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Posted by Peter Niepel (New Zealand) on November 14, 2011
Not that long ago nobody did actually know the expression “Raw Milk” because all milk was raw milk. That was before the 1940ies when pasteurisation wasn’t that common. And people survived drinking raw milk.
I was born 1961 and I still remember that we bought milk from a small dairy shop in Germany. We had our glass bottles and the lady behind the counter filled them from a pump. By the time we arrived home we had a thick layer of cream on top. So that must have been beginning 70ies. Still, nobody died from drinking it.
About one year ago, I received a reply from the Minister of Food Safety’s office HON Kate Wilkinson telling me that: “The harm that is produced by tobacco is generated through decades of use, mainly by adults. Whereas, a single ingestion of contaminated milk or cheese could kill, especially as this is a product more likely to be given to infants and children or the immune deficient, often by extremely well-meaning family members.” So raw milk is more dangerous than tobacco? What happened between the early 70eis and today?
What happened was that milk became industrialised. The milk you buy in the supermarket comes from a factory. It is a processed food item and different flavours are marketed. Skim Milk, High Calcium, Low Fat, Full Fat, lite, calci+, mega, trim, supertrim, A1, A2 – milk is not just milk anymore. Milk is a product, a brand, big business. Milk is produced and processed and stored and controlled. Technology has advanced to allow the biggest profits, to create a product which can be stored until demand is high.
Homogenisation – normally fat from cow’s milk separates after a while and creates a layer of cream on top of the bottle. This is not consumer friendly. The milk fat should be distributed throughout the volume of the milk so that the last drop has as much fat as the first. Nowadays milk is pressed through small jet tubes which create smaller fat globules. These smaller globules do not separate that easy from the rest of the milk. But it makes the fat globules more vulnerable to enzymes which would create bad flavour. So we need – Pasteurisation – initially thought to make milk healthier by killing bad germs and bacteria is nowadays mostly applied to kill any bacteria which could cause a natural souring process of milk. Also prevents the rancidity of the smaller fat globules. Ergo: Milk can be stored longer without becoming sour. Which benefits the milk factory and the shops.
So where is the benefit for the consumer in this?
The Minster for Food Safety tells me that raw milk is a high risk food. You can die from it. There is a health risk for the public. Listeria, E. Coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Tuberculosis. According to them these bacteria monsters are all floating around in your raw milk and they have only one purpose: to kill you. Well, but they potentially also hop around on your raw meat. And your spinach and lettuce. And your sprouts (yes the health food) and melons (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_United_States_listeria_outbreak). So why is it allowed to sell raw meat? Melons? Spinach and Lettuce? Because they are a consumer product with an industry behind it and raw milk isn’t. Would the Minster for Food Safety shut down the butcheries and meat works? There are more food poisoning cases coming out of them!
Before we look at some statistics I want to get one fact to you: In New Zealand there is no raw milk sold legally at this point in time. Yes I know you read the articles in the newspapers. But according to MAF/NZFSA they never received an application for a Risk Management Program (RMP)for the sale of raw milk at the farm gate. The sale of 5 liters per day per customer under a RMP is the only legal way to sell raw milk in New Zealand. So if they never received a RMP application, nobody sells Raw Milk legally in New Zealand. I was always under the impression that a dairy farmer contracted with the big dairy factory would be covered by the RMP they have to supply the milk to the factory. But this is not so. The sale of raw milk involves e.g. to fill milk into containers at the farm dairy. This would have to be included in an RMP. But it isn’t if the tanker picks up your milk etc.
Let’s look at the FBI Report 2010 (FBI? What an odd name! But it stands for Food Borne Illness). E. Coli infection are grouped into VTEC and STEC (Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli) In 2010 there were 138 infections from E. coli. That is 3.2 cases per 100,000 people13 were hospitalised, nobody died. The number on cause is contact with household pets. Although not food borne, the government should consider to disallow people having cats and dogs. But hey look, second most cause: “Consumed Dairy products”. But were these raw milk products? No. Because if we go down the table we actually find 14.8 per cent said they “Consumed raw milk or products from raw milk”. But you need to read the statistic properly. Because it doesn’t mean that 14.8 per cent became sick from raw milk. It means 14.8 per cent said that consumed raw milk before becoming sick. They might have also said they had contact with the family pet or touched a baby with dirty nappies (47.7%). 82.6% actually said they consumed raw fruit/vegetables. 77% answered they consumed beef products. There are no detailed statistics about Campylobacter outbreaks. A table tells us there were 14 food associated outbreaks. 3 of them were suspected to come from unpasteurised milk. 6 are from chicken meat related food, on from water and the rest unknown. Salmonella, from 10 outbreaks, one was from pasteurized milk, others from Pizza, drinking water, egg and poultry products and unknown reasons.
Now I am sure the Food Safety people will see this as an achievement resulting from the strict regulations which basically reduce the sale of raw milk to almost nothing. The argument might be that if they would allow the distribution of raw milk we might have full hospitals with people who are close to their death due to drinking a glass of raw milk. But I believe that there is actually quite a lot of people consuming raw milk in New Zealand. We are a nation of dairy farmers and lifestyleblock owners. Based on the experience I made with my clients of my home cheese making supplies business I know that many of our dairy farmers consume the milk from their farm, make butter and cheese, yogurt and cream.
A small survey I did on the www.lifestyleblock.co.nz forum showed that from just over 100 people who answered the survey, 40% used raw milk from their own animals and almost 25% got raw milk from other farms. That’s a majority of over 65% who consume raw milk (numbers based on the survey at the time I wrote this article. You can see the results and the discussion online athttp://www.lifestyleblock.co.nz/vforum/showthread.php?t=30305. If this survey is representative for the over 4,500 registered members of this forum we have about 2,900 consuming raw milk. By the way, almost 30% answered they would love to use raw milk if it would be available and close to 4% said they think raw milk is too risky and wouldn’t drink it.
So if we have so many people consuming raw milk and we have so few cases where raw milk is suspected to play a role in food borne illnesses, why does the government not allow us to buy it. And why do they allow us to buy raw meat, raw vegetables and poultry products if they actually pose a higher chance of getting sick from them? And if our government has only our health in mind, why do they allow all these fast food chains which not only play a big role in food borne diseases but also make us obese and sick?
I wouldn’t ask for shutting down the local McDonalds or Burger King. I do not expect that MAF is asking Spinach growers to get their spinach tested before they sell it. I wouldn’t even assume that Lettuce growers should have an expensive Risk Management Program. I don’t even think that sprout growers should be audited on a yearly basis. So why do all these restrictions I just mentioned apply to raw milk if it is actually less dangerous? Is it because there is a lobby behind the upkeep of all these restrictions?
I need to ask: Consumer, what do you want? I know we all want to live in a country where we have a choice. Where we are allowed to make our own decisions. Where we can say “No, I don’t get my take away from this shop, they look dodgy” but where we are also free to say “Yes, I saw how they milk their cows and it is all clean and healthy. I want to buy milk from them”.
Now is the time when we can have a say in this. Not many people know that the government is actually in the process of radically changing our food safety system (that’s another story altogether). As I mentioned above, in the current Food Safety Act a farmer is allowed (if he wants to invest a couple of thousands of dollars each year) to sell 5 liters per customer per day. This section is not included in the new Food Bill 2010. MAF/NZFSA admits that there is a need for a regulation of raw milk products. So they are asking for submissions. You can download the consultation paper here: http://www.foodsafety.govt.nz/consultation/. Submissions close on the 5th of December, 2011.
Let’s be real, raw milk is delicious and if handled correctly not more dangerous than your BBQ sausage, your spinach or melon. And definitely not more dangerous than your hamburger from the fast food shop.
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Final Four of 10 New Centers for Subject-Specific Research Unveiled by Federal Officials
The U.S. Department of Education has awarded $49 million in contracts to four universities to run national education research centers over the next five years.
The centers are the last of 10 being funded under the department’s Institute of Education Sciences. The institute was established in a 2002 overhaul of the department’s research operations, and it has since been phasing in the new research centers, most of which focus on topics different from those the previous generation of research centers handled.
Running the Gamut
The four centers named last month are:
• The National Research Center on Preparing Low-Skilled Students to Succeed in College, which will operate under a $10 million contract to Teachers College, Columbia University, in New York City.
• The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented, run by the University of Connecticut in Storrs under a $8.7 million grant from the federal Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Program.
• The National Research Center on Early Childhood Education, created under a $10 million grant to the University of Virginia in Charlottesville.
• The National Center of Teacher Performance Incentives, which will operate under a $9.8 million grant to Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn.
The July 28 announcement came shortly after the Urban Institute, a Washington think tank, disclosed that it had received a $10 million contract from the department to run the Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research. The center will mine state databases for information on how teacher mobility, hiring, compensation, and other practices affect student achievement. ("Research Center to Scour States’ Data Troves," July 26, 2006.)
The five centers that received grants from the institute in 2004 and 2005 focus on: rural education; data-driven school improvement efforts for low-achieving districts; English-language learners; school choice, competition, and student achievement; and evaluation, standards, and student testing.
Vol. 26, Issue 01, Page 12
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The European Union’s top diplomat, Josep Borrell, has reiterated this Saturday the immediate reactivation of the nuclear agreement between Iran and the international community after considering that there is no more time left to reach “new significant commitments”.
“After 15 months of intense and constructive negotiations in Vienna,” Borrell has come to the “conclusion” that neither Iran nor the international community will be able to achieve new additional advantages.
Right now what is on the table, according to Borrell, “is not a perfect agreement, but it addresses all the essential elements and includes the agreements reached with a lot of effort by all parties.”
Borrell has recalled that the so-called JPCOA is a limited instrument, which does not address other bilateral concerns of either Iran or the United States that go beyond the nuclear issue, such as human rights and Iran’s regional activities.
However, the European diplomat has recalled that the agreement is “a cornerstone of the global non-proliferation architecture” that can serve as a gateway to significant economic and financial dividends, in addition to strengthening regional and global security.”
“If the deal is rejected, we risk a dangerous nuclear crisis, faced with the prospect of further isolation for Iran and its people. It is our joint responsibility to conclude the deal,” concluded Borrell.
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The U.S. presidential candidates, and their surrogates, had oodles of cash to spend on ads during the election, a marketer’s dream. But Inc.com sales columnist Geoffrey James says the results show that spamming your brand won’t sell your product.
“Modern elections spend billions of dollars on broadcast advertising, to surprisingly little effect, only managing to change a small number of voters to switch sides. The problem is that in today’s brand-laden world, most people have become experts at tuning out repetitive messages and, indeed, quickly find them annoying rather than interesting or informative,” he writes.
A second lesson is that once you get angry, you have lost the argument. Conservative pundits, he notes, are in a constant state of rage and disgust. While that can stir the emotions of supporters, they are actually weak tools to bring others around to your viewpoint. “The most important rule of negotiating is ‘never lose your temper’ and the most important rule of selling is ‘don’t take it personally.’ A quiet conversation always works better than a furious sales pitch,” he advises.
Another lesson: Many folks dislike and distrust CEOs. Mitt Romney’s prime selling feature was that he had been a CEO, and could get things done. Linda McMahon, the ex-CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, had a similar pitch in her run for a Senate seat in Connecticut. But both candidates lost, in her case for the second time at the Senatorial level. After decades of downsizing, outsourcing, and offshoring, Mr. James says the message that “I’m a CEO, trust me,” doesn’t work.Report Typo/Error
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In today’s world of urbanization and industrial development, the one who are suffering the most are the mute companions of ours. They are hardly noticed by the superior race which we term as ‘humans’. The agonizing and deteriorating conditions of these innocent souls can’t be overlooked by us anymore. It’s so true that our Flora and Fauna have been treated with a great deal of disregard by people. We have been blessed with these assets so as to cherish them, not to bypass them.
Jeev Aashraya, an animal welfare organization in India, has a clear vision of infusing animal ethics in the hearts of people. It is an animal welfare organization primarily focused on working for the betterment of the stray and homeless life forms and provides animal shelter. Our organization strictly disapproves the inhuman act of animal abuse, hurting animals in any way, production of leather from animal hides, slaughtering, hunting, poaching, etc. It also discourages the practice of non-vegetarianism, in which the harmless innocent animals are chopped up into pieces just for pleasing the taste buds of few. It’s our moral duty to survive on this planet without sacrificing the existence of other fellow species and without deranging the natural balance of the ecosystem. Our organization supports and promotes the idea of ‘live and let live’. According to u, the Earth belongs to these creatures as much as it belongs to us. Being the most civilized species, it’s our moral duty to respect the existence of the other life forms.
Jeev Aashraya strictly denounces the ideology of mistreating the poor voiceless animals just for the sake of satisfying our illegitimate luxurious needs. It opposes the trend of buying and selling of products made up of animal skin, bones, etc. Our organization aims at instilling the compassionate feeling in the hearts of people for these helpless animals, and making them aware of the injustice involved in usage of the animal made products. We whole heartedly promote eco friendly products that do not involve mutilation of any animal during the course of production.
Jeev Aashraya sternly criticize the malpractices of hunting and poaching of animals, adopted by some people just for the sake of fun or the monetary benefits. These animals were not granted to us as a commodity for commercial purposes like trade. Our organization aims at inducing the sense of empathy among people, so as to reduce such practices or cease them completely and provide animal shelter.
Jeev Aashraya is optimistically looking forward to a society where all the people realize the significance of all the life forms present on the Earth and establish a close relationships with them. We aim to develop our organization as a platform for the animal lovers, which will serve as a meeting point for all the devoted animal lovers to come and deliver their philanthropic services for animal welfare. We are working towards building a nation with a wider concern about the well being of companion animals.
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The Internet of Things: Smart Appliances for Your Home
Maybe you already have a smart speaker or home assistant like Google Home or Amazon Echo. These gadgets, when paired with additional accessories, can control your lights, your thermostat and your home security system. But did you know these speakers, and your smart devices – such as phones and tablets – can also control appliances in your home? Here is a closer look at some of the smart appliances brought to you by the internet of things.
It honestly sounds like something from the future, but a smart refrigerator can be really useful in your busy household. It can actually keep track of things like expiration dates and your use of certain items. It does this through RFID with which it will scan products and download information directly from the internet.
Imagine that your refrigerator knows that you need milk. It can alert you to the fact that you need to stop and buy milk or simply add it to your shopping list when the supply gets low.
Smart Oven Ranges
When your oven can also connect to Wi-Fi and download information directly from the internet, your job in the kitchen can be much easier. Your stove will connect to an app that you can use to set the oven to preheat or control the temperature remotely whether you're in your living room or across town in your office.
You may also be able to connect the oven to a recipe app. This can give you a nearly hands-off approach to cooking as it will preheat the oven to the proper temperature and turn it off when the food is finished based on the recipe instructions.
Smart Washers and Dryers
Not everyone loves to do laundry. But it can be made easier with the use of smart washers and dryers. These appliances connect to your home network to make the entire process simpler. They connect to your Wi-Fi and can be controlled through a smart home assistant, like Alexa, or through your smartphone.
You can control the appliances from wherever you are and receive a notification when your laundry is done. The washer can sense the load, including the level of dirtiness, and choose the right cycle. Smart appliances, like your washer and dryer, will also alert you when maintenance is necessary.
What other technologies can bring your home into the future? Contact us to learn more today.
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The FCC will deny funds to any US carriers or internet service providers that buy components from China's Huawei and ZTE.
The commission on Friday voted 5-0 to adopt the rules, citing the need to protect US networks from national security threats. The FCC is worried that Huawei and ZTE will secretly backdoor their telecommunication products so the Chinese government can snoop on Americans.
It's a spying charge both Huawei and ZTE have adamantly denied over the years. Nevertheless, the commission voted on Friday to adopt a rule that designates both companies as a security threat. As a result, carriers and ISPs that source telecommunication equipment from Huawei and ZTE will no longer be able to tap an $8.5 billion FCC fund to subsidize their projects.
"Given the threats posed by Huawei and ZTE to America's security and our 5G future, this FCC will not sit idly by and hope for the best," FCC Chairman Ajit Pai said today.
According to the commission, hundreds of carriers rely on the $8.5 billion Universal Service Fund to build telecommunication networks for low-income areas that have little access to phone or internet service. (However, it's important to note the fund is not used to supply smartphones to consumers.)
On the same day, the FCC also approved a proposal that seeks to force the same US carriers and ISPs to rip out and replace any existing Huawei and ZTE equipment in their networks.
For now, the FCC is going to embark on a study to determine how many carriers and ISPs are currently using Huawei and ZTE technology. The same order will seek comment from the public on how it'll subsidize the remove and replace of all the affected equipment.
In response, Huawei said the FCC's action today will disrupt the business for many carriers in the US, particularly in rural areas, which are reliant on the Chinese company's networking technologies. "Without access to those solutions, these carriers will lose their ability to provide reliable and high-speed telecommunications and internet services. Rural schools, hospitals, and libraries will feel the effects," the company said in a statement.
Huawei also claims the FCC's order threatens to reduce competition in the telecommunications market, which will cause prices for the equipment, including 5G technologies, to go up.
"Huawei believes this order is unlawful as the FCC has singled out Huawei based on national security, but it provides no evidence that Huawei poses a security risk. Instead, the FCC simply assumes, based on a mistaken view of Chinese law, that Huawei might come under Chinese government control," the company said, before adding: "Huawei would never breach its customers' trust."
ZTE did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
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Science, it is said, is founded upon the regularity of sequences; it asumes that if certain conditions within the course of nature are given, certain other conditions will always follow. But if there is to be any intrusion of events which by their very definition are independent of all previous conditions, then, it is said, the regularity of nature upon which science bases itself is broken up. Miracle, in other words, seems to introduce an element of arbitrariness and unaccountability into the course of the world. The objection ignores what is really fundamental the Christian conception of miracle.
According to the Christian conception, a miracle is wrought by the immediate power of God. It is not wrought by an arbitrary and fantastic despot, but by the very God to whom the regularity of nature itself is due–by the God, moreover, whose character is known through the Bible. Such a God, we may be sure, will not do despite to the reason that He has given to His creatures; His interposition will introduce no disorder into the world that He has made. There is nothing arbitrary about a miracle, according to the Christian conception. It is not an uncaused event, but an event that is caused by the very source of all the order that is in the world. It is dependent altogether upon the least arbitrary and the most firmly fixed of all the things that are–namely upon the character of God.
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The VA home loan is a mortgage program available to active military members and veterans of the U.S. armed services. The program is offered by the Department of Veterans Affairs as part of the VA Benefits package, and has been helping veterans purchase and refinance homes for 70 years.
VA loans offer flexible mortgage guidelines at very low interest rates.Click here to check VA mortgage rates today. (Jan 24th, 2017)
A VA loan is a mortgage guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. The VA loan program was started in 1944 as a way to help returning veterans buy homes and build roots into a community.
VA loans can be used to buy a home, build a home, refinance a home, or simultaneously purchase and repair a home.
So long as a lender ensures that a loan meets the agency's eligibility standards for veterans, the VA will issue its "VA Guaranty", a promise to reimburse lenders up to 25% of the loan amount should the borrower stop making payments and cause a foreclosure.
VA mortgage rates are often low when compared to FHA loans and conventional loans because the VA guaranty's 25% loss coverage means that a bank's risk in foreclosure is virtually nil. The VA guaranty reduces bank risk in a similar way that a 25% downpayment would.
The VA loan is a flexible, powerful mortgage program for veterans and active servicemembers. In addition to providing access to 100%, no-money-down mortgages, the VA loan can be used to purchase homes, to refinance homes, or to repair them.
Furthermore, no matter how big or how small your downpayment, the VA will never charge mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) to its veterans. VA loans are mortgage insurance-free, always.
Another benefit of VA loans is that they are assumable. This means that when your home is sold, the buyer of your home can "take over" your mortgage, current mortgage rate and all.
Assumable loans can increase the value of your home in a rising mortgage rate environment.
Lastly, all VA-backed homeowners get access to the VA Streamline Refinance program, arguably the fastest and best refinance program available. The VA Streamline Refinance, which is formally known as the VA Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL), requires no appraisal, no verification of income, and no official credit check.
When mortgage rates are dropping, the VA Streamline Refinance is a fast and effective way to save money each month.
In order to qualify for a VA home loan, the Department of Veterans Affairs enforces two key rules.
First, the home buyer or refinancing homeowner must meet the VA's minimum military service requirements. Minimum service requirements range from 90 days for veterans who served during period of war; to 181 days for veterans who served during times of peace.
The second key rule is that military borrowers must be eligible to use their VA benefits for the purposes of a purchase or refinance.
In order to provide eligibility for benefits, borrowers are required to show a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). The COE will state whether a veteran or servicemember is eligible for a VA home loan based on service history, and will also provide details to the lender including:
It can be faster for a mortgage lender to procure a Certificate of Eligibility than for a veteran -- COEs can be requested and delivered in just minutes via a VA website with your permission.Check today's VA rates and request your COE here. (Jan 24th, 2017)
Current mortgage rates are near a 12-month low. VA-eligible buyers are benefitting from extended home purchasing power and lightning-fast approval times.
Compare today's live VA mortgage rates now. Rates are available online at no cost, with no obligation to proceed, and with no social security number required to get started.
The information contained on The Mortgage Reports website is for informational purposes only and is not an advertisement for products offered by Full Beaker. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not reflect the policy or position of Full Beaker, its officers, parent, or affiliates.
Sarah M. Office Manager
The Mortgage Reports has been an invaluable resource to me -- it helped me to pick the sweet spot to refinance. Thanks!
The Mortgage Reports is invaluable. It's our primary source for information on housing finance.
Jerolyn C. CPA
The Mortgage Reports isn't just basic mortgage rate information -- it's analysis on rate changes and trends, and updates on the laws in lending. Subscribing to the site's daily updates is worthwhile.
2017 Conforming, FHA, & VA Loan Limits
Mortgage loan limits for every U.S. county, as published by Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
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|1 (a)||Name of the current national classification (full name in official national languages and in English with acronyms in brackets, should be given)|| |
|1 (b)||In which language(s) is the classification available?||The Chinese "National Classification of Codes for Main Products" was quite different from CPC, regarding both the scope and the principle of classification. It only includes transportable products (goods), no service. Since only material production sectors were taken into account while China practiced MPS at that time. In fact, China hasn't yet established any classification system for major products consistent with CPC recommended by the United Nations so far.|
|1 (c)||Can the classification (or information about it) be accessed on the Internet? If yes, please provide the URL.||4 levels, 8-digits codes.|
The structure of Chinese classification is not compatible with CPC, but the part of transportable products (goods) is in more details than CPC.
|2 (a)||Please describe the structure of the classification: How many levels does the classification have? (Please provide labels, such as “Division”, “Class”) How many categories exist at each level?||There are about 50000 categories of products at the most detailed level of the Chinese main product Classification.|
|2 (b)||Please provide examples of the coding system used at each level.||No|
|3 (a)||Is this classification based on (or linked to) an international standard classification? If yes, please describe.||Statistical Standards Division, Department of Statistical Design and Management of NBS.|
|3 (b)||Is the classification structure identical to the international standard or, if not, how does it differ? (e.g. have additional levels been added to the international standard or have changes been made within the level of the international structure, such as aggregations or additional breakdowns)||Name: Deng Shangjie|
Tel: 086 10 68573311--87073
|3 (c)||Please describe deviations from the international standard (in terms of structure, methodology or application rules). Please use examples, if a general statement is not possible.||International Statistical Information Center|
National Bureau of Statistics of China
No. 75 Yuetan Nanjie, Sanlihe, Beijing
Tel : 086 10 63449293
Fax: 086 10 6340 1410
|3 (d)||At what level of the international standard can data be reported for international comparison? (Please provide examples of programmes / indicators if reporting takes place at different levels of the classification.)||In 1987.|
In fact, the main product classification has not been officially implemented by NBS of China.
|3 (e)||If no links to international classifications exist or no international standard is used, please state if there are plans to use international norms in the future.||From now on, we will study and draft the Chinese Classification for Main Products, which will include all products and service in economic activities, and its structure is going to be identical with industrial classification (ISIC), so as to enable it to convert to the Central Product Classification of UN (CPC). All of the work is planned to complete before 2005.|
|4 (a)||Please state for which statistical purposes (surveys etc.) this classification is used and if there are users outside of the Statistical Office. Please indicate at which level the classification is used for data collection and for data publishing.||Only part of main product classification is used in national industry census and sectoral statistical investigation of other ministries.|
|4 (b)||Please give the names of institutions that use the classification for non-statistical purposes (as opposed to statistical purposes in question 4(a)). Also indicate the kind of use (e.g. tax offices, social security, customs, enterprise register, employment services, work permits etc.)||There are nearly 5,000 products in national census of industries, and only the aggregates of 400--1000 products in annual report of NBS.|
|4 (c)||Please indicate if alternative classifications are used by other institutions of the economy. Are these classifications available and useful for the Statistical Office?||The same as above.|
|5 (a)||Please state the date of the official adoption of the classification. If not yet adopted, please indicate the current state (e.g. in development, sent for approval, in printing, ready to be distributed etc.)||Chinese|
|5 (b)||Please state the date of use of the classification for individual statistical programmes.||No|
|5 (c)||Are there existing plans for revision or update of the current classification?||No|
|5 (d)||Name of former (previous) national classification (full name in both national tongue and in English with acronyms in brackets, should be given)||Only have simple explanatory notes in the current classification.|
|5 (e)||Please describe the link of the former classification to international classifications||(1) The current classification only includes transportable products (goods), no service.|
(2) And it is too old, and its levels are not reasonablly defined.
(3) The national explanatory notes for classification is too simple.
|5 (f)||Please describe the structure of the former classification and indicate the number of items at each level of the classification. (similar to question 2(a))||We hope to get adequate assistance from international organizations, it should include the technology of revising and converting national classification to international classification, electronic form of the conversion key(s), training for statistical standard staff of China, and reference document of statistical classification.|
|5 (g)||Do conversion tables exist between the former and current classification?||State Development Planing Commission,|
State Economic & Trade Commerce Commission,
various research institutes,etc.
|5 (h)||When was the former classification implemented?||Other institutions formulated their own products classification. These classifications can be either in more details or more aggregated than NBS's classification. In addition, the General Customs Administration of China has formulated the standard of "Customs Classification of Import and Export Commodity" in the light of the UN's "The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS)", it is mainly used in statistical data of import and export commodity.|
|5 (i)||Are statistical data still collected or published according to the former classification? Please indicate if this statistical data is collected or published by the Statistical Office or elsewhere.||No|
|6 (a)||Have national explanatory notes and/or guidelines been elaborated?||None|
|7 (b)||Contact address, phone number, e-mail or website for public information and inquiry||Classification and Codes for National Industrial and Agricultural Products (commodities, supplies)|
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In addition, European suppliers are currently facing intense price competition from Asia. Chinese occupies about 30 to 40 per cent of the citric acid market, with ADM, DSM Nutritional Products, Tate & Lyle, Jungbunzlauer and Cargill dominating the rest.
The company said that the increase is effective immediately for all newly contracted business.
Citric acid dominates the category of organic acids, with production estimated at 1.4 million tons in 2004. On the back of numerous applications for the ingredient, consumption is expected to grow strongly until 2009, with the market value exceeding $2 billion (€1.53bn).
However despite bright growth prospects for citric acid due to its numerous applications in food and beverages, suppliers are facing tough competition from abroad. Chinese companies are pushing ever more competitive prices onto the market place, leading some European producers to complain of price dumping.
Effects are now being felt. ADM for example recently announced the closure of its Irish citric acid plant in Ringaskiddy, with the loss of some 150 jobs.
Citric acid is the most widely used food acid in today's food and beverage industries, providing a sharp, yet clean and refreshing, tart taste. In fact, 70 per cent of citric acid production is targeted at the food and carbonated beverage sectors.
Though it occurs naturally in fruits, most citric acid is produced in refineries. This is accomplished by fermenting cane sugar, molasses, and dextrose by use of the fungus Aspergillus niger.
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"Role of Genetic, Epigenetic, and Immune Response in Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) Reinfection"
Hemant Tiwari, Phd
University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)
Professor, Department of Biostatistics
The Epidemiology Seminar Series at the UAB School of Public Health brings together the academic community by sharing diverse epidemiological research by speakers from the Department of Epidemiology as well as other divisions and departments at UAB, local and state health departments, or invited guests from other national and occasionally international institutes. The overall objective of the epidemiology seminar series is to create a forum for scientific dialogue on current topics in epidemiology among students, staff, faculty, and practicing professionals in epidemiology. This seminar series will be an opportunity for everyone to learn about each other's ongoing work and areas of expertise, and to identify opportunities for potential collaboration.
Monday, April 18 at 12:00pm to 1:00pmVirtual Event
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Georgia's row crops are enjoying some of the best weather they've had in years. But major crop enemies dwell in those healthy plant canopies. Plant diseases, too, enjoy the wet weather.
Ample rainfall all spring and summer's rising humidity have made “super” weather for certain crop diseases, says Bob Kemerait, a plant pathologist with the University of Georgia Extension Service.
“We're seeing a lot more fungal diseases in particular,” he says. Fungal diseases can take their toll on major Georgia crops, like corn, peanuts and cotton. Such damage to plants can lead to lower yields.
“In the past few weeks, I've had more phone calls about corn (diseases) than for cotton and peanuts combined,” he says.
The number of cotton and peanut calls hasn't dropped from other years. There's just been an increase in corn diseases and interest in controlling them this year, he says.
Southern corn leaf blight and Southern rust attack corn leaves, especially during periods of wet weather and on corn varieties with reduced resistance. These diseases can easily take away yield and cause serious damage when the crop is grown for livestock feed, Kemerait says.
Fueled by wet, humid weather, these two diseases have increasingly damaged Georgia's corn in recent years. They cost growers about $3 million in damage each year. The damage could be greater this year, he says.
Corn diseases aren't as economically damaging as cotton or peanut diseases. But all together, they cause about $10 million a year in damages.
Historically, corn farmers haven't felt that the value of field corn justified the expense of disease control. But that way of thinking is changing, Kemerait says.
The Georgia Commodity Commission for Corn wants studies to determine if farmers can afford to fight these diseases before they get out of hand.
The wet weather may have helped Georgia's peanut crop to look a little more “funky” this year, he says. Symptoms are being called funky leaf spot.
It looks similar to early leafspot disease, but conventional chemicals don't appear to affect it much. Farmers and researchers will continue to watch this disease, he says.
Tomato spotted wilt virus, a deadly peanut disease, may take it easy this year, Kemerait says. It hasn't been as severe on other crops. This is usually good news for the peanut crop.
Farmers also stuck to the UGA Spotted Wilt Index, a guide developed to reduce the risk of the disease, this season. In the past, Georgia farmers had most of their peanuts planted before May 15. But this year, the risk index recommended not to start planting before May 10.
But planting beginning in the middle of May means the peanut plants likely will have greater exposure to leafspot diseases, which tend to be more severe on later planted peanuts.
Most farmers can keep leafspot diseases at bay with regular spraying, he says.
Georgia peanut farmers spend about $65 million fighting diseases and still lose $50 million to disease damage each year.
Wet weather blight affects cotton in periods of wet weather and has appeared on much of the 2003 crop. However, it typically has been only a short-lived cosmetic problem.
Nematodes, the microscopic worms that feed on cotton roots, have shown up with a vengeance in some fields early this year, Kemerait says.
The wet weather may provide a better environment for their feeding and development, he says. However, poor crop rotation is usually the reason cotton growers have a problem in their fields.
“The best thing farmers can do right now is to keep an eye on their fields, know what's going on and be ready (to fight diseases if they appear),” Kemerait says.
But the best defense against diseases, he says, is having a healthy plant. And, so far, nature has provided the weather for that.
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Her scholarship includes a focus on competencies needed for intercultural, evidence-based, socially just spiritual care, and how to use a spiritually integrative pedagogy for teaching these competencies in highly interactive distance courses that include video-recorded spiritual care conversations in which students can demonstrate and assess their competencies.
Iliff is one of the Chaplaincy Innovation Lab’s partner organizations. Formed in 2018, the lab focuses on improving how chaplains are trained, how they work with diverse individuals (including those with no religious or spiritual backgrounds), and how chaplaincy and spiritual care coheres as a professional field. This lab also does research and educational modules on chaplaincy practice, training, and education.
Professor Carrie Doehring is one of the speakers on a webinar on “Spiritual / Moral Dilemmas in COVID-19: How Might Spiritual Care Help.” The webinar will feature practitioners sharing solutions for moral dilemmas facing spiritual caregivers: what to do when “do no harm” is threatened by a chaplain’s bodily presence, and perspectives on how acute moral stress is caused by denials of care and other pandemic dynamics.
The other speakers on the webinar, co-sponsored with Odyssey Impact, include:
- Stephanie Crumpton, McCormick Theological Seminary
- Zachary Moon, Chicago Theological Seminary
- Michael Shochet, Temple Radef Shalom
Register for the webinar HERE.
You can watch the full video recording of the webinar here – https://bit.ly/2xQDkgc
March 17 (Tuesday) @ 12 noon EST
We are hearing from many of you about the work you are doing with multiple constituents in the midst of the coronavirus outbreak. We are sending patience, love, and strength and want to be a resource as we work through this together. I have been thinking a lot about Henry Whitehead, the priest who helped early epidemiologist John Snow discover the source of the 1854 cholera epidemic. That crisis, like this one, was a spiritual as well as public health issue.
Consider joining us for a special town hall-style webinar from 12 – 1pm EST Tuesday March 17th. Will Whitmore, chaplain at Mercersburg Academy, and I will facilitate a conversation with Carrie Doehring (Iliff School of Theology), Elaine Yuen (Naropa University), Trace Haythorn (ACPE) and maybe one or two more people reflecting on spiritual care in the midst of the virus that we hope will provide support and a bit of self-care.
As always, registration is free and open to all. We can continue to hold a weekly town-hall meeting by Zoom through this period as helpful.
Many of you are innovating by the hour if not the day. Consider sharing ideas and practices you are trying that seem like effective spiritual care.
And for those of you moving teaching online, share tips and / or ask for help. We will monitor these Google docs and respond within a day. Let us know what else you need and we will do our best.
With thanks for your continued work,
Wendy Cadge and the CIL Team
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In the Interest of Science
There is a chance that our story on electric propulsion (starting on page 8) might be taken the wrong way. Our unequivocal "buyer beware" warning regarding this technology doesnít mean that Practical Sailor doesnít admire or respect the innovators in this field. Or that we donít appreciate the financial risks many have taken to advance the technology. Or that we donít like the idea of being free of fossil fuels and the racket of engines that burn them. However, at the end of the day, this publication has a duty to clear the air when the facts evaporate in a fog of irrational exuberance. Thanks to the support of you, our loyal subscribers who keep us ad-free, we are the only sailing publication that can poke holes in the emperorís new boat without fear of being fed to the sharks.
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While the Coronavirus pandemic continues, so many workers are having to return to their workplace.
As employers look to improve the cleaning and personal hygiene standards of their environment, many are not considering the indoor air quality levels.
Whether you’re currently welcoming staff members back to their office or shared workspace or, are hoping to do so in the near future, improving indoor air quality is vital.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) have found evidence to suggest COVID-19 and the additional variants being formed, spread through air particles rather than across hard surfaces.
One of the biggest challenges to improving indoor air quality of any workplace environment, is eliminating the viruses.
Workplace air quality
Not only is workplace air quality compromised by the increased risk of transmitting Coronavirus; many employees with a string of allergies could be effected.
It has been known, in environments with extremely high levels of air pollution, for individuals to develop asthma and other problems with their overall health.
The Times newspaper reported earlier this year that the Government are proposing newer offices, commercial properties and other buildings should install improved ventilation systems.
Not only should they be installed, but they should provide fresh, clean air at a 50% higher rate than existing systems used throughout the UK. The Government are hoping to not only address the risk of poor indoor air quality, but to protect against any future virus outbreaks.
We also understand that improved air quality can contribute towards increased productivity across the workforce.
While workplaces continue to provide hand sanitising stations and wipes to regularly clean hands and surfaces, it is important to remember viruses can be transmitted via airborne particles.
Wearing a face covering can protect against transmission, so long as the coverings remain clean. Regularly washing or providing fresh masks or shields can ensure safety isn’t compromised. The Government have suggested 1 in 3-people who have Coronavirus, don’t have any symptoms and so can spread the virus without realising it.
Some workplace environments are able to keep to schedules which limit the amount of people within the office at one time, to ensure there is more clean, breathable air. It is also suggested to keep windows or doors open, to increase indoor ventilation. However; many places are unaware of the increase in air pollution levels this can cause.
Purifying the air
Despite the best efforts of employers, it can be virtually impossible to monitor air quality levels within the office. So, how can they be sure the air is 100% clean?
Using technology such as PureAire’s, air quality levels can be monitored before any further action is taken. Our team of experts can produce a report documenting the air levels, where levels should be improved and how.
State-of-the-art air purification systems – such as the ones available from PureAire – are effective due to the design and build of the device. For example; PureAire solutions aren’t built with a filter like many other systems. Our technology will capture and destroy harmful airborne particles, totally removing them from your environment; whereas other solutions will only capture the particles for a certain amount of time.
PureAire solutions have the only UK air purifier which has been tested in a lab environment by ISO 16890 – a worldwide accreditation – down to 0.1-microns. This means, as much as 99.5% of harmful airborne pollutants are effectively destroyed.
Every year UK companies lose as much as £600-million to poor air, through 3-million employee sick days caused by poor air quality. With PureAire, you can cut this cost and put more money back in your pocket.
Get in touch with our experts to arrange a demonstration.
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Jump to:Page Content
The New York Times
In south Tehran there is a huge walled cemetery dedicated to the martyrs, the young men who died fighting in the 1979 revolution and the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988. This vast city of the dead, complete with its own subway station and shops, does not share Arlington National Cemetery's sublimely stoic aesthetic of identical tombstones, row upon row. In Tehran 's war cemetery, each of the fallen is remembered individually with his own martyr's shrine, a sealed glass cabinet on a stand. The cabinets are filled with faded photos of men forever young, some in helmets or red bandannas, some carrying their weapons, others at home stroking the family cat or grinning during a meal with friends. Next to the yellowing photographs might be a Koran, or a faded copy of a Persian poem, or a set of plastic flowers, or one of the painted eggs that Iranian families exchange at their New Year. These little shrines seem to go on forever, each one a family's attempt to confer immortality on some young man who died in the trenches at a place like Khorramshahr, the pinnacle of Iranian resistance to the Iraqi invaders.
More than a million Iranians served in the war with Iraq. Three hundred thousand died and a larger number came home wounded. Although the conflict ended in stalemate and disillusion, it remains the Iranian revolution's defining moment of sacrifice. Accordingly, the regime still exploits the martyrs' sacrifices at every traffic roundabout in the country, with enormous posters of the bearded, unsmiling, very young men in uniform, heading off to battle and divine reward.
