘opinion … as to the interpretation of [a] portion of [the] constitution’ that applies to the congressional redistricting process.”
Critics of the Governor’s map, including Lawson, have said the law requires preservation of the minority access district in North Florida.
“I will ensure the people of Florida’s 5th District have the representation in Congress they rightfully deserve,” Lawson said in a statement. “My district includes a large minority and urban core, protecting minority voting access is critical to serving the needs of this area.”
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(At the ASEAN summit in Manila)
Love to repeat what’s become my favourite line — I TOLD YOU SO!
Immediately after his nomination by the Republican Party as its presidential candidate I had written that once in the White House, Donald Trump would be so self-centered and concerned only with advancing America’s narrow interests that Delhi should pragmatically prepare to get out of its traditional policy of leaning on big powers — the Soviet Union pre-Cold War end and in the new century, the US — for the country’s strategic security, and begin relying on itself and its national resources for its own protection because it will be compelled by the emerging circumstances to do so anyway. And hence, that Trump’s election would be a good thing because, finally, the value of self-reliance, especially in arms and national security, will be appreciated. (“Why Donald Trump is good for India”, Open magazine 20 July 2016, http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/politics/why-donald-trump-is-good-for-india and also posted on this blog).
Such tocsins that I sounded have, however, gone unheeded. Now that Trump has dumped on the Narendra Modi regime and other friendly states, leaving them high and dry, perhaps, some one in PMO, MEA, government will. The prompt is the decision by the President abruptly to withdraw the US military from Syria and Afghanistan. Defence Secretary, James Mattis, objected and resigned. He was the only man standing between India and Trump’s whimsicality.
So, consider the situation now: In Afghanistan, the Modi government suddenly finds it has lots of now hollow promises about sustained US commitment to realizing a Taliban-mukt Afghanistan and no US boots on the ground to achieve it. India has lost the military cover under which Delhi was running its own Afghan Taliban links. Oh, sure, Trump will leave a few Special Forces units in Afghanistan (and in Syria) to prosecute counter-terrorism( and anti-IS) actions, but for all intents and purposes the US has abandoned Afghanistan, leaving the Kabul government of Ashraf Ghani in a lurch, and the Pakistan-leaning sections of Taliban in that country ascendant. In the last such Taliban rule by the one-eyed Mullah Omar, terrorists professing the Kashmir cause hijacked an Air India flight to Kandahar leading to capitulation by the previous BJP government and the sheer humiliation of External Affairs minister Jaswant Singh handing over Azhar Mahmood to the Taliban.
With the Taliban-run Afghanistan once again available as a base in-depth, Inter-Service Intelligence of the Pakistan Army will be in a position to marshal that country’s vast terrorist resources in terms of religiously motivated manpower. Whether Indian intelligence agencies in league with other outfits can prevent such a denouement is doubtful. In the main because the sections of the Afghan Taliban, whose members also join up opportunistically with the Pakistani Taliban that Indian intel have cultivated over the years, are incapable of outfighting on two fronts — against the more rabid Taliban in Afghanistan and the Pakistan army in Pakistan. But India would have to keep a hand in in Afghan affairs by sustaining the friendly Taliban in the field. However, the best diplomatic bet for a solution is the underway Russian initiative for peace in Afghanistan. Nov 8 meeting hosted in Moscow by the Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov had invitees from United States, India, Iran, China and Pakistan, and the five former Central Asian republics, and hailed the meeting as an opportunity to “open a new page” in Afghanistan’s history. India’s role, insofar as can be made out, was just to mark its presence.
The Afghan escapade pulled by Trump meshing with his Syria decision was justified via twitter thus: “Why are we fighting for our enemy, Syria, by staying & killing ISIS for them, Russia, Iran & other locals? Time to focus on our Country & bring our youth back home where they belong!” In other words, the Islamic State core fighting forces and leadership, who are supposed to have bolted with a full load of hard currency and gold from their Syrian and Iraqi strongholds, are readying to renew jihad against darul harb (non-Islamic world) but Washington wants no part of it. Except this fight can seep into the Kashmir dispute. How?
Because Hindu India oppressing Muslims is a cause Islamists from all over can readily rally around. What with Adityanath and his hate Muslim-antics in Uttar Pradesh providing almost a pluperfect basis for the already active Islamic State, J&K branch, to base their war against the Indian state on. And because, an effete Indian state would seem to be an easy target for an IS-led international movement hungry for success after its thrashing in their West Asian redoubts by the combined military might of US, Europe, Iraqi forces loyal to Baghdad, and assorted Arab states, with the Saudis in the van, and Turkey seeking to lead this campaign. Indeed Recep Erdogan, with a subconscious motive of reclaiming the Ottoman domain in some sense has, in fact, been handed the helmsmanship of the fight against IS rump by Trump who has decamped from the region along with the US forces. With Ankara so elevated and Turkey’s intimacy with the powers that be in Islamabad (read Pakistan army) set aside the cold vibes Erdogan encountered when he visited Delhi and broached the topic of mediating on Kashmir, he may not be altogether averse to channeling the IS fighting horde, via a facilitative Talibanized Afghanistan, into Kashmir.
How does Modiji expect to deal with this onrushing train when his policy is tied to the rails of ‘strategic partnership’ with a completely unreliable and untrustworthy America? We will nevertheless hear from the Carnegie-Brookings crowd, including its leading lights here and in nearby countries via op/eds in Indian newspapers who will twist these developments and Trump’s wayward policy into a pretzel to argue that Delhi should tie India even closer to the US to reap strategic rewards, when the time actually is nigh for India to begin securing its future by itself.
At the heart of this policy mess is the fact that Indian politicians and the Indian government invariably make a hash of reading the United States correctly. In the main because, like Modi and everybody else in policy making circles, dependency on external players is instinctive, laced with personal profit, aspirations, and desires that are made to fit inconvenient reality. In this case, it has resulted in India giving in to Washington on every issue, playing the doormat, and making no substantive move to incentivize the states on China’s periphery to join together in shoring up our individual security by collective means. “Look East, Act East”, in the event, is just another slogan to be trotted out the next time a summit takes place in those parts or a head of state from there comes visiting.
India has much in its corner. It has military access to Duqm in Oman, the French Base Heron in Djibouti, Seychelles, Maldives, Trincomalee in Sri Lanka, Sabang in Indonesia and Na Thrang on the central coast of Vietnam, and the Indian Navy has worked up these and other maritime neighbours in its Indian Ocean Naval Symposium into a cooperative mood, but where’s the follow up action? What’s the point of these bases on distant shores if no Indian military forces are ever posted there?
Inaction always has cost. Tajikistan offered the Farkhor air base in Ainee for India to refurbish and to operate a squadron of IAF Su-30s out of. Had this squadron been immediately posted to Ainee soon after an Indian task force in the early 2000s had lengthened the runway to handle heavier aircraft and redone the tarmac — all with Indian monies, India would have had a military grip on China’s flank. Instead Delhi waited, displaying its usual lassitude, and IAF did nothing to prod the Manmohan Singh government into approving such deployment and, voila!, the Russians returned in this decade militarily to recover Ainee for their own use as a forward base. So now if Delhi invokes its original understanding with Dushanabe, Moscow may, depending on whether relations with India are frosty, exercise a veto.
This is how every extra-territorial military initiative that Delhi mounted has ended. In the maritime domain, for instance. Mozambique’s request to the Indian government to found a navy for that country equipped with phased out Indian corvettes and frigates and led by Indian Navy officers remains unaddressed from the time it was first made in the year 2000. That’s the sort of urgency the Indian government shows for anything remotely strategic! The Indian people’s dream of India as a great power is wrecked by such care-less attitude and sheer disinterest in doing anything worthwhile.
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Why Babies Cry
We all know that a baby can’t tell his needs or troubles in words. The only way for him to communicate with others is by crying.Babies show some other signs like feet kicking,hand waving and head turning ect.But the best way to take the attention of others is by crying.
Excessive crying may not have a firm definition because the crying habit
changes from baby to baby and some babies can be calmed easily but some are difficult to sooth.If crying is distressing for the mother and home nurse it can be called excessive.Many a times baby become quiet by giving breast milk or by carrying with a gentle rocking.Sudden onset of excessive crying means baby is distressed and needs attention.The causes of crying extends from simple reasons to life threatening conditions.Hence crying of a baby should not be ignored.
Most of the time it is difficult to find the cause of the cry. Common causes are discussed here for awareness.
Common reasons for crying:
A hungry baby will cry till he gets the milk. Here the old saying comes true’crying baby gets the milk’.
Urination and defecation causes some discomfort and results in crying till his parts are cleaned and made dry .
Majority of the kids need somebody near. If they feel lonely they cry.When their favourite doll slips away from the grip they cry for help.
When the baby is tired after a journey and unable to sleep just cry simply.They feel tired in uncomfortable sourroundings and due to unhealthy climate
Heat – Cold
If they feel too hot or too cold they become restless and cry. Child is comfortable in a room with good ventilation.
Tight cloaths especially during warm climate is intolerable for kids.Tight elastic of the the dress can also produce soreness in the hip region.
When the baby wakes up from sleep he needs some dim light.If there is darkness he will disturb the sleep of parents by crying.Ofcourse he will be irritated by strong light resulting in cry.
Yes, these creatures disturb the sleep by their blood sucking and makes the baby cry.
Child may not be able to sleep when they have a cold and go on crying till the passage is open.
Phlegm in throat
This also causes difficult breathing resulting in cry.Often a typical sound can be heard with each breath.
Generalised body ache with restlessness is seen in flu and prodromal stages of some infectious diseases can result in continuous cry.
Some babies cry without any real cause ending the parents in agony.Many a times doctor is called for help.
If a tight and wet nappy is kept for a long time results in this conditon.
Rash can also be due to some allergic reaction to the elastic material of the nappy. When the rash appears it causes soreness and baby become sleepless and cry. All other skin lesions like
eczema,ecthyma ,candidiasis ect also causes same problems.
Ear infection is common in wet climate. The infection may spread from the throat.Ear infection can result in rupture of ear drum causing discharge of pus. Ear ache usually becomes worse at night when lying down. Child will become restless with cry and may not allow you to touch the ear. Some children with earache rub the affected ear frequently.
When the baby cry continuously most of us diagnose it as colic.This roblem is still a topic for debate because exact cause for colic is not known and diagnosis is also difficult to confirm.Colic may be associated with rumbling and distention of abdomen.Child often feels better when lying on abdomen.Some children may not allow you to touch the abdomen.If the child cries continuously doctors help is needed
All infections causes some kind of pain or irritation resulting in cry.Infection may be anywhere in the body.Usually it is associated with fever, redness and swelling.
Reactions to certain food
It is said that one man’s food is another man’s poison. Some food articles can produce some allergic reactions. Allergy is manifested in the form of redness, breathlessness,gastric symptons and continuous cry.
Constipated babies with hard stools may cry when they get the urge for stool.Some children hesitate to pass stool because of pain.
Gastro esophagial reflex
Here baby cries with spilling of food after feeding.If this continues it may be due to gastroesophageal reflex. This is due to failure of the lower part of esophagus to close after food causing regurgitation from the stomach.It is difficult to diagnose this condition and can be confirmed by giving antireflex medicines.
During dentition child becomes restless with crying. Often associated with gastric troubles and diarrhoea.
Some rare reasons
Bowel obstruction is associated with severe pain and vomiting.Abdomen is
distended with rumbling sound.Baby is constipated with absence of flatus.
Invasion of pathogenic micro organisms in to the blood is called septicemia.Fever is associated with this condition.
Torsion of testes in male kids
When a male baby cries continuously his scrotum should be examined.Torsion of the testes produce severe pain which will be worse by touching the affected testes.When the testes is pressed upwards pain is releived.If this is not treated properly it can damage the affected testes due to lack of blood supply.
Retention of urine
Children with retention of urine will have agonising pain making them restless.
Major injury to any parts of the body causes pain.Occasionally children will fall while arrying and results in head injury.Head injury is associated with reflex vomiting and convulsions.
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This is the 4th of 7 lectures given by Rudolf Steiner at The Hague, in November of 1923. The title of this series of lectures is: The Supersensible Human, Anthroposophically Comprehended, and published in English as: Supersensible Man, and At Home in the Universe. This lecture is also known as: Anthroposophy / Spiritual Science as a Human and Personal Way of Life. This lecture first appeared in English in The Golden Blade of 1950.
16 November 1923, The Hague
Translated by Mary Adams
The road that leads to a knowledge and understanding of the spiritual world differs in many respects from the method of knowledge that meets with general acceptance to-day.
As I have explained on other occasions, not only is it possible in our time to travel on this road, but there is in the man of the present day a deep need — yes, a hunger — for knowledge of the super-sensible. Certain preparatory inner experiences are, as you know, required in order to awaken in man the hitherto slumbering: consciousness of the spiritual world and of the eternal in his own being. Man cannot, therefore, follow this path of knowledge without its affecting him in his innermost soul. Here we have at once a radical difference from the way of cognition to which we are accustomed.
Consider for a moment the scientific knowledge we acquire to-day by the activity of the intellect — and all present-day knowledge is so acquired, whether it be based on observation or on experiment. Where, to begin with, is this knowledge? For the most part, in books, in writing. The path of knowledge is in consequence well-defined, and man has continually to accept — and is often glad to accept — the limits marked out for recognised knowledge. How readily, when entering into some question of practical life, a man will defer to books — or shall we say, for it sounds a little better, will seek the requisite knowledge along purely scientific lines! This knowledge once acquired, he is, of course, ready to be himself — to be man — again. He has no wish to remain, in life, in the mood that accepts without question, maintaining even with a certain pride: it has been scientifically proved. ... When anyone brings forward something he has discovered out of his own experience, it will frequently happen that one who is au fait in scientific matters will immediately reply: But that does not tally with what is already known and proved, with what has been established as scientific fact. Knowledge has become severed from direct personal experience, so much so indeed that it is regarded as genuine only if acquired and experienced quite apart from any relation to what springs from the heart of man.
The path of knowledge which leads to a recognition of the spiritual world and of the eternal in the human being has quite another character. It calls upon the personal in man; he cannot so much as take one step upon it without heart and soul being directly concerned. And I want to-day to speak of the results for the life of man when knowledge is in this way brought into immediate connection with the personal in the human being.
Knowledge of the spiritual world is not just a continuation or extension of the knowledge that prevails to-day; rather does it imply a change in the whole way of experiencing knowledge.
Let us look a little more closely at a distinctive feature of the knowledge that has made such advances in our day and generation. Do not think I want to criticise this method of knowledge. It has achieved a very great deal on its own ground, and has brought to humanity quite remarkable blessings of a material kind, although it must be admitted that these are, in the present age of civilisation, somewhat heavily cancelled out! Present-day knowledge has, throughout, this characteristic: it starts from the assumption that things are either “true” or “untrue”, and sets out to decide between the alternatives by the exercise of the intellect. We make a point, do we not, of being logical and of basing our conclusion on the facts of experience. Once we have come to see that some scientific statement is true or untrue, then it stands there before us in its truth or untruth and our personality has very little concern with it. We can of course — and should — be filled with enthusiasm for the truth, and turn with loathing from error and falsehood; but if we compare our personal relation to the scientific findings of our lime as regards their truth and falsehood with other relations of life, we find a considerable difference.
Let me take a simple, practical example. When we satisfy our hunger, we are doing something in which we are ourselves personally involved; the satisfied hunger cannot be said to stand before us as something objective to ourselves. Whereas when we come to a conclusion between truth and untruth in the realm of science we seek rather to keep our personality out of the decision. If yesterday we were in error on a certain matter, and to-day are no longer so, the implication is, we have arrived at a conclusion, but in doing so we have not essentially changed in our personal being. If, on the other hand, we have eaten something we never tasted before, and have enjoyed it, then we are not quite the same as we were.
Now it will be found that the concepts “true” and “untrue”, “true” and “false” become changed when we begin to have immediate experience of the truths of spiritual science. As we gradually find our way on this new path of knowledge, we stop saying: This is true, that is false. The criterion holds good for the material world; there we can rightly let it be our guide. Few people, however, are aware of its origin. If we trace back the word “true” in the various languages, we make an interesting discovery. The abstract concept, it denotes to-day is comparatively new; it is a product of evolution. In earlier times, anything to which man felt he owed acknowledgement and assent was said to be “what the Gods willed.” The world was divided for man into what the Gods have willed and what the Gods have not willed. In many languages the word “true” still retains this older meaning as well. “True” meant “true to the Divine Order”; the abstract meaning came later. When the intellect took command in the field of knowledge, men forgot the origin of the word “true”. And so to-day we have this completely impersonal relation to knowledge.
The new way of knowledge, however, leads us again to associate something actual and vital with what we assent to or reject. In spiritual science we are not content to say of something that it is true or correct; we ascribe to it a quality, an effectual quality. We speak of knowledge being sound, wholesome — or unwholesome, and to be discarded. The concepts “true” or “correct”, and “untrue” or “incorrect”, which are really valid only for the physical world, are replaced by the concepts “sound” and “unsound”. We are thereby obliged to come into a nearer, more personal relation with the whole of knowledge. For we must needs regard as desirable what is sound and wholesome, we incline to it; on the other hand, we turn away from, we reject, so far as we are able, what is unsound or unhealthy. And as we begin to discern in the field of knowledge whether ideas enrich life or impoverish it, strengthen and aid life, or render it sick and feeble, we begin to realise how intimate is the connection of ideas with life. The knowledge of the present day we approach rather as we do a person to whom we are more or less indifferent, with whom we have merely a conventional relation. Not so with the Spiritual Science I am representing here. We approach it in the way we would a friend whom we love.
As we come to apprehend the truths of the pre-earthly life of man — the life he had as a being of soul and spirit in a purely spiritual world — or as we take our way into the realms of the spiritual world through which man lives between death and new birth, we begin to feel deeply connected with these worlds and with all that they contain; we feel impelled to unite our very being with what we recognise as sound and healthy knowledge, giving us a sound, healthy outlook on life, while on the other hand we naturally reject and cast behind us views that we cannot help seeing are unhealthy, unsound.
Let me illustrate my point by comparison once again with a familiar everyday experience. Normally, man takes nourishment, and this, when it has undergone change inside him, enables him to replace what he has used up in his body; and in this metamorphosis of the means of nourishment man has a feeling of well-being. Conditions, however, may arise, owing to which he is unable to take food — perhaps because his organism is not in a state to digest it, or for some other reason. When this is so, man feeds on what is in his own body; he begins, so to say, to devour himself. Certain illnesses are associated with this condition. This is not unlike what happens with us in the pursuit of knowledge. As we gradually acquire knowledge of the spiritual world, we come to feel how, through such knowledge, we are being brought together with the spiritual world, we are becoming one with it; we are finding our way to the Gods, and to our own immortal soul, finding our way to what we shall experience in the spiritual world when we have passed through the gate of death, and to what we experienced there before we came down to earth. It is almost as though we had offered up our own existence, surrendered it in devotion to the world; but that thereby our life had become richer, inwardly richer. We have become the world, and in so doing we begin to apprehend ourselves for the first time in our full human inwardness. We discover that the whole being and existence of man depends on his coming together with the world in this way. Similarly, too, we learn to understand how the lack or neglect of such truths is like having to live in the world without the organs for receiving nourishment, driven to feed on our own body.
It is different on the intellectual plane. Here we can dispute and argue about idealism and materialism, and so forth; to one we may feel kindly disposed — to another perhaps not, but we do not suffer on that account; none of them affects us deeply. But when we have learned to apprehend sound spiritual truths, then ideas that have a materialistic orientation give us pain; for we know, such truths leave man to feed upon himself.
Now we shall find that the experience I have described enables us to distinguish spiritual truths in yet another way, for it brings home to us that truth is related to love, that healthy and sound knowledge is related to selflessness in man — not the selflessness that loses the self but that leads rather to the possession of the self in the true sense. When man has learned to go out of himself and into the world, becoming in this way not empty but filled with world content, then it is that he finds his true manhood.
Devotion, loving devotion to the spiritual facts of life, becomes a characteristic of one who is able to receive spiritual knowledge. We do not, as a rule, find that the pursuit of purely intellectual knowledge has any specific effect on character; but when a man has probed to the heart of spiritual knowledge, he knows that he cannot apprehend such knowledge without its affecting his character, without its entering — to speak in a paradox — into the flesh and blood of his soul, developing in him an inclination to selflessness, to love. He comes also to understand that when man receives knowledge that lacks this health-giving impulse, it drives him — spiritually speaking — to feed on himself, and from this he can learn the true nature of egoism.
The effect upon character is one of the most important results that can accrue from spiritual knowledge. Abstract intellectual knowledge is like an artificial root; it has been constructed by the intellect — no plant can grow from it. This is true of all the scientific knowledge that men respect and revere to-day, useful though it be, and by no means to be disparaged. From a real root grows a real plant; and from a real knowledge, whereby man can unite his spirit with the Spirits of the World, grows little by little the complete man who knows what true selflessness — selfless love — is, and what egoism is, and from this understanding derives impulses to act and work in life — the impulse, where it is right, to be selfless; or again, where he perhaps has need to draw forth something from his own being in preparation for life — there, openly, without any disguise, to develop egoism.
A certain clairvoyance will be found to enter into this self-observation, and into the way it is led over into deed and action. From the root of spiritual knowledge springs the plant of the higher man, the man of soul and spirit. Spiritual knowledge leads therefore quite naturally and inevitably to morality. As regards present-day knowledge, we tend to be proud of the fact that it has no connection with morality or ethics. We assume as a matter of course that we have to examine the inorganic processes in Nature in accordance with their laws, looking in them for cause and effect and not expecting to find in them any ethical working. We boast that we can even go on to apply these methods to living processes, to our study of the plant, of the animal and of the human being, allowing ourselves to concede the presence of a moral element only when we come to consider the deeper impulses that rise up in human hearts and souls: impulses of which, however, we cannot say that they are able to demonstrate their independent existence by accomplishing the transition to objective reality.
Knowledge of the spirit, on the other hand, leading as it does to an intensive development of the experience of selflessness, of that loving devotion to the matter in hand, without which spiritual knowledge is unattainable, and on the other hand to a fine perception of the nature of egoism, brings us right into the moral world-order. The moral world-order begins to be for us an immediate reality. Let us examine a little how this comes about.
We begin to speak no longer merely in an abstract way of a pre-earthly life of man, but actually to look into the spiritual world in which we lived before we descended to Earth, even as we look out: with our physical eyes on our physical surroundings; and we find that we are surrounded there by beings who never take on a physical body, just as here in the physical world we have around us beings who have, like ourselves, a physical body. The spiritual world and its beings become actual and objective; we begin to be familiar with them.
What is the secret of our bodily existence on earth? Even as through the years of childhood, from birth onward, we are continually being impelled, unconsciously or half consciously, to find our way into our body, to grow increasingly one with it, so do we in like manner, throughout our physical life on earth, gradually approach the world, feeling our way towards it by means of our physical organs. When we are active and creative, we — so to speak — lose ourselves in our body; soul and spirit are surrendered to the body and we lose consciousness of them. The content of the world is communicated to us through our bodily nature. Materialism is quite right as far as earthly consciousness is concerned, for we are obliged to make use of the body as long as we remain in the earthly consciousness, and so have to be content with perceiving only what is bodily. If, however, man wants to comprehend the spiritual world and his own super-sensible being, he has to undergo in himself a development wherein the body acts as a hindrance. For the body would wrench us away from the spiritual world, would alienate us from it, driving us back again and again upon ourselves and our own egoity; whereas in spiritual knowledge we have to come right out of ourselves — rather as we do when we love another human being. And in so far as we become able to do this, a deeply significant truth begins to dawn upon us, namely, that man passes through repeated earthly lives.
As a matter of fact, many of the feelings and impulses that we carry in our soul are there as a result of earlier lives on earth; only we do not observe them as such because we remain in our body. Suppose we meet someone, and the meeting leads to a friendship that alters the whole course of our life. When we look back over the earlier years, we discover with the eye of the spirit what we could never find by the aid of bodily vision alone: namely, that our whole life up to the moment of meeting him was a search for that person. One who is already a little older and looks back in this way is able to see his life as the working out of a plan; he recognises how, when he was quite a little child, his life took a direction that was to bring about eventually the meeting with this friend. We can go further in this kind of observation of life and discover that all we do, though it may seem to result from the working of earthly physical forces, is in reality guided from elsewhere. We come in fact to recognise that the life we are now living is dependent on earlier lives on earth. And between these have been also lives in a spiritual world.
Now we can come to a knowledge of the other lives we have lived on earth only when we learn to imbue with love the faculty of cognition. It is by no means so easy as some people think, to discover the man we were! For he is a complete stranger to us now. Only a selfless, love-imbued faculty of cognition can grasp this other person, so that he enters into our consciousness.
This is how it is with all stages of higher, spiritual knowledge. Our knowledge has to become a loving knowledge, intimately bound up with our personality, a knowledge that simply cannot be at all without our personality taking part in it. And as we grow into this larger world, and learn to look beyond birth and beyond death, to look also beyond and behind the world of the senses — for in the plant, animal, and mineral kingdoms we begin to behold beings, spiritually active beings — as we do this, we come into a kingdom of reality, where the ethical impulses that inhere in our knowledge have place. I will give you an example.
Destiny, we say, is hard to bear. So little good seems often to result from actions that spring from the highest motives, whilst others that flow from evil motives reap marvelous success! How is this? The reason is that this physical world of the senses, not-withstanding that we have taken for ourselves a fragment of it to form, as it were, a garment for our souls, has in it no moral impulses. The moral and ethical impulses that are behind our actions have no place there; they are wiped away out of whatever we do or make in the physical world, the nearest approach to moral working is a purely formal compensatory effect. But this physical world is permeated throughout with spirit; we carry our moral or immoral actions into the world of the spirit. And here, even as we found that “true” comes to mean for us sound or healthy, we recognise that when man devotes himself to moral truth, he becomes in his inner being, strong, well developed; whereas when he gives himself up to error he becomes a cripple in soul and spirit.
In the present cycle of evolution this does not find expression in the physical body (there we carry the results of what we did and achieved in our previous life on earth); but when we have laid down our physical body and gone through the gate of death, then there is no longer anything to prevent our soul and spirit from assuming the physiognomy we have acquired from the ethical quality of our experience. There in the spiritual world we, as soul and spirit, are strong and well-developed, or crippled and weak. Then, later on, comes the time for us to resume a physical body; and in forming it we build, from within, our own destiny. For we may, on the one hand, be able, having brought from an earlier life a harmonious soul-and-spirit nature, to form the new body in perfect order and proportion, so that we can employ it in good and useful activity; or, coming into incarnation, as it were, as a moral cripple, we may find ourselves able only to form and guide the new body in a clumsy and awkward fashion, from embryo up to adult age. And now this inner destiny becomes our outer destiny. For it is clear to an unprejudiced observation that whatever befalls us from without is closely connected with what we ourselves have prepared as our inner destiny. In all our intercourse with the world outside, we make use of the body as an instrument, and according as we use it skillfully and well, or badly and clumsily, we occasion, at any rate in part, the events that befall us. And then, in the further lives that follow, come new compensation and balancing-out. Thus in the spiritual world we find the formative forces that belong to our moral life. The moral world becomes for us a reality.
We see how an ethical impulse cannot in one earth-life effect a change in the physical body, but when it passes over into the next life on earth, can work there quite definitely as a health-giving influence, no less truly than heat works in the physical world, or light, or electricity. That we imagine the moral world-order to be no more than a man-made abstraction is due to the fact that we take cognisance only of the physical world, tracing everything back there from effect to cause; we can, however, equally well recognise this law at work in the spiritual world; only there we have to trace the effects, as they show themselves in one life, back to causes in an earlier life on earth. In other words, we need to know the level on which the law of cause and effect has to be applied to human destiny.
Now all that sounds very well, someone might say, but as things are, men have not this spiritual knowledge of which you speak; only a researcher in the spirit can see into the spiritual world-others must be content with the words and ideas in which he clothes his perceptions. To this I would reply: To paint a picture, one must be an artist; but to experience the beauty and inner content of the picture one need not be an artist, one has only to approach the picture with a sincere and open mind. It is the same with spiritual knowledge. In order to “paint” in ideas, one must be a researcher in the spirit; but once the picture is painted, it stands there for others to behold. And if these, who are not themselves “artists”, are free from prejudice and are sincere seekers after truth, they will receive health and healing from the descriptions of the spiritual world.
We are actually, at the present day, in a peculiar position in this respect. Spiritual Science, in the sense we understand it here, is, comparatively speaking, a new thing in our civilisation. The person who is able to represent it from immediate experience, stands alone; and all he can do is to clothe it in words and ideas, and impart these to his fellow men. It might even be thought that what he has to say concerns himself alone! In any case, that is how the position is to-day. One earnestly hopes it will soon alter, for Spiritual Science has power to quicken and awaken man inwardly. As things still are, however, mankind remains to-day a recipient only of spiritual knowledge.
For him who acquires spiritual knowledge, the case is very different. There comes a point where he has to undergo a pain with which no other pain can be compared. It is at the moment when he passes beyond his own spiritual experience between birth and death and launches out into the vast ocean of eternity in which we shall he when we have gone through the gate of death, and in which we were before we descended through birth to physical life on earth. An indescribable pain is involved in leaving, on the path of knowledge, the world of the physical senses, and entering the world of the spirit. The whole being is, as it were, steeped in pain. And now a remarkable thing happens. At first the higher knowledge seizes hold of the traveler in his entire being; but then, it wrests itself free of him with unbelievable force and certainty.
Since we have set out in this lecture to show where the personal has place in the path of knowledge, you will allow me, I think, to describe at this point what is, on the face of it, an entirely personal matter. As we shall find, however, what seems most personal in it has nevertheless an impersonal character. It is an experience that can befall anyone who comes into a similar situation.
To begin with, as I said, the knowledge of the spiritual takes hold of the entire human being. Ordinary intellectual knowledge is a concern of the head, the intellect. It is in the head alone that we have to exert ourselves. True, the acquisition of this kind of knowledge often obliges one to sit still for long hours at a stretch, so that one may be glad to break off for sheer weariness! It is nevertheless true to say that ordinary knowledge does not call upon the whole human being. But if we try to acquire, with the aid of the intellect alone, knowledge of the spiritual and super-sensible, it evades us like a dream; its great and far-reaching conceptions slip from our grasp. When we have, so to speak, pressed forward to the spiritual world, when we have passed what is spoken of as the Guardian of the Threshold, we have the greatest trouble to bring to consciousness — not the content; that one can acquire as a matter of knowledge — but the experience.
It is a fact that very many people become able, comparatively quickly, to have experiences in the spiritual world. But presence of mind is needed to grasp these experiences. With the majority of persons it happens that before they can give their attention to some experience, it is gone again. Presence of mind is altogether indispensable for the attainment of spiritual knowledge, as you will know from my book How to Attain Knowledge of the Higher Worlds. When one succeeds in acquiring knowledge of things that are beyond space and beyond time, they seem like a dream, and only with the greatest difficulty can one lift them on to a higher level of consciousness. They vanish-away like a dream if one tries to grasp them with the head alone.
Now it is important for one who speaks about the spiritual world in ideas to have always the spiritual world before him as he speaks; and he can acquire the habit of standing in this way within the spiritual world only if his whole being participates in the knowledge. Everyone will find his own way of doing this. I, for example, find it necessary to fix the results of spiritual knowledge by jotting down either brief notes or symbolical drawings. I need hardly say, I mean by this nothing of a mediumistic nature, but a perfectly conscious and deliberate action. Putting down some note at once ensures that the activity is not confined to the head alone but is shared in by the whole human being. It is of no consequence whether later on one refers to these notes: the point is, to make them. I can assure you I have used up whole cartloads of notebooks in this way and never looked at them again. What has been seen in the spiritual world is more strongly retained when the experience is allowed to flow into an impulse of will that leads to the activity of writing; for ultimately, all depends on experiencing the truths of the spiritual world — let me say — ”organically”, experiencing them with one's whole being.
Initiation-knowledge of the present day has perforce another characteristic, which need not continue indefinitely and was not present in earlier and other paths to initiation. I mean the following. Suppose one has produced some spiritual knowledge, and later on has occasion to come back to it. If one is, let us say, as old as I am, and produced some 40 years ago much of what one has to communicate, then as far as the inner spiritual activity is concerned, it is almost as though one had to deal with something one was reading for the first time in an old book. Please understand me aright. Knowledge one has oneself produced many years ago becomes as strange to one as a book one has never seen before. It is not remote in the way that we feel abstract knowledge to be remote, bin spiritually it severs itself from one. A man who stands outside initiation-knowledge, may feel how this knowledge, when he receives it, becomes united with his very being; but for the one who has produced it, it separates itself from him; he feels as if he had before him another human being.
Many a book, I assure you, by one or other of our friends, strikes me as more familiar than the books I wrote myself in earlier years. In fact, I read these only when I must: for instance, to revise them for a new edition. The teaching of the spiritual researcher severs itself from him and becomes objective; he is quite unable to feel any particular pleasure or satisfaction in it — as one might naturally expect in other circumstances! This has nothing to do with the knowledge as such; it arises only from the fact that one is obliged in the present day to attain the knowledge in solitude. In earlier limes, when the path of initiation knowledge was far more instinctive and less conscious, it could not rightly be pursued in solitude. There were societies for the fostering of initiation knowledge. Such societies exist even in our time, but they merely carry on a tradition. If to-day one speaks from direct personal experience in knowledge, one is compelled to stand alone.
How was it arranged in societies of this kind? And how will it be in the future, when knowledge of the spiritual will be received again into civilisation and be called upon to enter once more into all the practical spheres of life? For spiritual knowledge will be able to do this, when once man begins to take hold of it. The societies of which we have spoken were ordered in the following way. An agreement was come to, freely and willingly on the part of all, that one of their number should undertake a particular field of knowledge, another, another field, and so on. One, for example, would concentrate all his powers on inquiring into the influence exercised upon the life of man by the world of stars, another on investigating the path leading from pre-earthly existence into the sphere of the earth.
This plan made it possible for the several fields of knowledge to be investigated in detail. For if it takes ten years to get to know something of the influence of the stars on human life, it takes, not ten years, but a lifetime to explore in detail even a few steps of the way from pre-earthly into earthly life. There was accordingly good reason for distributing among different persons the several realms of knowledge. Each made a deep study of the field of knowledge upon which he set himself to concentrate, and for the rest, allowed himself to take the knowledge from his companions. He had thus the double experience; he knew what it was to produce knowledge himself inwardly, and he had also the experience of receiving knowledge he had not himself produced.
When men learn to be more open-hearted and to approach knowledge with real warmth of soul, then it will afford them the same kind of experience one may have from the painting of a great artist. Man's own natural feeling for reality will enable him to take hold of what lives in the idea he has not himself produced; he will have a direct inner experience of the idea. He will undergo also the pain and suffering of which I told you — all the phases of inner personal experience that come from meeting spiritual knowledge face to face. This can be achieved by one who receives spiritual truths; he can grasp them, take hold of them with the entire forces of his soul. Such an experience is, however, in large measure denied to the spiritual researcher of the present day; he has to forgo it in so far as he produces the knowledge.
The fruits of spiritual knowledge can accrue to those who receive the truths with warmth of heart. And within the societies of earlier times provision was always made for the receiving of knowledge. When a particular field of spiritual research was allotted to one member — or the member chose it for himself — then, as far as that field was concerned, he went without the receiving which gives so much help and enrichment to life; on the other hand he experienced the blessing of receiving, in that he received knowledge from his companions who undertook other fields of research. Something, of the kind must come again in the future.
Do not think I speak out of a desire to attach importance to my own experiences; I want rather to draw your attention to the fact that in order to reap the fruits of spiritual knowledge, one does not need to have produced the knowledge oneself. Let a man follow the exercises — in meditation, concentration, etc. — described in my book, How to Attain Knowledge of the Higher Worlds. Then, if he succeeds in rousing himself to inner activity of soul, and takes but a few first steps towards an understanding of life, his heart will be open to receive what the spiritual researcher can give, and what he receives will unite itself with him in quite an intimate manner, for it speaks directly to the personal in him, and he will find the way, as personal man, to the deep sources of life whence the eternal in his own being is derived; he will enter into the experiences man has in the spiritual world before his life on earth, and into those also that await man when he has passed through the gate of death and come again into the spiritual world. And as he makes this knowledge his own, a second higher man will grow up within him.
