{"unique_index": 1, "source_text": "Manny Pacquiao faces Floyd Mayweather in $300m showdown on May 2 . Pac-Man has released own entrance song 'Lalaban Ako Para Sa Filipino' The 36-year-old also directed the music video ahead of Las Vegas clash .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Manny Pacquiao"}, {"start": 21, "end": 37, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Floyd Mayweather"}, {"start": 42, "end": 46, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300m"}, {"start": 59, "end": 64, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2"}, {"start": 67, "end": 74, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pac-Man"}, {"start": 107, "end": 135, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Lalaban Ako Para Sa Filipino"}, {"start": 141, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "36-year-old"}, {"start": 192, "end": 201, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Las Vegas"}]}
{"unique_index": 10, "source_text": "The schedule is rigorous and exhausting: wake up at 6:00 AM, get ready, study the scriptures for an hour or so, then it's out into the street, knocking doors, keeping appointments, teaching lessons to people, performing service (helping old people with gardening, painting people's houses, helping people move, just whatever kind of help people might have), delivering media people have requested (like if you've ever seen those commercials the church has where people can call a number and request a free video or Bible or Book of Mormon or something), etc. You basically work as hard as you can all day, then fall exhausted into bed about 10:30 and do it all again the next day. After a few months I was asked to serve in leadership positions (they're are \"District Leaders\" and \"Zone Leaders\" who oversee other missionaries in their areas) so I had all of my regular missionary duties as well as keeping tabs on the needs of the other men and women (Elders and Sisters, as we called each other) in addition. You don't have anything: a suitcase containing a bunch of dark slacks and white shirts and ties, your scriptures and journal, maybe a few personal things, and that's it. You spend every minute outside of the bathroom with another missionary whom you've never met before (I was lucky, though, as my companions were all really great guys).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 52, "end": 59, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6:00 AM"}, {"start": 97, "end": 104, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "an hour"}, {"start": 515, "end": 520, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bible"}, {"start": 524, "end": 538, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Book of Mormon"}, {"start": 597, "end": 604, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "all day"}, {"start": 641, "end": 646, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10:30"}, {"start": 671, "end": 679, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next day"}, {"start": 687, "end": 699, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a few months"}, {"start": 759, "end": 775, "label": "JOB", "value": "District Leaders"}, {"start": 782, "end": 794, "label": "JOB", "value": "Zone Leaders"}, {"start": 814, "end": 826, "label": "JOB", "value": "missionaries"}, {"start": 870, "end": 880, "label": "JOB", "value": "missionary"}, {"start": 953, "end": 959, "label": "JOB", "value": "Elders"}, {"start": 964, "end": 971, "label": "JOB", "value": "Sisters"}, {"start": 1191, "end": 1203, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every minute"}, {"start": 1241, "end": 1251, "label": "JOB", "value": "missionary"}]}
{"unique_index": 15, "source_text": "Sure, here are some recommendations: - Photoshop - Gimp - Paint - Sketch - Adobe Illustrator - Affinity Designer - Affinity Photo", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 39, "end": 48, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Photoshop"}, {"start": 51, "end": 55, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Gimp"}, {"start": 58, "end": 63, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Paint"}, {"start": 66, "end": 72, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Sketch"}, {"start": 75, "end": 92, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Adobe Illustrator"}, {"start": 95, "end": 112, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Affinity Designer"}, {"start": 115, "end": 129, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Affinity Photo"}]}
{"unique_index": 19, "source_text": "time to motivate.. lets hope my skillz aren't too rusty. 4 months since i've touched illustrator .. its like riding a bicycle, nvr forget", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 57, "end": 65, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "4 months"}, {"start": 85, "end": 96, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "illustrator"}]}
{"unique_index": 26, "source_text": "Suvir Mirchandani measured ink used in typefaces and found Garamond was most cost-effective . Teenager came up with the idea for his school science project .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Suvir Mirchandani"}, {"start": 59, "end": 67, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Garamond"}]}
{"unique_index": 32, "source_text": "@xbllygbsn whats 27� ? :$ oh shh dont need to lose anything hahaa ;) lucky ;) im away in like 10mins", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "xbllygbsn"}, {"start": 94, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10mins"}]}
{"unique_index": 40, "source_text": "Asta countered the Spade Kingdom's commandor's poison attack with the demon destroyer sword, then cut the attacking citadel in half, defeating the captain in a single blow.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Asta"}, {"start": 19, "end": 32, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Spade Kingdom"}, {"start": 35, "end": 44, "label": "JOB", "value": "commandor"}, {"start": 70, "end": 91, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "demon destroyer sword"}, {"start": 127, "end": 131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 147, "end": 154, "label": "JOB", "value": "captain"}, {"start": 160, "end": 166, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "single"}]}
{"unique_index": 42, "source_text": "I'm Bobby from Prohaska Inc , Quality . We need your device for our operations urgently . Can we expedite the order ?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bobby"}, {"start": 15, "end": 27, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Prohaska Inc"}]}
{"unique_index": 45, "source_text": "West Ham are hoping to sign AC Milan youngster M'Baye Niang on loan . 19-year-old has attracted interest from Everton, Tottenham and Arsenal .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "West Ham"}, {"start": 28, "end": 36, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AC Milan"}, {"start": 47, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "M'Baye Niang"}, {"start": 70, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "19-year-old"}, {"start": 110, "end": 117, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Everton"}, {"start": 119, "end": 128, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tottenham"}, {"start": 133, "end": 140, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Arsenal"}]}
{"unique_index": 47, "source_text": "Regarding the scholarship program of Schamberger - O'Connell , may I verify the application requirements? Is the educational organization situated in Valais ?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 60, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Schamberger - O'Connell"}, {"start": 150, "end": 156, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Valais"}]}
{"unique_index": 55, "source_text": "The NHL teams in this list are as follows: Buffalo Sabres, Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers, Montreal Canadiens, Ottawa Senators, Tampa Bay Lightning, Toronto Maple Leafs, Arizona Coyotes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Dallas Stars, and the Minnesota Wild.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 7, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NHL"}, {"start": 43, "end": 57, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Buffalo Sabres"}, {"start": 59, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Detroit Red Wings"}, {"start": 78, "end": 94, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Florida Panthers"}, {"start": 96, "end": 114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Montreal Canadiens"}, {"start": 116, "end": 131, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ottawa Senators"}, {"start": 133, "end": 152, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tampa Bay Lightning"}, {"start": 154, "end": 173, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Toronto Maple Leafs"}, {"start": 175, "end": 190, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Arizona Coyotes"}, {"start": 192, "end": 210, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Chicago Blackhawks"}, {"start": 212, "end": 230, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Colorado Avalanche"}, {"start": 232, "end": 244, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dallas Stars"}, {"start": 254, "end": 268, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Minnesota Wild"}]}
{"unique_index": 58, "source_text": "The New York Times: \"Seizing on a groundswell of support for rewriting the nation's immigration laws ...\" The Washington Post: \"Obama added to momentum on Capitol Hill in favor of an overhaul of the nation's immigration laws ...\" We saw the same supportive approach when The Pentagon lifted a ban on women serving in front-line combat positions, which, despite some conservative opposition, was greeted with favorable features that largely depicted the move as long overdue. Watch: Should N.Y. Times Have Censored Company Name Over the S-Word? As with many perpetual Beltway disputes, the contours of a common-sense compromise on immigration have been clear for some time. The right wants tougher border enforcement and employer verification procedures. The left wants undocumented immigrants taken out of the \"shadows,\" as Obama put it, and given a chance to become openly productive members of society. The key are the tradeoffs. How long would a path to citizenship take? Are fines and back taxes required? How do we ensure that those who broke the law don't get an unfair advantage over legal applicants? I don't argue with the standard political analysis that the moment may be ripe for immigration reform. Watch: Media Seize on Emotional Moment of Gabby Giffords' Testimony . Mitt Romney, who talked about wanting immigrants to \"self-deport,\" got clobbered among Hispanic voters. The GOP has lost the popular vote in five of the past six presidential elections.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The New York Times"}, {"start": 106, "end": 125, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Washington Post"}, {"start": 128, "end": 133, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Obama"}, {"start": 155, "end": 167, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Capitol Hill"}, {"start": 275, "end": 283, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pentagon"}, {"start": 317, "end": 344, "label": "JOB", "value": "front-line combat positions"}, {"start": 489, "end": 499, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "N.Y. Times"}, {"start": 567, "end": 574, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Beltway"}, {"start": 662, "end": 671, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "some time"}, {"start": 824, "end": 829, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Obama"}, {"start": 1254, "end": 1268, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gabby Giffords"}, {"start": 1282, "end": 1293, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mitt Romney"}, {"start": 1390, "end": 1393, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GOP"}, {"start": 1423, "end": 1427, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 1435, "end": 1466, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past six presidential elections"}]}
{"unique_index": 62, "source_text": "1:12. pull up on the parking lot, a block away from the hair dressers. 1:27. hoist myself through the doors, finally here. vomit at the ready. 1:32 and so, the empty hairdressers greeted me, this would be an in and out job, nothing more, nothing less. quick and clean. the woman at the reception desk comes up to lead me to a chair after a few minutes of waiting and just as i open my mouth to say 'thanks'. a storm of regret, jack, bacardi, coke and dry biscuits topples out like niagara falls, sliding down her dress, the majority of it on the floor and her shoes and then i slump back into a stationary position only for her to do some sort of patrick stewart quadruple take. i'm freaking out, she's freaking out, the other hairdresser is in a limbo of anger and laughter and i just lift my hands up in defense and walk at a fairly brisk pace backwards while saying sorry all the while. still haven't got my hair cut. edit: i didn't add it for the overall flow and comedic effect of the story but my roommate drove me up there, i did not drink and drive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1:12"}, {"start": 71, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1:27"}, {"start": 143, "end": 147, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1:32"}, {"start": 340, "end": 351, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few minutes"}, {"start": 427, "end": 431, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "jack"}, {"start": 433, "end": 440, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "bacardi"}, {"start": 442, "end": 446, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "coke"}, {"start": 481, "end": 494, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "niagara falls"}, {"start": 647, "end": 662, "label": "PERSON", "value": "patrick stewart"}, {"start": 663, "end": 672, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "quadruple"}, {"start": 727, "end": 738, "label": "JOB", "value": "hairdresser"}]}
{"unique_index": 65, "source_text": "Gilbert definitely has a new spicy hot spot, Joyride Taco House complete with festive decor with a relaxed and friendly atomosphere! I joined friends and family on opening night 7 in all, Justin our waiter handled us like a pro. Not only was he a good waiter but everytime I blinked there was someone at our table with water, drink refills or clearing our table asking us if we needed anything else, they rock the team work attitude! From the homemade chips & fireroasted salsa of which we devoured 3-4 helpings to the tasty chicken tinga, shrimp & scallop tacos,chicken nachos,machaca burritos, empanadas and El Domingo dessert with carmelized pineapple, caramel sauce and vanilla ice cream we finished every tasty bite! \\nAn extra thank you for replacing my picky princesses taco, which came with beans she wasn't willing to eat, once the beans were gone so was her taco! Happy kid, happpy Mom!\\nThis is the place to go to add a little spice in your foodie life! I'm looking forward to going back to try the variety of drinks and dive into the charred habenero \"melt your face\" salsa! Oh yes, and more chips please!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Joyride Taco House"}, {"start": 164, "end": 177, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "opening night"}, {"start": 178, "end": 179, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7"}, {"start": 188, "end": 194, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Justin"}, {"start": 199, "end": 205, "label": "JOB", "value": "waiter"}, {"start": 252, "end": 258, "label": "JOB", "value": "waiter"}, {"start": 263, "end": 272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "everytime"}, {"start": 499, "end": 502, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3-4"}, {"start": 610, "end": 620, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "El Domingo"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1078, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "melt your face"}]}
{"unique_index": 72, "source_text": "My breakthrough came when David Wilson , Senior Director at Machine Intelligence Corp , noticed my project at the Global Tech Summit . Within two weeks , I was hired as a machine learning specialist at their Seattle office . Now , three years later , I lead a team of 8 engineers , managing a budget of 1.2million annually .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 26, "end": 38, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David Wilson"}, {"start": 41, "end": 56, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senior Director"}, {"start": 60, "end": 85, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Machine Intelligence Corp"}, {"start": 142, "end": 151, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two weeks"}, {"start": 171, "end": 198, "label": "JOB", "value": "machine learning specialist"}, {"start": 208, "end": 215, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Seattle"}, {"start": 225, "end": 228, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 231, "end": 248, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years later"}, {"start": 268, "end": 269, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8"}, {"start": 270, "end": 279, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineers"}, {"start": 303, "end": 313, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.2million"}, {"start": 314, "end": 322, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}]}
{"unique_index": 73, "source_text": "His data-dependent chart format made him an enabler for amateur statisticians and precocious list-compilers, kids who couldn't afford subscriptions to the trade magazines. The sturdy scaffolding under Kasem's success was his voice: upbeat, naturally modulated, soothing without being smarmy. Hear him once and he became Casey: familiar, somehow. You could accuse him of being corny, a shameless Pez dispenser of sentimental patter and clich쨬©d advice along with pablum pop. You'd be literally correct but also fundamentally clueless about his down-to-earth appeal. Kasem managed to be commercial without coming across like a hyped-up huckster. He made it seem easy, and also seamless, for instance segueing from a convoluted factoid about Top 10 hits with the word \"Doctor\" in the title to a Dr. Pepper spot. His voice was the product of formative years spent jumping from radio station to station as well as some acting work. Voice-over gigs proved to be a consistent and profitable sidelight; Kasem's resonant tones appeared in commercials and cartoons. Somewhat improbably, he supplied the voice of Norville \"Shaggy\" Rogers on \"Scooby-Doo.\" No doubt this further endears him to a generation weaned on musty anachronisms such as network television and Top 40 radio. Tributes: 'Keep reaching for the stars' Truthfully, even at his most popular, Kasem was a bit of an anachronism. When \"America's Top 40\" debuted in 1970, the rock revolution was in full swing, and free-form FM radio was on the rise.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 77, "label": "JOB", "value": "statisticians"}, {"start": 201, "end": 206, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kasem"}, {"start": 320, "end": 325, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Casey"}, {"start": 395, "end": 408, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pez dispenser"}, {"start": 565, "end": 570, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kasem"}, {"start": 634, "end": 642, "label": "JOB", "value": "huckster"}, {"start": 743, "end": 745, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 792, "end": 802, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Dr. Pepper"}, {"start": 838, "end": 853, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "formative years"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1000, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kasem"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1126, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Norville \"Shaggy\" Rogers"}, {"start": 1131, "end": 1141, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Scooby-Doo"}, {"start": 1258, "end": 1260, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 1346, "end": 1351, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kasem"}, {"start": 1387, "end": 1403, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "America's Top 40"}, {"start": 1416, "end": 1420, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970"}]}