The religion of Iran, Shiite Islam, is a martyr's faith. Shiite culture has aspects of a death cult, including an obsession with blood sacrifice. For some surviving veterans, the camaraderie they experienced on the Iraqi front epitomized not only the patriotic virtues of the revolution but also the self-sacrificing virtues of their faith. Any American neoconservative betting on the Iranian regime to crumble under the impact of isolation, blockade, sanctions or foreign condemnation ought to pay a visit to the martyrs' cemetery. Revolutionary regimes anchored in faith and blood sacrifice have good reason to believe they are impervious to outside pressure.
I visited the cemetery of the martyrs late last month, during a trip to Iran to lecture on human rights, mostly to reform-minded students and intellectuals. My arrival fell between rounds of the country's presidential election. In the first round of voting, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad — the son of an ironworker, a former Revolutionary Guard during the war with Iraq and, briefly, the appointed mayor of Tehran — had come from nowhere to win about 20 percent of the vote. The former Iranian president Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the supposedly reformist candidate, was struggling to hold off Ahmadinejad's challenge in the second round. Ahmadinejad is an authoritarian populist with a base of support among the poor in the shantytowns and warrens of south Tehran . Unlike Rafsanjani, he is not a mullah, and he served in the war. This gave him access to the war veterans and the Basiji, the paramilitary popular militias created during the war, and he was using them to get out the vote in the poorest neighborhoods of south Tehran . He promised the poor justice, but most of all he promised the veterans rewards for their sacrifice. Immediately labeled a hard-liner by most American commentators, Ahmadinejad sent out more populist, inclusive signals at home, leading some Iranians to worry that quick American condemnations of him as a reactionary might only provoke him into becoming one.
At the beginning of the week that I arrived, there were few Ahmadinejad posters around Tehran for the presidential runoff. Thanks to the veterans, by the eve of the final vote, banners and posters were displayed everywhere. At night, cars would grind to a halt while Ahmadinejad supporters, with his picture plastered on their foreheads, danced around the traffic circles. In the end, Ahmadinejad easily defeated Rafsanjani in the runoff election, winning with about 60 percent of the vote. It was a victory so unexpected that some were already calling it the second Iranian revolution.
Ahmadinejad had capitalized not only on his war service but also on gathering disillusion with the failure of the reformers — nominally in power since the election of President Mohammad Khatami in 1997 — to address popular grievances relating to jobs, housing, transport and, above all, the growing class divide. In leafy north Tehran, reformers were talking about human rights and democracy, while in dusty south Tehran, the poor were struggling to hold onto jobs in an economy in which unemployment was officially 15 percent and probably twice that. For the reformers, the victory brought home how out of touch with ordinary Iranians many of them had become.
''That was our chief mistake,'' Amir Hossein Barmaki, a middle-class Tehrani who now works for the United Nations in the city, told me. ''The reformers — Khatami and Rafsanjani — came to power after the war and they did nothing for the veterans. These boys from the poor districts came home, having saved the country, and we did nothing for them. There were some who are dying of Saddam's poison gas attacks who didn't even get a pension.''
''No,'' he went on. ''There was worse. None of us actually went to the war. All the middle class went abroad or stayed in university. We sent the poor instead. We could even buy our way out of military service. It is our shame.''
On the nights after Ahmadinejad's victory, the atmosphere among many of the liberal Iranians I talked with was reminiscent of another group of intellectuals: the Russian thinkers of the 1860's, Western-educated men and women who had to discover, painfully, just how out of touch their reformist ideas were with the poor and burdened of their own society. Barmaki told me mournfully, ''We reformers have lost five years.''
The political task ahead for the liberal thinkers of Iran is to find a program that links human rights and democracy to the poor's economic grievances.
I had been invited to lecture on human rights and democracy, but Ahmadinejad's unexpected victory changed the agenda of my talks. Suddenly the question was no longer, What do democracy and human rights mean in an Islamic society? but, Can democracy and human rights make any headway at all in a society deeply divided between rich and poor, included and excluded, educated and uneducated? The reformers had promoted human rights and democracy as a panacea for Iran's poor, and what had been the result? The slums of Tehran voted for a man who advocated stricter discipline for women, tougher theocratic rule and state control of the economy.
I was invited not by the mullah-dominated universities but by the Cultural Research Bureau, an independent center in Tehran that publishes books and runs its own gift shop, gallery and lecture hall. My Iranian host, Ramin Jahanbegloo, works in a tiny shared office at the bureau, inviting foreign guests and building up a small circle of free-minded students whom he lectures on European thought. He and I had never met, but he has published a book of conversations he had as a student with Isaiah Berlin, the Oxford philosopher of liberalism, and I have written a biography of Berlin. We are Berliners.
Berlin himself visited Tehran in the late 1970's, during the dying years of the shah's regime. He gave a lecture — ''On the Rise of Cultural Pluralism'' — in front of the empress, who, as Berlin later recounted, fidgeted irritably and then made a sign to a courtier to get Berlin to cut it short. In midlecture, Berlin sat down, he told a friend, ''as if stung by several wasps.'' All in all it was not a happy visit. The shah's Iran , he decided, was the last czarist regime on earth. Propped up by the Americans and kept in power by a hated secret police, the shah launched a White Revolution in the 1960's, a grandiose modernization program that alienated mullahs, merchants and students alike. Eventually, street demonstrations forced him to abdicate, and he fled into exile in 1979. After that came the Shiite revolution, led by Ayatollah Khomeini. Since then, hundreds of thousands of Iranians have gone into exile, and the liberal intelligentsia that remains is both cut off from the mass of the Iranian population and isolated from the Western universities from which it draws its inspiration.
Jahanbegloo says he thinks of himself as a bridge between Iran and those universities. He invites a steady stream of philosophers like Richard Rorty from Stanford and Agnes Heller from the New School in New York to give talks to students. He sees some signs that their ideas are finding a toehold in Tehran. Three decades ago, the intellectuels du jour were Michel Foucault and fellow radical theorists. They arrived in Tehran proclaiming their solidarity with a revolution that actively despised them while persecuting its own freethinkers. Now the pendulum in Tehran has swung toward pragmatic liberals like Berlin.
Upon arrival, I was immediately plunged into the kinds of discussions about democracy and freedom that took place in Prague, Warsaw and Budapest in the 1980's. On my first day, young journalists at a reform-minded newspaper called Shargh quizzed me about the difference between ''maximal'' and ''minimal'' democracy. Maximal democracy means elections plus rule of law, bills of rights and checks and balances. That is decades away in Iran . Minimal democracy is what they already have: guided rule by the mullahs that may deliver the country straight to tyranny under Ahmadinejad.
It became apparent that what I should have been teaching during my visit was the history of the Protestant Reformation. It's not just that Islam badly needs a Reformation. It's also that Iranians need to know how the Reformation and the bloody religious wars that followed it taught the West to put God in his place. Democracy arises, I told the students, not just to enthrone the people but also to separate religion and politics, establishing rules of tolerance that allow all religions to enjoy freedom and creating a political system in which religious and secular arguments compete on equal ground.
Many young Iranians I talked to were so hostile to clerical rule that I found myself cautioning them against going too far in the other direction. Many seemed in favor of a secular republicanism in which religion was excluded from politics altogether, as it was in Turkey during the rule of that country's modernizing dictator, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. As Isaiah Berlin warned, however, if you bend the twig too far, it will snap back in your face. In Turkey, the reaction against the extremes of Ataturk's secularism has brought an Islamic government, though admittedly a moderate one, to power. Secularism, I argued, doesn't mean crushing religion, it just means creating a neutral space in which arguments between religious and secular people are settled by evidence, not dogma.
''Like in the United States ?'' a bright female student asked me with a coy smile. In the United States , I said, God is never out of the public sphere. The furor over the end of Terri Schiavo's life and the Bush administration's restrictions on federal financing for stem cell research, among other things, make that obvious. From their vantage point inside a theocracy, young Iranians long for ''a wall of separation'' between religion and government, as Thomas Jefferson called it, and they told me they found it puzzling, even disappointing, that religion and politics are not actually separate in the United States. I tried to explain that keeping God in his place in a democracy is work that never ends.
Democracy in Iran also means working free of what one student called ''the culture of dictatorship,'' a floating web of patriarchal controls over private life. All of the young people I talked to were under 30, invariably were living at home till marriage and were chafing under restrictions on their personal lives. For young women, living free means the right to choose whom you marry and how much hair to display around your hijab; it means leaving to get an M.B.A. in Australia and then coming back and running a business. For one young man, struggling to find how he might buy his way out of compulsory military service, it means the freedom, he confessed in a whisper, to be gay. Homosexuality is a crime in Iran, and seemingly the only time when conversations do become furtive, with anxious looks over shoulders, is when homosexuality is the topic.
The hostility toward homosexuality is not just a reflex of a deeply traditional family culture. The Shiite regime has waged a 26-year war on pleasures both homosexual and heterosexual. In Persian culture, however, the taste for pleasure runs deep. Just think of the music-making, dancing and the costumed beauty of the men and women in classical Persian miniatures. During the revolution, many of these Persian treasures were hacked off the walls of mosques and palaces by Shiite zealots.
Thankfully, Persian pleasure remains stubbornly alive. When I flew south from Tehran to Isfahan, the astounding capital of the Safavid shahs of the 17th century, I spent one night wandering along the exquisitely lighted vaulted bridges, watching men, not necessarily gay, stroll hand in hand, singing to each other and dancing beneath the arches, while families picnicked on the grass by the banks of the river and men and women passed a water pipe around. Though it cannot be much comfort to those who have to live, here and now, under public and private tyrannies, I came away from a night in Isfahan believing that Persian pleasure, in the long run, would outlast Shiite puritanism.
Like all revolutionary regimes, the Iranian state seems to have reproduced the ugliness of the regime it overthrew. The shah had a secret police — Savak — and the mullahs have one, too. One day in Tehran , on a street corner, I passed a small student demonstration linked to the elections and watched as a sweaty secret-police officer, with a gun in his waistband, tried to muscle a demonstrator away into a car. Other demonstrators started punching the officer, and he had to call for reinforcements. While he did so, the seized student wriggled free and disappeared into the crowd.
In a more genuinely fearful police state, he would have gone quietly. On the other hand, when this regime wants to crush the opposition, it does so with unflinching ruthlessness. Some religious minorities — like the Armenian Christians — are not persecuted, but others, like the Bahais — a schismatic sect of Islam — have been barred from the universities, and their leaders have been arrested, tortured and, in some cases, killed. Iranian human rights lawyers told me that they defend as many political prisoners as they can, but there are hundreds more held incommunicado. Some go into the prisons and never emerge alive. In June 2003, Zahra Kazemi, an Iranian holding a Canadian passport, was taking photographs outside the notorious Evin prison in Tehran when she was arrested and dragged inside. Three weeks later, the authorities announced that she had died under interrogation, and soon after that, evidence came out indicating that she had been tortured and raped. The Canadian government is demanding that those responsible be punished or dismissed, but a case in an Iranian court seems to be going nowhere.
Shirin Ebadi, the lawyer handling the Kazemi case and the regime's most visible opponent, is a heroic figure, a physically tiny dynamo, bursting with scorn for the regime and quick to shed her hijab in private houses as a sign of her independence. She walks a careful line, distancing herself from the Bush administration's criticism of the presidential elections, but remaining equally dismissive of the regime's claims that its guided democracy remains a democracy nonetheless. Having done time for political offenses herself, she knows the insides of the prisons where her clients now languish. The outgoing president, the supposed reformer Khatami, notably failed to lend Ebadi political cover and support when she came back from Oslo with the Nobel Peace Prize, the first ever Nobel given to an Iranian. When I asked her whether the prize and the recognition it brought protect her, she replied with a quizzical arch of an eyebrow: ''No, the Nobel does not protect me at all.''
At Shahid Beheshti University, I gave a seminar on human rights to a class composed mostly of young women in full-length black robes and head coverings. When I went up to shake their hands before the session started, they pulled their hands away. Such contact between the sexes is frowned upon. But in class, they were anything but docile. In often fluent English, they asked what I thought about Islamic Shariah law and its punishments, which can include stoning women to death for adultery. The challenge, I argued, is not understanding why these are wrong but prevailing politically against the religious authorities who believe that their own power depends on enforcing these penalties. The students replied that they needed help from Western intellectuals like me to get rid of Islamic punishments. I replied that while outside pressure can help, Western human rights advocacy can often have counterproductive results. In Nigeria, for example, an international letter-writing campaign organized by human rights advocates did not persuade an Islamic governor in northern Nigeria to halt the flogging of a teenage girl for having sex (she says she was raped) — and the campaign might even have persuaded him to proceed, if reports are to be believed. On the other hand, a group of female Islamic lawyers worked within the Shariah system to defend another Nigerian woman who had been sentenced to stoning for adultery, securing her acquittal on a technicality (which drew criticism from some Western human rights advocates).
The women in the class were not happy with my suggestion that they should reform Shariah from within. ''There should be one law for everybody, not two systems, one of Islamic law and the other of secular law,'' one student argued. I agree, I said, but it's not obvious how you are going to get there in Iran. The students found this too defeatist. ''We are very glad that you come to our class, professor,'' one said to me, ''but you are too nice to the Shariah law. It must be abolished. It cannot be changed.''
One professor observing these exchanges was a middle-aged man in the light brown robes and white turban that designate a religious scholar. Having listened carefully, with his long legs stretched out beneath the desk, he asked me — in fluent English — why I thought human rights were universal. I gave the answer I use in my class at Harvard — that if I were to go up to him, right now, and smack him across the face, anywhere in the world the act would count as an injustice and an insult. Human rights law codifies our agreement about stopping these intuitively obvious injustices.
But why, he pressed further, would an injustice against him also be perceived by me as an injustice? Because, I replied, human beings are not closed compartments. We can imagine what it would be like to be at the receiving end of the very blows we strike.
''You are an intuitionist,'' he said with a smile. I countered that the human capacity to understand the pain of others is a fact, not an intuition. ''But you need something stronger than this,'' he said. We continued for a while, agreeably disagreeing, but as he gathered up his papers to depart, he was smiling like someone who thought he had just won an argument. As far as he was concerned, beneath his belief in human rights lies the bedrock of the Koran, while beneath mine lies nothing but hopeful instincts.
One day, I paid a call on Saeed Semnanian, the chancellor of one of Tehran's most conservative universities. We sat in his spartan office, while female engineering students walked to and fro in the gardens outside his window. I began with compliments about the achievements of the revolution. Female literacy has risen to 70 percent (though male literacy is still higher, at 84 percent), while income per head has doubled since the end of the war with Iraq . But, I went on, everyone I talked to in Tehran told me the revolution has congealed into a corrupt, repressive system of privileges that exploits Islamic orthodoxy to remain in power.
''Whom do you talk to?'' he asked me with a level stare.
''Intellectuals, writers, journalists.''
''You are trying to take the temperature of the revolution, but all your thermometers are wrong,'' he responded.
All this complaining, he implied, is what you would expect from discontented liberals. The achievement that matters, he said, is that Iran is independent. In the presidential elections, all the candidates were pure Iranian. In the shah's time, nothing was pure Iranian. Everything was decided in the American or the British Embassy.
He seemed faintly amused by my failure to understand his country. For him, the history of Iran is the history of attempts to subvert its independence. As far as he is concerned, it might be yesterday, and not in 1953, that Kermit Roosevelt and the C.I.A. organized the coup that overthrew Mohammed Mossadegh, the prime minister who nationalized the Iranian oil fields. The seizure of the American Embassy and the hostage drama were, as Semnanian saw it, an exquisitely drawn out revenge for the C.I.A.-inspired coup, just as the regime's current drive for nuclear weapons is a search for an ultimate guarantee of its freedom from foreign interference.
Iranian democrats contend that if Iran were a democracy, its nuclear weapons would not threaten anyone. What makes Iranian weapons dangerous, they argue, is that the regime is a theocracy with connections to Hamas and Hezbollah. A democratic Iran that broke with terrorism would be easier to live with, even if it possessed a nuclear bomb. As Shirin Ebadi told me, ''Who cares about France's force de frappe?''
American neoconservatives also tend to argue that democracy will make Iran peaceful and pro-American. This might be wishful thinking. Fear of encirclement by the United States means that the regime's drive for weapons has widespread popular support. If a genuine Iranian democracy were as nationalistic as most new democracies usually are, a democratic Iran might well remain a bellicose opponent of the United States and Israel.
In any event, America has almost no capacity to promote democracy inside Iran , and some capacity to do harm to Iranian democrats. Every Iranian I met wanted to spend time in the United States — and wished there were more scholarships to take them to America — but nearly every one of them laughed when I mentioned the recent Congressional appropriation of $3 million to support democratic opposition groups inside and outside the country. Iranian democrats look on American good intentions with incredulity. It would be fatal for any of them to accept American dollars. ''Do they want to get us all arrested as spies?'' one said to me.
Hence the paradox: the Middle Eastern Muslim society with the most pro-American democrats will strenuously resist any American attempt to promote democracy inside it. It is easy to understand why. ''We fought for our independence,'' Semnanian told me. ''You think when our people fought to drive out the invaders from Iraq for seven years, we were fighting only Saddam? We were fighting the U.S.A. , Britain, the whole world. We saved our country. And now we are free.''
The night before I left Tehran, I had a private conversation about Ahmadinejad's political program with one of the new president's advisers, A. Asgarkhani, a genial, long-haired professor in his 60's. When Asgarkhani, who holds a Western doctorate, first began predicting victory for his candidate a month ago, nobody believed him. Even a week before the runoff, nobody took him seriously. Now it had happened.
The good thing about Ahmadinejad's victory, Asgarkhani said, is that it will end the paralysis of the regime, the division between the reformers and the religious guardians who control the political system. All power will finally be in one set of hands. So the president can do something.
But won't that be bad for human rights? I asked.
Maybe at first, he replied, but then Ahmadinejad will bring human rights and democracy — here he gestured with his hands — ''from the top down.''
And how is Ahmadinejad going to change the economy? ''If he listens to me,'' Asgarkhani said, ''he is going to go with 'techno-nationalism.' ''
Techno-nationalism, import substitution, new growth theory — all the catch phrases of Western development economics tumbled out of Asgarkhani's mouth, but they still sounded like the Islamic Marxism that has passed for economic theory in Iran since the revolution: don't depend on foreigners; keep the economy in state hands, otherwise foreign capitalists will get control of it; restrain the financial sector, because a free financial sector will cause the economy to melt down.
With oil at about $60 a barrel as I write, there is little likelihood that the regime will be forced to open up and reform the economy. But unless it does, there won't be much democracy or progress for the poor. One human rights truth, universally acknowledged, is that oil is an obstacle to democracy in every developing society. When a government can get what it needs out of oil derricks and ceases to derive its revenue from taxes, it loses any incentive to respond to the people. Theocracy in Iran is built on oil and will endure as long as the oil price holds up.
One young female Iranian economics major had told me wearily that she wondered why she bothered to study macroeconomics at all, since, in Iran , all economic decisions are made politically. The incoming president has promised the desperately poor the better life the revolution was supposed to deliver. What happens if all that the poor get are programs and policies like Asgarkhani's voodoo economics? Then all that will be left is the iron fist.
When I said this to another young Iranian woman and told her that when Ahmadinejad fails the poor, the only recourse left will be further repression, she said, determinedly: ''No, he cannot turn back the clock. He cannot send us backward.'' I hoped she was right, but I noticed that she made a small involuntary gesture. She pulled her hijab down and covered her hair entirely. For the first time, she looked uncertain and concerned.
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Personal loans may be easy to obtain for people with a secured job even if their credit is less than stellar. What if you are not currently employed and need instant funds to manage your finances? Typically, lenders are not willing to consider loan applications from unemployed borrowers. But there may be some way around to attract the attention of a lender.
Are you an unemployed student?
Providers of student loans, typically, do not require borrowers to be working and earning. While the government-sponsored loans are almost guaranteed and come with low interest rates and flexible terms, they might not be sufficient for a college going student pursuing higher education. A private student loan, on the other hand, can prove costly because of higher interest rate and less flexible terms. Most of these student loan types allow payment deferment until you begin to earn on a regular basis.
Are you an unemployed veteran?
Many banks and financial institutions have put in place special loan products for unemployed veterans. Several government programs catering to the emergency financial needs of veterans also exist. You may take advantage of these programs if you meet the qualification standards.
Are you an unemployed mother?
Special loan programs for unemployed single parents are not uncommon, but they generally lack the flexibility of a typical personal loan. You need to have a good credit and a good relation with your bank. Small dollar loans, usually between $2,000 and $5,000, may be easy to qualify and get approved.
Are you an unemployed person with a very good credit?
The key to getting approved for a personal loan, quick and fast, is exceptional credit. There are many lenders who may be just satisfied with your credit score and never ask about whether you are employed or not.
What if you are an unemployed person with a bad credit?
Frankly speaking, there are not too many options if you are unemployed with a credit score below 580. You may try an alternative to personal loan, such as the following, or check eligibility at certain online lenders and bad credit lenders.
- Use the overdraft facility: Though it may be costly, it can help you in times of need. You can use the overdraft facility of your bank to get extra funds at a fee.
- Put collateral for secured loans: If you have something of value to put as collateral, you may be able to apply for a secured personal loan and get approved for it quite quickly.
- Borrow against saved fund: If you don’t have something of value, but have deposits or cash reserves that can’t be easily liquidated, you may be able to borrow against the same.
- Improve your credit score first: If you can defer the need of an immediate loan, you may be able to work towards an improvement of your credit score. You can then apply for a unsecured personal loan at low rate.
- Try a part-time job: To meet your emergency financial needs, you may try a part-time job. This will definitely be a better thing than a personal loan.
- Apply at certain lenders: Certain types of lenders, such as peer-to-peer lenders and online lenders and bad credit lenders might accept your loan application, although with some unpleasant conditions. Try applying at LendUp, Rise, Vouch, NetCredit and Peerform.
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Electroding Methods for in situ Reverse Osmosis Sensors
MetadataShow full item record
The purpose of this work is to develop and evaluate electroding methods for a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane that results in an in situ sensor able to detect RO membrane protein fouling. Four electroding techniques were explored: i) gold exchange-reduction, ii) encapsulated carbon grease, iii) â direct assembly processâ (DAP), and iv) platinized polymer graft. The novel platinized polymer graft method involves chemically modifying the RO membrane surface to facilitate platinization based on the hypothesis that deposition of foulant on the platinized surface will affect platinum/foulant/solution interfacial regions, thus sensor impedance. Platinized polymer graft sensors were shown to be sensitive to protein fouling. Electrodes were characterized by their electrical properties, SEM and XPS. Assembled sensors were evaluated for sensitivity to electrolyte concentration and protein fouling. Micrographs showed coating layers and pre-soak solution influence gold exchange-reduction electrode formation. High surface resistance makes gold exchange-reduction an unsuitable method. Concentration sensitivity experiments showed carbon grease and DAP electroding methods produce unusable sensors. Carbon grease sensors have time-dependent impedance response due to electrolyte diffusion within the micro-porous polysulfone support. DAP electroded sensors proved quite fragile upon hydration; their impedance response is transient and lacks predictable trends with changes in concentration. A parametric study of the platinized polymer graft method shows amount of grafted monomer correlates to grafting time, and deposited platinum is a function of exchange-reduction repetitions and amount of grafted monomer. Platinized polymer graft sensors were fouled in both dead-end and cross-flow RO systems, and their impedance trends, while varying between sensors, indicate protein-fouling sensitivity.
- Masters Theses
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https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/31207
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Myanmar’s Internet becomes more expensive for dissidents, apolitical alike | Internet News
Yangon, Burma – When Lily moved to her hometown in Shan State in Myanmar after last year’s coup, the consultant was able to continue working thanks to cheap and reliable internet access.
These days, Lily struggles to stay online during the workday, which often includes at least two hours of virtual meetings, due to skyrocketing costs on all mobile carriers.
Following a series of orders from the ruling military council, mobile data prices have doubled in the past two months. Like most of Myanmar outside of major cities, the Lily region has only patchy access to fixed internet.
“Rising internet prices are having a huge impact on everyday working life,” Lily, who asked to use a pseudonym to avoid state retaliation, told Al Jazeera. “Not only are internet prices skyrocketing, but internet connections are also slowing down.”
For many people in Myanmar, the digital landscape is becoming increasingly barren.
Many civil society observers see the price hikes as a pretext to curb organizing real-world dissent against the military government, which seized power from the democratically elected administration of Aung San Suu Kyi on 1 February 2021.
Citizens who had come to rely on their country’s increasingly accessible internet are now struggling to adapt to new and rapidly rising cost barriers in the digital space.
In December, Myanmar’s telecommunications regulator ordered providers to raise the prices of mobile data plans, which most people rely on, citing the need to bring prices in line with those of other countries and to reduce harmful use of the Internet.
The country’s major providers – Telenor Myanmar, Ooredoo Myanmar, MPT and the military-backed Mytel – are now selling about 1 gigabyte (GB) of data for 1,799-1,999 kyats ($1), up from 935-999 kyats ( $0.50) previously, according to digital rights group AccessNow.
In January, the military government announced that it would triple the corporate tax rate for mobile and fixed internet providers to 15%, putting further pressure on telecoms to raise prices.
Authorities also ordered sellers to collect a one-time “activation fee” of 20,000 kyats ($11) for each new SIM card sold, in addition to the price of the card itself.
Against the backdrop of these cost barriers, the government has renewed efforts to pass a cybersecurity law that, among other things, criminalizes the use of VPNs, which are commonly used to circumvent a long blacklist of websites, including popular social media platforms such as Facebook.
While the legislation has yet to come into effect, the military has already started enforcing some of its provisions, such as preventing people on the streets from looking for VPNs on their phones.
Wai Phyo Myint, Myanmar’s AccessNow representative, told Al Jazeera that rising mobile data prices and anxiety over cybersecurity law will drive people off the internet, regardless of their political leanings.
“We see this deliberate attempt to ensure that this mobile data is not affordable and the internet is not available to the majority of people who depend on this connection,” Wai Phyo said.
Prior to the coup, Myanmar’s telecommunications industry was growing at a rapid pace, driven by voracious demand for mobile data. Speaking at a media event in 2018, Telenor Myanmar CEO Lars Erik Tellmann reported that customers were using an average of 5.6 GB of data each month, while predicting that usage would increase significantly by by 2022 due to the “increasing thirst for mobile data” among the Burmese public.
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which pushed much of daily life online, likely accelerated this demand.
“During the Covid situation, we need the internet more than ever,” Wai Phyo said.
“There are children going to school online, people getting medical services online. The actions of the military were therefore quite crucial. They try to reduce the basic needs of the people in an attempt to stop the revolution, but at the same time it affects many people who are not in the revolution.
The near collapse of Myanmar’s economy after the coup – which the International Labor Organization estimates cut about 1.6 million jobs last year – has already weighed on household budgets. The general nature of the government’s measures ensures that many households are affected, whether or not they are involved in the ongoing civil disobedience movement in the country against the army.
Vicky Bowman, a long-time resident of Myanmar and director of the Yangon-based Myanmar Center for Responsible Business, told Al Jazeera that price hikes would weigh more heavily on low-income families.
“The economic downturn means some people are resorting to pawning or selling their cellphones to buy food,” Bowman said, citing local surveys of garment workers that highlighted this trend. “There’s the opportunity cost of owning a phone when you need to eat, combined with the declining affordability of data. This will inevitably lead to reduced use.
One of the first actions of the military after taking power was to tighten their grip on the digital world, in particular through internet shutdowns.
Although the government has eased regular internet shutdowns in Yangon, other parts of Myanmar, particularly Karenni State, continue to experience persistent disruptions in access.
In a report released last month, digital rights group Top10VPN estimated that the Myanmar government cost the economy $2.8 billion due to internet shutdowns in 2021.
As the economic pain is felt by households across the country, the military government itself is also feeling the bite.
Jack Myint, senior country director for Myanmar at the US-ASEAN Business Council, told Al Jazeera that the military likely saw increased taxation on the telecom sector as a way to both achieve its goals of security and to raise much-needed funds.
“The junta must increase its military and arms purchase spending to maintain the consistency and loyalty of its soldiers, whose morale is at an all-time low,” Myint said.
“It creates very real financial needs and a very clear reason why they are raising taxes on all fronts. It turns out that rambling on telecom carriers and SIM cards does the double duty of increasing its coffers while limiting public use of the internet, which is the primary forum for dissent.
Kay Mile, who wrote under a pseudonym, contributed to this report.
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Date of Original Version
© ACM, 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published at http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/10.1145/2543920
Abstract or Description
Writing concurrent applications is extremely challenging, not only in terms of producing bug-free and maintainable software, but also for enabling developer productivity. In this article we present the Æminium concurrent-by-default programming language. Using Æminium programmers express data dependencies rather than control flow between instructions. Dependencies are expressed using permissions, which are used by the type system to automatically parallelize the application. The Æminium approach provides a modular and composable mechanism for writing concurrent applications, preventing data races in a provable way. This allows programmers to shift their attention from low-level, error-prone reasoning about thread interleaving and synchronization to focus on the core functionality of their applications. We study the semantics of Æminium through μÆminium, a sound core calculus that leverages permission flow to enable concurrent-by-default execution. After discussing our prototype implementation we present several case studies of our system. Our case studies show up to 6.5X speedup on an eight-core machine when leveraging data group permissions to manage access to shared state, and more than 70% higher throughput in a Web server application.
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 36, 1, Article 2.
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Just Listen, ranks as the one of the very best audiobooks I've listened to because Mark Goulston describes the three areas of the brain in such a profound and educational way. Perhaps it has something to do with where I'm at in life, however, after all of the books I've listened to and read this one laid it out in such a "it all makes sense" manner. I was so intrigued by the audiobook that I purchased the hard copy!!
Many of the marketing books and courses I purchased didn't address methods of communication in this manner...
His voice was warm and a pleasure to listen to. His style was more conversational.
I was intrigued by each chapter...waiting/wanting for "what was next?"
Thank you Mark!
I enjoyed this book very much. It had many useful tips to becoming a better listener.
Also the audio book narrator has a smooth easy to listen to voice.
I listen to many audible books each week and this is one of the best for this topic
In fact, I have listen to it a couple times.
Dale Carnegie books
Awesome and interesting.
It made sense and I could relate it to everyday life.
Yes but it's best to do it over a few days.
Great book and well read. I'd happily recommend this one.
Easy to understand as well as implement!
Learning how the three brains work... or don't :)
Walter speaks as Mark Goulston believably.
HOW to listen in order to be heard.
The teaching is applies to everyone DAILY!
I ended up listening to this book twice end to end as some of the advice was so useful that I wanted to make sure I engrained it in my memory.
I'm surprised just how easy many of these techniques are, yet so seldom practiced by most people. That was eye opening.
Highly recommend this book. The only difficult part was that the middle of this book started talking about dealing with people who have mental disorders that most of us do not deal with on a day to day basis. That section of the book would have been more helpful if I was a mental health professional. However, I still strongly recommend this book to everyone.
The Truth shall Set Ye Free
If the author wasn't so stuck on himself and if he could be consistent in how he categorizes people. He can't write his way out of a wet paper sack, it doesn't matter that he has a medical degree and fancies himself to be a 'shrink'. He is NOT a good mentor. Waste of time.
The narrator was ... hmmm, he was an actor without a job. He was reading the book as though he were reading to a six year old at bedtime. Too slow, too 'emotive', but since he was reading tripe who can blame him, really? The narrator was a clear speaker, with an interesting voice, he just did not have anything worth reading. I would listen to another book he narrated, yes, but not by this author.
Just about everything. The author clearly was only advertising HIMSELF. He did not have a content editor, that was obvious to this longtime content editor. If you want to learn how to communicate with people that might be perceived as 'difficult' then buy Dale Carnegie's "How to Win Friends and Influence People". Although published in the 1930s the overall message of Mr. Carnegie's is truly 'timeless'. His message doesn't focus on Mr. Carnegie but on his AUDIENCE. I have listened to that book several times and it has greatly helped me improve my communication style and mentoring abilities. By the way, there are no 'difficult people', there are only lost and lonely souls trying to communicate with a world that is getting crazier and crazier. I didn't hear any acknowledgement of that from the author, who, as a shrink, SHOULD know that. Dale Carnegie is timeless. HE knew about people.
I don't think Audible should buy books for sound recording without actually READING them first, and clearly, no one read this book. People are far too busy to waste time listening to someone 'I I I' himself. Hey, we can all do that in front of our own mirrors, we don't need to pay to listen to someone else laud himself. (I don't care if you post this review or not, but I've been a professional 'behind the scenes' content editor and ghost writer since the age of 17 and that's 48 years now. This book was not worth the few bucks it cost. "Psychiatrist" indeed! Now I know why I never bothered with those people. P.S. I'm returning this book. P.P.S. The only reason I continued to listen to this book was that I listened to it on my walk today and today I did a 10-mile walk AND I have a new cellphone and only this one book downloaded onto it. Oh well.
I listen to it while working in the office. And i feel guided in a positive and more opening direction to deal with the in coming problems at work. I find myself being able to see more details touch more with people and having more patient and understanding. saying better thing connecting more with people. it's almost hypnotic. i love this book so much.
I think the most difficult but the most powerful one is to really hear where the conversation coming from from each ppl you encounter. The funny thing i noticed is my dialogue changed totally and ppl response new answers if not better than before! Suddenly i response with people in a whole new set of point of view that i don't normal come from. And it's new and it's fascinating. It's a whole new experience in the same old everyday life.
i really feel the power of communication now. i never really pay attention on it before. And i was never aware of how powerful it can be. It's almost like knowing how to feed other people's soul by being able to hear them and share where they are. It's a magical thing when communication really reached. to me it's a must have skill. This book is wonderful.
The author is a real expert and professional, some ideas are very interesting.
The author is selling too much himself and his book, he try to manipulate the listener to have a good review on Amazon, I am sure he didn't decide to do so, some other "marketing guru" may have convinced him to do so.I am sure he could have done a better book if not pressed by the need of selling at any cost.
First of all let me say I really liked the book.
The reason I don't give it a perfect score it's becasuse I was expecting the book to relate to more personal relations (spouse, kids, parents, friends, etc) Instead of professional relations (clients, managers, emploees, etc.)
I don't think the author had anything wrong, it was my expectation that was wrong...
If you struggle with influencing others this is the book for you.
This book is tactical. Mark gives you real stories about useful techniques and not fuzzy theories.
Walter is a good reader. He doesn't have distracting ticks and is pleasant to listen to. I will look for him in the future.
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Baptist Memorial Health Care Team Develops Elder Abuse Response Program
How Baptist Employees Work to Prevent Elder Abuse
Elder abuse, which includes physical, sexual, financial and psychological abuse, is more common than most people realize. Studies show 1 in 10 Americans 60 years old or older suffers abuse each year, and conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease increase their chances of becoming a victim.
To better identify and combat cases of elder abuse, Baptist Memorial Health Care employees developed an educational curriculum for medical professionals. Ferrell Moore, clinical resource nurse, and Laura Brown, licensed master social worker, launched a multidisciplinary training program focused on protecting older adults.
Finding a Greater Purpose
Ferrell Moore never anticipated she would create an elder abuse program. But in 2014, when the Baptist Memorial Health Care Foundation asked her to help bring a 200-page grant proposal to life, she signed on to the project.
“They asked if I wanted to work on an elder abuse project,” said Moore. “I thought it would be a trifold poster or something visual to hang in a break room. When I received the grant proposal, I realized this was a huge initiative with a far-reaching impact.”
The proposal called for a curriculum covering the basics of elder abuse, including Tennessee state law and best practices in forensics, medicine, risk management and law enforcement. As a first step, Moore and coworker Laura Brown joined forces with the Coordinated Response to Elder Abuse.
“I went to the first CREA meeting and walked into a room full of people from all walks of life—social workers, police officers, the Plough Foundation—it was a comfortable, loving environment with people passionate about preventing elder abuse,” said Moore. “I knew I was committed to this project.”
Caring for an Aging, Vulnerable Population
Elder abuse prevention typically focuses on adults 60 years old or older who have experienced financial, physical, emotional or sexual abuse at the hands of a family member or caregiver. In some instances, older adults who experience mistreatment also report self-neglect. This curriculum trains medical staff to identify, assess and respond to abuse allegations and warning signs.
“The program is designed specifically for emergency room settings,” said Moore. “However, it is adaptable for clinical settings, the Memphis Fire Department and in-patient hospital settings. Because each entity has different policies and procedures, the final portion of the curriculum is customizable.”
According to Moore, the curriculum trains Baptist Memorial Hospital emergency department staff how to recognize and respond to situations that require safety and justice for elders.
“At Baptist, we make sure patients receive private, one-on-one assessments with medical staff,” said Moore. “If an elder alleges abuse or shows symptoms of abuse, medical professionals notify nurses, social workers and the CREA group, who provide the patient with resources or a safe place to stay until the perpetrator is out of the home.”
Expanding Elder Justice at Home and Nationwide
Since the project began in 2014, it has played an essential role in helping Baptist medical professionals intervene in elder mistreatment. The project increased awareness and knowledge at Baptist, and it helped influence core policies and practices. Moore believes the curriculum can make a difference for other local hospitals, too.
“Right now, with the help of the Plough Foundation, we’re working on an initiative that would leverage our curriculum to unite and train area hospital leads in elder abuse response and prevention,” said Moore. “It’s called the Shelby County Curriculum Committee. We invite area hospital leaders to embrace the trainings and help us branch out into the community.”
Moore and Brown aren’t stopping with the Mid-South. They have traveled the country, attended conferences and received several notable awards for the curriculum.
“We’ve been to Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington and California,” said Moore. “What started as two Baptist employees and a grant proposal has grown into a multistate initiative. Our next step will involve working to develop a standardized model that takes this curriculum nationwide.”
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Lincoln railroad car became historical ‘sleeper’
April 20, 1995
By Pamela Cressey
The northeast portion of the United States Military Railroad complex, at South Alfred and Duke streets. A railroad car intended for the use of President Abraham Lincoln was built here between 1863 and 1865. Drawing courtesy Alexandria Archaeology
April 14,1865, was Good Friday in Washington, D.C., and the Lincolns planned to attend Ford’s Theater on 10th Street. Although the president did not want to attend the theatre that night, he said to his wife on the way, “I have never felt so happy in my life.” Soon after, people were shouting in the streets, “Abraham Lincoln has been shot!”