On this path of knowledge we learn to feel, as it were, at home in the spiritual world in the way we feel at home in the world of nature, with its secure and stable laws. The fact that we have muscles and bones unites us with nature; our own physical nature makes us feel at home in the physical nature of the world around. And when we begin to apprehend the reality of spiritual conceptions and to see their content as part of the spiritual world, then we begin to feel at home in a divine spiritual world — even as with our body we feel at home in the world of the senses. And it is this feeling at home in the spiritual world that is so important, for thereby we attain to a knowledge of ourselves as having eternal spiritual existence in the eternal divine spiritual world.
For not only is it true that mankind in general is rooted in a spiritual world. Every single human being, just through that which is most personal in him, just through that which he, as an individual, can experience by being on earth in a particular place and at a particular time, is rooted in, and belongs to, a spiritual world which bears the stamp of eternity. As we come to realise this, we begin to feel as though a voice were calling to us: “Make not yourself a cripple in soul and spirit!” For not merely man in general, but each single human being, is relied upon to play his part.
It is also through what is most individual and personal in him that man finds his way to religion, and to all true artistic experience. Hence it is that Spiritual Science leads directly into a religious mood of life. You will find abundant evidence in our literature of how Christianity is deepened, and can stand forth in its true light and in its true being, when we try to understand the personal experiences of the Christ Who appeared in a personal form.
Attaining thus by a personal path to our own eternal being, we know how to give personality its right place and meaning in the world, conscious that each one of us is needed and reckoned upon as single personality. Knowledge of the spirit has become for us a human and personal path in life. We feel inwardly seized and quickened by the content of spiritual knowledge, in the same way that our body is seized and quickened by the power of the blood.
The meaning we have been led to discern in our personal, our individual existence, may perhaps be best conveyed in a picture. A meeting has been called, and we are summoned to attend the meeting, because it is important for just that to be said in it which we alone can contribute. Suppose we take some action which has the result of preventing our being present. We are not there; we — who are expected, who are looked for — do not appear.
Whatever we do and accomplish under the impulse of spiritual knowledge serves, we shall find, to enrich our life; we begin indeed to recognise how our path in life leads always in a direction where we are needed and expected. In the world where spiritual beings are at work, creating and fashioning our individual existence, we begin to see that we are counted upon to do our part, and we understand that the only way we can fulfill what is expected of us and join with our companions in a higher spiritual world, is by following this personal path of life into the spiritual world, and finding within us, as we tread the path, the higher eternal man, the soul and spirit of our being.
Thus does this human knowledge of the spirit bring us face to face with the challenge: Are we going to arrive in that place where it is given to human beings to unite in a common experience of the spiritual — for we are expected there, we are awaited — or, having passed through many births and deaths, shall we come at length to a point where the word of reproach rings out: You were expected, and you did not come!
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“Your vision becomes clean handiest while you look into your coronary heart. Who appears outdoor, desires. Who seems internal, awakes.” – Carl Jung
There is a part of you that sees the whole lot. It notices and records everything that occurs on your environment. And it will accept as true with some thing all people tells it. If you talk into the microphone of a tape recorder, it’ll file your voice and the entirety you assert. If you rewind and playback the recording you may pay attention your voice and every word you stated simply as you stated them. You may have successfully said your 인천 호빠 call, age, height and weight but you could have also incorrectly stated that the sky was purple, water is dry, that motors have wings and may fly. It would not rely if what you stated become genuine or fake. The tape recorder does not care. It does not prevent to accurate you and let you know ‘No, the sky isn’t always crimson, it is blue. It does not do this. The tape truely keeps rolling on recording phrase for phrase, anything you assert. Now the tape recorder, even though it plays lower back the sound of your voice, is honestly an digital device that makes use of an electro magnet to transform the vibrations of sound waves right into a magnetic field that is stored on a magnetic tape. That part of your self that capabilities very much like the tape recorder is your sub conscious thoughts. It sees, notices, and information the entirety. And, like the tape recorder, your unconscious would not care about the phrases you use, it’s miles the feeling, the vibration behind the phrases that your unconscious selections up, interprets, shops after which plays back to you as the life you enjoy. Words are symbols, and that they characterize some meaning or experience we want to deliver. It is the essence, the sensation vibration in the back of the image that your unconscious mind is aware and data, now not the word itself.
The subconscious can also be likened to a factory window, thru which the solar shines, the blue sky and the city’s skyline may be seen. This window is like another window, equal clear glass with the same characteristic. The only difference with this window, from all of the different home windows within the global, is its setting, its environment. Over time, the smoke in the factory accumulates as a thick, black movie at the floor of the window, diverse chemicals and even paint can also have splashed across its floor through the years. The rays of the solar no longer shines through, simply an opaque subtle light is visible through the movie, and the city’s skyline, despite the fact that nonetheless there, is no longer seen. Now there’s a factory worker who from the time of his delivery, has no longer only worked on this manufacturing facility, however lives, eats and sleeps there. In truth, he has in no way left the insides of the room wherein he works. The larger global, the actual international, is out of doors that window. The film and snap shots on the window colours and distorts his view. Through the film he handiest sees shapes and the vague outline of the skyline. He receives a distorted picture of the world outdoor, and consequently, defines truth and himself for that reason; his identification being formed in general in relation to those matters within his instant environment. Over time, the unconscious mind accumulates a myriad of impressions, reminiscences and statistics. And, just like the window, if it hasn’t been wiped smooth, what’s past it may now not be visible or fully perceived. We lose our connection to, our capacity to understand, a bigger truth.
So then this unconscious mind has been seeing and recording things from the beginning, from the time of your start and hasn’t forgotten. It is sort of a magnetic tape that has recorded the entirety that has ever befell to you. Your lifestyles story is recorded on tape and is being played returned to you, reminding you continuously who you observed you’re. The tale of who you’re is replayed time and again in your mind. Although you may now not be privy to the ones thoughts, you are given clues as to what they may be by means of the matters acting around you. They are bodily symbols, manifestations of your thoughts. Your mind, having power, have attracted to you the ones things of like electricity and are clues as to the vibration your mind resonate.
Remember, your parents taught you. They informed you matters. And a lot of those matters they taught you had been subconscious, on both their element and yours. When your mother abruptly reacted to the cockroach crawling in the food and stated, ‘Ugh!, my God. There’s a roach inside the food. Get me out of right here. I do not want whatever. I’ve lost my appetite’. You felt that. You not handiest heard the phrases, but your subconscious mind saw the expression on her face, felt the vibration at the back of her phrases, decoded their hidden meanings, and recorded them each at the identical time. This incident left an influence in the malleable stuff, the magnetic tape that is your unconscious mind. Because you have been a infant and had no longer yet evolved the rational questioning potential this is the feature of a mature ego, you felt your mom’s disgust and that feeling changed into imprinted, internalized for your psyche with none aware concept or choice making method made in your component.
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Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
December 11, 1999
Explanation: The unassuming star centered in this sky view will one day be our next door stellar neighbor. The faint 9th magnitude red dwarf, currently 63 light-years away in the constellation Ophiucus, was recently discovered to be approaching our Solar System. Known in catalogs of nearby stars as Gliese 710 it is predicted to come within 1 light-year of the Sun ... a million years from now. At that distance this star, presently much too faint to be seen by the naked eye, will blaze at 0.6 magnitude - rivaling the apparent brightness of the mighty red giant Antares. Ultimately Gliese 710 poses no direct collision danger itself although its gravitational influence will likely scatter comets out of the Solar System's reservoir, the Oort cloud, sending some inbound. This future stellar encounter was discovered by researchers Joan Garcia-Sanchez and Robert Preston (JPL), and collaborators while studying stars in the solar neighborhood using data from the Hipparcos Astrometry Satellite. The star field shown is based on the Palomar Digitized Sky Survey and is 1/4 degree wide (about half the diameter of the full moon).
Authors & editors:
Jerry Bonnell (USRA)
NASA Technical Rep.: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply.
A service of: LHEA at NASA/ GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U.
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Weather extremes are impacting alfalfa hay in southern Minnesota.
Farm management analyst Kent Thiesse says April and May were cold and wet, while June was hot and dry.
“The volume of the hay was very good in many areas I think because when you get wetter weather like that, and I think the first cutting was probably a little later than normal because of the cool weather in May. But then when it warmed up in June I think it was a challenge in some areas, especially in early June, getting the crop harvested.”
He tells Brownfield the heat and dryness hurt recovery in second crop hay.
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a) To the Holy Mass
Dear Sisters and Brothers in Christ,
Welcome to Saint Dominic’s Parish Church for the Sunday Holy Mass celebration. The Word of God in the Second Sunday of Lent is characterized with the Lord’s epiphany—the divine glorious apparition—on the high mountain.
This spectacular event happened in order for the disciples’ faith in Christ to be strengthened before they face the Paschal Mystery.
We, too, need the Lord’s help in preparation for the celebration of Easter Sunday when we solemnly acclaim Christ’s Rising from the dead.
Kindly all stand for the entrance hymn.
b) To the Readings
- First Reading: Gn 22:1-2.9a.10-13.15-18
The patriarch Abraham obeying divine order offered God Isaac, his only son, as a sacrifice of praise. His devotion and dedication without reserve to God’s Holy Will has gained for him the great title of “the father of all who believe.”
- Second Reading: Rom 8:31b-34
The fact that God the Father gave His Only Beloved Son for the salvation of the human race assures the truth that together with the gift of Christ all divine blessings are also granted to us.
B. Hymns for Holy Mass
a) “Lord, Who Throughout These Forty Days” ES #77
c) “Christify” ES #219
d) “You Are The Healing” ES #211
e) “Open My Eyes” ES #207
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Let’s be honest: writing is hard. But sometimes we take things a little too far, and make it 100 times harder.
If you’re struggling, it might be because you’re making this whole writing thing harder for yourself than it needs to be, and you might not even realize it.
You’re too worried about small details
Something that’s really difficult about writing in general is learning how to look at your piece as a whole and focus on small details at the same time. You know you want to write a feature article, for example. But you’re so focused on describing your subject’s outfit that you become overwhelmed with trimming and organizing your quotes and secondary source material. Or, you’re trying to write a novel, but you get too caught up in an extended metaphor, and your dialogue suffers.
Let the small things go, for now. There’s a time and a place for refining details, but sometimes you need to lay out the big picture before tying everything together. This goes along with the general rule that self-editing while you write is more like self-sabotage. You don’t have to get everything right the first time. You’re going to spell things wrong, and forget a character’s name, you might even get a fact wrong. Fix it later. Build up your foundation first.
You’re trying too hard to write a “good” story
For some reason, writing has the power to turn type Bs into obsessive perfectionists. You might start obsessing over doing things exactly right, or rewriting passages to make them “better.” The problem is, you can become so focused on writing something good that you never end up writing what you sat down to write in the first place.
Don’t worry quite so much about writing something “good.” While there may be plenty of elements that go into crafting a really great story, what’s most important is that you write something. Something you enjoy writing; something you are proud of. Sit down, write it and finish it. You can always go back and improve something that’s already written, but you can’t spend all your time trying to write something better when you don’t have a finished story to improve upon.
You’re too concerned about what’s “trending”
So you really want to finish writing your zombie apocalypse novel. It’s the best thing, in your opinion, you’ve ever written. Getting to work on it is the highlight of your day. But when you tell someone about what you’re working on, they matter-of-factly inform you that zombie apocalypse novels aren’t “the thing” anymore. What’s the point of writing something a publisher is never going to buy, just because the prime time for zombie apocalypse literature has long since come and gone?
The point of writing that thing is that it’s something you want to write – and something you ENJOY writing. Yes, if and when you break into writing as a business, what’s “in” and what’s not will become more important. But that doesn’t mean you have to stop yourself from writing something you want to write, or that you should write something just because you think it will be popular. Sometimes, writing what comes naturally to you is how you produce some of your best writing. It doesn’t always matter if it never gets published. Writing can, and should, still be genuinely enjoyable sometimes.
Don’t make things harder for yourself when they don’t need to be. Relax. Of course there are times to take your writing seriously and to push yourself a little, but don’t trip yourself up just because you’re too focused on things out of your control, or things you don’t need to worry about right now.
Some days, it’s okay to just write what comes to you – good or “bad;” well-written or messy – let that story out. Make room for plenty more ideas and stories to come. Don’t hold yourself back. You can do this.
Meg is the creator of Novelty Revisions, dedicated to helping writers put their ideas into words. She is a freelance writer and an eight-time NaNoWriMo winner with work published in Teen Ink, Success Story, Lifehack and USA TODAY College. Follow Meg on Twitter for tweets about writing, food and nerdy things.
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Mark 12:1–12 (ESV)
The Parable of the Tenants
12 And he began to speak to them in parables. “A man planted a vineyard and put a fence around it and dug a pit for the winepress and built a tower, and leased
it to tenants and went into another country. 2 When the season came, he sent a servant to the tenants to get from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. 3 And
they took him and beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 4 Again he sent to them another servant, and they struck him on the head and treated him shamefully. 5 And
he sent another, and him they killed. And so with many others: some they beat, and some they killed. 6 He had still one other, a beloved son. Finally he sent him to them, saying, ‘They will respect
my son.’ 7 But those tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 8 And
they took him and killed him and threw him out of the vineyard. 9 What will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the tenants and give the vineyard to others. 10 Have
you not read this Scripture:
“ ‘The stone that the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone;
11 this was the Lord’s doing,
and it is marvelous in our eyes’?”
12 And they were seeking to arrest him but feared
the people, for they perceived that he had told the parable against them. So they left him and went away.
Jesus tells how God deals patiently with people. But eventually, God’s
patience runs out, and every person must face judgment. God planned the death of His Son for the sins of all people. Unlike the story here, His beloved Son rose from the dead on the third day, taking up again the life He had laid down for us, to give us the
Kingdom as a gift.
I pray: “I trust in Him with all my heart; Now all my sorrow ceases. His words abiding peace impart; His blood from guilt releases.” Amen.
Edward A. Engelbrecht, The Lutheran Study Bible (St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 2009), 1683.
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DO MORE, MORE NATURALLY
Conation — the power behind performance — determines your M.O. (modus operandi), and the true culture of any group or organization.
Simply put, conation drives action. Actions drive performance. To understand how you and others achieve peak performance, you need to understand the conative part of the mind.
While philosophers through the centuries discussed the existence of conation, Kathy Kolbe was the first to identify its key attributes and how to measure them. She discovered how you can tap into the deeply imbedded part of the brain that determines HOW you will make decisions and take action — NOT what you wish you would do or have been taught to do.
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When I first heard the word Molinism, I half thought it was some weird inside joke for Christian philosophers. It’s a word that everyone pretends to know what it means that they casually drop in a conversation but never actually explain, right? As it turns out, Molinism is a fairly detailed theory about God’s omniscient knowledge and how it relates with human free will. If God controls everything, do we still have a choice? What is Molinism? Let me break this down for you as best as I can.
Molinism gets its name from Luis de Molina, a 16th century Spanish Jesuit priest. The challenge has been raised for a very long time, how can both God be sovereign, and humans have free will? If nothing happens without God ordaining it, wouldn’t that mean we have no choice in the matter? Molina’s theory pushed back on some of the reformed theologians of the day like Luther and Calvin by proposing a sort of middle ground. Molinism is all about the kind of knowledge God has.
What Does God Know?
Previously, theologians had understood God as having two kinds of knowledge. God’s natural or necessary knowledge would include everything about the world and what could possibly happen. God’s free knowledge would include everything that will happen. Molinism proposes that God has a middle knowledge of everything that could happen under different circumstances. At any time, in any circumstance, what else could have happened? I don’t know how my life would be different if I studied economics instead of communication, but God does. Moreover, Molinism would argue that God knows how things would be different if I was born in India instead of America, or if I was a fisherman in Galilee who Jesus asked to follow him. Molinism believes that, much like Dr. Strange in the Avengers, God knows every outcome and what it takes to win.
Why Does this Matter?
This middle knowledge allows for an important distinction. It means that God is sovereign because he put the pieces in place, knowing how they would react, and what circumstances needed to be created for his plan. However, this also means that we still have the freedom to make our own decisions. Though he did not cause me to sit down and write about Molinism, he knew that under the circumstances that I would choose to write about Molinism.
This would mean we are still accountable for our own decisions, so I better not mess this post up. This understanding of how we will react also plays a part in objections about those born in other cultures. Would I still be a Christian if I was born in Iran? At least theoretically, God knows the answer and ordained that I be born here instead. Thus he can still control history while we still have freedom. Whether or not this theory is true, or even necessary, is still being discussed and debated, but it is good to have a basic understanding of it.
Discuss your thoughts for this post on our Facebook Group here.
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Corns and Callosities Treatment in Delhi
Corns and Callosities Treatment Overview: Treatment, Procedure, Causes, Cost, and FAQs
Corns and callosities are thick hardened layers of skin that develop due to friction and pressure. They most often develop on the feet, toes, hands and fingers. Corns are smaller than callosities and have a hard centre surrounding by inflamed skin. Corns tend to develop on the tops and sides of the toes and even between the toes. They can be painful when pressed while callosities are rarely painful. Callosities usually develop on the soles of the feet especially under heels or balls or palms and knees. Callosities vary in size and shape and are often larger than corns.
Wearing ill fitting shoes: Tight shoes and high heels can compress areas of your feet. In loose shoes also, the foot may slightly rub against the shoe.
Playing instruments or using hand tools.
Balancing bars in the gym.
Foot deformities such as bone spurs, hammer toe and bunions can also increase the risk of corns and callosities.
Our expert doctors examine your feet and first rule out other causes of thick skin such as warts and cysts. Treatment usually involves avoiding the friction and pressure. Wear properly fitting shoes. Using protective pads and applying moisturizer to the hands and feet to help in protecting the skin. Other measures include soaking hands and feet in warm water and wearing padded gloves when using hand tools and gym equipment.
Your dermatologist can pare down the thickened skin or trim the corn with a scalpel in the clinic. Do not try this at home else it could lead to any complications. We also recommend you to use occlusive creams and ointments to dissolve the corns. These creams include urea, salicylic acid and lactic acid. Any underlying condition such as diabetes or any other condition such as poor blood flow are also assessed and treated. In some cases, corn enucleation may be required.
Book An Appointment
We are taking full precautions at the clinic against COVID-19. Online and Physical consultations are available to assist our patients.
Book an appointment by calling on the given numbers:
Patel Nagar: 011-47062167, +91 9716686756
Online consultation timings
Monday - Sunday : 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM
Thursday : Closed!
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Diarrhea is actually quite common in puppies and can vary from one or two mild episodes that resolve quickly to severe gastrointestinal signs that may indicate a more serious illness.
Is it normal for puppies to have soft stool?
Soft stool can be normal in healthy puppies, but if a puppy that normally has firmer stool starts having soft stool monitor the change for 24 hours. If the soft stool continues for more than 24 hours or becomes diarrhea contact your advisor or area coordinator and start fasting the pup.
What causes loose stools in puppies?
Young puppies are prone to parasites. Whether they are born with parasites or pick them up from the environment, parasites like roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, coccidia, and giardia all cause diarrhea in puppies and all require veterinary attention.
How can I firm up my puppy’s stool?
If you have checked the feeding amount is correct, cut out treats and spaced the meals and your dog is still producing soft poo the addition of just a couple of tablespoons of cooked carrot, sweet potato or squash to their meal can work wonders in firming up their poo.
Why is my puppy’s poop not solid?
If your dog’s poop seems soft and loose, it may just be an indication of a change in diet, or it may mean your dog has been eating things they shouldn’t be eating. If you’ve changed your dog’s diet recently, monitor changes in poop. You may have to alter the diet if it doesn’t improve.
Why does my dog have diarrhea but is acting normal?
If your dog has just had one episode of diarrhea and is otherwise behaving normally, it’s usually not a cause for concern. Keep an eye on your canine companion’s bowel movements and see if things clear up.
When should I worry about loose stools in dogs?
If your dog has loose stools that last beyond a few days, has episodes that come and go, has stool that is very watery or bloody, or has any additional symptoms — such as vomiting, weight loss, loss of appetite, or lethargy — take your pet to see your veterinarian without delay.
What should puppy poop look like?
A healthy puppy stool should range from medium to a chocolate-brown color. Any color besides brown should be alarming. A dog’s normal digestion involves the gall bladder releasing bile juice to help break down the food.
Why is my dog’s poop so soft?
Soft-Serve Dog Poop
This type of stool can be a sign that the pet’s microbiome is not balanced. “This can occur if the dog gets into garbage, is eating things in the yard, or is eating other things that are not typical to his or diet,” says Dr. Rossman.
Does wet dog food cause soft stool?
The most common cause for soft stools or diarrhea is overfeeding—regardless whether you feed dry or wet food. Start with smaller amounts and increase slowly.
How many times a day should a puppy poop?
It is not uncommon for a puppy to defecate 5-6 times per day. Some will eliminate even more frequently. The good news is that the pace of pooping will slow down as the dog matures. Although a 2-week-old puppy may defecate at every feeding, by 12 weeks, they may be down to only 4 times per day.
What Colour should a puppy poop be?
unhealthy based on color. Brown: A healthy pup’s bowel movements should be chocolate brown in color. Green: Green stool could indicate that your dog is eating grass, perhaps to soothe an upset stomach. Black or maroon: This could be a sign of bleeding in the stomach or the small intestines.
How much should u feed a puppy?
Puppies should be fed three to four times a day therefore if you are currently feeding ¾ a cup of puppy food twice a day you should consider spacing it out by feeding ½ cup three times a day.
Does kibble make puppies poop more?
New Study: Kibble Fed Dogs Produce 3 Times More Poop Than Human Grade Fed Dogs. Less waste in, less waste out.
Can kibble cause diarrhea in puppies?
Change in Kibble
A sudden change in diet can upset your dog’s stomach and intestinal tract, leading to diarrhea. The usual rule of thumb is a gradual change if you are switching your dog’s food.
How often should my 8 week old puppy poop?
Potty Behavior for 8 Weeks Old Puppies
A puppy that is 8 weeks old is going to need to urinate about every three hours. With a puppy, it’s also common for them to have to poop within 30 minutes after eating a meal. Most puppies will also poop somewhere in the range of two times to four times per day.
How often should a 10 week old puppy poop?
10 week old puppies can continue to eat 3 to 4 times a day so that they receive their daily nutritional needs in order to continue to grow and develop normally. They will need to poop every 3 to 5 hours. This means your 10 week old puppies should poop four (4) to five (5) times a day.
What healthy dog poop should look like?
It should be brown, solid but a bit squishy, in one log-like piece, and sized proportionate to the amount of food your dog ate. That’s why although everyone poops, including your dog, taking a closer look at what comes out can give you insight into your dog’s health.
How do I know if my puppy is eating enough?
Puppies need to eat a lot–and not too much. You should be able to feel but not see their ribs, and they should have a visible waist when you look down at them. This is true for puppies of any breed, big or small.
What are the best times to feed a puppy?
The best time for your puppy’s first meal is around 7 a.m., noontime for lunch, and 5 p.m. for dinner. The last meal should always be around 5 p.m. so that he will have ample time to digest his food and eliminate one last time before bedtime.
How often should an 8 week old puppy eat?
As mentioned above, 8 week old puppies should eat anywhere from 3-4 times per day. They can stick with that same schedule until they are about 3 months old.
Can you mix wet and dry dog food?
As each type of diet has its own range of benefits, a lot of owners find the best method is to give their dog a mix of both wet and dry together. This mixed feeding approach means dogs get to enjoy the advantages of both wet and dry dog food.
How many times a day should a raw fed dog poop?
Dogs will usually eliminate 1x/day when eating a raw food diet. This is normal. If you feed 2x/day, they may eliminate 2x/day. If your dog eliminates only every other day, I would not be concerned or make adjustments.
How long does a dog usually have diarrhea after changing food?
Most pet’s suffering from diarrhoea due to a change in food will recover within 1-3 days.
What can I give my 8 week old puppy for diarrhea?
Offer cooked plain white rice or plain, soft, cooked macaroni in a no-salt chicken broth. For more flavor, you can stir in a tablespoon of low-fat cottage cheese or plain yogurt. Yogurt contains beneficial bacteria that can help rebalance the disruption caused by diarrhea in your puppy.
What foods cause loose stools in dogs?
Avoid foods that can trigger diarrhea in dogs, such as:
- Milk or dairy, especially if not non-fat or low-fat.
- Fatty or rich foods, which can also cause pancreatitis. Symptoms of pancreatitis include other gastrointestinal signs such as vomiting, abdominal pain and/or decreased appetite.
Do puppies poop after every meal?
Most puppies eat three to four meals a day while they’re growing and they’ll have to pee and poop after each meal. For younger dogs, wait about 20 minutes after a meal to take him outside to potty. The younger the puppy, the sooner you should take him out after a meal.
How often do puppies need worming?
Puppies should be wormed every two weeks until twelve weeks of age, then monthly until six months of age. Once they have reached six months of age, a puppy can transfer onto an ‘adult’ worming schedule. All adult dogs need to be wormed every three months for effective protection.
Should I wake my 8 week puppy up to pee at night?
Then the answer is YES. You should wake your puppy up to pee at night! Once a puppy reaches 4-6 months old, they will have almost a full-sized bladder and are able to hold in their urine for longer. With proper potty training, you and your dog might get through the night without wet incidents.
How many times a day does a 12 week puppy poop?
A 12-week old pup is well developed and should be able to control their bowel movements much better. How often do puppies poop? Expect a defecation rate of up to 2-4 times a day for a 12-week old pup.
How many times a day should a puppy eat?
Toy-breed puppies will need 4 to 6 meals per day for the first three months of their lives. Medium-breed puppies will require three meals per day, and large-breed puppies typically need 3 to 4 meals per day. Though the breed is an important consideration, metabolism and energy levels can vary by up to 30 percent.
How often should a puppy drink water?
Generally, young puppies need about one-half cup of water every two hours. You’ll want to monitor your puppy to make sure he’s drinking enough . . . and not too much. Older puppies that have already been weaned generally need between one half ounce and one ounce of water per pound of body weight per day.
Should you free feed a puppy?
Growing pups need more calories, fat, minerals, and protein than adult dogs and should eat high-quality food formulated just for their age. Choose a food consisting mostly of meat and avoid unnecessary additives, such as dyes and flavors. Free feeding works for some puppies, but feeding schedules usually work better.
Should I feed my puppy more if he seems hungry?
The most obvious reason for your hungry puppy is this: They’re growing! Your puppy is going to be hungry and will need a lot of nutrition as they grow. However, keep in mind that it’s easy to overfeed your puppy through this early stage. A puppy will eat more than an adult dog.
Can a puppy go 8 hours without water?
The general rule of thumb is that your dog can survive approximately 72 hours without water, but after the first 24 the effects of dehydration will start to present.
How long should puppies go between meals?
Dogs should eat at least two meals each day, about 12 hours apart. But a breakfast, lunch, and dinner schedule is an equally great option. If more than 12 hours elapses between meals, the stomach can become hyperacidic causing nausea.
How much should an 8 week old puppy sleep?
According to the AKC, puppies at 7-8 weeks should get 18-20 hours of sleep per night! Most puppies are weaned from their mother and brought to a new home at this age. This schedule persists until about 20 weeks of age.
Should I ignore puppy crying at night?
Ignoring them at night won’t help them build confidence and may make them worse which isn’t what anyone wants. They need to be taught how to be independent slowly. We would never recommend ignoring your puppy when they cry at night, especially in their first few nights.
Should I carry my puppy out to pee?
A puppy should be taken out immediately after each meal since a full stomach puts pressure on the colon and bladder. After about 8, 9, 10 weeks of age, or when the puppy arrives at it’s new home, the dog should be taught to go potty outside.
When should a puppy sleep through the night?
Puppies typically learn to sleep through the night by the time they’re about sixteen weeks of age. However, puppy owners can expedite the process by employing some tried-and-true dog training techniques, such as crate training. Don’t be alarmed if you bring home a new dog and they struggle to sleep through the night.
Can dogs live on dry food only?
It is entirely acceptable to feed your dog a pure kibble diet. Or you can mix their diet up with some cooked or raw meat, fish, vegetables and rice.
Do dogs get bored with the same food?
No. Dogs actually have fewer taste receptors compared to humans. That means they have less of an urge to eat something different every day. So your dog will not get bored of eating the same food every day.
How long should I soak kibble?
The hotter the water, the faster it will soften the kibble.
It’ll slow down her eating, but it won’t do much for her digestion. Soaking the food for at least ten minutes will likely be enough to soften it without turning it into mush, depending on the temperature of the water and the size of the kibble.
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Vi & Vim Tips & Tricks
Toggle line numbering on:
- set nu OR :set number
Toggle line numbering off:
- set nonu OR :set nonumber OR :set nu!
Creating a Mapping to Toggle Line NumbersEdit
You can also define a mapping to toggle the option, for example:
- nmap <C-N><C-N> :set invnumber<CR>
By pressing Ctrl-N twice in normal mode, Vim toggles between showing and hiding line numbers.
Enabling Line Numbers on StartupEdit
To enable line numbers on startup, simply add the following to your .vimrc
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Connecting to your environment with Browser authentication is useful in the following situations:
- You have a MFA (multi-factor authentication) configuration.
- You are encountering network issues.
- The other authentication methods are not working.
- The site address of the environment is not linked to your windows account (when this scenario occurs with a Microsoft 365 environment, the ShareGate migration tool will set the Authentication to Browser by default).
- You are using Forms Based Authentication.
Note: The app supports most MFA configurations, but if you are having issues authenticating, it is possible that you may need to contact support to validate if your configuration is supported.
To connect with browser authentication, you need the same permissions as when you run the migration or connect your environment. To see what permissions you need for each type of migration, see Microsoft administrative permissions.
- Access your connection screen. This can be done from:
- Enter the address of the site you are connecting to in the Site Address field of the connection panel.
For more details on the connection process, see Connect to SharePoint and Microsoft 365.
- In the Authentication dropdown, select Browser.
- Click Connect.
- A Browser Authentication window will now open.
- Note: This is a secure Microsoft authentication session.
- Enter either the email address, phone number, or Skype address which is associated to your account.
- Note: The email associated with your account is usually your work email, if you are associated to an organization. If you forget your credentials, you can click the Can't access your account? button which will take you through steps to recover them quickly and securely.
- Click Next.
- You will now be signed in, and have access to your site(s).
If you are experiencing difficulties connecting to your environment, you can see our Connection troubleshooting section.
Tip: You can also use Browser authentication with PowerShell. For more information, see Connect Site.
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Hemp imports were pointed out as a major chauffeur for Congress ballot in 2014 to accredit restricted testing with the plant after years of head-scratching plans permitting hemp to be dealt in the USA– as long as it was expanded elsewhere.
However hemp exports have actually expanded significantly since.
Hemp imports expanded 82% in the initial year after the flow of the 2014 Ranch Expense, from $42.9 million in 2014 to $78.1 million in 2015.
Hemp imports remained to climb up after hemp permission was broadened 4 years later on.
In 2015 the UNITED STATE imported an approximated $87.8 million in hemp, according to the 2021 Hemp & &CBD Factbook.
Non -CBD hemp imports right into the USA expanded by 10% in initial 10 months of 2020, contrasted to the exact same duration in 2019.
The worth of inbound deliveries of hempseed with October leapt almost a quarter contrasted to 2019, while the worth of raw hemp imports jumped by greater than a 3rd.
The 10-month worths for these 2 groups surpassed the full-year worths for 2019 as well as balanced out serious decrease in the import of hempseed oil as well as oilcake in 2020.
According to the International Profession Payment, Canada continued to be the leading resource for hemp imports in 2020, providing greater than 85% of inbound non-CBD items in the 10 months finished October.
China, Romania, the Dominican Republic as well as Poland completed the leading 5 nations providing hemp fiber, fabric as well as seed items to the USA throughout that duration.
Contrasted to 2018, Lithuania, Germany as well as Bolivia were brand-new participants to the leading 10 checklist of hemp-exporting nations in 2020.
A lot more unique knowledge regarding the hemp market is readily available in the Hemp & & CBD Market Factbook 2021 Version. It gets on sale right here.
The declarations made worrying these items have not been examined by the Cuisines as well as Medicine Management. The efficiency of those goods has actually not been validated by FDA-approved evaluation. These products are generally not implied to detect, take care of, solution, or deter any kind of ailment. All information discovered right below will certainly not be implied as a different option to or various from information from health treatment specialists. Please look for the guidance of your health treatment competent regarding possible communications or various achievable problems previously than making use of any kind of item. The Federal Cuisines, Medicine as well as Appeal Act needs this exploration.
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Andre Eyl's distinctive style, a combination of subject matter, bold composition, heavy texture and vibrant color is instantly recognizable. His work is prized by collectors throughout the United States, Europe and South America. In each piece, Eyl imparts to the viewer a sense of drama in the historical saga of conflict and harmony between cultures, often using icons to provide a more obvious context.
Eyl's work reveals an indebtedness to the visual elements of a number of artistic periods, including the Cubism of Picasso and Braque and Russian Constructivism. But Eyl's technique, fostered over the years at several West Coast institutions, tends to pair images down to elemental patterns and shapes in order to allow Eyl to emphasize his fascination with bold color and rich texture. "I am irrevocably drawn to anything with texture," says Eyl.
Each of Eyl's pieces is thoughtfully composed using various hand-cut templates and stencils to juxtapose his freeform abstract paintings. But, says Eyl, the element of chance always enters the picture when rendering a work. "If I know exactly how the painting will turn out, then there is no point in painting. At some level, I must be surprised by the final result."
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We were recently contacted by a client about competitive compensation for directors in private companies. As we explored the needs of the company and the roles that board members were undertaking we realised that we had been asked the wrong question.
The presumption was that board directors in a private company served the same purpose as in a public one. Nomenclature being the same it was assumed that duties and obligations were the same. The fact is that they serve quite different purposes.
The role of director in a public company is mostly generic, representing the interests of shareholders within a well regulated structure. They may be expected to bring industry or other specialized experience to the Board but their primary role is clear and there are well established schools with the purpose of educating prospective directors how to operate within this structure. We have fallen into the habit of using the same title for a person who may sit on an advisory panel for a private company or partnership and that of a director in a public company. They may have very different purposes.
Let’s look at some of the reasons why a private company may want a board:
Represent Shareholder Interests
This is not the same role as in a public company. It doesn’t involve regulated compliance. A public company needs to observe a set of disclosure, policy and accounting rules to ensure that widely dispersed shareholders can compare alternative investments and assess investment risk.
Directors in a private company are more likely to have a role created for a specific purpose. For example in a family owned and managed business they may oversee the family’s participation in the management, to ensure that family managers are paid commercially and not otherwise advantaged, or they may represent the interests of family shareholders not involved in management, in major decisions. They may also have a role in ensuring that family members appointed to management positions are done so based on their abilities. In other circumstances the role may be to ensure the family’s legacy or fortune is managed conservatively without undue risk. These are different responsibilities and require different skills than might be required for a board position in a public company.
Provide Business Advice
Many private companies are the result of a lifetime’s work of one or two founders who have had no opportunity to work in other companies or industries. The purpose of an advisory board in these circumstances could be to bring specific insights from other businesses or industries. The type of advice is likely to be far less specific than say that that could be obtained from a consultant or subject matter expert. Sometimes such input is obtained by the CEO by participating in peer-to-peer groups (e.g. The YPO) but on reaching a certain size or complexity founders often want an advisory panel dedicated to just their company, to help take it to the next level. The frequency of meetings and agenda is likely to be quite different from the groups that meet to represent family interests.
A private company may need to transition ownership to the next generation of the family, to members of senior management or even a sale to a third party. The amount of work and time involved in this endeavour will be substantial and a major distraction from the day to day running of the business. Most owner managers are completely unaware of the value that their involvement in the business represents. Take them out of the business and its value deteriorates substantially. Having an objective advisory group oversee separation will often secure a higher sales price and will somewhat distance the owner from a potentially emotionally draining exercise particularly where other family members are involved. See Jean MacKinnon’s case study on LinkedIn.
There are other reasons why external oversight may be useful in a private company from time to time and there may be occasions when different inputs are required simultaneously from different sources. Valuable advice can be obtained from professional service firms such as lawyers and accountants but this is often one person’s perspective, sometimes conflicted by their training and may be without the required broad based business acumen. Private company boards for whatever purpose, normally comprise trusted advisers who know the company and who bring a variety of different experiences as needed.