{"unique_index": 77, "source_text": "Current Analysis of Age-Related Treatment Response Patterns During quarterly assessments spanning 18 months , researchers at SeniorCare Institute observed distinct patterns. Chief Medical Officer Robert Williams from the Geriatric Medicine Department reported that subjects from Uppsala County showed 15 % higher responsiveness. The study, funded with 3.2million euros , utilized advanced monitoring systems with device identifiers and addresses recorded for data integrity. Patient records were secured using encrypted protocols and unique identifiers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Current Analysis of Age-Related Treatment Response Patterns"}, {"start": 67, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "quarterly assessments"}, {"start": 98, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 months"}, {"start": 110, "end": 121, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 125, "end": 145, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SeniorCare Institute"}, {"start": 174, "end": 195, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Medical Officer"}, {"start": 196, "end": 211, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robert Williams"}, {"start": 221, "end": 250, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Geriatric Medicine Department"}, {"start": 279, "end": 293, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uppsala County"}, {"start": 301, "end": 303, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 352, "end": 362, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.2million"}]}
{"unique_index": 79, "source_text": "Items selected:\\n2012 Dom Perignon Brut, Champagne\\nVenison Croquette with Apple Moustard\\nMarti Foie - Foie Gras, Honey, Tahitian Vanilla, Vodka with Candied Walnuts, Caramelized Pears, Pear Sorbet, Fruit Salad\\nBaguette and unsalted butter\\nAndre's Classic Lobster Thermidor - Cognac, Gruyere, Mustard, Asparagus, Mushrooms\\n2008 5 Puttonyos Royal Tokaji\\nPan Seared Duck Foie Gras - Verjus Reduction, Dried Fruit and Almond Custard Tart\\nSeared Jumbo Sea Scallop - Curried Beurre Blanc, Carrot Ginger Puree, Pickled Fennel\\n2009 Talbott Kali Hart Vineyard, Pinot Noir\\nSauteed Sweetbreads - Minus 8 and Bing Cherries, Sauteed Spinach in Puff Pastry\\nPan Seared Duck Breast - Spiced Orange Gastrique, Duck Jus, Duck and Pistachio Sausage, Currant and Couscous Cake, Sauteed Kale\\nPort Salut - Cherry Compote, Macadamia Tuile\\nMango Sorbet - Caramelized Hibiscus, Tapioca\\nCadbury Egg Souffl\\u00e9 with Creamy Chocolate Sabayon Sauce\\nBrandied Cherries\\nAlmond and Coconut Truffles\\n\\nLocated next to Yusho in the renovated Monte Carlo Andre's had long resided on my Vegas \\\"\"to do\\\"\" list and with the new Spring menu launch coinciding with Easter Traditions I finally opted to pay homage to Chef Rochat's celebrated dining room for a refined experience far too uncommon in this city of modern glitz and glamour.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2012"}, {"start": 22, "end": 39, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Dom Perignon Brut"}, {"start": 243, "end": 250, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Andre's"}, {"start": 327, "end": 331, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 332, "end": 356, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "5 Puttonyos Royal Tokaji"}, {"start": 527, "end": 531, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}, {"start": 532, "end": 558, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Talbott Kali Hart Vineyard"}, {"start": 594, "end": 601, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Minus 8"}, {"start": 782, "end": 792, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Port Salut"}, {"start": 874, "end": 885, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Cadbury Egg"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1007, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Yusho"}, {"start": 1025, "end": 1036, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Monte Carlo"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1044, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Andre's"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1073, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vegas"}, {"start": 1108, "end": 1114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Spring"}, {"start": 1143, "end": 1149, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Easter"}, {"start": 1194, "end": 1198, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chef"}, {"start": 1199, "end": 1205, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rochat"}]}
{"unique_index": 112, "source_text": "Groundwater is definitely declining. What now? “We need to protect water supplies,” says Wash. Gov. Ferguson. But conservation alone won't solve the problem", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Groundwater is definitely declining. What now"}, {"start": 89, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wash."}, {"start": 95, "end": 99, "label": "JOB", "value": "Gov."}, {"start": 100, "end": 108, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferguson"}]}
{"unique_index": 114, "source_text": "Forage King brings gospel of gathering to Northwest. Robin Greenfield has sworn off groceries for a year. Here’s how, here’s why", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Forage King brings gospel of gathering to Northwest"}, {"start": 53, "end": 69, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robin Greenfield"}, {"start": 98, "end": 104, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a year"}]}
{"unique_index": 118, "source_text": "Fergus McIntosh: “Fact-checking is like taking a car apart in a workshop”. In a media landscape riddled with disinformation, where tracing information back to its source has become difficult, fact-checking by editorial teams is vital. Few know the stakes of this essential work better than Fergus McIntosh, the head research editor running the historic fact-checking department at the American weekly magazine The New Yorker.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Fergus McIntosh: “Fact-checking is like taking a car apart in a workshop"}, {"start": 290, "end": 305, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fergus McIntosh"}, {"start": 311, "end": 331, "label": "JOB", "value": "head research editor"}, {"start": 394, "end": 400, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weekly"}, {"start": 410, "end": 424, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The New Yorker"}]}
{"unique_index": 121, "source_text": "Why I chose to study journalism. The context may be challenging and the future uncertain, but Kamiel Vermeulen remains optimistic. The 26-year-old journalist from Amsterdam (the Netherlands) recently completed a master’s degree in journalism and is convinced that the profession has a bright future ahead.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 31, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Why I chose to study journalism"}, {"start": 94, "end": 110, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamiel Vermeulen"}, {"start": 135, "end": 146, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "26-year-old"}, {"start": 147, "end": 157, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 163, "end": 172, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Amsterdam"}, {"start": 178, "end": 189, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Netherlands"}]}
{"unique_index": 122, "source_text": "Quality information, an endangered public good. In a world where it is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish between reliable news and falsehoods, urgent action is needed to defend the right to trustworthy information.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 46, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Quality information, an endangered public good"}]}
{"unique_index": 124, "source_text": "Charity Ekezie: “News organizations need to find more creative ways to engage with youth”. Trained as a journalist, Nigerian content creator Charity Ekezie has shifted from traditional media to focus entirely on digital platforms. In viral videos posted on social media, the TikTok star with 3.7 million followers uses humour to challenge stereotypical perceptions of Africa.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Charity Ekezie: “News organizations need to find more creative ways to engage with youth"}, {"start": 104, "end": 114, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 125, "end": 140, "label": "JOB", "value": "content creator"}, {"start": 141, "end": 155, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Charity Ekezie"}, {"start": 275, "end": 281, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 292, "end": 303, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.7 million"}, {"start": 368, "end": 374, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 144, "source_text": "The fake parenting expert Chinese daughters invented to talk to their parents. A fictional parenting expert became a viral sensation after giving Chinese daughters a voice their parents were more willing to hear.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The fake parenting expert Chinese daughters invented to talk to their parents"}]}
{"unique_index": 146, "source_text": "Nepali Poet Viplob Pratik on literature, language, and a life shaped by words. Global Voices interviews leading Nepali writer Viplob Pratik about his four-decade literary career, reflections on language, culture, technology, society, and literature's enduring relevance across generations in changing times today worldwide.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nepali Poet Viplob Pratik on literature, language, and a life shaped by words"}, {"start": 79, "end": 92, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 119, "end": 125, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 126, "end": 139, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Viplob Pratik"}, {"start": 150, "end": 161, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four-decade"}, {"start": 307, "end": 312, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 159, "source_text": "New female falcon takes up residence in MSU nest box, but no eggs are laid. By Demonte Thomas A new female peregrine falcon has appeared at Michigan State University's falcon nesting box atop Spartan Stadium, marking a significant change at a nesting site occupied by peregrine falcons for years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 74, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "New female falcon takes up residence in MSU nest box, but no eggs are laid"}, {"start": 79, "end": 93, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Demonte Thomas"}, {"start": 140, "end": 165, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Michigan State University"}, {"start": 192, "end": 207, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Spartan Stadium"}]}
{"unique_index": 162, "source_text": "Study finds climate warming directly affects the makeup of plant communities. By Anna Barnes In Michigan, sugar maple populations are rising and eastern redbud trees are making their way north, while coniferous trees, like the black spruce, continue to decline. One suspected cause: climate warming.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 76, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Study finds climate warming directly affects the makeup of plant communities"}, {"start": 81, "end": 92, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna Barnes"}, {"start": 96, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Michigan"}, {"start": 262, "end": 265, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}]}
{"unique_index": 174, "source_text": "Pride is at Home in Sarajevo, But the Rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina Struggles to Follow. Last year, the sixth Sarajevo Pride March brought thousands of people to the streets of Sarajevo in support of the queer community in Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pride is at Home in Sarajevo, But the Rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina Struggles to Follow"}, {"start": 90, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last year"}, {"start": 140, "end": 149, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 178, "end": 186, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sarajevo"}, {"start": 224, "end": 246, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"}]}
{"unique_index": 175, "source_text": "Memorials and Commemorations in Prijedor: Preserving Facts or Entrenching Divisions? Once a well-known iron ore mine, after 1992, the name Omarska became synonymous with the most notorious detention camp where Bosniaks and Croats from the Prijedor area were tortured and killed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Memorials and Commemorations in Prijedor: Preserving Facts or Entrenching Divisions"}, {"start": 124, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1992"}, {"start": 139, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Omarska"}, {"start": 239, "end": 247, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prijedor"}]}
{"unique_index": 176, "source_text": "Srebrenica Youth School 2026. On the occasion of commemorating the 31st anniversary of the genocide in Srebrenica, the Srebrenica Youth School 2026, organized by the Post-Conflict Research Center, will take place from July 6 to 12 in Sarajevo, Tuzla, and Srebrenica.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 28, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Srebrenica Youth School 2026"}, {"start": 67, "end": 83, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "31st anniversary"}, {"start": 103, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Srebrenica"}, {"start": 119, "end": 147, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Srebrenica Youth School 2026"}, {"start": 166, "end": 195, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Post-Conflict Research Center"}, {"start": 218, "end": 230, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 6 to 12"}, {"start": 234, "end": 242, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sarajevo"}, {"start": 244, "end": 249, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuzla"}, {"start": 255, "end": 265, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Srebrenica"}]}
{"unique_index": 177, "source_text": "Interactive museum adventures in Sarajevo and Zagreb. The post-Yugoslav transition has given rise to various complex relationships with the past.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 52, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Interactive museum adventures in Sarajevo and Zagreb"}]}
{"unique_index": 178, "source_text": "Tuzla’s Kapija: A Place of Memory and A Crime Awaiting Justice. Powerful verses are engraved at the Kapija Memorial, where, on Youth Day, May 25th, 1995, a massacre was committed against the young people of Tuzla.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Tuzla’s Kapija: A Place of Memory and A Crime Awaiting Justice"}, {"start": 100, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kapija Memorial"}, {"start": 127, "end": 136, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Youth Day"}, {"start": 138, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 25th, 1995"}, {"start": 207, "end": 212, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuzla"}]}
{"unique_index": 182, "source_text": "Somalia’s emerging security vacuum. Last week, Reuters reported that the United States had informed the African Union (AU) that it would no longer support United Nations-funded logistical assistance for the AU Support and Stabilisation", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 34, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Somalia’s emerging security vacuum"}, {"start": 36, "end": 45, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last week"}, {"start": 47, "end": 54, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reuters"}, {"start": 73, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 104, "end": 117, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Union"}, {"start": 119, "end": 121, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU"}, {"start": 155, "end": 169, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 207, "end": 235, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU Support and Stabilisation"}]}
{"unique_index": 184, "source_text": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #7. Think you know South Africa’s health system? Put your knowledge to the test with Bhekisisa’s health crossword. Drawing on years of reporting, investigations, data and policy coverage, the puzzle offers a fun way to explore the stories, issues and people that have shaped healthcare in South Africa. Stuck on a clue? The answers are waiting somewhere on", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #7"}, {"start": 39, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 105, "end": 114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bhekisisa"}, {"start": 309, "end": 321, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 187, "source_text": "Health Beat #39 | Inside SA’s illegal weight-loss drug trade. This week on Health Beat, the booming market for illegal weight-loss jabs: why are so many people willing to risk them?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Health Beat #39 | Inside SA’s illegal weight-loss drug trade"}, {"start": 62, "end": 71, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This week"}, {"start": 75, "end": 86, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Health Beat"}]}
{"unique_index": 197, "source_text": "Collapse of the Amazon Basin Ecosystem: A Death Foretold. If deforestation continues to rise, forest ecosystems — so vital for conserving biodiversity, replenishing water, and maintaining atmospheric balance, as well as being the ancestral home of thousands of Indigenous peoples — are doomed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 56, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Collapse of the Amazon Basin Ecosystem: A Death Foretold"}, {"start": 248, "end": 257, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 200, "source_text": "Unity, territory, and resistance mark the Assembly of Social Movements. The assembly highlights grassroots work, autonomy, and popular alternatives as pillars of change", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Unity, territory, and resistance mark the Assembly of Social Movements"}]}
{"unique_index": 201, "source_text": "March for climate: at COP30, 70,000 people demand climate justice. During the march, we also explored the histories of struggle of people from various regions of the planet", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 65, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "March for climate: at COP30, 70,000 people demand climate justice"}]}
{"unique_index": 204, "source_text": "U.S. Treasury sanctions on a VPN service knocked out Telegram’s short-link domain worldwide. U.S. Treasury Department sanctions caused a global outage of the t.me domain on July 14, writes the author of the Telegram channel teleLakel, who obtained an official comment from Identity Digital, the company that operates the .me top-level domain.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 91, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "U.S. Treasury sanctions on a VPN service knocked out Telegram’s short-link domain worldwide"}, {"start": 93, "end": 117, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "U.S. Treasury Department"}, {"start": 158, "end": 162, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "t.me"}, {"start": 173, "end": 180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 14"}, {"start": 193, "end": 199, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 207, "end": 215, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 224, "end": 233, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "teleLakel"}, {"start": 273, "end": 289, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Identity Digital"}]}