This sounds like a Washington, D.C., story that has nothing to do with Alexandria. But the assassination of Lincoln propelled an Alexandria artifact into history and eventual obscurity. Over the next few weeks, I will reveal the manufacture, uses and destruction of an object once associated with Alexandria. But first we must go back in time to a bit before the assassination. During Alexandria’s occupation by Union forces in the Civil War, the United States Military Railroad (USMRR) operated the Orange and Alexandria Railroad roundhouse complex near Duke and South Patrick streets. The rail yards were surrounded by a stockade erected in the early years of the war. The USMRR also constructed numerous buildings to build and maintain rail cars delivering supplies for Union military campaigns in the South. The staff also designed and built bridges, trestles and modular housing, and, according to the soon-to-be-published article of Slusser’s in Alexandria Chronicles, the publication of the Alexandria Historical Society, “invented tools for ripping up and bending rails and devices for straightening bent rails.”
Of all the interesting items designed and made in the USMRR rail shops, one stands out: Between November 1863 and February 1865, a rail car was constructed here for the use of President Lincoln. It was, Slusser says, the “only railroad coach ever built by the United States Government for the use of a president in his executive duties.”
Mr. Slusser has discovered that there are virtually no government records that document the request order, supply vouchers, construction plans or financing of the car, or even its furnishing. He has undertaken personal communication with dozens of people across the country to piece together the story of President Lincoln’s railroad car.
Although Mr. Slusser’s research provides a full chronicle of the car, he concludes: “This elusiveness of firm information about the birth of the car continues to cloud information about almost every aspect of its ensuing life.”
Follow the stories of the USMRR complex and the Lincoln railroad car over the next few weeks in “Alexandria Artifacts.”
Pamela Cressey is the Alexandria city archaeologist.
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Literary nonfiction, also called creative nonfiction, is an umbrella term that includes all writing that is based on reality and has been written with specific attention to the craft of writing, using literary techniques to talk about subjects that are not made up. Potentially any kind of nonfiction can be literary nonfiction, except, perhaps, technical and academic writing whose subjects and purpose demand precision and unambiguity. Ace Creative Nonfiction puts it, literary or creative nonfiction is simply true stories, well told.
Fiction and nonfiction have always shared techniques and approaches. Many novelists do extensive research to recreate a place or a time in the pages of their novels, and this enables them to create intricately detailed scenes, which help draw the reader in. Even speculative fiction narratives that operate in their own worlds conceived by the writers’ imagination often draw from the real world, and from the works of writers before them. Similarly, a mere recitation of dry facts do not make for compelling or convincing reading, and all influential works of nonfiction are characterized by a mastery of the craft and excellence in style. It is, then, a little unfair to define literary nonfiction as nonfiction that borrows elements of style and narration from fiction—since writers of nonfiction have skillfully wielded these tools in their work in all of literary history.
Literary Nonfiction: the Question of Ethics and the Line Between Fact and Fiction
Even though literary or creative nonfiction has been around for a long time, the relatively recent nomenclature and its establishment as a broad genre receiving wider readership has people questioning the property of using creativity in the presentation of facts. Can a text that creates or manipulates facts pass off as creative nonfiction?
In a 1987 article, Eric Heyne, following a distinction between fictional and factual narratives originally proposed by John Searle, breaks down the determination of the factual nature of a text into two parts. The first is factual status — whether the writer intends their work to be perceived as factual. The second is factual adequacy — how true the facts that the writer proposes are. In other words, the intention of the author is what determines whether or not a text will be read as nonfiction. On the other hand, for a text, literary or not, to be factually adequate, or good nonfiction, its factual correctness has to pass the scrutiny of its readers.
The scope for creativity in nonfiction is vast in style, structure, and narrative, but writers of good creative nonfiction cannot create facts or use their craft to deceive readers or manipulate the truth. The contract between the writer and the reader should be explicit — the narrative should allow the reader to distinguish between creative maneuvers by the author and objective truths. Literary nonfiction often involves more in-depth research, for the literary narrative has to be detailed to be compelling, and at the same time factually correct.
Types of Literary Nonfiction
Almost any subject under the sun can be approached with a creative, refreshing take and with the right arsenal of literary tools by the right person. Understandably, literary nonfiction comes in many forms. It can be personal, like memoirs, autobiography, or personal essays. It can be topical, like history, science writing, and nature writing. Here are some popular sub-genres of literary nonfiction, with reading recommendations for each.
The lyrical memoir is probably the flag bearer of the genre at the moment, with its seamless blending of personal stories with larger themes that resonate with readers, as well as poetic, engrossing narratives. Unlike autobiography, in which the author talks about her whole life, memoirs have a specific focus. Following are two examples, and you can find more here.
I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou
Maya Angelou’s beautiful coming-of-age memoir is a classic of the sub-genre. This beautiful book about a young girl overcoming trauma inflicted on her by an oppressive racist society does not shy away from discussing intimate personal details, and does so with stunningly poetic prose.
H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald
There are three threads in this book—the author’s grief at the sudden death of her father, her experience training a goshawk she adopted shortly after her father’s death, and the writer TH White, who shared the author’s interest in falconry. These threads are artfully woven together in a moving memoir that is also great nature writing.
In personal essays, a writer might explore a variety of subjects through a subjective, personal stand point. The are often anchored by a personal event that impacted the writer’s life or world view in a major way. Personal essay collections are a great point of entry into the genre, with their shorter format and specific narrative threads that hold the reader’s interest. Here are a couple to get you started.
Notes of a Native Son by James Baldwin
A classic of American literature, Notes of a Native Son is a collection of ten essays that established James Baldwin as a leading literary voice. The essays cover a variety of topics, ranging from literary criticism, life in Harlem to lives of black people outside America, informed by Baldwin’s experiences of him as an African American at the dawn of the Civil Rights Movement.
Slouching Towards Bethlehem by Joan Didion
This collection of essays is a classic of the genre, and a portrait of America, especially California, in the 1960s. Joan Didion is one of the most prominent authors of literary nonfiction, and two of her more recent works by her, The Year of Magical Thinking and blue nightsare powerful explorations of grief.
Want more? Here is a list of 50 must-read contemporary essay collections.
Creative, literary treatment of scientific subjects make them accessible to lay-readers, and there are many authors today who write on a wide variety of scientific topics in engaging prose. My personal favorite are science history books, which not only break down complex scientific concepts, but also provide an account of the path through which humans arrived at this knowledge, a journey which is often as nail-biting as thrillers.
The Gene: An Intimate History by Siddhartha Mukherjee
This is a superbly written book about the science and the history of genetics. Told with enormous empathy and backed by thorough research and expertise, the story of the discovery of the code that governs our lives is one of the most interesting stories I have ever read. Mukherjee’s Pulitzer prize winning history of cancer, The Emperor of all Maladiesis equally brilliant.
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
Silent Spring is credited with having launched the modern environmental movement. Centered around the adverse effects of the indiscriminate use of pesticides, this book was a timely warning against human arrogance about the ability to exploit the natural world. The far-reaching and long-lasting impact of Silent Spring is a testimony to the power of Carson’s writing.
You can find more recommendations here.
Narrative journalism is reportage that uses techniques of storytelling to construct a gripping, but factual narrative. Through the use of literary techniques, narrative journalism often manages to have greater sway over the opinions of readers, and authors of this genre have sometimes successfully drawn public attention to injustices and catalyzed change.
Ten Days in a Mad-House by Nellie Bly
In 1887, Nellie Bly went undercover in one of New York City’s asylums to report first hand on the lives of its inhabitants. The horrors she bore witness to are the subject of this book, which is a precursor of both the stunt memoir and narrative journalism genres. Bly’s reportage of her shocked the public and eventually led to increased budget allocations for the asylum.
Hiroshima by John Hersey
John Hersey’s Hiroshima is one of the earliest examples of narrative journalism that helped usher in the age of New Journalism, as it was called then. Hersey interviewed six survivors of the nuclear attack, and these accounts opened the eyes of the American public to the enormous scale of the devastation that had been wreaked by the bombing and made them question the morality of nuclear warfare.
Here are some more examples of narrative journalism.
History is overflowing with important and exciting true stories waiting to be told. Any well-written historical narrative can potentially read like a novel. Another genre that is a personal favorite, it is replete with gems that blend extensive research with skillful prose.
Figuring by Maria Popova
This book is written by Maria Popova, whose blog, Brain Pickings, is a great source for your daily dose of literary nonfiction. It is an ode to the never ending human search for meaning, through a narrative that blends together the lives of several artists, writers, scientists and visionaries, including Johannes Kepler, Maria Mitchell, Margaret Fuller, Emily Dickinson, and Rachel Carson, among others. .
The Black Count by Tom Reiss
The Black Count is the true story of the man who inspired classics like The Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers. General Alex Dumas, father of Alexander Dumas, was the son of a formerly enslaved person who rose through the ranks of the French Army. This true story of his life is an engaging tale of adventure in a multi-racial society.
I stumbled across this beautiful term in an essay in Creative Nonfiction, and it neatly fits two of the best nonfiction books I read recently. In the essay, Patrick Madden, author of daily, a collection of essays inspired by the commonplace, talks about the pleasures of slowing down to meditate on the ordinary components of everyday life. Another relatively recent and well known example of this category is Ross Gay’s uplifting Book of Delights. Indeed, there is something refreshingly calming to read about the quotidian, and the languorous, reflective tone of such books can accommodate exquisitely elegant prose.
The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating by Elisabeth Tova Bailey
When Elisabeth Tova Bailey was struck by a mysterious illness that confined her to the bed, she found company in a common woodland snail that was left in a pot of violets in her sick room by her friend. This book is a beautiful tale of resilience told through the mundane occurrences in the lives of the snail and its human observer.
How I Became A Tree by Sumana Roy
In this gorgeous book, Sumana Roy muses about the lives of trees, and what it would mean to live like one. She talks about tiny details from the natural world at length, putting into perspective our own cluttered existence within it.
The books and sub-genres discussed in this article are a very small fraction of what literary nonfiction has to offer, but I hope it will serve as a good introduction — especially if you are primarily a reader of fiction who is trying to get into nonfiction . Once you are through with this list, we have more books that you can read here and here.
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- Insurance policies take at least 30 days to take effect.
- Landslides and earth movements not covered under flood insurance.
- Flood insurance premiums average $700 per year.
A number of California homeowners have taken the threats of El Niño-fueled storms seriously and recently purchased flood insurance. The National Flood Insurance Program is helping to take some of the pressure off homeowners.
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 20,903 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policies were written in the state during November. NFIP is a federal program that offers flood insurance that’s purchased through private property and casualty insurance agents.
For comparison, between August 31 and October 31, 2015, FEMA stated that 7,181 new federal flood insurance policies were written. Together, 28,084 policies were purchased spanning late August to late November.
California homeowners now just considering the purchase of flood insurance may be too late, as policies generally take 30 days to go into effect.
Advising homebuyers to purchase flood insurance
For buyers’ agents, advising clients to purchase flood insurance at the time of a purchase is recommended by FloodSmart, as nearly 25 percent of all flood insurance claims stem from medium- or low-risk flood areas.
Buyers of homes in designated Special Flood Hazard Areas (high risk) are required by law to buy flood insurance as a condition for receiving a federally-backed loan.
NFIP policies provide coverage for buildings and contents, but not for personal property. Additionally, damages from landslides and other earth movements are not covered under flood insurance.
In 2014, the average flood insurance policy premium was roughly $700 per year, according to FloodSmart, which also states that from 2010 to 2014 the average residential flood claim was more than $39,000.
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Papageorgiou, Costas and Wells, A. (2003) An empirical test of a clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27 (3). pp. 261-273. ISSN 0147-5916Full text not available from this repository.
Rumination has attracted increasing theoretical and empirical interest in the past 15 years. Previous research has demonstrated significant relationships between rumination, depression, and metacognition. Two studies were conducted to further investigate these relationships and test the fit of a clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression in samples of both depressed and nondepressed participants. In these studies, we collected cross-sectional data of rumination, depression, and metacognition. The relationships among variables were examined by testing the fit of structural equation models. In the study on depressed participants, a good model fit was obtained consistent with predictions. There were similarities and differences between the depressed and nondepressed samples in terms of relationships among metacognition, rumination, and depression. In each case, theoretically consistent paths between positive metacognitive beliefs, rumination, negative metacognitive beliefs, and depression were evident. The conceptual and clinical implications of these data are discussed.
|Journal or Publication Title:||Cognitive Therapy and Research|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||depression - rumination - metacognition - cognitive processes|
|Subjects:||R Medicine > R Medicine (General)|
|Departments:||Faculty of Science and Technology > Psychology|
|Deposited By:||Mr Richard Ingham|
|Deposited On:||16 Sep 2008 14:05|
|Last Modified:||16 Jan 2017 01:10|
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Trencrom Hill (or Trecrobben) is a prominent hill fort, owned by the National Trust, near Lelant, Cornwall. It is crowned by an univallate Neolithic tor enclosure and was re-used as a hillfort in the Iron Age. Cairns or hut circles can be seen in the level area enclosed by the stone and earth banks. The hill overlooks the Hayle Estuary and river, and Mount's Bay and St. Michael's Mount can be seen to the south. The hill was recorded as Torcrobm in 1758 which is derived from Cornish "torr crobm", i.e. 'hunched bulge'.
Trink lies one kilometre to the north west.
Trencrom Hill was acquired by the National Trust as freehold on 8 August 1946 from Lieutenant Colonel G L Tyringham. The freehold was 25.568 hectares (63.18 acres).
Plaque on Hill
On ascending the hill from the North side there is a plaque in situ in the rock facing the path. It reads:
"This property was presented to the National Trust by Lt Col C L Tyringham, of Trevethoe in March 1946 & at his wish is to be regarded as a memorial to the men and women of Cornwall, who gave their lives in the service of their country during the two world wars. 1914 – 1918, 1939 – 1945"
Trencrom Hill Well
This is possibly a well constructed to service the inhabitants of the camp.
- Dudley, P. (2008) Archaeology of the Moors, Downs and Heaths. Truro: Historic Environment Service, Cornwall County Council.
- Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203 Land's End ISBN 978-0-319-23148-7
- Weatherhill, Craig (2009). A Concise Dictionary of Cornish Place-Names. Westport, Co. Mayo: Evertype. ISBN 9781904808220; p. 7
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As we all know, a battle with the new COVID-19 strain is still ON, it becomes really important for you to know how to boost your immune system.
But First, Let’s understand what immunity is.
What is Immunity?
Consider your immune system as a complex defense mechanism working to defend your body against any foreign microorganism.
Furthermore, outside bacteria, viruses and germs can cause harm to your body. And, a strong immune system, like an Army, can save you to keep you going.
If your immunity is weak, you’ll become more prone to outside infections and illness. An improved immunity works best for the proper functioning of all your body organs.
In fact, let’s take an example of the people with coronavirus.
Many times, you probably hear about the person having a covid infection without any symptoms. That means, our body’s immune system has the ability to fight the virus.
How to boost your immune system?
Now, as we know the importance of a strong immune system, the point is how to boost immunity?
With some basic lifestyle changes, we can improve immunity not just for the Coronavirus phase but for a lifetime.
Let’s explore the 7 tips we listed at Freaky Thoughts on how to boost your immunity:
- Sleep well
Though our hectic lifestyle forces us to sleep less and work more, I would suggest you sleep well as this is the one thing how you can boost your immunity.
Because, sleep is the time when your body gets recharged and reboots, just like your computer, and even heals itself.
Lack of sleep, on the other hand, can affect your immune system and you become more likely to catch an infection.
Therefore, you must get an adequate amount of sleep, recommended for 7-8 hours.
Not just that, be regular on what time you go to the bed and wake up. This is super essential to regulate your sleep patterns.
Some people also develop sleep disorders due to inappropriate sleep patterns every day. So stick to your sleep-wake cycle!
- Do moderate exercise
There are a number of reasons why you should exercise everyday, but the one we need here is to increase immunity.
This is because, indulging in physical activity by anyway, exercise, yoga, or aerobic, your immune system works just perfectly.
See how exercise and immunity are related to each other.
Moreover, exercise tends to lose weight, lowers blood pressure, reduces the risk of many chronic diseases.
Also, being physically active has plenty of mental health benefits like alleviating stress, depression, and anxiety by releasing endorphins, the happy hormones.
However, make sure you’ll not get engaged in an intense workout because that can suppress your immune system.
Go for moderate workouts like walking, jogging, meditation, yoga r swimming.
If you’re not a regular exerciser, here’s how you can make exercise a habit!
- Eat immunity-boosting food
While eating healthy is a key to remain healthy inside, some immunity-boosting food can do the addition to how to boost your immunity.
Your health is a replica of what you eat. And, a proper balance of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidants is important to keep infections at the bay.
Hence, consume the fruits like orange, kiwi, apple, and strawberries, and green vegetables like broccoli, spinach, carrots and bell peppers.
Additionally, spices like ginger, garlic, cloves, black peppers, turmeric, cardamom, and cinnamon act as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory.
By all of this, I just want to say, “Eat the rainbow”. Include all the healthy things in your daily diet and stay away from any processed foods.
When it comes to healthy immunity, keep an eye on your food intake. Always make healthy choices.
- Stay hydrated
We all know the benefits of drinking water. Not only water is a vital fluid we drink to stay hydrated but also necessary for a strong immune system.
The fact is, dehydration slows down the circulation of infection-fighting immune cells, resulting in a weak immune system.
Additionally, dehydration also affects your digestion, mood, and kidney. Also, you tend to lose more water through exercising, any physical activity, or even urine.
So, it’s important to stay hydrated by drinking sufficient water. If you’re not sure of the water amount, here is how much water you should drink a day.
- Quit bad habits
Do you smoke? Do you drink alcohol? Please quit them immediately.
Smoking literally affects your lungs tissues and damages the antibodies we developed in our body through our immune system.
Those who smoke are more vulnerable to respiratory infections. If you drink alcohol, make sure you don’t overdo it.
When you drink high amounts of alcohol, you’re putting your immune system at risk since your body gets busy in detoxification.
Furthermore, more alcohol can weaken your body’s ability to fight infection and slow the recovery time too.
So, if possible don’t even drink. But if not, one drink per day is enough that too not before sleep as it can disrupt your sleep.
- Find your happiness
As we all have to stay in our homes due to COVID-19, it is possible for many of us to get tense, anxious, and depressed. But, stress or depression further affects our immune system.
Stress or any related condition can take away your immunity power to protect you from outside attack.
So, how to boost your immunity in such a distressing time? Simply, Do what makes you happy. Find the source of your own happiness.
For example, if I talk about myself then I love cooking, watching fun things, and sitting in nature with a cup of coffee.
Maybe you like to read books, swim or even play with your lovely pet! Look for the spring of your autumn:-)
- Be positive
Lastly, be positive to improve your immune system. Practice positive affirmations and say positive things to yourself every day.
Yes, time sometimes really brings harshness to life, but staying positive can really save your inner soul from getting affected by it.
Stop overthinking. It is not going to help you to sort out the situation. In fact, it will make you feel low and put you in a more tense mental state.
Always, start your morning with positive thoughts. Be grateful for everything you have in life. Whether be it’s family, friends, or anything.
Gratitude can make tremendous changes to your life, including releasing negative emotions, improving self-esteem and most importantly, great health.
What i believe: “There is always one good thing that lies in all bad things. We just need those eyes to find it!”.
Freaky Thought’s upshot
Integrating healthy habits, physically as well as mentally can really help to boost the immune system.
Maintain hygiene by washing your hands before eating or while coming from outside. This will not let any bacteria or virus in the body to weaken your immunity.
These tips are tiny yet powerful to increase your immunity. So make sure you treat your immune system right and never regret it!
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STEVEN GREEN’s Inventing a Christian America is his analysis of the religious background to life in the United States. The idea that the US was founded as a Christian nation is, he argues, a myth that needs challenging. Although based on historical facts, the truth is far from later embellishments and interpretations (OUP, £19.99 (£18); 978-0-19-023097-5).
How can Christians remain Christ-centred when it comes to the fast-moving information technologies of the current age? Ed Brooks and Pete Nicholas address social networking, Twitter, virtual sex, and other topics in Virtually Human: Flourishing in a digital world (IVP, £8.99 (£8.10); 978-1-78359-389-7).
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Though Ghana is a country with a lot to offer it one of many nations in which ‘same-sex acts’ are illegal. Arthur Russell discusses what it was like for his friend to be gay and in Ghana.
The taboo of homosexuality is a part of life that is slowly disappearing from British society; however the same cannot be said of many different countries around the world. Travelling as an LGBT+ can bring up some difficult choices about where to go, how to act and who to tell.
I am a firm believer that through the eye opening experience of travelling, one can be helped en route to overcoming difficult experiences in their life.
Take my friend from Texas, a 20 year old lesbian, who had felt she had to constantly hold back parts of her personality. Her desire travel out to, and volunteer in, Ghana showed to me that she was not prepared to let her sexuality constrain her from achieving the unique we were both after.
Could it be that facing her fears of potential stigma, in the unknown world, and diving straight into the deep end before learning to properly swim actually brought about considerable growth in her own confidence and identity? She told me that ‘in a weird sort of way I now feel stronger from the experience Ghana gave me.’
Travelling helped her realise her strengths and ‘showed others as well as myself that I could be a perfectly respectable, caring and compassionate human regardless of my sexual orientation’. My friend also spoke of how accepting our travel group was to her, saying it was ‘really the first time it was easy for me to come out.’
Interaction with others who you would normally judge as different from you, could serve to provide reassurance, more often than difficulty. Perhaps coming to terms with ones sexuality in a new environment out of the comfort zone can actually help you not just reassess yourself but also others’ place in the world. Meeting new people from all corners of the world, helps you realise that beneath the surface homo-sapiens aren’t that different.
However confidence, like a good beard, takes time. Extracting her thoughts two years later, it is only now she can look back and see the difference. There was no immediate change. It might be easy for me to speak of such a positive experience, since I was not constantly against my nature in a potentially hostile environment that had a taboo towards homosexuality.
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Emperor Qinshihuang's terracotta army appears even mightier after Chinese archeologists unearthed more than 100 additional soldiers, though the warriors fell prey to arson and looting by the military leader who overthrew the First Emperor's dynasty, the new find suggests.
"We have found large quantities of red clay and charcoal along with holes for robbing in the major pit," Shen Maosheng, who is leading one of the teams, told Shanghai Daily. "Rebel leader Xiang [Yu] was the person with the power, time and motive to destroy the terracotta warriors."
He believes Xiang's troops stole the weapons and smashed figures before setting fire to parts of the pit.
In all, more than 8,000 soldiers have been uncovered at the world famous mausoleum in Xi'an, north-west China, but much of it is still unexplored. The 310 relics found in this phase of excavation, which began in 2009, are believed to be only a fraction of those that remain.
Archaeologists found scores more soldiers, war horses, two sets of chariots, weapons, drums and a shield – the latter being the first of its kind to be found in the three pits of warriors, archaeologist Yuan Zhongyi told the state English language paper China Daily.
Xu Weihong, executive director of the excavation team, said eight of the figures were officials, with more complicated and delicately detailed armour than that of the rank-and-file figures.
There was also more colour left on the figures than in previous excavations. Some had black and taupe eyeballs and one even had eyelashes painted on.
Yuan said the colour could have been lost from figures because they had been submerged in water or affected by the fire. Another possibility was that the paint had flaked away. "At that time, craftsmen would paint raw lacquer on them before decorating. After so many years, the lacquer separates from the body, stripping off the colour," he said.
A separate excavation in a nearby pit at the site has found more than 20 terracotta figures in two lines facing each other, which experts believe may have been part of a performance troupe.
Even more striking is a headless figure of 2.2 metres tall, which experts believe would have measured 2.5 metres with its head.
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High: 47°F ~ Low: 44°F
Thursday, Jan. 19, 2017
The Most Influential Films of the Decade: 2000-2009Posted Wednesday, January 20, 2010, at 3:10 PM
We seen the best films of the decade, but which were the most influential?
But what really are influential films. Every decade in film sees major changes in how movies are made and what movies audiences find appealing. During the 90s two of the most influential films were "Toy Story" and "The Blair Witch Project". "Toy Story" brought CGI animation into the forefront of family entertainment. Disney even stopped producing traditional 2D hand-drawn animation for several years. "The Blair Witch Project" opened up feature filmmaking to anyone who could get a hold of a camera and figure out how to edit. While I enjoyed both of these movies, "Toy Story" was one of the best of the decade; "The Blair Witch Project" would've been more of a stretch to put on that list.
This decade has seen a great many innovations and trend changes. The Oughts heralded the return of the Hollywood musical, a great many advancements and new trends in animation, the rise of the comic book-based movie to the forefront of the blockbuster mainstream, the inception of digital downloading of movies, a major insurgence of foreign influence in the American market, some of the strangest plots and storytelling techniques to find their way into mainstream filmmaking, and what is potentially the biggest change in how we exhibit and experience movies since the creation of Cinemascope.
Avatar. While James Cameron's 3D smash hit has yet to prove what impact it will ultimately have on the industry as a whole, I'm betting this movie is going to bring about one of the biggest sea changes in the history of film exhibition. It may come slowly, however, some steps had already been made even before this visually stunning film was released. Even the changes made before "Avatar" was released were done mostly in preparation for this return film of the money magnet that is James Cameron.
While "Avatar" is certainly not the first film to be released in the new 3D format--that would've been 2005's "Chicken Little"--it's the most visually stunning I've seen yet. More than two years ago, when Cameron announced his desire to release his dream project in 2009, the film exhibition industry went into overdrive to place more than 3000 digital 3D projectors in U.S. theaters by the time of the "Avatar" release. However, the slowing economy put their high hopes for the format a little behind their projections. Hoping to have half of those projectors in place for the release of "Beowulf" in November of 2007, exhibitors had only gotten some 700 projectors in place by that time. Yet, by Dec. 18, 2009, the U.S. release date for "Avatar", the number of digital 3D installations far exceeded any 2007 predictions, although the numbers are quite fuzzy in my research here. 14,000 worldwide, 7000+ in the U.S. are the only numbers I could come up with, but that seems awfully high.
Regardless of what the exhibitors have done to push this highly profitable format for the industry--the higher ticket price for 3D screenings have no doubt boosted Avatar's record-breaking sales--the success of the format really lies in whether audiences accept it. Despite the inflated ticket prices, the box office windfall would indicate that they have. While some have criticized Cameron's story line, and despite trepidation that the near three-hour running time might be a strain on the eyes; very little has been said decrying the format itself. From the amazing experience I had with it, I can't believe that it won't be too far in the future before most blockbusters of this nature are presented exclusively in the 3D format.
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. Along with being one of the best films of the decade, Ang Lee's "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" had a tremendous effect on the nature of action in movies and the broadening of cultural taste among American filmgoers. The wirework of fight choreographer Woo-ping Yuen would soon have most of the stunt community utilizing wires to perform most action stunts and making it obvious they were doing so. While wires have been used for many decades in performing physical stunts, it was Yuen's work here and a year earlier in the American movie "The Matrix" that created a shift in the way such stunts were presented on screen. Because of the American success of these two films, this use of wires in action sequences became as common practice in American films as it was in Asian cinema.
The success of Yuen's technique also proved to distributors that action/dramas like "Crouching Tiger" could be marketed to action fanatics, genre geeks, and serious filmgoers alike. Soon the market saw a slew of imitators, including "Hero", "The House of Flying Daggers", and "Curse of the Golden Flower". References to this Asian genre of films would also find their way into American movies such as "Kill Bill" and "The Forbidden Kingdom". Not to mention the fact that Hollywood now had a new cast a villains and heroes who could engage in this flashy style of fighting in movies like the "Rush Hour " franchise, "The One", and third "Mummy" movie.
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Another filmmaker who spent the Oughts working on broadening audience's perceptions of what filmed entertainment can be is writer Charlie Kaufman. Kaufman's first three screenplays, "Being John Malkovich", "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind", and "Adaptation", all played with fact and fiction using real-life characters from the entertainment industry. "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind" ventures into pure fantasy, yet still deals with the themes of reality versus fantasy with its romantic story of a man who tries to erase the love of his life from his memory before having second thoughts.
Despite this film's totally bizarre premise and execution, audiences took to it like it was a Meg Ryan romantic comedy from the 90s. Ever since, audiences seems to have become more tolerant of the bizarre in movies. Films like "Little Miss Sunshine" or "The 40-Year-Old Virgin" might not have found the widespread acceptance they did otherwise. Plus, "Sunshine" found its way to the tops of a great many Best of the Decade lists. As audiences tire of the Hollywood formula romances, more and more untraditional ideas are finding their way into romantic comedies, and more of these movies are dealing with real emotions and real drama to go along with the romance and comedy. "Kate & Leopold" this movie is not.
The Lord of the Rings / Harry Potter. With 30 Academy Award nominations for all three films and 17 wins, "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy legitimized the fantasy film genre as a serious film art form. No longer are fairies and demons the exclusive rights of 30-something nerds still playing Dungeons & Dragons in their parents' basements. The critical and box office success of the Tolkien franchise brought a deluge of fantasy book adaptations to screens in the past decade. Most were not much better than any of the fantasy films that came out in the 80s, but then there also came films like Guillermo del Toro's "Pan's Labyrinth", which took the notion of a child's fantasy world and turned it into an entirely adult ordeal.
At about the same time that "The Lord of the Rings" was finally finding its way onto screens, a young boy wizard was also reaching the apex of his popularity with the release of the first Harry Potter adaptation "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone". The amazing thing about the Harry Potter film franchise is that it's still going strong almost a decade later. The continued success of Harry Potter proves that this fantasy infatuation is not just a phase for the film industry as it was in the 80s. With many more fantasy adaptations in development, including a two-film adaptation of Tolkien's "The Hobbit" helmed by the aforementioned del Toro, it appears as if fantasy will continue to be a widely accepted film genre for some time to come.
Moulin Rouge! I kind of got a little carried away with my description of Baz Luhrmann's musical masterpiece "Moulin Rouge!" in my Best Films of the Decade list and spilled all the beans as to why I might also place it on this list. The musical, once one of the most popular of Hollywood film genres, was all but dead coming into the 21st Century. There had been a few attempts to resurrect the format during the 80s and 90s with diminishing results. Then along came Australian director Luhrmann, with two movies under his belt--the sweet, charming romantic comedy about an amateur dance competition "Strictly Ballroom", and the utterly original MTV-inspired adaptation of Shakespeare's "Romeo & Juliet". What he injected into the musical format with "Moulin Rouge!" re-invigorated the genre for adults who had become bored with Hollywood's formula and introduced it to a generation raised on pop music videos.
After the surprise summer success of the romantic tragedy of a Moulin Rouge showgirl who falls in love with a young gentleman who serenades her with pop culture referencing songs, Hollywood started raiding Broadway once again for new box office fare. Today Hollywood produces two or three big-budget musicals a year, usually with at least one of them garnering multitudes of award nominations at year's end. With measured success and more scrutiny placed on interesting storylines and rock-centric music, Hollywood has embraced the musical once again.
The Polar Express. I was not a fan of Robert Zemeckis's theme park ride-inspired adaptation of Chris Van Allsburg's children's Christmas book "The Polar Express". However, there is no denying that the motion capture technology developed to produce this visually stunning movie changed the face of animation forever. Zemeckis's motion capture process of filming live actors performing the actions and facial expressions of characters that are then digitally rendered in CGI has created a new form of animation that lies somewhere between the realistically rendered toys and cars of Pixar's films and live-action human performances.
The process was quickly accepted by audiences and has become an industry staple ranging from the realistically rendered images of "Polar Express" to the more cartoony characters created for "Monster House". It has even transitioned seamlessly to the 3D format that becomes more popular with each year with titles like "Beowulf" and "A Christmas Carol". Perhaps the greatest benefit of the format is they way it allows popular cinematic personalities like Tom Hanks and Jim Carrey to come fully to the surface of their characters while loosing them on an anything-can-happen animated environment.
Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow. Along the same line as the motion capture process created for "The Polar Express" is the live-action image capturing method crafted by Kerry Conran in "Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow". Conran's green screen stage environment utilized in the filming of this feature-length version of a short movie he made entirely on his computer created a world that references the world we inhabit but is not of this world. It is like a comic book come to life. By filming real actors and filling in the backgrounds, vehicles, props and environments entirely on computer, Conran has showed us a new way to render live-action film.
Conran's film is not really the first time we've seen this filmmaking technique. Both George Lucas and Peter Jackson used CGI environments created from green screen staged filming heavily in the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy and "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy. The difference with what they did and what Conrad has done with his film is that they tried to create realistic environments for their characters to exist in, while Conran created an entirely stylized world that became a character in itself in how it shaped the themes and moods of the story. Several films followed suit after Conran's, including the even more effective "Sin City" and "300".
Sita Sings the Blues. Aside from being one of the best films of 2009 (hint, hint), the animated musical "Sita Sings the Blues" is a pioneer in film distribution. Writer/director Nina Paley, like any artist, wanted people to see her work; but she didn't want her movie to only be available to those people in the right markets with the money in their pockets to spend on a ticket. No, she wanted her movie to be seen by the world, by anyone who wanted to see it, by anyone with a computer and the patience to wait for a download. "Sita Sings the Blues" is available for free on the Internet. It is also available on DVD for a price and is touring the world in film festivals and in cinemas willing to book it. Donations are also quite welcome (and quite necessary due to antiquated copyright laws that are quickly destroying the laws of public domain).
Paley is an artist who believes that an artist creates for people to experience it rather than for individual profit. Don't get her wrong though. Artists need to eat, so profit is also a goal. Through a remarkable marketing and viral web campaign, Paley seems to have discovered a way for artists, even a filmmaker, to have both. It doesn't hurt that her movie is so intelligent, charming, and funny; but I'll let you know all about that in my Best Films of 2009 list.
Spider-Man 2/Batman Begins. The Oughts were the renaissance of the comic book superhero movie. It is a genre that has bounced about in poorly designed and written productions for several decades. Superman and Batman had produced successful adaptations in past decade, but even those scripts were not to be taken entirely seriously. Finally, in 1999 "X-Men" scored with a serious treatment, although a weak plot held that one back from greatness. Then the web slinger "Spider-Man" finally made it to the screen and proved the genre could produce an incredible box office sensation. With "Spider-Man 2" director Sam Raimi proved that a comic book movie could be a critical success as well.
A year later "Batman Begins" furthered the notion that comic book heroes could be taken seriously and succeed at the box office. "Batman Begins" also saw the beginning of yet another Hollywood phenomenon, the reboot. The "Batman" franchise had already made some dough for its parent company Warner Bros., but as the series continued, the quality of each episode got worse. With "Batman Begins" the studio decided to completely scrap the direction the franchise had been going in and start over from scratch. Suddenly every studio jumped into the game of scrapping their existing franchises and starting over. James Bond was overhauled with "Casino Royale", "Star Trek" surprised everyone with its incredibly entertaining refit, and now, Sony is even talking about starting from scratch with Spidey again.
Waking Life. Richard Linklater's 2001 philosophical dreamscape movie "Waking Life" was yet another innovative animated film that saw the creation of a new rendering technique for the format. To create this unique vision known as "interpolated rotoscoping," Linklater filmed real actors on digital video then placed the images into a computer program that painted over the images in animation to create a new form of animation.
Linklater returned to this style of filmmaking with his 2006 adaptation of the Philip K. Dick drug-themed sci-fi novel "A Scanner Darkly". This movie proved how effective this style of animation works in a narrative story. Having used this technique for both a philosophical piece and a narrative one, Linklater has explored a wide range of applications for this animation style. Yet, the style has probably been most widely observed in a series of commercials that have run for the prominent investment company Charles Schwab.
While this type of animation has not yet been widely used in feature filmmaking, Linklater's animation has had another definitive impact on animated features. Since "Waking Life" there has been a sharp increase in adult oriented, highly stylized animated features, including the award winning foreign films "Persepolis" and "Waltz with Bashir". These stylized animations seem to speak more directly to an adult audience than more traditional animation styles, and they depict a world that we may have once thought was simple and have grown to realize is much more complicated than its surface appearance.
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Andrew is a professionally trained actor and stage director. He was a reporter for the daily newspaper The Marshall Democrat News. He has been critiquing film since Mr. Lucas released the first of his "Star Wars" prequels in 1999. His reviews can also be seen at his blog site.
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By Josh Boak
WASHINGTON -- In the 4 1/2 years since the Great Recession ended, millions of Americans who have gone without jobs or raises have found themselves wondering something about the economic recovery:
Is this as good as it gets?
It increasingly looks that way.
Two straight weak job reports have raised doubts about economists' predictions of breakout growth in 2014. The global economy is showing signs of slowing -- again. Manufacturing has slumped. Fewer people are signing contracts to buy homes. Global stock markets have sunk as anxiety has gripped developing nations.
Some long-term trends are equally dispiriting.
The Congressional Budget Office foresees growth picking up through 2016, only to weaken starting in 2017. By the agency's reckoning, the economy will soon slam into a demographic wall: The vast Baby Boom generation will retire. Their exodus will shrink the share of Americans who are working, which will hamper the economy's ability to accelerate.
At the same time, the government may have to borrow more, raise taxes or cut spending to support Social Security and Medicare for those retirees.
Only a few weeks ago, at least the short-term view looked brighter. Entering 2014, many economists predicted growth would top 3% for the first time since 2005. That pace would bring the U.S. economy near its average post-World War II annual growth rate. Some of the expected improvement would come from the government exerting less drag on the economy this year after having slashed spending and raised taxes in 2013.
In addition, steady job gains dating back to 2010 should unleash more consumer spending. Each of the 7.8 million jobs that have been added provided income to someone who previously had little or none. It amounts to "adrenaline" for the economy, said Carl Tannenbaum, chief economist for Northern Trust.
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Out of 16GW initially registered for this year's wind-power reserve auction in August, new grid rules rendered only 9GW eligible to participate. These rules limit the total amount of wind-power projects to be commissioned for 2015 to those that can guarantee a connection. "This will guarantee that all the new wind projects will be connected to the grid by 2015", says Mauricio Tolmasquim, president of the government's energy planning authority, EPE.
Last year, a lack of transmission lines left 600MW of wind projects offline, forcing the country to use standby oil, diesel and natural thermoelectric power generators. The government was then obliged to pay around $150 million to the contracted wind-power companies that had completed projects by 2012 but had no access to sell the power. This cost will be passed on to Brazilian electricity consumers. Earlier this year, national wind-power association Abeeolica estimated that, by the end of 2013, 1.3GW of generating wind projects will not be connected to the grid.
National grid operator ONS reviewed the country's 110,000-kilometre electricity grid to identify how much could in reality be connected, concluding that only around 7GW could be connected, most of it in the north-eastern region. Brazil's total wind power installed capacity stands at 2.7GW, with an estimated potential of more than 100GW.
Some wind companies are scaling back plans. Brazilian developer Bioenergy scrapped investments in the north-eastern state of Rio Grande do Norte because of a lack of connection to the grid. According to state government authorities, investment of some $157 million has been lost.