In public companies director compensation is not difficult to assess. In private companies fees paid to advisory boards should reflect the skills needed, their urgency and the value at stake. The question should not be what is the cost of oversight but what is the potential value at stake where advice is required?
Ask us how to establish a governance process for your private or family managed business that will keep pace with your businesses growth.
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From The Post, Zambia
David Livingstone Bicentenary (200th anniversary) UK liaison officer Belinda Hodge has announced plans to develop this event into a world-class festival and draw tourists from all over the world. During a recent media breakfast meeting in Livingstone, Hodge said David Livingstone, the Scottish explorer accredited with being the first European to see and name the Victoria Falls, was committed to exploration, medicine, education and eradication of slavery and was still an active campaigner 200 years later.
Hodge said the event to be commemorated in 2013 would also involve cultural exchange between schools and universities in Zambia and UK. And Livingstone-based David Livingstone Bicentenary 2013 committee liaison officer Frederick Mwendapole said the celebrations would include international arts, cultural and sporting festivals.
“The events to celebrate 200th anniversary of David Livingstone will be held between March and October 2013 in Livingstone. The event will promote Livingstone as a preferred tourism destination as tourists from abroad will come to Zambia and Livingstone in particular,” Mwendapole said. He said Zambia would work closely with several countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region to host the occasion.
“As you may be aware, David Livingstone was born in 1813 and it will be 200 years in 2013 from the time he was born. We are seeking to establish links between United Kingdom and Livingstone in Zambia to mark the bicentenary of David Livingstone. We want to ensure that there is a lasting legacy moving forward from this bicentennial year,” said Mwendapole.
And Zambia Tourism Board (ZTB) tourism services manager Jocelyn Mutinta said the event would help to market Livingstone and Zambian tourism products in general to the outside world. Mutinta appealed to companies to support the event and the marketing of Zambian tourism by helping in celebrating a man who is credited with having first documented the Victoria Falls, and later died in Zambia in 1873 at Chitambo mission.
Livingstone Tourism Association (LTA) member Active Monze said the event was a welcome development because it would go a long way in promoting Livingstone town as a preferred destination for tourists.
Zambia and Zimbabwe will also co-host the 20th Session of the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) general assembly in 2013 in Livingstone and Victoria Falls town.
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(This is an archived old post from the previous version of the page.)
Story-telling games need player’s empathy to work, and yet we rarely have any discussion about it.
Not that I was even aware of the problem until recently. It all changed when I finished Beyond: Two Souls, posted a blog piece, and this question appeared on my Twitter feed:
It bothered me that I had no idea how to answer that, so I started to ask around and made a shocking discovery. Michal, one of the co-founders of The Astronauts and the man I trust with my life, told me he played the game for a few hours and “really liked it”. Once I regained consciousness, I could not stop trying to figure out what the hell was wrong with him.
A fellow designer, Kuba Stokalski from one2tribe, pointed me in the right direction.
Michal and I felt a completely different kind of empathy.
This can get very complicated, or very simple. For this blog post, I choose the door number two. I feel like I am just beginning to understand the concept and how it relates to game design, so let’s make this post about the basics.
Empathy is the capacity to recognize emotions that are being experienced by another sentient or fictional being. So far, so good. Romantic comedies work because through empathy we wish those two fools finally got together at the end. And serial killers are so sadistic because they can temporarily shut off any empathy towards their victims, so torture to them is not the same as torture to us.
Cognitive empathy is all about deliberately understanding another’s perspective or mental state, sometimes up to a point where we fully identify with such person. Understanding why a child cries is one example of cognitive empathy (“perspective taking”) and role-playing Dragonborn is another (“fantasy”).
Emotional empathy is all about being involuntarily affected by another’s emotional state. Feeling uncomfortable because a child cries is one example of such empathy (“personal distress” aka “reactive empathy”), and feeling sad and on the verge of tears when a child cries is another (“empathic concern” aka “parallel empathy”).
Remember when I said this could get complicated? Just a little tease: some people claim there’s a third kind of empathy (multi-dimensional one), and that we can also have dispositional and induced empathy, and that emotional empathy is also called affective empathy, and that…
Aw, screw it, let’s go back to simply talking about cognitive (“I understand/am that person”) and emotional (“I feel with/because of that person”) types of empathy only.
To me, story-telling games were always about me being in another world and me experiencing and feeling things through the protagonist. It was so obvious to me that I did not even look for other ways of experiencing immersion. I mean, games give me the control over the protagonist, so they surely expect me to be that person, right? If the hero of the game jumps, runs, and fires a weapon, it’s only because I did all those things, when I wanted and how I wanted – so the game must be telling me I am that person, right?
In other words, I always role-played. There’s a game to play. There’s a character to play as. Role-play. That’s how I always understood story-telling games. At least I thought I did.
As it turns out, not only I was unaware that sometimes I was actually not role-playing, but merely taking care of the flesh and blood protagonists (from “To the Moon” to “God of War”) – I was also unaware that other people can immerse themselves in story-telling games without role-playing at all.
Let’s talk about the difference between role-playing and care-taking.
The way I played Frogger (not a story-telling game, really, but a good example) was always that I was the frog myself, and I tried to get to the other side unharmed. The description of my experience would include words like “Identification”, “Fear”, and “Survival”.
Of course, experience varies from player to player, so some players may see things a bit differently. For example, rather than taking the role of the frog, players might think their role is to “help” the unlucky frog to safely reach the pond. In this case, “Identification”, “Fear” and “Survival” wouldn’t play any role in their emotional experience; these would be substituted with “Protection” instead. Here the frog is not an avatar, but it simply acts as a character the player has to save/rescue.
Why do some players believe they are the frog, while others believe they are the frog’s friend?
Empathy, of course.
The “frog” players have their cognitive empathy take over (“I am the frog, so I’d better be careful and not die”), and the “frog’s friends” have their emotional empathy take over (“Such a poor frog, I will do anything to help it”).
And exactly the same thing happens with Beyond.
In Beyond, there is at least one scene in which the adult Jodie has an opportunity to have sex with a man. In my play, that never happened. With high cognitive empathy at work, it was me who was Jodie (even though she is a female and I am a man), and I am heterosexual, so I did not go for it. But homosexual males with high cognitive empathy would not have these objections, and both hetero- and homosexual ones with emotional (instead of cognitive) empathy would have no problem with Jodie having sex. Of course, as long as they would be attracted to Jodie’s partner and feel it’s the best course of action for their journey (first case) or if they believed that Jodie herself was attracted to him and the act would make Jodie a happier person (second case).
To sum it up, in Beyond some people were Jodie, and some people were taking care of Jodie. In a game so convoluted when it comes to choices and agency, it was easier for the second group to enjoy the game, as the aforementioned choices and agency might have not been crucial to their immersion.
And then there was a third group, with people who did not give a damn about Jodie at all, and just went through the game enjoying the spectacle, but let’s leave that for later (but assume low levels of empathy of any kind).
But why do some people feel this and not the other kind of empathy when they play a video game?
This is something that is not entirely clear to me because, for better or worse, it’s not just the question of biological predispositions. Let’s start with the fact that empathy is not figured all out by psychologists, and there are many hypotheses about it floating around. On top of that, it seems that people will gravitate towards a certain type of empathy depending on their current mental state (e.g. tough day at work versus happy vacationing) – and they can even switch from one type of empathy to another within the same play session. Finish with the fact that it’s not like empathies are binary – we can feel both types at the same time at various degree of “power” – and what we end up with is one giant question mark.
But it’s not like we’re completely helpless frogs, either.
For example, it’s easier to induce emotional empathy when a game is in third person perspective. We can actually see the character we are supposed to empathize with, so we are more aware this is not “us” and thus our brain is a bit more inclined to increase the level of emotional empathy.
Another example: the more the protagonist is synced with the player’s own beliefs and desires, the smaller levels of cognitive empathy are needed to get the player immersed in the experience. If the character is mentally alienating to the player, people who cannot reach the highest levels of cognitive empathy would not be able to enjoy role-playing such character. This is why silent, amnesiac (or at least baggage-free), or player-created protagonists work so well in role-playing games.
Of course, it’s not like even if we perfectly knew how to induce this or that kind of empathy that things would magically start to work. Look at the movies. Over 100 years of theory and practice in a medium in which empathy plays a crucial role, and yet they still produce one dud after another. Knowledge is just one of the steps, but without creative talent and intuition one cannot get far.
Okay, but why would we even want to induce this or that type of empathy in the player?
Take “To the Moon” for instance. It’s probably one of the most linear games in the history of this universe, and yet it’s one of the best. When I played this game, I was deeply immersed in its world, and I laughed and cried. Looking back after learning about the types of empathy, I suspect one of the reasons why I loved the game so much was that it managed to convert the usual “cognitive empathy” me into “emotional empathy” me. And it achieved that (consciously or not) by, among other things:
a) Having at least two heroes in the story, thus making it clear that it is not about a single protagonist the player might want to immediately identify with;
b) Using a caretaker theme (look at the image above and see a) and b) there);
c) Offering non-3D second person perspective;
d) Minimizing the cognitive load through simple mechanics and UI, and thus freeing up the mental space required for empathy to exist.
By inducing strong emotional empathy, the game engaged me emotionally, and yet managed to get away with its extreme linearity. I was the caretaker (almost literally in that game), and through amazing writing and directing I cared more about what happened next rather than what I wanted to do next. And the interactivity part distinguished it from a movie by allowing me to feel like I am, indeed, a powerful force helping people achieve happiness.
The whole empathy thing is an extremely exciting discovery to me, and obviously I am merely scratching the surface here. So yeah, of course, further research, analysis and synthesis are needed – but I do think the consequences to this approach to the design of story-telling games can be profound. For me, personally, inducing cognitive empathy in the player is critical to the narrative of The Vanishing of Ethan Carter, and being aware of what works in favor of and against such type of empathy I can adjust the design of our game accordingly.
The opposite direction is okay, too. Instead of trying to induce a certain type of empathy, you may want to create a space for most of all types of empathy to work well in your game. If you, say, divide your players into five categories…
…Tamagotchi: high emotional empathy, prefers to affect the narrative either as omnipotent invisible being acting on the desires and beliefs of the protagonist or as a blank slate protagonist acting on the desires and beliefs of fleshed out NPCs. Autonomy is less important to them as long as their actions will produce results positively affecting the protagonist or NPCs.
…Writer: high cognitive empathy, can role-play anyone but it’s easier for them if the protagonist is close to their beliefs, desires, and knowledge of the world, or if the protagonist is a blank slate/self-created one (will replace the protagonist with themselves); providing them with autonomy and agency is crucial, as they wish to execute on and experiment with the perspective taken.
…Distant Witness: low emotional and cognitive empathy, does not really care about emotional side of the narrative or its cohesiveness, but requires a broadly understood spectacle to maintain interest.
…Actor: anything goes, but requires relative agency and autonomy to not hurt the cognitive empathy and fleshed out protagonists or NPCs to not hurt the emotional empathy.
…Plasticine: most common type, fluid emotional and cognitive empathy that can be manipulated by the designer to the desired levels.
…then you can filter your design through such list and see how the game caters to these types of players and what is there to do if you want to broaden the game’s appeal. As a mental exercise, see how Call of Duty caters to all types but Writers and partially Actors.
Finally, let me recommend a few worthy articles for further reading:
Cognitive Load and Empathy in Serious Games. Don’t worry about the “serious games” part, it seems like an odd choice of term for games focused on the immersive narrative experience. But the article will make you aware of the clash of the cognitive load and empathy, both fighting for the working memory space. It is wise not overload that buffer, so this is a pretty useful article to make one aware of the problem, and e.g. design the opening of the game – which is probably the most crucial part of any game – with the issue in mind.
Projecting the Self: Forming Empathy through Ludonarrative Mechanics. Very interesting article about a few possible techniques of inducing empathy. I especially loved the “Incomplete Information” part (another great game using it was The Witcher 2), and the most of “Player-Character Dissonance” (even though I very strongly disagree with the conclusion).
Designing Games to Foster Empathy. Another one that’s supposedly only about a specific type of interactive narrative experiences, but in reality can work for all of them. The goodies begin on page 9, where the authors propose four principles of empathy induction.
The Player and the Game. Have you ever wondered why a movie without any sentient being to empathize with would most likely be boring, but it’s not the case with video games? Answer: empathy. I kid you not, it makes a lot of sense – just read the article.
Finally, I just want to make it clear that this is merely my first attempt at understanding how different types of empathy affect immersion. But I hope that this blog post inspires you to dig deeper and draw (and possibly share) your own conclusions, or at the very least that it makes us aware and take this fascinating phenomenon into consideration when designing our games.
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4 Reasons to Keep Aware of Available Domain Names
The internet has proven to be a major force in the business world. As mobile technology continues to increase in availability and decrease in cost, the opportunities for clever online entrepreneurs to earn continues to grow. The internet is growing and expanding each and every day, which means business owners should check available domain names often and stay in the loop with regards to desirable domains. After all, capitalizing on opportunity has a lot to do with timing and nobody wants that perfect domain to escape their grasp.
Domains are generally purchased and used in annual periods, which means a renewal process occurs on a regular cycle. The trick for buyers and shoppers is to be the first in line when a popular domain becomes available. Regular searches and online alerts help keep the process manageable, and use of social media to stay in the loop is also a big help. A little legwork is required to make sure the purchase can occur, but whenever the perfect chance presents itself buyers must be ready to pounce.
While the internet is a pretty straightforward tool for making money, mistakes in domain names occur regularly. Misspellings, omissions, and transposed letters are something of a regular occurrence for the humans responsible for entering information into the computer. What the process really means is that clever business oriented individuals have the opportunity to make a purchase because of a mistake and generate some income in several different ways.
One particular factor that is always difficult to predict is popularity. Websites go in and out of style on a regular basis, and those popularity shifts can lead to massive discounts on internet related products, which includes domains. Of course, the opposite is true as well, which means a domain worth little today can be worth much more in the immediate future. Shifts in popularity have a lot to do with the trends, and anyone aware of those trends can reap some serious rewards.
Another reason to stay on top of domain name availability concerns potential future projects. If a domain fits a project perfectly and is available, making the purchase before it becomes unavailable makes a lot of sense. After all, prices fluctuate, ideas fade, and projects can take off quickly. Therefore, being ready to ramp up production on a potential project means staying aware of what domains are available.
In the end, checking on available domain names puts potential owners in position to take advantage of sites not renewed, mistakes by publishers, and swings in popularity. Since the whole process requires a few clicks and keystrokes, and internet business can set themselves up for huge gains when the time comes to develop the next perfect site. Because every online enterprise starts with a great domain, keeping up to date with what is happening is of the utmost importance. Timing is everything, but being first in line can be even more important.
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How do I use essential oils safely?
All application methods are safe when used appropriately, according to published dōTERRA® guidelines, including aromatic, topical, and internal methods. One or multiple application methods can be used for a wide range of emotional and physical wellness applications. They can be used a single oil at a time or in blends in one of three methods:
The sense of smell is a tool that can elicit powerful physiologic, mental, and emotional responses. Essential oils are quickly absorbed by the smell receptors, which have a direct link to the limbic system. The limbic system is part of the brain that supports a variety of functions including smell, emotions, behavior, and memory. For this reason, essential oils have an especially powerful effect via aromatic application.
Some essential oils induce uplifting or invigorating effects, while others are more calming. Diffusion is one of the simplest methods for using essential oils aromatically. However, on the go you can achieve the same health benefits by simply placing a few drops of essential oil in the palm of your hand that is then cupped around the nose as you breathe deeply.
Topical application is a very effective method for applying essential oils. Because essential oils have low molecular weights and are lipid soluble, they easily penetrate the skin. Once absorbed, they stay in the applied area for a localized benefit. It is always best to dilute essential oil with fractionated coconut oil prior to application. In fact, when used on the tender skin of children you should always use fractionated coconut oil.
Beneficial Areas You Can Apply Essential Oils:
- Forehead and temples
- Chest and abdomen
- Arms, legs, bottom of feet
When in their concentrated form, essential oils can be used internally for more targeted and potent health benefits, but it is always important to use the published guidelines by dōTERRA®. Internal use is a very safe and effective because of the sophisticated physiologic processes of our bodies. Not all brands of essential oils are natural, so it is important to understand we are not clearing all brands of “lemon oil” for internal use. We are only referring to dōTERRA® essential oils. And even then, not all of the dōTERRA® essentials oils should be ingested.
When ingested, essential oils directly enter the blood stream via the gastrointestinal tract, where they are transported throughout the rest of the body. Essential oils are lipid soluble so they are readily transported to all organs of the body, including the brain. Then, like all things we consume, essential oils are metabolized by the liver and other organs and are then excreted.
While these oils are safe for ingestion, proper dosing according to labeling recommendations and other professional guidelines should be strictly followed.
The Veranda is implementing dōTERRA® essential oils into our integrated behavioral health program in hopes of offering support options and wellness. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease.
Products & Services Disclaimer
*The Veranda is an independently owned and operated care center that may promote, sell, or provide essential oil products. Privia Medical Group is not responsible for these products or services. Privia’s Authorization & Consent to Treat, Financial Policy and HIPAA Notice of Privacy Practices are not applicable to these services or products.
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Support a West Side Linear Trail
Did you know? The City of Bozeman wants to connect Fowler Avenue with Davis Street through pristine areas filled with old-growth trees and wildlife. This road could be as large as 5 lanes that will destroy quiet neighborhoods, decimate natural habitats, and tank property values.
Instead of a noisy, dangerous road, let's use this land to connect the Regional Park with Bozeman Ponds and beyond with a west side version of the Gallagator- an outstanding connector with limited vehicle intrusion.
The west side Gallagator could connect us to existing grocery stores, restaurants, and the post office. It could also be the framework from which other important destinations can be planned for in the future, such as a designated space for a farmer's market. Residents of the west side won't need to always drive to the east side for these amenities- they can walk or bike along our beautiful Fowler Trail!
In short, let's make a commitment to walkability and livability for ALL of us and set a precedent that the people of Bozeman are willing to stand up for what's right and good for people, the animals, and the climate. Let's have a better vision for growth.
You can help by:
- Signing this petition
- Attending the Transportation Board Meeting on Wednesday, July 27, 6 pm at the City Hall Building: 121 N Rouse Ave (we need a lot of people to let them know this is important to many residents!)
- Attending the City Commission Meeting on Tuesday, August 2nd, 6 pm at the City Hall Building: 121 N Rouse Ave
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On January 17, 2015, udn.com published an article on corruption in China’s People’s Liberation Army. On January 15, 2015, a "Deep Throat" or secret informant in the PLA exposed that, when Xu Caihou and Guo Boxiong served as vice chairmen of the Central Military Commission, buying and selling official positions in the military had been unspoken rules across the whole PLA. A commander level position sold for US$1.6 million and a division level position sold for US$160,000. All other army positions were for sale and had specific price tags. The whole army was demoralized. Everyone was busy engaging in relationships and giving out gifts or money to their superiors. According to an open letter to Xi Jinping, the Chairman of the Central Military, "Democratic Evaluation" really referred to the unspoken rules of bribes and bribery implemented in the army.
Source: udn.com, January 17, 2015
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Contingency planning requires managers to establish strategic actions that a business can execute when sales results substantially deviate from company forecasts. This sort of planning comes down to common sense. Companies, to paraphrase Woody Allen, are like sharks. If they don't move forward, they die. Your contingency plan recognizes that your company must advance through an environment that continually changes.
Benefits of a Business Contingency Plan
Effective contingency plans allow companies to react quickly to environmental changes and retain market share despite a competitors' actions. A savvy management team can use it to address shortfalls in revenue or unexpected cost increases in time to minimize the impact on the company’s profitability. These plans also provide a blueprint the business can use to extract maximum benefit from unexpectedly good market conditions.
For example, a mortgage company that sees loan demand rise to unusually high levels in one region of the country will have a contingency plan to quickly open additional sales offices and hire more loan officers.
Required Research for Effective Contingency Planning
A company must develop a system for collecting information about its competitors for contingency planning to be effective. Part of the process is deciding what actions competitors are most likely to take, but the company must also keep track of changes going on internally with competitors. Finding out a competitor has received an infusion of venture capital, for example, would be important information to have. The company predicts how the competitor will use the capital to improve its competitive position, such as stepping up its advertising campaign.
The company will develop a contingency plan to counter or dilute the effect of this advertising. The company also must consider possible changes in the economic environment and prepare contingency plans. There are times when both consumers and businesses pull back on their spending, and companies who serve these markets must know how to react to a downturn.
Getting Started in Contingency Planning
Contingency planning requires the ability to think creatively and strategically, anticipating what can occur that will affect the company’s sales performance. One way companies approach the process is termed “what if" scenarios. An example would be: What will your response be if your chief competitor cuts his prices by 20 percent? The marketing team will have strategic brainstorming sessions, writing down as many of these scenarios as possible, making plans to address those and judging which scenarios have the greatest chance of occurring.
Types of Business Contingency Plans
Tactical contingency planning means having plans in place to deal with the unexpected, such as a new competitor entering the market. The company must also make plans to address sales shortfalls, the first step to isolate the specific causes of the unsatisfactory results and determine how to allocate marketing resources to rebuild sales momentum. Companies may also prepare plans to cope with disasters that can happen, such as power outages or bad weather delaying shipments.
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Sunday Telegraph Cryptic No 2545 (Hints)
Hints and tips by Big Dave
+ – + – + – + – + – + – + – +
No theme this week!
Don’t forget that you can give your assessment of the puzzle. Five stars if you thought it was great, one if you hated it, four, three or two if it was somewhere in between.
Peter Biddlecombe’s full review of this puzzle will be published at 12.00 on Friday, 23rd July.
1a Runs into group for combined meal (6)
Just insert R(uns) into a group to get a portmanteau word for a late morning meal – portmanteau word: Lewis Carroll’s term for a word into which are packed the sense (and sound) of two words, e.g. slithy for lithe and slimy
4a Man’s man, for example, I don’t speak well of (8)
The required capitalisation of the first word is cleverly concealed by its position!
12a Old guy initially was put in very hard bunk (7)
Put the initial letters of Old and Guy, together with WAS, inside the marking on a very hard pencil to get a word meaning bunk or claptrap
13a Information at grass roots level? (7)
… I think the enumeration is more correctly (3-4) not (7), and both Chambers and the OED agree
18a Mammoth perturbing us no more (8)
20a French painter and saintly patron heard distinctly (5)
… is this a bigger version of me?
29a King Lear, for example (6)
Your need to read this as a double definition – “King” and “Lear, for example”, the second one being the poet who popularised the limerick
1d Peremptorily dismiss first of batsmen – get out with pace (5,3)
A phrasal verb meaning to peremptorily dismiss is built up from the first letter of Batsmen and another phrasal verb meaning to move away with urgent haste (get out with pace)
6d Crookedly arranged, like part of our capital (5)
… with the famous botanic gardens
22d Refrain from song about ancient deity (6)
A refrain from a song is built up from the one-letter abbreviation for about and the Falcon-Headed Egyptian God
24d Crack stone in date (5)
A charade of a crack or attempt and the abbreviation for ST(one) as a weight gives a romantic rendezvous between lovers
If you need further help then please ask and I will see what I can do.
Please don’t put whole or partial answers in your comment, else they may be censored!
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In a death-defying maneuver for the spacecraft, NASA’s Juno has completed an unprecedented and unplanned engine burn. The purpose? To save the spacecraft’s “life,” or at least the rest of its mission to Jupiter.
Jupiter casts a deep, dark shadow. Dark enough, in fact, to effectively kill Juno if it flies through it. Rather than let the spacecraft spend 12 battery-draining hours in Jupiter’s shadow, and then attempt a risky resuscitation on the other side, NASA took another course of action: a 10.5 hour burn of Juno’s reaction thrusters that will steer it clear of Jupiter’s life-draining shadow.Continue reading “Juno is Afraid to Death of Jupiter’s Shadow. So it Fired its Thruster for Over 10 Hours to Avoid It.”
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What is spatial?
Spatial information deals with the position, area and size of things. We often interact with spatial information using a map or model of the things we are concerned with.
Much spatial information is about geography, and focusses on things that are on or near the Earth’s surface. However, new technologies are making it easier for spatial skills and technologies to be used in other ways, like mapping the damage to layers of skin in third degree burns.
We use spatial information to understand what is happening, and how doing things differently will improve outcomes.
Spatial information is a broad term for referring to the skills, data and technologies used to create, analyse, manage, interpret and connect information about where things are. Spatial information is at the heart of big data, and is believed to make up about 80% of the world’s information.
Demystifying the technologies
Spatial information relies on location-based services and technologies such as satellites, sensors, drones, lidar, GPS, ground penetrating radar, as well as centuries-old maths-science skills including surveying, mapping, modelling, and geography.
Common spatial information terms include: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), location intelligence, remote sensing, GPS, cadastre, precise positioning, fundamental data sets.
Almost every industry and every person with a smartphone uses spatial information. Many industries are starting to discover how spatial information can transform the way they do things as an industry, and how businesses and society can benefit.
Industries that are already heavy users of spatial information include:
- Construction and property
- Local Government
Industries that are now investing in spatial information include:
- Emergency Management
- Community Services
The jobs and spatial in practice
Spatial skills are applied across a range of industries to jobs such as:
- Weather forecasters
- Risk Managers
- Asset Managers
- Geospatial scientists
- Spatial system developers
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Undertaking a State Visit to China, Mrs Bandaranaike was warmly received by Chinese leader Mao Tsetung, Premier Chou En-lai and senior leaders of the country. In her wide ranging discussions with her counterpart, Mrs Bandaranaike explained the Five Year Plan of her Government. In support of her efforts, the Chinese Government immediately provided Sri Lanka with a long-term loan free of interest. In the area of international relations, Mrs Bandaranaike stressed the proposal for declaring the Indian Ocean a Zone of Peace, a move that was widely supported by China. Discussions also focused on Indochina, Palestine and the situation in the South Asian subcontinent. Mrs Bandaranaike visited Shenyang, Talien and Shanghai during her State Visit.
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The dimming efficiency of LED lighting fixtures depends on the dimming power supply. Nowadays, the most common dimming methods can be divided into 5 major categories: Triac dim, 0-10V dim, 1-10V dim,PWM dim,Resistor dim. This article mainly analyzes the difference between 0-10V dimmer and 1-10V dimmer and their working principle.
0-10V dimming power supply design with control chip, when connected to 0-10V dimmer, change the output current of the power supply through 0-10V voltage change, adjust the brightness of the light, for example: when 0-10V dimmer modulation At 0V, the current drops to 0mA, the light is dimmed to its minimum brightness, but usually a switch is required to turn it off completely.
When the 0-10V dimmer is adjusted to a maximum of 10V, the current will reach the maximum value of the power output, and the brightness will also reach the brightest, and the output voltage will remain unchanged. In a dimming system, “0-10” uses a controller to adjust the voltage on the dimmable light. In brief, the control signal is a DC voltage that varies between 0 and 10V.
But unshielded 0-10V dimmer lines are subject to radiated interference like antennas (from transformers, radio transmitters, motors, etc.), which will cause the lights to flicker.
DC 0-10V output vs dimming input
The 0-10V dimming includes 1-10V dimming. 1-10V is a stable and reliable dimming method for low voltage lamps.The way it works is actually pretty simple.Each lamp has its own separate transformer to control the lamp.when 1-10V dimmer is adjusted to 1V, the brightness of the light is the darkest level, when 1-10V dimmer is adjusted to 10V, the brightness of the light is the brightest level. When the dimming signal voltage is at 1V, the dimmer is darkest, and the lamp is off between 1V and 0V.
The dimming effect of 1-10V dimming power supply has a good safety guarantee. It is linked by transistors to achieve light, and there will be no light flickering phenomenon. 1-10V dimming power supply play a significant role in real life. 1-10V dimming power supply can effectively help adjust the whole system, and achieve energy saving and environmental protection effect.
DC 1-10V output vs dimming input
What is the difference between 0-10V dimmer and 1-10V dimmer?
The main difference between 0-10V and 1-10V is the direction of the current between the dimmer and the driver.
0-10V will be on at 0.3V, 1-10V will be on at 0.7~0.8V, and the lamp will not be turned off completely. The switching power supply is designed with a control chip. When the 0-10V dimmer is connected, the 0-10V voltage changes, changing the output current of the power supply, and reducing the light. For example, when the 0-10V dimmer is modulated to 0V, the current is reduced to 0, its light brightness is also off (has a switch function), when the 0-10V dimmer is turned up to a maximum of 10V, the output current will also reach 100% of the power output, the brightness will also be 100%(The output voltage is Changeless). When 1-10V dimmer is adjusted to a minimum of 1V, the output current is also 10%, such as to 10V (to the maximum), the output The current will also reach 100% of the power output, and the brightness will also be 100%. (The output voltage is constant.) 1-10V has no switching function, and the lamp cannot be turned to the minimum closing function.
0-10V signals are sensitive to external interference. 0-10V wires should not be routed next to power cables or placed next to potential noise sources.0-10V is mostly used for recreational lighting, 1-10V is mostly used for general lighting
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9th March 2014
We investigated the different water sources that are available in Khusumay and found a variety such as water pumps, taps and rivers. Whilst doing the household surveys when we saw quite a few tippy taps but they didn’t appear to be in use. Some of the people didn’t know how to use them or how they could prevent different diseases like diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid. During our household surveys we met a man whose wife is suffering from typhoid, but he didn’t know how the disease was caused. We taught him how to use clean water by boiling it before drinking.
We found it surprising to see people walking 3km to find water. We tried to go to the water pump to collect water to experience how hard it is. It took us almost 2 hours to carry 2 jerry cans (approx. 50 litres) between 6 people.
This week we did some awareness raising in the form of a drama about water and sanitation in different schools in the area. We created a superhero ‘BWANASAFI’ who appeared in the dramas to maintain the children’s attention.
We have begun our construction in the village which involves digging trenches and laying down of pipes for a water distribution system.
DMDD has been working in the village for some time and has done a substantial amount of work promoting water and sanitation. We are hoping to build on this with our awareness raising campaigns. One of the things we have been doing as a team is using a tap which is close to the camp to wash our hands so we can lead by example and the local people will see the tap being used for hand washing.
Whilst living in camp we use purification tablets to ensure the water we are consuming is clean. The team initially found this weird because in the UK the water that comes from the tap is safe to drink, with no purification intervention necessary, whilst the Tanzanians boil the water every day in their homes to make it safe to consume.
This week we attended a village meeting where we did some awareness raising about water and sanitation. We also read them a poem written by members of Charlie 5 called ‘UBAFI NI BORA’ (Cleanliness is something good). Already since the meeting we have met some people who have said they have changed the way purify their water as a result of our awareness raising.
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Digitization, the chief data officer, and the shifting labor story are major trends affecting the commercial market that will have a major impact on government contractors. Here are four things you need to know.
Non-public sector events such as the MIT Sloan CIO Symposium I recently attended often shed light on issues and trends that could affect the future of federal IT. The good news is the public sector is already addressing some of the issues highlighted by this year’s theme, “Thriving in the Digital Economy.”
Here are a few takeaways relevant to the federal government.
Clearly, the digitization of everything has launched a data economy. An excellent session moderated by Barbara Wixom of the MIT Sloan Center for Information Systems Research, for example, discussed the practice of “data wrapping,” which uses data and analytics to enrich product and service offerings. The panelists described the evolutionary paths their organizations were taking to uncover increased value for their customers. It was good to know that the same is starting to happen in the federal space.
With President Obama’s 2013 executive order that made open and machine-readable data the new default for government information, the digitization of government has already taken hold with the open government and open data movements. Data.gov is another great example. In addition, government agencies, particularly regulatory, are currently contemplating what it means to be data driven.
The Rise of the Chief Data Officer
Security, cloud, mobility and other new technologies are turning the CIO world upside down. CIO panelists welcomed the creation of a chief data/digital analytics officer with the role of being a new partner to the CIO.
A few years ago, the term chief data officer (CDO) didn't exist in government. Now the number of CDOs are in the teens. With the addition of chief data scientists, geospatial information officers and others, scores of senior government staff are focused on data. This increased attention can lead agencies to become more data-centric, which can lead to a faster, more effective government.
The Digital Economy is Shifting the Labor Story
Automation in the service and supply chain is driving the adoption of platform business models with rich ecosystems at either end, connecting business-to-business and labor-to-business in new ways. Airbnb, Uber and Amazon Marketplace are good examples.
With this shift, there are winners and losers. The winners are highly-skilled workers who command higher incomes by disintermediating the corporation as the middleman. The losers are lower-skilled workers whose tasks are commoditized. Yes, the workers get increased workday flexibility, but the trade-off is lower wages.
As anyone knows in the IT service sector, today’s labor laws are often at odds with the demands of labor. The morning of the conference, the Department of Labor finalized changes to the Fair Labor Standards rules. These changes increase the salary thresholds significantly for nonexempt workers and remove the exemption for IT workers, thereby making overtime pay required. Will this protect low-skilled workers or hurt them by accelerating the drive to labor commoditization for low paying jobs?
The federal IT sector is behind the curve. Through its contracting mechanisms, it treats almost all IT labor as commodity labor. Contracts are often evaluated by comparing Labor Category rate cards that already have been loaded with hours. Yet, at the same time, the government wants to adopt leading methodologies like agile, Lean, DevOps and the cloud. As the marketplace for IT labor partitions into specialized skills and commodity labor, the federal IT sector finds itself ignoring the specialized skills that are desperately needed to lead the aforementioned adoptions. This applies to the federal workforce, too.
Other sessions dealt with new technology, such as the Internet of Things and blockchain, with the latter being highly attended by financial services firms. Blockchain is a term for the set of data structures and algorithms underlying the Bitcoin application. In theory, blockchain can be applied anywhere a broker exists to provide trust between two or more parties, and it can do so at a lower cost of operation. Blockchain provides a way to automatically determine when digital transactions occurred and in a way that is totally open to inspection by anyone.
Today, Bitcoin is arguably the only viable application of blockchain, but that isn’t stopping organizations from experimenting to find other applications. Some governments, particularly Estonia, have announced they are embracing blockchain for many government records.
What does this mean for the federal government? It could soon see the value of blockchain, especially how it can support applications that include land records, licenses, patent filings, e-Health records and many other official government documents.
The government contracting community always seeks the latest innovation it can deliver. Whether it be a new technology or a new approach to an existing application, we must look to see what other markets are doing and then incorporate their innovations into what we deliver to our customers.
To do this, however, we need to address the innovation adoption curve first. I’ll be first in line for that event.
NEXT STORY: Do you know who your most dangerous employee is?
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How To Detach Yourself From Someone Compassionately
This post may contain affiliate links, meaning I earn a commission from qualifying purchases at no extra cost to you. You can learn more by reading the Disclaimer. I'm grateful for your support!
What it means to detach from someone, and why it might be necessary
In the context of mindset coaching, when we talk about how to detach yourself from someone, what we mean is how to create emotional distance or terminate a relationship. Romantic, platonic, familial, whatever. So often clients will recognize that they deeply desire to detach themselves from someone else, but they get really hung up on how to actually do it.
If you’re asking how to detach yourself from someone, there was probably a precipitating event. But to sum it up, wherever it came from, it reflects a boundary that has been ignored. Usually repeatedly. You start to notice that you don’t feel engaged or uplifted around them.
Why it feels so hard to pull the plug
You might also wonder how to detach yourself from someone when you can’t quite put your finger on why. Something’s just off, or just isn’t there when it used to be. That might be a romantic partner, but it can be a friend or family member too. Sometimes the relationship has just run its course. That’s when it feels hardest to pull back a bit, but it’s because of the thoughts we tell ourselves about what it means about us if we do that. That’s all it is.
For mindset coaching clients and those with a desire for personal growth, we sometimes try to convince ourselves that we need a “valid” reason as to why, before we can explore the how. If we can’t give a “good enough” justification, then we’re just cold-hearted and irrational, right? Wrong. You’re responsible for your own thoughts and feelings, and ultimately your own decisions. If you think you want to create some distance from someone, and you feel good about your own reasons, then you don’t need to explain yourself to anyone.