{"unique_index": 207, "source_text": "Russian media executive Ksenia Sobchak dismisses ‘leaked messages’ that appear to show her dictating her outlet’s coverage: ‘Now it’s ethical to discuss invented screenshots?’. On July 8, the hacker group Black Mirror — which publishes data leaks from the accounts of people tied to the Russian state — and the anonymous VChK-OGPU project posted screenshots of several private conversations. One of the people in them, they said, was the journalist and media executive Ksenia Sobchak.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 173, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Russian media executive Ksenia Sobchak dismisses ‘leaked messages’ that appear to show her dictating her outlet’s coverage: ‘Now it’s ethical to discuss invented screenshots"}, {"start": 180, "end": 186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 8"}, {"start": 205, "end": 217, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Black Mirror"}, {"start": 321, "end": 330, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "VChK-OGPU"}, {"start": 392, "end": 395, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 438, "end": 448, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 453, "end": 468, "label": "JOB", "value": "media executive"}, {"start": 469, "end": 483, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ksenia Sobchak"}]}
{"unique_index": 208, "source_text": "Ukrainska Pravda: Zelensky offers the prime minister’s job to Naftohaz chief Serhiy Koretsky and a mandate to steel Ukraine’s energy system for the war’s hardest winter yet. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has offered the prime minister’s post to Serhiy Koretsky, the head of the energy company Naftohaz, the Ukrainian news outlet Ukrainska Pravda reported, citing unnamed sources. The Financial Times and RBC-Ukraine had earlier named Koretsky one of the leading candidates for the job.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 172, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ukrainska Pravda: Zelensky offers the prime minister’s job to Naftohaz chief Serhiy Koretsky and a mandate to steel Ukraine’s energy system for the war’s hardest winter yet"}, {"start": 184, "end": 193, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 194, "end": 212, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 229, "end": 243, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 254, "end": 269, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Serhiy Koretsky"}, {"start": 302, "end": 310, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Naftohaz"}, {"start": 338, "end": 354, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ukrainska Pravda"}, {"start": 389, "end": 408, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Financial Times"}, {"start": 413, "end": 424, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RBC-Ukraine"}, {"start": 443, "end": 451, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Koretsky"}, {"start": 452, "end": 455, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 215, "source_text": "The frustrations (and aspirations) of an annual report. Across thousands of grassroots organisations in India, a familiar ritual unfolds every year—the making of an annual report. It usually begins with the best intentions of the founder, moves through the chaos of middle management, is fed with inputs from team members on the ground, is compiled by someone who focuses on the aesthetics of the document more than its content, and somehow ends in a glossy document that looks far more calm and organised than the process that produced it. This article is written from the point of view of one such report. -- Hi, you can call me AR.vf.VF.VFF.VFFFF.doc. My pronouns are she/her because I am expected to look flawless while quietly carrying a lot of expectations. Today, I’m going to tell you my story. Conception I was conceived nine months ago in the mind of our leader, in our monthly team meeting, which is where good intentions go to become somebody else’s problem. I was assigned to the newest, youngest team member whose only relevant qualifications were", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 54, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The frustrations (and aspirations) of an annual report"}, {"start": 104, "end": 109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 137, "end": 147, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every year"}, {"start": 230, "end": 237, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 591, "end": 594, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 764, "end": 769, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 830, "end": 845, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "nine months ago"}, {"start": 880, "end": 887, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}]}
{"unique_index": 217, "source_text": "Why women dream of making chili powder in Meghalaya. https://youtu.be/viKmcXQXlbQ?si=TTTBRkkqNajyxa82 In 2020, SeSTA started working with people in the villages of North Garo Hills district in Meghalaya with the aim of creating sustainable livelihoods. The mandate was to help poultry farmers, crop farmers, and micro-entrepreneurs in boosting production, setting up market linkages, and adopting scientific practices that allow them to increase their income in the long run. It soon became a process of collaboration where people brought in fresh ideas and traditional knowledge to make the most of the support that was reaching them. In this video, Hejilla Sangma, Laijish Sangma, Salche D Sangma, and Usha R Marak talk about using community networks to diversify their businesses and what they hope to achieve in the future. Sandip Rabha and Sesrang Koksie from SeSTA and Kalkamchi M Sangma from Faith Foundation also contributed to this article.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Why women dream of making chili powder in Meghalaya"}, {"start": 105, "end": 109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 111, "end": 116, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SeSTA"}, {"start": 164, "end": 180, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Garo Hills"}, {"start": 193, "end": 202, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Meghalaya"}, {"start": 651, "end": 665, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hejilla Sangma"}, {"start": 667, "end": 681, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Laijish Sangma"}, {"start": 683, "end": 698, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Salche D Sangma"}, {"start": 704, "end": 716, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Usha R Marak"}, {"start": 828, "end": 840, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sandip Rabha"}, {"start": 845, "end": 859, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sesrang Koksie"}, {"start": 865, "end": 870, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SeSTA"}, {"start": 875, "end": 893, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kalkamchi M Sangma"}, {"start": 899, "end": 915, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Faith Foundation"}]}
{"unique_index": 219, "source_text": "Thaak, kantalo aney garmi: Climate reshapes artisans’ lives in Ahmedabad. Shahnaz Kucheravala, a 44-year-old master craftsperson in Ahmedabad, describes how the making of handicrafts is shaped by seasonal patterns. “Block printing is done during the summer when the dye and fabric can dry easily. Periods of low humidity are better for embroidery and stitching, as natural fabrics tend to expand, get mouldy, or stained during the monsoon.” However, rising heat, humidity, and unseasonal rainfall in recent years have begun disrupting these traditional rhythms. “We get most of our work in the summer ahead of the festive season. But with artisans or their family members falling sick because of the heat, it becomes hard to complete orders and sometimes we even lose clients,” she explains. Globally, extreme weather events such as heatwaves are becoming more frequent and prolonged, with urban heat island effects intensifying in densely populated cities. Gujarat is no exception. The state ranks among the world’s top fifty regions most at risk from climate hazards. Ahmedabad district in particular has seen a consistent increase in the duration and intensity", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Thaak, kantalo aney garmi: Climate reshapes artisans’ lives in Ahmedabad"}, {"start": 74, "end": 93, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shahnaz Kucheravala"}, {"start": 97, "end": 108, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "44-year-old"}, {"start": 132, "end": 141, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ahmedabad"}, {"start": 250, "end": 256, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}, {"start": 431, "end": 438, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monsoon"}, {"start": 500, "end": 512, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "recent years"}, {"start": 594, "end": 600, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}, {"start": 614, "end": 628, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "festive season"}, {"start": 958, "end": 965, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gujarat"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1026, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "fifty"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1079, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ahmedabad"}]}
{"unique_index": 220, "source_text": "A personality test for the social sector paglus: Part II. The social sector has many personalities. The idealistic. The chaotic. The deeply, sometimes alarmingly, committed. Over time, you meet these personalities in meeting rooms that run 40 minutes over, in e-mail threads that should have been a two-line message, and in pilot projects that have been ‘bas abhi thode time’ away from scale for approximately four years. You recognise them before their names even appear on the thread, a kind of sixth sense, developed through suffering and shared Google Docs. This article is part 2 of your field guide to these familiar figures. 1. The M&E enthusiast If it cannot be measured, it did not happen. If it can be measured, it must be reported quarterly. In four formats. Secretly holds the whole programme together. Nobody says this enough. 2. The whisperer Knows exactly whom to call for what. Across organisations, districts, and government departments, and that one helpful person buried three levels deep in bureaucracy. You do not question their network. You forward the problem and wait, gratefully. Has", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 56, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A personality test for the social sector paglus: Part II"}, {"start": 240, "end": 250, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "40 minutes"}, {"start": 299, "end": 302, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 410, "end": 420, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}, {"start": 742, "end": 751, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "quarterly"}, {"start": 756, "end": 760, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 964, "end": 967, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 990, "end": 995, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 232, "source_text": "Amazon Drought, Kalangala Agroforests & Carbon Confusion. From carbon delays to cultural planting models, today’s forest fixes reveal a deeper tension between what’s counted and what actually counts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 56, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Amazon Drought, Kalangala Agroforests & Carbon Confusion"}, {"start": 106, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 233, "source_text": "How To Celebrate a Falling Empire This Semiquincentennial. Plus: Why a non-unanimous decision on birthright citizenship should concern us all—and how we keep fighting when we want to give in to crippling fear, grief, and panic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 57, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How To Celebrate a Falling Empire This Semiquincentennial"}]}
{"unique_index": 241, "source_text": "From a Photo to Abuse: How AI Is Used to Harm Women Online in Indonesia. Trigger warning: The story contains descriptions of digital sexual abuse and violence. AI tools are making it easier to create sexualized images without consent while victims face real-world consequences and live in fear. Big tech platforms, from Meta to X, TikTok, Telegram, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and OpenAI, haven’t done enough about it. It was June", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 71, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "From a Photo to Abuse: How AI Is Used to Harm Women Online in Indonesia"}, {"start": 320, "end": 324, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 328, "end": 329, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 331, "end": 337, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 339, "end": 347, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 349, "end": 355, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 357, "end": 363, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazon"}, {"start": 365, "end": 374, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 380, "end": 386, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenAI"}]}
{"unique_index": 245, "source_text": "Bantaeng’s Dust Season: Living on the Front Lines of the Nickel Boom. Residents around the Bantaeng Industrial Park must live with thick dust and the constant roar of nickel smelters that are steadily damaging their health and the environment. The “national strategic project” the government promotes as a road to prosperity has instead become a source of seemingly endless hardship. Ambo One afternoon in October 2025, thick", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 68, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bantaeng’s Dust Season: Living on the Front Lines of the Nickel Boom"}, {"start": 91, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bantaeng Industrial Park"}, {"start": 384, "end": 388, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ambo"}, {"start": 389, "end": 402, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "One afternoon"}, {"start": 406, "end": 418, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 249, "source_text": "E20 debate reveals India’s uneven energy transition trade-offs. India’s ethanol push boosts energy security and farm incomes, but consumers remain unconvinced amid mileage and price concerns. The controversy surrounding India’s E20 fuel programme has exposed a deeper tension than a disagreement over automotive technology. Recent proceedings in the Supreme Court and the subsequent clarification issued by the government brought renewed attention to a", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "E20 debate reveals India’s uneven energy transition trade-offs"}, {"start": 64, "end": 69, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 220, "end": 225, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 350, "end": 363, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}]}
{"unique_index": 256, "source_text": "Nationalistic performance versus Bushido traditions: Debates over Japanese cleanup at the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The domestic cynicism serves as a vital reminder that true national dignity cannot be manufactured for international praise.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 109, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nationalistic performance versus Bushido traditions: Debates over Japanese cleanup at the 2026 FIFA World Cup"}]}
{"unique_index": 272, "source_text": "Mosquitoes carrying West Nile virus found in Milwaukee. Here’s how to protect yourself. Milwaukee residents are being urged to take extra precautions against bites after the first mosquitoes carrying West Nile virus in the state this year were identified in the city, according to the Wisconsin Department of Health Services", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 86, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Mosquitoes carrying West Nile virus found in Milwaukee. Here’s how to protect yourself"}, {"start": 88, "end": 97, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}, {"start": 229, "end": 238, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 285, "end": 324, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wisconsin Department of Health Services"}]}
{"unique_index": 273, "source_text": "Post From Community: Gallery Night MKE at Charles Allis Art Museum. Join us for Milwaukee Summer Gallery Night on July 17, and Gallery Day on the 18th.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Post From Community: Gallery Night MKE at Charles Allis Art Museum"}, {"start": 114, "end": 121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 17"}, {"start": 146, "end": 150, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18th"}]}
{"unique_index": 291, "source_text": "CN Appeal of 231 Bay Street North Intensification Closed at OLT Following City Council Action. The CN Rail appeal of a Hamilton Committee of Adjustment decision approving intensification within an existing building at 231 Bay Street North has been closed at the Ontario Land Tribunal. CN Rail filed the appeal because the building’s long-standing residential use was not recognized and had not been deemed a “Class 4 Area” as defined", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "CN Appeal of 231 Bay Street North Intensification Closed at OLT Following City Council Action"}, {"start": 99, "end": 106, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CN Rail"}, {"start": 119, "end": 151, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hamilton Committee of Adjustment"}, {"start": 218, "end": 238, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "231 Bay Street North"}, {"start": 262, "end": 283, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ontario Land Tribunal"}, {"start": 285, "end": 292, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CN Rail"}]}
{"unique_index": 292, "source_text": "Joey’s Linkblog: A Journalism Focused Edition. This edition of my linkblog is focused on journalism. It is a collection of links to stories and issues of interest to my work.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Joey’s Linkblog: A Journalism Focused Edition"}]}
{"unique_index": 293, "source_text": "City Manager Marnie Cluckie Departing Hamilton to become CAO of Halifax Regional Municipality. Cluckie will become Halifax's Chief Administrative Officer after two and a half years leading Hamilton.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "City Manager Marnie Cluckie Departing Hamilton to become CAO of Halifax Regional Municipality"}, {"start": 95, "end": 102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cluckie"}, {"start": 115, "end": 122, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Halifax"}, {"start": 125, "end": 153, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Administrative Officer"}, {"start": 160, "end": 180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two and a half years"}, {"start": 189, "end": 197, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hamilton"}]}
{"unique_index": 297, "source_text": "Hamilton Police Board Cancels Meeting at Last Minute: No Reason Provided. Last week, Council Citizen appointee Anjali Menezes unexpectedly resigned and called for Ontario's Solicitor General to dissolve the Board.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hamilton Police Board Cancels Meeting at Last Minute: No Reason Provided"}, {"start": 74, "end": 83, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last week"}, {"start": 111, "end": 125, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anjali Menezes"}, {"start": 163, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ontario"}, {"start": 173, "end": 190, "label": "JOB", "value": "Solicitor General"}]}
{"unique_index": 298, "source_text": "12-Storey, 153-Unit Rental Tower Proposed for Governor’s Road and Ogilvie Street in Dundas Valley. Wilson says community consultation will be critical given the area's ecological and heritage significance. Design Review hearing on July 9th.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 97, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "12-Storey, 153-Unit Rental Tower Proposed for Governor’s Road and Ogilvie Street in Dundas Valley"}, {"start": 99, "end": 105, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Wilson"}, {"start": 231, "end": 239, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 9th"}]}
{"unique_index": 301, "source_text": "Dr. Anjali Menezes Quits Hamilton Police Board and Calls on Solicitor General to Dissolve It. Menezes says the board is a rubber-stamp for police and has failed marginalized communities", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 92, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Dr. Anjali Menezes Quits Hamilton Police Board and Calls on Solicitor General to Dissolve It"}, {"start": 94, "end": 101, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Menezes"}]}