Although the auction limit addresses the lack of connection, it does not resolve the need for longer-term planning for the whole system. "The answers given by the government were lacking, but, perhaps, it couldn't have been different as we are still learning about wind power," says Jean-Paul Prates, president of Cerne, a regional renewable-energy think tank based in Rio Grande do Norte. The government must be stricter in punishing transmission companies that do not meet deadlines, believe Prates.
State-controlled Chesf, which failed to deliver most of its lines in time for the commissioning of about 600MW of wind projects, was fined $4 million by national electricity regulator Aneel. The delay was calculated at 13 months, and Chesf is appealing, alleging that it was caused by environmental licensing issues. Chesf says there will be no further delays. Meanwhile, the amount of wind power awaiting connection has continued to grow.
Mathias Becker, CEO of Renova Energia, one of the wind-power developers affected by the Chesf delay, now believes that all its wind farms will be connected to the grid by January 2014. "We have worked with Chesf to guarantee the building of the lines," he says. "Changes in the sector are natural in the current process of consolidation."
Renova expects that by December its wind farms in the north-eastern state of Bahia will be fully operational, delivering some 700MW. The transmission link, Becker says, will also allow the company to add 1GW in installed capacity.
Despite this, the government faces a serious backlog of delays in recently auctioned transmission lines across the country, not just for connecting wind projects. According to the government's electricity monitoring committee, CMSE, about 67% of the 27,381 kilometres of lines under construction were behind schedule in June by an average of 12 months. In comparison, three months earlier, 47% of lines under construction were behind schedule by five months.
Speed of wind development
Some of this delay is because the country's long-term grid planning is based on a tradition of building for hydroelectric projects, which take twice as long to complete as a wind project, says EPC's Tolmasquim. "We are changing transmission line planning, which raises uncertainty about future demand, but we are now looking at planning for three years ahead instead of five years as we do now," he said.
New lines could be auctioned earlier to ensure they are completed before the wind projects are finished. For the government, this could mean higher transmission services prices as there would be little demand at the beginning of the 25-year concession for the lines, and investors would demand a premium for high risks.
Slow, strict and bureaucratic environmental licensing processes are a key cause for delays in energy and infrastructure projects in Brazil, especially where transmission lines cross vast areas. Consultations involve environmental authorities at federal, state and municipal levels, as well as local communities and environmental agencies. And the more complex projects are more likely to end up in court.
In addition, the wind sector is experiencing growing problems when it comes to buying or leasing land as prices are skyrocketing, says Tolmasquim. This also affects installation of transmission lines. "Sometimes, land prices make the project unfeasible," he adds.
In the north-eastern state of Bahia, one of the most prominent in terms wind power capacity with 15GW of projects being developed, wind power companies pay landowners $2,000-3,000 a month per turbine,. This results a high cost for developers with no connection, said Rafael Souto, mining and industry superintendent at Bahia state government. Developers only receive government reimbursement for unsold generation if transmission lines are delayed, not for other costs such as land lease.
To further complicate the issue, much of Brazil's wind potential is in the north-east, a previously poor and underdeveloped region, with very little energy infrastructure. The region has only seen progress and investment in the last decade through government housing projects, new retail ventures and wind projects, including turbine manufacturing plants. Representatives of the wind power companies, often headquartered in cities such as Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo to the south, often do not fully understand the local business culture or how to deal with landowners and real-estate brokers in the regions where they want to develop projects.
To Renova's Becker, longer-term government planning for lines in regions with high wind potential would be very welcome. But like its competitor, Bioenergy, it will invest in construction of transmission if necessary. Bioenergy last year announced it is building a 240-kilometre transmission line to connect wind projects in the north-eastern state of Maranhao.
It is planning that is lacking, but the government is giving signals that it has learned from the past,says Prates. Late last year, EPE completed a study for transmission lines to link regions with high wind-power potential, which it submitted to the energy ministry, proposing 1,765 kilometres of new transmission lines in the south and north-east.
The ministry has confirmed that it will act on this study, but has not said in what way. It now needs to carry out detailed technical and economic studies, obtain approval from the federal audit court and sent this to the regulators to write the tender rules.
"It will not be for the whole potential at this time, but will allow a significant portion of new projects to be built," says Cerne's Prates. "Hopefully these lines will be tendered before the end of the year.' Tolmasquim expects that more lines dedicated to wind projects will be tendered in the coming years.
Prates is confident that Brazil is going through a consolidation process with a steep learning curve. "Brazil has shown that it honours contracts," he says. "The companies that built the wind projects in time, even without a transmission line, were paid strictly according to the contract, even if the project was standing still. This means that, even with all the problems of learning, Brazil has shown that having the world's cheapest wind energy is not simple, but it is possible."
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2012 Michigan Heritage Award, Apprenticeship Recipients Announced
The Michigan State University Museum announces honorees in two programs celebrating and sustaining traditional arts practices in the state: the 2012 Michigan Heritage Awards (MHA), and the 2012 Michigan Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program (MTAAP) recipients.
The Michigan Heritage Award is the state's highest distinction to honor individuals who continue their family community and cultural traditions with excellence and devotion.
"The Michigan Heritage Awards are presented each year to honor master practitioners in Michigan who continue the folk traditions of their families and communities through practice and teaching," explains LuAnne Kozma, assistant curator of folk arts at the MSU Museum and coordinator of the MHA program.
Receiving a 2012 Michigan Heritage Award for their achievements are: Johnnie Bassett, of Oak Park (Oakland County), for Blues guitar and vocals; Paulette Brockington, of Highland Park (Wayne County), for Swing dance and Lindy Hop; The Ship’s Company, Friends Good Will, of South Haven (Van Buren County), for marlinespike seamanship; and Rene Meave and Guillermo Martinez of Plainwell (Allegan County) and Kalamazoo (Kalamazoo County), for Tejano music (Michigan style). Later this year, the recipients of the 2012 Michigan Heritage Awards will be recognized at a public ceremony at the Great Lakes Folk Festival, produced Aug. 10-12 by the MSU Museum in downtown East Lansing.
Since, 1987 the MSU Museum's Michigan Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program has supported the teaching and passing on of Michigan's folk traditions by sponsoring master-artist apprentices. In this program, a master artist works with an apprentice artist for a period of eight months. Past apprenticeships have helped sustain traditions in diverse art forms such as fiddle playing, quill box making, storytelling, blacksmithing, tamale making and rag-rug weaving. MTAAP master artists receive a monetary stipend for working with the apprentices in their specialized area of traditional arts.
The 2012 Michigan Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program's master artists and their apprentices, respectively, are:
-James Anderson of Gladwin, (Gladwin County) and Christain Horendo of Holbrook, NY and Gladwin, for stone carving;
-Rachaneeboon “Rachel” Ball of East Lansing (Ingham County) and Radit “Michie” Nimsombun of East Lansing, for Thai foodways;
-Jennie Brown of Shelbyville (Allegan County) and Josiah Brown of Shelbyville, for black ash basketry;
-Kelly Church of Hopkins (Allegan County) and Gegek, Tobias, and Waasamoo Pamp of Mt. Pleasant (Isabella County), for black ash basketry; and
-Ron Paquin of Cheboygan (Cheboygan County) and Nathan Wright of Petoskey (Emmet County), for birch containers.
The Michigan Heritage Awards and Michigan Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program are supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. The awards were based on review by a statewide panel of folklife scholars and educators who consider all the nominations and look for depth of experience, outreach, and authenticity of the tradition and the tradition-bearer when determining the merit of each award. Learn more here: http://museum.msu.edu/s-program/mtap or by contacting LuAnne Kozma, coordinator for MHA and MTAAP: firstname.lastname@example.org or 517-353-5526. ####
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First volume in state-of-the-art radiologic text-atlas series details anatomy of the lung, mediastinum, and heart
Normal imaging anatomy and variants, including both diagnostic and surgical anatomy, are the cornerstones of radiologic knowledge. Imaging Anatomy Text-Atlas: Lung, Mediastinum, Heart is the first in a series of four richly illustrated radiologic references edited by distinguished radiologist Farhood Saremi MD and coedited by Damian Sanchez-Quintana MD/PhD, Hiro Kiyosue MD, Francesco F. Faletra MD, Meng Law MD, Dakesh Patel MD, and Shane Tubbs MD, with contributions from an impressive cadre of international authors.
The exquisitely crafted atlas provides high quality multiplanar and volumetric color-coded imaging techniques utilizing CT, MRI, or angiography, supplemented by cadaveric presentations and color drawings that best elucidates each specific anatomic region. Twenty-one chapters with concise text encompass thoracic wall, mediastinum, lung, vascular, and cardiac anatomy, providing readers with a virtual dissection experience. Many anatomical variants along with pathological examples are presented.
More than 1,700 illustrations enhance understanding of impacted regions
Lung anatomy including the pleura, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and lymphatics
Discussion of the tracheobronchial system, mediastinum and thymus, thoracic aorta and major branches, systemic veins, lymphatics and nerves of the thorax, diaphragm, and breast
Heart anatomy including the atrioventricular septal region; aortic, pulmonary, mitral and tricuspid valves; coronary arteries and myocardial perfusion; coronary veins; and pericardium
This superb resource is essential reading for medical students, radiology residents and veteran radiologists, cardiologists, as well as cardiovascular and thoracic surgeons. It provides an excellent desk reference and practical guide for differentiating normal versus pathologic anatomy.
This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.
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March 14: 'Green Fire' screening
Documentary traces birth of modern nature conservation movement
8:13 a.m., March 1, 2012--Green Fire: Aldo Leopold and a Land Ethic for Our Time, the first full-length documentary film to explore the life of legendary conservationist Aldo Leopold, will be presented at 6 p.m., Wednesday, March 14, in 006 Kirkbride Hall on the University of Delaware’s Newark campus. The screening is free and open to the public.
The film follows Leopold’s life in the early part of the 20th century and the many ways his ideas shaped the conservation movement and continues to be applied all over the world today.
June 5: Blue Hen 5K
June 6-9: Food and culture series
Leopold’s extraordinary career as an educator, philosopher, forester, ecologist and wilderness advocate included authoring the conservation classic A Sand County Almanac. His vision of a community that cares about both people and land -- his call for a land ethic -- ties together the disparate stories of modern conservation presented in the film.
The screening will be followed by a discussion with Stan Temple, senior fellow with the Aldo Leopold Foundation and Beers-Bascom Professor Emeritus in Conservation in the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin Madison.
The event is sponsored by UD's Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, the Energy and Environmental Policy Student Association and Students for the Environment (S4E).
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Pakistan successfully test-fires nuclear-capable surface-to-surface ballistic missile
On 12th August 2021, Pakistan successfully test-fired a nuclear-capable surface-to-surface ballistic missile. this missile can get the target up to 290 kilometres range.
- The launch of the ballistic missile ‘Ghaznavi’ (बैलिस्टिक मिसाइल गजनवी) aimed to ensure the operational readiness of Army Strategic Forces Command, besides re-validating technical parameters of the weapon system.
Prime Minister Imran Khan congratulated for Missile Test
- Prime Minister Imran Khan has congratulated all ranks of Army Strategic Forces Command, the scientists and engineers on the successful conduct of this launch.
Static GK Questions of Day:
- Capital: Islamabad
- President: Arif Alvi
- Currency: Pakistani rupee
- Prime minister: Imran Khan
For all the latest Updates, download PrepareExams App.
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Did you know there's a perennial that hits peak bloom starting mid-December and varieties that continue through March? Hellebores are frost-resistant, evergreen plants that boast bloom colors in a range of pale green to deep maroon-black. Phillipe Chadwick checks out a home gardener's expansive collection.
Environmentally conscientious gardeners should strive to grow a range of late-flowering nectar plants to provide insects with energy to migrate, or build them up for winter hibernation. Rita Venable, author of Butterflies of Tennessee, joins Marty DeHart to discuss top-performers such as goldenrod and New England aster.
Orchids are popular house plants and can produce beautiful blooms over many years, if they receive the proper care. Annette Shrader sets out to de-mystify orchid growing with an orchid hobbyist and member of the Orchid Society of Middle Tennessee. Growing medium, proper watering and fertilization, re-potting, pests + solutions are all discussed.
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I’ve been reflecting on why some nonprofits do a better job of measurement and learning, while others do not. What is the difference? It comes down to organizational culture. The nonprofits that embrace measurement have a data-driven culture. That is they make decisions based on meaningful data, rather than solely by gut.
Not all nonprofits are born with the spreadsheet gene. And it isn’t simply a technical problem that can be solved through training or purchasing analytics software. The challenge has to do with organizational beliefs and work styles. Whether it be a widely held belief that measurement practice is not worth investing resources. Or a practice that swings the other away where there is an excessive investment in collecting gobbly gook data to appease a funder.
What is needed for nonprofit organizations to make this shift?
The Evolutionary Stages of A Data-Driven Culture
It is helpful to look at making the switch as an evolutionary process. In the end, it comes down to leadership.
Dormant: At this stage, the organization does not know where to start. Does data collection may occur from time-to-time, but not formal reporting. There are no systems in place, no dashboards or simple collection method. Staff is often overwhelmed by thought of measurement and the task falls to the bottom of the to do list. Or there is an emphasis on collecting lots and lots of data, but does not relate it to decision-making. There not is a reflection process for analyzing success or failure to take into next use or campaign.
Testing and Coordinating: At this stage, the organization is regularly collecting data but in a bunch of different spreadsheets and collected by different people or departments. Data is focused on the metrics that are specific to social media channel. It is used to improve content, messaging, and engagement on specific channels. Social media data is not linked to higher level organizational results or mission-driven goals across programs. Discussions on how to improve results are rarely part of staff meetings.
Scaling and Institutionalizing: Has an organization wide system and dashboard for collecting measurement data that is shared with different departments. Has different views or level of detail for senior leaders, implementors, and different departments. Holds weekly campaign check-ins to evaluate what’s working and what’s not across communications channels, as well as, any specific social media feedback received that would help shape our future campaigns or social media use. Monitors feedback from target audience in real time but balances with trend or survey data. Documents quantitative results against goals and value when asked by senior leadership. Works with measurement consultants or specialists to improve skills and capacity. Provides training and professional development for staff to learn how to use measurement tools.
Empowering: Sets organization wide key results areas and key performance indicators that are used across programs. Has a staff position responsible for stewarding organization’s data, but staff are empowered to check and apply their own data. In addition to weekly check-ins, the organizational dashboard includes key performance metrics related to goals as well as more detailed metrics. The organizational dashboard is shared across departments and there is a process for analyzing, discussing, and applying results. They use data visualization techniques to report the data analysis but also to reflect on best practices culled from the data.
There is a regular report to senior leadership which details high level successes, challenges, and recommendations for moving forward. Staff performance reviews incorporate how well the organization is doing on KPIs. Works with measurement consultants or specialists to improve skills and capacity or to commission independent study and provides training and professional development for staff. Celebrates successes by sharing measurement data across the organization.
DoSomething.Org: A Data-Driven Nonprofit In Action
DoSomething.Org is most definitely moving into the “Empowering Stage” and are leaders in the non-profit world for exhibiting the characteristics and work habits of a data-driven organization. Look at their approach to social media measurement in this terrific slide show by George Weiner, CTO, at DoSomething.Org called “What Does The Data Say.” Despite being a relatively small nonprofit, they have a “Data Analyst” on staff, Bob Filbin. What makes an organization to make this kind of investment in being data-driven?
It has to do with leadership. Their Board, which is dominated by leaders in the tech field including Reid Hoffman, co-founder of Linked-In, and Raj Kapoor, co-founder of Snapfish, are all staunchly behind the philosophy of “The future of the web is data.”
The board supports the organization’s orientation towards using tech and data to realize its mission. CEO Nancy Lublin was the driving force for hiring a data analyst and leading the charge for DoSomthing.Org to become a poster child for a data-driven nonprofit.
So, what does a data analyst do at a nonprofit? It is more than hiring someone who knows how to program formulas in Excel spreadsheets. Bob’s job is to make sure that departmental and overall organizational goals are aligned, and that social media data are seamlessly integrated into achieving their organizational key results.
Bob’s responsibility is less to provide fish to staff, but more to teach them how to fish. “My goal is to make sure that every person on staff has access to the data they need in order to create actionable changes in the way they do their programs. Ideally, each person will receive the data they need with automated dashboards that have different levels of detail and ladder up to organizational results.”
One of the biggest barriers in nonprofits for staff is finding time to devote to rigor and discipline measurement. The time to collect data, the time to analyze, and the time to action on it. Bob concurs. “DoSomething.Org understands the value of data-driven social change and has backed that up by creating a “data team” of three staff people. For the past month-and-a-half, I’ve been working organizing our data collection, storage, analysis, and dissemination efforts. Unless someone is put in charge of data, and it’s a key part of their job description, accelerating along the path towards flying is going to be hard, if not impossible.”
Bob points out the secret is to not to collect more data, but smarter data. He says, “Just in case data collection can get in the way of achieving goals because it is wasted energy and time. I am working with each department to make sure departmental all data collection supports decision-making. ”
Do.Something is integrates critical metrics from social media, e-mail, SMS, and Web. They don’t just count the data, they use it to improve their tactics. Says Bob, “DoSomething.Org uses A/B testing, where people can be randomly assigned to get different messages simultaneously. ” This fall, DoSomething.org will start a push to acquire members via mobile phone, and A/B testing will be a crucial part of figuring out how to keep those new members engaged. (The graph above is an example.)
Bob likes to quote Hal Varian, Chief Economist at Google, “I keep saying that the sexy job in the next 10 years will be statisticians,” to others on the DoSomething.Org staff. He thinks the business world is moving in the direction of more data analysis. “With the advent of social technology, we are facing an avalanche of data. The goal is to be able to sift through it, and find the diamonds in the rough on how to improve organizational effectiveness. That’s where statisticians, or data analysts, come in. Non-profits know this is true, but the problem is investing in the resources needed to become a data-driven non-profits.”
Bob also believes that part of the problem moving away from making decisions by “gut” feelings, or intuition. Bob says, “The data should tell us whether or not the program is effective.”
To make the shift, Bob suggests using small wins and share an example from an analysis on Facebook Ads for an event sign up. “We discovered the conversion rate was very low because we directed people to an external site (our web site) versus a sign up on Facebook.” This insight will help use Facebook ads more effectively the next time around.”
Bob also talks about how to overcome resistance on staff to using data for decisions. “Your reports should be presented in a way that seeks to avoid bruised egos. Rather than bringing a number to a meeting, people should be reviewing their own statistics and data. This is part of what I am doing at Do Something – closing the data loop. Making sure each department can access its data to answer their questions.”
Tips for Making the Switch
Culture is an organization’s operating patterns of behavior, activities, and attitudes, influenced by a shared set of values and beliefs that characterize the way people work together. Changing a nonprofit culture isn’t as simple as
identifying the new ways of working you want to see or articulating a new set of beliefs and values associated with them. Most people won’t change their behaviors until they observe the role models in their organization acting
differently as DoSomething.Org has done. Also, when new behavior is positively recognized and rewarded — job promotions or some praise from the top of the organization – change begins to happen.
1. Start at the top. Does your Executive Director know where the organization stands? Educate through examples – showing how adding a data-driven approach to your social media can avoid ineffective campaigns and increase audience satisfaction. The organization’s leadership needs to model and encourage a data-driven approach.
2. Make the case to improve your measurement practice. The only way to evolve is through implementing a series of social media measurement pilots and small data wins. Keep the end in mind when agreeing to how experiments will be structured, run, and measured.
3. Think big, but take baby steps. Start with looking at Key Result areas and key performance indicators, but since these may outcomes deal with long-term changes, you can’t get there overnight. Keep the steps in the plan small and manageable. Use measurement pilots.
4. Share stories: Celebrate every bar graph that leads to a program or campaign victory. Share it at staff meetings. Also circulate stories about other nonprofits that have become data-driven success stories.
Does your nonprofit have a data-driven culture? How are you making the shift? Where does social media measurement fall in that mix?
I’m working on a book with KD Paine about social media, networked nonprofits, and measurement. Have a story to share? Let me know in the comments. You could be in the book!
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Over deze norm
NEN-ISO 16964 provides specification and testing requirements for high pressure flexible hose assemblies intended to be connected to gas cylinders, bundles of cylinders or trailers for use when filling and emptying gas at production sites and also for customer use. This International Standard applies to flexible hose assemblies with rated pressures up to 1 000 bar for use in the temperature range of -40° C to +65° C. This International Standard is not applicable to: - rubber and plastics flexible hose assemblies for welding, cutting and related processes up to 45 MPa (450 bar) for customer use (see ISO 14113); - high pressure flexible hose assemblies for use with medical gas systems for customer use (see ISO 21969); - low pressure hose assemblies for use with medical gases, for customer use (see ISO 5359); - rubber and thermoplastic low pressure hose assemblies for welding, cutting and related processes for customer use (see ISO 3821 or ISO 12170); - flexible hose assemblies for cryogenic applications (see ISO 21012); - flexible hose assemblies for liquid petroleum gas (LPG).
|Nederlandse titel||Gasflessen - Samenstellingen van flexibele slangen - Specificaties en beproeving|
|Engelse titel||Gas cylinders - Flexible hoses assemblies - Specification and testing|
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Why Lesson Planet?
Find quality lesson planning resources, fast!
Share & remix collections to collaborate.
Organize your curriculum with collections. Easy!
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In this number system worksheet, students complete several questions writing number sets for natural numbers, odd numbers, and prime numbers.
4 Views 17 Downloads
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a fishing licence (valid for either one or three calendar years).
Can you fish in Ontario without a license right now?
Fish without a licence Four times a year, Canadian residents can fish in Ontario without buying a fishing licence, during: Family Fishing Weekend in February (February 13-15, 2021) Father’s Day Weekend in June (June 19-20, 2021) Family Fishing Week in July (July 3-11, 2021)Jul 17, 2014.
Do you need a fishing license if you are over 65 in Ontario?
Over 65 years old: You don’t need an Outdoors Card or a fishing licence, but you may purchase them. Your fees will go towards managing fish and wildlife populations in Ontario. If your assistant engages in fishing, they will require a licence. The catch and possession limits are the same as a sport fishing licence.
Do seniors in Ontario need a fishing licence?
Most non-Canadian residents require an Outdoors Card and recreational fishing licence to fish in Ontario, including those 65 years of age or older. Any fish kept are part of the catch and possession limit of the person who holds the licence.
How many walleye can you keep in Ontario?
Resource: Get Your Ontario Fishing License In the case of walleye, an angler with a regular license can keep up to four walleye. On a conservation license, an angler could keep two walleye.
How many fish can a senior Keep in Ontario?
You may only catch and keep in one day or possess no more than five trout and salmon in total under a sport fishing licence ( S –5) or two trout and salmon in total under a conservation fishing licence ( C –2).
Do seniors pay for fishing license in Ontario?
Ontarians over 65 are exempt from paying for the one-year conservation fishing licence that typically costs $16.46, though prices vary depending on where you live and what type of tag you want. An outdoors card, which is also required, costs $9.68.
Do seniors need a fishing license?
In some states, senior citizens don’t need a fishing license if they are over 65 years old. This is not true for the entire country. There are several states in the United States that provide free fishing licenses. Also, there are a few states that will offer a discount on licenses for seniors.
What is the fine for fishing without a license in Ontario?
Fishing without a license – $200, up from $100. Failing to wear proper hunting clothing – $300, up from $100.
Do Metis need a fishing license in Ontario?
Generally, if you belong to an Indigenous community with established Aboriginal or treaty fishing rights in Ontario, you can fish without a licence when: fishing within your traditional or treaty area. taking fish for food, social or ceremonial purposes.
What fish are in season right now in Ontario?
Ontario Fishing Regulations – Zone 5 Species Open Season Conservation Licence Walleye (or Sauger) Jan. 1-April 14; May 16-Dec 31 2 Per Day 2 Possession Northern Pike All Year 2 Per Day 2 Possession Smallmouth Bass (or Largemouth) Jan 1- June 30 Catch & Release July 1-Nov 30 2 Per Day 2 Possession.
Can you fish with 2 rods in Ontario?
In most waters, you can ice fish with 2 lines as long as: you stay within 60 metres at all times of any line or tip-up. you have a clear and unobstructed view of your lines at all times.
How many crappie can you keep in Ontario?
Catch & Possession Limits Fishing License – Catch & Possession Limits Largemouth / Smallmouth Bass Total of 6 Total of 2 Muskellunge (112cm/44in minimum) Total of 1 0 Crappie 30 10 Perch 50 25.
What size pike can you keep in Ontario?
You can only keep one larger than 22”, then rest must be smaller than 16.1”. For pike, you can can only have one larger than 34”, the rest must be smaller.
How many crappie can you keep?
25 Species Limit Size Large Mouth Bass 5 12 Inches Striped Bass 10 No Size Crappie/Bluegill/Sunfish 25 No Size Trout 5 No Size.
How many panfish can you keep in Ontario?
crappie – 30. lake trout – 3. lake whitefish – 25. largemouth or smallmouth bass combined – 6.
Can you keep muskie in Ontario?
Muskie opener in Sunset Country is the third Saturday in June each year. Exceptions vary depending on where you are fishing, for instance, 54″ is required to keep on Lake of the Woods, and on Lac Seul, there is no possession limit whatsoever for muskie.
Is there free fishing in Ontario?
Four times a year, Canadian residents can fish in Ontario without buying a fishing licence, during: Family Fishing Weekend in February (February 13-15, 2021) Mother’s Day Weekend in May (May 8-9, 2021) Father’s Day Weekend in June (June 19-20, 2021).
Do natives need a hunting license in Ontario?
Members of Indigenous communities exercising established Aboriginal and/or treaty hunting rights generally do not require an Outdoors Card or hunting licence(s) when hunting for food, social or ceremonial purposes within their traditional or treaty territory.
Can veterans fish for free?
Reduced-fee sport fishing and hunting licenses are available to both resident and nonresident disabled veterans. Any honorably discharged, disabled veteran with a 50 percent or greater service-connected disability who wants to hunt or fish in California is eligible.
What is a king salmon stamp?
King salmon stamps are required for anglers who fish for king salmon (except king salmon in stocked lakes), except for residents under the age of 18 and non-residents under the age of 16, as well as persons who have a resident blind fishing license, resident low-income license, resident senior permanent identification.
How old do you have to be to have a fishing license?
How Old Do You Need To Be To Get A Fishing License By State State Minimal age requirement Delaware 16 Florida 16 Georgia 16 Hawaii No requirements for non-commercial fishing.
How can I fish for free?
Every year the California Department of Fish & Wildlife (CDFW) announces two Free Fishing Days. On these days, anyone ages 16 or older can go fishing without getting a sport fishing license. This includes at creeks, rivers, lakes, and even beach fishing.
Can seniors fish for free in Ontario?
Most Canadian residents need a Fishing Version Outdoors Card and licence to fish in Ontario if they are between the ages of 18 and 64 years old. Those under 18 or 65 years or older are exempt.
Is fishing with corn illegal in Ontario?
New regulations for FMZ 12 to 20 To use more than one line, you must meet all of the following conditions: use baits that are plant-based or artificial corn. when fishing from shore, each line you use must be no further than 2 metres (6 feet) away from another line you are using.
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The Internet is constantly evolving, and are also the ways to market your webdevelopment business. This is why, web development is everywhere. Out of websites to apps, web developers are responsible for nearly everything that may be on the Internet. You may be astonished to learn that you may be responsible hop over to this web-site for the similar type of expansion. Keep reading to learn more about the kinds of jobs obtainable and how you can aquire started today. You might be amazed to discover you can make big money from this organization.
While you can be familiar with social networking, you may be shocked by the vast variety of different marketing strategies available. 1 effective technique is to generate a blog and publish articles relevant to your niche and audience. For instance , if your webdevelopment business specializes in designing websites, you could discuss the latest style trends and incorporate SEO keywords. This article will function as your promoting backbone. Additionally, it builds a relationship along with your prospects, which will lead to more sales.
To be able to increase your customer base, you should use ground breaking marketing strategies. One of the best ways to increase the traffic is to use SEO techniques. Websites that rank well searching engine search engine pages (SERPs) could have more traffic than those that typically. With lots of other sites challenging for the same projected audience, you must stay ahead of the shape to settle relevant and profitable. If you need to stay ahead of the rest, you have to keep up with the newest trends in web development.
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One of worlds most secret business societies and global think tanks rumored to dictate policy across the planet.
Founded in 1954, Bilderberg is an annual conference designed to foster dialogue between Europe and North America.
Every year, between 120-150 political leaders and experts from industry, finance, academia and the media are invited to take part in the conference. About two thirds of the participants come from Europe and the rest from North America; one third from politics and government and the rest from other fields.
The conference is a forum for informal discussions about megatrends and major issues facing the world. The meetings are held under the Chatham House Rule, which states that participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s) nor of any other participant may be revealed.
Thanks to the private nature of the conference, the participants are not bound by the conventions of their office or by pre-agreed positions. As such, they can take time to listen, reflect and gather insights.
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Data from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicate that about 3.6 million people in the United States have antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, of whom 2.7 million are currently infected. NHANES, however, excludes several high-risk populations from its sampling frame, including people who are incarcerated, homeless, or hospitalized; nursing home residents; active-duty military personnel; and people living on Indian reservations. We undertook a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and sought out unpublished presentations and data to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C in these excluded populations and in turn improve the estimate of the number of people with hepatitis C in the United States. The available data do not support a precise result, but we estimated that 1.0 million (range 0.4 million-1.8 million) persons excluded from the NHANES sampling frame have hepatitis C virus antibody, including 500,000 incarcerated people, 220,000 homeless people, 120,000 people living on Indian reservations, and 75,000 people in hospitals. Most are men. An estimated 0.8 million (range 0.3 million-1.5 million) are currently infected. Several additional sources of underestimation, including nonresponse bias and the underrepresentation of other groups at increased risk of hepatitis C that are not excluded from the NHANES sampling frame, were not addressed in this study.
The number of US residents who have been infected with hepatitis C is unknown but is probably at least 4.6 million (range 3.4 million-6.0 million), and of these, at least 3.5 million (range 2.5 million-4.7 million) are currently infected; additional sources of potential underestimation suggest that the true prevalence could well be higher.
Background & Aims
Genetic polymorphisms within the interferon lambda (IFN-λ) region are strongly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance; the IFNL4-ΔG/TT (rs368234815) polymorphism, which controls generation of the IFN-λ4 protein, is more strongly associated with HCV clearance than rs12979860 (the ‘IL28B variant’). An IFNL3 3′ untranslated region polymorphism (rs4803217) has been proposed as a causal variant that may affect HCV clearance by altering IFNL3 mRNA stability.
We compared IFNL4-ΔG/TT and rs4803217 for association with response to pegylated-IFN-α/ribavirin in the VIRAHEP-C and HALT-C trials, and spontaneous HCV clearance in the ALIVE, UHS and WIHS studies. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan assays. We compared differences in mean reduction in HCV RNA levels by genotype and haplotype. For HCV clearance, we calculated p-values comparing c-statistics for IFNL4-ΔG/TT and rs4803217 genotypes by a bootstrap approach.
Among European Americans, linkage disequilibrium between IFNL4-ΔG/TT and rs4803217 was strong (r2=0.89–0.99) and there were no significant differences between the variants. In African American (AA) individuals enrolled in VIRAHEP-C, HCV RNA at treatment day 28 was more strongly associated with IFNL4-ΔG/TT than rs4803217 (p=0.003); the IFNL4-ΔG:rs4803217-G haplotype, which includes the putatively favorable IFNL3 allele, was actually associated with the poorest day 28 response (p=0.03, comparison to IFNL4-ΔG:rs4803217-T haplotype). Among AA participants, associations were stronger for IFNL4-ΔG/TT than rs4803217 for undetectable HCV RNA at week 24 in Virahep C (p=0.03) and week 20 in HALT-C (p=0.03), as well as for spontaneous HCV clearance (p=0.048).
IFNL4-ΔG/TT is the primary IFN-λ region polymorphism for impaired HCV clearance.
genetics; IL28B; IFNL3; IFNL4; innate immunity; interferon lambda; treatment; viral clearance
Hepatitis C is the most prevalent bloodborne viral disease in the United States and the deadliest. This year, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) will update its 2004 hepatitis C guideline, which recommends against screening asymptomatic adults for hepatitis C. This guideline has hampered public health efforts to encourage screening and identify and refer infected persons for care by declaring that such interventions were not supported by the evidence. A draft revision of the guideline, released on November 26, 2012, concludes that testing persons born between 1945 and 1965 probably has at least a small net benefit, but stops short of definitively recommending that this cohort be screened. This article examines the Task Force’s process for writing its guidelines. It recommends that the Task Force adopt a balanced approach to evaluating the benefits and harms of screening; use the preponderance of the evidence as a standard for evaluating interventions that target serious public health problems; be transparent about the value judgments that go into its decisions; consider the wide variation in disease prevalence in diverse patient populations; and recommend screening asymptomatic adults for hepatitis C.
By taking a broader view of the evidence, the Task Force can write new guidelines that will serve efforts to curb the hepatitis C epidemic, rather than frustrate them.
Previous studies suggest that most injection drug users (IDUs) become infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) soon after initiating drug use. The Urban Health Study (UHS) recruited serial cross-sections of IDUs in the San Francisco Bay area from 1986 to 2005. In the current study, we determined the prevalence of antibody to HCV and HBV (core) among UHS participants during 1998 to 2000. To examine whether the time from onset of injection to acquisition of viral hepatitis has increased, we also compared the findings among recent (<10 years) initiates to drug use who participated during 1998-2000 with those who participated in 1987. Of 2,296 IDUs who participated during 1998-2000, 91.1% had antibody to HCV and 80.5% to HBV. The number of years a person had injected drugs strongly predicted infection with either virus (Ptrend < 0.0001). HCV seroprevalence among recent initiates in 1998-2000, by years of injection drug use, was: ≤ 2, 46.8%; 3 to 5, 72.4%; 6 to 9, 71.3%. By comparison, HCV seroprevalence among 1987 participants was: ≤ 2 years, 75.9%; 3 to 5, 85.7%; 6 to 9, 91.1% (P < 0.0001). A consistent pattern was observed for HBV (P < 0.0001), and these findings were not explained by demographic differences between 1987 and 1998-2000 participants. During 1987, however, 58.7% of recent initiates had shared syringes within the past 30 days compared with 33.6% during 1998-2000 (P < 0.0001).
HCV and HBV seroprevalence among newer initiates to injection drug use in the San Francisco Bay area decreased markedly between 1987 and 1998-2000. This decrease coincided with the implementation of prevention activities among this population.
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) may suppress co-infection with HBV during acute or chronic HBV infection. We examined relationships between HBV infection, HCV infection and other factors among injection drug users (IDUs) with antibodies to both viruses. Participants enrolled in a cross-sectional study during 1998–2000 were considered to have been infected with HBV if they had core antibody, to be chronically infected if they had HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), to have been infected with HCV if they had HCV antibody, and to be chronically infected if they had HCV RNA. Among 1,694 participants with antibody to both viruses, HBsAg prevalence decreased with increasing age among those positive for HCV RNA [from 4.55% in those 18–29 years to 1.03% in those ≥ 50 years old (ptrend=0.02)], but not among those who were negative for HCV RNA. Chronic HBV infection was less common overall among those with chronic HCV infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.25; p<0.0001), but this inverse relationship was much stronger in the oldest (> 50 years; OR= 0.15) than the youngest (18–29 years; OR=0.81) participants (ptrend=0.03). Similar results were obtained when duration of injection drug use was substituted for age (ptrend= 0.05). Among IDUs who have acquired both HBV and HCV, chronic HBV infection is much less common among those with chronic HCV infection, but this inverse relationship increases markedly with increasing years of age and injection drug use. Co-infection with HCV may enhance the resolution of HBsAg during the chronic phases of these infections.
epidemiology; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; injection drug use; United States; viral suppression
IFNL4-ΔG/TT (rs368234815) genotype is associated with hepatitis C virus clearance and may play a role in other infections. IFN-λ4 protein is generated only in individuals who carry the IFNL4-ΔG allele. The IFNL4 rs12979860-T allele, which is in strong linkage disequilibrium with IFNL4-ΔG, was recently reported to be associated with more frequent and severe oral herpes episodes. We investigated the association of IFNL4-ΔG/TT with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-related outcomes among 2,192 African American and European American participants in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). WIHS is a prospective cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected and at-risk women that began in 1994. This report includes follow-up through 2013. Available data included: HSV–1 and HSV–2 antibodies at study entry; bi-annually ascertained episodes of (self-reported) oral herpes, (self-reported) genital sores and (clinician-observed) genital ulcers; HSV–2 DNA in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens. IFNL4-ΔG/TT genotyping was determined by TaqMan. We compared women with IFNL4-ΔG/ΔG or IFNL4-TT/ΔG genotypes (i.e., IFNL4-ΔG carriers) to those with the IFNL4-TT/TT genotype, adjusting for age, race and HIV status. For outcomes with repeated measurements, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval [CI] and p-value were determined using a generalized estimating equations approach. Median participant age at enrollment was 36 years; 81% were African American, 74% were HIV-infected. Among 1,431 participants tested for antibodies, 72.8% were positive for HSV–1 and 79.0% were positive for HSV–2. We observed no association between IFNL4-ΔG/TT genotype and any outcome: HSV–1 or HSV–2 antibody prevalence (p>0.1, all comparisons); oral herpes (aOR, 1.2; p = 0.35); genital sores (aOR, 1.0; p = 0.71); genital ulcers (aOR, 1.1; p = 0.53); detectable HSV–2 DNA in CVL (N = 322; aOR, 0.71; p = 0.49); HSV–2 DNA level (p = 0.68). In this large prospective study, IFNL4-ΔG/TT genotype was not associated with HSV-related outcomes, including episodes of oral or genital herpes.
Persons who inject illicit drugs are the group most severely affected by the hepatitis C epidemic but the least likely to receive treatment. Controlling the epidemic will require developing strategies for effectively treating drug users. A growing number of reports have shown that a substantial proportion of drug users treated for hepatitis C can achieve sustained virologic responses even if they have psychiatric comorbidity and even if they continue to use drugs while receiving hepatitis C treatment. Successfully treating hepatitis C in injection drug users requires collaboration between those with expertise in hepatitis and those with expertise in caring for substance users. Careful attention to management of adverse effects and strong links with mental health services are important. Further research is needed to better define which patients can be successfully treated and the program elements that are critical for success. In the meantime, substantial progress can be made using current knowledge if appropriate resources are brought to bear.