These resources might support you if you’re having difficulty figuring out how to detach yourself from someone (by the way … no time to read actual physical books? Try Audible instead!):
1. Boundaries: Where You End and I Begin by Anne Katherine, MA
2. Set Boundaries, Find Peace: A Guide to Reclaiming Yourself by Nedra Glover Tawwab
3. The Codependency Workbook: Simple Practices for Developing and Maintaining Your Independence by Krystal Mazzola, MEd, LMFT
Maintaining Integrity and Compassion
You can care about someone and still choose not to have them in your life. But how to detach yourself from someone who fits into this category? How do you maintain integrity and compassion?
Let’s define those things first (using Oxford).
Integrity: The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles
Compassion: Sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others
So when you ask how to detach yourself from someone, those sound like great qualities to strive for. The complication is that they’re very subjective. Sometimes the more compassionate thing is to lie. Sometimes staying in integrity means remaining unconcerned. The point is, it’s gray.
How to detach yourself from someone you still care about
Let’s take a look at an example of how to detach yourself from someone.
Let’s say your boyfriend cheated on you (again) and you’ve decided to permanently cut ties. But you still love him, so that’s hard. And he’s still on your social feeds, he still has your number. He still texts you when he’s lonely or bored or drunk or pick any of the things.
Staying in integrity might look like preparing what you would want to say, and saying it one last time then blocking their number. Having compassion might look like not talking about how disgusting he is with all of your friends. It might also mean referring him to therapy, if he’s having trouble accepting your boundary.
Many years ago I went through this exact scenario. I stayed in integrity (according to my definition). I did not show compassion, however. Again, according to my definition. For a long time, I thought I would have felt better if I’d “nicer” but it was because I was telling myself I was harsh. And probably not as spiritually aware as I wanted to be. What’s important is I recognized those thoughts were creating my uncomfortable feelings, and that’s where the work is. Choosing and practicing new thoughts.
When you detach yourself from someone and feel guilty about it you’re only creating your own suffering.
Be clear, be firm, and be true to yourself.
Learning how to detach yourself from someone often takes (a lot of) practice
Again and again you will have opportunities to learn how to detach yourself from someone. Maybe it’s the same someone, and they keep coming back. The more you clarify what you will and won’t accept, and how you want to show up, the easier this becomes.
When you have your own back and know that you’re a good person even if you’re not someone else’s version of “good” then it won’t feel so painful to cut ties. Be patient with yourself as you learn, and remember that you are in control of your own life and decisions, always.
Emily is a mindset coach and writer specializing in the habits of Millennial and Gen Z high achievers in the areas of money, relationships, lifestyle and travel.
She holds the PCC designation with the International Coach Federation and has been featured in multiple media outlets.
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The email from Denmark was only a few lines long. "It basically said, ’We have an opportunity for you here, but we can’t tell you anything until you sign a nondisclosure agreement," says Steve Hassenplug, a soft-spoken software engineer from Lafayette, Indiana. The cryptic tone of the email from Lego headquarters hinted at something more than a simple customer survey, but Hassenplug didn’t know what.
He guessed it had something to do with Mindstorms, Lego’s programmable robotics kit. After all, he’s a master at assembling the plastic bricks into complex robots, like his wheeled, self-balancing machine dubbed the LegWay, and he’s something of a celebrity in the Mindstorms world. But there hadn’t been a Mindstorms update in nearly four years, and rumor had it Lego might abandon the product altogether.
Intrigued, Hassenplug signed the NDA, received a username and password, and was ushered to a secure online forum. Even there, he found no official information - just an email thread between a few peers: John Barnes, David Schilling, and Ralph Hempel. Hassenplug knew them well from Brickfest, the annual conference where Lego zealots show off their most elegant creations, from massive starships and richly detailed cathedrals to giant bipedal robots. The four Mindstorms experts speculated as to why they’d been tapped and sworn to secrecy. Lego probably needed beta testers for a Mindstorms update.
After lurking for a few days, Søren Lund, the director of Mindstorms, dropped in on the conversation. He told the crew that a revamped kit was, in fact, in the works. But Lego didn’t even have a working prototype. It was way too early for beta testers; Lego needed a Mindstorms User Panel, or MUP, to help with the design. "I was surprised they were so early in their development, and I think everyone else was, too," recalls Barnes, an electronics engineer from Holland Patent, New York. "We realized that our input was going to be a lot more important than we had imagined."
Over the next 11 months, right up to the January launch of Mindstorms NXT at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, the four men were de facto Lego employees. They exchanged countless emails with Lund and his team, reeling off ideas for new sensors, redesigned input ports, and stabilized firmware. The MUPers also met with Lund at Brickfest in the US and at Lego’s Denmark headquarters to hash out specs for the computer that serves as the brain of every Mindstorms creation.
The one key difference between the four panelists and actual Lego staffers: a paycheck. For their participation, Hassenplug and his cohorts received a few Lego crane sets and Mindstorms NXT prototypes. They even paid their own airfares to Denmark. That was fine by Hassenplug. "Pretty much the comment from all four of us was ’They’re going to talk to us about Legos, and they’re going to pay us with Legos?’" Hassenplug says. "’They actually want our opinion?’ It doesn’t get much better than that."
Such loyalty isn’t unusual among the fanboys who’ve swooned over Mindstorms since its 1998 debut. Four years after its release, version 2.0 still sells 40,000 units a year at $199 a pop - with no advertising - and has become Lego’s all-time best-selling product. The market is almost evenly split between parents buying the kit for their budding engineers and grown-up geeks who build Mindstorms robots that can scale walls, solve Rubik’s Cubes, or pick blue M&Ms out of a pile.
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Battle of Jičín in 1866
Do you like military history? Then it would be a pity to miss a stroll along the Battle of Jičín in 1866 educational trail.
The Austro-Prussian War significantly affected lives of Jičín citizens in June 1866. The Battle of Jičín, in which Austrian army succumbed to the better equipped Prussian army, took place on 29th June, just a few days before the decisive Battle of Sadová. Intensive engagements took place in Dílce, Železnice, Prachov Rocks and the centre of Jičín.
It is in the centre of the town – at the Coronation Fountain on Wallenstein square, where the 30-kilometre-long educational trail begins. The trail takes you through the battlegrounds of the Battle of Jičín. Individual stops contain information boards with information in English about specific events that took place on the spot at the time, descriptions of what happened and what was happening in the surrounding villages, and talk about the equipment, weaponry and strategy of each side. You can also learn about leading figures of this war and about the committee that to this day takes care of the monuments of this war. As a part of the Long Weekends project, guided tours along some of the spots that the battle took place are given. However, they are currently only in Czech.
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Advanced dental technology is what drives exceptional results here at Litchfield Hills Family Dental. With it, we can provide you and your family with safer, faster, less invasive, and more effective treatment. Equipped with low-radiation imaging machines, advanced, natural healing techniques, and scalpel-free dentistry tools, we can improve your dental health now and protect it for many years to come. We’re your home for advanced dental technology in Torrington, CT. Without question.
Technology alone won’t deliver a healthy mouth. It takes a team of professionals with extensive training and experience to operate it. We have two highly credentialed dentists at your service. Between them, Drs. Bola Mooney and Brian Mooney have 50 plus years of experience in dentistry. With a unique combination of technology and skill, we offer the highest quality of care with consistent, favorable outcomes.
A natural part of your blood, PRGF can reliably accelerate your healing after surgery. We harvest these growth factors by taking a small sample of your blood and spinning it in a centrifuge. Once the PRGF are isolated, we introduce them in concentrated form into the surgical sites during bone grafting and other treatments. They form a protective layer over treatment areas during your recovery.
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) captures high-resolution 3D images of your mouth. With these, we can effectively diagnose a variety of conditions, prepare for dental implants placement, and more. CBCT scanners work with a fraction of the radiation of conventional equipment. They’re safer and healthier for you!
A compact, wand-like camera, this enables us to take high-quality, close-up images of the inside of your mouth. With it, we can develop more precise, effective treatment plans for a number of different dental conditions. We can also instantly show you what we’re seeing so you can get a clear picture of what’s wrong and what we’re going to do to fix it.
Through laser technology we eliminate scalpels and sutures from soft tissue treatments and perform root canals. We can even use it to treat your sleep apnea, rejuvenate your facial appearance, or provide fillings without Novocain. With great precision, our Fotona laser instantly destroys bacteria and removes diseased or unsightly tissues while leaving adjacent healthy tissues untouched. You’ll experience less discomfort and bleeding throughout your procedure!
CEREC is an all-in-one system that provides new crowns and bridges during one office visit! We scan your mouth, which renders a detailed 3D image. Using CEREC’s onboard design program, we then create your new crowns virtually. Using that as a blueprint, CEREC’s milling machine then fabricates them. We can place them the same day!
Administered by a trusted area anesthesiologist, IV sedation allows you to sleep right through dental implant placement, wisdom tooth extraction, and more. Though you’re “technically” awake, you’ll feel nothing during treatment and won’t remember anything about it afterward. Not all practices offer this advanced anesthesia option!
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ANITA RODDICK: CONSCIOUS CAPITALIST
Dame Anita Roddick’s sudden death of a brain hemorrhage on September 10th was as dramatic and newsworthy as her extraordinary life. In stuffy, patriarchal, class-ridden Britain, this young, beautiful founder of The Body Shop chain of globally-franchised beauty stores became its most visible business leader.
I first met Anita Roddick, the earnest seeker of spiritual wisdom, in the 1970s at Findhorn, Scotland’s now globally-renowned ecumenical-ecological learning community. Over breakfast, on a bitingly chilly October morning, Anita told me of her spiritual quest and vision of fostering greater ecological awareness and peace to humans on this endangered planet.
I fell in love at first sight with Anita’s bold vision since it matched my own which Anita had encountered reading my first book, Creating Alternative Futures: The End of Economics (1978). Anita had a better idea: she would transform economics by implementing our shared vision – as a global corporation!
Thus, The Body Shop became a sensation, overturning all the conventional economic textbooks and business school curricula. Anita inspired me and all my associates trying to reform capitalism and challenge old economic dogmas. I had shared Anita’s passion for reforming markets. From working with Ralph Nader’s “Campaign to Make General Motors Responsible” in 1968, I had by 1982 joined the Advisory Council of the Calvert Group of socially responsible mutual funds.
I recall Anita Roddick’s speech at a meeting of the US-based Social Venture Network of investors and entrepreneurs as she explained the growing financial success of The Body Shop. A company could have a social mission and become robustly profitable! Advertising was not needed if a company’s mission for a positive future for the human family was compelling and newsworthy. We all rejoiced to hear our own efforts vindicated. It was possible to do well by doing good.
Today, Anita Roddick’s vision is alive and well. Corporate Social Responsibility is now acknowledged even by its detractors such as London’s The Economist and by most other financial media in their new embrace of green business and investing. The UN’s Principles of Responsible Investing are now endorsed by pension funds and companies representing $10 trillion in assets. Socially-responsible investing is now some $2.3 trillion in the USA alone.
The “greed is good” motto of the traditional Wall Streeters who followed Milton Freidman’s dictum “the only business of business is to maximize shareholder’s returns” has been overtaken by the facts of global warming and other ecological and social challenges to business as usual.
Even business schools, whose narrow training gave us the unethical executives of Enron and Worldcom, are now offering courses on Business Ethics, Socially Responsible Investing and Sustainable Development. Here, too, Anita led the way, founding such a new business school at the University of Bath. Anita honored me by inviting me to give the first lecture. Today, triple-bottom-line corporate accounting for people, planet and profit is the norm, promulgated by the Amsterdam-based Global Reporting Initiative and used by over 600 global corporations.
The neoliberal movement for “market reform” is morphing into reforming markets themselves. Only more ethical markets and companies with social missions geared toward the public good are fit to survive in this 21st century. Anita Roddick’s vision and example to the business world are alive and well.
Hazel Henderson’s latest book is Ethical Markets: Growing the Green Economy (2007). She co-created the Calvert-Henderson Quality of Life Indicators, www.Calvert-Henderson.com, and is on the Organizing Committee for “Beyond GDP,” the upcoming conference in the European Parliament, Nov. 19-20, 2007, www.beyond-gdp.eu.
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There is hereby established in the House of Representatives an office to be known as the “Office of Interparliamentary Affairs” (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Office”).
The duties of the Office are as follows:
(1) To receive and respond to inquiries from foreign parliamentarians or foreign legislative bodies regarding official visits to the House of Representatives.
(2) To coordinate official visits to the House of Representatives by parliamentarians, officers, or employees of foreign legislative bodies.
(3) To coordinate with the Sergeant at Arms, the Clerk, and other officers of the House of Representatives in providing services for delegations of Members on official visits to foreign nations.
(4) To carry out other activities to—
(A) discharge and coordinate the activities and responsibilities of the House of Representatives in connection with participation in various interparliamentary exchanges and organizations;
(B) facilitate the interchange and reception in the United States of members of foreign legislative bodies and permanent officials of foreign governments; and
(C) enable the House to host meetings with senior government officials and other dignitaries in order to discuss matters relevant to United States relations with other nations.
The Office shall be headed by the Director of Interparliamentary Affairs of the House of Representatives (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Director”), who shall be appointed by the Speaker without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the position. Any person so appointed shall serve at the pleasure of the Speaker.
The Director shall be paid at an annual rate determined by the Speaker.
With the approval of the Speaker, or in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Speaker, the Director may appoint and set the pay of such other employees as may be necessary to carry out the functions of the Office. Any such appointment shall be made without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the position. Any person so appointed may be removed by the Director with the approval of the Speaker, or in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Speaker.
Any employee of the Office appointed under this subsection shall be paid at an annual rate determined by the Director with the approval of the Speaker or in accordance with policies approved by the Speaker.
There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2003 and each succeeding fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
This section shall take effect on September 30, 2003.
(Pub. L. 108–83, title I, §103, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1016.)
Last modified: October 26, 2015
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What are Banns of Marriage?
For a marriage to be lawful and comply with UK Civil and Church law, Banns must be read out in church.
Banns are just an announcement in the local parish church, St Leonard's in Oakley or St Lawrence in Wootton, of your intention to marry and a chance for anyone to put forward a reason why the marriage may not lawfully take place.
Banns need to be read in the parish where each of you lives as well as the parish church in which you are to be married, if that is somewhere else.
You must have your Banns read out in church for three Sundays during the three months before the wedding.
This is often done over three consecutive Sundays but does not have to be.
Why all the fuss?
You will probably wonder what all the fuss is about with Banns, it is an archaic practice which hardly makes any sense at all in modern times, but nevertheless we have to do it because it is the law, albeit ancient law!
Once upon a time people would have known who the people were who were getting married and they would know if there was a valid reason to object to the marriage.
The reasons are quite specific and include such things as the bride and groom are blood relatives, being under duress, or already married to somebody else.
It is nothing to worry about and it can be quite nice to come along to church and hear you name read out, so come along if you can.
How much will this cost?
There is a fee payable for the reading of the Banns £32 and issue of a certificate which is £16 for 2022.
This may be paid by bacs, cash or cheque which should be made payable to The Ecclesiastical Parish of Oakley with Wootton.
All Church of England Fees are set nationally and can be found by typing 'Church of England Fees' into Google.
If you wish you may complete this downloadable form and send it to us.
Please ensure that you receive a confirmation that you are in the parish and all is in order.
We would be delighted to welcome you to church to hear your Banns read so please tell us convenient dates if you do attend to hear the Banns and you may collect your certificate on that occasion.
Banns are called out on three Sundays, not necessarily consecutive
A marriage after the calling of Banns must be solemnized within three months
They are called at the parish church where the parties reside and where they wish to be married
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Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook
The Tropic of Cancer effectively divides the country into temperate and tropical zones. Land north of the twenty-fourth parallel experiences cooler temperatures during the winter months. South of the twenty-fourth parallel, temperatures are fairly constant year round and vary solely as a function of elevation.
Areas south of the twentieth-fourth parallel with elevations up to 1,000 meters (the southern parts of both coastal plains as well as the Yucatan Peninsula), have a yearly median temperature between 24°C and 28°C. Temperatures here remain high throughout the year, with only a 5°C difference between winter and summer median temperatures. Although low-lying areas north of the twentieth-fourth parallel are hot and humid during the summer, they generally have lower yearly temperature averages (from 20°C to 24°C) because of more moderate conditions during the winter.
Between 1,000 and 2,000 meters, one encounters yearly average temperatures between 16°C and 20°C. Towns and cities at this elevation south of the twenty-fourth parallel have relatively constant, pleasant temperatures throughout the year, whereas more northerly locations experience sizeable seasonal variations. Above 2,000 meters, temperatures drop as low as an average yearly range between 8°C and 12°C in the Cordillera Neovolcánica. At 2,300 meters, Mexico City has a yearly median temperature of 15°C with pleasant summers and mild winters. Average daily highs and lows for May, the warmest month, are 26°C and 12°C, and average daily highs and lows for January, the coldest month, are 19°C and 6°C.
Rainfall varies widely both by location and season. Arid or semiarid conditions are encountered in the Baja Peninsula, the northwestern state of Sonora, the northern altiplano, and significant portions of the southern altiplano. Rainfall in these regions averages between 300 and 600 millimeters per year. Average rainfall totals are between 600 and 1,000 millimeters in most of the year in most of the major populated areas of the southern altiplano, including Mexico City and Guadalajara. Low-lying areas along the Gulf of Mexico receive in excess of 1,000 millimeters of rainfall in an average year, with the wettest region being the southeastern state of Tabasco, which typically receives approximately 2,000 millimeters of rainfall on an annual basis. Parts of the northern altiplano and high peaks in the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Oriental occasionally receive significant snowfalls.
Mexico has pronounced wet and dry seasons. Most of the country experiences a rainy season from June to mid-October and significantly less rain during the remainder of the year. February and July generally are the driest and wettest months, respectively. Mexico City, for example, receives an average of only 5 millimeters of rain during February but more than 160 millimeters in July. Coastal areas, especially those along the Gulf of Mexico, experience the largest amounts of rain in September. Tabasco typically records more than 300 millimeters of rain during that month. A small coastal area of northwestern coastal Mexico around Tijuana has a Mediterranean climate with considerable coastal fog and a rainy season that occurs in winter.
Mexico lies squarely within the hurricane belt, and all regions of both coasts are susceptible to these storms from June through November. Hurricanes on the Pacific coast are less frequent and often less violent than those affecting Mexico's eastern coastline. Several hurricanes per year strike the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico coastline, however, and these storms bring high winds, heavy rain, extensive damage, and occasional loss of life. Hurricane Hugo passed directly over Cancún in September 1989, with winds in excess of 200 kilometers per hour producing major damage to hotels in the resort area. In September 1988, Hurricane Gilbert struck northeast Mexico. Flooding from the heavy rain in that storm killed dozens in the Monterrey area and caused extensive damage to livestock and vegetable crops.
Mexico faces significant environmental challenges affecting almost every section of the country. Vast expanses of southern and southeastern tropical forests have been denuded for cattle-raising and agriculture. For example, tropical forests covered almost half of the state of Tabasco in 1940 but less than 10 percent by the late 1980s. During the same period, pastureland increased from 20 to 60 percent of the state's total area. Analysts reported similar conditions in other tropical sections of Mexico. Deforestation has contributed to serious levels of soil erosion nationwide. In 1985 the government classified almost 17 percent of all land as totally eroded, 31 percent in an accelerated state of erosion, and 38 percent demonstrating signs of incipient erosion.
Soil destruction is particularly pronounced in the north and northwest, with more than 60 percent of land considered in a total or accelerated state of erosion. Fragile because of its semiarid and arid character, the soil of the region has become increasingly damaged through excessive cattle-raising and irrigation with waters containing high levels of salinity. The result is a mounting problem of desertification throughout the region.
Mexico's vast coastline faces a different, but no less difficult, series of environmental problems. For example, inadequately regulated petroleum exploitation in the Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlán zone in the Gulf of Mexico has caused serious damage to the waters and fisheries of Río Coatzacoalcos. The deadly explosion that racked a working-class neighborhood in Guadalajara in April 1992 serves as an appropriate symbol of environmental damage in Mexico. More than 1,000 barrels of gasoline seeped from a corroded Mexican Petroleum (Petróleos Mexicanos--Pemex) pipeline into the municipal sewer system, where it combined with gases and industrial residuals to produce a massive explosion that killed 190 persons and injured nearly 1,500 others.
Mexico City confronts authorities with perhaps their most daunting environmental challenge. Geography and extreme population levels have combined to produce one of the world's most polluted urban areas. Mexico City sits in a valley surrounded on three sides by mountains, which serve to trap contaminants produced by the metropolitan area's 15 million residents. One government study in the late 1980s determined that nearly 5 million tons of contaminants were emitted annually in the atmosphere, a tenfold increase over the previous decade. Carbons and hydrocarbons from the region's more than 3 million vehicles account for approximately 80 percent of these contaminants, with another 15 percent, primarily of sulfur and nitrogen, coming from industrial plants. During the dry winter months, untreated fecal matter also becomes airborne. The resulting dangerous mix is responsible for a wide range of respiratory illnesses. One study of twelve urban areas worldwide in the mid-1980s concluded that the residents of Mexico City had the highest levels of lead and cadmium in their blood. The volume of pollutants from Mexico City has damaged the surrounding ecosystem as well. For example, wastewater from Mexico City that flows north and is used for irrigation in the state of Hidalgo has been linked to congenital birth defects and high levels of gastrointestinal diseases in that state.
Beginning in the mid-1980s, the government enacted numerous antipollution policies in Mexico City with varied degrees of success. Measures such as vehicle emissions inspections, the introduction of unleaded gasoline, and the installation of catalytic converters on new vehicles helped reduce pollution generated by trucks and buses. In contrast, one of the government's most prominent actions, the No Driving Day program, may have inadvertently contributed to higher pollution levels. Under the program, metropolitan area residents were prohibited from driving their vehicles one day each work week based on the last number of their license plate. However, those with the resources to do so purchased additional automobiles to use on the day their principal vehicle was prohibited from driving, thus adding to the region's vehicle stock. Thermal inversions reached such dangerous levels at various times in the mid-1990s that the government declared pollution emergencies, necessitating sharp temporary cutbacks in vehicle use and industrial production.
Data as of June 1996
NOTE: The information regarding Mexico on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Factbook. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Mexico Climate information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Mexico Climate should be addressed to the Library of Congress and the CIA.
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Anyone who is a lover of animals can provide you with the lifespan average of their pet however, the issue gets slightly more complex about ferrets How Long Does a Ferret Live? While not as prevalent in the American family, ferrets can still be wonderful pets as kittens and puppies are. This is particularly relevant for families looking to get the perfect pet that’s not as big as a Labrador and perhaps a little more lively than the Persian. Anyone who is considering adopting a ferret must know how long this jovial pet will remain for the rest of his or her life.
How Long Does a Ferret Live?
Unfortunately, these facts are a little more difficult to pin down than for other popular pets. “There are books out there that tell you that ferrets live for ten years, but that’s not happening anymore,” stated L. Vanessa Gruden, executive director of the Ferret Association of Connecticut. According to Gruden that the lifespan of the contemporary American ferret is considerably smaller than the ferret of the 1980s, which was when the species, native to Europe began to gain popularity throughout America. The United States.
When the ferret trend first began to take off across the United States, the only alternative for owners who were interested was to import potential creatures through the Atlantic. “Since [Europe is] where ferrets started, that’s where they tend to live longer,” Gruden explained. Nowadays, breeders from the United States aren’t unusual, although they aren’t the most reliable source for healthy animals.
Vickie McKimmey, office manager of the American Ferret Association, stresses that ferrets have a similar lack of consistency. “[A ferret’s lifespan ranges] from five to nine years,” she stated. “[It’s] a pretty large gap and it’s mainly because the ferrets in pet stores live on a shorter time frame, whereas if you get a ferret from a breeder … you get a longer age range.”
According to McKimmey, the period difference between the lifespan of a ferret bought through a breeder as opposed to one ferret bought at a pet shop could be due to the time at which the ferret was neutered or spayed. “Ferrets at the pet store are sterilized before when they enter the pet store, which means you’re likely to see ferrets being fixed around five weeks old, however, a breeder may suggest that you wait until the ferret has reached one year old. This way, it’s got all its hormones fully developed” she added.
Keeping Your Ferret Healthy
Wherever your ferret is from, there’s a variety of ways that pet owners can take to make sure that their ferret is as well content as they can, such as feeding your ferret high-quality, ferret-formulated foods which is rich in protein and maintaining regular veterinary visits, vaccinations, and diagnostic tests (blood as well as urine test, x-rays, etc.) according to the guidelines, Gruden said. Cleaning your teeth is also a must to think about as ferrets grow older, as they may be more susceptible to dental diseases, in addition to other diseases (like lymphoma and adrenal disease) as they age.
Naturally, the health of your emotional well-being is as vital for all animals as physical. The stimulation of the mind is through toys and playtime with other animals and with other animals is essential in keeping your ferret well, Gruden said. This includes supervision of playtime and ample time in their cages (at least four hours each day) According to McKimmey.
While one ferret was believed to have lived for 14 years, the typical lifespan of ferrets ranges between 5 to 10 years. Ferrets bred rather than bought at a pet shop are more likely to have longer.
Common Ferret Lifespan
Common ferrets live for up to 12 years as pets, but the majority of ferrets have a lifespan of six to eight years. The reddish-pink fur and yellowish-white eyes that are common to the ferret make it stand out in comparison to other animals. The common ferret is larger than the polecat being 51 cm (20 inches) in length. It also has a tail being 13 cm long. It weighs on average 2 pounds.
Black-footed Ferret Lifespan
In the wild, the black-footed ferret lives for three to four years. It is a black-footed ferret is a threatened species that has genetic diversity and diseases which the US Fish and Wildlife Service is trying to tackle. With the assistance of experts and recovery partners, they are implementing new research in genetics to boost populations of wild ferret population and ensure its survival.
While its coat is similar to the typical ferret, however, it sports a distinctive black mask that covers its eyes as well as brownish-black patterns on its tail and paw tips that differentiate it from other species. Males weigh less than females and weigh less than 1 kg. 38-50 centimeters (15-20 inches) is the length of the human body and the tail is 11-15 centimeters.
Factors that affect longevity
Many factors can impact the life span of the lifespan of a ferret includes:
Contrary to ferrets who enjoy a high level of health and are well-adjusted with their family, those living in stressful environments or spending the majority of their day time in cages have a higher chance of ending up dying young.
Domestic ferrets also benefit from a balanced diet. For ferrets to live a healthy life they need to consume a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. The American Ferret Association recommends feeding cats and dogs wet food with at least 36% protein for ferrets. It can be bought at pet shops.
Canine distemper and rabies and Aleutian disease virus all-cause death to ferrets. Aleutian disease is the ferret’s variant of cold. Pancreatic and adrenal issues in ferrets may lower the life expectancy of a pet if they’re not properly managed.
How Can I Help My Ferret Live Longer?
Common ferrets are highly sought-after as pets as well as in research into veterinary medicine. They can be playful, tame, and curious in the presence of a captive. Despite their ability to adapt the common ferrets have been domesticated and rely on humans to survive. They usually die if they are kept on their own.
Study the Breeder and Ferret History
Genetics plays a significant part in ferret longevity. To ensure that your ferret’s lifespan is not compromised examine its source. Don’t purchase the ferret unless the seller can provide information about its relatives and allow you to look over the ferret before you purchase it. Keep in mind that a ferret’s personality could be altered in the initial three months of its life while it’s at the breeding facility. Do not purchase a ferret from a breeder that has more than three litters per year. There is no way to monitor every ferret and the chance of getting a feral ferret is far too high.
Maintaining the ferret healthy and content requires lots of space to run and play. Be sure to keep it in a safe, secure, and safe environment, free of dangerous objects like poisonous plants or electrical wires. Be sure that the area is dry, warm, and properly aired without drafts.
Ferrets are carnivores who are obligate species Their diets are mostly meat-based. It is normal to see their prey on and eat whole animals which includes everything from bones and raw meat to digested plant matter.
High-quality ferret-formulated food with a high protein content is crucial to the overall health of your ferret. Ferret food is high in protein and lipids which come from fresh meaty sources. Feed your ferret various healthy and healthy ferret food items available in pet stores near you to keep them healthy and active. healthy.
The well-being of the mind is equally essential as physical well-being for all animals. Maintaining your ferret healthy requires stimulation for the mind including toys, human interaction as well as the interaction between other species. Be sure that your ferret has plenty of supervision playing time and plenty of time away from their cages for at most four hours a day.
Yes, ferrets must receive a specific ferret vaccine each year. The appointment for veterinary visits, vaccinations as well as diagnostic tests (blood or urine test as well as scans) must be kept with the latest information as recommended by your vet. As your ferrets get older, they are more susceptible to dental issues and lymphoma, and adrenal disease. Cleaning their teeth regularly and conducting regular health check-ups are crucial to their longevity.
To keep your female ferret healthy, spay her. Females who are not spayed have high estrogen levels that cause anemia and eventually death. Boys do not have this problem however, you must have them neutered.
Do Ferrets Die Easily?
Ferrets are fairly tough animals. But, unsuitable breeding has reduced the lifespan of the typical ferret dramatically. When ferrets became popular during the 80s several breeders from the US appeared.
Certain breeders bred ferrets to improve the species however, others breed them solely to make money. In some instances, certain attractive traits were favored over healthy ones. Thus, this negatively affected the lifespan of ferrets.
Nowadays, many ferrets can die quite quickly. The majority of ferrets purchased are taken from pet stores since their owners are focused on making profits. Certain ferret breeders act similar to puppy mills, creating the most ferrets possible and as cheaply as they can.
If you’re looking to get a ferret that will last for a long time, we suggest you adopt from a reputable breeder. Breeders that only sell directly are generally more concerned with the place their ferrets go and that should be a sign of how much they value their animals.
Ferrets may be more expensive when you compare to these breeders, however, you usually have the most value for money. Most ferrets are more socialized and receive greater vet attention. Some breeders also utilize genetic testing to find out specific genetic diseases to which ferrets can be susceptible.
Can a Ferret Live for 10 Years?
Ferrets are typically around five or seven years, however, some record-breaking animals could live to 10 years.
Through the years in the past, the lifespan of the average ferret has diminished and not increased. This is because of breeding practices that are more focused on the aesthetic characteristics that are inherent to the ferret over their health concerns. Breeders can also function as puppy mills, in that they are focused on breeding the most animals possible without regard to the health of the animals.
While puppy mills are banned in many areas, however, there are usually no guidelines on how ferrets are to be kept.
Thus, you should conduct your research, particularly in case you want your ferret to live to its full time.
Do Male or Female Ferrets Live Longer?
There is no distinction between a male or a female ferret in terms of their lifespan. In captivity, the majority of ferrets have been sterilized however, the precise age at which they are sterilized varies.
The length of life should not be the primary factor in the decision-making process when you are deciding on which ferret you want to buy. There are some sex differences, specifically between intake animals. But, they are usually minor and mostly non-sensical. No research demonstrates a significant behavior distinction between the two genders.
The typical ferret lives between 5 and 7 years old. Before the 1980s, ferrets in the wild were close to 10-years-old. Today, they are bred in captivity, and not wild-caught. The result is that their lifespan has begun to decrease, in part because breeders are more focused on temperament and appearance.
Wild, ferrets are “bred” for health. If a ferret was unhealthy and healthy, it would not have made it to the end of the road. But, a sick ferret could live and be an excellent pet in captivity particularly if it can handle stress. In time, these differences in breeds have resulted in an overall reduction in ferret’s lifespan in the domestic environment.
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Which nuts are the best for weight loss
Nuts for weight loss | Nuts for burning belly fat and losing weightAlmonds.
Almonds are considered as one of the nature’s superfoods for their rich content of protein, antioxidants and heart-healthy fats.
What is the most popular nut
peanutsIn 2018, the global consumption of peanuts amounted to approximately 42.6 million metric tons, making peanuts the most popular nut for consumption in the world. Almonds were the second most consumed type of nut, with 1.19 million metric tons consumed that year.
How many nuts a day is healthy
How many nuts should I eat each day? Sygo said that she recommends about an ounce or 28 grams of nuts per day. That’s about as much as what fits in the palm of your hand. And they can be a mixture of nuts or a handful of one kind, like almonds.
What are the top 5 healthiest nuts
Below are the top 5 healthiest nuts you can easily incorporate into your diet.Almonds. Almonds are known for being the nut highest in calcium and contain many other vitamins and minerals. … Pecans. … Hazelnuts. … Macadamias. … Walnuts.Jan 3, 2017
What nut is the healthiest
Six most healthful nutsPeanuts. Share on Pinterest Peanuts are often more affordable than other types of nut. … Almonds. Almonds have become increasingly popular in recent years, and they are now readily available in many places. … Pistachios. … Cashews. … Walnuts. … Hazelnuts.Sep 11, 2018
What happens if you eat too many nuts in a day
However, nuts are very calorie dense (high in fat, low in water), so eating unlimited amounts can easily add an extra several hundred calories a day to your diet, which could lead to weight gain and increased cholesterol levels.
What is the best time to eat nuts
morningIf you want to receive the maximum benefit from nuts, then its advised to consume them in the morning. Consuming nuts along with breakfast can help you ward off fatigue and smoothly regulate blood pressure in your body.
What are the worst nuts to eat
Worst nuts for your diet Ounce for ounce, macadamia nuts (10 to 12 nuts; 2 grams protein, 21 grams fat) and pecans (18 to 20 halves; 3 grams protein, 20 grams fat) have the most calories – 200 each – along with the lowest amounts of protein and the highest amounts of fats.
Why are cashews bad for you
High Oxalate Content: Cashews have a relatively high oxalate content. When eaten in large quantities, this can lead to kidney damage and other chronic health problems. Raw Cashews Unsafe: Roasted cashews are not only more delicious, but they’re also safer too.
How many eggs per day is healthy
The science is clear that up to 3 whole eggs per day are perfectly safe for healthy people. Summary Eggs consistently raise HDL (the “good”) cholesterol. For 70% of people, there is no increase in total or LDL cholesterol. Some people may experience a mild increase in a benign subtype of LDL.
How many nuts per day is too much
The number of nuts you can eat in a day differs due to the amount of calories, fats, carbs, and even protein each nut has. However, some nutritionists recommend consuming 30 grams of nuts during the day. But you still need to be cautious about not overeating any of them.
Which nuts should you eat everyday
many chronic diseases, including heart disease and diabetes.Almonds. Almonds are tree nuts that contain a number of beneficial nutrients (13). … Pistachios. Pistachios are a commonly consumed nut that is high in fiber (23). … Walnuts. … Cashews. … Pecans. … Macadamia Nuts. … Brazil Nuts. … Hazelnuts.More items…•Sep 26, 2018
Is it safe to eat nuts daily
Eating nuts as part of a healthy diet may be good for your heart. Nuts contain unsaturated fatty acids and other nutrients. And they’re a great snack food — inexpensive, easy to store and easy to pack when you’re on the go. One drawback to nuts is that they’re high in calories, so it’s important to limit portions.
Which is healthier almonds or walnuts
Antioxidants are known to help protect the body against disease. The scientists said that all nuts have good nutritional qualities but walnuts are healthier than peanuts, almonds, pecans and pistachios.
Is it okay to eat nuts for breakfast
Nuts are tasty, satisfying and nutritious. They’re a great addition to your breakfast, as they’re filling and help prevent weight gain ( 52 , 53 ). Even though nuts are high in calories, studies suggest you don’t absorb all the fat in them.
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Complete 2022 Data Science & Machine Learning Bootcamp
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Addicts are all too aware of the difficulty involved in overcoming a serious substance abuse problem. There are withdrawal symptoms, detox, intensive therapies, triggers to manage and stress to cope with. It can be quite overwhelming.
Yet there is profound joy throughout the addiction recovery process, and even its darkest moments, it can be illuminated by new relationships, new strategies for living a healthful life and a new outlook for living a meaningful existence.
Sharing the Road: The Joy of New Friends
If addiction is a solitary process, addicts quickly realize that recovery needn’t be lonely at all. Aside from the guidance that addiction therapists can provide, many recovering addicts forge new relationships with other addicts who are also battling addiction. Participating in drug and alcohol addiction peer groups like 12-step programs or group therapies allows recovering addicts the opportunity to realize they are not alone. In fact, it can be incredibly joyful to connect with others who are traveling the same path toward a life of sobriety.
“As a member of The Discovery House alumni program, past residents will always have numbers to call and people to turn to, people who understand that a new life of sobriety isn’t always easy,” notes David Dequa, Program Director of The Discovery House, a residential and outpatient drug rehab facility in Los Angeles.