{"unique_index": 315, "source_text": "NJ legislators approve bills on data centers, nuclear energy and more. New Jersey legislators pondered and passed more than 100 bills Tuesday in Trenton on their race to summer recess.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NJ legislators approve bills on data centers, nuclear energy and more"}, {"start": 71, "end": 81, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Jersey"}, {"start": 124, "end": 127, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 134, "end": 141, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday"}, {"start": 145, "end": 152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trenton"}, {"start": 170, "end": 176, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}]}
{"unique_index": 317, "source_text": "New Jersey passes bill to expand nuclear energy. Despite opposition from advocacy groups and concerns about cost, the legislature unanimously passed the \"Power NJ Act\" to increase nuclear power across the state.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 47, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "New Jersey passes bill to expand nuclear energy"}]}
{"unique_index": 319, "source_text": "The Russian ‘counterterrorism’ unit behind Alexei Navalny’s poisoning tried to automate its search for domestic dissent using Meta’s Llama 2. After a year and a half, the project collapsed. The FSB’s Second Service is officially charged with protecting the constitutional order and combating terrorism. In practice, the unit works to stamp out dissent in Russia: it has plotted the assassinations of opposition politicians, works to restrict internet access, and monitors the news for signs of dissent. To automate that last job, the “Dvoyka” — as the Second Service is known — commissioned an AI-powered system for monitoring news outlets and social media in the spring of 2024. The developer was the Kazan-based company Mikord, which had also worked on components of Russia’s unified military registry and was hacked in December 2025. iStories examined material from that breach relating to the FSB’s news monitoring system. The system was called PAUK — Russian for “SPIDER.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 188, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Russian ‘counterterrorism’ unit behind Alexei Navalny’s poisoning tried to automate its search for domestic dissent using Meta’s Llama 2. After a year and a half, the project collapsed"}, {"start": 194, "end": 197, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FSB"}, {"start": 200, "end": 214, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Second Service"}, {"start": 355, "end": 361, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 535, "end": 541, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dvoyka"}, {"start": 552, "end": 566, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Second Service"}, {"start": 664, "end": 678, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "spring of 2024"}, {"start": 702, "end": 707, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazan"}, {"start": 722, "end": 728, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Mikord"}, {"start": 769, "end": 775, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 822, "end": 835, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 837, "end": 845, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "iStories"}, {"start": 897, "end": 900, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FSB"}, {"start": 949, "end": 953, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "PAUK"}, {"start": 969, "end": 975, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "SPIDER"}]}
{"unique_index": 327, "source_text": "Goldenrod Therapeutics raises $6.5 million to test UNMC-created drug that could change modern medicine. Incubated by Houston-based Fannin Innovation Studio, the 11h drug created in Nebraska will move toward phase 1 clinical trials in humans. If successful, it could serve as a miracle treatment for incurable neurodegenerative diseases.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 102, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Goldenrod Therapeutics raises $6.5 million to test UNMC-created drug that could change modern medicine"}, {"start": 117, "end": 124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Houston"}, {"start": 131, "end": 155, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Fannin Innovation Studio"}, {"start": 161, "end": 164, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "11h"}, {"start": 181, "end": 189, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nebraska"}]}
{"unique_index": 335, "source_text": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #8. Think you know South Africa’s health system? Put your knowledge to the test with Bhekisisa’s health crossword. Drawing on years of reporting, investigations, data and policy coverage, the puzzle offers a fun way to explore the stories, issues and people that have shaped healthcare in South Africa. Stuck on a clue? The answers are waiting somewhere on", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #8"}, {"start": 39, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 105, "end": 114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bhekisisa"}, {"start": 309, "end": 321, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 337, "source_text": "Who belongs on your board. A good board can add tremendous value to an organisation. The law requires every registered nonprofit to have one, but in the early stages, boards are often made up of friends and family. It rarely evolves to include other kinds of individuals who can add value to the role and to the organisation's mission. Founders of nonprofits in India continue to rely heavily on inviting board members they already have some relationship with, usually directly or through other board members or stakeholders of the organisation. This isn't always problematic, but it does limit how well an organisation can identify the best person for an effective board role. Nonprofits also tend to prioritise funding and fundraising skills as the key requirement for board involvement. And while this is an important element, given that a lot of funding in India is based on relationships and on the founder’s own credibility, it raises a real question. If a nonprofit wants to strengthen its board beyond its ability to draw in funding, what are", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 25, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Who belongs on your board"}, {"start": 137, "end": 140, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 362, "end": 367, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 861, "end": 866, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 904, "end": 911, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}]}
{"unique_index": 341, "source_text": "Is Meghalaya learning to read its own health data? For decades, any serious conversation about public health in India's Northeast has begun with an apology for the gaps in research, evidence, and data. Policy briefs hedge with caveats. Academic papers note the absence of region-specific studies. Programme reviews flag poor reporting. And somewhere in that recurring acknowledgement of what is missing, the Northeast has become an afterthought in national health discussions—visible on the map, but often invisible in the evidence. Meghalaya exemplified this most sharply. A state of more than 30 lakh people, governed through a layered patchwork of district administrations, traditional institutions, and autonomous district councils, it rarely appeared in national health literature except as a data point in a table, or worse, as a missing value. That absence of reliable data has real consequences. When data does not exist, decisions get made anyway on assumptions borrowed from elsewhere, on national averages that erase local variation, on the instincts of administrators who might or might not understand the terrain. The absence of data is never neutral. It shapes", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 49, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Is Meghalaya learning to read its own health data"}, {"start": 55, "end": 62, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "decades"}, {"start": 112, "end": 117, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 120, "end": 129, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Northeast"}, {"start": 408, "end": 417, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Northeast"}, {"start": 533, "end": 542, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Meghalaya"}, {"start": 595, "end": 597, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}]}
{"unique_index": 345, "source_text": "Operation Sindoor: Did Rajnath Singh claim no soldiers were killed? Soon after the Union government on June 26 officially disclosed the names of the six armed forces personnel killed during Operation Sindoor last year, Opposition leaders demanded Union defence minister Rajnath Singh’s resignation alleging that Singh had “lied to” Parliament and the general public in his 2025 speech, by claiming that no soldiers had been", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Operation Sindoor: Did Rajnath Singh claim no soldiers were killed"}, {"start": 83, "end": 99, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Union government"}, {"start": 103, "end": 110, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 26"}, {"start": 149, "end": 152, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 208, "end": 217, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 253, "end": 269, "label": "JOB", "value": "defence minister"}, {"start": 270, "end": 283, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rajnath Singh"}, {"start": 312, "end": 317, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Singh"}, {"start": 332, "end": 342, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Parliament"}, {"start": 373, "end": 377, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 355, "source_text": "Federal Tax Cuts for the Wealthy Are Bankrupting States. Some Are Fighting Back.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 79, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Federal Tax Cuts for the Wealthy Are Bankrupting States. Some Are Fighting Back"}]}
{"unique_index": 359, "source_text": "Ukrainian heritage month bill stalls as House breaks for summer. Bill S-210 has passed the Senate and cleared a House committee, but MPs did not complete the final debate before the Commons adjourned until Sept. 21.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ukrainian heritage month bill stalls as House breaks for summer"}, {"start": 91, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Senate"}, {"start": 112, "end": 117, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "House"}, {"start": 182, "end": 189, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Commons"}, {"start": 206, "end": 214, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sept. 21"}]}
{"unique_index": 363, "source_text": "AI is reshaping both sides of Canada’s immigration fraud battle. As artificial intelligence becomes a tool for both fraudsters and the federal government, Canada’s immigration system is entering an arms race in which the same technology is being used to deceive authorities—and to detect deception.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI is reshaping both sides of Canada’s immigration fraud battle"}, {"start": 111, "end": 115, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 155, "end": 161, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}]}
{"unique_index": 374, "source_text": "Russia’s state gas giant Gazprom drops 5% to an all-time low on the Moscow Exchange. Gazprom shares fell to 83.98 rubles on the Moscow Exchange on July 16, hitting an all-time low — down 5% from the previous session’s close.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Russia’s state gas giant Gazprom drops 5% to an all-time low on the Moscow Exchange"}, {"start": 85, "end": 92, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gazprom"}, {"start": 108, "end": 113, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "83.98"}, {"start": 128, "end": 143, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Moscow Exchange"}, {"start": 147, "end": 154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 16"}, {"start": 187, "end": 188, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5"}]}
{"unique_index": 394, "source_text": "‘I felt like I had been loaned out’: the children sent to relatives in search of a better life. Image Description: A folded school uniform rests on a concrete floor beside a straw broom, a shallow metal basin, and a small cooking pot. The room is dim and empty with no people present. Fatimah’s life would never be the same after her mother decided to move on with a new husband. She was born out…", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 94, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "‘I felt like I had been loaned out’: the children sent to relatives in search of a better life"}, {"start": 285, "end": 292, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fatimah"}]}
{"unique_index": 401, "source_text": "The “Politics” of Faces on Interior Ministry Pages. On the Syrian Interior Ministry’s official Telegram channel, news of an arrest is rarely presented as a mere administrative notice. More often, it is accompanied by a photograph, a video clip, or emphatic language that frames the detainee not as a suspect still under investigation, but as part of an almost fully formed security narrative: “terrorist cell,” “criminal,” “preemptive strike,” “the Ministry brought them down.”...", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 50, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The “Politics” of Faces on Interior Ministry Pages"}, {"start": 66, "end": 83, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Interior Ministry"}, {"start": 95, "end": 103, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}]}
{"unique_index": 402, "source_text": "Why Syria Needs to Reckon With the Massacres of 1860. Last July, as I watched with sorrow the bloodshed unfolding in Suwayda, I found myself, almost instinctively, searching the pages of history for answers. I was outside Syria at the time, but I had with me Eugene Rogan’s The Damascus Events, which recounts in detail another massacre that likewise unfolded beneath the July sun, more than a century and a half before the events in...", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 52, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Why Syria Needs to Reckon With the Massacres of 1860"}, {"start": 54, "end": 63, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last July"}, {"start": 117, "end": 124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Suwayda"}, {"start": 222, "end": 227, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syria"}, {"start": 259, "end": 271, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Eugene Rogan"}, {"start": 274, "end": 293, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Damascus Events"}, {"start": 372, "end": 376, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July"}, {"start": 392, "end": 412, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a century and a half"}]}
{"unique_index": 405, "source_text": "Syria’s Antiquities Trade Fantasy. Over the past several years, antiquities trafficking – and the brokerage networks that grew up around it – have become more than a fringe phenomenon linked to illegal excavation and smuggling. They have come to embody what might be called an “economy of illusion”: a moment when thousands of Syrians shifted from looking for work to looking for a miracle, and from relying on hard...", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 33, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Syria’s Antiquities Trade Fantasy"}, {"start": 44, "end": 62, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past several years"}, {"start": 314, "end": 323, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 415, "source_text": "He was supposed to fund Russia’s drive to replace Western imports. So how did an adult-diaper factory end up losing 50 million rubles? A Moscow court has ordered the detention of Dmitry Kolobov on suspicion of fraud on an especially large scale. Kolobov formerly headed the Industry and Trade Ministry’s Department for Industrial Development and Socially Significant Goods. The Russian state news agency TASS and the business news outlet RBC reported the detention, citing sources.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 133, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "He was supposed to fund Russia’s drive to replace Western imports. So how did an adult-diaper factory end up losing 50 million rubles"}, {"start": 137, "end": 143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 179, "end": 193, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dmitry Kolobov"}, {"start": 246, "end": 253, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kolobov"}, {"start": 274, "end": 301, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Industry and Trade Ministry"}, {"start": 304, "end": 372, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department for Industrial Development and Socially Significant Goods"}, {"start": 404, "end": 408, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TASS"}, {"start": 438, "end": 441, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RBC"}]}
{"unique_index": 416, "source_text": "As Russian missiles and drones pound Kyiv, the EU targets the conglomerate that builds the guidance systems for both. The European Council imposed sanctions in July in response to Russian strikes on Kyiv. The measures target Irina Kharisova, chair of ABS Electro’s board, and five companies within the group.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 116, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "As Russian missiles and drones pound Kyiv, the EU targets the conglomerate that builds the guidance systems for both"}, {"start": 122, "end": 138, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Council"}, {"start": 160, "end": 164, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July"}, {"start": 199, "end": 203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyiv"}, {"start": 225, "end": 240, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Irina Kharisova"}, {"start": 242, "end": 247, "label": "JOB", "value": "chair"}, {"start": 251, "end": 262, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ABS Electro"}, {"start": 276, "end": 280, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}]}
{"unique_index": 420, "source_text": "Are nesting dolls and kokoshnik headdresses even Russian? A former Pushkin Museum director’s answer just got her reported to prosecutors. On June 18, Elizaveta Likhacheva, an art historian and former director of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, sat down with YouTuber Pavel Kostin for an interview that focused mainly on education and child-rearing — but it was her remarks on Russian culture and identity that drew the most attention. “Why distance ourselves from Western culture? I don’t understand it,” she told Kostin. “Russia is part of a great civilization. For us, this may be our last chance to reckon with that question.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 136, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Are nesting dolls and kokoshnik headdresses even Russian? A former Pushkin Museum director’s answer just got her reported to prosecutors"}, {"start": 141, "end": 148, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 18"}, {"start": 150, "end": 170, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elizaveta Likhacheva"}, {"start": 175, "end": 188, "label": "JOB", "value": "art historian"}, {"start": 200, "end": 208, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 216, "end": 249, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts"}, {"start": 265, "end": 273, "label": "JOB", "value": "YouTuber"}, {"start": 274, "end": 286, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pavel Kostin"}, {"start": 521, "end": 527, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kostin"}, {"start": 530, "end": 536, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 424, "source_text": "Baruipur rape-murder accused Ananda Sardar was CPI(M)’s polling agent? No, fake document viral. A screenshot of an alleged Facebook post is being widely shared on social media with the claim that Ananda (Anondo) Sardar, one of the accused arrested in the alleged rape and murder of a minor in West Bengal’s Baruipur, had served as a CPI(M) polling agent during the 2026 assembly elections. The minor girl’s body", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 94, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Baruipur rape-murder accused Ananda Sardar was CPI(M)’s polling agent? No, fake document viral"}, {"start": 123, "end": 131, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 196, "end": 218, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ananda (Anondo) Sardar"}, {"start": 220, "end": 223, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 293, "end": 304, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Bengal"}, {"start": 307, "end": 315, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Baruipur"}, {"start": 333, "end": 339, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CPI(M)"}, {"start": 365, "end": 369, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 433, "source_text": "Beyond the spotlight: Three PhD scholars, 21 days without food, and a government that remains unmoved. By the time Delhi Police removed Sonam Wangchuk from Jantar Mantar and admitted him to Safdarjung Hospital on the morning of July 18, the spotlight had already been fixed on his deteriorating health. But a few metres away from the main stage, three lesser-known faces remained where they had been for three weeks — still", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 101, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Beyond the spotlight: Three PhD scholars, 21 days without food, and a government that remains unmoved"}, {"start": 115, "end": 127, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Delhi Police"}, {"start": 136, "end": 150, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 156, "end": 169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 190, "end": 209, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Safdarjung Hospital"}, {"start": 217, "end": 235, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "morning of July 18"}, {"start": 309, "end": 312, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 346, "end": 351, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 404, "end": 415, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three weeks"}]}