Injection drug users constitute the largest group of persons infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States, and most new infections occur in drug users. Controlling hepatitis C in the U.S. population, therefore, will require developing, testing, and implementing effective prevention and treatment strategies for persons who inject drugs. Fortunately, a substantial body of research and clinical experience exists on the prevention and management of chronic viral diseases among injection drug users. The need to implement interventions to stop the spread of HCV among drug users is critical. The capacity of substance-use treatment programs need to be expanded to accommodate all who want and need treatment. Physicians and pharmacists should be educated in how to provide access to sterile syringes and to teach safe injection techniques, both of which are lifesaving interventions. The treatment of hepatitis C in drug users requires an interdisciplinary approach that brings together expertise in treating hepatitis and caring for drug users. Treatment decisions should be made individually by patients with their physicians, based on a balanced assessment of risks and benefits and the patient's personal values. Physicians should carefully assess, monitor, and support adherence and mental health in all patients, regardless of whether drug use is known or suspected. Research is needed to better understand how best to prevent and treat hepatitis C in substance users. In the meantime, substantial progress can be made if existing knowledge and resources are brought to bear.
We followed-up 18 injection drug users for a mean of 33.8 months (range, 4–55 months) after successful treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Fifteen (83%) of the patients remained HCV RNA–negative, 1 patient was not tested, and 2 patients had test results positive for HCV RNA. The estimated rate of reinfection as a result of injection drug use was 0–4.1 cases per 100 person-years (cumulative incidence, 0%–12.6% at 48 months after completion of treatment). Of 50 patients originally treated, 15 (30%) were HCV RNA–negative 3 years later.
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. We performed RNA-sequencing in primary human hepatocytes activated with synthetic dsRNA to mimic HCV infection. Upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) on chromosome 19q13.13, we discovered a novel, transiently induced region that harbors dinucleotide variant ss469415590 (TT/ΔG), which is in high linkage disequilibrium with rs12979860, a genetic marker strongly associated with HCV clearance. ss469415590-ΔG is a frame-shift variant that creates a novel primate-specific gene, designated interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4), which encodes a protein of moderate similarity with IFNL3. Compared to rs12979860, ss469415590 is more strongly associated with HCV clearance in individuals of African ancestry, whereas it provides comparable information in Europeans and Asians. Transient over-expression of IFNL4 in a hepatoma cell line induced STAT1/STAT2 phosphorylation and expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Our findings provide new insights into the genetic regulation of HCV clearance and its clinical management.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections occur worldwide and either spontaneously resolve or persist and markedly increase the person’s lifetime risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HCV persistence occurs more often in persons of African ancestry and in persons with a genetic variant near IL28B, the genetic basis is not well understood.
To evaluate the host genetic basis for spontaneous resolution of HCV infection.
Two-stage genome wide association study (GWAS).
13 international multicenter study sites.
919 individuals with serum HCV antibodies but no HCV RNA (spontaneous resolution) and 1482 individuals with serum HCV antibodies and RNA (persistence).
Frequencies of 792,721 SNPs.
Differences in allele frequencies between persons with spontaneous resolution and persistence were identified on chromosomes 19q13.13 and 6p21.32. On chromosome 19, allele frequency differences localized near IL28B and included rs12979860 (overall per-allele OR = 0.45, P = 2.17 × 10−30) and 10 additional SNPs spanning 55,000 bases. On chromosome 6, allele frequency differences localized near genes for class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and included rs4273729 (overall per-allele OR= 0.59, P = 1.71 × 10−16) near DQB1*03:01 and an additional 116 SNPs spanning 1,090,000 base pairs. The associations in chromosomes 19 and 6 were independent, additive, and explain an estimated 14.9% (95% CI: 8.5–22.6%) of the variation in HCV resolution in those of European-Ancestry, and 15.8% (95% CI:4.4–31.0%) in individuals of African-Ancestry. Replication of the chromosome 6 SNP, rs4272729 in an additional 746 individuals confirmed the findings (p=0.015).
Epigenetic effects were not studied.
IL28B and HLA class II are independently associated with spontaneous resolution of HCV infection and SNPs marking IL28B and DQB1*03:01 may explain ~15% of spontaneous resolution of HCV infection.
In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level is an important predictor of treatment response. To explore the relationship of HCV RNA with viral and demographic factors, as well as IL28B genotype, we examined viral levels in an ethnically diverse group of injection drug users (IDUs). Between 1998 and 2000, the Urban Health Study (UHS) recruited IDUs from street settings in San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods. Participants who were positive by HCV EIA were tested for HCV viremia by a bDNA assay. HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the HCV NS5B region. For a subset of participants, IL28B rs12979860 genotype was determined by Taqman. Among 1701 participants with HCV viremia, median age was 46 years and median duration of injection drug use was 26 years; 56.0% were African American and 34.0% were of European ancestry (non-Hispanic). HIV-1 prevalence was 13.9%. The overall median HCV RNA level was 6.45 log10 copies/ml. In unadjusted analyses, higher levels were found with older age, male gender, African American ancestry, HBV infection, HIV-1 infection and IL28B rs12979860-CC genotype; compared to participants infected with HCV genotype 1, HCV RNA was lower in participants with genotype 3 or genotype 4. In an adjusted analysis, age, gender, racial ancestry, HIV-1 infection, HCV genotype and IL28B rs12979860 genotype were all independently associated with HCV RNA. Conclusion: The level of HCV viremia is influenced by a large number of demographic, viral and human genetic factors.
epidemiology; genetics; HCV; IL28B; viremia
Among individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), African Americans have lower spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) than Caucasians, and women have higher clearance than men. Few studies report racial/ethnic differences in acute HCV in HIV infected, or Hispanic women. We examined racial/ethnic differences in spontaneous HCV clearance in a population of HCV mono- and co-infected women.
We conducted a cross sectional study of HCV seropositive women (897 HIV infected and 168 HIV uninfected) followed in the US multicenter, NIH-funded Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), to determine the association of race/ethnicity with spontaneous HCV clearance, as defined by undetectable HCV RNA at study entry.
Among HIV and HCV seropositive women, 18.7 % were HCV RNA negative, 60.9 % were African American, 19.3 % Hispanic and 17.7 % Caucasian. HIV infected African American women were less likely to spontaneously clear HCV than Hispanic (OR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.38–0.93, p = 0.022) or Caucasian women (OR 0.57, 95 % CI 0.36–0.93, p = 0.023). Among HIV uninfected women, African Americans had less HCV clearance than Hispanics (OR 0.18, 95 % CI 0.07–0.48, p = 0.001) or Caucasians (OR 0.26, 95 % CI 0.09–0.79, p = 0.017). There were no significant differences in HCV clearance between Hispanics and Caucasians, among either HIV infected (OR 0.97, 95 % CI 0.57–1.66, p = 0.91) or uninfected (OR 1.45, 95 % CI 0.56–3.8, p = 0.45) women.
African Americans were less likely to spontaneously clear HCV than Hispanics or Caucasians, regardless of HIV status. No significant differences in spontaneous HCV clearance were observed between Caucasian and Hispanic women. Future studies incorporating IL28B genotype may further explain these observed racial/ethnic differences in spontaneous HCV clearance.
African American; Hispanic; Acute hepatitis C; Female
Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) readily establishes chronic infection with exhaustion of HCV-specific T cells and escape from neutralizing antibodies. Spontaneous recovery from chronic infection is rare and has never to our knowledge been studied immunologically.
Methods. We prospectively studied, from prior to infection through >2 years of follow-up, cytokines, HCV-specific T cells, and antibodies, as well as viral sequence evolution in a white male who spontaneously cleared HCV genotype 1a after 65 weeks.
Results. Significant alanine aminotransferase and plasma cytokine elevation and broad HCV-specific T-cell responses did not result in HCV clearance in the acute phase. Frequency and effector function of HCV-specific T cells decreased thereafter, and HCV titers stabilized as is typical for the chronic phase. HCV clearance after 65 weeks followed the appearance of neutralizing antibodies at week 48 and was associated with reversal of HCV-specific T-cell exhaustion, as evidenced by reduced programmed death–1 (PD-1) expression and improved T-cell function. Clearance occurred without inflammation or superinfection with hepatitis B virus, human cytomegalovirus virus, influenza, and Epstein-Barr virus.
Conclusions. T-cell exhaustion is reversible at least in the first 2 years of chronic HCV infection, and this reversion in conjunction with neutralizing antibodies may clear HCV. These findings are relevant for immunotherapy of chronic infections.
Among 1369 Urban Health Study participants, we evaluated genetic models for the association of IL28B genotype (rs12979860 and rs8099917) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. For rs12979860, adjusted odds ratios for spontaneous HCV clearance were as follows: IL28B-CC, 3.88 (P < .001); IL28B-CT, 1.48 (P = .08). On the basis of Akaike information criteria values and χ2 tests, a supra-additive (quadratic) model fit these data best. Models based on rs8099917 provided poorer fit. Evidence that a supra-additive rs12979860-based model best fits the association of IL28B-genotype with HCV clearance may improve clinical prediction models and foster a better understanding of functional mechanisms underlying this association.
Background and Aims
Characterization of inflammatory mediators, such as chemokines, during acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection might shed some light on viral clearance mechanisms.
Plasma levels of CXCR3 (CXCL9-11)- and CCR5 (CCL3-4)-associated chemokines, ALT and HCV RNA were measured in nine injection drug users (median 26 samples/patient) before and during ten acute (eight primary and two secondary) HCV infections. Using functional data analysis, we estimated smooth long-term trends in chemokine expression levels to obtain the magnitude and timing of over-all changes. Residuals were analyzed to characterize short-term fluctuations.
CXCL9-11 induction began 38–53 days and peaked 72–83 days after virus acquisition. Increases in ALT levels followed a similar pattern. Substantial negative autocorrelations of chemokine levels at one week lags suggested substantial week-to-week oscillations. Significant correlations were observed between CXCL10 and HCV RNA as well as ALT and CXCR3-associated chemokines measured in the preceding week, CCL3-4 expression levels did not change appreciably during acute HCV infection.
Elevation of CXCR3-associated chemokines late during acute HCV infection suggests a role for cellular immune responses in chemokine induction. Week-to-week oscillations of HCV RNA, chemokines, and ALT suggest frequent, repeated cycles of gain and loss of immune control during acute hepatitis C.
CXCL9; CXCL10; CXCL11; CCL3; CCL4; inflammation
Claudin-1 is a recently discovered co-receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) that is required for late-stage binding of the virus. Because variants in the gene that encodes claudin-1 (CLDN1) could play a role in HCV infection, we conducted a ‘whole gene association study’ among injection drug users (IDUs) to examine whether CLDN1 genetic variants were associated with the risk of HCV infection or with viral clearance. In a cross sectional study, we examined genotype results for 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the CLDN1 gene region, comparing genotypes among participants with chronic HCV (n=658) to those in IDUs who had cleared HCV (n=199) or remained HCV-uninfected (n=68). Analyses were controlled for racial ancestry (African American or European American) by stratification and logistic regression modeling. We found that participants who remained uninfected more often carried CLDN1 promoter region SNPs -15312C [odds ratio (OR), 1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-2.94; p=0.048], -7153A (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.25-3.62; p=0.006) and -5414C (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.06-3.00; p=0.03). HCV-uninfected participants less often carried CLDN1 IVS1-2983C (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.97; p=0.04), which lies in intron 1. CLDN1 -15312C, -7153A and -5414C formed a haplotype in both the African American and European American participants and a haplotype analysis supported the association of CLDN1 -7153A in the HCV-uninfected participants. The analyses of HCV clearance revealed no associations with any SNP. These results indicate that genetic variants in regulatory regions of CLDN1 may alter susceptibility to HCV infection.
claudin-1; epidemiology; genetic; susceptibility; viral receptor
T-cell responses to HCV antigens have been reported in high-risk HCV seronegative persons, suggesting that an effective cellular immune response might be able to clear infection without the development of antibodies. Such findings, however, could be explained by waning antibody or cross-reactivity to other antigens. To address these issues, we assessed T-cell responses in high-risk, seronegative, young IDUs to multiple peptide mixes spanning the entire HCV genome.
We evaluated HCV-specific T-cell responses in 26 young (age 18-33 years) aviremic, seronegative IDUs (median duration of injection, 6 years) by interferon-γ ELISpot assay using 429 overlapping HCV peptides pooled in 21 mixes. Seventeen aviremic, seropositive IDUs (spontaneous resolvers) and 15 healthy people were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.
The percentage of patients with HCV-specific cellular immune responses was similar in seronegative and seropositive aviremic IDUs (46% versus 59%, p=0.4), while these responses were not detected in any of the negative controls. Among the seronegative IDUs, 6 (23%) had intermediate to very strong responses to 10-20 peptide mixes and another 6 (23%) had moderately strong responses to 2 to 6 mixes. The 12 seronegative IDUs with HCV-specific T-cell responses had higher demographic and behavioral risk profiles than the 14 IDUs without T-cell responses (estimated risk of HCV infection, 0.47 vs. 0.26, p <0.01).
HCV-specific T-cell responses are common among high-risk, seronegative IDUs. The responses are broad and are associated with risk factors for HCV exposure, suggesting that they reflect true exposure to HCV in seronegative persons.
Prior research on adherence to Hepatitis C treatment has documented rates of dose reductions and early treatment discontinuation, but little is known about patients' dose-taking adherence.
To assess the prevalence of missed doses of pegylated interferon and ribavirin and examine the correlates of dose-taking adherence in clinic settings.
180 patients on treatment for Hepatitis C (23% co-infected with HIV) completed a cross-sectional survey at the site of their Hepatitis C care.
Seven percent of patients reported missing at least one injection of pegylated interferon in the last four weeks and 21% reported missing at least one dose of ribavirin in the last 7 days. Dose-taking adherence was not associated with HCV viral load.
Self-reported dose nonadherence to Hepatitis C treatment occurs frequently. Further studies of dose nonadherence (assessed by method other than self-report) and its relationship to HCV virologic outcome are warranted.
Adherence; HCV; HIV; co-infection; interferon; ribavirin
Resistance mutations to HCV NS3 protease inhibitors in <1% of the viral quasispecies may still allow >1000-fold viral load reductions upon treatment, consistent with their reported reduced replicative fitness in vitro. Recently, however, an R155K protease mutation was reported as the dominant quasispecies in a treatment-naïve individual, raising concerns about possible full drug resistance. To investigate the prevalence of dominant STAT-C resistance mutations in the population we analyzed HCV genome sequences from 507 treatment-naïve HCV genotype 1 infected patients from the US, Germany and Switzerland. Phylogenetic sequence analysis and viral load data were used to identify the possible spread of replication competent, drug resistant viral strains in the population and to infer the consequences of these mutations upon viral replication in vivo. Mutations described to confer resistance to the protease inhibitors Telaprevir, BILN2061, ITMN-191, SCH6 and Boceprevir, the NS5B polymerase inhibitor AG-021541, and to the NS4A antagonist ACH-806 were observed mostly as sporadic, unrelated cases, at frequencies between 0.3% and 2.8% in the population, including two patients with possible multi-drug resistance. Collectively, however, 8.6% of the genotype 1a and 1.4% of the genotype 1b infected patients carried at least one dominant resistance mutation. Viral loads were high in the majority of these patients, suggesting that drug resistant viral strains might achieve replication levels comparable to non-resistant viruses in vivo.
Conclusion: Naturally occurring dominant STAT-C resistance mutations are common in HCV genotype 1 infected treatment-naïve patients. Their influence on treatment outcome should further be characterized to evaluate possible benefits of drug resistance testing for individual tailoring of drug combinations when treatment options are limited due to previous non-response to peginterferon and ribavirin.
NS3 protease inhibitor; NS5B polymerase inhibitor; Telaprevir; Boceprevir
Injection drug users (IDUs) who successfully clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a reduced risk of developing chronic reinfection, despite their continuing exposure to the virus. To identify immunological correlates for this apparent protection, we studied HCV-specific immune responses in long-term IDUs (duration, >10 years).
HCV-specific T cell responses were assessed in proliferation, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), interferon (IFN)–γ secretion, and cytotoxicity assays, whereas HCV-specific antibodies were assessed in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), chemiluminescent assays, and in vitro neutralization assays.
HCV-specific T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production were more common in nonviremic EIA-positive IDUs (16 [94%] of 17 IDUs) than in viremic EIA-positive IDUs (9 [45%] of 20 IDUs) (P = .003). They were also noted in 16 (62%) of 26 nonviremic EIA-negative IDUs. In contrast, 19 (90%) of 21 viremic IDUs displayed neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), compared with 9 (56%) of 16 nonviremic EIA-positive IDUs (P = .04) and 0 of 24 nonviremic EIA-negative IDUs. Nonviremic IDUs with nAbs were older (P = .0115) than those without nAbs, but these groups did not differ in terms of either injection drug use duration or HCV-specific T cell responses.
The reduced risk of HCV persistence in IDUs previously recovered from HCV infection correlated with T cell responses, and prolonged antigenic stimulation appears to be required to maintain humoral responses.
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- 1[transitive] to make someone believe something that is not true deceive somebody Her husband had been deceiving her for years. deceive somebody into doing something She deceived him into handing over all his savings. Thesauruscheatlie trick fool deceive betray conThese words all mean to make someone believe something that is not true, especially in order to get what you want.cheat to make someone believe something that is not true, in order to get money or something else from them:She cheated on her taxes. I was cheated out of my fair share. Cheat also means to act in a dishonest way in order to gain an advantage, especially in a game, competition, or exam:Copying someone else's answers is one kind of cheating.lie to say or write something that you know is not true:He lied about his age. Don't lie to me.trick to make someone believe something that is not true, especially in a skillful way, in order to get what you want:She tricked him into handing over all his savings.fool to make someone believe something that is not true, especially in order to laugh at them or to get what you want:Just don't be fooled by these statistics.deceive to make someone believe something that is not true, especially someone who trusts you, in order to get what you want:I don't know how he deceived me so well.betray to hurt someone who trusts you, especially by deceiving them or not being loyal to them:She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.con (informal) to deceive someone, especially in order to get money from them or get them to do something for you:My grandfather was conned out of $10,000 by criminals.which word?Many of these words involve making someone believe something that is not true, but some of them are more disapproving than others. Deceive is probably the worst because people typically deceive friends, relations, and others who know and trust them. People may feel cheated/betrayed by someone in authority whom they trusted to look after their interests. If someone cheats/tricks/fools/cons you, they may get something from you and make you feel stupid. However, someone might fool you just as a joke; and to trick someone is sometimes seen as a skillful thing to do, if the person being tricked is seen as a bad person who deserves it.Patterns to cheat/trick/fool/con somebody out of something to fool/trick/con somebody into doing something to feel cheated/tricked/fooled/deceived/betrayed/conned to fool/deceive yourself to cheat/trick/con your way into something
- 2[transitive] deceive yourself (that…) to refuse to admit to yourself that something unpleasant is true You're deceiving yourself if you think he'll change his mind.
- 3 [transitive, intransitive] deceive (somebody) to make someone have a wrong idea about someone or something synonym mislead Unless my eyes are deceiving me, that's his wife. see also deceptive Word Familydeceive verbdeceit noundeceitful adjectivedeception noundeceptive adjective
NAmE//dɪˈsiv//Verb Forms present simple I / you / we / they deceive
he / she / it deceives
past simple deceived
-ing form deceiving
deceiverjump to other results
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/deceive
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| 0.982237
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Image Source – Beyond Meadow
There are many ways that people can improve digestive health, and like many other parts of the body, the health of your digestive system is affected by physical, emotional, behavioral, dietary, and physiological factors. To ensure a healthy stomach try these 20 helpful tips to improve digestive health.
By replenishing probiotics, the ‘healthy bacteria’ in your stomach, you improve nutrient uptake and protect the stomach from bad bacteria and other pathogens that can seriously affect the your digestive system.
Exercising helps to regulate your hungry, burn good calories, improve muscle tone, and reduce obesity. All of these things can either directly affect your dietary behavior.
Potassium in bananas is a vasodilator and an anti-inflammatory, both of which are good for digestive health. It is also a good source of fiber, which helps to bulk up our stool, thereby helping the bowel movements.
Smoking has an astringent effect on the body, narrowing blood vessels and increasing the likelihood of inflammation, leading to heartburn, ulcers, and other intestinal complications.
Avocados are a nutrient-packed way to protect our stomach. Aside from the fiber, which stimulates peristaltic motion and reduces inflammation in the gut, avocados are also full of other antioxidants that protect the digestive system and the rest of the body.
Alcohol in excess causes inflammation of the stomach, heartburn, and general intestinal distress.
Spinach contains some insoluble fiber, which can act as a bulking agent if you are suffering from diarrhea. Also, the high lutein content is broken down during digestion and helps protect the rest of the body thanks to its high antioxidant capacity.
There are plenty of benefits to coffee, however, coffee is highly acidic, and can seriously mess with the acidity of your empty stomach. If you regularly down a pot of coffee and have chronic stomach issues, consider switching to tea or cutting back on the coffee to keep your stomach healthy.
Cinnamon is a carminative, which means that it can relieve excess gas, and it also helps to inhibit the overgrowth of yeast.
If you actively reduce your stress levels, your bowel movements will become more regular, and that knot in your stomach will get untied too.
This herb has been used for hundreds of years as a digestive aid and can help to reduce heartburn in many patients. Heartburn is often a result of something highly acidic or spicy food, and thus cumin is often included in such dishes.
By clearing your mind and finding your center, releasing the tension and thoughts that plague you every day, you are also affecting the functions of your body, improving the flow of energy and blood, which can help to regulate your digestive system.
One of the active ingredients of black pepper, piperine, has been shown to increase the amount of digestive juices, which can help to stimulate digestion and increase the efficiency of nutrient uptake.
Stretching once or twice a day can reduce flatulence and bloating.
Ginger is used to soothe stomach upset and reduce inflammation in the gut. Furthermore, when taken in larger quantities, ginger can act as a laxative to flush out your system and eliminate constipation.
Drinking water is the basis for digestion and is essential for excretion. Particularly if you suffer from constipation or painful bowel movements, increasing your water intake can immediately help get your bowels moving and also rejuvenate the body in countless other ways.
Almonds are able to function as a probiotic in certain people, meaning that they stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. The high level of fiber also helps improve digestion and reduce constipation.
Bran has one of the highest concentrations of dietary fiber in commonly found food (about 24 grams per cup), so it is commonly recommended to eliminate constipation and stimulate healthy bowel movements.
Berries are not only high in fiber, but are also high in water content. Furthermore, some berries can reduce inflammation and promote functionality within the gut due to high antioxidant content.
Different teas contain different active compounds, such as the polyphenols and catechins in green tea, which protect the gut and increase pepsin production, an enzyme than increases the speed of protein digestion.
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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Nancy Pelosi for 12th District
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Published 9:47 pm, Friday, October 12, 2012
There are many ways to measure the influence of Nancy Pelosi, the first woman to rise to speaker of the House, but perhaps none is more telling than what happened after she lost the speakership in 2010.
It is customary for a speaker to exit the party leadership, or even leave Congress altogether, after a change in control. Not Pelosi. Her deftness at building alliances, and the confidence her colleagues had in her, enabled her to be elected House Democratic leader in the 112th Congress.
Pelosi has used her power for public benefit, nationally and locally. Her many San Francisco accomplishments include her role in securing AIDS/HIV funding and the transition of the Presidio into a national park. Her leadership helped deliver the Affordable Care Act. The list goes on and on.
Her opponent, John Dennis, casts himself as an unorthodox Republican. There is no doubt about that. With a strong libertarian streak, Dennis is running against Pelosi on his aggressive opposition to the Afghanistan war, the drug war, domestic surveillance, bailouts and the economic stimulus programs.
The reality is, Dennis has no chance in this election, and not just because of the Democrats' overwhelming registration edge. Pelosi has proved herself an enormous asset, to the city and the country, and deserves re-election.
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<urn:uuid:2b24cb5e-9b05-4343-82e3-c27c50185070>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/editorials/article/Nancy-Pelosi-for-12th-District-3944822.php
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00403-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.962183
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Whether TDS on service tax is deductible or not?
The issue of TDS on service tax is getting hotter by the day. This issue got fuel with the issuance of a circular by the CBDT. In this circular, board has clarified that tax deduction at source (TDS) under sections 194-I of Income Tax Act would be required to be made on the amount of rent paid/payable without including the service tax. [Circular no. 4 dated 28-4-2008]
After this clarification, every body was of the view that the principle enunciated by this circular is applicable to all the payments made by the assessee and accordingly no TDS is deductible from on the part of service tax whether it is professional's bill or contractor's bill.
But, to settle the issue, CBDT has issued another clarification vide circular F. NO. 275/73/2007IT(B) dated 30-6-2008. In circular CBDT has clarified that the scope of benefit of Circular no. 4 dated 28-4-2008 can not be extended to the payment made under section 194J (Fees for professional and technical services).
Therefore, TDS is to be deducted on the gross amount inclusive of service tax where the payment is being made u/s 194J.
From the reading of both the clarifications, the reasons for two stands in two situations can be discussed as under:
Chapter XVII - Part B - Deduction at source
Section 194J - Sub Section (1) starts as:
(1) Any person, not being an individual or a Hindu undivided family, who is responsible for paying to a resident any sum by way of—
Section 194I - the provisions of this section starts as:
Any person, not being an individual or a Hindu undivided family, who is responsible for paying to a resident any income by way of rent, shall…………
Section 194J speaks about deduction of tax at source (TDS) on any sum which is paid to the recipient.
But, Section 194I speaks about the deduction of tax at source (TDS) on any income paid as rent.
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<urn:uuid:f63c8080-bb32-49bc-914b-5809f0bde2e8>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.taxmanagementindia.com/visitor/detail_rss_feed.asp?id=546
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Figure 4-9 Jump zero (JZ, 0, 0000)
All instructions pass the next-address select bits, which include
the Am2910 instruction field, the condition code multiplexer
select bits, and any additional control pin fields (RLD', CCEN').
All instructions cause a next-address value to be switched through
the next-address multiplexer and to be incremented by the incrementer.
Sequential Execution: Sequentional program segments
use the Continue statement, whose flow is shown in Figure
4-10. The µPC register is the source of the next-address.
The register/counter and the stack are not altered. The CC'
input is unused. The pipeline output enable PL' is enabled.
Figure 4-10 Continue (CONT, E, 1110)
Jump Map (JMAP)
Jump to the Map address: JMAP is trhe instruction used
to start different microroutines based on opcode decode, and
a mapping PROM or the equivalent construct. This GO TO branches
to the address appearing at the Di inputs, and the
MAP' output enable is active. In a CCU such as the one being
discussed, this will gate the address output by the mapping
PROM into the Am2910. The register/counter and stack are not
affected. This statement is normally placed at the end of a
microroutine or placed at a case-branch (jump-op) location in
the microprogram (seeFigure 4-11).
Figure 4-11 Jump map (JMAP, 2, 0010)
Conditional Jump PL (CJP)
Jump to Pipeline Address If Condition is True Else Continue:
The simplest IF construct used to test for the occurrence of
an interrupt request is Conditional Jump to an address in the
pipeline register. If the CC' input is LOW (the condition is
TRUE), the next address is provided by the pipeline register.
If the CC' is HIGH, the test fails and CJP behaves as CONT instruction.
The pipeline is enabled and the stack and register/counter are
unaffected (see Figure 4-12).
Figure 4-12 Conditional jump pipeline (CJP, 3, 0011)
Conditional Jump Vector (CJV)
Jump to Vector Map Address If Condition is True Else Continue:
Another IF construct used to test for the occurrence of an interrupt
request is Conditional Jump Vector. If the CC' input is LOW,
the next address is provided by the vector map. The stack and
register counter are unaffected. The VECT enable is ACTIVE.
If CC' is HIGH, CJV behaves as CONT (see Figure 4-13).
Figure 4-13 Conditional jump vector (CJV, 6, 0110)
Load Counter and Continue (LDCT)
There are several instructions which use the counter capability
and several which use the register capability of the register/counter.
Each requires that the register/counter be loaded prior to its
execution. Load Counter and Continue provides this ability.
LDCT behaves as a continue statement except that whatever is
gated onto the Di inputs is unconditionally
loaded in the register/counter. The PL' enable is ACITVE; the
stack is unaffected (see Figure 4-14).
Figure 4-14 Load counter and continue (LDCT, C, 1100). This
instruction must be executed before a LOOP instruction or a
jump which used the register.
COND Jump R/PL (JRP)
This should have been given the mnemonic CJRP since it is a
conditional statement. (The mnemonic names refer to the Development
System, AmSYS 29, preprogrammed Definition File.) The choice
of where the next address comes from is made based on the CC'
input. If CC' is LOW, the next address is from the piepline
register. If CC' is HIGH, the next address is from the register/counter.
LDCT must have occurred anywhere prior to the execution of
Regardless of the test results, the flow is nonsequential.
A branch is taken to one address or another.The PL' enable is
ACTIVE, and the register/counter and the stack are unaffected
(see Figure 4-15).
Figure 4-15 Conditional jump register/pipeline (JRP, 7,
LDCT must have been executed somewhere ahead of JRP.
COND JSB PL (CJS)
Microprogram subroutines may be called by the Conditional Jump
Subroutine, with the address of the first microinstruction of
the subroutine given in the pipeline register. IF CC' is LOW,
a branch is taken to the subroutine. The contents of the µPC,
on which the flow diagram of Figure 4-16 is address 53,
are pushed onto the stack and the TOS pointer is incremented.
If CC' is HIGH, CJS behaves as CONT. The PL' enable is ACITVE;
the stack is unaffected.
Figure 4-16 Conditional jump subroutine from pipeline (CJS,
COND JSB R/PL (JSRP)
Subroutines may also be called by the Conditional Jump Subroutine
from Register or Pipeline, which should have been given the
mnemonic CSRP. The instruction is similar to JRP except that
regardless of the test result, the next sequential address (54
in Figure 4-17) is pushed onto the stack and the TOS
pointer is incremented. As with JRP, LDCT (or its equivalent
operation) must have occurred prior to the execution of JSRP.
Figure 4-17 Conditional jump subroutine register/pipeline
(JSRP, 5, 0101).
LDCT or a register load must occur somewhere prior to JSRP
If CC' is LOW, a branch is taken to the subroutine whose address
is taken from the register/counter (70 in the figure).
The PL' enable is ACTIVE, and the register/counter and the stack
are unaffected. If CC' is HIGH, the start address is taken from
the branch address field (80 in the figure).
COND Return (CRTN)
Once a subroutine has been completed, an unconditional return
to the calling program is accomplished using a Conditional Return
Statement. The same statement is also used to conditionally
end a subroutine based on the result of a test.
There are two ways to allow an unconditional return -- either
the selcted input to the conditional MUX is a forced PASS input
(grounded in the active-LOW case), or the CCEN' input is switched
HIGH. CCEN' will be discussed later. If CC' is LOW either as
a result of a valid test or frm a forced LOW input, the next
address is taken from the LIFO stack and the stack is POPed
(the TOS pointer is decremented). The register/counter is unaffected,
and the PL' enable is ACTIVE.
If CC' is HIGH, CRTN behaves as CONT. In either case, CRTN
should not be executed if the stack is empty (see Figure
Figure 4-18 Conditional Return (CRTN, A, 1010)
Repeat PL CNTR <> 0 (RPCT)
Loops are handled with four different instructions. One of
these is RPCT, the Repeat Loop instruction, with the start address
of the loop in the pipeline register. Essentially, it is a conditional
jump pipeline instruction. The register/counter must have been
loaded previously via a LDCT or equivalent operation.
If the counter is not equal to 0 (zero), the jump is taken and
the counter is decremented. If <COUNTER> = 0, then RPCT
behaves as CONT. The stack is unaffected, and the PL' enable
is active (see Figure 4-19).
Figure 4-19 Repeat pipeline if counter <> 0 (RPCT,
9, 1001). (Loop on one or more statements, beginning address
of loop in register (at the time of the RPCT statement).
Push/COND LD CNTR (PUSH)
The counter can be conditionally loaded during the same instruction
that pushes the current value of the µPC register onto
the LIFO stack. If CC' is LOW, the counter is loaded from the
pipeline register. If CC' is HIGH. the register/counter is unchanged.
The PUSH occurs regardless of the CC' input value. The PL enable
is active (see Figure 4-20).
PUSH must immediately precede the first microinstruction
in a loop controlled by LOOP, RFCT, or TWB.
Figure 4-20 Push stack and condition load counter (PUSH, 4,
1000). This instruction must immediately precede the first statement
in a loop controlled by LOOP or RFCT.
Repeat Loop, CNTR <> 0 (RFCT)
Another Repeat Loop structure is RFCT, which causes a loop
to be repeated if <COUNTER> <> 0. The start
address of the loop is on the start of the stack. The counter
is decremented when the branch is taken. If <COUNTER>
= 0, RFCT behaves similarly to CONT with the added operation
of POPping the stack. The PL' enable is active. A loop using
RFCT requires PUSH immediately preceding the first microinstruction
of the loop, the microinstruction whose address is to be pushed
onto the stack (see Figure 4-21).
Figure 4-21 Repeat loop from stack if counter &NE; 0 (RFCT,
RPCT and RFCT are both microprogramming equivalents of DO loops.
Test End Loop (LOOP)
A third repeat loop construct is LOOP, which behaves similarly
to RFCT except that the test which determines whether or not
the loop is repeated is some selected condition other than <COUNTER>
= 0. On CC' = HIGH, LOOP behaves similarly to CONT, with the
added operation of POPping the stack. On CC' = LOW, the loop
start address is referenced from the top of the stack. The register/counter
is unaffected. The PL' enable is ACTIVE.
A loop using the instruction LOOP requires that a PUSH instruction
immediately preceed the first microinstruction in the loop,
the one whose address is to be pushed onto the stack (see Figure
Figure 4-22 Test end of loop (LOOP, D, 1101). Must preceed
first statement in the loop.
The LOOP microinstruction is the programming equivalent of
a DO UNTIL or DO WHILE programming construct.
COND JUMP PL and POP [stack] (CJPP)
The way to conditionally exit a loop is to execute CJPP. This
instruction may also be used to conditionally exit a subroutine
where a return to the calling location is to be aborted.
CJPP is a conditional jump using the pipeline register to provide
the branch address (see Figure 4-23).
The difference between CJP and CJPP is that the latter POPs
the stack when CC' = LOW. When CC' = HIGH, CJPP becomes CONT.
The PL' enable is ACTIVE.
Figure 4-23 Conditional jump pipeline and POP (CJPP, B,
CJPP is used to conditionally exit loops formed using PUSH
and RFCT, TWB or LOOP. It is not needed for loops formed with
RPCT which do not invlove the stack.
Three-Way Branch (TWB)
There can be instances where the construct DO X TIMES WHILE
Ci = FALSE is necessary. The microinstruction
equivalent of this is TWB, a dual-test branch or loop microinstruction
(see Figure 4-24).
TWB will loop, referring to the top of the stack for the start
adress, if CC' = HIGH and <COUNTER> <> 0.
The stack wil be POPped on the branch if CC' = HIGH and
<COUNTER> = 0. TWB will behave similarly to CONT
if CC' = LOW with the addition of POPping the stack, regardless
of the counter value. If <COUNTER> <>0, the counter
will be decremented. In all cases, the PL' enable is active.
Figure 4-24 Three-way branch (TWB, F, 1111)
An example of the type of problem for which TWB is useful is
given in Figure 4-25. This is a key match memory search,
where the counter defines the length of the block of memory
being searched and the condition tested is a match on the selected
Figure 4-25 Programming a memory search on key for a search
on n+1 locations
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<urn:uuid:c3725980-52f0-41e9-a241-0e6a0cbc672f>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www10.giscafe.com/book/parse_book.php?article=BITSLICE/BIT_CHAP_4/bitCh4B2.html
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|
en
| 0.863638
| 2,778
| 3.265625
| 3
|
Objective: This study attempts to evaluate the status of oxidative stress in osteoarthritis (OA), by measuring some parameters of oxidant stress and antioxidant defenses in blood, before and after homeopathy treatment, and to asses the role, if any, of homeopathic treatment in modulating free radical toxicity in OA. Methods: Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (LP), erythrocyte antioxidants viz., glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CT) and plasma antioxidants viz., ceruloplasmin, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), vitamin C, total antioxidant activity (AOA) were determined in eighty one patients with OA and fifty three normals. Forty seven patients, who were treated with homeopathic remedies were considered for the follow-up studies. Location: Father Muller Homeopathic Hospital, Mangalore, South Karnataka, India. Results: Erythrocyte LP (0 hour, p < 0.001; 2 hours, p < 0.01; and susceptibility to LP, p < 0.05) and SOD (p < 0.05) were significantly higher, whereas plasma vitamin C (p < 0.01) and AOA (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in OA patients when compared to controls. In follow-up patients the erythrocyte LP (0 hour, p < 0.01; 2 hours, p < 0.01; and susceptibility to LP, p < 0.01) and SOD (p < 0.01) were significantly lower when compared to their pretreatment values. Plasma vitamin C attained a normal range. The AOA activity after treatment was not significantly different from that observed before treatment. Conclusion: Oxidative stress increased in OA as indicated by increased LP, SOD, decreased vitamin C and AOA. On homeopathic treatment the LP has decreased in the erythrocytes which shows and reduced oxidative stress. This is further evidenced by returning of plasma vitamin C and erythrocyte SOD to the normal levels, but oxidant stress has not been completely overcome as plasma AOA remained low after treatment.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Complementary and alternative medicine
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<urn:uuid:dce395e9-a83f-47c9-82e9-9aca7d49ac0a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://manipal.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/lipid-peroxidation-erythrocyte-antioxidants-and-plasma-antioxidan
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ERIC Number: ED236392
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1983
Reference Count: 0
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Competency Based Vocational Education Drafting Program.
Mussnug, Kenneth J.; Craig, James R.
To evaluate the instructional effectiveness of the introductory portion of a modularized competency-based vocational education (CBVE) drafting program, achievement of students participating in this program were compared to students receiving traditional drafting instruction. Research participants were female and male juniors and seniors in their first year of drafting at one of six vocational schools in west central Kentucky. Fourteen instructional modules were used in the CBVE drafting instructional program. Two dependent variables were used in the analysis: the cognitive posttest of drafting knowledge and the psychomotor test of drafting abilities. The multiple regression analysis indicated significant effects due to teaching method for the total group. Analysis of the posttest scores supported the interpretation that good students appeared to do well regardless of the teaching methods used, whereas CBVE may have its most pronounced effects in lower ability students. The CBVE students displayed significantly higher achievement on the drafting posttest. The on and below the median group appeared to benefit most from the CBVE instruction. CBVE instruction appeared to have best addressed the correct line weights and visualization skills required to solve drafting problems. (YLB)
Publication Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
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It's been 100 years since first wave feminism, with all its flaws. 70.3% of us are in the workforce. As of the year 2013, 40% of us are the primary breadwinners for our families. Even if not all women identify as feminists, many of us are living out some of feminism' principles.