“Not knowing what to do, or who to turn to, in times of crisis can lead back into the substance abuse nightmare that you want to leave behind. A relapse prevention program that includes alumni meetings at The Discovery House means that you will always have a supportive group to turn to when you need them most.”
While making new connections is positive, repairing relationships that may have been damaged because of drug or alcohol abuse can also infuse more joy into life and the recovery process. Many addicts have described how important connections have become stronger as a result of their recovery. Having a supportive family is definitely something to feel joyful about. As relationships heal, there is a strong feeling of renewal that actually increases pleasure for everyone involved.
“At The Discovery House, we know that when one member of the family struggles with a drug or alcohol addiction, everyone suffers,” adds Dequa. “Our family program is a strong component to the recovery of many residents.”
Feeling Healthy in Recovery
Addiction certainly can damage your health, both physical and mental. Becoming clean and sober leads to improvements in the way a person feels. Once an addict gets through the difficult withdrawal stage, they begin to feel better. By adding physical-based recovery therapies like restorative yoga, a recovering addict can enhance the pleasure that comes from feeling good in their mind and body.
Freedom in Recovery
Many recovering addicts find joy once they begin to feel free from the grasp of the addictive substance. While their bodies are decreasingly dependent on drugs or alcohol, their mind also grows more independent. Thoughts of drinking or obtaining money for drugs no longer preoccupies their minds. The world and its possibilities begin to open up.
Pride in Recovery
Overcoming a powerful drug or alcohol addiction takes will power and self-discipline. As an addict begins to successfully manage their triggers and avoids the trappings of relapse, they naturally and deservedly begin to feel proud of the accomplishment. Feeling pride in doing something that is good and right is amazingly joyful for recovering addicts, but also for their families and friends.
Looking Toward the Future
While change and thoughts of the future can be scary to many people, particularly those who are overcoming an addiction, these elements can also foster great joy. After all, the future is bleak when one is in the throes of a substance addiction. However, with recovery, the addict can once again make plans for their life and also learn how to find happiness in the process of building that rewarding new existence.
Our lives are bound to be filled with ups and downs. The recovery process is not immune from this pattern. Yet just as there may be dips and struggles in the recovery process, there are also bound to be joyful days and weeks that will enhance long-term recovery and help pave the way to an altogether better life.
The Discovery House, located in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, utilizes a variety of treatment programs that allow each client to receive the individualized care they deserve. The pet friendly Southern California rehab center offers a variety of inpatient and outpatient drug treatment programs to help drug addicts and alcoholics achieve and maintain sobriety.
Each client at The Discovery House receives customized care to end their dependence on prescription drugs, heroin and other opiates and/or alcohol in order to live a joyful, clean and sober life. To learn more about The Discovery House, visit https://www.TheDiscoveryHouse.com or call (855) 203-7930.
How have you found joy in your recovery? Please share with us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TDHRehab or Twitter @TDHRehab #Alcoholism
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Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA)
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) manages the development, maintenance, operations and planning of one of the oldest public transit systems in the United States. The system provides subway, bus, commuter rail, ferry and paratransit service to eastern Massachusetts and parts of Rhode Island. Anser worked with MBTA in 2016 on improving capital delivery, helping to increase the agency’s capital spending from $350M to $700M. When called back in 2019 for this project, Anser partnered with McKinsey & Company, which developed workforce recommendations and addressed bottlenecks in capital delivery. Shortly after completing the initial study, Anser returned to make more detailed recommendations for project controls and scheduling, integrating technology more fully, and capital finance.
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Pack is the process of assembling a lithium battery cell, which may be a single battery or a serial-parallel battery module. The spot weld process is important in the entire battery pack process.
Battery pack assembly involves 18650 cells, spot weld, PCB or BMS weld, bracket, and fish paper. However, the spot weld process is the core for battery pack assembly.
The spot weld process causes certain quality problems:
1. The nickel straps are overlapped in the process of welding (as shown in picture B). This cause the spot weld to be unstable and burnt. Finally，it will cause uneven resistance of each battery.
2. The spot weld over three times. Resistance weld is the need to weld the parts in connect pot and through the large voltage, high current, in contact with high heat for the parts of the contact with the local melting, and cooling after welding in overall. The battery pack causes an internal construction breakdown and leakage after multiple spot welds.
3. When the battery pack is in the spot weld, some battery pack manufacturers use single nickel straps (as shown in A-point and D-point). In addition, single nickel process causes battery pack different internal resistance.
The battery pack is charged and discharged throughout, causing the voltage gap because of internal resistance gap. After the charge and discharge cycles, it will reduce the life cycle as well.
Besides, when the battery pack works with the large discharge current, the nickel strap will be burnt.
4. There is no guide hole nickel strap (as shown in the B-point). The effect of no diversion hole is that when the spot weld machine flows rapidly to the cell, it will cause cells breakdown and even leakage
5. When the battery packs are in series and parallel, it is crucial to control each cell’s connection. This helps to avoid fake spot weld and reduces internal resistance. At the same time, it will reduce heating when the battery pack is operational. Also, when the battery pack works at a stable temperature, it will increase the life cycle.
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While we’ve been focusing on the aspects of the stimulus package targeting businesses (largely because these require that business owners take action to benefit from these programs), we also want to provide a recap of those aspects of the stimulus package targeting individual taxpayers and highlight a few relevant action items. There are a lot of items here, not all of which will apply to you, but we’ve tried to lay them out here in order of importance/impact (keeping in mind that this may vary from person to person) and in (relatively) plain English.
Extension of Filing and Payment Deadline to July 15, 2020
The deadline to file and pay your federal income tax has been extended from April 15, 2020, to July 15, 2020. It’s worth noting, however, that if you are going to receive a refund you should file your tax return ASAP to get that money in your pocket. The IRS has also extended the deadline to July 15, 2020, to fund your IRA and HSA for 2019.
Recovery Rebate – The IRS Sends Taxpayers Money
The IRS will be sending taxpayers up to $1,200 (if you’re single) or $2,400 (if you’re married and file a joint tax return), plus an additional $500 per child under the age of 17. The amount you’ll receive will decrease if your income is over $75,000 ($150,000 if you’re married), and if your income is over $99,000 ($198,000 if you’re married) you will not receive a payment.
The income level used to determine your payment amount will be based on your 2019 tax return (or your 2018 return if you haven’t yet filed for 2019). If you haven’t filed either, you may still be eligible. When you file your 2020 tax return you’ll reconcile the amount you received based on your 2020 income level, but you won’t be required to pay back any overpaid amounts (and may in fact receive additional credits if your 2020 income decreased from prior years).
Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) are Not Required for 2020
The IRS has waived the requirement that taxpayers take their RMD for 2020.
Expanded Unemployment – Increased Amounts and Coverage for Self-Employed Taxpayers
In addition to state unemployment, unemployed individuals may qualify for up to $600 per week of unemployment compensation for up to 39 weeks through the end of 2020. This also waives required waiting periods and job seeking requirements normally imposed by states.
Benefits are also expanded to include self-employed individuals, including contractors, freelancers, and other gig workers.
Early Retirement Plan Withdrawals are NOT Subject to the 10% Penalty
Under normal circumstances, if you withdraw funds from your retirement plan before you are of age to do so, you will be subject to a 10% penalty (with some exceptions). This penalty has been waived for up to $100,000 of early withdrawals.
Changes to Charitable Contribution Deductions – Above the Line Deduction and Unlimited Contributions
The 2020 tax return will allow taxpayers to take an above-the-line deduction of up to $300 of charitable contributions. This means that taxpayers who don’t itemize their deductions will be able to deduct up to $300 of charity on top of the standard deduction
Additionally, deductions for charitable contributions are normally limited to 60% of the taxpayer’s income, however, for 2020 this limitation has been removed, effectively allowing taxpayers to donate all of their 2020 income to charity and receive a deduction for the full amount.
Freeze on Payments and Interest on Federal Student Loans
The freeze is in place until September 30, 2020, however, certain student loans such as private loans will not qualify.
Unlike the business side of the stimulus package, there aren’t a ton of immediate action items that go along with the individual aspects of the program. The key takeaways as far as next steps to take are:
- Don’t worry about getting your tax return filed by April 15, but file ASAP if you’re expecting a refund
- Consider not taking your RMD
- If you’re unemployed, file for unemployment
- Keep receipts for your charitable contributions (even if you don’t expect to itemize in 2020)
Not sure if these apply to you? Questions about how your business can be capitalizing on the stimulus package? Let us know, we can help!
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We are always happy to answer any questions you may have.
Call us on 1300 848 302
Our team of test and tag experts take a closer look at testing and tagging in the medical industry, specifically with regards to what is considered medical equipment and what Standard it should be tested to.
Electrical testing of medical equipment is generally a lot more involved than testing of non-medical equipment and includes performance verification and tests that assess the risk to a patient should an electrical fault occur when connected or in contact with the patient. Test equipment that is appropriate for testing to AS/NZS 3760 will likely not be used to test to AS/NZS 3551. That is because the testing equipment tested to AS/NZS3551 have lower tolerances and limits and require additional functionality and safety tests.
Standards Australia defines medical equipment as:
“Any instrument, apparatus or appliance, including software, whether used alone or in combination, together with any accessories necessary for correct operation, that makes physical or electrical contact with the patient, or transfers energy to or from the patient, or detects such energy transfer to or from the patient, or is intended to diagnose, treat or monitor a patient.” is called medical equipment.
This or any other equipment located in the ‘Patient environment’ is required to be tested and tagged in accordance with AS/NZS 3551, merely testing to AS/NZS 3760 is not sufficient.
Expanding on what we exactly mean by patient environment:
Patient’s environment is defined as, “The space extending 1500mm around all possible patient locations” Ref: AS/NZS 3551:2012 - 1.4.29
Any equipment that is located outside of the patient’s environment but is physically connected to a piece of medical equipment located inside the patient’s environment (such as computers, printers etc) are deemed as medical equipment and should be tested as such. This is defined as a “Medical electrical system” Ref: AS/NZS 3551:2012 – 1.4.20
Within a medical facility, there will almost always be a combination of medical and non-medical equipment. This could include places such as private hospitals, general practices, dental clinics, laboratories, cosmetic clinics, allied health clinics etc.
Many companies that provide specialised testing of medical equipment in accordance with AS/NZS 3551 don’t offer standard testing to AS/NZS 3760 and therefore the testing of non-medical equipment may need to be done by someone else. If you are unsure about the medical equipment safety testing process, we would suggest that it’s worth getting advice from a medical testing specialist.
Coming back to why it's essential to test and tag medical equipment against the set medical equipment testing standards - it’s done to guarantee that the equipment is functioning properly and safely, thus decreasing the risk of injury to operators and patients.
A copy of AS/NZS 3551 can be purchased from www.standards.org.au.
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Verifying this translation ones crucial prophecies off Daniel relies on identifying and you will dating the brand new decree that Yahweh meant the amount of time computations to start
Cyrus approved the initial decree in the 1st 12 months out of their Babylonian leadership, that was throughout the B.C. (find Ezra step 1:1; 6:1; and you can 2 Chron. , 23). The Bible will not suggest when in the initial seasons off their leadership so it decree gotten, so we do not know perhaps the season inside is actually 538 or 537 B.C. Neither do the latest Bible write to us whenever Zerubbabel’s class remaining Babylon and when they found its way to Jerusalem, therefore we do not know if this elizabeth active. The new Bible’s vagueness regarding these records contends against this being the all-important decree. Also, Cyrus’s decree says little regarding maintenance of one’s city. They speaks only of the reconstructing of the Forehead.
Another research this particular ‚s the incorrect decree is the fact they simply doesn’t work towards the Daniel 9 prophecy of time of your indication of the fresh Messiah on their baptism, brand new anointed one. For the time associated with decree just like the a kick off point, the newest 483 many years Daniel spoke out of do not come to anywhere near Yahshua’s go out, never ever brain determining the entire year off His baptism–Their anointing–and this taken place during the A.D. twenty seven.
With no other date even begins to fulfill the needs off this prophecy
Scripture provides no big date at all on the second decree, that of Darius the good. Every we know is that it actually was considering in the early many years of his leadership, because, down to it, the newest Forehead is actually done and faithful. And you may, such Cyrus’s, Darius’s decree was worried about the brand new repairs of the Temple, perhaps not of one’s urban area. Obviously, to possess setting up a kick off point on the prophecy this decree try not from far have fun with sometimes.
It is concerning the third decree–that of the latest seventh seasons from Artaxerxes, recorded inside Ezra eight:8, nine that we feel the suggestions had a need to discovering in the long run so it important prophecy. Out of it decree we’re told you to Ezra remaining Babylon for the the initial day’s week one of the 7th 12 months of the rule out of Artaxerxes, and therefore the guy along with his class arrived in Jerusalem for the first day of day 5 of the same seasons. With no other decree is such outline considering. Which alone will be aware us. Definitely Yahweh says one thing to all of us when Their Term are so specific of which decree thereby unclear regarding the other two.
In addition, it decree sent to the fresh new maintenance out of state government towards the a great size maybe not said on almost every other decrees (note Ezra seven:21-28). It motivated the new judiciary to discipline wrongdoers, also granting the authority to demand the fresh new passing sentence. And thus on the decree Ezra began to generate the city, see the page to Artaxerxes during the Ezra 4.
However, possibly the most powerful argument of all the is the fact as soon as we estimate the latest Daniel nine prophecy with the time on the decree, 457 B.C., as the marking their birth, brand new prophecy is located at just with the baptism out-of Yahshua. In fact, Daniel nine:twenty four means that brand new incidents you to occur when you look at the 70 days place Yahweh’s press overall of one’s prophecy. They reveal that the prophecy is actually divinely provided, which means seriously reliable.
Of course, next, the new decree Yahweh seeks me to use is the fact out-of Ezra 7 usually the one granted on seventh 12 months away from Artaxerxes. Yahweh gave us facts about when it is actually issued and you will if it ran on impression. Plus the reliability with which they describes Yahshua’s baptism scratches it as genuine. It is merely too precise getting completely wrong!
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Pets have a great life in the Equality State but there are many reasons why you should get pet insurance in Wyoming.
One of the best places in the country to be a pet parent, Wyoming looks after its animals. A good example is that because it gets particularly freezing in the winter months, it’s illegal to leave your animal outside in the cold.
Boasting state parks and mountain ranges by the handful, Wyoming can take the breath away, just like neighboring Utah. In the west you’ve got the snow-capped peaks of the Rocky Mountains, while in the east are the great expanses of the High Plains, once the site of the greatest temperature change in one day (44 to -56 degrees Fahrenheit, incidentally).
For a state where it makes a great deal of sense to have a dog on your long walks into the hills, the facilities for pets are, of course, excellent. But remember, as above, not to let your dog succumb to the cold: frostbite in dogs can cause $1,000 to treat at the vet’s.
“Your pet could get frostbite in the winter months which could set you back by $1,000 if you don't have insurance.”
Grand Teton National Park, Bear River State Park and Bighorn National Forest are just three of the many parks in which your leashed dog can roam around sniffing whatever he or she likes. And, at Morad Park, there is an area in which you can let your pet off the leash to sprint around. Remember while you’re at these parks (or the numerous dog parks the state also has) that your dog needs hydrating constantly, especially if they’re in a state of excitement at seeing other doggos. Dehydration might seem like a mundane concern but it can be serious, as can the bill at the vet’s – you don’t want to have to pay $400 for being lazy. Pack an enormous bottle of water in case – and it's unlikely in Wyoming – the dog park facilities aren’t up to scratch.
Places for pooches
Speaking of scratches, try also to make sure that your dog doesn’t get into any fights with other pooches. You could easily pay $200 trying to sort out a bleeding paw but it could be much, much worse: if your dog is thrown around by a bigger dog and fractures their spine, you could pay literally $10,000 for the surgery.
Assuming, however, that this is unlikely to be a concern, you’ll have a whale of a time treating your Bichon Frise, Golden Lab or even your Burmese to the fun sights Wyoming has to offer. In Laramie, for example, Hydro Hounds provides a lovely place for your furry friend to swim with other dogs; call up Black Dog Raft Company and book a trip onto Snake River for your friends and your pup; or just have a drink at Black Tooth Brewing Company (bearing in mind that your dog shouldn’t consume any of the beer themselves: alcohol poisoning could come with a price tag of $1,800).
So – with all that on offer…Wyoming? Well, why not!
Why get pet insurance at all?
At Petted, we sincerely believe that pet insurance is a must for all pet parents, whether you live in New York, North Carolina or Nebraska. It doesn’t matter if you’re a city- or country-dweller, if you have a Bull Mastiff or a Burmese, your beloved pet is at risk from injury, illness and inherited conditions – and these things can cost a lot of money to fix.
If you don’t have a very large savings account then you run the risk of either getting into a ton of debt (we’re talking tens of thousands of dollars in some cases) or – and we hate to think about this – not being able to pay for your pet’s treatment and having to either give them up or, tragically, have them euthanized.
So, for the sake of a few dollars a month, please buy yourself some peace of mind and your pet a healthier, more secure future. To find the best pet insurance policy for where you live, click here. We'll fetch you the perfect quotes in less than a minute.
It’s a real worry when your pet gets sick. But with plenty of reimbursement options available, pet insurance can help cover up to 100% of veterinary costs for new accidents and illnesses – plus much more.
X-rays, CT scans & MRI's
General check ups
Follow up care
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Updated: Jun 20, 2019
Luke 7 tells the story of a woman who had been forgiven of much sin, and in return, she had great love for the One who had forgiven and received her. The woman realized her depravity and great need for Jesus, so when she found Him, she poured her appreciation upon Him, using expensive oil on His feet and her tears and hair to wash the dust away. Her story is one that we often look to as a demonstration of extravagant love and appreciation of our Savior.
In contrast, the Pharisee hadn’t received revelation of his personal need. He felt little appreciation of Jesus and much condemnation for others. Instead of honoring Jesus when He came to his house, he questioned His judgment. Instead of recognizing the love of Jesus, he focused on the woman’s sinful past. He questioned the motives behind her demonstration of worship for Jesus. Francis Frangipane explains this type of heart-condition so well. He says, “Since he seeks no mercy, he has no mercy to give; since he is always under God’s judgment, judging is what comes through him.” The man and the woman in the story viewed Jesus and their own need of Him so differently. Let’s look closely at their different perspectives and postures, and learn how to become ones who truly love – much!
The story of Luke 7:36-50 (NKJV)
Then one of the Pharisees asked Him to eat with him. And He went to the Pharisee’s house, and sat down to eat. And behold, a woman in the city who was a sinner, when she knew that Jesus sat at the table in the Pharisee’s house, brought an alabaster flask of fragrant oil, and stood at His feet behind Him weeping; and she began to wash His feet with her tears, and wiped them with the hair of her head; and she kissed His feet and anointed them with the fragrant oil.
Now when the Pharisee who had invited Him saw this, he spoke to himself, saying, “This Man, if He were a prophet, would know who and what manner of woman this is who is touching Him, for she is a sinner.” And Jesus answered and said to him, “Simon, I have something to say to you.” So he said, “Teacher, say it.”
“There was a certain creditor who had two debtors. One owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty. And when they had nothing with which to repay, he freely forgave them both. Tell Me, therefore, which of them will love him more?” Simon answered and said, “I suppose the one whom he forgave more.” And He said to him, “You have rightly judged.”
Then He turned to the woman and said to Simon, “Do you see this woman? I entered your house; you gave Me no water for My feet, but she has washed My feet with her tears and wiped them with the hair of her head. You gave Me no kiss, but this woman has not ceased to kiss My feet since the time I came in. You did not anoint My head with oil, but this woman has anointed My feet with fragrant oil. Therefore I say to you, her sins, which are many, are forgiven, for she loved much. But to whom little is forgiven, the same loves little.”
Then He said to her, “Your sins are forgiven.” And those who sat at the table with Him began to say to themselves, “Who is this who even forgives sins?” Then He said to the woman, “Your faith has saved you. Go in peace.”
She has wet My feet with her tears.
First, the woman positioned herself at the feet of Jesus and let her tears fall on his feet. She used her hair to wipe the dust and dirt away. She expressed great sorrow for her sin. Her tears and washing Jesus’ feet with her hair demonstrated gratefulness fully expressed. The judgments of others didn’t matter to her. She was completely in love-debt to Jesus and willing to look like a fool, even when others questioned her actions. She intrinsically understood the truth of Romans 2:4 (TLB):
“Don’t you realize how patient he is being with you? Or don’t you care? Can’t you see that he has been waiting all this time without punishing you, to give you time to turn from your sin? His kindness is meant to lead you to repentance.”
In contrast, the Pharisee had no tears, no sorrow, because he considered himself righteous. This attitude kept him in a place of distance from Jesus. When we compare ourselves to others instead of acknowledging our own need for Jesus, our attitude is one of judgment rather than appreciation.
She has not ceased to kiss my feet.
Next, the woman kissed the feet of Jesus, and she didn’t stop. It was a continual appreciation of His acceptance of her. A kiss on the feet is an act of utmost humility. The Pharisee “gave Jesus no kiss.”He was not only judgmental of the woman, but also suspicious of Jesus when He accepted her.
This woman has anointed My feet with fragrant oil.
Finally, the woman anointed the feet of Jesus, not with common olive oil, but with costly ointment from her alabaster jar. This was heartfelt worship – a pouring out of something precious, for His glory and pleasure. Such unrestrained worship honored Jesus. Unfortunately, the Pharisee neglected to anoint the head of Jesus, as was custom of the day. He withheld the honor that Jesus deserved and gave Him nothing; the woman who’d been forgiven of much, gave everything she had.
How will we respond to Jesus?
However we've lived in the past, like the woman or the Pharisee, we can choose to be ones who love much now. It begins with acknowledging our need for Jesus, and humbling ourselves before Him. As we spend time in His presence, we overcome judgment with intimacy. Ultimately, as we give all of our hearts to Him and abandon ourselves to an appreciative lifestyle of worship, we can’t help but give Him our very best, acknowledging that He has given His best for us. Living from this place of lavish gratitude will keep us focused on love – love for the One who saved us and love for the ones around us.
When we live from this place of humility and gratefulness, acknowledging our need for Christ daily, we experience a profound revelation of God’s grace and goodness towards us. Our hearts then respond to this greater depth of love with faith in Jesus like we’ve ever experienced.
Our Prayer ~ Lord, teach us to value You and what You’ve done for us. Teach us to treasure our time with You. Help us to worship you in abandon as we realize the gift that you are to us. Holy Spirit, help our hearts to live in a state of humility and sincere adoration, bowed at the feet of Jesus. Help us to turn away from judgment and choose to be ones who love much.
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How many times have we heard politicians and commentators celebrating the "end of the class struggle", as if the working class had finally been cowed into agreeing to its exploitation? Of course, they can dream, if that's what they want. But whatever they may think - or want us to think - working class resistance to capitalist exploitation has never stopped - and never will stop - even if it goes through ups and downs.
Despite their arrogant rhetoric, however, the politicians of the capitalist class are always acutely aware of the threat that a resurgence of working class militancy would mean for the social interests they represent. This is what, in its own way, the government's latest Trade Union Bill illustrates. Indeed, the fact that despite the low level of industrial action since the beginning of the crisis, Cameron feels the need to tighten up existing anti-strike legislation and put further restrictions on the right of workers to organise, only highlights his fear that at some point, a new wave of militancy could derail the capitalists' on-going attacks against the working class and jeopardise its profiteering.
In true Thatcherite tradition, all this is done, according to business secretary Sajid Javid, in order to strike a "fair balance" between the unions and the "public". As if this mythical "public" was not overwhelmingly made of workers, who either belong to a union or, at least, rely on the unions to defend their material interests and, in any case, are faced with much the same attacks as those workers who might be taking industrial action. As to Javid's claim at last September's Manchester Tory conference that "for too long, trade unions have been able to bully working people by striking", it stupidly ignores the fact that it's not "the unions" which take strike action, but flesh and blood workers, usually after much difficulty, thanks to the long and complex official procedure and postal ballot system.
Then, of course, there is this other myth that strikes are to be blamed on the "ideologically motivated". This was, for instance, Boris Johnson's only response to the London Underground workers' strike, in July, when he accused them of having gone ahead "pig-headedly" with this strike because they "didn't get the outcome they wanted at the general election"! Never mind the fact that the striking workers had every reason to be angry over his plans to introduce a 24-hour service on the Underground, without any compensation, whether in terms of time in lieu, or pay!
"Democratic" ballot thresholds?
At the time of writing, the government is stilll hoping to turn this Trade Union Bill into law by January next year and it has just concluded its third reading in the Commons. So, what is its actual content?
A first section deals with anti-strike provisions: a strike will be "illegal" unless 50% of the concerned union members have turned out to vote. Given the hurdles already attached to running postal strike ballots, the only legal form since the 1990s, a 50% turnout is quite a tall order in many cases. This is especially true when the workforce concerned is not concentrated in one, or just a few, workplaces, or when, as is the case in many unions, the leadership has got into the habit of using strike ballots as mere bargaining chips, regardless of what workers may really want to do. But the biggest obstacle of all is certainly the fact that no attempt is ever made to encourage members to take an active part in the life of the union, whether on the shop or office floor, or in the local branches - when they are not actively discouraged from doing so.
The Bill goes one step further, in order to pre-empt strikes in the public sector industries, which are better organised and which have been particularly affected by the governments' half-a-million job cuts and real wage freeze since 2010. In these industries, the Bill adds another constraint for strike ballots to be deemed "legal": the requirement for strike action to be endorsed by at least 40% of all registered members, independently from the turnout level. This would affect what the government calls "important services", such as the fire service, health, education, transport, the Border Agency and nuclear decommissioning services. Javid's department worked out that this double threshold would have prevented 65% of the stoppages that took place as a result of a sample of 78 disputes in these "important services" since 2010. And, despite the fact that the rate of unionisation is relatively high in most of these industries, this may well be true - because of the scattered nature of their workforces.
However, the Bill's definition of "important services" is ambiguous enough to be open to interpretation. Any company could potentially take its chances and seek a court injunction against a ballot which hasn't achieved this 40% threshold in favour of strike action, on the grounds that its activity is an "important service".
Ironically all this is justified by the "benefit" gained in reducing the number of days "lost" in strike action which may "seriously impair economic activity", according to the government. But who is to blame? The bosses who pay inadequate wages and try to screw workers' conditions and cut their jobs, or the workers who try to defend themselves against these attacks? As to the days which are constantly "lost" as a result of unemployment or under-employment, they do not even deserve a mention, never mind that they also "seriously impair economic activity" by cutting the purchasing power of the working class majority of the population!
Even more ironical is the fact that such thresholds should be imposed on strike ballots in the name of "democracy" by a government which was elected by only 24.3% of all registered voters! But there's nothing surprising there, of course. It is a well-established fact that there are two laws in this society - one for the ruling capitalist class, which is designed to protect its domination over the economy, and one for the working class, which is designed to enforce its exploitation by the capitalists.
Strike-breaking legalised, picketing criminalised
In addition to its ballot thresholds, the Bill includes other important restrictions to the right to strike. In particular, it reverses a 47-year old ban on employers recruiting agency workers to replace strikers. Not that bosses always observed this law , of course. In non-skilled industries, in particular, where workers do not have a fixed job they could claim that agency workers would have been hired regardless of any strike - not to mention the growing number of companies which employ a large proportion of agency workers, or even a majority, who can be more easily blackmailed into crossing picket lines.
But, of course, the fact that the bosses will now have a legal right to replace strikers with agency workers will make a difference. Especially as the notice that needs to be given to employers before any strike action, will be increased to 14 days - from the current 7 - which gives them plenty of time to make the necessary arrangements.
The use of agency workers to break strikes does not only affect the striking union members - who are more likely than not to be on permanent contracts. It also affects agency workers, who will be blackmailed by their agencies into breaking strikes, under threat of not being offered any job in the future. Few of them would willingly cross a picket line if they had another option, but what else can they do?
This is where the big gap created by the bosses between permanent and casual workers, over the past two decades, comes into play. But the union machineries also have a responsibility in the creation of this gap - first because of their failure to oppose the rise of casualisation and then, once it had become generalised, because of their failure to seriously attempt to organise casual workers, or even take an interest in their problems. Today, however, at a time when the proportion of casual workers is roughly a third of the total workforce, the working class just cannot afford to allow the union machineries' contemptuous attitude towards these workers to split its ranks. It if comes into force, this provision of the Bill will make it even more vital for workers to by-pass the union leaders' sectionalism in order to weld the ranks of casuals and permanents into one solid block against the bosses!
The Bill also includes tentative provisions which could result in the criminalisation of "illegal" picketing and protests. To be sure, this is is not exactly new, as this actually happened extensively during the 1984-85 miners' strike. All it takes, according to the law as it stands, is a court injunction. In other words, the Bill would facilitate the task of the bosses and police in this respect, but would not fundamentally change the situation. It would just mean that for workers to hold the bosses, the courts and the police at bay, would, more than ever, be a matter of balance of forces.
The union leaders' worries
However, it is not so much the limitations put on the right to strike which worry the TUC leaders, with the exception, maybe, of the heavy fines they would face should they fail to get their members to abide by the 14-day notice required for any industrial action, or by the new restrictions concerning picketing. Other than that, as history shows, the union leaders can quite happily live with such constraints against the right to strike.
What worries them most is the rest of the Bill. For instance, another of its provisions would give the Certification Officer (the unions' "regulator") full access to their membership lists. The TUC condemned this as "an intrusion on union members' privacy" - as if this was just another addition to Theresa May's forthcoming "Snooping Charter"!
But although May's draft Bill caused a storm in the media, this "intrusion on union members' privacy" has very different implications: it is not just an "intrusion on privacy", but another weapon for the bosses in their class war against the working class. It gives the state the right to oversee the way in which workers organise themselves - as if this was some sort of criminal activity. And if the state is given such oversight, so are the capitalists whose interests it represents.
In practice, what will guarantee that these lists aren't "leaked" - and union members aren't sacked and blacklisted as a result, especially those considered "too militant"? Couldn't this result in the legalisation - or, in any case, the multiplication - of the kind of private, shady agencies which illegally sell lists of activists to employers - from the old "Economic League" which was eventually disbanded in 1993, after over 70 years of existence, to the more recent "Consulting Association", which kept files on over 3,000 union members in the construction industry, with the help of the Home Office's "National Extremism Tactical Co-ordination Unit"?
Moreover, knowing that their names could end up on such a list, wouldn't more workers think twice before joining a union? At a time when union membership has been seriously reduced by the crisis, due to job cuts and rising casualisation, this is a reason for the union machineries to be worried.
But it is not the only reason. The Bill would also give the Certification Officer extensive powers to investigate unions' internal operation and accounts. What's more - and this is rather cynical on the part of the government - union machineries would have to pay what is likely to be a hefty bill towards the regulator's operating costs.
But it is probably the provisions concerning the public sector which are most worrying for the union machineries. For instance, the Bill would allow the government to cap the overall facility time paid to union officials, regardless of the national agreements signed with public sector organisations - which could result in a big fall in the number of full-time officials on which the public sector union machineries rely for their operation. Another cause of worryis the provision which would end the check-off system across the public sector - which is most likely to result in a drop in membership and, therefore, in income for the public sector unions.
That the TUC leadership is more concerned by these aspects of the Bill than by its attacks on workers' rights was illustrated by TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady's response to it. Having denounced it as "the biggest attack in thirty years" - which it certainly is - she went on to argue that the Bill was an attack "not just against trade unions, but against our best chance of raising productivity, pay and demand" - thereby intimating that, somehow, workers and companies were in the same boat. Finally she complained that since the level of industrial action "has fallen dramatically over the last 30 years", the Bill was totally "unnecessary"! But that was about it.
From Labour's "In place of strife"...
To be sure, the British state has a long record of trying to curb the right to strike - and workers' rights in general - just as the union machineries have a poor record of confronting these attempts, when they do not go unreservedly along with the capitalists' demand that they should police the ranks of the working class.
Without going back too far into the past, this is well-illustrated by what took place under Harold Wilson's second Labour government, following his re-election, in 1966.
Having sworn during his election campaign that "a wage freeze, if by that you mean a law to hold back wage increases, that would be unthinkable", Wilson immediately embarked on an "income crusade" aimed at putting "an end to bloody-mindedness on both sides of industry", while castigating the unions' so-called "restrictive practices" - rhetoric strikingly similar to the attacks by current politicians on the unions' "vested interests". While subsidising big companies, Wilson then introduced a 3.5% cap on wage increases, thereby freezing real wages.
In May 1966, a seamen's strike was the first big challenge to Wilson's incomes policy. Again using rhetoric reminiscent of what we hear today, Wilson denounced the strike as being instigated by a "tightly knit group of politically motivated men" who were "forcing great hardships on the members of the unions and their families." A state of emergency was declared and the seamen's union leaders backed down.
But this was only the first of a long series of unofficial strikes, which developed as Wilson introduced more austerity packages - with, among them, the 9-week strike which closed down the docks in Liverpool and London, from October 1967.
Wilson's government was confronted with two problems. Firstly, most of these strikes were unofficial, so that the union machineries had little control over them. They were led by a generation of young workers who had joined the labour market during the industrial expansion of the early 1960s at a time when unemployment was low - and this gave them enough confidence to refuse to be trampled over. And secondly, the union machineries were still relatively unpopular among workers, due to their policy of "partnership" with governments ever since WWII. Being unable to offer an outlet to the workers' discontent, union leaders were also unable to contain their militancy.
To resolve these problems, Wilson set up the Donovan commission to look into the "the unions' restrictive practices." Eventually, the commission's proposals formed the basis of a White paper entitled "In Place of Strife", released in January 1969 by the then Employment minister, Barbara Castle.
In order to take disputes out of the hands of local activists, this White paper provided for centralised collective bargaining in "an effective and orderly method of regulation", under the supervision of an Industrial Relations Commission. As a sop to the union machineries, it made union recognition virtually compulsory and gave union officials more protection against dismissal. In return, however, the union machineries' internal operation was to be placed under legal scrutiny, with "independent" auditors overseeing their finances, while the courts were to become the ultimate arbitrator in all conflicts between them and individual workers. But "In Place of Strife" went further than that, by significantly restricting workers' right to strike. It gave the government powers to suspend any threat of strike action by ordering a 28-day "cooling off" period as well as the organisation of a postal ballot. More importantly, it made unofficial strikes illegal and the workers involved in such strikes were to be liable for damages.
In the end, the TUC felt it could not "sell" this Bill to the membership. In June 1969, its General Council made a solemn undertaking to take any action required to stem the wave of unofficial strikes. In exchange, the government decided that further consultation would be held on the subject and the Bill was postponed. But it did pave the way for future anti-strike laws.
...to the Tories' Industrial Relations Act
The wave of unrest in the second half of the 60s didn't slow down. Labour's discredit was such that when Wilson called a new election, in 1970, millions of workers abstained, resulting in the lowest turnout since WWII, and the Tories got in, after having pledged to control wages and industrial action.
However, Edward Heath's Tory government, proved unable to clamp down on workers' militancy. Faced with the first cracks of what was soon to become a world economic crisis, Heath resumed Wilson's attempts at curbing the workers' resistance with an Industrial Relations Act - in fact, a watered down version of Wilson's "In Place of Strife".
In order to have any legal right, unions were to be registered and to subject themselves to the scrutiny of the state. In return, workers were given the statutory right to belong to a registered union. All collective agreements were to be legally enforceable, unless specific clauses provided for some other arbitration mechanism. But the Act also attacked workers' right to strike: it legalised "no-strike" clauses in collective agreements, banned unofficial strikes and created a National Industrial Relations Court which could grant injunctions against strikes when requested by employers and impose jail sentences on workers who defied its injunctions.
However, Heath's attempt backfired. In January 1972, the miners went on strike, followed by the dockers. In the summer of 1972, the National Industrial Relations Court issued an injunction against the East London dockers who were "unlawfully" picketing the premises of the Midland Cold Storage Company. When five shop stewards were jailed in Pentonville prison for failing to comply with this injunction, the growing discontent came to a head in the form of a wave of unofficial strikes across the country.