{"unique_index": 434, "source_text": "Cambodian law can render citizens stateless for ‘undermining national security’. “I know how easily words like ‘traitor’ and ‘enemy’ can be wielded by those in power to crush hope and sow fear.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 78, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cambodian law can render citizens stateless for ‘undermining national security"}]}
{"unique_index": 437, "source_text": "In a Wisconsin land rush, data centers made them millionaires. Some sellers whose properties fetched several times the fair market value are dissatisfied, and their former neighbors aren’t happy either.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 61, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "In a Wisconsin land rush, data centers made them millionaires"}, {"start": 101, "end": 114, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several times"}]}
{"unique_index": 448, "source_text": "Nepal’s slum demolitions spark human rights outcry. Nepal’s slum demolitions have displaced thousands, turning a promise of land reform into a human rights crisis. The mass eviction of slums and informal settlements in Nepal’s capital Kathmandu and surrounding districts has displaced an estimated 15,000–20,000 people. On April 25, the Nepal government began forcibly removing landless residents from the Kathmandu Valley, later extending", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 50, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nepal’s slum demolitions spark human rights outcry"}, {"start": 52, "end": 57, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 92, "end": 101, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 219, "end": 224, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 235, "end": 244, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kathmandu"}, {"start": 298, "end": 311, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15,000–20,000"}, {"start": 323, "end": 331, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 25"}, {"start": 337, "end": 342, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 406, "end": 422, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kathmandu Valley"}]}
{"unique_index": 454, "source_text": "Roscosmos institute scientist arrested in Moscow on treason charges. Moscow’s Meshchansky Court has arrested Maxim Kravchuk, a 35-year-old scientist, on treason charges, the Russian Telegram news channel Ostorozhno Novosti and the Russian business news outlet RBC reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 67, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Roscosmos institute scientist arrested in Moscow on treason charges"}, {"start": 69, "end": 75, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 78, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meshchansky Court"}, {"start": 109, "end": 123, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maxim Kravchuk"}, {"start": 127, "end": 138, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "35-year-old"}, {"start": 139, "end": 148, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientist"}, {"start": 182, "end": 190, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 204, "end": 222, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ostorozhno Novosti"}, {"start": 260, "end": 263, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RBC"}]}
{"unique_index": 455, "source_text": "Moscow Exchange index falls to lowest since fall 2022. Russia’s Moscow Exchange index dropped below 1,900 points at Monday’s open for the first time since October 10, 2022.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 53, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Moscow Exchange index falls to lowest since fall 2022"}, {"start": 55, "end": 61, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 64, "end": 79, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Moscow Exchange"}, {"start": 100, "end": 105, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,900"}, {"start": 116, "end": 122, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday"}, {"start": 138, "end": 148, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "first time"}, {"start": 155, "end": 171, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 10, 2022"}]}
{"unique_index": 460, "source_text": "Prairie Portraits: Amy Johnson. The Prairie Portraits series features founders, funders and community builders from Nebraska's innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 30, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prairie Portraits: Amy Johnson"}, {"start": 36, "end": 53, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prairie Portraits"}, {"start": 70, "end": 78, "label": "JOB", "value": "founders"}, {"start": 80, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "funders"}, {"start": 92, "end": 110, "label": "JOB", "value": "community builders"}, {"start": 116, "end": 124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nebraska"}]}
{"unique_index": 465, "source_text": "A 12-year-old’s antiwar drawing sent her father to Russian prison. Three years later, they’re starting over in Paris after a stalled bid for asylum in Germany. In the fall of 2024, Alexei Moskalev — released from prison after being convicted of “discrediting” the Russian military — reunited with his 14-year-old daughter, Masha, and the two moved from Russia to Armenia. There, they applied for a German humanitarian visa. But in 2025, Germany effectively closed that program to Russians. In March 2026, France issued humanitarian visas to the Moskalevs. On July 17, they were granted political asylum. Bereg, a cooperative of independent journalists, spoke with Alexei Moskalev about how the family’s new life is beginning. Meduza is publishing the interview in full.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 158, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A 12-year-old’s antiwar drawing sent her father to Russian prison. Three years later, they’re starting over in Paris after a stalled bid for asylum in Germany"}, {"start": 167, "end": 179, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "fall of 2024"}, {"start": 181, "end": 196, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alexei Moskalev"}, {"start": 301, "end": 312, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14-year-old"}, {"start": 323, "end": 328, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Masha"}, {"start": 338, "end": 341, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 353, "end": 359, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 363, "end": 370, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Armenia"}, {"start": 431, "end": 435, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 437, "end": 444, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 493, "end": 503, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 505, "end": 511, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 559, "end": 566, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 17"}, {"start": 604, "end": 609, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bereg"}, {"start": 640, "end": 651, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 664, "end": 679, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alexei Moskalev"}, {"start": 726, "end": 732, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meduza"}]}
{"unique_index": 466, "source_text": "Roskomnadzor says it isn’t blocking the App Store, but Russia’s outage started the day after its ultimatum to Apple expired. Users in Russia have been reporting problems with the App Store. Availability of the service began declining on July 16 and has not recovered since. Roskomnadzor representatives said they are not blocking the App Store. Journalists, however, suspect Russian authorities imposed the restrictions in response to Apple’s recent removal of VK apps from the App Store. Here’s what’s confirmed so far, and what a full App Store block in Russia could mean for users.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 123, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Roskomnadzor says it isn’t blocking the App Store, but Russia’s outage started the day after its ultimatum to Apple expired"}, {"start": 134, "end": 140, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 179, "end": 188, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "App Store"}, {"start": 237, "end": 244, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 16"}, {"start": 274, "end": 286, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Roskomnadzor"}, {"start": 334, "end": 343, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "App Store"}, {"start": 345, "end": 356, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalists"}, {"start": 435, "end": 440, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 461, "end": 463, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "VK"}, {"start": 478, "end": 487, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "App Store"}, {"start": 537, "end": 546, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "App Store"}, {"start": 556, "end": 562, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 471, "source_text": "Milwaukee celebrates Hank Aaron with mural at Clinton Rose Senior Center. Henry “Hank” Aaron’s legacy and the 50th anniversary of his 755th home run were honored Monday in Milwaukee.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Milwaukee celebrates Hank Aaron with mural at Clinton Rose Senior Center"}, {"start": 74, "end": 92, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Henry “Hank” Aaron"}, {"start": 110, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "50th anniversary"}, {"start": 134, "end": 139, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "755th"}, {"start": 162, "end": 168, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday"}, {"start": 172, "end": 181, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}]}
{"unique_index": 472, "source_text": "In Viet Nam’s Mekong Delta, debt can be deadlier than droughts. Farmers too scarred by extreme droughts and saltwater intrusion to borrow again", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "In Viet Nam’s Mekong Delta, debt can be deadlier than droughts"}]}
{"unique_index": 475, "source_text": "Myanmar’s lifeline river becomes harder to navigate. Longer dry spells, stronger monsoon currents and conflict-driven forest loss are making the Lay Myo River – one of northern Rakhine State's main transport lifelines – shallower and less predictable", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Myanmar’s lifeline river becomes harder to navigate"}, {"start": 145, "end": 158, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lay Myo River"}, {"start": 161, "end": 164, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 177, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rakhine State"}]}
{"unique_index": 479, "source_text": "What’s in a cut: the grass not so green on the other side. As climate impacts intensify, tender beef lovers in Viet Nam ultimately face ethical questions beyond food fraud", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 57, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "What’s in a cut: the grass not so green on the other side"}, {"start": 111, "end": 119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Viet Nam"}]}
{"unique_index": 487, "source_text": "Democratising outcomes-based financing. India set out on its outcomes-based finance (OBF) journey in 2015 with the Educate Girls Development Impact Bond. Since then, at least USD 59 million[1] has been mobilised through various OBF initiatives across sectors such as health, education, employment, and livelihoods.[2] OBF is broadly defined as a flexible set of financing mechanisms and organisational strategies that link payments to the achievement of pre-defined and verified outcomes. All OBF mechanisms are defined around three principles: the extent to which funding is tied to results, the balance between outputs and outcomes used to trigger payments, and allocation of performance risk among stakeholders. Discussions around scaling and mainstreaming OBF have recently gained momentum. This has been bolstered by the success of early initiatives and the government’s promotion of OBF for skilling and livelihoods. One of the ways in which OBF can be scaled is by ensuring that a larger number of donors and implementation partners (IPs) can participate, which is critical for the approach to gain credibility and evolve. While OBF", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 38, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Democratising outcomes-based financing"}, {"start": 40, "end": 45, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 101, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 115, "end": 152, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Educate Girls Development Impact Bond"}, {"start": 179, "end": 189, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "59 million"}, {"start": 527, "end": 532, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 923, "end": 926, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}]}
{"unique_index": 488, "source_text": "Transforming South Africa’s power grid, virtually. As South Africa's renewables boom creates millions of connected energy assets, Virtual Power Plants could transform homes into a smart network. Thabo Molelekwa investigates", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 49, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Transforming South Africa’s power grid, virtually"}, {"start": 54, "end": 66, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 93, "end": 101, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 195, "end": 210, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thabo Molelekwa"}]}
{"unique_index": 489, "source_text": "Pollution regulations flouted as Zimbabwe’s plastic crisis deepens. Zimbabwe has had laws banning thin plastic packaging and polystyrene containers since 2010, but plastic waste has grown by 50,000 tonnes since then. Macdonald Mudzaki investigates", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pollution regulations flouted as Zimbabwe’s plastic crisis deepens"}, {"start": 68, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zimbabwe"}, {"start": 154, "end": 158, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 191, "end": 197, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50,000"}, {"start": 205, "end": 215, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "since then"}, {"start": 217, "end": 234, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Macdonald Mudzaki"}]}
{"unique_index": 507, "source_text": "Mexico’s 99% Demanded Justice by Showing FIFA, Billionaires, and Corporations a Red Card", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Mexico’s 99% Demanded Justice by Showing FIFA, Billionaires, and Corporations a Red Card"}]}
{"unique_index": 508, "source_text": "Baton-with-nails videos indeed from July 20 protests. Delhi Police, PIB’s ‘fact check’ incorrect. After participants from the July 20 march in Delhi put up videos on social media saying that police were carrying batons with nails fixed on them during the crackdown on protesters, Delhi police called the claims misleading and false. Two videos surfaced on social media showing such batons and protesters confronting police officers about their", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 96, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Baton-with-nails videos indeed from July 20 protests. Delhi Police, PIB’s ‘fact check’ incorrect"}, {"start": 126, "end": 133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 20"}, {"start": 143, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi"}, {"start": 280, "end": 292, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Delhi police"}, {"start": 333, "end": 336, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 416, "end": 431, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officers"}]}
{"unique_index": 511, "source_text": "Company secures world-first fusion power license in Washington. Construction is underway for a plant that will provide electricity for a Microsoft data center", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Company secures world-first fusion power license in Washington"}, {"start": 137, "end": 146, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}]}
{"unique_index": 519, "source_text": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #9. Think you know South Africa’s health system? Put your knowledge to the test with Bhekisisa’s health crossword. Drawing on years of reporting, investigations, data and policy coverage, the puzzle offers a fun way to explore the stories, issues and people that have shaped healthcare in South Africa. Stuck on a clue? The answers are waiting somewhere on", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #9"}, {"start": 39, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 105, "end": 114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bhekisisa"}, {"start": 146, "end": 151, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "years"}, {"start": 309, "end": 321, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 524, "source_text": "Old, unrelated video falsely shared as showing youths gathering at India Gate in support of the Delhi Police against the CJP protests. The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest on 28 June and began an indefinite hunger strike. On 20 July, protesters launched a “Chalo", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 133, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Old, unrelated video falsely shared as showing youths gathering at India Gate in support of the Delhi Police against the CJP protests"}, {"start": 139, "end": 161, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 163, "end": 166, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 194, "end": 207, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 211, "end": 220, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 224, "end": 236, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 267, "end": 291, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 292, "end": 310, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 352, "end": 368, "label": "JOB", "value": "Climate activist"}, {"start": 369, "end": 383, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 406, "end": 413, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June"}, {"start": 456, "end": 463, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 July"}]}