With mothers who work outside the home, cultural and societal shifts, and 25% of households headed by unmarried mothers, it baffles me that men of my generation and younger are still so lacking in basic respect for women and women's rights. We're raising them, right? So why aren't we doing better?
Take, for example, the Brock Turner debacle. I watched it unfold - or as much of it as I could stomach - and wondered, where's his mom? Most of us can probably recall his father's infamous comment about "twenty minutes of action," but I don't remember seeing her or hearing her speak at all. Were they divorced, or was his dad widowed? I could look it up for the purposes of writing this essay but the fact that I don't have any memories of her presence in the trial or its aftermath is, in itself, indicative. Whether still married and cowed by a man who would consider a brutal rape to be "action" or absent, I wonder what she felt looking at her son, knowing what he'd done. I wonder if she ever tried to teach him about consent and, if not, if she thinks she bears any responsibility for what happened.
I'm in my late thirties, and I don't remember hearing the term "rape culture" until the past five years or so. Even if my mother's generation didn't have a term for it, the basic concept of respect for another person's body and right to consent isn't new.
The day after the election an article of mine — How am I supposed to teach my son about consent now? — went up on Salon. The comments section was about what you'd expect. Liberal crybaby, mentions of Bill Clinton's past (he wasn't running for President!), and general snarkiness. I exercised the "block" option on twitter often that day. Every account I blocked had a user picture and pictures that indicated the owner was a white (probably straight) male. Who has a mom, possibly sisters, maybe a girlfriend, some women in his life who might likely chew him out for attacking random strangers on twitter, but might not. Many of them looked younger than me.
Every time I hit the "block" button, I wondered — what kind of person goes out of their way to track down a random stranger on twitter to berate them for their beliefs? Who has such a deep level of entitlement that they think that random stranger would give a fuck about their opinion of their parenting skills?
White, male privilege is alive and well. This may be a backlash, the pendulum swinging the other way before permanent societal change sets in. Let's hope so, and let's hope (and fight for it) to go in the right direction. The women who raised these men, and we still take on the majority of the child-rearing, somehow failed to teach them to respect the identified gender of the person caring for them. As well as courtesy, manners, grammar and spelling.
We need to do better.
Now, I'm not trying to pile more guilt on anyone. We're already making 79, 60 and 55 cents to the dollar compared with the men in our life, working full time and yet still, on average, doing an hour more of housework a day than a man, raising our children and fighting the patriarchy. There are nights when I consider the fact that my son didn't burn the house to the ground to be a win. And in straight households, I'd hold fathers accountable, too, for not teaching their sons these lessons. But I do think we should be consciously considering how to raise our boys to combat sexism. And, yes, I am in general speaking to the mothers of white boys because, let's face it — our sons will enjoy immense privilege and it's up to us to teach them to recognize and use that privilege for good.
It's tough to fight against the culture that surrounds our children. One time when I arrived to pick up my son, C, at daycare he and a little girl, Emma, were playing with blocks. "You need to pick those up before we leave," I told him.
"Oh, that's okay, Mommy. Emma can do it." He batted his eyelashes at her.
As his teacher, who knew me well, later put it, "I'm pretty sure you levitated across the room to save her from the internalized misogyny."
She'd already sweetly volunteered to clean them up. He'd assumed that she would. They were four. He has me for a mother and he still had picked up the idea that a girl would clean up after him. The battle of wills that resulted when I insisted he clean up his own mess was epic. But just because it's tough to fight against our culture doesn't mean we shouldn't try.
There are resources for teaching our boys about consent, articles with tips and how-tos, and we can start by modeling it for them. When we stand up for ourselves and demand respect — like the time I told my ex, "You may not speak to me this way," and walked out when he was in the middle of recounting my deficiencies — it sets an example of how women should be treated. Even if you don't have a child but have male children in your life, they're watching and learning. Did you compliment your nephew on how smart he was and your niece on the bow in her hair? Think about it.
There are going to be a lot of battles fought over the next four years. And some of us, particularly if we're in the trenches of raising young children, may not be able to attend every protest, sign every petition, or call every Senator. But what we can do is focus on raising the next generation of boys — and children in general — to understand that women are their equals. Deserving of respect. Human beings. If we bring about change one household at a time it might spread throughout our country. If the results of last election showed us nothing else, it's that we've got work to do.
Top photo: Vintage
More from BUST
Dena Landon is a single mom who eats raw cookie dough, passionately debates intersectional feminism and frequently tangles herself in yarn. Her work has appeared on xojane.com and in Dance Teacher and Dance Spirit magazines. Her first novel was published by Dutton Children's Publishing in 2005. She blogs at femmefeminism.com, and can be found on Instagram or Facebook.
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Land Arts of the American West
From TTU College of Architecture
Land Arts of the American West is a semester long transdisciplinary field program expanding the definition of land art through direct experience with the full range of human interventions in the landscape, from the inscriptions of pictographs and petrogylphs to the construction of roads, dwellings, and monuments, as well as traces of those actions. Land Arts investigates the intersection of geomorphology and human construction beginning with the land and extending through the complex social and ecological processes that produce contemporary landscapes.
Land Arts of the American West at Texas Tech is a “semester abroad in our own backyard” attracting architects, artists, and writers to camp for two months while traveling six-thousand miles overland to experience major land art monuments—Double Negative, Spiral Jetty, Sun Tunnels, The Lightning Field—while also visiting sites to expand our understanding of what land art might be. Our itinerary takes us from the pre-contact archeology at Chaco Canyon to infrastructure at Hoover Dam, from industry at the Bingham Canyon Mine to scientific exploration at the Very Large Array and military-industrial operations in the Great Salt Lake Desert.
To negotiate the multivalent meaning of these places and shed light on strategies to aid their comprehension the Land Arts program invites the wisdom of field guests—writers, artists and interpreters—to join specific portions of our journey. Over the years guests have included art historian Ann Reynolds, Center for Land Use Interpretation director Matt Coolidge, design/builder Jack Sanders, and writer Lucy Lippard among many others. As we travel students make their own work in the landscape to calibrate and test the expanding range of their understanding. The field season concludes when this work is exhibited on the Llano Estacado to the university community and beyond.
Land Arts situates our work within a continuous tradition of land-based operations that is thousands of years old. Analysis of sites visited provides a basis for dialog and invention. Issues of spatial and material vocabulary, constructional logics, and inhabitation serve as the foundation for an investigation through making. Students construct, detail, and document a series of site-base interventions in a context that places emphasis on processes of making, experiential forms of knowing, and transdisciplinary modes of practice. The immersive nature of how we experience the landscape triggers an amalgamated body of inquiry where students have the opportunity of time and space to develop authority in their work through direct action and reflection. Land Arts hinges on the primacy of first person experience and the realization that human-land relationships are rarely singular.
Over the program history visited sites include: in ARIZONA Chiricahua Mountains, Coconino Forest, Coolidge Dam, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Roden Crater by James Turrell, north rim of the Grand Canyon, and Wupatki. In MEXICO Juan Mata Ortiz in Chihuahua. In NEW MEXICO Bisti Badlands, Bosque del Apache, Cabinetlandia near Deming, Cebolla Canyon, Chaco Canyon, Gila Cliff Dwellings, Jackpile Mine at Laguna Pueblo, The Lightning Field by Walter di Maria, Mimbres River, New Mexico Mining Museum in Grants, Otero Mesa, Plains of San Agustin, Sawtooth Mountains, Turkey Creek and Very Large Array. In NEVADA Double Negative by Michael Heizer, Goshute Canyon, Hoover Dam, Lake Mead, and Las Vegas Piece by Walter di Maria. In UTAH Bingham Canyon Mine, Goblin Valley, Moon House, Muley Point, San Rafael Swell, Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson, Sun Tunnels by Nancy Holt, and the Wendover Complex of the Center for Land Use Interpretation. In TEXAS Boquillas Canyon, Adobe Alliance in Presidio, Judd Foundation, Chinati Foundation and El Cosmico in Marfa, Land Heritage Institute in San Antonio and the Rio Grande.
Over the program history field guests have included: artist Tori Arpad, artist Steve Badgett, artist Conrad Bakker, poet and translator Curtis Bauer, writer Charles Bowden, Land Heritage Institute member Penelope Boyer, art historian and archeologist Jerry Brody, architect Chris Calott, Center for Land Use Interpretation director Matthew Coolidge, LACMA Art Catalogs director Dagny Corcoran, museum director Gretchen Dietrich, artist Rick Dingus, Intrepid potash plant manager Russ Draper, filmmaker Sam Douglas, writer Craig Dworkin, artist Boyd Elder, architectural historian Clifton Ellis, architect Upe Flueckiger, Epicenter member Jack Forinash, author William L. Fox, geologist and Laguna Pueblo member Curtis Francisco, Acoma Pueblo member Mary Lewis Garcia, permaculturalist Joel Glanzberg, designer and builder David Gregor, artist Amy Hauft, museum director Irene Hofmann, artist Joan Jonas, Center for Land Use Interpretation member and author Erik Knutzen, artist Eve Andree Laramee, designer and builder Adrian Larriva, cultural critic and author Lucy Lippard, writer Barry Lopez, designer Jimmy Luu, potter Graciela Martinez and Hector Gallegos, artist Susannah Mira, architect Onézieme Mouton, change agent Andrea Nasher, artist Erika Osborne, art historian Monty Paret, poet John Poch, artist Rob Ray, artist Reinhard Reitzenstein, artist and curator Lea Rekow, art historian Ann Reynolds, artist Jack Risley, architect Lori Ryker, architect and builder Jack Sanders, curator and writer Ingrid Schaffner, wilderness advocate Michael Scialdone, Dia Foundation manager and author Kathleen Shields, laser scanning technician Chris Snowden, Chinati Foundation director Marianne Stockebrand, tracker John Stokes, artist and filmmaker Deborah Stratman, Adobe Alliance director Simone Swan, Epicenter member Maria Sykes, curator Whitney Tassie, artist and gallery director Richard Torchia, artist Mary Tsiongas, designer and builder Jose Villanueva, archeologist Henry Walt, architect Nichole Wiedemann, architect and river guide Blaine Young, and Isleta Pueblo member Joe Zuni.
Land Arts was founded in 2000 at the University of New Mexico by Bill Gilbert with the assistance of John Wenger. From 2001 to 2007 the program developed as a collaboration between Bill Gilbert and Chris Taylor, then at the University of Texas at Austin. Now Gilbert and Taylor operate the program autonomously at the University of New Mexico and Texas Tech University. In January of 2009 the Nevada Museum of Art announced the creation of the new Center for Art + Environment and the acquisition of the archive of Land Arts of the American West.
Operational and curricular material about Land Arts at Texas Tech can be found on this site with the program links below. The program archive and additional material can be found at http://landarts.org. Please contact Chris Taylor for any additional information.
In May 2011 a feature article was published in the New York Times about the program. Read it here: Land Arts of the American West, a Texas Tech Program.
In the fall of 2011 Sam Douglas began work on a new documentary film about Land Arts. Read more here: Moving Mountains (working title).
In February 2014 Chris Taylor talked about Land Arts at TEDxTexasTechUniversity. See video of the presentation on YouTube.
Texas Tech program links
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LENS ON LEBANON
From the group:
Lens on Lebanon is a grassroots documentary initiative formed in response to the devastating Israeli bombardment of 2006. As filmmakers, journalists, and activists from Lebanon, Europe, and North America, we are pooling our resources to deliver film and video equipment into communities in south Lebanon, and to bring out documentary evidence as well as photo narratives, and video diaries of daily life under siege. With its infrastructure destroyed, a burgeoning refugee crisis, and its towns and villages under continual bombardment, the south is becoming less accessible to journalists and – with U.N observers fleeing under Israeli fire in early August – increasingly isolated from the outside world. Lens on Lebanon is a non-partisan collective whose primary concern is to provide technical support to local communities under fire in order that they might document lived experience of the conflict on their own terms.
Lens on Lebanon is urgently seeking donations of small hand-held cameras, digital cameras and digital video tape stock, as well as the necessary accessories like battery chargers, memory sticks and firewire cables. Donations of money to cover the costs of transporting the equipment to the region, travel expenses for volunteers and overall maintenance expenses, can be made securely through PayPal on our support page.
Visit the site for some amazing postings, including transcripts of first-person interviews of Lebanese recounting their experiences during the war, some nuanced commentary and description of the current social and political reconstruction, and a video letter filmed during the war by a film and cinema collective which runs the yearly Ayam Beirut Al Cinema’iya Film Festival.
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Corporate Lab: An In-House Lab for Future GCs
One law school has developed an innovative way to help students gain experience in the business of law.
Baxter International, the global health care company based in Chicago, was feeling the economic pinch two years ago, and its legal department was looking for ways to cut costs. General counsel David Scharf found a unique answer: He turned several legal projects over to an innovative corporate lab at the University of Chicago Law School. And he's been delighted with the results.
Baxter's lawyers "coach" the students, often holding meetings with them in the company offices. "It's a win-win," Scharf says, explaining that the students receive real-world corporate legal experience while "we get outside law firm–quality projects done at no cost to us."
He says the law students have worked on about ten projects for Baxter, including pending ones. They range from exploring how a specific law applies to a certain company situation to helping Baxter set up a venture capital fund by examining other venture-type arrangements within the industry.
Microsoft Corporation was the first company to "employ" the corporate lab in 2009, but 11 other major companies have joined in. The lab was started by associate dean David Zarfes, with the help of lecturers Michael Bloom and Sean Kramer, who is also an associate at Kirkland & Ellis in Chicago.
Zarfes says he conceived the idea because "students in the classroom didn't know what I was talking about when I used everyday concepts in transactional law." Zarfes, a former general counsel at Paris-based Cap Gemini Ernst & Young, says the lab provides practical legal experience with global companies to some 70 second- and third-year law students. The students learn firsthand how to provide client services. "To my knowledge, we are the only law school in the country to have anything like this," Zarfes says.
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Military Training at Historically Black Colleges in the Jim Crow South
Publication Year: 2013
Published by: Louisiana State University Press
Title Page, Copyright, Dedication
In retrospect, I likely would have been a county agent working with farmers in Louisiana if I had not decided to enroll in Army Reserve Officer Training at Southern University. As a matter of fact, before I made up my mind to join the Army, I requested a deferment in January 1971 so I could apply to the Farmers Home Administration for a job processing loans for small farmers....
In 1941, Matthew Woodrick Trahan left Rayne, Louisiana, a small rural town in southwest Louisiana, and was inducted into the U.S. Army. Trahan, like most African Americans of the period, had few employment opportunities in the rural community from which he came. As a recent graduate of Armstrong High School, he worked as a general carpenter with his father constructing concrete and wooden structures. He was the oldest sibling in a...
Segregated Soldiers is about African American attitudes toward military service and how black higher education and military training programs worked in concert to advance the quest for citizenship rights. It also serves as the definitive history of military training programs at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The book is unique because
1. Men of Color to Arms: Military Training and Service at Black Colleges in the Late Nineteenth Century
Throughout American history, African Americans most diligently fought for the right to serve and fight in America’s armed forces. The historic connection between military service and citizenship is well documented and provides the foundation to the African American quest for civil rights and the social movement that followed. While military training and service are linked to the fight for freedom and social equality, they also reflect how...
2. We Are All Louisianians and by That Sign All Americans: Negro Defense Training, Leadership, and War Activities at Southern University during World War II
During World War II, African Americans made tremendous sacrifices in an effort to trade military service and wartime support for measurable social, political, and economic gains. As never before, local black communities throughout the nation participated in wartime programs and intensified their demands for social progress. The struggle for African American...
3. Soldiering for Uncle Sam: Military Training at Southern University during the Cold War, 1946–1960
In the post–World War II era, African Americans challenged racism and discrimination in pursuit of equal rights and better opportunities. World War II created improved social and political conditions for African Americans and provided political organizations considerable influence with the White House. In addition, the Cold War had tremendous implications for African Americans. American racism and discrimination became a source...
4. What the People Think: African American Attitudes toward Military Training and Service, 1950–1960
This passage from an American newspaper may sound typical of popular sentiment in 1950: America’s finest soldiers, under the capable leadership of a high-ranking officer, welcomed by grateful overseas residents. But it was not typical. The valiant doughboys in question, including Colonel Harry F. Lofton, were African Americans stationed in Gifu, Japan....
5. Our Uniform Hasn’t Lost Its Prestige with Our People: Military Training and Service on the Bluff, 1960–1967
Support for African American service in the armed forces persisted in the 1960s despite the upheavals of civil rights protests, the Black Power movement, and disillusionment with the war in Vietnam. Between 1960 and 1967 the civil rights thrust incorporated innovative tactics and a wider support base that included young African Americans, white Americans,...
6. Keep Our Black Warriors Out of the Draft: The Antiwar Movement at Southern University, 1968–1973
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the antiwar movement gained momentum and introduced a new wave of protests and demonstrations throughout the nation. Antiwar demonstrators clashed with law enforcement officials, university administrators, and working-class hawks. At many colleges and universities, military training programs were discontinued or in jeopardy of losing their appeal. Many individuals associated...
African American attitudes toward military service at historically black colleges and universities during the post–World War II era were reflective of attitudes in the black community. Military training and service were at the height of their popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s, but by the start of Nixon’s administration the civil rights movement, the Black Power movement, the war in Vietnam, and the antiwar movement influenced...
Page Count: 280
Publication Year: 2013
OCLC Number: 836406803
MUSE Marc Record: Download for Segregated Soldiers
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Sending files using messaging applications does not usually present problems if it is the usual types. Images, videos, Gifs … Even documents. This with WhatsApp, one of the most used, because Telegram allows any type of file. Although there is an application that facilitates the task in all the applications of messaging, WhatsApp included.
SendAnyFile is a simple application that allows you to send any file by WhatsApp doing a little trick: it changes the extension to .doc so that the application thinks it is a document. The process that makes the app is automated, both for sending and receiving: it saves the trouble of doing it manually and allows the transfer of unsupported files. It works very well.
Send files by WhatsApp without being limited to documents
This application may seem silly, but solves the ballot when, for example, you want to send an Apk to someone who only has WhatsApp and you do not feel like uploading it to Drive and then sharing the file. SendAnyFile works through the Android’s own share menu : choose the file and you’re done.
SendAnyFile disguises any document file based on changing the extension: in this way it is able to deceive WhatsApp. Then just open the false document with SendAnyFile and the recipient will have it intact and in its original format.
There are two different processes for transferring files via Send Any File.
From the WhatsApp Document Picker
- Enter the chat you want and click on add a document.
- Swipe the left panel, the “Open from” panel.
- Click on SendAnyFile and choose the file you want to send.
- The application will create a fake document. Choose it and WhatsApp will send the camouflaged file.
Using the Android Share menu
- Open your file explorer and select “Share” the one you want.
- Choose SendAnyFile.
- The application will camouflage the document and ask you which application you want to share it with.
- Select WhatsApp (or another) and then the recipient.
As we said, once the file camouflaged by SendAnyFile is in the recipient it will only have to open the false document with the same app. The file will remove the disguise so that it can be used intact on the recipient’s mobile phone.
SendAnyFile is a very simple application that is also useful. Resolves issues with WhatsApp users to share files other than text documents. That yes: the files can not weigh more than 100 MB (limit of WhatsApp) and both users must have installed SendAnyFile.
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There has been a lot of optimism returning to the energy markets of late as oil prices have climbed to the $50 a barrel region. Ironically, while a few years ago $50 a barrel would have been seen as an unthinkably low oil price, today it is regarded as much needed relief from prices that ran in the $25 a barrel region earlier this year. Yet with the climb in prices, analysts are now starting to forecast prices per barrel of as much as $80 in the next year. That view is not the mainstream though.
Instead most analysts are looking for oil prices to remain in the $50 range over the next year, and that has some investors forgetting about the possibility of a renewed downside in oil which could create more losses. In particular, noted economist Gary Shilling is out with a much discussed forecast that oil will retrace its losses and fall even further to between $10 and $20 per barrel. No one knows what the future will bring of course, but Shilling’s view is worth considering.
Broadly speaking, Shilling’s thesis has three points of note for investors. First, he points out that Saudi Arabia and more broadly OPEC, have lost any semblance of control that they once exercised over the markets. That’s unequivocally true. OPEC is no longer the swing producer of oil, and internal divisions within the cartel are so great that any kind of coordination among producers looks increasingly unlikely. That in turn makes coordination with outside producers like Russia out of the question. Rationally then, OPEC is likely to continue producing as much as they possible can. The constraint facing many OPEC nations is their ability to invest in new capex rather than internal OPEC dictates. Related: Is Russia Winning The Oil Export War Against The Saudis?
Second, Shilling sees U.S. producers as the new swing producers and says that production will continue as long as the price of oil remains above the marginal cost per barrel in U.S. shale formations. That marginal cost is between $10 and $20 a barrel excluding existing sunk costs like leases and drilling expenses.
Third, Shilling sees renewed global economic weakness from China and Japan to Europe failing to trigger much growth in oil demand. It’s particularly hard to argue with this tenet of the thesis. Global growth has consistently underperformed in recent years and it shows no signs of improving now. The Brexit situation combined with cratering growth rates in China are doing little to bolster confidence. Indeed for all of the concern about the U.S. economy as a whole, the U.S. is arguably the only country doing even reasonably well. Related: Oil Bust Continues To Take Its Toll On Canadian Economy
Yet for all of the negatives around oil, and it is easy to make a bear case, the economics of oil production still leave room for hope. Shilling is right that the U.S. is the key producer on the world stage today. U.S. producers are more volatile and financially weaker than other major producers. As much of a basket case as Iran and Venezuela are, both are far less likely to go bankrupt than most of the individual oil producing companies in the U.S.
The bull case for oil then rests on the frailty of U.S. producers and the speed of the decline curve in horizontally fracked wells. Fracked wells decline much faster in production terms than conventional wells do – about 70 percent of production falls off within two years. Thus shale producers have to keep drilling new wells just to maintain production.
At this stage and at prices below $40 a barrel, virtually no new drilling occurs. As a result, prices today may be artificially boosted by market speculation, but as long as they don’t go high enough to lead to significant new drilling, fundamentals will eventually catch up and production will fall dramatically. That in turn will support current prices and perhaps even higher prices in the future.
By Michael McDonald of Oilprice.com
More Top Reads From Oilprice.com:
- New Niger Delta Attack Claims Two Lives
- Consolidation In Libyan Oil – A Major Red Flag For Oil Markets?
- Gas Pump Skimming At New Records This Holiday Weekend
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Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park
7200 Paredes Line Rd.
Brownsville, TX 78526
Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park and the Historic Brownsville Museum, as part of Texas Archeology Month and the National Archeology Day, proudly present the 6th Annual Rio Grande Delta International Archeology Fair on Saturday October 13, 2012 from 10am to 3pm. This archeology fair is designed to provide the community with an opportunity to learn about the science of Archeology and the local archeological resources through displays, demonstrations, and activities with the intent of instilling a sense of shared stewardship and an appreciation for resource preservation. Over a dozen professional Archeologists from both the U.S. and Mexico will be participating in this year’s fair, along with other various museums, land management agencies, and organizations. The event is free and visitors who participate in activities or engage in demonstations or displays to learn about Battlefield Archeology, Historic Archeology, or Prehistoric Archeology will earn a stamp in their event "Passport booklet". The visitor can cancel their passport booklet to receive an event T-shirt or a children’s book on Archeology when they have earned at least six stamps.
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<urn:uuid:e9ca5af9-6430-4ad8-af5c-d71ae02c3230>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.archaeological.org/events/10356?page=3
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If you live in the Springs, you surely inhaled smoke early Friday morning as the result of the High Park fire that has burned 50,000 acres and displaced more than 3,000 people.
Today, a fire alert was issued for Colorado Springs residents, which will stay in effect until weather and fuel conditions show improvements. A number of burn restrictions and bans will apply during said time.
"We continually sample fuel moistures in the city and current conditions are very serious," said Christina Randall, Wildfire Mitigation Administrator for the Colorado Springs Fire Department, in a release. She noted that dry fuels and above normal temperatures have increased the fire risk.
Low precipitation is also to blame in the fire danger Colorado Springs is facing. The release adds that the city's vegetation is extremely dry. Trees and brush are at critically low moisture levels which make them vulnerable to an ignition.
Fire Marshal Brett Lacey called citizens to take extra precautions since “we are in the height of wildfire season.”
Since many people were displaced by the blaze up north, Care and Share Food Bank for Southern Colorado will conduct a food drive on Tuesday, June 19 at their warehouse located on Constitution Avenue, half a mile from Powers Boulevard at 2605 Preamble Point.
The food collected will immediately be sent to the Food Bank of Larimar County where more than 3,000 people are waiting for help.
Canned meals, boxed meals, canned meat, spaghetti sauce and noodles, peanut butter and jelly, and pet food will be accepted.
More circus act behavior from third-rate grifters elected by third-rate voters.
People of Colorado Springs: WAKE UP. CSF is NOT your friend and does not mean…
Cirque shows are amazing; we've seen two of them, they are part of the reason…
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<urn:uuid:2dc6cdbb-c9f4-4be4-b603-ba6e265d1c02>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.csindy.com/IndyBlog/archives/2012/06/15/fire-calls-for-caution-and-collections
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en
| 0.966892
| 372
| 1.804688
| 2
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Gunar Letzbor | Ars Antiqua Austria
Picturesque Kitzbühel has not only given the world skiers and mountain climbers – in 1665 the composer Benedikt Anton Aufschnaiter was born here, sadly now generally forgotten; he studied in Vienna and in 1705 assumed a post as Kapellmeister at the Prince-Archbishop’s court in Passau, where he died in 1742. In accordance with his post at a Catholic episcopal see, Aufschnaiter’s surviving works are primarily religious, among them a collection of eight four-part sonate di chiesa, “church sonatas” by the name of Dulcis Fidium Harmonia Op. 4. Aufschneiter dedicated each to one of the great saints and Church Fathers Gregory, Augustine, Jerome, Mark and John.
Gunar Letzbor, music director of the ensemble Ars Antiqua Austria, has made an intensive study of Aufschnaiter’s sonate di chiesa: “When I heard this composer’s music for the first time I was immediately bowled over with admiration. I was captivated mind and soul by this highly developed, autonomous musical idiom with pronounced Austrian colouring. Passion, joy, fear, despair, love, awe before God, tenderness …” For all the powers of emotional expression oriented towards transcendence, Aufschneiter also astonishes us through his skills in musical structure and his mastery in generating the most diverse sound colours. Gunar Letzbor asks himself: “Aufschnaiter a Catholic Bach? A bold question, but judge for yourself!”
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.bayreuthbaroque.de/events/2022-ars-antiqua-austria-en/
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en
| 0.93249
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| 1.695313
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Star Picture House
No one has favorited this theater yet
The Star Picture House was built on Ecclesall Road at the junction with William Street, to the south-west of Sheffield city centre. Building started before the commencement of the First World War but the cinema did not open until 22nd December 1915.
Brick built with imitation stone dressings to the doors, windows and pilasters, a feature of the building was an ornamental dome supported by nine columns on the right hand corner of the cinema. A series of Grecian urns ran along the top parapet of the building. The main entrance was to the left of the building which led into a long narrow foyer with mirrored walls and embossed ceiling. Doors on the right hand side led into the saloon (stalls) and two staircases led up to the balcony.
Total seating was for 1,028. The balcony front was decorated with laurel leaf mouldings and other ornamental features, while the 26 feet wide proscenium arch was of gilded lattice work of laurel branches and rosettes with a winged and helmeted head of Mercury in the centre at the top. The Star Picture House also contained a cafe and a billiard hall. The first proprietors of the Star Picture House were Premier Pictures Ltd., who were also associated with the Central Cinema on the Moor and the Abbeydale Cinema on Abbeydale Road. This association ceased in 1929. It was taken over by J.F. Emery Circuit in 1937 and they operated it until 1955.
Like several Sheffield cinemas, the Star Picture House received a hit on the first night of the blitz of the Second World War. The bomb did not explode but caused serious damage to the roof, projection room and other parts of the cinema, causing it to close until 6th October 1941. For safety reasons the ornamental tower and Grecian urns on the outside were removed. The stalls and circle were not fully restored until 1955 when the cinema was taken over by the Star Cinemas chain, based in Leeds.
In 1962, after only two trial sessions of bingo, Star Picture House closed the Star Cinema on Wednesday 17th January with “Voyage To The Bottom Of The Sea” & “Dossier” and reopened as the Star casino on full time bingo. This lasted until 1984 when the bingo club closed. The Star Cinema was demolished in 1986 and a petrol station was built on the site.
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater
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<urn:uuid:cb793d41-c004-43e4-a1ce-1a227e6bfd8f>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/25762
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en
| 0.970983
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'Born Independent,' Taiwan's Defiant New Generation Is Coming Of Age
It was on a family trip to Japan when Jui-Ting Hsi's patience with her father Kuo-Jen Hsi reached its limit.
The family, on vacation from Taiwan, had filed into a characteristically silent and crowded subway car in Tokyo when the family patriarch began speaking loudly, attracting a few glances from other passengers.
Jui, 26, waited until they exited a station in downtown Tokyo to scold him. "I just told him, 'you have to respect their culture. You don't talk out loud in the metro and that's their culture,' " Jui remembers telling her father. "And he's like: 'Oh, but we're Chinese! We don't care about that.' I said 'No! You're Chinese!' And then we started to fight and everything."
There they were, father and daughter, screaming at each other along a crowded street in Japan over whether they were Chinese or Taiwanese.
Their tiff gets to the heart of what it means to be Taiwanese, where concepts like "country" and "culture" can be trigger words. The island, once known as Formosa, was inhabited by aboriginal Taiwanese before the 17th century, when the Dutch, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese all took turns controlling it. In 1945, China regained control of Taiwan after Japan's surrender in World War II.
But in 1949, the U.S.-supported Chinese nationalist leadership fled to Taiwan after losing a civil war to Mao Zedong's communist forces. More than a million mainlanders escaped to the island too. Today, surviving exiles and their children, plus over a dozen different aboriginal groups, make up the island's more than 23 million people.
But even though Taiwan has its own democratically elected government, its own military and its own flag, China's government regards it as part of China and has persuaded most other countries to do the same.
Many people in 65-year-old Guo-Ren Hsi's generation see themselves as exiles on this island 100 miles off China's southeastern coast. Yet the children of his generation identify the place not merely as a refuge but as home — a democratic, free society independent from China.
"I was told at school I'm Chinese. Young people are told they're Taiwanese," explains Hsi, a retired architect. "Their education tells them to be wary of China, that the country's backwards and disorderly and that it threatens us. But we are all Chinese by blood. However, we taught our daughter to be whoever she wants to be."
He says his daughter is what the Taiwanese call "born independent."
"Young people have strong Taiwanese identity," says Szu-Chien Hsu, who runs the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. "If you ask them if you're Taiwanese or Chinese or both, almost 90 percent of them would say we are Taiwanese."
In a survey Hsu's foundation conducted last fall, 70 percent of young people in Taiwan said they would fight if China's military invaded their island, which China has threatened to do if Taiwan's government formally declares independence. That said, most of the population does not advocate declaring independence from China, according to Hsu: "The overwhelming majority of people in Taiwan prefers to maintain the status quo."
'Ignored too long'
But more and more young Taiwanese are becoming uncomfortable with the status quo of avoiding formal independence from China, and they're voting for politicians who feel the same way.
Lim, who named himself after popular horror film slasher Freddy Krueger, is the lead singer for Chthonic, Taiwan's most popular metal band. He says his path from a musician who made albums like "Satan's Horns" to becoming one of the island's most well-known parliamentarians was straightforward.
He first became politically involved in 2010, as the local head of the rights group Amnesty International in Taiwan. Then, in 2014, when Taiwan's then-ruling Kuomintang party attempted to rush a trade pact with China through parliament, Lim was among hundreds of young protesters who occupied Taipei's legislative chambers. For nearly a month, thousands of supporters took to the streets, and Lim soon was one of the leaders of what became known as the Sunflower Movement, a popular stand against China's influence over Taiwan that revealed a widening generational gap in how Taiwanese see China's claim over their island.
"A lot of young Taiwanese see Taiwan as a country, a different perspective from their parents," says Lim in his legislative chambers. "They were born in a democratic, free society, and China is a threat to us."
Lim says young Taiwanese are tired of their country not being recognized by other nations like the U.S. and international organizations like the United Nations simply because of a need to please China.
One of Chtonic's songs, " UNLimited Taiwan" channels this frustration with blazing fast percussion, raging guitar, and Lim's guttural screams:
We have the land, the strength, the power
Rise up, overcome, take it over
Ignored too long we become stronger
Tear down the walls and let us run over.
Energized by the Sunflower Movement, Lim started the New Power Party, ran for office in 2016, and won. Inside his legislative office, he opts for a suit instead of heavy metal face paint and a leather studded jacket, and his long black hair is subdued into a ponytail.
"I hope our party will inspire more young people to join politics, turning their vision of our country into real policies," says Lim. "Senior politicians need to realize that we are Taiwan's future."
'They've already bought us'
Back at the Hsi household, Jui, the daughter, says she would die defending Taiwan from China. Her father has a more favorable view of China. But her younger brother, 23-year-old Chen-Chun Hsi, seems to be in the middle, personifying the "status quo" majority Hsu has identified in his surveys.
The younger Hsi is less worried about China's political influence than its economic influence. "If we unify with China, their money comes in, and it'll be hard to live here," he complains. "They're richer than us. We'll be priced out of our own home."
He says Taipei, a relatively affordable metropolis, would become an expensive world city like Hong Kong. Hsi complains that China already exerts considerable control over Taiwan's economy. "They don't need to take us over by force," he says. "They've already bought us."
In his office, Lim sits in front of a floor-to-ceiling mural of Dalai Lama, the exiled Tibetan Buddhist leader whom Lim describes as a mentor. He channels the spiritual leader's optimism as he ponders the threat of a rising China over Taiwan in the coming decades.
"No one can predict what will happen," Lim says. "Nobody expected Trump would win. Nobody expected North and South Korea would sign a peace treaty. So we really don't know what China will do, either."
Lim says each time he runs up against a challenge as a legislator, he thinks of the Dalai Lama's plight — a leader forced into exile for 60 years — and he takes a deep breath, reminding himself that Taiwan's problems with China seem trivial in comparison.
And if that doesn't work, he screams into a microphone.
NPR News Assistant Yuhan Xu contributed research to this report.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.
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<urn:uuid:a1dde741-7066-4ebf-87e0-2ae102a94e05>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.kcur.org/2018-07-03/born-independent-taiwans-defiant-new-generation-is-coming-of-age
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en
| 0.978069
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|
The University of Rochester
The University of Rochester has long been a leader in the study of the image. Rochester was one of the first programs in the country to offer a Ph.D. in visual and cultural studies (1989), making it a pioneer in the now established and thriving field of visual culture. Rochester Ph.D. recipients in the field have gone on to become leading experts in new media, photographic studies, and a wide variety of specializations across the domain of visual studies.
Founded in 1850, the University of Rochester is among the country’s top-tier research universities, ranking in the Top 15, when normalized for size, with respect to dollars committed for research through federal, state, and foundational sources.
A private, coeducational, nonsectarian institution, UR is among the smallest of the 62 members of the prestigious Association of American Universities (AAU), and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and the New York State Board of Regents. It offers its students both the diverse array of intellectual assets of a major research university and the personalized attention usually found only at a great liberal arts college.
For more facts and figures about the University, visit rochester.edu/aboutus.
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<urn:uuid:e3045aab-208c-4464-9cbc-25917887652c>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://rochester.edu/college/ppcm/collaboration/ur.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00402-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.931747
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Prince Joshua (P.J.) Avitto and Mikayla Capers should be playing right now, enjoying the warm June weather, without a care in the world. At the tender ages of six and seven, they deserve the same boundless hopes and dreams we wish for all children, with a long life full of potential and free from harm. Instead, P.J. is dead from fatal stab wounds, and Mikayla remains in critical condition in a hospital, fighting for her life.
The attack on these children in an elevator of their public housing complex is an unthinkable crime, and the pain and anguish of their family is unimaginable. As we mourn the loss of young P.J. and pray for Mikayla’s recovery, we owe it to them—as well as to their family and neighbors who live in New York City’s public housing—to avoid rushing to quick or incomplete fixes that will not adequately address the range of problems affecting the security of their homes.
For years, public housing residents have complained about broken locks and damaged intercom systems that fail to secure the entryways of their apartment buildings. And several buildings, including P.J. and Mikayla’s, do not have security cameras despite the City Council’s allocation of tens of millions of dollars specifically for that purpose. Thus, while such cameras are ubiquitous throughout New York City’s tourist destinations and private residential buildings, there were no cameras in the elevator where the children were attacked. Functioning locks, working intercom systems, and well-lit common areas are the bare minimum that public housing residents need to keep their homes safe from potential wrongdoers. Yet, such minimal security measures have been pushed aside as public housing buildings fall further into disrepair.
Police play a critical role in ensuring the safety of public housing, but their presence alone is not a solution. Indeed, in another recent tragedy, 16-year-old LaQuan Nelson was fatally shot near his public housing apartment just 100 yards from the 88th Precinct. And, unfortunately, past experiences have raised concerns about how police treat the residents they are supposed to serve. Public housing residents, many living in the same place their whole lives, have been falsely accused of trespassing by the police for doing nothing more than walking to or from their apartments. Children as young as eight years old have been stopped and asked for identification. Some residents have even been arrested for trespassing in their own homes. These risks extend to family and friends, to the point where people have been arrested for trespassing when bringing food to a sick loved one.
Instead of focusing their efforts on identifying and apprehending actual criminals, police in public housing have too often criminalized the innocent, breeding distrust and preventing the necessary cooperation to do their jobs effectively. It is no coincidence that almost 90 percent of the public housing population consists of blacks and Latinos, who also make up 84 percent of all people stopped by police. When controlling for crime, police officers make more stops—thus more stops of innocent people—in public housing than the surrounding areas before making an arrest for weapons, drugs, or violent crime offenses. On too many occasions, blacks and Latinos in public housing are seen first as potential criminals, rather than residents or guests.
More than 175,000 families live in over 2,500 public residential buildings throughout New York City. The vast majority are hard-working, law-abiding people, doing the best they can in an increasingly unaffordable city. Just like more affluent apartment buildings, these residences vary significantly in size and population, as well as crime rates. And, like their more affluent counterparts, public housing residents should not have to choose between their rights and their safety at home.
As the eyes and ears in their neighborhood, public housing residents can and should play an important role in securing their communities. That is why police must meaningfully partner with them to jointly devise safety plans that address the unique and specific circumstances of particular buildings or housing developments. The third partner is the New York City Housing Authority, which must maintain the security and integrity of its buildings, so that police involvement becomes a last resort.