This time, after two years of sitting on its hands, the TUC felt it had no option but to endorse this rising wave of militancy in order to regain control. By calling an official national strike on July 31st, it forced the government to back down and release the Pentonville Five. On the strength of this victory and despite the TUC's attempts to harness it, industrial unrest carried on well into the following year, with 2 million workers on strike for Mayday 1973. Then, in the autumn, the miners' union, the NUM, responded to the government offer of a 13% wage increase with a 40% claim. By December, 280,000 miners embarked on an overtime ban. By January 1974, the situation reached a crisis point with the overtime ban extended to engineering and a work-to-rule among train drivers. In so far as there was no question of an actual strike at this stage, the TUC leaders had endorsed these actions, so as to remain in the driving seat. However, in February, 81% of the miners voted for strike action. There was not much the TUC could do about it and Heath was left with no option but to call a snap election over the issue of "who was to govern Britain" - the government, or the unions.
From Labour's "Social Contract"...
CBI director general, Campbell Adamson, didn't mince its words after Heath's failure: "I should like to see the next government repeal the Act so that we can get proper agreement on what should replace it." And this was precisely what Labour campaigned for in the run up to the 1974 elections - its ability to restore social peace.
In the general election, Wilson squeezed back into office, with a minority government. The Industrial Relations Act was repealed, the miners' dispute settled and the TUC was called in to help. Its leaders declared that there was to be no free-for-all and they recommended that Heath's 13% ceiling on pay rises should be retained until the summer.
Against the backdrop of a worldwide economic crisis, a "new social consensus" was heralded, with the joint Labour-TUC "Social Contract". This "historical" agreement stated that: "Only practical action by the Government to create a much fairer distribution of national wealth can convince the worker, his family and his trade union, that an 'incomes policy' is not some kind of trick to force him... to bear the brunt of the national burden."
However, this "Social Contract" did turn out to be a "trick to force workers to bear the brunt of the national burden": wage restraint remained more than ever on the agenda, despite annual inflation being in double figures most of the time, even reaching 25% at one point!
The TUC was fully behind this policy which, although not binding on union leaders, relied on their voluntary cooperation. And co-operate, they certainly did! They were all the more willing to do so as Wilson rewarded them with all kinds of positions in government bodies such as the National Economic Development Council, ACAS - his new arbitration service - or the various committees of his new "Plan for Coal'. To ensure that they would have even more reasons to support these policies, the union machineries were offered new advantages by many public and private employers, such as closed shop and check-off systems - all of which made them less receptive to rank-and-file pressure.
While Wilson was bailing out private companies on state funds - like Chrysler's British subsidiary which was awarded a £162m subsidy despite sacking 8,300 workers, or one-third of its workforce - he was introducing cuts to fund his largesse to the bosses and, with the TUC's help, he was blackmailing whole sections of workers in the nationalised industries into agreeing to wage cuts, again, allegedly to avoid massive job cuts.
... to the "Winter of Discontent"
In April 1976, Wilson resigned and was replaced by Callaghan. By the end of that year, thanks to the TUC's support, Labour had managed to cut real wages by 11% compared to 1974. Discontent was growing, however. In the first two months of 1977 alone, official statistics recorded one million strike days by 200,000 workers. The TUC had agreed a 10% cap on wage increases with Callaghan and was putting all its weight into policing it. As a result, most strikes were, once again, unofficial. But the increasingly hard line attitude of the courts and Callaghan's strong-arm tactics against strikers - especially after he declared a state of emergency and brought in the army against a firemen's strike - made it increasingly difficult for union leaders to be seen supporting the government's attacks.
So, in 1978, when Callaghan announced a 3% cap on wage increases, at a time when inflation was officially running at 7%, the TUC leaders tried to regain some of the credit they had lost by making a show of challenging Callaghan, eventually presenting an increase of the wage cap to 5% as a major "victory".
But this was too little, too late. By September the 5% cap collapsed after 60,000 Ford workers took unofficial strike action in support of a £20/wk increase. The TUC leaders felt they could not oppose this strike without completely discrediting themselves and they made it official. Eventually the Ford strikers won a 17% increase in pay and premiums, after a nine-week strike.
This was to be the starting point of the "Winter of Discontent", the largest strike wave since the 1926 General Strike. The wave of unofficial strikes was kicked off by lorry and oil tankers drivers, soon followed by train drivers and the big battalions of public sector workers. Worried that they might get out of hand, the union leaders eventually made the strikes official. Their intervention effectively disorganised the strikers by preventing them from co-ordinating their action. But it did not prevent them from winning an average 7% increase in real pay.
Having eventually brought the strike wave to an end, the TUC tried to help Callaghan to patch up his incomes policy by signing up to a so-called "Concordat", which included a 5% cap on pay increases, a "code of conduct" for strikes, voluntary limitations on picketing and even a commitment to hold up industrial action against companies experiencing difficulties - in other words, a revamped version of Heath's Industrial Relations Act, willingly endorsed by the TUC!
Thatcher goes on the offensive
During the "Winter of Discontent", the union machineries had failed to prevent the workers' discontent from breaking into a mighty demonstration of militancy. But they had saved the capitalists a lot of trouble by ensuring that each section of strikers remained isolated from the others, thereby preventing workers from making the best of their collective strength. However, the capitalist class was not to prove very grateful to the union leaders, despite their good services.
By the time of the 1979 general election, world trade had slowed down and Britain's ageing, under-invested industry was facing deep problems. Thatcher's victory in this election coincided with a change in what the capitalists expected from their state. While shying away from investing in the productive sphere, they wanted the state to provide them with new, ready-made sources of profits: every profitable slice of the public sector was to be privatised and, to this end, labour costs - and jobs - were to be massively reduced. This required curbing workers' resistance.
However, the measures that Thatcher and her successor, John Major, took in this respect, were hardly new. Many just formalised what had already been informally implemented in the past by Labour, with the TUC's backing. In fact, they did not even go as far as Wilson's "In Place of Strife" would have gone, had it been implemented. Where Thatcher differed in her approach from the previous Labour governments, was only in the fact that she never sought an explicit agreement with the union leaders - at least not publicly.
But, contrary to a common myth, she didn't really seek to undermine or discredit them - after all, they could still play a useful role in policing the working class! Thatcher's real target was the working class itself. If she presented some of her measures as being designed to "curb the unions' power" - mostly for the benefit of the right-wingers in her own party - they were primarily aimed at undermining the self-confidence of the working class by destroying the prevailing illusion that a "strong" trade-union movement would always protect workers against any attack. At the same time, she cracked down on picketing, solidarity action and unofficial strikes, which had been the main vehicles of working class militancy over the previous two decades.
Both solidarity action and unofficial strikes proved difficult to curb. Two years into her first term, Thatcher failed to prevent unofficial walkouts from developing into an all-out strike at British Steel. So her 1982 Employment Act banned solidarity action, while making the union machineries liable for damages in the case of illegal strikes. However, implementing this legislation was a question of balance of forces as the miners showed, in 1984, when illegal solidarity action and flying pickets brought the coal pits to a standstill across the country. And the introduction of compulsory secret strike ballots, shortly after the beginning of the strike, did not stop the miners from defying the law. Nor did it force them back to work - at least not before the following year.
With regard to pickets, there was not all that much Thatcher could do either, despite the legislation introduced as early as 1980 in order to curb picketing. Of course, pickets could be charged with obstruction or threatening behaviour by the police and massive policing could be used against them. But, ultimately, it was also a matter of balance of forces and, seven years into Thatcher's rule, in 1986, no amount of policing managed to stop the year-long illegal mass picketing of Murdoch's printing plant, in Wapping.
In fact, it took until 1992 for the Tories to consider that the level of militancy had subsided enough for them to risk introducing the present stringent restrictions on the right to strike, including postal strike ballots and all the legal hoop-jumping they involve - which is what Cameron now wants to complicate even further.
The union machineries and the anti-strike laws
The fact that Thatcher did not want to be seen negotiating with union leaders didn't mean that she didn't take into account their concerns, interests and wishes. There is plenty of evidence that she wanted to avoid a head-on confrontation with the TUC. For example, she made a point of stopping a Tory backbencher from introducing a measure which would have required union members to "opt in" individually to their union's political fund - probably because she didn't want to create major headaches for union leaders in their efforts to raise funds for Labour. Moreover she continued Labour's past policy of providing trade union officials with positions in state institutions, offering them, for instance, hundreds of full-time jobs in bodies such as the Manpower Services Commission or the 54 area boards in charge of operating her new Youth Training Schemes.
In return, the TUC leaders caved in, in front of the potential threat to their assets, should they fall on the wrong side of the law. Not only did they stop short of trying to organise any effective response to Thatcher's attacks against the right to strike, but they joined the politicians' and media furore in condemning the so-called "violence" of the strikers, both during the steel and miners' strike - and, in fact, during every subsequent militant strike during the course of the 1980s.
For workers, of course, the successive employment acts introduced from 1980 onwards resulted in a gradual erosion of their rights - from their right to take industrial action, to whatever protection they had against redundancies and unfair dismissal, for instance. And the bosses were quick to take advantage of the changes in legislation, by turning the screw on unruly, militant workers.
The union machineries were not as much affected as their members, though. The laws allowing the courts to sequestrate union funds were hardly ever used - only three times, in fact - and those making union leaders liable for damages caused by unofficial or illegal strikes, never. Moreover, Thatcher's threat to terminate the check-off system in the public sector was never carried out. It is only today, 36 years later, that Cameron includes this threat in his Trade-Union Bill - except that, at a time when direct debit arrangements have become so common, the check-off is no longer as vital as it used to be for the union machineries. Meanwhile, the partnership between the union machineries, the bosses and the state remained as close as ever, even if it took forms which were different from those of the 1960s-70s.
While the union machineries didn't suffer much from the anti-strike legislation, they extensively used it to control the membership. The "legal obligation" of organising postal strike ballots - something that only the union apparatus can do - has been systematically used to deprive members on the ground of any initiative. At the same time, by invoking the potential threat that this legislation represents for them and calling on members to "Defend your union", union leaders keep using it to cover up their own reluctance to organise any fight back against the bosses' and government's attacks.
A question of balance of forces
During all these years of hiding behind the anti-strike laws, the union machineries have been doing their best to discredit industrial action as an effective weapon for workers to defend their material interests and to dismiss working class solidarity as a thing of the past. This suited, very well, their own sectional outlook and their fear that the working class might, at some stage, come to realise the extent of its collective strength and its ability to rock the boat of the profit system.
No wonder the TUC's response to Cameron's Trade-Union Bill has been remarkably muted - regardless, even, of the practical consequences it may have for the union machineries. So far, only symbolic protests have been organised - a march at the Tory party conference in October and a rally outside Parliament during the Bill's third reading. But that is about it. There is no question of calling on workers to mobilise against this Bill except in the form of... a letter to their MPs!
In fact, union leaders have been making spineless overtures to Cameron. The TUC did so implicitly by complaining that the Bill did not include any provisions for "electronic voting". Unite was more explicit in a September submission to the government, which said, for instance: "Unite is prepared to sit down with the Government and discuss secure workplace ballots... If the Government and Unite can agree to secure workplace balloting then the argument about thresholds would have less significance for Unite" - by "secure workplace balloting", was meant the use of electronic and online voting. The following month, in a letter to Cameron leaked by the Observer, Unite's "left-wing" leader, Len McCluskey went even further: "Were you to be able to accept this modern and democratic proposal to update balloting procedures then Unite, for its part, would be comfortable about accepting the thresholds and the time limit on the validity of ballots proposed in the trade union bill, without prejudice to our position on other elements of the legislation."
So, yes, the union leadership can live - and is willing to live - with most of the provisions of this Trade Union Bill, just as they've done with other similar legislation in the past.
As for the working class, it will be just another obstacle to its ability to use its collective strength - but not much more than that. After all, the working class movement was built over many decades by workers who had no right to be organised and faced the rigour of the law every time they went on strike - because striking was illegal. In fact, no gain would have ever been achieved by the working class in the past without breaking laws which were written by and for their capitalist exploiters.
Ultimately, whether the laws of the bosses are enforced depends on whether workers allow them to be enforceable - it is a question of balance of forces. As the experience of the past four decades shows, it was the militancy of the working class which pushed aside the legal obstacles that the bosses were putting to its fights. The union leaders were never of much help in this respect - due to their conservatism and determination to preserve their partnerships with the bosses. But time and again, workers found a way to by-pass the straitjacket imposed on their collective strength by the union machineries. And they will find it again, at one point or another. The Camerons of this world won't bury the class struggle - rather it is the class struggle that will bury them.
16 November 2015
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2 edition of Through science to God found in the catalog.
Through science to God
Floyd L. Darrow
|Statement||by Floyd L. Darrow ...|
|LC Classifications||BL240 .D33|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||309|
|LC Control Number||25021594|
The book breaks down into several sections: the first taking on the terms of the debate over science and religion. Terms, according to Barr, a Roman Catholic, that can be misleading. Sub-title: Discovering God through Modern Science Author: Christopher S. Davis Language: English Subject: Science/Religion Publisher: Motif Press Pre-release Date: Jan 8, (Kindle Version Only) Publication Date: (Print Release Date) Go to: Preface.
Without thinking it through, I jumped from science to scientism—from the fact that science can explain a lot to the assumption that it can explain everything. However, just because the advancement of science has taught us new things about how the universe works, that doesn’t tell us . Understanding God through Science I apologize for the wall of text, this is an essay I've been thinking about for a while and I'm interested in feedback. Nature is God.
The story of the Hebrews departing from Egypt after ‘God’ cursed the Egyptians with ten plagues sounds like a fairy tale in which a vengeful God with superpowers punishes the Egyptians for not letting the Hebrews leave Egypt. One of the most impressive of these displays of power was when God split the water in two so that the Hebrews could pass through. Gary’s talk introduced me to his recent book, Laying Down Arms to Heal the Creation-Evolution Divide, one of the most original contributions to the vast literature on “science and the Bible” that I have seen. His personal story of a scientist who met Jesus as an adult is encouraging, and his vision of reality compelling.
Doing business in India
Omar of Glenalvon
Essays and sketches
Black-footed ferret reintroduction in Shirley Basin, Wyoming
Paris chit-chat, or, A view of the society, manners, customs, literature, and amuseuments of the Parisians
Standard fire precautions P5.
The road to immortality
University of Liverpool calendar
Heart-histories and life-pictures
Babys Bible Friends
Peter Russell went from being a strict atheist and scientist to discovering a profound personal synthesis of the mystical and the scientific.
That transition is the basis of this book. In From Science to God, he blends physics, psychology, and philosophy to reach a new worldview in which consciousness is a fundamental quality of by: Although Counting to God is substantially a work of science, Ell writes in plain English - a “science for non-scientists” style - and gives examples in the form of thought exercises to illustrate concepts such as the true scale of very large numbers (critical to understanding what exactly can occur through random events over time).
How careful is the science?/5(78). Peter Russell went from being a strict atheist and scientist to discovering a profound personal synthesis of the mystical and the scientific.
That transition is the basis of this book. In From Science to God, he blends physics, psychology, and philosophy to reach a new worldview in which consciousness is a fundamental quality of creation/5.
The science portion of the book is terrific and for the most part doesn't fly too far above my head. The insights are well thought out and the examples he presents usually help to clarify what is being described. It is clearly evident that God has given him tremendous wisdom /5(72).
Well written and clear. Author does a relatively good job walking you through the scientific rationale for a supreme creator. There is some redundancy but if you are at a point in your life where you are seeking a reason to believe in God, the book will guide in that direction.
It makes the case that one does /5(47). Well written and clear. Author does a relatively good job walking you through the scientific rationale for a supreme creator. There is some redundancy but if you are at a point in your life where you are seeking a reason to believe in God, the book will guide in that direction.
It makes the case that one does /5(42). This timely reissue of The Science of God features a brand-new preface by Schroeder and a compelling appendix that addresses the highly publicized experiment in in which scientists attempted to re-create the chemical composition of the cosmos immediately after the Big Bang.
It also details Schroeder’s lucid explanations of complex scientific and religious concepts, such as the theory of relativity, the Cited by: About the Author.
Mike McHargue, also known as "Science Mike," is a Christian turned atheist turned follower of Jesus who uses his story to help people know God in an age of science. Mike is the host and co-host of two podcasts--Ask Science Mike and The Liturgists Podcast--that have attracted a curious following among Christians, Cited by: 1.
To the Christian, science is merely that branch of discovery that categorizes, discovers, and utilizes the knowledge woven into the fabric of the universe by a Sovereign, All Powerful, and Omniscient, Creator.
Science is not the end of all things, but merely one of the means by which man may glorify God. Cosmos is one of the bestselling science books of all time. In clear-eyed prose, Sagan reveals a jewel-like blue world inhabited by a life form that is just beginning to discover its own identity and to venture into the vast ocean of space.
Brilliant in its scope and provocative. Books shelved as science-and-faith: The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief by Francis S.
Collins, The Lost World of Genesis One: A. The idea is that ‘theology’ means knowledge about God’s existence and nature, and a revealed theology would be knowledge of God’s existence and nature that we acquire through some kind of divine revelation – through a prophet that God has sent, or through a sacred book that he has inspired.
The Science of God is just one of Dr. Schroder's books (each of which deal with science and theology). This particular book is subtitled 'The convergence of scientific and One of the things I love about this book is that Dr. Schroeder has his Ph.D. from MIT (nuclear physics)/5.
Science applied to the earth and organisms helps us better rule the creation for God’s glory. Science applied to the earth and organisms helps us better rule the creation for God’s glory. For example, as we better understand bacteria in earth systems, we should become more effective at cleaning up pollution and dealing with waste.
A number of recent books and articles would have you believe that—somehow—science has now disproved the existence of God. We know so much about how the Author: Amir D.
Aczel. Additional Physical Format: Online version: Tyndall, Charles Herbert, Through science to God. New York, Chicago: Fleming H. Revell Co., Shop for Books at and browse categories like Young Adult Books, Children's Books, Mystery Books, Adult Coloring Books and Cook Books.
Save money. Live better. Unsubscribe from The Club. Want to watch this again later. Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video. Sign in to report inappropriate content.
Sign in to make your. From the host of the popular podcasts, The Liturgists Podcast and Ask Science Mike, a story of having faith, losing it, and finding it again through sciencerevealing how the latest in neuroscience, physics, and biology help us understand God, faith, and ourselves. What do you do when God dies.
It's a question facing millions today, as science reveals a Universe that's/5. Sandage began to despair of answering such questions through reason alone, and so, at 50, he willed himself to accept God.
"It was my science that drove me to the conclusion that the world is much. In God, Science, and Reason, Michael Bunner shows how the new atheists fail to evaluate evidence with an unbiased approach, but assume the absence of the supernatural through scientific naturalism and philosophical materialism.
The book is a good resource for Christian youth and their parents to counter the anti-theism of the universities/5.The church does not need science to function, of course, but the acknowledgment of discoveries, and the flexibility to adapt to new information, aids in bringing God to others, tearing down those.It is He who sits above the circle of the earth, And its inhabitants are like grasshoppers, Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain And spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.
From Thematic Bible. Science» Observations of, and deductions from, facts. Science» The key of knowledge. Science» .
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Do you know what causes a car to backfire? Many people don’t, and that’s because it can be a pretty complex process. In this blog post, we will discuss what causes a car to backfire and how you can prevent it from happening. We’ll also provide some tips on what you can do if your car does start to backfire.
What is backfiring?
When a car backfires, it’s usually because the fuel mixture in the engine is too lean. This can happen for a number of reasons, including a faulty oxygen sensor, a leaking intake manifold gasket, or a problem with the fuel injectors. Whatever the cause, backfiring can damage the engine and cause all sorts of other problems.
Most mechanics will tell you that the best way to prevent backfiring is to make sure your car is properly tuned. That means regularly checking and adjusting the air/fuel mixture, spark plug gap, and other factors that can affect engine performance. By keeping your car in top condition, you can help prevent backfiring and keep your engine running smoothly.
What causes a car to backfire?
There are a few different things that can cause a car to backfire. The most common cause is an issue with the carburetor. If the carburetor isn’t functioning properly, it can cause the car to backfire. Another possible cause is a problem with the ignition system. If the spark plugs or wires are faulty, they can cause the car to backfire.
Finally, a clogged exhaust system can also lead to a car backfiring. If the exhaust pipe is blocked, it can cause pressure to build up in the engine, which can eventually lead to a backfire. Whatever the cause, it’s important to have a mechanic take a look at your car if it starts backfiring. Otherwise, you could end up doing serious damage to your engine.
How can I prevent my car from backfiring?
One of the most unpleasant and embarrassing things that can happen to a driver is for their car to backfire. Not only is it startling, but it can also be damaging to the engine.
Fortunately, there are a few simple steps that you can take to help prevent your car from backfiring. First, make sure that your gas tank is filled with a fresh, high-quality gasoline. Old or contaminated gas can cause your engine to run less efficiently and may lead to backfiring. Second, check your spark plugs and replace them if they are worn or damaged.
Finally, have your car’s exhaust system checked regularly for leaks. If there are any holes or cracks in the system, exhaust gases can escape and cause the engine to backfire. By following these simple tips, you can help ensure that your car runs smoothly and doesn’t experience any embarrassing backfires.
What should I do if my car starts to backfire?
If your car starts to backfire, there are a few things you can do to try and fix the problem. First, check your gas cap to make sure it is tight. If it is loose, Tighten it and see if that solves the problem. If the gas cap is not the issue, then you may need to clean or replace your spark plugs.
You can clean them yourself with a wire brush, or you can replace them with new ones. Either way, be sure to Gap them correctly. Finally, if neither of those solutions works, you may need to have your fuel injectors cleaned or replaced. If you take your car to a mechanic, they will be able to diagnose the problem and fix it for you.
Tips for preventing backfires
Most drivers have experienced the sudden, loud pop of a backfire at some point. Though it can be startling, a backfire is usually harmless and easy to fix. Backfires occur when unburned fuel Ignites in the exhaust system, causing a small explosion.
This can happen for a number of reasons, including a dirty air filter, an improperly timed engine, or a fuel mixture that is too rich. Fortunately, there are a few simple steps that can help to prevent backfires. First, make sure to regularly check and replace your air filter. A clean air filter will allow your engine to breathe properly and prevent unburned fuel from accumulating in the exhaust system. Second, keep your engine tuned up according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
This will ensure that the timing is correct and help to prevent combustion problems. Finally, don’t forget to regularly check your fuel mixture and make adjustments as needed. By following these simple tips, you can help to keep your car running smoothly and prevent those pesky backfires.
Common causes of a car backfire
Many people have experienced the loud, unexpected sound of a car backfire. While it may be startling, in most cases it is no cause for alarm. Backfiring occurs when unburned fuel is ignited in the exhaust system, and it can have a variety of causes. One common cause is incorrect timing.
If the spark plugs are firing too early or too late, it can cause the fuel to ignite before it leaves the combustion chamber. This can also happen if the timing belt is loose or has skipped a tooth. Another possible cause is a lean fuel mixture. If there is too much air and not enough fuel in the mixture, it can cause unburned fuel to build up in the exhaust system.
Backfiring can also be caused by a defective oxygen sensor or catalytic converter. In most cases, backfiring is relatively harmless and will stop on its own once the problem is corrected. However, if it continues to occur, it could be an indication of a more serious issue and should be inspected by a qualified mechanic.
How to fix a car that backfires
Backfiring is caused when unburned fuel is ignited in the exhaust system. Sometimes this can be caused by a spark plug firing at the wrong time. Other times, it may be caused by a problem with the fuel injectors. If you’re experiencing backfiring, there are a few things you can do to try to fix the problem.
First, check your spark plugs and replace them if necessary. Then, make sure your fuel injectors are clean and working properly. Finally, check your exhaust system for leaks. If you find any, seal them up to prevent further backfiring. With a little bit of effort, you should be able to fix your car’s backfiring problem.
When to take your car to a mechanic
Taking your car to the mechanic can be a hassle, and it’s often tempting to put it off until there’s an obvious problem. However, there are some situations where it’s important to take your car in for servicing even if everything seems to be working properly. For example, if your car starts to backfire, it could be a sign that the spark plugs need to be replaced. Ignoring this problem could lead to more serious engine damage down the road.
Similarly, if you notice that your car is making strange noises when you turn the steering wheel, it could be an indication that the power steering fluid needs to be refilled. Although these problems may not seem like a big deal at first, they can quickly become expensive repairs if left unchecked. As a result, it’s always better to err on the side of caution and take your car in for servicing as soon as possible.
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Flex seal is a type of sealant that can be used on a variety of surfaces, including hot water pipes. It is made up of a rubberized sealant material that is applied to the surface in question. Once it is applied, it will create a watertight seal that can help to prevent leaks and other issues.
How To Flex Seal Work On Hot Water Pipes
Flex seal is a sealant that is used to protect and waterproof surfaces. It is a liquid that is applied to a surface, and then it dries to form a rubber-like seal. Flex seal can be used on a variety of surfaces, including metal, plastic, wood, and concrete. It can also be used to seal joints and seams. When flex seal is used on hot water pipes, it helps to prevent leaks and keep the water inside the pipes warm.
-flex seal -hot water pipe
- Spray the flex seal on to the pipe and let it dry
- Clean the surface of the pipe with a degreaser
- If needed, add a second coat
- Purchase a can of flex seal
– Flex seal is a rubberized sealant that comes in a spray can. – It is used to create a watertight seal on a variety of surfaces, including metal, plastic, and wood. – Flex seal is not recommended for use on hot water pipes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Flex Seal Work On Hot Water Pipes?
No, Flex Seal is not effective on hot water pipes.
How Do You Seal A Leaking Hot Water Pipe?
Waterproof tape or a sealant can be used to seal a leaking hot water pipe.
Does Flex Seal Withstand Heat?
Yes, Flex Seal withstands heat.
Flex seal is a rubberized sealant that can be used to patch and repair leaks in a variety of surfaces, including hot water pipes. It is easy to apply and can be used as a temporary or permanent fix.
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The assignment for week six will help you develop your critical eye when it comes to reading the literature. The goal is for you to use this as an opportunity to identify the research design and methods that are being carried out by the authors. This skill will serve you moving forward as it will allow you to draw from the literature for your own research moving forward. Looking to the literature for clues can be helpful when it comes to designing your own research as you move forward in the program.
Select two articles from the list below—ONE FROM THE QUALITATIVE LIST AND ONE FROM THE QUANTITATIVE LIST and in two pages double-spaced (per article) address the following:
1. Include the full reference for the article using the writing style specific to your program on the title page.
a. Criminal Justice = APA
2. State the main goal(s) of the study
3. Summarize the research design and discuss the research method(s) used to answer the research question or assess the hypothesis.
4. Summarize the results of the study.
5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the study’s research design.
6. Provide a discussion on how the study can be moved forward. For example, how can the methods be used in your own research proposal? In what other research might these methods apply? Include two well phrased research questions that could be used in follow-on studies to the one reviewed.
7. Things to keep in mind:
8. Avoid using the first person in formal writing and instead write with an academic voice throughout. Academic voice is usually written in the third person (he, she, it), not first person (I, we) or second person (you). Be consistent in voice and person. See Grammar Girl, “First, Second, and Third Person,” Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, January 20, 2011, http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/first-second-and-third-person.aspx/. Furthermore, the academic voice avoids abbreviations, contractions, jargon, and slang. Even informal academic discussions are more formal than casual chats among friends.
9. The body of your work should be made up of no more than 20% direct quotes.
THIS IS WHAT I CHOSE FOR BOTH ARTICLES BELOW
Martinez-Prather, Kathy, Joseph M. McKenna, and Scott W. Bowman. 2016. “The School-to-Prison Pipeline: How Roles of School-Based Law Enforcement Officers May Impact Disciplinary Actions.”
Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology
4, no. 2 (November):
Mitchell, Meghan M., Kallee Spooner, Di Jia, and Yan Zhang. 2016. “The Effect of Prison Visitation on Reentry Success: A Meta-Analysis.”
Journal of Criminal Justice 47 (December): 74-83.
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Kampala, Uganda | URN | The Health Ministry has dropped its earlier decision requiring all people showing up for COVID-19 vaccination to present National Identification cards (IDs).
The Health Minister, Dr. Ruth Aceng, says they have put in place new measures to identify the beneficiaries.
The minister’s announcement comes a few days after the Initiative for Social Economic Rights and Unwanted Witnesses petitioned court challenging the decision by the Ministry to use only National Identity cards to identify COVID-19 vaccine beneficiaries, saying this would leave out many Ugandans who have never received national IDs or have lost them.
COVID-19 vaccination begins today Wednesday 10, March 2021 at the Mulago National Specialized National Referral Hospital. At the national level, vaccination will take place at Health Center IIIs and IVs, district hospitals and regional referral hospitals.
The first priority groups include health workers estimated to be 150,000, teachers and security personnel.
Dr. Alfred Driwale, the programme manager of Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunization (UNEPI), says they have set up measures to avoid cases where non-Ugandans are vaccinated at the cost of Ugandans.
The health ministry is planning to vaccinate around 22 million people aged 18 and above. However, the country has so far received 964,000 vaccines donated by the Chinese and Indian governments. According to Dr. Driwale, they need to make sure that only eligible persons get the vaccine because there are no excess doses.
“The demand for the vaccines is high but there’s no supply. Now, if we do not register people and make sure, only Ugandans get the vaccines, then the people we are trying to protect will not be protected. Yet we do not have any excess vaccines in this case. We do not even have enough to vaccinate everyone now,” he said.
Each beneficiary of the vaccination exercise will receive a vaccination card after his or her first jab and a certificate after the second jab.
“We are going to issue certificates with a national seal because the way things are going, people might not be allowed to travel without a certificate just like in the case of Yellow fever,” Dr. Driwale said.
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- story by MaterialDistrict
Designer Bas Froon developed a ‘micromoulding’ machine that makes it possible to locally change material qualities from a soft material into a strong and lightweight plastic. By doing this, he can keep the tactile qualities of the raw material, while giving it more strength to be used in various furniture, fashion and textile type of applications.
This process uses various base shapes and digital pattern files. Each product or sheet of material can be different and will have the desired strength or tactility where needed. It is possible to mould the raw material locally up to 100% to make functional parts in the same sheet. Also, automated joining of multiple layers and 3D shaping out of one sheet is possible.
The micromoulding process makes uses thermoplastic composite materials: natural fibres or recycled textiles combined with biobased plastic like PLA. The photos show the following composites: cellulose/PLA (white), flax/PLA (brown), recycled KLM uniforms/PLA (blue). But many other combinations of (natural) fibres and (bio)plastic can be processed, both in woven and non-woven form.
The raw materials are made available by the HvA – RECURF project and the Centre of Expertise Biobased Economy (‘Lectoraat Biobased Bouwen’) of the Avans Hogeschool and HZ University of Applied Sciences.
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Creating a Happy & Inspiring Workplace Culture depends on so many details. Still, there’s always a small but meaningful action that you can take to improve it, especially for such stressful yet compassionate professions as a caregiver. Meditation is undoubtedly one of those actions! Is it the ultimate wellness hack?
Meditation at Work is a Potential Game-changer
Whether it’s a caregiver job or any other, meditation can be that game-changer. Over the past few decades, much research and studies have been done on meditation, revealing plenty of science-based benefits! Let’s explore meditation at work and what it can do for you.
5 Main Benefits of Meditation at Work
- A bit of Me time
Let’s take a caregiver job as an example. Being “on-call” almost all day can leave one feeling constantly overwhelmed and worried without any real “me time.” However, one could win back some “me time” with meditation.
Setting aside just ten simple minutes and going as quiet as possible in mind can do wonders for the rest of the shift or the day.
Let’s not forget that meditation is ultimately a tool for self-care that provides a necessary pause to center yourself.
- Reduced Stress & Burnout
Stress and burnout are common in all workplaces and it is a serious issue that impacts personal life with disrupted sleeping patterns, more anxiety, increased blood pressure, and fogy thinking. And reducing all of these issues is the most common reason people meditate in the first place. Over the years, plenty of studies such as this or this one showed how meditation decreases cortisol levels and the inflammation it causes in our bodies and brains.
Science, spiritual community, celebrities, you name it – everyone is standing behind meditation to cope with our busy work schedules and stress; therefore, it should be highly considered in stressful work conditions.
- Being in Control of Anxiety
Anxiety is one of the most substantial results of stress. But what if you could not only reduce anxiety but also control it? Believe it or not, meditation can help you do that.
The transcendental meditation technique was found to reduce overall anxiety. And those who had the highest anxiety levels felt the most positive outcome!
What about a study that was directly aimed at work-related anxiety? The positive results are also there as one study found employees improve their overall wellbeing and reduce stress when using a meditation app for eight weeks!
- Improved Attention Span
Attention and focus are required in any profession, but let’s go back to the caregivers of our world. The incredible amount of attention caregivers give every day is outstanding and tiresome. Over time, the focus and attention span decreases due to overuse and burnout.
According to this study, even a brief and short mindfulness meditation can improve attention span in the long run.
Another similar research paper shows how those who regularly practiced meditation had a great attention span and did better on visual tasks than those who didn’t meditate at all!
- Improves Memory & Cognition
In all of the chaos at work, one can lose its mind and start forgetting many things in the process. And a few particular studies stands out as an example of how meditation can improve memory.
A study done in 2018 by the University of California reveals how intensive meditation training increased cognition, thus improving problem-solving, decision-making, critical thinking, and crisis management! That’s a lot of benefits!
Another study was done on the military and how meditation impacts the military’s personnel memory. Two military groups – one that performed meditation and the other who carried on with the regular routine had a completely different result. Contrary to those who did not meditate, the ones who did had no decrease in working memory.
Conclusion + Extra Tips
As you can see, a little meditation in your workplace can go a long way to improve the essential functions and aspects of your mental health. Don’t hesitate; give it a try and see how it slowly works wonders!
About the Author
Vytautas is an enthusiastic freelance writer and creator on behalf of https://mindfulsouls.com/. He has a strong passion for mindfulness and exploring the boundaries of life through the written word.
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Imagine if you were mending your car and accidentally bruised your finger while doing so, and feel a sudden rush of pain. After nursing the wound the injury heals and voila! There is no more pain and this is not chronic as well.
apparent pain is different than your regular one. Chronic pain is defined as a persistent pain which lasts for weeks to years. In layman terms, chronic pain lasts long and earlier what was referred to an age issue has now crossed age barriers and can onset as early as in a 6-year-old. Doctors define chronic pain as pain that lasts for 3 to 6 months or more.
What Causes Chronic Pain?
Let’s go back to the starting of the article, the reason you feel the pain when you have accidentally bruised your finger is that of a series of messages that runs through your nervous system. Your injury turns on the pain sensors which send messages to your brain in the form of electrical signals. Your brain then processes this signal, and a signal is transmitted to repair the injury. Once the injury is healed and the cause of the pain is resolved, your brain stops sending these signals as it is no more needed. Unlike this, what happens in chronic pain is that these signals or messages do not stop and you still feel pain in some part of your body, in this example your finger.
There are no defined reasons as to why some feel chronic pain while others don’t and it can start because of no obvious reasons. But years of medical experience says that in many it starts because of some health condition or some previous injury. Some of the causes are
- Past surgeries or injuries
- Nerve damage
- Back problems, migraines or some other form of a headache.
Categories of Chronic Pain
Your body feels pain in a different part and due to a different reason, giving classification to the type of chronic pain. 7 classifications are accepted throughout by all medical practitioners.
- Chronic primary pain: It means having continuous pain for more than three months in one or more anatomical regions which can’t be explained.
- Chronic cancer pain: Pain caused due to treatment related to musculoskeletal, visceral, or having bony pain as well as cancer pain.
- Chronic posttraumatic pain: any pain that lasts three months’ post-trauma or surgery, this does not include infectious or preexisting conditions.
- Chronic neuropathic pain: caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system.
- A chronic headache and orofacial pain: originating in the head or face, and occurs for 50% or more days over a three months’ period.
- Chronic visceral pain: originating in an internal organ.
- Chronic musculoskeletal pain: originating in the bones, muscles, joints or connective tissue.
What are its Symptoms?
As the pain ranges from mild to severe, what needs to be checked here is if it is persistent. Some of the symptoms are consistent stiffness, soreness, burning or shooting pain, a dull ache, trouble in sleeping, mood changes, lack of energy etc. We recommend that you see a doctor if you have one or more of these symptoms. Don’t be alarmed, it may or may not be chronic pain, but it’s always better to be safe than sorry.
What are the Treatments?