{"unique_index": 527, "source_text": "Mob vandalizing SUV: Bihar video falsely viral as Muslim CJP protestor torching BJP leader’s car. A video, around 37 seconds in length, is viral on social media, showing a Muslim man trying to set fire to a black SUV. It is being shared as showing a Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) protestor setting ablaze a car of a BJP worker in broad daylight. In the video, policemen can be spotted negotiating", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 96, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Mob vandalizing SUV: Bihar video falsely viral as Muslim CJP protestor torching BJP leader’s car"}, {"start": 114, "end": 124, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "37 seconds"}, {"start": 250, "end": 271, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janta Party"}, {"start": 273, "end": 276, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 314, "end": 317, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BJP"}, {"start": 358, "end": 367, "label": "JOB", "value": "policemen"}]}
{"unique_index": 530, "source_text": "None of these videos show Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Vijay visiting Jantar Mantar in New Delhi. The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest on 28 June and began an indefinite hunger strike. On 20 July, protesters launched a “Chalo", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "None of these videos show Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Vijay visiting Jantar Mantar in New Delhi"}, {"start": 99, "end": 121, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 123, "end": 126, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 154, "end": 167, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 171, "end": 180, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 184, "end": 196, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 227, "end": 251, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 252, "end": 270, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 312, "end": 328, "label": "JOB", "value": "Climate activist"}, {"start": 329, "end": 343, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 366, "end": 373, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June"}, {"start": 416, "end": 423, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 July"}]}
{"unique_index": 537, "source_text": "Oracle credit rating drops amid Wisconsin fight over data center credit rules. The downgrade comes as Oracle challenges state regulators' decision to require companies with lower credit ratings to post millions in collateral for new data centers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Oracle credit rating drops amid Wisconsin fight over data center credit rules"}, {"start": 102, "end": 108, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Oracle"}, {"start": 126, "end": 136, "label": "JOB", "value": "regulators"}, {"start": 202, "end": 210, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 545, "source_text": "From Mexico to Venezuela: A diaspora’s race to save lives. From Mexico, Venezuelans mobilized within hours, building trusted networks to deliver aid and proving that solidarity can cross any border.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 57, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "From Mexico to Venezuela: A diaspora’s race to save lives"}, {"start": 64, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 94, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "within hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 552, "source_text": "No one fired pellet guns in Delhi. Someone owes 25-year-old Irshad Mansoori an explanation. He lies in a hospital bed with a pellet lodged near a blood vessel in his neck even after undergoing a surgery on July 21. Someone should also explain to 19-year-old Sahil Lochab, recovering from a surgery on July 22, how he received a grievous eye injury and", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 33, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "No one fired pellet guns in Delhi"}, {"start": 48, "end": 59, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25-year-old"}, {"start": 60, "end": 75, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Irshad Mansoori"}, {"start": 206, "end": 213, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 21"}, {"start": 246, "end": 257, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "19-year-old"}, {"start": 258, "end": 270, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sahil Lochab"}, {"start": 301, "end": 308, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 22"}]}
{"unique_index": 555, "source_text": "Russian man gets 20 years for killing military police officer who tried to detain his deserter son. The Lipetsk Regional Court sentenced 63-year-old Alexey Zaitsev to 20 years in prison for killing a military police officer, the court’s press service reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 98, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Russian man gets 20 years for killing military police officer who tried to detain his deserter son"}, {"start": 104, "end": 126, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lipetsk Regional Court"}, {"start": 137, "end": 148, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "63-year-old"}, {"start": 149, "end": 163, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alexey Zaitsev"}, {"start": 167, "end": 175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 200, "end": 223, "label": "JOB", "value": "military police officer"}]}
{"unique_index": 567, "source_text": "Post From Community: Whitnall Knoll Gathering Circle ribbon cutting. \"Riverwest neighbors transform forgotten neighborhood green space into a native pollinator gathering point honoring the founder of Milwaukee's park system.\"", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 67, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Post From Community: Whitnall Knoll Gathering Circle ribbon cutting"}, {"start": 70, "end": 79, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riverwest"}, {"start": 189, "end": 196, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 200, "end": 209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}]}
{"unique_index": 572, "source_text": "Old Bihar protest video falsely shared as showing police action during the CJP protest in Delhi. The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest on 28 June 2026 and launched an indefinite hunger strike. On 20 July 2026, protesters’ “Chalo", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 95, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Old Bihar protest video falsely shared as showing police action during the CJP protest in Delhi"}, {"start": 101, "end": 123, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 125, "end": 128, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 156, "end": 169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 173, "end": 182, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 186, "end": 198, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 229, "end": 253, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 254, "end": 272, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 314, "end": 330, "label": "JOB", "value": "Climate activist"}, {"start": 331, "end": 345, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 368, "end": 380, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June 2026"}, {"start": 426, "end": 438, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 July 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 573, "source_text": "What frontline social workers need to stay safe at work. On August 5, 2019, Kritika*, a counsellor at Shakti Shalini, was withdrawing cash from an ATM near our office in Jangpura, New Delhi, when she was attacked by a group of eight people attempting to abduct her. The attack was led by the former partner of a survivor of sexual and gender-based violence living at Shakti Shalini's shelter home. Kritika was handling the case, protecting the survivor’s well-being and identity. Despite the presence of several bystanders, she did not get any help when she was attacked. Kritika eventually managed to escape, but her case is not an exception. While there is limited data on the safety of frontline social workers, human rights defenders, and crisis responders, evidence from the health sector shows that violence against frontline workers is routine. During the COVID-19 pandemic alone, 133 attacks against healthcare workers were documented despite the existence of legal protections. Frontline social workers, however, continue to play a critical role in crisis response, social justice, development, and empowerment efforts without comparable recognition or", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 55, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "What frontline social workers need to stay safe at work"}, {"start": 60, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 5, 2019"}, {"start": 76, "end": 83, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kritika"}, {"start": 88, "end": 98, "label": "JOB", "value": "counsellor"}, {"start": 102, "end": 116, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Shakti Shalini"}, {"start": 170, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jangpura"}, {"start": 180, "end": 189, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 227, "end": 232, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 367, "end": 381, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Shakti Shalini"}, {"start": 398, "end": 405, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kritika"}, {"start": 504, "end": 511, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 572, "end": 579, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kritika"}, {"start": 689, "end": 713, "label": "JOB", "value": "frontline social workers"}, {"start": 715, "end": 737, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 743, "end": 760, "label": "JOB", "value": "crisis responders"}, {"start": 888, "end": 891, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "133"}, {"start": 908, "end": 926, "label": "JOB", "value": "healthcare workers"}]}
{"unique_index": 577, "source_text": "Scattered by War, United by Football. When Bosnia and Herzegovina qualified for the 2026 World Cup in the USA, Mexico and Canada, celebrations erupted across the country and throughout Bosnian communities around the world.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 36, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Scattered by War, United by Football"}, {"start": 43, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"}, {"start": 84, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 106, "end": 109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "USA"}, {"start": 111, "end": 117, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 122, "end": 128, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}]}
{"unique_index": 579, "source_text": "Kommersant: foreign messaging app audience in Russia grew 26%. Telegram remains among leaders despite being blocked. The combined audience of foreign messaging apps that remain unblocked in Russia grew 26% in the second quarter of 2026, the Russian business daily Kommersant reported, citing a study by the Russian mobile operator MTS AdTech.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 115, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kommersant: foreign messaging app audience in Russia grew 26%. Telegram remains among leaders despite being blocked"}, {"start": 190, "end": 196, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 202, "end": 204, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26"}, {"start": 213, "end": 235, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "second quarter of 2026"}, {"start": 264, "end": 274, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kommersant"}, {"start": 331, "end": 341, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MTS AdTech"}]}
{"unique_index": 582, "source_text": "Electricity consumption in occupied Crimea nearly halves in July amid blackouts from Ukrainian strikes. Electricity consumption in occupied Crimea fell 42% year over year in the first 20 days of July 2026, and dropped 28% compared with the first 20 days of June, according to a study by the independent Russian media outlet The Bell.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 102, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Electricity consumption in occupied Crimea nearly halves in July amid blackouts from Ukrainian strikes"}, {"start": 140, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Crimea"}, {"start": 152, "end": 154, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "42"}, {"start": 156, "end": 170, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "year over year"}, {"start": 178, "end": 204, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "first 20 days of July 2026"}, {"start": 218, "end": 220, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28"}, {"start": 240, "end": 261, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "first 20 days of June"}, {"start": 324, "end": 332, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Bell"}]}
{"unique_index": 584, "source_text": "Tickets to nowhere: Haitian refugees fall prey to travel scams. Across Haitian social media, testimonies about fraudulent travel agencies appear almost every week. Most of these agencies ask for between 3,500 and 5,000 US dollars for trips that never actually happen.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Tickets to nowhere: Haitian refugees fall prey to travel scams"}, {"start": 152, "end": 162, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every week"}, {"start": 203, "end": 208, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,500"}, {"start": 213, "end": 218, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 585, "source_text": "Russian disinformation network Storm-1516 accused of targeting French presidential candidate Édouard Philippe with fake health claims. A French security source told AFP that the Russian disinformation network “Storm-1516” targeted former Prime Minister Édouard Philippe, one of the declared candidates for the French presidency, as part of an effort to interfere in France’s presidential election.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 133, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Russian disinformation network Storm-1516 accused of targeting French presidential candidate Édouard Philippe with fake health claims"}, {"start": 165, "end": 168, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AFP"}, {"start": 210, "end": 220, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Storm-1516"}, {"start": 238, "end": 252, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 253, "end": 269, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Édouard Philippe"}, {"start": 271, "end": 274, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 366, "end": 372, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}]}
{"unique_index": 590, "source_text": "City Notice: Complete Application for 520 Highway No. 8 (Stoney Creek). The City of Hamilton issued a required Planning Act notice on Friday that a complete application for an Official Plan Amendment and Zoning By-law Amendment has been amended for a proposed 12-storey “purpose-built rental building” at 520 Highway No. 8 in Stoney Creek, located on the southwest corner at Dewitt Road.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "City Notice: Complete Application for 520 Highway No. 8 (Stoney Creek)"}, {"start": 76, "end": 92, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "City of Hamilton"}, {"start": 134, "end": 140, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday"}, {"start": 260, "end": 262, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 305, "end": 322, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "520 Highway No. 8"}, {"start": 326, "end": 338, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Stoney Creek"}, {"start": 375, "end": 386, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dewitt Road"}]}
{"unique_index": 598, "source_text": "How transnational movements can shield African civil spaces. In the past, state repression was largely contained within a country's own frontiers. Today, autocrats are cooperating across borders, using digital surveillance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How transnational movements can shield African civil spaces"}, {"start": 147, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 603, "source_text": "The Citizenship Backlog IRCC Isn’t Counting. IRCC confirmed it resolved the real holdup in one applicant’s citizenship file last year — and confirmed it has no practice of telling people when a problem happens.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 43, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Citizenship Backlog IRCC Isn’t Counting"}, {"start": 45, "end": 49, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IRCC"}, {"start": 91, "end": 94, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 124, "end": 133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}]}
{"unique_index": 610, "source_text": "Daily pill. Monthly pill. Six-monthly jab. Why choice matters. A new once-a-month HIV prevention pill is moving into the final stage of testing. But early South African uptake data of the six-monthly anti-HIV jab suggest the biggest breakthrough may not be a new medicine — it may be giving people more ways to protect themselves.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 61, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Daily pill. Monthly pill. Six-monthly jab. Why choice matters"}, {"start": 69, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "once-a-month"}, {"start": 188, "end": 199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six-monthly"}]}
{"unique_index": 611, "source_text": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #10. Think you know South Africa’s health system? Put your knowledge to the test with Bhekisisa’s health crossword. Drawing on years of reporting, investigations, data and policy coverage, the puzzle offers a fun way to explore the stories, issues and people that have shaped healthcare in South Africa. Stuck on a clue? The answers are waiting somewhere on", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #10"}, {"start": 40, "end": 52, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 106, "end": 115, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bhekisisa"}, {"start": 147, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "years"}, {"start": 310, "end": 322, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 612, "source_text": "If your nonprofit was a bird. A peacock showing its best self vs an ostrich burying its head in the sand.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 28, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "If your nonprofit was a bird"}]}
{"unique_index": 614, "source_text": "‘All of this has to be stopped’: Kazakh president calls for war in Ukraine to be ‘frozen’ atmeeting with Putin. Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev called for the war between Russia and Ukraine to be frozen during talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin, according to video published by propagandist Pavel Zarubin.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 110, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "‘All of this has to be stopped’: Kazakh president calls for war in Ukraine to be ‘frozen’ atmeeting with Putin"}, {"start": 119, "end": 128, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 129, "end": 150, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev"}, {"start": 178, "end": 184, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 189, "end": 196, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 236, "end": 245, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 246, "end": 260, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vladimir Putin"}, {"start": 294, "end": 306, "label": "JOB", "value": "propagandist"}, {"start": 307, "end": 320, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pavel Zarubin"}]}
{"unique_index": 617, "source_text": "The Killers and the Killed: The Sarajevo Safari Investigations. Not one sniper who participated in the Siege of Sarajevo has ever been prosecuted. Three decades later, four European governments, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, are investigating an allegation that some of the snipers were not even soldiers, but foreign nationals who paid to take part in the so-called “Sarajevo Safari.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Killers and the Killed: The Sarajevo Safari Investigations"}, {"start": 68, "end": 71, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 112, "end": 120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sarajevo"}, {"start": 147, "end": 166, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Three decades later"}, {"start": 168, "end": 172, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 205, "end": 227, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"}]}