There is no question that P.J. and Mikayla—and anyone else living in public housing—deserve the same safety and security as all New York City residents. One’s safety, as well as one’s rights, should not be contingent on income or zip code; they should both be guaranteed to all.
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<urn:uuid:4bfac1f4-5a89-499b-b461-86970ffa3b2c>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://citylimits.org/2014/06/13/nycha-safety-depends-on-more-than-cops-or-cameras/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.974034
| 914
| 1.84375
| 2
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Setting up a Website
|09/02/2022 - Spring term||Wednesday||7 - 9pm||3 weeks||£30|
Ever wanted to create a website for your personal or your business use. The course aims to use online web building websites which allow you to create and host your website for free. By editing their templates and adding your own content you make a site unique to you.
You will plan, create and set up a website using free online web builder. The templates provided will be adapted and updated to contain your contents. The course also includes online safety, creating strong passwords, how to prepare images and how to register your site with search engines.
Learn how to add pages to the site and edit their contents. Prepare photos, graphics/images for internet use. Include links to pages on your own site and external sites. Register your site with Google and Bing search engines. Identify keywords to get people’s attention when they are searching the internet.
Pen and paper.
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<urn:uuid:b4b47daa-f536-4207-985a-55f473105e66>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.thedormstoncentre.co.uk/course/setting-up-a-website
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en
| 0.850345
| 228
| 2.0625
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India, Bristol, E-Car Club, Fred Meyer.
Leading by example: Government officials in India might soon drive only electric. A proposal by the Department of Heavy Industries for a pilot project will see ministries buy and hire electric vehicles and will first kick off in Delhi. The state will also cover costs that exceed those of petrol- or diesel-powered vehicles.
Hybrid buses in Bristol: Two hybrid buses will go into service in the British city, only one year after Bristol won a 1m pound grant by the UK government. The buses switch into electric mode via geo fencing GPS technology in areas with heavy air pollution, while the diesel engine only serves to charge the batteries in areas with better air quality.
East London electric: The E-Car Club has set up shop in Bow and Poplar, close to London’s financial centre Canary Wharf. The Renault Zoe and Fluence can be hired for 5.50 GBP an hour.
ICEing prohibited: Anti-ICEing laws has gone into effect in both Oregon and Illinois. In the latter U.S. state, combustion engine cars blocking a charge spot can be fined up to 100 dollars and may be towed. Oregon charges non-chargers a maximum of 250 dollars.
Shop & Charge: Fred Meyer stores in Oregon are setting up a chain of fast-charging CCS stations. Pricing currently stands at 0.15 dollars per kWh, meaning a BMW i3 could be charged up to 80 percent for less than three dollars and in under 45 minutes.
Delhi, E-Car Club, Dubai, SPIE & IBM, La Poste, Renault, Symbio FCell.
Delhi bets on e-bikes: Hero Electric is currently in talks with the Delhi government in order to offer 20 e-bikes at every metro station in the city. Moreover, manufacturer Ampere Vehicles will provide 50 e-bikes to a pizza delivery service in Delhi. The government will help fund the batteries and plans similar projects in the cities of Agra, Haridwar, Bangalore and Hyderabad.
E-Car Club expands: The UK’s all-electric car club wants to have more than 100 EVs available for hire soon. E-car club is poised to quadruple its fleet from 15 to 60 EVs and expects a further 50 to be deployed over the next six months across its locations in London, the South East, and the Midlands.
Dubai charges up: The United Arab Emirates’ biggest city kicks off construction of its charging infrastructure at the headquarters of Dubai Water and Electric Authority (Dewa). A total of 100 stations will be installed by April. Renault has already sold 75 Twizy there and plans to offer its Zoe soon as well.
Charging cooperation in France: SPIE, an installation and maintenance specialist for EV charging stations, joins forces with IBM to offer a comprehensive installation, operation and management service for charging stations in France. The stations will be managed via IBM’s Electric Vehicle Enabled Platform (EVEP), which will forward statistics about usage and service requests to operators.
Double the range: The French postal service will test the Maxity Electric by Renault Trucks for one year. It is fitted with fuel cell technology by Symbio FCell, which serves as a range extender. That allows the truck to go around 200 kilometres on one charge – doubling its usual range.
E-Car club, Vukee, Alpiq InTec, Norway, Lidl.
Cash for cars: UK carsharing service E-Car club received 500,000 pounds (837,000 dollars) of funding, allowing it to expand its fleet from currently 20 EVs to more than 100 over the course of 2014 and 2015. The fleet currently features the Renault Zoe and Fluence, as well as the Nissan Leaf.
Tesla to share: Palo Alto, California-based company Vukee will add 25 Model S to its carsharing offer. Electricity and insurance are included in the rental fee. And for a small donation, the company will even add your name to the hood of one the all-electric sports cars.
New to the fleet: Over the next two years, Swiss company Alpiq InTec will replace 12 percent of its current fleet (700 vehicles) with EVs. Among the newcomers will also be the BMW i3.
Market niche? Only one percent of bicycles in Norway are electric. Despite the fact that electric two-wheeler would make it much easier to conquer the hilly countryside, manufactures are not pushing sales hard enough.
German supermarket electrified: Lidl, a discount supermarket chain, added four electric Smarts to its fleet. They will be used for trips between company locations in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
stimme.de (in German)
Virginia, Charge Your Car, E-car club, Cargohopper.
Virginia’s hybrid vehicle tax: The state of Virginia is finally making sense and scrapping the hybrid vehicle tax it had originally introduced for making up for the state’s gas tax shortfall. It turns out that the shortfall is not caused by fuel efficient cars but simply because Virginia has failed to raise gas taxes since 1986.
Charge Your Car before Tuesday: Because Charge Your Car (CYC), one of the largest networks of charging stations in the UK will undergo “vital system maintenance”, some EV drivers might not be able to charge their cars on Tuesday night.
E-car club: The University of Hertfordshire became the first university in the UK to launch their own electric car-sharing scheme. The two Renault Zoe and one Fluence Z.E. are part of the British E-Car Club and are open to anyone and not just members of the university.
Small electric lorry: The Dutch Cargohopper is getting more and more popular in the Netherlands. After Utrecht and Enschede, it is time for Amsterdam to adopt four of these small electric lorries, which have a cargo space comparable to that of 7.5 tonners.
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<urn:uuid:5fc41957-af5d-428d-b28a-039e2afa4418>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.electrive.com/tag/e-car-club/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00277.warc.gz
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en
| 0.931667
| 1,398
| 1.710938
| 2
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||Analysis of Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Red Mud Filled Polyester Composites using the Taguchi Method|
|Citation:||Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, (Accepted Version)|
|Abstract:||Red mud is an industrial waste generated during the production of alumina by Bayer's process. Using this red mud as the filler, particulate reinforced polyester composites have been prepared and their dry sliding wear behavior has been studied experimentally. For this a standard pin-on-disc test set-up and Taguchi's orthogonal arrays were used. Taguchi's experimental design method eliminates the need for repeated experiments and thus saves time, materials, and cost. It identifies the significant control factors and their interactions predominantly influencing the wear rate. From the experimental findings, an optimal combination of control factors was obtained on the basis of which a predictive model was proposed. This model was validated by performing a confirmation experiment with an arbitrarily chosen set of factor combinations. Finally, the optimal factor settings for minimum wear rate under specified experimental conditions have been determined using a genetic algorithm.|
|Description:||Copyright for the published version belongs to Sage|
|Appears in Collections:||Journal Articles|
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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<urn:uuid:81f7fce6-09ea-40e7-9ac6-0fb0da611896>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://dspace.nitrkl.ac.in/dspace/handle/2080/738
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00084-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.889048
| 283
| 1.867188
| 2
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ERIC Number: ED364429
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1993-Oct
Reference Count: N/A
Reform up Close: An Analysis of High School Mathematics and Science Classrooms. Final Report.
Porter, Andrew C.; And Others
This book presents a study of high school mathematics and science in six states, 12 districts, and 18 schools. The study is an effort to document state, district, and school policy and practices and the enacted curriculum as provided by teachers and experienced by students. The data consist of daily records of instructional practices for 62 teachers, 116 observations of 75 teachers, 81 teacher interviews, 312 teacher questionnaires, 76 school administrator interviews, 44 district administrator interviews, and 18 interviews of education agency administrators. Among the conclusions are that the study took place in a time of great transition, many state and district policies are weak but they can have strong effects, and textbooks and tests are important instructional resources that can and often do influence the nature of high school mathematics and science instruction. (PR)
Descriptors: Board of Education Policy, Classroom Research, Curriculum Research, Educational Change, Educational Policy, Educational Research, Educational Resources, High Schools, Mathematics Instruction, School Policy, Science Curriculum, Science Instruction, Science Teachers, Secondary School Mathematics, Secondary School Science, Tests, Textbooks
Wisconsin Center for Education Research, School of Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Publication Type: Reports - Research; Tests/Questionnaires
Education Level: N/A
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Authoring Institution: Consortium for Policy Research in Education, New Brunswick, NJ.
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Your three year old is seen by you as someone else. You are very angry at this person, and project it onto your son. I would look carefully at the circumstance of his birth when you were nineteen, and your relationship to the father, or to the family or friends at that time that didn't support you, or pushed you into some corner you couldn't get out of. The fact that he is a boy, suggests that the person you are angry at is male......this is a good time to talk to a counselor and sort this out. It could change your whole life, and your relationship to your son.
I think if i have this right by reading this he looks like his father to much and you cant stand it just remember that he looks like you to. If im right i understand where you are coming from my oldest looks like his dad so much that he was hard to have him by me cause it reminded me what his father did to me and i looked at it like this its not his fault and never will be and he is apart of me and i stoped looking at him as his father
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If you have any interest in the aviation aspect of the war, Air Force Magazine, published by the Air Force Association, has a great resource for you. They now provide online over two dozen articles that they have published over the years on WWI aviation. Here's a selection from the article the magazine presented on the contribution's of legendary New York mayor Fiorello La Guardia, who has both an airport and a Broadway musical named for him.
|La Guardia in Flying Gear|
In 1918, Fiorello La Guardia was, concurrently, a member of Congress and a captain on active duty with the Army Air Service in charge of American airmen on the Italian Front in World War I. He flew five combat missions himself, during his time in Italy. In between his military duties, he made speeches and had dinner with King Victor Emmanuel III. He constantly upset army bureaucrats on behalf of his airmen and more often than not, he prevailed. It seems unlikely that anyone other than La Guardia could have done it.
Fiorello (“Little Flower” in Italian) was born in 1882 in Greenwich Village in Manhattan. His father, a recent immigrant from Foggia in Italy, was a musician. He joined the army as a band leader when Fiorello was a few months old. Fiorello grew up on army posts, mainly Ft. Huachuca and Whipple Barracks in Arizona. When his father retired, the family moved to Trieste, where his mother had been born. Young La Guardia entered U.S. consular service in Europe and returned to the United States in 1906 to work as an interpreter at Ellis Island by day and attend New York University School of Law by night. He eventually became deputy attorney general for the state, assigned to the New York City bureau.
In 1915, “having convinced myself that we were going to get into the war, I decided that I wanted to go into our Air Corps,” La Guardia said. A friend, Sicilian immigrant Giuseppe Bellanca, ran a small flying school at Mineola, Long Island. The trainer aircraft was a light Blériot monoplane with a three-cylinder engine. It was a single-seater, so the student was alone in the aircraft.
Training began with “grass cutting” runs of about a mile and a half on the ground. The student then got out, turned the plane around, and taxied back. Once the student was able to keep the machine straight, La Guardia said, “the next step was a straightaway hop on the same course. We would lift the machine about 15 to 100 feet in the air and then land. This simple instruction went on for quite a while before we were allowed to circle the field.”
La Guardia was elected to Congress in 1916. He introduced a bill to make the fraudulent sale of war materials a felony punishable by imprisonment in peacetime and by death in time of war. It never got out of the Judiciary Committee.
When the United States entered the war, La Guardia supported the administration’s request for a military draft. “I had told the young men in my district that if I should vote for putting them into the Army, I would go myself, and personally I was eager to get into action,” La Guardia said. “I was 34 years old, physically fit, but too short to become a foot soldier. Whatever further war measures might be needed could easily pass the House without my vote. So I was ready to go to the front and determined to do so.” In July 1917 he applied for a direct commission.
He saw no reason to resign from Congress. Some members who joined the military did resign their seats; others did not. “I felt it would be good for Congress and good for the Army to have some of us serving abroad,” La Guardia said.
As he told the story in his memoirs, he put nothing on his application blank to indicate he was a member of Congress. The officer who interviewed him was “impressed by the fact that I had some little flying training,” he said, and offered him a commission as a lieutenant. A few days later, he reported to the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps and was taken to see Maj. Benjamin Foulois, soon to be chief of air service for the American Expeditionary Force.
Foulois “asked me if I was related to Congressman La Guardia,” he said. “I asked him if that would make any difference one way or the other. "No, not at all," he said.”
|La Guardia and Italian Aircraft Designer Giovanni Caproni|
Foulois knew, of course, exactly who La Guardia was. A contingent of 150 aviation cadets was to be sent to Italy for pilot training. The United States had only 26 pilots and a few military airfields. Most training had to be done abroad, in France, Britain, and Italy. By amazing coincidence, the site chosen for training in Italy was Foggia, which was La Guardia’s father’s hometown.
La Guardia was assigned to Mineola, where the cadets were being assembled for overseas deployment. He was promoted to captain and assistant to the contingent commander.
One of La Guardia’s first tasks in Mineola was to make travel arrangements. The War Department order specified use of “any passenger liner sailing from the port of New York.” La Guardia booked 156 first class passages on the Cunard liner SS Carmania. He took the position that he had helped shape the law that created the cadets and knew that the intent of Congress was to provide them first-class passage. The ship left New York on 11 September.
“Our boys soon took over the ship and were running all over the decks,” La Guardia said. The colonel in command of all Army personnel aboard was furious and ordered the cadets sent down to steerage because they were not yet officers. Fiorello took exception, arguing that they had first class tickets and the status of commissioned officers.
“It came out that I was a member of Congress,” he said. The colonel continued to fume, but “we managed to win the argument,” La Guardia said.
When the ship docked in Liverpool, there was a change of plans. The cadets were sent to British flying schools, and La Guardia went to Paris, where he met a different group of 125 cadets and took them by train to Foggia, about 150 miles southeast of Rome. La Guardia’s detachment arrived on 17 October. Forty-six American cadets were already there, under command of Maj. William Ord Ryan and training as pilots on Farman biplane pushers. La Guardia was the second-ranking American officer at Foggia.
Continue reading the full article about La Guardia's service in Italy and access the full WWI collection of Air Force Magazine here:
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Hot Topic for Administrators: Discipline, Discipline, Discipline
Ask school administrators what's on their minds, and they will more than likely talk about what seems to be a thriving breed: disruptive students.
Last week's annual meeting of the National Association of Secondary School Principals teemed with discussions on student discipline and school safety--themes that carried over from last year's conference.
That's not to say that many of the 6,000 administrators here were not discussing instruction, standards, and scheduling. They were, but in fewer numbers and a little more quietly.
At one session on urban schools, principals split into groups to talk about bilingual education, health clinics, and school-to-work programs, among other issues.
While three or four principals wandered to most of the groups, about a dozen gathered in a circle for a lively discussion entitled "From Disruption to Instruction." Some participants related their successes with unorthodox approaches to handling disruptive students.
One administrator, for example, had persuaded teachers to volunteer time on Saturdays to give troubled students some extra help. Another had separated the boys and girls in his school--a strategy that eliminated the "he said, she said" fights that created classroom chaos.
Later, another group of administrators made it clear that such problems are not confined to big-city schools. Whether they work in rural Indiana or downtown Los Angeles, most said they spend too much time playing hall monitor.
An assistant principal at a Wisconsin junior high said he breaks up dozens of fights a week. The day before the meeting, he said, he had to hold down an unruly student until reinforcements arrived.
Though relieved to have a couple days off, he said he planned to cut the last day of the meeting to return to work.
Job demands may be piling up for administrators, but their pay is not keeping pace with the workload in some schools, N.A.S.S.P. officials said last week.
The association released its national survey on pay during the meeting. It found that high school principals' salaries increased by about 2.5 percent between 1993-94 and the current school year.
The average salary was about $66,000, the survey said. The top breadwinner earned more than $107,000 a year, while the lowest-paid principal received $26,000.
"Frankly, the highest-paid principals are doing well," Paul Hersey, the association's director of professional assistance, said. "But salaries at the other end of the range are a national disgrace."
Administrators in elementary, junior high, and middle schools made slightly more substantial gains during the past year, according to the study, based on data collected by the Education Research Service.Elementary school principals, for example, earned about 3 percent more this year.
The N.A.S.S.P. and the Community of Caring announced that they will team up to help schools and families coping with teenage pregnancy, drug abuse, alcoholism, and dropouts.
The Community of Caring, created by the Washington-based Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation, promotes teaching basic values to students. Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the president of the program, said the project also aims to increase community and family involvement in schools.
The approach is already used in about 150 schools. Now, the principals' association will distribute the group's materials to its members and let schools know about training programs for teachers and others.
"Working together, all members of the school community...discover that fundamental values are part of everything they do," added Ms. Shriver, who also endorses community-service requirements for students.
Character education and service learning were popular topics throughout the meeting here. A number of sessions focused on using service projects or other lessons to teach about values. Attempts to do so have been controversial in some schools, but many principals said they believed it was necessary.
A debate here on school privatization was surprisingly polite, given the high-pitched arguments being made by educators and policymakers on both sides of the issue.
On the "pro" side was David Bennett, the president of Education Alternatives Inc., a Minneapolis-based company that recently won a contract to run the Hartford public schools. Daniel Tanner, an education professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey, made the case for keeping private concerns out of public education.
Mr. Bennett said his company, which also runs several schools in Baltimore, invests large sums of its own money in the schools it manages, providing computers and other materials that districts are hard-pressed to buy for themselves.
But Mr. Tanner claimed that E.A.I. and its competitors encourage "teaching to the test," since companies often cite gains in standardized-test scores as proof of their success.
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CD40 ligand blockade
- Frances Williams1
© Current Science Ltd 2000
Published: 21 February 2000
Much may be learnt about the suppression of autoimmunity using animal models of transplantation. The interaction between CD40 on B cells and CD40 ligand expressed predominantly by activated CD4+ T cells plays an important role in the development of the humoral immune response and the induction of peripheral tolerance. Monoclonal antibodies against CD4 and CD8 have been shown to induce CD4-regulated tolerance of mismatched transplanted tissues in rodents. These regulatory CD4+ cells also prevent the rejection of grafts, which co-express the antigens to which tolerance has been induced along with third party antigens. This phenomenon is known as linked suppression. The CD40/CD40L interaction is also an attractive target for immunotherapy, with the objective of inducing transplantation tolerance or the control of autoimmunity. To investigate whether nonlytic mAbs against CD40L induce tolerance to minor alloantigens in murine skin grafts, and whether linked suppression occurs in this system.
CBA/Ca mice treated perioperatively with MR1 demonstrated significant delay in graft rejection, but did not exhibit tolerance. This raised several questions. Were some cells involved in rejection not inhibited by anti-CD40L mAbs? Was the effect of MR1 temporary? Or was it permanent but new thymic emigres were becoming competent to reject? This led to the use of thymectomized mice in the study. These showed indefinite graft acceptance with MR1, but only following CD8+ T cell depletion. Thymectomized, CD4+ T cell depleted mice treated with MR1 showed delayed rejection (but not indefinite survival as in the athymic CD8+ T cell depleted animals). Tolerance was also induced in euthymic mice if MR1 was combined with anti-CD8 mAb. Studies of athymic, CD8+-cell-depleted CBA/Ca mice, treated with MR1 and first transplanted with B10.BR, showed subsequent long term acceptance of (AKR x B10.BR)F1 grafts but rapid rejection of (AKR x CBA/Ca)F1 grafts, showing that MR1-induced antigen-specific tolerance exhibited a dominant regulatory phenotype.
CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions play a critical role in regulating T-cell-dependent humoral immunity, the threshold for negative selection in the thymus and the induction of peripheral tolerance. Interruption of CD40/CD40L interaction in the periphery should increase the threshold for T cell and B cell activation, thereby decreasing autoreactivity or inducing transplantation tolerance. Clinical trials of anti-CD40L monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are already in progress for active lupus. This study cautions that antibodies to CD40L alone may be insufficient to induce lasting tolerance, and that CD8+ T cell depletion is required. While this is true for alloantigens on a skin graft, it is possible that anti-CD40L mAb (MR1) or a different anti-CD40L antibody may successfully induce tolerance to the nuclear and cytoplasmic components that are prominent B cell autoantigens in lupus.
MR1 or placebo was administered perioperatively to CBA/Ca mice transplanted with multiple minor mismatched skin from B10.BR mice and the time to graft rejection measured. To investigate whether MR1 could induce tolerance in CD4+ T cells, CBA/Ca mice were thymectomized and depleted of CD8+ T cells. MR1, anti-CD4 mAb or no mAb was given perioperatively and B10.BR tailskin transplanted. After 70 days animals were rechallenged with a fresh graft. Further experiments to investigate the role of CD8 in rejection involved depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in thymectomized CBA/Ca mice transplanted with B10.BR tailskin (half these mice were treated with MR1 as well). Seventy days after transplanting B10.BR tailskin, mice were rechallenged with a fresh B10.BR graft and a third party BALB/c graft. Finally, the development of linked suppression was assessed using athymic, CD8+-cell-depleted CBA/Ca mice transplanted with B10.BR under cover of MR1. They then received second grafts of (AKR x B10.BR)F1 + CBA/Ca tailskin or (AKR x CBA/Ca)F1+ B10.BR tailskin.
- Honey K, Cobbold SP, Waldmann H: CD40 ligand blockade induces CD4+T cell tolerance and linked suppression. J Immunol. 2000, 163: 4805-4810.Google Scholar
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar-2000-66783
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A plectognath marine fish, Mola Mola having a deep body truncated behind, and high dorsal; and anal fins.
(SS-281: dp. 1,525 (surf.), 2,415 (subm.); l. 311'8"; b. 27'3"; dr. 15'3"; s. 20 k. (surf.), 8.75 k (subm.),
cpl. 80; a. 10 21" tt., 1 3", 1 40mm.; cl. Gato)
The first Sunfish (SS-281) was laid down on 26 September 1941 by the Navy Yard, Mare Island, Calif.; launched on 2 May 1942; sponsored by Mrs. J. W. Fowler; and commissioned on 15 July 1942, Comdr. R. W. Peterson in command.
Sunfish held her shakedown in the San Diego Bay area and returned to San Francisco for post-shakedown availability. On 26 October, she stood out to sea en route to the Pacific war zone. She arrived at Pearl Harbor, T.H., on 1 November, and departed on her first war patrol on the 23d. Her assigned patrol area was off the coasts of Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan. The submarine laid a minefield at the entrance to Iseno Imi on the night of 16-17 December. On the 18th, she fired a spread of torpedoes at a freighter but missed. The patrol ended, on 14 January 1943, upon her return to Midway Island.
Sunfish began her second patrol on 4 February which took her into the East China Sea. She attacked a ship on the night of 4 March, but the first spread missed the target. Three stern shots gave her the satisfaction of seeing flames shoot up from the target. Two days later, a transport was fired at with a fourtorpedo spread; and three explosions were heard. When the submarine raised her periscope, destroyer screws passed over the conning tower. Close depth charges loosened bolts and temporarily extinguished the lights, but no serious damage was suffered. On the night of 13 March, Sunfish fired three torpedoes at a cargo ship in the approaches to Toro Shima. They ran true and the 3,262-ton Kosei Maru went under. The submarine returned to Pearl Harbor on 3 April.
Her third patrol was made, from 4 May to 24 June, in the shipping lanes near Truk Atoll. No enemy shipping was found, so Sunfish reconnoitered Anguar Island on 23 May and shelled a refinery on Fais Island five days later.
From 28 July to 25 September, Sunfish sought targets in waters off Formosa. In two attacks on 13 August, she left a tanker down by the stern and witnessed a second ship explode, sending flames 200 feet high. This signified the end of the converted gunboat Edo Maru. In the early morning hours of 4 September, Sunfish dodged between lighted sampans to attack a 10 ship convoy. The Kozon Maru went down after a terrific secondary explosion.
Sunfish refitted at Pearl Harbor and sailed on 16 October for an area northeast of Formosa. No worthy targets were found, and she returned to Pearl Harbor on 14 December 1943.
On 14 January 1944, Sunfish got underway to prowl the shipping lanes between the Caroline and Mariana Islands. She made a photographic reconnaissance of Kusaie and another atoll in the Carolines between 21 and 30 January. On the 23d of February, the submarine made four determined attacks on a convoy and sank Kunishima Maru and Shingubari Maru for a total of 9,437 tons of enemy shipping. When she returned to Pearl Harbor on 7 March, she was routed onward to San Francisco for an overhaul.
When the overhaul was completed in early June Sunfish returned to Pearl Harbor and was ordered to begin a patrol on the 22d in the Kuril Islands area. She sank the passenger-cargo ship Shanmai Maru on the night of 5 July. The next day the submarine destroyed a fleet of 14 sampans and trawlers with her deck guns. The 6,284-ton cargo ship Taihei Maru was torpedoed and sunk on the morning of 9 July. Sunfish steamed to Midway for a refit period from 1 to 19 August.
Sunfish began her eighth war patrol on 20 August when she departed Midway for the Yellow Sea. On 10 September she intercepted a convoy coming out of Tsushima Strait and sank Chihaya Maru and damaged several other targets. On the night of 13 September, another convoy was sighted. Etashima Maru was sunk and Sunfish claimed damage to other targets, including one ship left with her decks awash. The patrol ended at Pearl Harbor on 27 September.
Sunfish returned to the Yellow Sea on 23 October, as part of a "wolf pack" that included Peto (SS-265) and Spadefish (SS-411). On 17 November the Sunfish sighted a convoy of eight ships led by the 21,000-ton escort carrier Jinyo. The carrier quickly passed out of range, and word was flashed to the other two members of the pack. Sunfish attacked the remaining ships of the convoy and sank two, Edogawa Maru and Seisho Maru. Spadefish caught Jinyo with four torpedoes and sent her under. The running battle continued, and Peto sank Aisakasan Maru and Chinkai Maru, while Spadefish added Submarine Chaser No. 156 to the score. On the 29th, Spadefish sank Daiboshi Maru and the next day, Sunfish sank the transport Dairen Maru. The patrol terminated at Majuro, Marshall Islands, on 19 December 1944 after the coordinated attacks had sunk 59,000 tons of Japanese shipping on a single patrol.
Sunfish stood out of Majuro on 15 January 1945 to patrol in the East China and Yellow seas. However, she had to terminate the patrol on 20 February when collision with an unsighted ice floe bent both periscopes. The ship entered Apra Harbor, Guam, on the 27th, for refit and repairs.
Sunfish began her 11th, and last, war patrol on 31 March off Honshu and Hokkaido. She operated in the approaches to Ominato in April. On the 9th a ship was damaged but managed to speed away and enter a protected harbor. Five days later, Sunfish fired three torpedoes at a merchantman; but all missed. The submarine carried out a daylight attack on 16 April which resulted in the sinking of Manryu Maru, a transport and the frigate Coast Defense Vessel No. 73. Her last torpedoes were expended three days later in night-radar attacks, sinking Kaiko Maru and Taisei Maru. Sunfish returned to Pearl Harbor on 28 April and departed for the United States two days later.
Sunfish was in the Mare Island Naval Shipyard from 7 May to 31 July for an overhaul and returned to Pearl Harbor on 9 August. She was preparing for another patrol when hostilities with Japan ceased. The submarine stood out of Pearl Harbor on 29 August en route to the west coast. She arrived at Mare Island, on 5 September, for inactivation and was decommissioned there on 26 December 1945. Sunfish remained out of commission, in reserve, until she was struck from the Navy list on 1 May 1960.
Sunfish received nine battle stars for World War II.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/submar/ss281.htm
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A COMPREHENSIVE, METHODICAL, STEP-BY-STEP TEACHING METHOD OF THE PULGAR TECHNIQUE FOR FLAMENCO GUITAR
The present Volume includes exercises for the thumb along with index finger. These exercises are intended for Flamenco guitar. However, it is worth mentioning that many of these exercises are offered for the classical guitar. These exercises can also be performed with the middle and the ring fingers. Replace the index finger with the middle or the ring finger in all exercises and do the same prectice with those two fingers.
The exercises written for three adjacent strings to be performed as appropriate on the first, second and third string of the guitar. However, they can be performed on any triune of adjacent strings.
The exercises in Chapter 1 can be performed with interfering string as recorded. It is advisable all exercises to be performed with interfering strings too, especially on the 4th position of the left hand.
The proposed positions of the left hand are the following:
Each Unit of this Volume consist of a certain number of paragraphs. Each paragraph of every chapter includes a certain number of variations each of them includes a certain number of formulas.
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UPPER MARLBORO, Md. (AP) — Maryland officials will be breaking ground for an energy efficient building in Prince George’s County.
Prince George’s County Executive Rushern Baker and Lt. Gov. Anthony Brown will attend the groundbreaking ceremony on Thursday in Accokeek for the Potomac Watershed Study Center.
The building is being touted as one of the most environmentally friendly in the world. When it is finished, supporters say it will take green buildings to a new level by being a net-zero water, net-zero energy and carbon neutral facility.
It’s the region’s first Living Building. Now, there are only three certified Living Buildings in the world.
Energy for the facilities will be generated from photoelectric and solar thermal arrays and geothermal wells. Rainwater will be collected and purified for use in the center.
(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
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"Put balls and chains on good people, and bad things happen."
-- John Allison, chairman, BB&T bank
In yesterday’s Business Herald Fran O’Sullivan profiles Ralph Norris, who makes the point that “strong banks are absolutely critical to the strength of the economy” and there are few stronger anywhere than the the Australian-owned banks which NZ and Australia share. Allowing them to go about their business unimpeded by politicians’ inquiries and their blundering micro-management will help grow both economies, says Norris.
He points out however that the “big four” Australian banks are effectively subsidising shaky financial companies through the government’s financial sector guarantee scheme. Faced with this and other threatened meddling, “some of the Australian banks have seriously considered whether they should continue in this market - there are opportunities elsewhere," he says.
Bravo. That’s almost a call to shrug right there.
There a few enough bankers in the world standing up for honest banking. Another such is the chairman and former CEO of North Carolina’s still-thriving BB&T bank, John Allison, profiled in the New York Times this week, a man who is not just a banker but also an Objectivist as well – and not just an Objectivist, but an Objectivist businessman who insists that following Objectivist philosophy, a philosophy based unflinchingly on reason, gives businesses that do so a competitive advantage. In other words, it’s good for your bottom line:
BB&T, he says, has a proven formula for success that centers on “an uncompromising commitment to reason.”
Under Mr. Allison, new executives were handed a copy of “Atlas Shrugged.” All employees get a 30-page pamphlet describing BB&T’s philosophy and values: reason, independent thinking and decisions based on facts.
“Wishing something is so does not make it so,” Mr. Allison says. “I guarantee that long before the rest of us knew, those geniuses at Lehman Brothers knew that something was wrong, but they evaded it.”
It’s worth reading this New York Times profile in full, because his lessons go far beyond banking. Read “Give BB&T Liberty, but Not a Bailout.”
And note, as you’re reading, the snarling hostility of the subjectivist philosophy professors quoted in the article to the idea that good philosophy might lead to success in the real world. “The reason why Rand’s philosophy of Objectivism is not for [the subjectivist philosophy professors],” points out Objectivist philosopher Craig Biddle, “is that it is for those who are willing to think for themselves rather than follow the herd, and who are not embarrassed by clear, straightforward arguments.”
You can see the problem with such a philosophy for the soft-shelled shysters of academia, can’t you - and also its hard-edged appeal for honest entrepreneurs.RELATED: Read the title essay of Why Businessman Need Philoslophy.
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Where is the best place to raise a child? Pockets of perfection exist in every city, but which communities offer the most resources -- hospitals, schools, or safety -- for expecting parents?
Last week, The Street.com compiled a list of the most baby-friendly cities in America. Their list offers insight into the cities that make parents, and their offspring, a priority:
5. Boston, Ma. -- Across the country, 41.2 percent of pregnant women are uninsured. In Boston, with universal healthcare a half-decade old, that number drops to almost nothing. That medical care is matched by world-class medical facilities, including Boston's Children's Hospital, the top ranked children's hospital in the country.
4. Omaha, Neb. -- Home of billionaire Warren Buffett, Omaha boasts affordable real estate, safe pedestrian walkways, and low infant mortality rates. It also is the birthplace of Marlon Brando, Fred Astaire, and Gabrielle Union.
3. Minneapolis, Mn. -- With seven local hospitals, the second-most home daycare businesses per capita, affordable home prices, 19 Fortune 500 companies, and some of the best public schools in the country, Minneapolis provides a number of attractive attributes for families.
2. Portland, Ore. -- With the lowest cost of living on the west coast, raising a child in Portland is kinder on the family budget than other coastal cities. Moreover, support for mothers in Portland is written in the public code. The city allows public breastfeeding and requires background checks for caregivers. An added bonus, of course, is that Voodoo Doughnut isn't far off to assuage midnight cravings.
1. Scottsdale, Ariz. -- The nation's "most western town" also turns out to be the most hospitable to children. A below-average employment rate and availability of organic food, coupled with 67 miles of paved trails, make Scottsdale a perennial favorite by both The Street.com and Parents magazine.
Photos: Emmanuel Huybrechts/Flickr, shannonpatrick17/Flickr, Chris Yunker/Flickr, Jami Dwyer/Flickr, Frank Kehren/Flickr
This post was originally published on Smartplanet.com
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Live streaming videos are a fantastic way to enhance your internet presence and audience, but the mechanics can be intimidating. During a live video, many factors can interfere, including quality issues, latency, faulty equipment, sound issues, and so on. With this practical advice, you’ll be able to increase the quality of your live streaming or, at the very least, mitigate any potential streaming concerns.
Check Your Internet Connection
Improving your internet connection is an important step towards taking your live broadcast to the next level. Switching from WiFi to a cable LAN can enhance connection speed and, as a result, the quality and stability of your live broadcast significantly.
In addition to people and objects that might degrade the WiFI connection’s power, your computer scans for new Wireless connections on a regular basis, even if it is already linked. Your WiFi connection speed and dependability may suffer as a result of this.
Switching to a LAN network will not increase your internet speed, but it will provide you with a quicker, more reliable local connection and more available bandwidth between you and the router, which is why a wired connection is recommended!
If you want to utilize wifi, being closer to the router is also recommended because the signal is less likely to be obstructed. The signal must travel through a couple of walls to connect if you are rooms away from the router. If you sit in the same room where the router is placed, it will connect much more quickly and provide a more steady stream.
If your router is in a separate room from the streaming device, use a shielded Ethernet connection if at all possible. As a result, the cable’s chances of being damaged are reduced.
Choose Streaming Software
The backbone of a flourishing sector is streaming software. Video streaming on the internet already accounts for more than half of all internet traffic, and it’s just getting bigger. Sifting through the alternatives and choosing the best software for live streaming gets challenging with new streaming services popping up all the time — every social network now has one.
Before you can choose the finest streaming software, you must first understand what constitutes a typical live streaming configuration. Some flexibility is allowed, but the basic framework remains the same:
- To contribute material for the broadcast, an audio/video source is required.
- To connect a non-USB camera to your computer, you’ll need a capture card.
- To package the input and deliver it to a platform, website, or network, you’ll need an encoder.
- To send data to the location, you’ll need a reliable internet connection.
- A streaming service that serves as both a destination and a source of output.
You’ll almost certainly use a software encoder unless you’re a professional content creator, publisher, or have a lot of money to spend. Your fundamental encoding needs should be met by whatever broadcasting program you pick. When looking for the finest streaming software, you should look for more than just encoding. Compatibility concerns, sophisticated or additional features, and pricing are all variables to consider, and they will help you avoid the streaming software options that you will never use. You shouldn’t use them if they’re out of your pricing range, don’t serve the platforms you employ, or lack essential features.
Find A Proper Equipment
Most individuals who create online lectures, courses, or webinars make a costly error with a surprisingly inexpensive solution.
If you use a laptop camera to capture your screen, it will appear blurry and out of focus. They generally have low resolutions and are intended for corporate video conferencing or talking with family and friends – not pro streaming video.
Laptop microphones are also not of extremely high quality, and therefore will not catch sounds as well as a high-quality microphone. A decent microphone will increase the quality of your streaming by making it sound better and allowing you to record with less ambient noise.
Communicate With Your Audience
When you consider the main reasons why live streaming has become so popular, real-time communication appears to be at the heart of its success. Make the most of the opportunity to speak directly to your fans via live streaming. Continue to interact with your audience and respond to queries in chat. To put it another way, continue the dialogue.
Choose A Good Platform
The real issue with live streaming is deciding whether you want to construct your own video streaming platform or hire a professional, managed video streaming platform. Both offer benefits and drawbacks, but for the most part, you’re better off using one of the commercial video live streaming sites available. Commercial-grade platforms often include powerful transcoders, support for HLS and DASH streaming, and leverage CDNs to provide video. They also assist you in setting up the gamers and give use and quality of experience metrics.
Be Mindful Of The Proper Streaming Time
Stream during a time when there isn’t much going on. Your streaming quality will degrade if other individuals who use your Internet connection broadcast, download, or otherwise consume considerable amounts of bandwidth. Try to broadcast video at times when no one else is doing it.
Give heed to popular streaming times in your neighborhood, as using the Internet after work on weekdays might slow down the total Internet speed in the area.
It’s impossible to overestimate the value of planning. Planning helps you to have more control over your streams and forecast your outcomes. However, since we’re talking about live streaming, the “live” portion of the phrase doesn’t have to be eliminated. Allowing for a few deviations from the script here and there may help your live streaming become more vibrant and interesting.
Having in mind that you know a lot more about live streaming than you did when you first started reading this post, it’s time to put these suggestions to use. Make yourself the greatest broadcaster you can be by developing healthy streaming habits and constantly testing and pressing yourself to improve. Continue to plan ahead and be organized because being nice and tidy behind the camera will make a tremendous difference in your on-camera job.
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“You can’t beat the machine. Change is inevitable, there is nothing we can do about it. “
These words are from Me Michel bergeron, partner at McCarthy Tétrault. He explains how, in about two years, the firm has succeeded in making high-performance artificial intelligence for translations of legal documents.
“There are two phases, the first is the translation itself, then there is the revision. This is carried out by a reviser who must give an opinion on the translation and verify that the two documents, in both languages, mean exactly the same thing, ”he explains.