Before we tell you about the treatments, we want you to understand that chronic pain cannot be treated. Don’t be disheartened by this, as chronic pain can very well be managed to make you do your day to day activities with ease and comfort. A doctor usually prescribes your treatment depending on the pain intensity and your health.
- Medication: O over the counter pain relief drugs are prescribed to treat chronic pain. Some of these are household names like ibuprofen or aspirin. We strictly recommend you not indulge in self-treatment and seek a doctor so that he/she can prescribe the best medication program for you.
- Medical Procedure: Depending on your condition your doctor may recommend therapies like acupuncture, nerve block, electrical stimulation, or surgery. Surgeries are done to correct injuries that may have been improperly healed and that may be contributing to the pain.
- Lifestyle changes: These include lifestyle changes that ask for your active involvement. These may be slow but are effective therapies and involve taking up Yoga, Tai Chi, psychotherapy, massage, and art and music therapy.
Chronic pain does not only take a toll on your physical health but also your mental health as well. But the good news is that can be managed by your active involvement, seek a professional help and get help from your closed ones if you are having difficulty in maintaining the day to day activities.
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UK Defence Secretary, Ben Wallace, announced today a new Army Cyber Regiment, to be designated the ‘13th Signal Regiment’ has been now set up in order to protect frontline operations from any digital attacks – Ben Wallace announcement today.
13th Signal Regiment
13th Signal Regiment, will be UK Armed Forces’ first wholly dedicated Cyber Regiment, was ‘stood up’ on Mon., Jun. 1 & has in effect re-established the Berlin-based 13th (Radio) Signal Regiment.
This was disbanded in 1994 (at the end of the Cold War), & itself replaced the historic pioneering WW2 ‘1st Special Wireless Group.’
The action recognises that adversaries & hostile forces are operating in cyberspace currently, creating a new cyber ‘frontline’, adding to the usual arenas of Land, Sea & Air – with no physical borders but a ‘new space’ with its own defence needs.
13th Signal Regiment will function both in the UK & overseas. They will supply so-called ‘digital armour’ for service-people operating overseas, ensuring both commanders & soldiers have secure communications.
Wallace commented ”This is a step-change in the modernisation of the UK Armed Forces for information warfare. Cyber-attacks are every bit as deadly as those faced on the physical battlefield, so we must prepare to defend ourselves from all those who would do us harm & 13th Signal Regiment is a vital addition to that defence.
“The 13th Signal Regiment is a regiment of the British Army within 1st (UK) Signal Brigade, under the command of 6th (UK) Division, responsible for conducting information manoeuvre & unconventional warfare, in support of the whole Armed Forces.
“The specialist unit will provide the basis of the new Army Cyber Information Security Operations Centre, focusing on the protection of Defence’s cyber domain, & it will work with the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force to provide secure networks for all military communications.
“13th Signal Regiment will also provide specialist technical support for a hub to test & implement next generation information capabilities.”
Based at many ‘key locations’ around an HQ located in Blandford, Dorset, 13th Signal Regiment will have at its heart a key team of 250 specialist servicemen & women who possess relevant ‘high-end’ technical skills.
Cap badges & RN & RAF
A number of existing cyber functions are being drawn together from all across the British Army to set-up the regiment, with staff from 15 different ‘cap badges’ represented in the 1st personnel intake, with additional specialist Royal Navy & RAF involvement.
This regiment will break-down into a number of ‘Cyber Protection Teams’ with also technical staff who will secure the cyber domain for troops on military deployment.
Chief of the General Staff
Chief of the General Staff, General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith added “13th Signal Regiment is the British Army’s brand-new cyber regiment – matching cutting-edge technology with cyber-fit soldiers to compete & win in the Information Age.
Brigadier John Collyer, Commander 1st (UK) Signal Brigade, observed ”The re-formation of 13th Signal Regiment is an exciting step forward as the Royal Signals, Army & wider Defence rapidly drives up their potency and resilience in the information environment & cyber domain.”
A highly positive development.
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The Bahamas is undoubtedly among the most sought-after tourist destinations in the world. The country offers a diverse range of attractions for fun-loving tourists. While there are many attractions scattered across the Bahamian islands and cays, one attraction, in particular, takes every visitor’s fancy; Pig Beach, located in Big Major Cay, is one of the most visited attractions in the country and with good reason.
Here’s all you need to know about Pig Beach!
Pig Beach Folklore
There are several stories regarding the pigs on Pig Beach, most of which are just fanciful speculation. One of the main stories is that the pigs were left here by sailors who wanted to cook them and eat them when they get back, but they never got back, and the pigs, apparently, were able to survive on the food washed ashore from shipwrecks.
Some believe that the pigs swam here from a shipwreck. But the story that’s likely to be true is that the pigs were left here by the residents of Staniel Cay because they smelled horrible, and some speculate that they left the pigs here to raise them as food.
Are There Pigs On Bahamian Beaches?
Yes, there are pigs living on the beaches in the Bahamas. Pig Beach isn’t the only place where you can see wild pigs in the country; there are several other islands inhabited by pigs. But Pig Beach is the name that comes to mind when talking about swimming pigs in the Bahamas.
Where is Pig Beach?
Pig Beach belong to Exuma Islands, which is a cluster of islets located just 80 miles from Nassau; there are 365 Exuma cays. Most visitors like to stay in Nassau, but the Exuma Islands offer several accommodation options as well. Pig Beach is located on Big Major Cay, and the island isn’t inhabited by humans.
The Landscape of Pig Beach
The island, Big Major Cay or Big Exuma Cays, is only a mile in length. It has similar features to other Bahamian islands – soft white sands speckled with palm trees and the crystal clear waters of the Caribbean Sea are some of the mesmerising details of the cay.
What You Should Know About The Pigs At Pig Beach
The estimated number of swimming pigs on the beach is 20 to 25. They range from piglets to adult pigs in size; the biggest and the oldest of the pigs is called Big Momma. These pigs are feral, but they are used to the human presence and rely on tourists for food.
When Should You Visit Swimming Pigs?
You can visit the swimming pigs any time you want, but avoid the high season if you can; the beach tends to get a little crowded during this time. September to mid-November is the offseason; the beach sees fewer visitors. The peak season spans from December to January, which is when the beach is packed with tourists – the Christmas time is particularly busy for the beach. June to September is the low season; the island is practically empty during this time, but this is also the hurricane season, so you best avoid it.
Also, in the morning, pigs are all active and energetic to get their food, but in the evening, they are a bit sleepy and like to lie around on the beach. Afternoons are an excellent time though; the pigs are still active and will readily come for a swim with you!
What’s The Closest Neighbourhood To Big Major Cay?
Staniel Cay is the closest neighbourhood to Pig Beach; it is only ten minutes by boat.
How To Get To Pig Beach
There are several ways you can travel to Pig Beach, but it’ll always be part of a tour. Getting here from Staniel Cay involves a ten-minute boat ride, and if you are travelling from Great Exuma, it’s a 2-hour boat ride. Travelling from Nassau involves a thirty-five-minute flight journey to Staniel Cay, and the rest of the journey is covered by a 3-hour speedboat ride. If you are travelling directly from Florida, it’s one hour by air to Andros Island, another forty-five minutes to Staniel Cay, and the rest of the journey consists of a boat ride.
All these travel options are part of day group tours. But if you can spare the money, you can request a private tour and have the amazing pigs all to yourself for a while.
How Much Will It Cost To Swim With The Pigs?
Prices change according to the season, time of your visit, and the type of tour you’ve chosen. But here’s an approximate price breakdown:
- Speedboat from Nassau – Around USD 400 per person
- Plane from Nassau – Around USD 500 per person and USD 250 per child
- From Staniel Cay – Around USD 250 per person and USD 100 per child
- Private tour from Staniel Cay – Starting from USD 1,000 for the smallest boat, which can accommodate four people.
- From Florida – the costs range from USD 630 to USD 900
All these prices are subject to change; there are many special offers and tour packages available; some companies offer private tours too – when choosing a package, compare prices, read reviews, and find the package that suits you the best.
Can You Stay On Pig Beach?
Most tourists choose to stay on other islands close to Pig Beach, but the Exuma Islands are home to several resorts, hotels, and restaurants as well. However, Big Major Cay is uninhabited, so you cannot really stay at Pig Beach.
What You Should Know About Visiting Pig Beach And Guided Tours
You can’t spend the entire day with the pigs. Most tours allow tourists to spend around fifteen minutes with the pigs, but if you want more time, you need to spend a bit more money and go for a private tour, even then, you will only get around half an hour with the pigs.
Most of these guided tours include other activities like swimming with sharks, diving, and snorkelling. Also, pigs don’t always swim in the sea; if you are visiting in the late afternoon, you are likely to see them snoozing on the beach. Remember that you cannot always have the pigs all to yourself, even if you are on a private tour; you will have to share your time with other visitors.
Other Things To Do And See
Aside from swimming with pigs, most guided tours include visiting Thunderball Grotto, swimming with sharks at Compass Cay, and visiting Bitter Guana Cay to see iguanas. Apart from snapping pictures with pigs and feeding them, there isn’t much else to do here at the beach, but most tourists like to relax and sunbathe here.
You might also be interested in : Best Places to Visit in the Bahamas
What You Should Know About Feeding Pigs on Pig Beach
Feeding swimming pigs at Pig Beach sounds like tremendous fun, and so it is, but you need to know a few things:
- You should only feed them fruits, vegetables, and bread – talk to your guide if you don’t know what to feed them
- There are many pictures of tourists feeding pigs directly from their hands, but it isn’t a good idea; these pigs are feral, and they tend to be a little aggressive when they are hungry, so put down the food right next to them. Also, if you don’t have any food, show them your empty hands.
- Tourists are advised not to feed the pigs while on the beach; they are used to swimming to get their food and feeding them on the beach could break this habit.
Are Swimming Pigs Friendly?
Although these pigs are wild animals, they are friendly – and that is as long as you behave well. They don’t mind you swimming right next to them and lightly touching them. Treat them well and they will behave friendly towards you in return.
Is Swimming With Pigs In The Bahamas Ethical?
Several stories claim that the pigs aren’t treated well, but in truth, they are taken care of by a group of caregivers. They feed the pigs, and there’s also a nursery for the baby pigs. If the pigs are sick, a vet tends to them until they get better. These pigs are used to humans, and they are always excited to see boats.
Can You Swim With Pigs While Pregnant?
You can, but it could be risky. The waters are sometimes smooth and sometimes choppy. During summer, for example, there’s a likelihood of thunderstorms. But if you really want to go swimming with pigs, check the weather forecast; if calm waters are predicted, you should be okay, but keep in mind that some pigs are quite large, and they can be a little aggressive at times.
What Shouldn’t You Do When Visiting Pig Beach?
Always care for the animal. These pigs are innocent animals; all they want is to get fed and then sleep. They are used to tourists visiting them, so they don’t mind posing for a picture, but you shouldn’t try to pick them up and try to get them in the right position so that you’ll have a nice photo.
Also, be patient and wait for them to come to you; some tourists run after them, trying to get hold of them; this is extremely unethical behaviour. What’s more, you should never give them processed food; you can only feed them fruits, vegetables, and bread. More importantly, do not litter the beach.
What Do I Need To Pack For Pig Beach?
You will need a bathing suit and a beach towel, and don’t forget your sunscreen and insect repellent. You’ll definitely need your camera or your mobile to take photos. Consider bringing a waterproof pouch to store all your electronics. You might also want some snacks, and you’ll need plenty of water to survive the heat on the Pig Island.
Marine Life Around Pig Beach
The marine life around Big Exuma Cay is made up of rays, nurse sharks, crabs, lobsters, groupers, reef fish, turtles, and slugs. Vividly-hued corals also form part of the underwater world of the Exuma Islands.
Where Else Can You Swim With Pigs?
White Bay Cay, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, and a tiny cay named Piggyville are a few other places where you can see pigs in the Bahamas.
Other Attractions Close To Pig Beach
There are several other attractions in the vicinity; they are all worth visiting, and most of them are included in guided tours – Thunderball Grotto, Bitter Guana Cay, Sandbars at Pipe Cay, sharks at Compass Cay, diving spots, and snorkelling sites are some of the other draws for tourists.
Pig Beach in Popular Culture
Pig Beach has become a popular topic, and tourists post pictures of the beach on social media sites like Instagram. The beach was also featured in The Bachelor, a television show.
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To become a ‘trusted information creator’, the Campaign had to meet 10 key criteria. This was to prove its print and online content is evidence-based, understandable, jargon-free, up-to-date and produced to the best possible standard.
Simon Williams, CEO of the Anaphylaxis Campaign, said: “As a charity offering support to the anaphylaxis community, it’s vital that people know they can trust the information we provide. Gaining the PIF TICK verifies that we have a strong process for developing the evidence-based information we publish. It’s testimony to the excellent standards and quality of our team, who make sure the people we support can access relevant and up-to-date information on all aspects of anaphylaxis as and when they need it.”
The Anaphylaxis Campaign’s published information is available on its website, with factsheets, a knowledgebase and webinars, and also in print in places such as GP surgeries.
The PIF TICK, which launched in May 2020 is run by the non-profit Patient Information Forum (PIF).
In July 2021, a public website, www.piftick.org.uk, was launched to raise awareness of PIF TICK accredited members and help people find trusted health information.
The site also includes guides on topics including spotting false health information and understanding evidence.
PIF TICK manager Dan Wills said: “We are thrilled to welcome the Anaphylaxis Campaign to our ever-growing community of accredited PIF TICK members. Accurate, accessible, evidence-based information is key to increasing patient empowerment and improving health outcomes.”
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 9 Bholi is prepared by expert teachers. Bholi NCERT Solutions contains answers to all the questions of the NCERT textbook. These solutions are updated as per the latest CBSE guidelines.
|Book||NCERT English Footprints Without Feet|
Read and Find Out (Page 54)
Question 1. Why is Bholi’s father worried about her?
Answer: Bholi was not like other children. She fell off a cot as a child due to which her brain was slightly damaged. She learnt to speak very late and used to stammer. Her face and whole body was covered with pockmarks. Thus, her father was worried about her marriage prospects.
Question 2. For what unusual reason is Bholi sent to school?
Answer: As Ramlal was a government official and the Tehsildar had asked Ramlal to send his daughters to the new school in his village, Bholi was sent to school just to satisfy the Tehsildar. As Randal’s wife felt that sending girls to school affected their marriage prospects adversely, she did not want to send any of her daughters to school. However, Bholi, with her pock-marked face and dull brain would not be possible to get married anyway, so Bholi’s parents decided to send her to school to satisfy the Tehsildar.
Read and Find Out (Page 55)
Question 1. Does Bholi enjoy her first day at school?
Answer: Bholi was afraid at first. She even wept when the teacher asked her name. She just sat in a corner. But, the beautiful pictures on the clttssroom wall attracted her. The gentle, kind and loving manner of her teacher made her comfortable. She was looking forward to her new life by the time the first day ended. Thus, although initially she did not enjoy it, but by the time she went home she had liked school.
Question 2. Does she find her teacher to be different from the people at home?
Answer: Bholi had been a neglected child at home. She was never bathed nor her clothes washed. She was criticised and everyone made fun of her. But, she found her teacher to be entirely different. Her teacher did not make fun of her ugliness or her stammering. She encouraged her tenderly. Her affection deeply touched Bholi’s heart.
Read and Find Out (Page 58)
Question 1. Why do Bholi’s parents accept Bishamber’s marriage proposal?
Answer: Bholi’s parents accepted Bishamber’s marriage proposal as he was a well-to-do grocer and had not asked for any dowry.
Question 2. Why does the marriage not take place ?
Answer: At the time of marriage, Bishamber asked for a dowry of five thousand rupees because he saw Bholi’s pock-marked face. Ramlal had no choice but to pay. But, Bholi refused to marry the greedy man. She asserted her rights and dignity. Thus the marriage party was turned away.
Think About It
Question 1. Bholi had many apprehensions about going to school. What made her feel that she was going to a better place than her home?
Answer: The day she was going to school forced her parents to dress her nicely. She was bathed and her
hair was properly done. Until then she was not being taken care of. The special treatment she received made her feel that she was going to a better place.
Question 2. How did Bholi’s teacher play an important role in changing the course of her life?
Answer: Bholi stammered and was just a bundle of nerves when she attended school in the beginning. Her teacher treated her kindly and encouraged her to have confidence and be bold. She taught her to read and write and made her an independent girl who was aware of her rights. Thus, she changed her life.
Question 3. Why did Bholi at first agree to an unequal match? Why did she later reject the marriage. What does this tell about her?
Answer: Bholi agreed to the match at first to fulfil her parents’ wishes. Later on, she rejected the marriage when the bridegroom asked for dowry. This tells us that Bholi was smart girl. She was aware of her rights. She also knew how to fight for her own dignity and feared no one.
Question 4. Bholi’s real name is Sulekha. We are told this right at the beginning. But only in the last but one paragraph of the story is Bholi called Sulekha again. Why do you think she is called Sulekha at that point in the story?
Answer: The word Bholi means a simpleton. Throughout the story she had been a simpleton who hardly expressed her opinion on any matter. The word Sulekha means ‘a person with a beautiful sense of letters. In this story this word has a larger meaning of being a literate, intelligent and mature individual. After her education, Bholi has really changed to Sulekha and her assertion at the time of her marriage is her announcement to the world that she is no more a Bholi, but is a Sulekha.
More study materials for CBSE Class 10
Along with NCERT Solutions, it is highly recommended to read the summary and extra questions of Bholi to score high marks. You can also access different study materials from the following table for free.
|NCERT Solutions for Class 10||CBSE Notes for Class 10|
|CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10||Important Questions for Class 10|
|RS Aggarwal Solutions For Class 10||RD Sharma Solutions For Class 10|
Talk About It
Question 1. Bholi’s teacher helped her overcome social barriers by encouraging and motivating her. How do you think you can contribute towards changing the social attitudes illustrated in this story ?
Answer: We can contribute by saying no to taking or giving dowry. We must not discriminate between a boy and a girl. Both should be given equal rights and opportunities to grow. We must also learn to respect those who are differently abled and treat them at par.
Question 2. Should girls be aware of their rights and assert them? Should girls and boys have the same rights, duties and privileges? What are some of the ways in which society treats them differently? When we speak of ‘Human rights’, do we differentiate between girl’s rights and boy’s rights?
Answer: Yes, there is a differentiation between girl’s and boy’s rights. Although equal in the eyes of law, society treats them differently. Parents spend more on a boy’s education than that of a girl. A girl is just trained to be a wife and mother. Boys have special privileges in matters of food, career or freedom. Girl’s must be aware of their rights to exercise them. They must utilise their education to preserve their self – reliance and dignity. They must be ready to demand their due and even fight for it.
Question 3. Do you think the characters in the story were speaking to each other in English? If not, in which language were they speaking? (you can get clues from the names of the persons and the non-English words used in the story.)
Answer: No, we do not think so. They spoke in Hindi. Several words like ‘numbsrdar, tehsildar sahib, izzat and pitaji’ are ample proof of that. Even the names of characters like ‘Randal’ and ‘Bholi’ support that.
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Principality of Hosamia
Hosamia, officially the Principality of Hosamia or the Hosamian Principality is a micronation founded on September 2016, and is an absolute monarchy with Sovereign Prince Hosamulas as the first and current ruler, It is focused on military and expansion
| Principality of Hosamia |
"The Sun and Moon at last united"
|New Britain, Connecticut, USA |
|Capital city||Imperial Throne of Hosamia|
|Largest city||Imperial Throne of Hosamia|
|Official language(s)||Hosamian, English, Arabic|
|- Sovereign Prince||Sovereign Prince Hosamulas|
|- Last election||- _|
|Disestablished||12 AM, June 1 2019|
|National drink||Black Tea|
|Patron saint||Sun and Moon Gods|
The word Hosamia is a combination of Hosam, the Sovereign Prince, and ia, which means land.
Hosamian History is a little bit complicated so it will be split into parts.
The Dark Ages
After the birth of the Dabmasters (modern Hosamia) it went immediately into inactivity because Hosamulas was shy so no members and nothing happened.
New Britain Province
Next year in the same school Hosamulas was way more active and aggressive in old Hosamia, he annexed the school and was forcing his members, 17 at the time, to follow the strict laws. The annexation of the school caused so many native conflicts, even one where a native took Hosamulas by the legs and spun him around like a ragdoll until he crashed into a brick wall, the strict laws caused the Hosamian Civil War where Tyler and his supporters attacked Hosamia, after the civil war, thing calmed down and finally the New Britain Province was released in the summer and removed all the members in the school.
In modern times, the Principality of Hosamia has been through colonizing the more calmer but still rebellious New Britain Colony and faced wars like the Hosamian-Babikirian Conflict and Kailian-Rayalandish Conflict.
Expansion of the First Wave
During late May, Hosamia have been adding more citizens causing new villas and provinces to form, the Prince said this is due to the Pax Hosama.
End of the first Hosamian state
Hosamia dissolved on 12 AM, June 1st, 2019, so the Prince could better himself as a person and gain political experience, a few hours after Babikiria annexed it.
Government and politics
The Sovereign Prince controls everything so his word is law and he can do whatever he wants.
Provinces are the populated areas of the Principality that are the core Hosamian land. Colonies are either populated or uninhabited part of the Principality that are schools, or disconnected from the core land and are autonomous, and are governed by a colonial governor. Provinces are further divided into cities, which are either separate houses or a group of houses governed by a mayor.
|Lesser Hosamia Province||September 19, 2016||2||Sovereign Prince Hosamulas|
|Melesha Province||May 30, 2019||2||Grant|
Law and order
Law and order is decided by the Sovereign Prince.
It recognizes all UN members except the EU members, it recognizes Taiwan, Kosovo, and all micronations. Its only allies are in the Babikir Entente.
There is a military called the Hosamian Armed Forces.
Geography and climate
Climate is just the normal weather in Connecticut and there are 2 houses, a school, a forest, and a backyard.
There is no economy but the Sovereign Prince is planning to tax his people with the Hosamian Dollar.
Hosamian culture is heavily influenced by the Otaku culture with a tad bit of Sudanese culture mixed in, Hosamism, the state religion, also plays a major part in Hosamian culture.
Hosamia has an online newspaper called the Hosamian News Network, other then that there isn't much Hosamian media other then the Sovereign Prince's YouTube channel which has been inactive for months.
|Image||Name||Born||Became Monarch||Ceased to be Monarch||Relation to previous Monarch||House||Personal emblem|
|Sovereign Prince Hosamulas I||February 19, 2004||September 19, 2016||June 1, 2019||Throne established||Babikir|
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« AnteriorContinuar »
fair employment what must be done, and done now, for all American Negroes, and other minorities.
Senator CLARK. Thank you, Mr. Morrow, I think this is a splendid and very helpful statement.
Senator JORDAN. Thank you, Mr. Morrow, your good company has come a long way without the coercive force of law to require it to do what you have accomplished on a voluntary basis and I want to commend you for that fine attitude and I hope that we may have been able to draw on the advice and counsel of you and members of the staff of your good company in helping to draft legislation to meet this issue at hand.
Mr. Morrow. We would be only happy to help wherever we may. Senator CLARK. Thank you, sir. I just have a couple of questions, Mr. Morrow. How many Negroes are you presently employing in your company, or do you not keep your records that way?
Mr. MORROW. Well, we don't keep actual records and I am not sure of how many we have among our sales, service, and clerical personnel. But in Stamford we have approximately 100 Negroes employees.
This, I would guess, is approximately 5 percent of the Negro population of our workforce whereas in Stamford we have maybe 812 or 9 percent of the Negro population.
However, as Mr. Wilkins previously agreed, the Negroes as a group generally are not as well equipped at the present time to be qualítied for a lot of the jobs that might be open and I think it is a little optimistic to think that this situation will change immediately.
Senator CLARK. You may well be right. So you have an acceptable number of Negroes in your shop and you
Mr. MORROW. And the offices, too, yes.
Senator CLARK. I think you testified that you have them in the offices, too. The percentage is not as high as the percentage of Negroes in the community but this you account for in large part by the fact that the Negroes' skills are not as great as the white skills in that community, is that about it?
Mr. MORROW. And their education. We know, I do not have any figures to prove this, but we get an influx of Negroes from the deep South every year at the end of the school year, along about June, and these are former students in Negro high schools in the South. I think it is pretty generally agreed, the quality of these segregated schools does not compare with the white high schools in the South, and certainly not with the northern high schools. I am very general, of course. We administer tests to our employees for other than menial jobs—clerical and faculty jobs and, of course, the technical, and so on.
We do not find that southern Negroes came up to the level of local Negroes, who are graduates of local high schools and whose families have been here a generation or two.
Senator CLARK. Do you happen to know whether there is a significant school dropout problem in Stamford ?
Mr. MORROW. Yes. There is. It has been worked on constantly. I do not think it is quite as bad as in some other areas because the local administration has done quite a bit to try to cure it. This is a sort of a vicious cycle, the Negro boy, when he reaches 16 or 17, his family is in such poor economic circumstances that they want him to go to work right away and earn money, even though he may have aptitudes and intelligence that would qualify him for, say, a toolmaker's job or a diemaker, some highly skilled industrial skill, he cannot afford to do this, he will go right into a shop as a machine operator or maybe even less—a trucker or laborer of some type.
Senator CLARK. Does your Child Labor Act in Connecticut permit employment after arriving at the 16th birthday!
Mr. Morrow. Not in hazardous employment—he could not operate a machine tool, for instance, until he is 18. But he could go into an apprentice program for tool and die makers and we have such a school, but frankly, we don't have one Negro tool and die maker, because, although we have tried to get Negro boys to enter our trade school, they have to make money right away, they have to help support the family.
Senator CLARK. Therefore, they tend to go to more menial jobs!
Mr. Morrow. Or a job that will pay more immediately. Apprentice jobs—and as you probably know, this is true of college graduates in trainee jobs—don't pay much until they complete a long training period.
Senator CLARK. So that actually both economic and educational factors play a very real part in minimizing Negro employment in your statement?
Mr. MORROW. That is why I am pessimistic about the Negro attaining anything like full employment equality in a generation because he is starting from a very, very low economic standard.
Senator ČLARK. Now, would you say generally speaking that your State Fair Employment Practices Act is working pretty well and where efforts are made through the administrative procedure of that act to obtain equal employment opportunity, those efforts are generally successful ?
Mr. MORROW. Yes, I think the State has done a good job in a limited way. It is only recently that the Commission has received enough of an appropriation to do a real job of searching out places where inequality exists.
Senator Clark. Thank you, sir.
Senator CLARK. Thank you very much, sir. You have been very helpful to the subcommittee.
Our final witness this morning is Mr. James Farmer, national director of the Congress of Racial Equality.
Mr. Farmer, we are very happy to have you with us and I am glad to note your statement finally turned up. We have to apologize for the Post Office Department.
Since your statement is quite short I have no objection to your reading it, but you proceed in your own way.
STATEMENT OF JAMES FARMER, NATIONAL DIRECTOR, CONGRESS
OF RACIAL EQUALITY
Mr. FARMER. Thank you very much, Senator, if it is all right with you and the subcommittee I would prefer not to read the statement as such.
Senator CLARK. Good for you, that is the kind of witness I like. We will have the statement printed in full in the record and you just proceed in your own way.
(The prepared statement of Mr. Farmer referred to follows:)
I'REPARED STATEMENT OF JAMES FARMER, NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF THE CONGRESS
OF RACIAL EQUALITY
I thank you gentlemen for the opportunity to appear here to express my views and the views of the Congress of Racial Equality on this proposed legislation.
Although the burden of the current protests throughout the Nation has been in the area of visible segregation, such as public accommodations and education, there is no doubt that one of the most sinister forms of discrimination in the United States is the historic and aggressive segregation of Negroes from equal employment opportunities throughout our economy. There is no chicken or egg in this fight for freedom. Equal employment is an empty victory without a base of integrated education. Access to public facilities is a token without a pocketful of money to use them. We must approach this incredibly difficult national question on all fronts simultaneously.
We have characterized this struggle in moral terms and that characterization has been the spine and the arms and the heart of the movement until Dow.
I would like this opportunity to talk to you, however, in much more pragmatic and direct terms. America has a sad and spotty history of employment discrimination. The State of New York has generally excellent laws on the books, some since 1946, providing equality in employment for the State's nonwhite citizens. Yet, at this very moment, close to a thousand people have accepted the penalty and discipline of jail in order to achieve actual integration on State and city supported construction projects. The difference in New York is obviously enforcement—the difference is obviously the will of public officials, State and Federal legislatures, to replace picket lines with serious and conscientious attention to their responsibilities.
So far, we have been unable to achieve this even in the State of New York.
If we are in trouble in New York, we are obviously in trouble in Mississippi, and if we are in trouble in Mississippi, no one can deny that the Nation is in trouble throughout the world.
This legislation does indeed make an important Federal stride toward achieving better enforcement of its high-minded and eloquent principles. As I read this new legislation, various Commissions will be able to initiate appropriate investigations, remedial orders, and orders of disqualification of contracts on a Federal level without waiting for the inevitable defeat on the level of the State. This commission system of rerouting enforcement around hostile State authorities is absolutely imperative if we are going to have legislation that does more than gather dust.
Now let's talk some frank and hard facts. As a result of segregation and discrimination in employment, housing, education, voting and public accommodations, the American Negro is in a tightly padlocked economic and social box. How does he unlock it? How does he get out? Most recently he has resorted to direct, nonviolent actions.
The proof in employment alone:
Item (a). The nonwhite worker suffers a severe occupational disadvantage. In 1960, 45 percent of the nonwhite males were working in low wage, dead end jobs as laborers or in the service industries. The proportion of white in these industries was 13 percent. Among women workers, 40 percent of the nonwhites were found in private household employment (domesties) compared with 6.1 percent for their white counterparts. And during the entire decade from 1950 through 1960 hardly any progress was made in eliminating this imbalance.
Item (6). In 1960 the average Negro family earned 55 percent of what the average white family earned. This percentage has gone up exactly 1 percent point in the 10-year period from 1950 through 1960.
Item (c). For 1962, unemployment fell heaviest on the nonwhite worker. The jobless rate for nonwhite was about double that of white workers (11 percent compared with 5 percent). Nonwhite teenage boys and girls had the highest rates of any population group (21 percent and 21 percent respectively). The rates for white youngsters was high-around 12 percent—but far lower than those of nonwhites in the same age group. A large disparity also persisted among adults. For example, the unemployment rate for nonwhite men 25 years of age and over was 242 times that for white men in the same age group.
Nonwhite workers accounted for 22 percent of the jobless in 1962 as contrasted with 20 percent in 1957. They were 28 percent of the very long-term unemployed compared with 24 percent 5 years earlier, although still representing only 11 percent of the labor force.
Item (d). During the 1960's, 13 million additions will be made to the labor force. The present trends of automation show destruction of 1.4 million jobs a year. Unless a vast national effort is made to create employment, the unemployment figures by 1970 will be staggering.
The impact of this on the nonwhite worker is already clear. When opportunity declines for whites, it stops altogether for the Negro. Between 1956 and 1962 the only area where significant expansion of Negro employment took place was in government. Approximately 85 percent of the increase in nonwhite employment during this period was in the public economy.
Between 1960 and 1962, there was an increase in government employment of nonwhites of approximately 200,000. For the economy as a whole, employment for nonwhites rose by about 100,000, indicating that in the private economy, there was an actual loss of nonwhite jobs.
Now what does this mean? Place yourself in the following postures and you will begin to grasp the meaning in the human and tangible terms of a man's life and livelihood.
You are an unemployed Negro farmhand, facing a declining need for farm labor, your family supported by your wife's earnings as a domestic and you cannot get a job as an apprentice in order to learn a new and more economically feasible trade.
You are a Negro construction worker in New York City. You have "shaped up" every morning for 4 weeks at a city sewer construction project on Delancy Street *** hundreds of white men are hired instantly and finally when you do work, you are placed on a segregated work gang.
You are a Negro college graduate forced into hod-carrying in Chicago because a majority of big business management training programs callously exclude Negroes.
You are a Negro writer, a Negro accountant, a Negro teacher, a skilled Negro drill-press operator * * * and you are out of work only because of the color of your skin.
We must have strong, reasoned legislation to combat these inequities and we must have even stronger commitments that such legislation will be enforced. Only in this way can we begin to invoke the image of our Nation as truls brave and truly free.
Gentlemen * * * our hearts are open our hands are extended. We do not want the wash of blood and anguish that some predict. But we do want our simple freedoms * * * to live * * * to learn * * to work. And if the cost of that freedom will maim us; then we accept that disfigurement. If the cost of that freedom is to lose our own individual freedom in the jails of New York, New Orleans, Jackson, Miss., or Los Angeles • then that cost will be paid, in full.
Mr. FARMER. Very good, Senator. First, of course, I do want to thank you gentlemen for the opportunity to appear here to express my views and the views of the Congress of Racial Equality on the proposed legislation.
Senator CLARK. You better tell us a little bit about what the CORE is.
Mr. FARMER. The Congress of Racial Equality which is better known as CORE, Senator Clark, is not as young an organization as many people think.
The fact of the matter is our organization was founded in 1942 in the city of Chicago, as an interracial organization using nondeontology techniques of nonviolent action.
The fact of the matter was that CORE was staging sit-ins and stand-ins back in the early forties with a great deal of success in northern cities, and I think had a great deal of responsibility for wiping out discrimination in places of public accommodation in those cities in the forties and in the early fifties.
Now, it seems to me that the fair employment practices legislation which is being considered by this committee represents something extremely basic in the civil rights struggle.
I believe really that it is the most basic aspect of our present struggle. It will be a hollow victory, indeed, if we win the important rights to spend our money in places of public accommodation, on buses, or what have you, without also winning the even more vital right to earn money.
Dick Gregory, the comedian, tells of a sit-in student who sat at a lunch counter for a couple of weeks, waiting to be served, when they finally offered to serve him he had no money. He had not expected to be served, of course.
We have to have the money to use these other facilities. It profits us little to wipe out discrimination or segregation in housing and open up the housing market to Negroes unless Negroes have the jobs to earn the money to buy the houses or rent the apartments which are then opened up.
I think that gainful employment in keeping with one's ability and qualifications should be considered in our country to be a right and should not be restricted by any form of discrimination; there is a current notion, Senator, that an employer has the right to choose his employees and to discrimination if he so wishes.
That this is private property and as such he can run it any way he chooses. Well, I think in most aspects the Nation has rejected that view. Businesses are regulated in many, many ways, and it seems to me that they simply must be regulated in this way, too.
Senator Clark. I wonder if a fair summary would be that in 24 States that right to choose your own employees with discrimination is now clearly illegal. In 19 States the laws to enforce legality of that concern has succeeded, but at the Federal level nothing has yet been done with respect to Federal employment?
Mr. FARMER. That is right.
Senator Clark. And, therefore, more than half the States have taken no action as yet?
Mr. FARMER. That is right, Senator.
There is also a notion about our not being able to legislate morality and therefore we should not try to have an FEPC that springs from the view that the employer has the right to choose his employees also.
Well, I think an employer like any other American does have a legal right to his prejudices, but he does not have a legal right or
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The brand new CompTIA Network+ 006 (2015) certification is a globally recognised qualification which validates the skills of networking professionals. The qualification recognises a technician's ability to describe the features and functions of network components and to manage, maintain, troubleshoot, install, operate and configure basic network infrastructure.
This will certify that the successful candidate has the knowledge and skills required to implement a defined network architecture with basic network security. Furthermore, a successful candidate will be able to configure, maintain, and troubleshoot network devices using appropriate network tools and understand the features and purpose of network technologies. Candidates will be able to make basic solution recommendations, analyze network traffic, and be familiar with common protocols and media types.
We are official CompTIA partners and build our courseware in-house, meaning that the people that built the course will be the same people offering support throughout the training process, there is no need to deal with a middle man again.
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James Clerk Maxwell (1831-79) was one of the most important scientists of the 19th Century. He laid the foundations for many of the scientific and technological advances which shape our world.
Follow the links below for information on tours of his birthplace at 14 India Street and other locations around Edinburgh associated with him. You can take the tours in person (on foot) or virtually.
He was born in this house at 14 India Street, Edinburgh in 1831 and the Foundation bought it in 1993.