{"unique_index": 624, "source_text": "Powerful storm kills one, injures about 30 in southern Russia. See the flooded streets, toppled trees, and wrecked cars. On July 25, a powerful storm with heavy rain and thunderstorms swept through Russia’s Rostov region. One person died in the storm, and 28 more were injured, according to the latest data cited by Rostov-on-Don Mayor Alexander Skryabin on July 26. Due to the bad weather, 15 cities and districts in the region were left without electricity, and Rostov and several other towns had water supply problems (restored by the morning of July 26). The storm damaged buildings and toppled hundreds of trees: more than a thousand in Rostov alone, according to the mayor. Rostov region Governor Yuri Slyusar assured residents that the administration is overseeing recovery efforts, and asked people in the region to stay home if possible. Meduza is publishing photos and videos of the storm’s aftermath in the Rostov region.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 119, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Powerful storm kills one, injures about 30 in southern Russia. See the flooded streets, toppled trees, and wrecked cars"}, {"start": 124, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 25"}, {"start": 198, "end": 204, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 207, "end": 220, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rostov region"}, {"start": 222, "end": 225, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 256, "end": 258, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28"}, {"start": 316, "end": 329, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rostov-on-Don"}, {"start": 330, "end": 335, "label": "JOB", "value": "Mayor"}, {"start": 336, "end": 354, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alexander Skryabin"}, {"start": 358, "end": 365, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 26"}, {"start": 391, "end": 393, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 464, "end": 470, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rostov"}, {"start": 475, "end": 482, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 538, "end": 556, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "morning of July 26"}, {"start": 599, "end": 607, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 628, "end": 638, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "a thousand"}, {"start": 642, "end": 648, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rostov"}, {"start": 673, "end": 678, "label": "JOB", "value": "mayor"}, {"start": 680, "end": 693, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rostov region"}, {"start": 694, "end": 702, "label": "JOB", "value": "Governor"}, {"start": 703, "end": 715, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yuri Slyusar"}, {"start": 847, "end": 853, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meduza"}, {"start": 918, "end": 931, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rostov region"}]}
{"unique_index": 635, "source_text": "Post From Community: City of Milwaukee Election Commission announces start of early voting for August 11 Partisan Primary. Early Voting begins Tuesday, July 28, at six sites across Milwaukee.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 121, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Post From Community: City of Milwaukee Election Commission announces start of early voting for August 11 Partisan Primary"}, {"start": 143, "end": 159, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday, July 28"}, {"start": 164, "end": 167, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 181, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}]}
{"unique_index": 644, "source_text": "The unasked question in the Epstein case: Were any victims stateless? If even a few stateless children were pulled into Epstein’s trafficking network, that fact matters. It matters legally. It matters morally. And it matters for every stateless child.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 68, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The unasked question in the Epstein case: Were any victims stateless"}, {"start": 80, "end": 83, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 120, "end": 127, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Epstein"}]}
{"unique_index": 645, "source_text": "Zelensky arrives in the US. He has talks planned with U.S. President Trump. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has arrived in the United States, he announced on his Telegram channel.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 74, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Zelensky arrives in the US. He has talks planned with U.S. President Trump"}, {"start": 86, "end": 95, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 96, "end": 114, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 134, "end": 147, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 169, "end": 177, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}]}
{"unique_index": 20250, "source_text": "‘Galician identity and literature are deeply rooted in land,’ award-winning Galician writer explains\n\nEvery May 17, the autonomous region of Galicia, Spain, interrupts its routine to pay tribute to its precious language and literature. Galician Literature Day , celebrated since 1963, is not just a commemorative date, but a declaration of principles. In a community where culture has always been an act of resistance, remembering and creation, celebrating those who write – and sing – in Galician reaffirms a rich, complex and constantly changing collective identity. With approximately 3,000,000 speakers mainly concentrated in the northeast of the Iberian peninsula, modern-day Galicia serves as an anchor of identity in a world that views multilingualism as an obstacle to progress rather than a means of empowerment. In 2025, the day was dedicated to historic cantareiras (folk singers) from different regions of Galicia: the sisters Adolfina and Rosa Casás Rama (Cerceda), Eva Castiñeira (Muxía) and the group Pandereiteiras de Mens (Malpica de Bergantiños): Prudencia Garrido Ameijende, Asunción Garrido Ameijende and Manuela Lema Villar. Cantareiras are a genre of folk music sung by women and accompanied only by tambourines.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 100, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "‘Galician identity and literature are deeply rooted in land,’ award-winning Galician writer explains"}, {"start": 108, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 17"}, {"start": 141, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Galicia"}, {"start": 150, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Spain"}, {"start": 279, "end": 283, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1963"}, {"start": 588, "end": 597, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,000,000"}, {"start": 825, "end": 829, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 883, "end": 890, "label": "JOB", "value": "singers"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1038, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pandereiteiras de Mens"}]}
{"unique_index": 20251, "source_text": "Galicia is, in many ways, an exemplary exception within the European geo-cultural map . In the theoretical framework that I developed with Sebastián Moreno Barreneche , geo-cultural identities signify a belonging to a cultural entity anchored by territory, and can take different forms: national, subnational, supranational, or transnational. The case of Galicia demonstrates how an identity anchored in land can be built with a multifaceted outlook: a living language of its own, a literature that functions as a symbolic and emotional repository, and a diaspora that has managed to take Galician culture beyond the Atlantic without diluting its essence. Far from being encapsulated in a static concept of nation or folklore, Galician culture reinvents itself from its peripheral position while continuing to engage in dialogue with Celtic stories, migrant history, and the margins of the Spanish state, with the right to narrate itself from within. To delve deeper into these topics and celebrate the occasion, we are publishing an interview conducted in July 2023 with award-winning writer and essayist María López Sández .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 19, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 139, "end": 166, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sebastián Moreno Barreneche"}, {"start": 1057, "end": 1066, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2023"}, {"start": 1086, "end": 1092, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 1106, "end": 1124, "label": "PERSON", "value": "María López Sández"}]}
{"unique_index": 20252, "source_text": "The conversation took place at the Café Derby in Santiago de Compostela, a legendary venue for Galician gatherings located at the entrance to the historic centre. López Sández’s perspective helps us understand why literature is, for Galicia, much more than an artistic expression: it is a way of belonging, projecting oneself, and inhabiting the world. Global Voices (GV): What role does literature play in the construction of Galician identity? María López Sández (MLS): Es una herramienta clave, porque la producción cultural en general resulta decisiva para crear imaginarios que condicionan cómo las personas se perciben a sí mismas. Esto sucede en todos los contextos, pero en las literaturas minorizadas es aún más evidente, ya que suelen ocupar posiciones periféricas. Por eso, los procesos de desmitificación y relectura identitaria [NdR: entender la cultura propia como forma de hablar de ‘un quiénes somos’ colectivo] son más frágiles y complejos. María López Sández (MLS): It is a key tool because the production of culture in general is vital in creating the collective imagination, which affects how people perceive themselves.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 163, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "López Sández"}, {"start": 353, "end": 366, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 368, "end": 370, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GV"}, {"start": 446, "end": 464, "label": "PERSON", "value": "María López Sández"}, {"start": 958, "end": 976, "label": "PERSON", "value": "María López Sández"}]}
{"unique_index": 20253, "source_text": "This happens in all contexts, but in minority literatures it is even more evident, since they tend to occupy peripheral spaces. For this reason, the processes of demystification and identity re-reading [understanding one’s own culture as a way of speaking about a collective ‘us’] are more fragile and complex. GV: In what ways can institutions protect a language like Galician? MLS: Existen diversas vías. Es fundamental garantizar su presencia en los ámbitos académico, político, administrativo y educativo. Si las instituciones fuesen coherentes con lo que establece la Carta Europea de las Lenguas Regionales o Minoritarias y con el enfoque ecolingüístico que subyace en proyectos como el Archivo Digital de Lenguas en Peligro de Extinción , sin duda se producirían avances significativos. Es preciso asumir la defensa de la lengua propia como un proyecto colectivo de máxima trascendencia. En Timor Oriental, por ejemplo, con una complejidad lingüística enorme, se apostó por la enseñanza inicial en cada una de las lenguas del territorio. Y eso en un Estado muy reciente —fundado en 2002— y con circunstancias económicas mucho más adversas que las de Galicia.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1089, "end": 1093, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2002"}]}
{"unique_index": 20254, "source_text": "La situación del gallego no es de las más extremas, pero cada lengua representa un compromiso con la diversidad cultural del planeta. Comprometerse con la diversidad lingüística del mundo pasa por hablar y defender, en cada lugar, la lengua propia. MLS: There are many ways. It is fundamental to guarantee their presence in academic, political, administrative and educational spheres. If institutions were aligned with what was established in the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and with the ecolinguistic focus that is highlighted in projects such as the Digital Archive of Languages in Danger of Extinction , undoubtedly this would lead to significant advances. It is necessary to accept the defence of one’s own language as a collective project of maximum importance. In East Timor, for example, with its enormous linguistic complexity, the focus was on early childhood education in each of the territory’s languages. And this is in a very new country — founded in 2002 — and in much more adverse economic circumstances than Galicia.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 264, "end": 268, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 447, "end": 498, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"}, {"start": 576, "end": 604, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Digital Archive of Languages"}, {"start": 988, "end": 992, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2002"}]}
{"unique_index": 20255, "source_text": "The situation of Galician is not one of the more extreme, but each language represents a commitment to the cultural diversity of the planet. Committing to global linguistic diversity happens by speaking and defending one’s own language everywhere. GV: In linguistics, they talk about the importance of normalisation and standardisation of a language. What is the difference between these two concepts? MLS: La normalización busca garantizar la presencia y el prestigio de la lengua en todos los ámbitos de la vida social. La normativización, por su parte, consiste en definir una variedad estándar que permita su uso en contextos formales y funcionales diversos. Son procesos interconectados e interdependientes que se desarrollan en paralelo en todas aquellas lenguas que aspiran a mantenerse vivas y operativas. MLS: Normalisation seeks to guarantee the presence and prestige of a language in all areas of social life. Standardisation, on the other hand, consists of defining a standard variety which allows it to be used in diverse formal and functional contexts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 388, "end": 391, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20256, "source_text": "They are interconnected and interdependent processes that develop in parallel in all languages that aspire to remain alive and functioning. GV: In your book Paisaxe e nación (Landscape and nation) you propose that territory and personality are connected in Galician literature. How does this connection arise? MLS: Es un fenómeno que también se da en otras culturas. En el siglo XIX, con el [movimiento cultural y artístico del] Romanticismo , se produjo una profunda revalorización de los paisajes, especialmente de aquellos en los que la presencia humana era menor: los más salvajes, alejados de lo social. Por eso se pasó del parque francés al jardín inglés, y espacios hasta entonces considerados hostiles —el mar, el desierto, la alta montaña— empezaron a valorarse desde la categoría de lo sublime. En Galicia, quien lleva a cabo ese proceso [en el siglo XIX] es Rosalía de Castro , auténtica configuradora de nuestra percepción del territorio. Ella articula una triple reivindicación: lingüística, paisajística y antropológica. Reivindica la dignidad de la lengua, del territorio y del pueblo que lo habita.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 157, "end": 173, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Paisaxe e nación"}]}
{"unique_index": 20257, "source_text": "Por eso busca para los paisajes gallegos referentes prestigiosos de la época, como los de Suiza o Italia. Esa revalorización comienza ya en el prólogo de Cantares Gallegos . Más adelante, Ramón Otero Pedrayo retoma esa línea descriptiva y la profundiza, incorporando el valor simbólico del mapa del [geógrafo] Domingo Fontán que inserta en una escena central de [su novela] Arredor de si , hasta convertirlo en un emblema cultural. Ese mapa tuvo, por ejemplo, un profundo valor simbólico para la emigración, ya que en él aparecían representadas todas las parroquias del país, lo que generaba un fuerte vínculo emocional con la tierra . La literatura y la identidad gallegas están profundamente arraigadas en el territorio. MLS: It’s a phenomenon that also arises in other cultures. In the 19th century, with [the cultural and artistic movement] Romanticism , a profound revaluation of landscapes took place, especially of those in which a human presence was minimal: the most wild and distant from society.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 188, "end": 207, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ramón Otero Pedrayo"}, {"start": 785, "end": 801, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 19th century"}]}
{"unique_index": 20258, "source_text": "That’s why we went from the French park to the English garden, and spaces that until then had been considered hostile — the sea, the desert, the high mountains — began to be valued in the category of the sublime. In Galicia, the person who brought this to pass (in the 19th century) is Rosalía de Castro , truly shaping our perception of territory. She voiced demands in three areas: linguistics, landscape and anthropology. She asserted the dignity of the language, the land and the people who inhabit it. For this reason, she sought out prestigious references of the period for Galician landscapes, such as those of Switzerland and Italy. This revaluation begins in the prologue of Cantares Gallegos (Galician Songs). Later, Ramón Otero Pedrayo takes up that descriptive line and takes it further, incorporating the symbolic value of [geographer] Domingo Fontán’s map that he inserts in a central scene of [his novel] “Arredor de si” (“Circling”), effectively turning it into a cultural emblem.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 265, "end": 281, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 19th century"}, {"start": 371, "end": 376, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 618, "end": 629, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Switzerland"}, {"start": 634, "end": 639, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 727, "end": 746, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ramón Otero Pedrayo"}]}
{"unique_index": 20259, "source_text": "This map, for example, had a profound symbolic value for emigrants, as it depicted all the country’s parishes, creating a strong emotional connection to the land. Galician literature and identity are deeply rooted in territory. Galician Literature Day arrived as “ahí ven o maio” (“here comes May”), as the song says. Spring declared itself in its most beautiful form with cherry blossoms and cotton fluff flying through the rivers. In Santiago de Compostela, the bar terraces began to fill up, pilgrims with their huge colourful backpacks crowded the historic centre, students in the new town were beginning to savour the holidays after their final exams, and officials in the institutional buildings hurried along their tasks to return home and enjoy the long days. Few people remembered the rain, that much-maligned counterpoint that lashed the northern Iberian peninsula for months, that exception to the promise of a perpetually sunny Spain. But if the Galician land (as well as its literature) teaches us anything, it is that without that rain, this lush green would not exist.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 318, "end": 324, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Spring"}, {"start": 768, "end": 771, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Few"}, {"start": 940, "end": 945, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Spain"}]}