Today, McCarthy Tétrault employees are no longer called upon to do the raw translation stage.
But it took a long time for the machine to perform. “The result was not very good at the beginning because the translation varied too much from one area to another. Today, we have translations that take the context into account, because the word is translated according to the other words in the document, ”adds Me Bergeron.
If today the machine is more efficient, it is because it has been trained. He was given thousands and thousands of words to integrate. It’s a fact: the more database it has provided, the more it will be trained to do its job well.
Easier from French to English
Me Bergeron concedes that the translation remains more efficient from French to English, but it is more a question of language. “There are more words in the French language to describe the same thing. Conversely, translating a document from English to French is more complicated. The machine can skid, ”he says.
But at its best, the machine translates text almost in real time. Me Bergeron suggests that she will only take about fifteen minutes to translate a 500-page document.
Another example, a merger and acquisition project required the translation of 475 documents – totaling 2.8 million words – from German, Portuguese and Spanish into English in 10 days. . The result was that the firm’s AI reduced turnaround time and reduced costs to 45% of what they might have cost in the past.
“The best translator may achieve a better result, but remember that there is always a reviser who comes after the machine,” adds the partner.
In a course he recently gave to McGill law students, Me Bergeron pleaded for a change in teaching. Students must now be taught to spot the mistakes that AI could make, according to him.
The lawyer also underlines another advantage which is not negligible: the confidentiality of the data.
“We cannot afford to have confidential documents translated in Google translate for example. It goes to servers located in other countries, hackers can get their hands on it, even if Google says it stays in the cloud, it’s not as secure, ”explains Me Bergeron.
While with this AI, the firm’s data is stored in a secure server in Montreal.
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Start a recording...
Play back a recording...
Once a recording has been made, it can be played back in a number of ways:
- Play an FLV recording:
To play a recording done in Flash (FLV), you can often just double-click on the recording to open it in Nefsis' Flash Player.
- Play an HTML recording:
You can play a Nefsis recording done in HTML, by double-clicking on the HTML file. This should then open it in a web browser, which will then play the recording.
- Play an AVI recording:
An AVI recording in Nefsis can be played back by double-clicking on the AVI file. This will open it up in Windows Media Player (or similar media player - depending on how your computer is set up).
More detailled information about playing back a recording can be found in the Play a recording article.
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Alejandro Rojas Wainer (31 January 1945 – 16 April 2018) was a Chilean-Canadian academic. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Chile for Popular Unity in 1973, but left office after the coup d'état. Subsequently, he moved to Canada, and taught at the University of British Columbia.
Rojas Wainer was born in Santiago on 31 January 1945. He attended the Manuel de Salas Experimental School affiliated with the University of Chile. Upon graduation, he was accepted into the University of Chile Dental School. Rojas Wainer became the first person elected to three terms as leader the University of Chile Student Federation, serving between from 1970 to 1973. While in college, he was active with the Communist Youth of Chile. Rojas Wainer was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Popular Unity political coalition in 1973, while still president of the student federation. After the coup d'état forced Salvador Allende out of power, Rojas Wainer left Chile to pursue graduate studies at the University of Geneva and York University. He remained in Canada, teaching at the University of British Columbia. Rojas Wainer died of cancer at the age of 73 on 16 April 2018 in Vancouver.
- "U. de Chile lamenta el fallecimiento de Alejandro Rojas, ex presidente de la FECh y diputado de la República" (in Spanish). University of Chile. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- "Alejandro Rojas, PhD". University of British Columbia. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- "A los 73 años murió el ex diputado comunista Alejandro Rojas Wainer". Cooperativa (in Spanish). 16 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
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Much of the value of a modern first edition resides in the book jacket. Fragile in nature, wrapping around the hard covers, they have received the hardest wear and often discarded when they became torn and tattered, making those that remain all the more valuable. Careful dust jacket restoration includes removing any tape or other poorly made repairs, properly mending tears and filling in paper losses. These are all common skills of a bookbinder. To these the restorer of dust jackets must add a high level of skill in color matching and a high level of ability in copying the original image. Taff’s lifelong work with a brush as a fine artist painting in high detail gives her just such ability. You can see examples of her paintings here.
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Kenneth Ellison asked:
How do space vehicles pick up speed by using other planetsí gravity to slingshot them on their way?
Dave - This is a really neat trick which NASA and all the space agencies use called the gravitational slingshot. The way it works is that, because the planets are orbiting theyíre moving. Theyíre not stationary so if you imagine firing yourself if youíre a space probe, going outwards towards a planet. Imagine going just behind the planet. The planetís gravity is going to pull you towards it and because the planet is moving away from you all the time itís going to pull you towards it more than it would do if it were stationary because youíve got to catch up with it as keeps moving away from you. You donít move towards it as quickly as you would have done so you gain energy. Once you have left the planet you actually gain a load of energy from the planet and you slow the planet down a bit.
Chris - Do you have to get the angle of attack or approach to the planet so that as the planet moves away from you it doesnít pull you off course again.
Dave - The whole point is that itís using the planet to pull you off course in a way that helps you. Youíve got to have a very careful approach. If you want to speed up youíre behind the planet . If you want to slow down you go in front of it. Overall this will give you more energy or less energy and get you to where you want to be.
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Late Season Hunting at Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge
December pheasant hunting at Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge in northeast South Dakota is a late season pheasant hunter’s dream. There are no easy birds, but the competition for the old roosters that remain will be minimal. The weather will be cold, but you’ll warm up walking a sea of thick winter-cover cattails. And if you’re lucky, a public land rooster or two or three will end up in your game vest for all your hard work.
Like several National Wildlife Refuges, a fair portion of the more than 21,000 acres of prime wildlife habitat are open to upland hunters each December. In addition to pheasants, the possibility exists for hunters to encounter sharp-tailed grouse and Hungarian partridge.
Sand Lake NWR Upland Season: December 9, 2013 through January 5, 2014
Non-toxic shot is required
For map and more Sand Lake NWR info, click here
USFWS Image courtesy of Lance Roberts
The Hunt Starts Here for the Million Dollar Bird
Aberdeen, S.D. began its Million Dollar Bird pheasant hunt on October 19th, 2013. To participate, hunters need to shoot one of 100 banded pheasants that have been released in the Aberdeen, Brown County area. If you are lucky enough to shoot a Million Dollar Banded Pheasant, you will be automatically entered for a chance to win the $1,000,000 cash prize. Along with this entry, each band turned in will be awarded a cash prize between $100 and $500. If a hunter gets one of these banded pheasants, they must return the numbered band to the Aberdeen Area Convention and Visitors Bureau.
Started in 2009, the Million Dollar Bird Pheasant Hunt was a chance for hunters to not only bag their limit of birds, but to also have a chance at winning $1 million dollars while hunting in Brown County, S.D. The contest will close at the end of pheasant season, scheduled for January 5, 2014. The drawing will be held January 10, 2014.
Want to make this a pheasant season to remember? Register to win the Official Gun of the 2013 Million Dollar Pheasant Hunt: A Winchester XS3 Black Shadow. This sleek gun features a synthetic stock, hard chrome chamber and bore, brass bead front sight, a self-adjusting active value system, ambidextrous crossbolt safety, and much more. Winchester was founded in 1866 and has been said to be “The Gun that Won the West”. To register go to HuntFishSD.com/gun.
For more information and complete contest rules please visit www.milliondollarbird.com.
Public and private hunting information for the Aberdeen Area can be obtained by calling the Aberdeen Area Convention and Visitors Bureau at (800) 645-3851 or by visiting www.huntfishsd.com.
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Written by Lucy Davey
Illustrated by Lorenzo van der Lingen
Scholastic NZ Ltd. (2008)
“…The Mayor, who was proud of Puddleby’s fame,
in a pompously, plummery voice would proclaim:
there’s nothing so nice –
as Official Town Taster, I’ll judge every slice!’
And patting his belly
he’d look round the crowd,
‘It brings us together,’ he’d say very loud...”
But all is not well in Puddleby Town. On the eve of their Annual Pavlova Bake-Off, the villagers make a shocking discovery. The essential ingredient has been EGGNAPPED! Where have all the eggs gone? What will happen on Bake-Off day? Can the villagers work together to save their eggs?
Follow the clues, and figure out who the Eggnapper is!
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|
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| 0.897638
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Our sixth issue is packed full of amazing articles, fabulous photography and more. We look into how the recent pandemic has affected not only the hobbyists and ant shops, but also the scientists who study ants, in our COVID-19 feature. Each issue also includes an article that focuses on current myrmecological investigations, and in this issue, we look at ants’ symbiotic relationships with other types of organisms. Entomologist Brian L. Fisher is a leading light in the world of ant science, and we chatted with him about his work in Madagascar. With all this and more, make sure you order your copy of Issue 6 of Ant Keeper Magazine today!
- How has COVID-19 Affected Ant Keeping?
- Ants and Their Allies: Cooperating with Other Species
- Diapause: The When, the Why and the How to
- An Interview with Entomologist Brian L. Fisher
- How to Choose Which Species to Keep
- Species Profile: Formica rufibarbis
- Species Profile: Anoplolepis gracilipes
- Ant Keepers Junior
- Internet Roundup
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Louis XIV was much occupied with religion and religious questions. His reign is generally considered as divided into two periods: (1) that of libertinage, during which his heart was ruled by Mlle de la Vallière, Madame de Montespan, and other favourites; (2) that of devotion, coinciding with the influence of Madame de Maintenon, the widow of Scarron, who, when Marie Therese died (31 July, 1683), secretly married the king, and who, for a quarter of a century, assisted him in ruling the kingdom. The second of these two periods was also that of the influence of Père Le Tellier (q.v.). This division is natural and accounts for certain developments of religious policy; but it must not be exaggerated. Even during his period of libertinage, Louis XIV took a passionate interest in religious questions; and during his devout period, he never altogether abandoned those Gallican principles which incessantly exposed him to conflicts with Rome. Certain pamphlets, published in the days of the Fronde, opposed to the doctrines of royal absolutism the old theological doctrine of the origin and the responsibilities of power. "Le Théologien Politique" declares that obedience is due only to those kings who demand what is just and reasonable; the treatise "Chrétien et Politique" asserts that kings do not make peoples, but that peoples have made kings. But the doctrine of the Divine right of kings succeeded in establishing itself upon the ruins of the Fronde; according to that doctrine Louis XIV had to reckon only with God, and the same doctrine served as one of the supports of the dictatorship which he pretended to exercise over the Church of France.
In the "Mémoires" of Louis XIV a whole theory of the relations between Church and State is expounded. He sets forth that the king is the proprietor of the Church's wealth, in virtue of the maxim that there is no other proprietor in the kingdom but the king. He holds that all the faithful, "whether lay or tonsured," are the sovereign's subjects; that the clergy are bound to bear their part pecuniarily in the public burdens, and that they "should not excuse themselves from that obligation by alleging that their possessions are for a particular purpose, or that the employment of those possessions must be regulated by the intention of the donors." The assemblies of the clergy, which discuss the amounts to be contributed by the clergy, are, in the eyes of Louis XIV, only tolerated; he considers that, as sovereign, he would be within his rights in laying imposts upon the clergy, and that "the popes who have wished to contest that right of royalty have made it clearer and more incontestable by the distinct withdrawal of their ambitious pretensions which they have been obliged to make;" he declares it to be inadmissible that ecclesiastics, "exempt from the dangers of war and the burden of families," should not contribute to the necessities of the State. The Minims of Provence had dedicated to Louis XIV a thesis in which they compared him to God; Bossuet declared that the king could not tolerate any such doctrine, and the Sorbonne condemned it. But at Court the person of the king was the object of a sort of religious worship, in which certain courtier bishops too easily acquiesced, and the consequence of which became perceptible in the relations between the Church and the State.
From these principles resulted his attitude towards the assemblies of the clergy. He shortened the duration of their sessions and caused them to be watched by his ministers, while Colbert, who detested the financial autonomy enjoyed by the clergy, went so far as to say that it would be well "to put a stop to these assemblies which the wisest politicians have always considered diseases of the body politic." From these principles, too, arose the fear of everything by which churchmen could acquire political influence. Unlike his predecessors, Louis XIV employed few prelates in the service of the State.
The Concordat of Francis I placed a large number of benefices at the disposal of Louis XIV; he felt that the appointment of bishops was the most critical part of his kingly duty, and the bishops whom he appointed were, in general, very well chosen. He erred, however, in the readiness with which he dispensed them from residence in their dioceses, while, as to abbacies, he too often availed himself of them to reward services rendered by laymen, and gave them as means of support to impoverished nobles. To the Comte du Vexin, his son by Madame de Montespan, he gave the two great Abbacies of Saint-Denis and Saint-Germain-des-Prés.
Louis XIV was particularly fond of taking a hand in doctrinal matters; and those who surrounded him ended by believing that the king could supervise the Church and supply it with information on religious questions. Daguesseau, on 14 August, 1699, went so far as to proclaim that the King of France ought to be both king and priest. Thus it was that, for example, in the midst of the war of the League of Augsburg, Louis was careful to have a report prepared for him on a catechism which was suspected of Jansenism; and so, again, in 1715, he caused a lieutenant of police to be reprimanded for neglecting to report three preachers of Paris who were in the habit of speaking of grace in a Jansenistic manner.
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX
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Wrens in Jefferson County, Georgia — The American South (South Atlantic)
William John Wren
1858 – 1919
Founder of the Town of Wrens
Location. 33° 12.517′ N, 82° 23.183′ W. Marker is in Wrens, Georgia, in Jefferson County. Marker is at the intersection of Stapleton Highway (Georgia Route 88) and Estelle Street, on the right when traveling west on Stapleton Highway. Click for map. The marker stands in the median between Stapleton Highway and Mill Street, in front of the Wrens Post Office. Marker is in this post office area: Wrens GA 30833, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 5 other markers are within 15 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Old Quaker Road (approx. half a mile away); Ways Baptist Church and Stellaville School (approx. 3.5 miles away); Sylvan Grove (approx. 5.4 miles away); Dr. Alexander Avera (approx. 8.2 miles away); The March to the Sea (approx. 14.1 miles away).
Regarding William John Wren. Additional information on the town of Wrens is here:
Categories. • Settlements & Settlers •
Credits. This page originally submitted on , by David Seibert of Sandy Springs, Georgia. This page has been viewed 275 times since then. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on , by David Seibert of Sandy Springs, Georgia. • Craig Swain was the editor who published this page. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016.
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Catholic Communications, Sydney Archdiocese,
4 Feb 2013
People addicted to poker machine gambling continue to wreak havoc and harm on families with social welfare agencies urging the government quit its go-slow roll-out and introduce legislation as soon as possible.
Dr John Falzon, CEO of the National Council of St Vincent de Paul Society believes the government's go-slow on poker machine legislation is resulting in family breakdowns and severe health problems.
While welcoming the Government's National Gambling Reform Act 2012 which was passed by Federal Parliament late last year, Vinnies says implementation of the legislation and further gambling reforms cannot come soon enough.
"Our members have given a clear message that poker machines continue to devastate families," he says.
At National Council as well as local state and grass root levels, Vinnies remains convinced that in order to reduce the harm caused by poker machines, mandatory commitment technology and maximum $1 bets are essential.
"As found by the Productivity Commission, gaming machines are the prime source of problem gambling in Australia and the harms resulting from problem gambling include suicide, depression, relationship breakdown, lowered work productivity, job loss, bankruptcy and crime," Dr Falzon warns.
However despite reports by the Commission together with intense lobbying from Vinnies, the Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce and independent Federal MPs, Andrew Wilkie and Senator Nick Xenophon, the Government's Gambling Reform Act is a much watered down version of what the Prime Minister Julia Gillard initially promised to Mr Wilkie after the 2010 election when she needed his support to form Government.
Not only was the Bill watered down but many of its provisions have been put back several years as the result of various amendments.
Now under the new legislation a mandatory $250 limit on withdrawals from ATMs at poker machine venues will not be introduced until 1 February 2014 instead of the original planned date of May this year.
Other amendments to the legislation that have been delayed also include allowing gaming venues with 21 or more poker machines a further two years to 2018 before pre commitment technology on all machines becomes mandatory. In addition, poker machine manufactures now have an extra year - to the end of 2014 - to introduce pre commitment technology to new machines while gaming venues of between 11 to 20 machines have until 2020 to implement the new technology.
For very small venues with less than 10 poker machines, legislation will allow them to update to the new technology as part of their normal replacement cycle with this not limited to any set date in the future.
Along with delaying the reforms by several years, the Government's gambling reform legislation has baulked at imposing a $1 bet limits per machine. However this been continually requested by many welfare agencies, church groups, those who work and counsel problem gamblers and key lobbyists such as Senator Nick Xenophon who believe this would go a long way to reducing the money wasted and harm wrought by problem gambling.
The all-powerful Australian hotels, clubs and casinos fought hard against the $1 bet limit and although many of their other demands were not met, their efforts have managed to delay the reforms by as much as two years or more.
Nevertheless St Vincent de Paul Society believes the legislation is an important first step to help combat problem gambling.
Australians spend more than $12 billion a year on poker machines. Three quarters of those who are problem gamblers play the poker machines with statistics revealing that each is estimated to lose more than $21,000 a year to the machines. This is more than a third of their gross annual income. Not only does this affect their families, their ability to pay bills, food and their mortgage but results in the addicted gambler suffering mental and physical health problems, and even the loss of his or her job and family.
In addition to backing the gambling reforms, CatholicCare offers its GameCare program to problem gamblers through its offices in Bankstown and Haymarket and last year joined forces with the Catholic Clubs of Liverpool, Lidcombe and Club Central Hurstville and Menai in a ground breaking initiative known as GAINS - Gambling Awareness, Intervention and Support.
The Clubs are donating as much as $1 million to underwrite the program over five years. GAINS will not only focus on helping problem gamblers and their families but will train staff at the clubs to recognise problem gamblers and link these gamblers with the wide range of support services available.
Within CatholicCare itself GAINS will be supported by the highly-regarded Holyoake Program which assists families impacted by a parent's, or son's or daughter's addiction to drugs, alcohol or gambling, and teaching them how to cope and still make the most of their lives.
However CatholicCare, CEO Bernard Boerma warns that this innovative initiative with the city's Catholic Clubs should be seen as a building block and NOT a substitute for ongoing and hard-hitting reforms to poker machine gambling.
"It is completely unacceptable that problem gamblers account for 40% of total poker machine spending and that players can lose up to $1200 an hour on high intensity machines," he says.
NSW has one of the world's highest concentration of poker machines.
However while the new gambling reform legislation may go some way in protecting problem gamblers on poker machines, online gambling and international betting conglomerates such as Betfair, Luxbet, Sportingbet and Sportsbet continue to grow with few restrictions.
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Chapter 13: the Jews of Germany
Germany boasts the fastest growing Jewish community in the world. If someone had suggested that as a possibility even twenty years ago, it would have been dismissed as too ridiculous for words. But times have changed, and in the one European country where it seemed certain that no Jew would willingly live a generation after the Holocaust, there are now anything between 100,000 and 180,000 Jews (depending on the criteria for counting the numbers). It is a phenomenon that raises many questions. Let us address them now.
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“I think spirituality is also about the reconciliation of opposites. It’s about diving deep inside yourself beyond the polarities to a place of unity where everything holds together.” — Sister Helen Prejean, IN SWEET COMPANY: CONVERSATIONS WITH EXTRAORDINARY WOMEN ABOUT LIVING A SPIRITUAL LIFE
Many years ago, I somehow came across the words of R. H. Greenville — a man? a woman? a writer? I never could find out more about them — that have served me well throughout the years.
Greenville wrote an essay called “New Day,” an opus so lofty I never could take it in all in one sitting. So I took it line by line and used various thoughts in the piece as affirmations I whispered to myself over and over again when my own thoughts would not suffice.
Here are my favorites, the tried and true words of the anonymous R. H.. Greenville; the unsung legacy of a life of faith and divine love.
“I am not limited. I am part of the limitless freedom, wisdom and activity of God. The best that I have experienced is but a prelude to the good which it is my destiny to know and enjoy.”
“I am exalted, lifted up in mind, heart and spirit when I contemplate the grandeur of life of which I am, have always been, and shall always be a part.”
“Everywhere I go, everywhere I look, divine light, divine love, surround me.”
“I am not afraid to let go of the old and grasp the new. Movement and activity are a part of my life and a part of my joy in living. My mind is open to new ideas. My heart welcomes the opportunity to know and grow in understanding.”
“I trust Him to bring heavenly results out of earthly conditions.”
“His is the power by which I conquer. His is the presence by which all things are made new and glorious.
Thank you, R. H., whoever, wherever you are!
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The books recommended below were all published within the last several years and reviewed by The Horn Book Magazine. Grade levels are only suggestions; the individual child is the real criterion.
Suggested grade level: K–3
Crouching Tiger written by Ying Chang Compestine; illus. by Yan Nascimbene (Candlewick)
Grandpa teaches his impatient grandson Ming Da the careful exercises of tai chi; eventually the two play a pivotal role in the Chinese New Year parade. Luminous watercolors show the family’s balance of the traditional and the modern. 40 pages.
Sergio Saves the Game! by Edel Rodriguez (Little)
Clumsy penguin Sergio loves soccer. Determined, he becomes a goalie—then a rival team of seagulls puts him to the test. Dynamic illustrations, speech bubbles, and well-timed page turns embody the humorous tale. 40 pages.
Madlenka Soccer Star by Peter Sís (Farrar/Foster)
Madlenka dribbles a soccer ball around her city block, outplaying a dog, parking meter, and trashcan before meeting up with her friend. Meticulously lined watercolors culminate in a scene of Madlenka playing with kids around the world. 40 pages.
Suggested grade level listed with each entry
Bramble and Maggie by Jessie Haas; illus. by Alison Friend (Candlewick)
School horse Bramble has a mind of her own. No one wants her—until Maggie arrives. The narrative voice is direct and easy to read; humorous illustrations feature big-eyed horses and their nonplussed riders. Grade level: K–3. 56 pages.
Basketball Bats and Goof-Off Goalie [Gym Shorts] written by Betty Hicks; illus. by Adam McCauley (Roaring Brook)
Fourth-grader Henry and his buddies love sports. In Basketball, they accept a challenge from kids who take winning too seriously. Goof-Off is for any soccer player who thinks being a goalie is easy. Pencil sketches decorate each spread. Grade level: 1–3. 55 pages.
Swimming with Sharks [Gym Shorts] written by Betty Hicks; illus. by Adam McCauley (Roaring Brook)
Rita is excited to be a Dolphin; her enthusiasm falters after realizing her faster-swimming friends are Sharks. Should she quit swimming or conquer the flip turn? Full of sports details as well as social details of the kids who play them. Grade level: 1–3. 56 pages.
The Home-Run King [Scraps of Time] written by Patricia C. McKissack; illus. by Gordon C. James (Viking)
Gee’s baseball-obsessed cousins’ lives get interesting when their parents rent a room to Negro League slugger Josh Gibson. After getting caught trying to sneak into a game, they have to clean up the stadium, but they also get to practice with their hero. Grade level: 1–3. 92 pages.
Suggested grade level: 4–6
All the Broken Pieces by Ann E. Burg (Scholastic)
Vietnamese American Matt has two passions—piano and baseball—and one secret: he feels responsible for injuries his little brother sustained during the Vietnam War. Powerful images in free verse capture Matt’s painful memories. 219 pages.
The Girl Who Threw Butterflies by Mick Cochrane (Knopf)
After her father’s death, young knuckleballer Molly tries out for the boys’ baseball team. Not everyone is encouraging, but she knows her dad would have approved. A compassionate and perceptive portrait of grief. 177 pages.
Wild Girl by Patricia Reilly Giff (Random/Lamb)
Headstrong Lidie leaves Brazil to join her father and brother in Queens, where they train racehorses. Meanwhile, a filly is born in South Carolina. Together, the two “wild girls” figure out where they belong. Rich characters and raw emotions rise above the usual horse story. 149 pages.
Tall Story by Candy Gourlay (Random/Fickling)
At thirteen, Andi’s passion is basketball; the arrival from the Philippines of her older eight-foot-tall half brother Bernardo is mostly a distraction. Relationships develop delicately, layer by layer, as the story is revealed. 298 pages.
The Brooklyn Nine: A Novel in Nine Innings by Alan Gratz (Dial)
Interlinked short stories offer snapshots of nine generations of a German Jewish immigrant family and their involvement with America’s favorite pastime. A cohesive mix of sports, historical fiction, and family history. 308 pages.
Bird in a Box by Andrea Davis Pinkney; illus. by Sean Qualls. (Little)
The difficult lives of three preadolescent African American narrators intersect during the year before Joe Louis wins his heavyweight championship fight. Willie, Hibernia, and Otis prove resilient and receptive to friendship. 278 pages.
Mudville by Kurtis Scaletta (Knopf)
It’s been raining in Moundville for twenty-two years. When the sun miraculously comes out, twelve-year-old baseball lover Roy assembles a scrappy team. The “Mudville Nine” help bring life to a whole town. 266 pages.
Bobby the Brave (Sometimes) by Lisa Yee; illus. by Dan Santat (Scholastic/Levine)
Bobby’s (Bobby vs. Girls (Accidentally)) PE teacher expects great things of him. Overhearing his ex-football star dad say, “He’s not like me,” Bobby assumes he’s let Dad down with his nonexistent football skills. 154 pages.
Suggested grade level: 7 and up.
David Inside Out by Lee Bantle (Holt/Ottaviano)
David begins a furtive sexual relationship with his track teammate Sean. But Sean’s denials of his homosexuality make David question whether their relationship will ever evolve. A refreshing contribution to the “coming out” genre. 184 pages.
Tilt by Alan Cumyn (Groundwood)
Stan is driven to make the basketball team, but his complicated home life gets more so when his deadbeat dad shows up. Cumyn presents his teenage characters in an especially endearing light. 271 pages.
Payback Time by Carl Deuker (Houghton)
As sports editor of his school paper, Mitch unearths wrongdoings, unwittingly putting a football player’s life in danger. His transformation from mild-mannered reporter to lone avenger plays out during a nail-biter of a football season. 298 pages.
My Most Excellent Year: A Novel of Love, Mary Poppins, & Fenway Park by Steve Kluger (Dial)
For an eleventh-grade writing assignment, T.C., Augie, and Alé recount their freshman year shenanigans, friendships, and heartaches. Kluger’s fine touch with characterization gives these teenagers strong, distinct voices. 403 pages.
Shakespeare Makes the Playoffs by Ron Koertge (Candlewick)
Writer/first baseman/eighth grader Kevin (Shakespeare Bats Cleanup) takes on more challenging poetic forms (and romantic complications) as his team heads to the playoffs. A pleasing variety of verse is a seamless fit for his story. 170 pages.
Front and Center by Catherine Gilbert Murdock (Houghton)
Giving up football to focus on basketball, D.J. (Dairy Queen) must decide whether she’s up to playing for a Big Ten school. Particulars of farm life, high school relationships, and college decisions add unexpected drama. 256 pages.
Boy21 by Matthew Quick (Little)
After his parents’ murder, Russ moves to a new school. The basketball coach asks team leader Finley to help Russ acclimate—and to convince the former phenom to play again. Deft character development ensures emotional investment. 252 pages.
The Berlin Boxing Club by Robert Sharenow (HarperTeen)
Karl, a blond and fair-skinned Jew, takes boxing lessons from the famous Max Schmeling; changes under Hitler’s regime affect every aspect of Karl’s life. The sports component and direct narrative style make for a readable account of life in Nazi Germany. 410 pages.
The Georges and the Jewels written by Jane Smiley; illus. by Elaine Clayton (Knopf)
Though it’s not allowed by her strict horse-trainer father, Abby grows attached to one particular gelding and an orphaned foal. The plot unfolds naturally, with an assured, brisk voice. 234 pages.
The Scorpio Races by Maggie Stiefvater (Scholastic)
Legends of beautiful but deadly fairy horses inspire this novel. The narrative alternates between Sean Kendrick, in tune with the magic horses, and Kate “Puck” Connolly, orphaned by the creatures and desperate enough to enter the famed Scorpio Races. 409 pages.
The Running Dream by Wendelin Van Draanen (Knopf)
Teen athlete Jessica begins the agonizing recovery from a bus crash in which she lost her leg. Very short chapters show Jessica’s gradual adjustment and healing with plenty of interesting medical detail and emotional authenticity. 339 pages.
Now Is the Time for Running by Michael Williams (Little)
The massacre of his small Zimbabwe village sends Deo fleeing to South Africa, where he’s invited to play in the Street Soccer World Cup. A compelling mix of suspense, sports, and social injustice. 235 pages.
Foiled by Jane Yolen; illus. by Mike Cavallaro (Roaring Brook/First Second)
In this graphic novel, top-notch fencer Aliera learns that her lab partner isn’t human–then discovers she herself is the world’s “Defender.” The juxtaposition of reality and fantasy is compelling, as is Aliera’s strong voice. 160 pages.
Food, Girls, and Other Things I Can’t Have by Allen Zadoff (Egmont)
Three-hundred-pound outcast Andrew is recruited to play football. His sudden popularity is intoxicating until he realizes the team’s ulterior motives in recruiting him. Humor, romance, and sports make for a winning combination. 314 pages.
Suggested grade level listed with each entry
The Unforgettable Season: The Story of Joe DiMaggio, Ted Williams and the Record-Setting Summer of ’41 written by Phil Bildner; illus. by S. D. Schindler (Putnam)
Two baseball records set in 1941 have never been broken. Matter-of-fact prose in alternating sections tells DiMaggio and Williams’s stories for an affectionate glimpse of baseball history. Grade level: K-3. 32 pages.
A Nation’s Hope: The Story of Boxing Legend Joe Louis written by Matt de la Peña; illus. by Kadir Nelson (Dial)
On the eve of WWII, Joe Louis squares off against formidable German Max Schmeling, a symbol of the Nazi regime. A free-verse narrative and vivid oil paintings heighten the historic sporting event’s suspense. Grade level: K-3. 40 pages.
Up Close: Babe Ruth by Wilborn Hampton (Viking)
This biography reveals Ruth’s hard childhood; baseball was his ticket out. Later chapters chronicle Ruth’s triumphs and notorious off-field behavior. A candid portrait of a glorious athlete and an imperfect man. Grade level: 9 and up. 205 pages.
Black Jack: The Ballad of Jack Johnson written by Charles R. Smith Jr.; illus. by Shane W. Evans (Roaring Brook/Porter)
Ballad form and oil paintings suit the larger-than-life feel of this heavyweight champ’s tale. Johnson’s quest to be champion was hampered by white title-holders; his persistence was eventually rewarded. Grade level: 4-6. 40 pages.
Henry Aaron’s Dream by Matt Tavares (Candlewick)
After a stint in the Negro Leagues, young Hank Aaron signed a minor-league contract. He faced brutal racism in the South before making it to the big leagues. An author’s note and Aaron’s career stats are included. Grade level: K-3. 40 pages.
There Goes Ted Williams: The Greatest Hitter Who Ever Lived by Matt Tavares (Candlewick)
Present-tense narrative lends drama and immediacy to this biography of Boston Red Sox slugger Williams. Watercolor, gouache, and pencil illustrations depict Williams as large as a double-page spread can hold. Grade level: K-3. 40 pages.
Brothers at Bat: The True Story of an Amazing All-Brother Baseball Team written by Audrey Vernick; illus. by Steven Salerno (Clarion)
In 1938, the Acerras brothers created their own semi-pro team, which played together longer than any of the era’s other (nearly thirty!) teams made up entirely of brothers. The illustrations bring the story to vivid life. Grade level: K-3.40 pages.
You Never Heard of Sandy Koufax?! written by Jonah Winter; illus. by André Carrilho (Random/Schwartz & Wade)
Colloquial first-person Brooklynese chronicles Koufax’s star pitching career. The pencil drawings exquisitely capture the sport’s drama with angular, elongated figures. Sidebars provide relevant baseball stats. Grade level: K-3. 40 pages.
For even more sports books, see the May/June Horn Book Magazine “From the Guide” supplement.
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Challenge on Textbook Pricing
Textbook companies have faced a number of challenges in recent years, such as open course content, an increasingly vibrant used-book marketplace, new publishers proposing alternative pricing models, and new federal rules requiring the unbundling of expensive add-ons from the traditional texts.
But a case that came before the U.S. Supreme Court last week suggests that the textbook companies might soon face an even stronger threat: themselves.
If the case Costco Wholesale Corporation v. Omega, S.A., falls for Costco (the high court heard oral arguments last Monday), the textbook publishers could see the U.S. market flooded with less fancy editions they have produced for students in poorer countries. The foreign editions might be flimsier, but their content is the same as in the editions the textbook companies sell to U.S. students — and they are “often half or a quarter of the price of the domestic editions,” according to an amicus brief filed in the case by the Association of American Publishers.
In other words, students who don’t mind shoddier textbooks could buy editions intended for students in poorer countries at a fraction of the cost of what they would normally buy at their campus bookstore.
Textbook publishers are - understandably - lining up against such a potential ruling.
The textbook companies, meanwhile, say such a ruling would be disastrous. The anticipated decline in revenues from domestic sales, their lawyers say, would make it impossible for them to afford “the extensive research and development necessary to ensure that the information in textbooks is current and accurate.”
“Most educational publishers currently print at least two different editions of their textbooks — one for domestic distribution and one or more for international distribution,” the Association of American Publishers wrote in its note to the court. “The domestic editions are often printed in the United States using high quality products and binding and are bundled with supplemental materials including teaching aids and online resources.”
The editions made outside the United States, the publishers continue, are made cheaply “using lower quality paper and covers, removing color images, and using inferior bindings,” and “priced based on what the purchasers in the intended market can afford.”
If the Supreme Court interprets copyright law such that books manufactured abroad may be legally sold to U.S. college students for the same price as they are sold to, for example, Indian students, the publishers argue, all hell will break loose.
“Copies of foreign editions would be imported en masse, by large campus-based bookstores, Internet resellers, and others,” they write. “The loss of revenue from domestic editions would drastically reduce the ability of publishers to compensate authors for their work and lead to significant changes in the publishers’ business models which, in turn, will cause ripple effects beyond the publishing industry.”
Nicole Allen, from the nonprofit Student Public Interest Research Groups argues "... that the current model — which historically has limited the power of students to choose how much they pay for their course materials — is on its way out. Earlier this year Student PIRGs endorsed a new model pioneered by Flat World Knowledge, which lets students choose whether to pay for binding, color, e-learning supplements, and so on."
- Posted using BlogPress from my iPad
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Investing in a New Vision for the Environment and Surface Transportation in America (INVEST) Act, H.R.3684, a surface transportation bill, directs federal investments in roads, bridges, transit, and rail, re-imagines our national transportation policies includes two equine transportation bills as amendments.
The first, adopted at the committee level, mirrors the Horse Transportation Safety Act. This “double decker” bill shares the following language,
Transportation of horses.
“PROHIBITION.—No person may transport, or cause to be transported, a horse from a place in a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States through or to a place in another State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States in a motor vehicle containing two or more levels stacked on top of each other.”
This prohibition most significantly impacts the shipment of rodeo stock around the country as they represent the final sector who have continued to haul horses in mixed load livestock hauling situations.
The second, equine amendment mirrors the Save America’s Forgotten Equines (SAFE) Act of 2021 which was introduced May 19, 2021. This legislation would permanently ban the slaughter of horses for human consumption in the United States as well as prohibit the export of live horses to Mexican and Canadian slaughterhouses to be sold overseas. While this legislation boasts a new name, the text looks to be unchanged. The previous SAFE Act, titled the “Safeguard American Food Exports” Act, has been introduced in every Congress since 2013, reaching a peak number of Co-sponsors in the last Congress at 236. The amendment was introduced during the June 30th floor vote on the INVEST Act, which was passed by the House of Representatives on July 1st.
Due to Republican opposition to the the bill as presented, the Senate is likely to finalize their own version of a surface transportation bill, necessitating the creation of a conference committee, which is a temporary, ad hoc panel composed of House and Senate conferees which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers.
The AHC will continue to monitor this legislation as it moves through the Senate. AHC will keep members appraised of developments and possible implications.
If you have any questions, please contact Cliff Williamson at email@example.com
The AHC promotes and protects all horse breeds, disciplines and interests by communicating with Congress, federal agencies, the media and the industry itself every day.
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NVC case brings infrared night vision to iPhone 6
We're now well within the midst of a gold rush, when it comes to smartphone cases that "do things." Recent examples include models that shoot pepper spray, serve as health monitors, and double as game controllers. The Raspberry Pi-based NVC (Night Vision Camera) case, however, has its own trick up its sleeve – it lets the iPhone 6 see in the dark.
Another is to get the FLIR ONE case, which is handier than the adapters because it's always with the phone – just like the NVC. It utilizes thermal imaging technology, in which even very small amounts of heat emitted by objects (including inanimate ones) is amplified and used to create an image.
The NVC takes a simpler approach, which is reflected in its lower price. It uses eight infrared LEDs to illuminate subjects up to 30 feet (9 m) away. That light isn't visible to the human eye, but it is to the 720p infrared camera built into the case. Power is provided by an integrated 2,000-mAh lithium-polymer battery, that should provide two to four hours of use per charge. If needed, that battery can also be used to power the phone.
Additionally, because the NVC uses its own camera and battery, it can be taken off the phone and set in a remote location (such as a sleeping baby's room), then monitored on the phone via Wi-Fi. The case can also store its own footage, as it has a microSD memory card slot.
MSM Labs, the Maryland-based designer of the NVC, is now raising production funds on Kickstarter. A pledge of US$129 will get you one, when and if they're ready to go. The estimated retail price is $149, which is about $100 less than the FLIR ONE.
For now at least, the NVC only fits the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus – although it can be accessed remotely by other makes and models. You can see footage shot with it in the following pitch video.
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One of the most frequently asked questions on the Bible Answer Man broadcast is “What happens to those who have never heard of Jesus?” Will God condemn people to hell for not believing in someone they have never heard of?
First, people are not condemned to hell for not believing in Jesus. Rather they are already condemned because of their sin. Thus, the real question is not how can God send someone to hell, but how can God condescend to save any one of us?
Furthermore, if ignorance were a ticket to heaven, the greatest evangelistic enterprise would not be a Billy Graham crusade but a concerted cover-up campaign. Such a campaign would focus on ending evangelism, burning Bibles, and closing churches. Soon no one will have heard of Christ and everyone will be on their way to heaven.
Finally, it should be emphasized that everyone has the light of both creation and conscience. God is not capricious! If we respond to the light we have, God will give us more light. In the words of the apostle Paul: “From one man he made every nation of men, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he determined the times set for them and the exact places where they should live. God did this so that men would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from each one of us” (Acts 17:26–27).
“I am the way and the truth and the life.
No one comes to the Father except through me.”
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