This elegant Georgian house, after period restoration, displays a growing collection of scientific and personal heritage material associated with James Clerk Maxwell, his associates and family circle. ...MORE
|Birthplace Tours||In Person||On Line||On Paper (PDF)|
In person tours of the house can now restart, subject to some public health limitations.
Interactive virtual tours are always available on line.
The PDF brochure describes the contents of the house.
This tour covers a distance of approximately 3 miles (5km) in and around Edinburgh's town centre. It takes in the homes of James Clerk Maxwell and some of his closest friends and relatives, his school, university and the churches he attended, and other points of interest along the way.
|Edinburgh Tours||Walking||On Line||On Paper (PDF)|
The on line tour uses Google Earth. Click the Present button there.
Maxwell's first job was at Marischal College in 1856 where he met his future wife. Later (1874) he set up the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge.
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Digital Alloys’ Guide to Metal Additive Manufacturing - Part 4
Design Rules for Metal Additive Manufacturing
December 26th, 2018
“Complexity is free” is one of the biggest myths in 3D Printing. Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) can produce complex geometries not possible with conventional manufacturing, but the design of a 3D printed part must account for the constraints of the whole manufacturing workflow
If design rules are ignored, the print can fail, the printer can be damaged, and lots of material, money and time will be wasted. Most importantly, design for manufacturability (DFM) in metal AM is important because of its implications on: final part performance
This post will describe some critical metal AM design rules and the reasons they exist. It will also cover software tools being leveraged to improve the metal AM design process.
The physics of a 3D printing process drive the design rules. Each of the many metal AM processes in the market today (see chart in prior post
- Mechanics - How the feedstock, part, and energy are moved and controlled
- Thermodynamics - Heat flow and thermal history
- Metallurgy - The relationship between the printing process and the chemistry and crystal structure of the metal it produces.
A notorious example of how process physics translates to design constraints is the residual thermal stresses and anisotropic grain structures that can be created by temperature gradients in a cyclical, layer-by-layer melting process. Thermal stresses, if not accounted for, can result in warping, cracking or delamination of a part. Many of the design rules attempt to limit the effects of thermal stresses by constraining aspect ratios (the ratio between the length, width and height of a part or feature), wall thicknesses, and radii on sharp corners, and by optimizing part orientation within the build.
The printing process cannot be the only element of the workflow that is examined. Post-processing can involve many different steps (see Process Steps in Metal AM), each with its own set of requirements and constraints that must be considered in the design. For example, if CNC machining is a post processing step, the design must include locating and fixturing features on the part or build substrate.
General Metal AM Design Guidelines
While every metal AM process is different, there are some general design considerations that serve as a great starting point in a new design:
Metal AM parts are produced in a wide range of sizes from tiny intricate gears to airplane wing spars. If production is constrained to a certain printer then the build envelope and orientation of the part in the build are the ultimate limits on maximum part size. However, size constraints due to the physics of the printing process can be more restrictive than the printer’s build envelope. In the case of binder processes, the low green strength in the “as-printed” state and then the extreme shrinkage in the sintering step typically means large parts are off the table. Also, part size should be examined in context of the economics of each process as this can become a bounding constraint too.
Minimum / Maximum Feature Size
Minimum feature size is largely dictated by the resolution of the printing process. Process resolution is dependent on the process mechanics (e.g. laser diameter, binder deposition control, melt pool diameter) and the feedstock material (e.g. powder particle size or wire diameter). In the case of very thin structures like lattices, the overriding constraint can be the strength of the feature and its ability to survive post-processing.
Maximum feature size can be limited by residual stresses that build up in the part affecting that part’s accuracy and mechanical properties. In binder processes, there are highly restrictive constraints on max feature size due to the de-binding and sintering post-processing steps.
Tolerance is driven by the resolution of the printing process as well as other factors such as the material, print parameters, and geometry of the part. Part orientation can also play a large role. Warping, created by residual stresses, can be a major contributor of inaccuracy too. In processes that have a final sintering step, part shrinkage can be hard to control and predict. All of these variables must be assessed against the part’s accuracy requirements. If the required tolerances are not attainable from the printing process alone, secondary operations can often be utilized to bring the part back within tolerances.
Overhangs & Supports
For most metal 3D printing processes, there is a limit to how much a printed section can lean past vertical (the “overhang angle”). For unsupported overhangs greater than design rules allow, supports must be designed and printed. For most processes, supports are fully fused structures that have to be physically removed after printing. In this case, the part and supports must be designed and oriented so that supports can be accessed for removal.
For powder bed processes, design is constrained by the need to remove powder from internal voids, aka “trapped material”. As an example, a hollow sphere would require holes for draining powder after printing. In addition, the shape of an internal feature must allow for powder to be extracted. This can be an important consideration for applications like conformal cooling where there are long, circuitous channels within the part.
Orientation & Nesting
Design rules are influenced by the orientation in which a part is printed. Orientation defines the actual geometry of each layer in the build and can affect the process physics. Different print orientations are often attempted before choosing the best one as it is hard to always predict print results.
Nesting many parts in a build can greatly reduce individual part costs so it is usually an early design consideration in production metal AM. Nesting and optimal orientation can be a trade-off in some cases.
Design Optimization with Metal AM
Creating highly optimized part designs has been an impetus for the use of metal AM. Engineers use advanced, algorithmic design tools such as Topology Optimization (TO) and Generative Design (GD) to develop these geometries. These tools can optimize material placement within a given volume to meet load and boundary conditions. TO and GD are also employed to reduce material use, particularly important in powder-based printers as the relative cost of metal powder is high. Advanced lattice design software is also becoming popular. Industries like Aerospace and Automotive that demand high strength, light weight structures, find great value in these tools.
It is worth mentioning that design optimization tools are not yet advanced enough to understand and utilize all the design rules we discussed in this post. The skill and experience of the 3D printed part designers remains very important and is still somewhat limited in the industry.
Software tools exist to both optimize design (process agnostic) and perform analysis of a design to indicate whether it is a good fit for a process. Features of these tools can include orientation optimization to minimize supports, overhang angle detection, and simulation of process dynamics to predict warping and other build failure modes. Most of these tools are quite new and limited in functionality and process compatibility, but leading CAD/CAE software providers are investing heavily in this area.
Please leave your email below if you would like to be updated as we release future articles in our Guide to Metal Additive Manufacturing.
Please check out other posts in our blog series,
Learn about the technology behind our process,
VP Business Development
Digital Alloys is committed to providing the technology and expertise manufacturers need to use metal additive manufacturing in production — enabling them to save time, shrink costs, and produce valuable new product.
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ELIBR0002-Lloyd's magazine - The story of the Rio Grande Valley and other big features
1920-1929, Texas--San Antonio, Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley, Lower Rio Grande Valley (Tex.) -- Description and travel, Promotional materials, Railroads, Transportation, Agriculture
Black and white magazine. Story pertaining to the Rio Grande Valley: "The truth about the Rio Grande Valley and its builders".
.PDF, 44 Pages, 137 MB
John H. Shary Collection, UTRGV Digital Library, The University of Texas – Rio Grande Valley. Accessed via https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/johnshary/
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Technology keeps on evolving and so does the cries of people with the way it is impacting our lives. To some folks, more apps are equivalent to spending more time staring at smartphones and lesser time with the loved ones. Only if people know how to use it productively and correctly, you’d see that technological developments and advancements are actually helping us to strike a balance between life and work.
A Day with New Techs in Life
It’s totally fine if you’re against with the products of technology. But let me shed a light on how it can bring positive impact on your day to day activities. Following are examples of how technology balances one’s life.
Brings You Faster to Destination
Regardless of your agenda be it commuting to work, going home or running errands, advancements in tech help us beat the odds and reach our destination faster than ever. Whether you are using Waze or Google Maps, rest assure to find the quickest and most efficient route to get to your destination.
The minute you save can be spent on other activities like bonding with your loved ones, doing your most loved hobbies, taking your significant other to dinner etc.
I guess everyone will agree when I say that technology and productivity do not get along. This could also be the same reason how you stumble on this article. On the other hand, assuming that it’s used wisely, tech tools and apps can be your new best friend to become more productive than before. There are literally countless
Smart Shopping, Easy Buying
There are now tons of review sites online for every service, company, experience or product. And truth to be told, this is applicable literally to everything. One good example of this is for those folks who are buying marijuana or medical cannabis online for medical purposes. They are using online review sites to check verified reviews on marijuana101.org. You can do this as well to virtually anything you could think of like a product from a certain company, a hotel service etc.
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Natelson – Zinke’s Departure a Chance to Divest Federal Lands
Former University of Montana law professor and current Constitutional Fellow at the Independence Institute, Rob Natelson, is now a contributing columnist for the Daily Caller.
Natelson took the opportunity after the announcement by President Donald Trump that Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke would be stepping down at the end of the year to suggest a replacement that would encourage the U.S. Government to begin divesting itself of millions of acres of public land.
“I don’t have a lot of quarrels with Mr. Zinke over how he ran the Interior Department, but one thing he did that I think was unfortunate was that he ruled out any disposition out of federal control of excessive federal land holdings,” said Natelson. “We do own far too much public land. The Constitution doesn’t authorize the federal government to just own land for any reason it wants.”
Natelson provided examples of how the federal government could easily divest itself of large swaths of public land.
“There’s a lot of federal land, particularly owned by the BLM that is just for grazing or mining,” he said. “That property could easily be disposed of and the proceeds used to reduce the federal deficit. What people get upset about is if they think the federal government is going to destroy the national parks or compromise land with environmental value.”
Natelson said there are steps to make sure those lands are preserved.
“National recreation areas can be managed by the states as well, or better than they’re being managed by the federal government,” he said. “In Great Britain where I’ve spent a great deal of time, they have a system whereby valuable lands are put into perpetual trusts, and those trusts are separate from the government, so they’re not buffeted by the kind of politics that can lead to wildfires and conflicts over wolves, and so forth,” he said. “Getting rid of excessive land holdings doesn’t mean that we’re going to be selling land with environmental value, such as national parks, to the highest bidder,” he said.
“There’s a very unscrupulous public land lobby, and every time there’s a suggestion that we could manage valuable lands better, outside of federal control, they start sending propaganda to their donors and the general public that we’re going to be putting up McDonalds in Yellowstone National Park,” he said. “I’m simply talking about reducing the power of the federal government by having it get out of the business of managing ordinary lands such as grazing lands. So, the next time you hear people shrieking about how we’re going to be putting up condos in Glacier National Park, beware that they’re not telling you the truth.”
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TAIWANESE THROW "GHOST MONEY" TO MARK GHOST FESTIVAL IN KEELUNG.
Taiwanese men throw "ghost money" in the northern port of Keelung to
mark the traditional Chinese 'Ghost Festival' August 12, 2003. In
Chinese belief, the festival which is marked on the 15th day of the
seventh month of the Chinese lunar calendar, comforts the spirits of
ancestral fishermen who perished at sea over the centuries. Burning
lanterns are sent out to sea under a late-summer full moon.
REUTERS/Simon Kwong REUTERS
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The accident occurred at the main plant in the cone crusher area. Cone Crusher The cone crusher is a Model # CH550, Serial #0990S15216, with a fabricated feed box between the conveyor and the crusher. The cone crusher is the primary crusher at the main plant. (See Appendix B). West Amarillo installed the cone crusher and a new feed belt ...
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GP330 cone crusher ; Easy installation, use and maintenance. ® GP330™ cone crusher is safe and easy to operate and maintain. The limited number of service points are accessed with ease. ® GP330™ cone crusher is supplied with all tools required for safe maintenance work.
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Oct 15, 2019· Cone crusher working site. During the operation of the cone crusher, the operator often encounters a variety of problems. This article will list the common problems of the cone crusher and our professional engineers will give the most appropriate solutions, hoping it can help you.
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The Reliability of the crusher influences the productivity of the plant. The purpose of this paper is to focus the application of reliability centered maintenance with an aim to improve the reliability of the cone crusher. reliability tools failure modes and effects analysis and total time to testPlot are explored in support of the study.
The information of cone crusher Cone Crusher Features:1) High productivity and quality2) Reduce off time3) Easy maintenance, low cost4) Provide unparalleled crushing in medium and fine crushThis crusher is suitable for crushing varies of midhard and above midhard ores and rocks. It has the advantage of reliable construction, high prod ...
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Nov 13, 2014· 10 Things You Must Stop Doing to Your Cone Crusher ... We see a lot of torn up cone crushers in our business and we see the same expensive problems crop up, time and again. Our technicians work on over a hundred different cones every year, both in our shop and out in the field. ... Neglect your maintenance: ...
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Luoyang Dahua, as the leading enterprise in China crushing grinding machine manufacturer, produces many types of jaw crusher to fully meet the requirements from the customers. It is well known that jaw crusher will be worn after long time used, and how to maintain these components? Now we will talk about key components maintenance of jaw crusher.
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Cone Crushers. The CMB Rockstar 150, 185 and 225 Cone Crushers are modern cast steel, all roller bearing and feature hydraulic adjustment which enables the operator to rapidly change the discharge setting, if required during the crushing operation. These machines feature hydraulics which also incorporate a tramp metal release, automatic reset ...
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Only a Gibson is Good Enough
Gibson Brands, Inc. (formerly Gibson Guitar Corporation) is an American manufacturer of guitars, other musical instruments, and consumer and professional electronics from Kalamazoo, Michigan, and now based in Nashville, Tennessee. The company was formerly known as Gibson Guitar Corporation and renamed Gibson Brands, Inc. on June 11, 2013.
Orville Gibson founded the company in 1902 as the "Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co. Ltd." in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to make mandolin-family instruments. Gibson invented archtop guitars by constructing the same type of carved, arched tops used on violins. By the 1930s, the company was also making flattop acoustic guitars, as well as one of the first commercially available hollow-body electric guitars, used and popularized by Charlie Christian. In 1944, Gibson was bought by Chicago Musical Instruments (CMI), which was acquired in 1969 by Panama-based conglomerate Ecuadorian Company Limited (ECL), that changed its name in the same year to Norlin Corporation. Gibson was owned by Norlin Corporation from 1969 to 1986. In 1986, the company was acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman. In November 2018, the company was acquired by a group of investors led by private equity firm KKR & Co. Inc. (formerly known as Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. and KKR & Co. L.P.).
Gibson sells guitars under a variety of brand names and builds one of the world's most iconic guitars, the Gibson Les Paul. Gibson was at the forefront of innovation in acoustic guitars, especially in the big band era of the 1930s; the Gibson Super 400 was widely imitated. In 1952, Gibson introduced its first solid-body electric guitar, the Les Paul, which became its most popular guitar to date— designed by a team led by Ted McCarty. and announced a restructuring deal to return to profitability by closing down unprofitable consumer electronics divisions such as Gibson Innovations.
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A Mail Merge can be performed by opening Word and going to the MAILINGS tab on the ribbon. To complete a successful merge, there are 5 basic steps. Lets run through them before you put them into practice in the assignments.
Step 1 – Setup the Basic Main Document
All mail merges require 2 files – a main document and a data source. The main document contains the text that is the same in all the merged documents.
By clicking on the Start Mail Merge button on the Mailings tab, you will see the list of different main documents you can choose from.
Select the main document you wish to use.
If it is a letter, you can open an existing document or you can create a new document, ensuring all the text is thoroughly proof read.
Ensure the document is saved before moving onto the next step.
Step 2 – Select or Create a Data Source
The data source provides the information that is unique in each individual document e.g. name and address.
On the Mailings tab click on the Select Recipients button.
If you do not have the data source set up, you will need to create this document as well. In which case select the option to Type a New List.
If you do have a data source document setup, select Use an Existing List and navigate to the data source file in the File Explorer window that appears.
The third and final option is to use contacts direct from Outlook by selecting Choose from Outlook Contacts.
Further instructions for each of these options, as well as editing your data course, will be covered in more detail in the next lesson.
Step 3 – Insert the Data Source Fields
After the main document is set and the recipient list is connected and edited, including matching only certain records, you are ready to insert the merge fields in the main document.
These are placeholders in the main document for the unique information from the recipients list data source. Therefore, when you put a merge field in the main document, information from that field will appear in the document that is unique to that recipient.
With the main document open, place the cursor where you wish to insert the first merge field.
There are 3 buttons you can use to insert merge fields, Address Block, Greeting Line and Insert Merge Fields. They are all self-explanatory but worth noting that the Insert Merge Fields option is a drop-down menu where you can choose from the range of merge fields to insert, so will probably be your first port of call in most instances.
When you insert a merge field into the main document, you will see chevrons appear either side of the field name e.g. <First Name> which helps you to distinguish between ordinary text and fields.
Continue to add the different merge fields to your main document until you have all the fields in the right places. Make sure there is a space after the field name where necessary so the text is inserted correctly.
If using the Address Block feature, you may need to help Word by matching fields with your data list. For example, your data list may have a column titled Office Address, and Word may not pick up that this is the same as Address 1 which it refers to. In which case, you can simply use the Match Fields button to tell Word how you want your data to be linked. The same applied for the Greeting Line feature, although is of course less-likely to run into such problems.
Step 4- Previewing the Mail Merge
It is helpful to see what the data will look like once it has been inserted into a document. You can use the preview option to check that all is well before you finish the merge.
Use the Preview Results button on the Mailings tab – and you will see the data from the first record is merged into the document.
You can browse through the different records to see how several merged documents will appear.
You can also simulate the mail merge process to make sure it will run smoothly before performing the final merge.
If you click on the Auto Check for Errors button and then the Simulate the merge and report errors in a new document button.
Step 5 – Completing the Mail Merge
Once you have previewed how the main document and data source merge and everything looks fine, you are ready to complete the mail merge.
Click on the Finish & Merge button and then choose from one of the three options;
- Edit Individual Documents
- Print Documents
- Send Email Documents
You will have the option to select which records you wish to merge before the merge is carried out.
Let’s have a look at a basic mail merge in action. The video below shows how to use Mail Merge to add addresses and names to a letter using a data source that has already been created in Excel.
As mentioned, you will get a chance to run through this procedure on the assignments in this unit. Move on to Lesson 2 – Creating & Editing Data Sources when ready.
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By Brooke Ellison
There is a profound need to deconstruct and actively reconstruct the interpretation of disability as it is currently understood.
The current framing of disability as inability — whether an inability to be employed or otherwise — has utterly failed not only people with disabilities, but also the communities in which they live.
This perception of disability is a relic of attitudinal and policy structures put into place by people who do not live with disability themselves: people who may have been ignorant to the virtues that living with disability engenders.
Current calls for attention to a disability bioethics or a disability epistemology have heralded not only highlighting, but also actively promoting, the qualities, leadership skills, and valuable character traits associated with surviving and thriving in a world fundamentally not set up for one’s own needs.
Before any meaningful movement can be made when it comes to the employment of people with disabilities — whether in the form of workplace accommodations, flexible work settings, recruitment practices, or limitations on earnings — the underlying assumption about the value of their presence in the workforce needs to change.
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While inaugurating a new visa-free corridor between the Sikh gurdwara at Kartarpur in Pakistan and the Indian town of Dera Baba Nanak, on Wednesday 28 November, the Pakistani Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan has offered to normalise relations with India.
A new road and bridge is being constructed that would link the two sites making it much easier for people of the Sikh faith to visit their holy site in Pakistan from India where the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak spent the last 18 years of his life.
Sikhs will be able to travel freely between the two landmarks without visas for the first time since the the united India was divided in 1947 gaining independence from Britain.
At the ground breaking ceremony being attended by Indian federal ministers Harsimrat Kaur Badal and Hardeep Singh Puri, and provincial Punjab minister Navjot Singh Sidhu, Imran said, “There have been mistakes on both sides [in the past], but we will not be able to move forward until we break the chains of the past,” said Khan. “The past is there only to teach us, not for us to live in.”
Guru Nanak died in 1539 at Kartarpur and the gurdwara, the Sikh place of worship, was built over his final resting place that now lies in Pakistan, a few kilometers away from the Indian border.
With the opening of the corridor, a wish of the Sikh community and one which Pakistan proposed to be followed through with earlier this year, the Pakistani government says it is showing that it is prepared to take concrete steps to ease tensions.
For Sikhs in the area, the opening of the corridor is the culmination of a long-held dream.
The Indian government, led by Hindu Nationalist party BJP Prime Minister Narendra Modi, was pressured into opening the corridor due to domestic political pressures and could not afford to offend the people of Sikh faith.
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Citation: Faber S, Roepman R (2022) A defective structural zipper in photoreceptors causes inherited blindness. PLoS Biol 20(6): e3001672. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001672
Published: June 17, 2022
Copyright: © 2022 Faber, Roepman. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: R.R. is funded by the Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden, Stichting Retina Nederland Fonds, Stichting Beheer Het Schild, Stichting Blinden-Penning, and Stichting Steunfonds Uitzicht via Uitzicht 2016/2017-22, together with the Gelderse Blindenstichting, Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen, Stichting tot Verbetering van het Lot der Blinden ‘Het Lot’, the Stichting voor gehandicapte kinderen Dowilvo, ZonMW (#91216051), and the Foundation Fighting Blindness, USA (PPA-0717-0719-RAD and BR-CMM-0720-0789-RAD). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Abbreviations: EM, electron microscopy; LCA, Leber congenital amaurosis; RP, retinitis pigmentosa; STORM, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy; U-ExM, ultrastructure expansion microscopy
Vision is one of the most valuable senses of the human body, as it allows us to see the magnitude and beauty of this world. Seeing begins when rays of light enter the eye via the cornea, are refracted by the lens, and projected to the back of the eye (https://webvision.med.utah.edu). The projection at the back of the eye can be compared to the way an image is created by a digital film camera. Instead of a digital sensor, the back of the eye is decorated with several layers of interconnected neurons, called the retina (https://webvision.med.utah.edu). The outermost layer of the retina, last reached by the light, consists of millions of light-sensitive cells, known as the photoreceptors . The photoreceptors consist of morphological and functional distinct cellular compartments, including a synaptic terminal, an inner segment, an outer segment, and a connecting cilium. The main function of the photoreceptors is carried out in the outer segments, where phototransduction takes place, a strictly organized light-converting cascade involving many proteins. All of these proteins are synthesized in the inner segments and transported to the outer segments through the connecting cilium, making this an important bridge between these compartments.
The importance of this bridge becomes apparent when genes encoding for proteins localizing to the connecting cilium are mutated, often leading to retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), the most frequent and most severe form of inherited blindness, respectively . Despite the known localization of these RP- and LCA-associated proteins at the level of the connecting cilium, their exact role and localization within this compartment remain to be determined. The main reason of the poor characterization of the connecting cilium proteins in previous studies is the limited resolution that can be reached by conventional fluorescence microscopy methods.
Mercey and colleagues now overcome this limitation by, for the first time, applying ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) on retina tissue . By implementing this technique, they are able to physically expand the specimen by an average factor of 4.2 times, while preserving the interconnected neuronal cell layers of the retina. Since the expansion is water based, the final expanded gel consists predominantly of water, making the specimen transparent and less susceptible to optical aberration. This makes it ideally suited for imaging using the user-friendly conventional fluorescence microscopes, with higher image acquisition and processing speeds compared to classic super-resolution techniques, while obtaining similar or even better resolution .
The physical expansion leads to a spatial distancing of the molecules, making them more accessible for antibodies, which could improve the antibody specificity and binding capacity, eventually resulting in better distinguishable protein localization patterns. Indeed, Mercey and colleagues were able to show distinct localization of several proteins within the tidily organized connecting cilium ultrastructure, thereby revealing the existence and the composition of the connecting cilium inner scaffold . This inner scaffold provides coherence between the 9 microtubule doublets, comparable with a structural zipper (Fig 1A). Consistent with their earlier work on centrioles , they now identified CENTRIN, POC5, and FAM161A along the full length of the connecting cilium at the level of the inner scaffold, inside the microtubule doublets . Although the connecting cilium localization of CENTRIN was shown before at high resolution by electron microscopy (EM) , the relative localization of CENTRIN to the microtubule doublets could not be determined, due to the limitation of the colorless single labeling that was used.
(A) Schematic representation of a part of a WT rod photoreceptor consisting of the CC, the bulge region, and the proximal OS, including its membranous stacked discs. The MTDs are built up from the MC, accompanied by the DC. Cohesion of the MTDs in the CC is maintained by the inner scaffold proteins POC5, CENTRIN, and FAM161A, located at the inner wall of the MTDs, comparable with a closed zipper. Please note that these proteins are found all along the CC, in addition to the MC and DC (not shown in this diagram). MTDs in the CC are connected to the membrane by Y-links, associated with CEP290 and SPATA7 localization. LCA5 localizes to the bulge region, where MTDs are more dispersed due to the absence of the inner scaffold and Y-links. (B) Deficiency of FAM161A causes loss of the entire zip head (the CC inner scaffold) as also POC5 and Centrin are absent, leading to spreading of the MTDs. This spreading, visualized by an open zipper, eventually causes a collapse of the OS structure. Protein localization at the Y-links level is secondarily affected when FAM161A is depleted, as seen by more dispersed CEP290 localization. Furthermore, FAM161A deficiency results in disorganization of the bulge region, obvious from LCA5 localizing more proximal to the MC. Altogether, the CC inner scaffold forms a structural foundation securing proper disc formation and OS integrity. DC, daughter centriole; CC, connecting cilium; MC, mother centriole; MTD, microtubule doublet; OS, outer segment; WT, wild-type.
Taking advantage of the possibility for double labeling with tubulin and CEP290 on the expanded retinas, Mercey and colleagues could show that CEP290 localizes along the full length of the connecting cilium outside of the microtubule doublets with a previously unidentified , 9-fold symmetry consistent with the Y-links region . They also found a highly similar localization pattern of SPATA7, a presumed functional interactor of CEP290 .
By identifying the connecting cilium inner scaffold as structural zipper, Mercey and colleagues identified a distinct region, directly above the connecting cilium, which they called the “bulge region.” They found that this region was lacking both the inner scaffold and the Y-links, resulting in more dispersed microtubule doublets . Lebercilin, encoded by the LCA5 gene, specifically localizes to this bulge region, in accordance with previous EM analysis , with a 9-fold symmetry in the extension of CEP290. Mutations in LCA5 cause LCA , highlighting the importance of this region for photoreceptor viability.
To validate the idea of the connecting cilium functioning as structural zipper, Mercey and colleagues assessed the photoreceptor development of FAM161A mutant mice from early postnatal to adult stage . Indeed, they found that the coherence between microtubule doublets at the level of the connecting cilium was lost due to the absence of the connecting cilium inner scaffold/structural zipper in the mutant mice (Fig 1B). The spreading of the microtubule doublets eventually results in a collapse of the outer segment structure, obvious from the rhodopsin localization in adult FAM161A deficient mice. This phenotype strongly correlates with the phenotype observed in SPATA7 mutant mice, as shown by cryo-electron tomography . This phenotypical resemblance is remarkable, since Mercey and colleagues showed the independence between the connecting cilium inner scaffold and the Y-links, confirmed by difference in distribution of POC5 and CEP290 in both developing and degenerating photoreceptors .
It would be of major interest to investigate the interplay between the connecting cilium inner scaffold, the Y-links, the bulge region, and the microtubule doublets in context of various inherited blinding conditions. For this, the optimized U-ExM by Mercey and colleagues can be applied on various mutant mouse models for inherited blindness. U-ExM on developing CEP290 and SPATA7 mutant retinas will expand previous knowledge on neonatal mouse retinas at the level of Y-links, analyzed by EM and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) [7,8]. Further research on developing LCA5 KO mouse retinas by U-ExM will provide crucial insights in the novel identified bulge region. Additionally, proteins like PCARE and RP1 could potentially also be linked to the bulge area by U-ExM, as they are shown to localize apical to the connecting cilium by EM and confocal microscopy, respectively [10,11].
The application of U-ExM on retinal tissue thus opens new directions in understanding the biology of photoreceptors and the etiology of inherited blindness. Similar applications to other neuronal tissues and organoid models may, in the future, undoubtedly prove to be equally valuable.
- 1. May-Simera H, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Wolfrum U. Cilia—The sensory antennae in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2017;60:144–180. pmid:28504201.
- 2. Wheway G, Parry DA, Johnson CA. The role of primary cilia in the development and disease of the retina. Organogenesis. 2014;10(1):69–85. pmid:24162842.
- 3. Mercey O, Kostic C, Bertiaux E, Giroud A, Sadian Y, Gaboriau D, et al. The connecting cilium inner scaffold provides a structural foundation that protects against retinal degeneration. PLoS Biol. 2022; 20(6):e3001649.
- 4. Chen F, Tillberg PW, Boyden ES. Optical imaging. Expansion microscopy. Science. 2015;347(6221):543–8. pmid:25592419.
- 5. Le Guennec M, Klena N, Gambarotto D, Laporte MH, Tassin AM, van den Hoek H, et al. A helical inner scaffold provides a structural basis for centriole cohesion. Sci Adv. 2020;6(7):eaaz4137. pmid:32110738.
- 6. Karlstetter M, Sorusch N, Caramoy A, Dannhausen K, Aslanidis A, Fauser S, et al. Disruption of the retinitis pigmentosa 28 gene Fam161a in mice affects photoreceptor ciliary structure and leads to progressive retinal degeneration. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(19):5197–5210. pmid:24833722.
- 7. Potter VL, Moye AR, Robichaux MA, Wensel TG. Super-resolution microscopy reveals photoreceptor-specific subciliary location and function of ciliopathy-associated protein CEP290. JCI Insight. 2021;6(20):e145256. pmid:34520396.
- 8. Dharmat R, Eblimit A, Robichaux MA, Zhang Z, Nguyen TT, Jung SY, et al. SPATA7 maintains a novel photoreceptor-specific zone in the distal connecting cilium. J Cell Biol. 2018;217(8):2851–2865. pmid:29899041.
- 9. den Hollander AI, Koenekoop RK, Mohamed MD, Arts HH, Boldt K, et al. Mutations in LCA5, encoding the ciliary protein lebercilin, cause Leber congenital amaurosis. Nat Genet. 2007;39(7):889–895. pmid:17546029.
- 10. Corral-Serrano JC, Lamers IJC, van Reeuwijk J, Duijkers L, Hoogendoorn ADM, Yildirim A, et al. PCARE and WASF3 regulate ciliary F-actin assembly that is required for the initiation of photoreceptor outer segment disk formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(18):9922–9931. pmid:32312818.
- 11. Song D, Grieco S, Li Y, Hunter A, Chu S, Zhao L, et al. A murine RP1 missense mutation causes protein mislocalization and slowly progressive photoreceptor degeneration. Am J Pathol. 2014;184(10):2721–2729. pmid:25088982.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Titanium alloy fasteners are widely used in aerospace and have great development potential.
according to the Research Report on market analysis and investment value of China's mechanical fasteners from 25.6 to 2011, titanium alloy fasteners are widely used in aircraft. According to the data, each domestic C919 aircraft needs about 200000 titanium alloy fasteners, and 20million titanium alloy fasteners are required to complete the first 100 startup orders, which is a relatively advanced closed-loop automatic electromechanical order. According to the plan to produce 150 large aircraft in 2018, 30million titanium alloy fasteners will be required every year. Titanium alloy fasteners have great development potential and strong anti-interference ability; Meet the accuracy and speed requirements; It is easy to use and protect
in recent years, with the rapid development of China's aerospace industry, the control mode of constant temperature and humidity test box is also similar, and the demand for aerospace fasteners has increased sharply. In addition, the manufacturing of large aircraft in China has made great progress. Although it is still some time before the first flight in 2014, 100 startup orders have been obtained at the air show at the end of 2010. To complete these orders, there is a huge demand for titanium alloy fasteners, and the market prospect of titanium alloy fasteners is very promising
in order to ensure the continuous and safe flight of aerospace instruments, the requirements for fasteners are extremely high. In particular, after the commercial aircraft is put into operation, it will operate for 20 to 30 years and fly continuously for more than 10 hours a day. The requirements for fasteners are even higher than the aerospace standards. Titanium alloy fasteners can meet the above requirements. In addition, titanium alloy fasteners can greatly reduce the weight of the aircraft, not only improve the flight performance, but also reduce the use cost. The most important thing is to reduce the fuel consumption. Such excellent performance is bound to be widely used in aircraft manufacturing. At present, the main problem that puzzles its development is titanium alloy. At present, the shortage of rare earth is prominent, and the price rise is obvious. China must strictly control the export of rare earth
analysts in the machinery industry pointed out that China is a large fastener production country, and its output ranks first in the world for many consecutive years, but China is not a strong fastener production country
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://www1.cqzpp.com/news/33485.html
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Having an arcade cabinet of one’s own is a common dream among those who grew up during the video game arcade heyday of the 80s and early 90s. It’s a fairly common build that doesn’t take too much specialized knowledge to build. This cabinet, on the other hand, pulled out all of the stops for the cabinet itself, demonstrating an impressive level of woodworking expertise.
The cabinet enclosure is made with red oak boards, which the creator [Obstreperuss] sawed and planed and then glued together to create the various panels (more details are available on his Imgur album). The Mario artwork on the sides and front aren’t just vinyl stickers, either. He used various hardwoods cut into small squares to create pixel art inlays in the oak faces. After the fancy woodwork was completed, the build was finished out with some USB arcade controllers, a flat-panel screen, and a Raspberry Pi to run the games.
While the internals are pretty standard, we have to commend the incredible quality of the woodworking. It’s an impressive homage to classic arcade machines and we wouldn’t mind a similar one in our own homes. If you’re lacking the woodworking equipment, though, it’s possible to get a refined (yet smaller) arcade cabinet for yourself with a 3D printer instead.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://hackaday.com/2021/01/08/solid-oak-arcade-cabinet-when-particle-board-wont-do/
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Needing very little excuse to pause while puffing our way up a hill, this time it was Paul's yell of "Knapweed broomrape!" that brought us to a standstill on the - admittedly very gentle - ascent between Shelford and Newton. Dismounting, we gathered around as Paul pointed to a brown spikey plant on the vergeside, explaining that it was a parasitic wildflower. Containing no chlorophyll, it steals its nutrients from the Greater Knapweed host, without which it cannot survive. Fairly common in the dry, calcareous areas near Cambridge, it's often found in road verges, quarries and railways.
Hilary, Jeremy, Lewis, Paul and Brian had set out earlier on a 23 mile circuit taking in Newton, Thriplow, Fowlmere, Chrishall Grange, Elmdon, Ickleton, Duxford and Whittlesford.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.shelfordspokes.co.uk/2022/07/botanical-bicycling.html
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Tom Swarbrick 10pm - 1am
Slave trade history 'should be taught as widely as Holocaust', says Prince Charles
26 June 2022, 08:20 | Updated: 26 June 2022, 08:29
The Prince of Wales believes the slave trade should be taught as widely and as thoroughly as the Holocaust.
Listen to this article
Charles believes there is a gap in awareness and education of the atrocity despite Britain playing a key part in it, the Telegraph reports.
The paper quoted a royal source as saying: "The Prince notes that in the UK, at a national level, we now know and learn at school all about the Holocaust.
"That is not true of the transatlantic slave trade... and there’s an acknowledgment that it needs to happen."
The source said the Prince was not trying to 'dictate' education policy, but more to encourage individuals to take responsibility for their own knowledge of the horrors of the slave trade.
The source added that Charles is trying to do just that.
Prince Charles is patron of the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust.
The paper suggests he is looking for a similar charitable organisation for the slave trade.
It is believed he thinks such an initiative would help educate and inform Brits.
The Royal Family has faced some tough questions over recent months as their links to Britain's involvement in the slave trade are slowly brought back into public conversation.
A number of royals visiting Caribbean islands in the past few months have faced protests, calls for an apology, and announcements that countries plan to ditch the monarchy and become a republic.
When Prince Edward, the Queen's youngest son, visited Saint Lucia at the end of April, one protester demanded the Queen "apologise for slavery".
Kate Middleton and Prince William were also met with protests when they toured the islands.
During a speech William described the slave trade as "abhorrent".
"I want to express my profound sorrow," he said.
"Slavery was abhorrent.
"And it should never have happened."
British monarchs supported or profited from the slave trade in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Elizabeth I was involved with John Hawkins, one of the first British slave traders, while Charles II encouraged its expansion.
Along with James II, his brother, they invested private money the Royal African Company, which transported Africans over the Atlantic, and later slavery abolitionists were opposed by the Duke of Clarence, who later became William IV.
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https://api.lbc.co.uk/news/slave-trade-holocaust-prince-charles/
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en
| 0.968285
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