{"unique_index": 20317, "source_text": "The peacemakers: Meet Venezuelans who are fighting to free political detainees\n\nWhile the world is engaged in heated debates — both on and offline — about the legality of Donald Trump’s January 3 military airstrikes in Venezuela , relatives and friends are fighting for the full release of loved ones from unjust imprisonment in the South American country. On January 8, Jorge Rodríguez, head of the Venezuelan National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional), announced the release of a “significant number of imprisoned individuals,” as a “unilateral gesture” in the beleaguered country. However, the congressman did not provide an official release list. Those detained are considered to be “ victims of politically motivated persecution ” by the government formerly led by Nicolás Maduro. This is part of a “ long-standing and appalling human rights record ” by the leadership, according to the United Nations-commissioned Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , which has been active since 2019. At least 863 people fell under the aforementioned criteria, according to an ongoing, long-term vetted tally by the Foro Penal , a Venezuelan human rights NGO.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 78, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The peacemakers: Meet Venezuelans who are fighting to free political detainees"}, {"start": 127, "end": 131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 171, "end": 183, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 186, "end": 195, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 3"}, {"start": 219, "end": 228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 360, "end": 369, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 8"}, {"start": 371, "end": 386, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jorge Rodríguez"}, {"start": 400, "end": 428, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Venezuelan National Assembly"}, {"start": 887, "end": 935, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations-commissioned Fact-Finding Mission"}, {"start": 943, "end": 975, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1010, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1024, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "863"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1137, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foro Penal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20318, "source_text": "They are women and men from all backgrounds, including older adults, journalists, and foreigners . However, as of 7.00 a.m. on January 16 (Venezuelan local time), the figures diverged on the number of released prisoners. Only 84 — out of more than their original vetted estimate of more than 800 — had been freed, according to Alfredo Romero, of Foro Penal. Half an hour later, Acting President Delcy Rodríguez set the release number to 406 during a press conference at Miraflores Palace in Caracas, the official seat of the Venezuelan presidency. No names were provided by the acting president, who is the sister of the head of the Venezuelan National Assembly, Jorge Rodríguez. It all starts with the family Several independent advocacy groups are the protagonists of the local push for the release of Venezuelan political prisoners: the Committee for the Freedom of Political Prisoners in Venezuela (Comité por la Liberación de los Presos Políticos, CLIPPVE) and the Committee of Mothers for the Defense of the Truth (Comité de las Madres en Defensa de la Verdad), among others .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 69, "end": 80, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 116, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "00 a.m."}, {"start": 127, "end": 137, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 16"}, {"start": 226, "end": 228, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "84"}, {"start": 292, "end": 295, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "800"}, {"start": 327, "end": 341, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alfredo Romero"}, {"start": 346, "end": 356, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foro Penal"}, {"start": 358, "end": 362, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Half"}, {"start": 378, "end": 394, "label": "JOB", "value": "Acting President"}, {"start": 395, "end": 410, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Delcy Rodríguez"}, {"start": 437, "end": 440, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "406"}, {"start": 491, "end": 498, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 585, "end": 594, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 633, "end": 661, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Venezuelan National Assembly"}, {"start": 663, "end": 678, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jorge Rodríguez"}, {"start": 710, "end": 717, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 892, "end": 901, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 970, "end": 990, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Committee of Mothers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20319, "source_text": "Relatives ( especially women ), supporters from the general public, and even former political prisoners participate in these activities. They have also brought food and medicines to their loved ones over the years , whenever visits were allowed inside prison facilities . Their actions are not confined to a particular political affiliation . Last year, the then-active Committee for the Defense of the Venezuelan Migrants (Comité por la Defensa de los Migrantes Venezolanos) pushed for the return of the 252 Venezuelan migrants unjustly imprisoned by the Donald Trump and Nayib Bukele administrations at El Salvador’s infamous CECOT mega prison . Followers of Nicolás Maduro are also allegedly included among the people currently considered political prisoners in Venezuela. The power of organization “Organization is key for the defense of human rights,” said Marino Alvarado , attorney and activist, during an open meeting held in August 1, 2024 between families, human rights non-profits and press members at the Universidad Central de Venezuela in Caracas, held in the midst of the 2024 post-electoral repression.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 343, "end": 352, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last year"}, {"start": 505, "end": 508, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "252"}, {"start": 556, "end": 568, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 573, "end": 585, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nayib Bukele"}, {"start": 605, "end": 616, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 721, "end": 730, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 765, "end": 774, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 862, "end": 877, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marino Alvarado"}, {"start": 880, "end": 888, "label": "JOB", "value": "attorney"}, {"start": 893, "end": 901, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 934, "end": 948, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 1, 2024"}, {"start": 1040, "end": 1049, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1060, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1091, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20320, "source_text": "“Let’s find each other, let’s get organized, and you will be better able to support your loved ones,” Alvarado then recommended. He spoke from lived experience, as the Demanding Coordinator for the Venezuelan Program for Education and Action in Human Rights ( Provea ), another renowned Venezuelan human rights NGO, founded in 1988. By the end of the meeting, those words seemed to come alive. As the press was leaving the meeting that day, a group of relatives was observed around the table, carefully speaking with Alvarado and drafting ideas on paper. Some of those faces could be found later in activities of their own as the CLIPPVE, always carrying black fabric with a constant appeal in white lettering: Liberen A Los Presos Políticos (Free the Political Prisoners). Nonviolence and immense courage shape the current actions of Venezuelan advocacy groups: candlelight vigils , prayers , pages of names of their loved ones , and camaraderie. In the past, some have even seen unprovoked attacks from unidentified groups , including the Committee of Mothers near the Venezuelan Supreme Court on August 5, 2025.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 102, "end": 110, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alvarado"}, {"start": 168, "end": 189, "label": "JOB", "value": "Demanding Coordinator"}, {"start": 198, "end": 241, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Venezuelan Program for Education and Action"}, {"start": 327, "end": 331, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1988"}, {"start": 431, "end": 439, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that day"}, {"start": 517, "end": 525, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alvarado"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1061, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Committee of Mothers"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1095, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Venezuelan Supreme Court"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 5, 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20321, "source_text": "Families who are waiting near Venezuelan detention centers — confirmed releases have so far come without previous notice — now face spells of colder weather, lack of public transportation and scarce (open) support from outsiders. The fear of repressive practices by the current Delcy Rodríguez administration has not subsided. They are soldiering on together, focusing on social media as their primary medium of communication, using hashtags such as #QueSeanTodos . Future leaders for reconciliation? Caring for loved ones persecuted for political reasons is not a new endeavor in Venezuela and other Latin American countries. The long-term impact — both local and international — of a human rights activist group should not be overstated. The Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo (Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo), first founded in 1977 during Argentina’s last military dictatorship, organized themselves around the need to find the missing babies and small children of disappeared activists in the South American country. They did not just become a fully-formed NGO within Argentina, but went beyond Argentine borders.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 123, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 278, "end": 293, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Delcy Rodríguez"}, {"start": 581, "end": 590, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 686, "end": 707, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activist"}, {"start": 760, "end": 773, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Plaza de Mayo"}, {"start": 786, "end": 799, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Plaza de Mayo"}, {"start": 819, "end": 823, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 831, "end": 840, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 969, "end": 978, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1070, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}]}
{"unique_index": 20322, "source_text": "For over 30 years, the grandmothers have collaborated with scientific non-profit teams such as the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF in Spanish), in order to identify formerly abducted children through genetics. To date, 140 adults have found their original identity, thanks to the Grandmothers. The EAAF has helped solve other international cases, including Ayotzinapa/Iguala (Mexico) and El Mozote (El Salvador) massacres. Back in Venezuela, the future aims of movements like CLIPPVE and the Committee of Mothers for the Defense of the Truth remain to be seen. However, their testimony will be a crucial step into a Venezuela that is in dire need of further work on human rights, especially on Memory, Justice and Democracy (Memoria, Justice and Democracy), as stated by Provea’s general coordinator, Oscar Murillo, on January 11: We’ve had an overwhelming week in every sense… History suggests letting things cool down a bit to conduct a more accurate analysis, but without a doubt, January 3, 2026, marks the beginning of a period no less unstable and fraught with tension, one that demands the best from each of us.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30 years"}, {"start": 99, "end": 135, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team"}, {"start": 230, "end": 233, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "140"}, {"start": 387, "end": 393, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 410, "end": 421, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 442, "end": 451, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 503, "end": 523, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Committee of Mothers"}, {"start": 627, "end": 636, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 799, "end": 810, "label": "JOB", "value": "coordinator"}, {"start": 830, "end": 840, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 11"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1010, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 3, 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 20323, "source_text": "The political project that thrived on resentment could never erase the true humanity of Venezuelans. The country is not broken. On the contrary, the yearning for freedom and justice, for genuine change through democracy and human dignity, defines the sentiment of a nation with high expectations. Today more than ever, from @_Provea we renew our commitment to the urgent reconstruction of democracy through support for victims in the process of Memory, Truth, and Justice. We will prioritize supporting social struggles for the defense of economic, social, and cultural rights and the construction of a common agenda for the human rights movement. Sooner rather than later, we will leave behind the darkness of authoritarianism. We Venezuelans have the right to live in a democracy, as we have demanded throughout our republican history.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 297, "end": 302, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20324, "source_text": "A Korean-Chinese woman’s handmade Yanbian-style water tofu symbolizes family unity\n\nOn December 28, 2025, I visited Helan village in Yanbian, the homeland of Lee YJ, a Korean-Chinese woman whose story was shared on Global Voices this past October. It had been seven months since we last spoke, but her family warmly welcomed me, and kindly invited me to take part in a ritual that marks the boundaries of a family: the making of tsodibi (초디비), Yanbian-style water tofu, which is called sundubu (순두부), in standard South Korean. Tsodibi is not tied to a specific season or calendar festival. Choi MJ explains that it is made when relatives gather together, regardless of the time of year. When family members return home, tsodibi becomes the centerpiece of the meal — typically handmade by the women of the extended family, it symbolizes family unity and cooperation. It takes more than a day to make water tofu. First, you need to soak the soybeans overnight, then grind them into a velvety, thick paste. Grinding twice is the key step for extracting the rich flavor from the beans.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Korean-Chinese woman’s handmade Yanbian-style water tofu symbolizes family unity"}, {"start": 87, "end": 104, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 28, 2025"}, {"start": 133, "end": 140, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yanbian"}, {"start": 158, "end": 164, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee YJ"}, {"start": 215, "end": 228, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 260, "end": 272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven months"}, {"start": 444, "end": 451, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yanbian"}, {"start": 590, "end": 597, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Choi MJ"}]}
{"unique_index": 20325, "source_text": "You can see the transformation: the first pass is coarse, but the second yields a creamy, refined texture that retains the full richness of the bean. We added hot water to make it smoother and easier to strain. The second step is straining. “You’re doing this job too,” Lee invited me to work together on this step. We put the bean paste into a cloth bag, and I pressed and squeezed the soybase out while Lee held the opening. We then transferred the liquid into a finer-meshed bag for a second straining. It was physically demanding work, especially given that most women in Lee’s family were over seventy. Yet they handled it with strength and patience, which they have cultivated from decades of experience. Then came the heating. In their traditional kitchen, a large pot sits atop a furnace, which also serves as a floor-heating system. “We have a modern kitchen, too, but we don’t use it much,” Lee’s youngest sister, Lee YN, commented proudly. “Our traditional way is more efficient and eco-friendly.” (Though I noticed she eventually slipped into the modern kitchen to prepare the extra side dishes!) Lee’s brother, CS, went down to light the furnace.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 270, "end": 273, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee"}, {"start": 405, "end": 408, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee"}, {"start": 576, "end": 579, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee"}, {"start": 599, "end": 606, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seventy"}, {"start": 901, "end": 904, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee"}, {"start": 924, "end": 930, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee YN"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1112, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee"}]}
{"unique_index": 20326, "source_text": "Tsodibi is traditionally prepared by women in Yanbian, and men’s involvement is usually limited to practical tasks such as tending the fire. While the pot slowly warmed, Lee and her sisters started cooking side dishes on the iron plate next to it, mostly fried kimchi made from various wild plants. Outside of Korean culture, many people believe kimchi refers only to spicy fermented cabbage, but in reality, it just means “pickles,” so the vegetables used can vary widely, and the resulting dishes are not necessarily spicy. Lee’s family took the soybase out before the pot boiled. She quickly skimmed the foam that had risen to the top of the soybase mixture and added bittern (a coagulant). As she gently stirred, the magic happened: liquid began to clump into snowy white curds. She kept stirring, occasionally lifting out the tofu skin that bloomed on the surface like parchment. To serve, you scoop away the excess water and serve it with a homemade sauce. The sauce was a mix of soy sauce and chopped fragrant vegetables such as onion, garlic, and chilli. Freshly made Tsodibi has a tender, cloud-like softness, offering a rich, nutty flavor that store-bought tofu simply cannot replicate.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 53, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yanbian"}, {"start": 170, "end": 173, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee"}, {"start": 326, "end": 330, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 526, "end": 529, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee"}]}
{"unique_index": 20327, "source_text": "“The best way to enjoy tofu is to make it yourself, isn’t it?” said YN. Lee’s daughter, Choi MJ, explained that Tsodibi is usually served with a light sauce, because its flavour is already rich and nutty on its own. This is different from Chinese-style water tofu, which is more commonly stir-fried or cooked with spices and other ingredients. The Yanbian water tofu can also only be made in a traditional kitchen, using the traditional iron plate. “Modern equipment simply does not produce the same result,” said Choi. To preserve the tofu, we ladled the curds into a square, cloth-lined box. Then filled another bowl with excess water and pressed the tofu into a solid, meaty block. The name “water tofu” best depicts the nature of Tsodibi . Like the women who make it, the dish possesses a fluid tenderness underpinned by a quiet, solid strength. As the winter chill settled outside, the warmth of the furnace and the rich, nutty aroma of the soybeans reminded me that the most indulgent meals often aren’t found in luxury restaurants, but in the slow, patient hands of those who remember where they came from.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 72, "end": 75, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lee"}, {"start": 88, "end": 95, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Choi MJ"}, {"start": 348, "end": 355, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yanbian"}, {"start": 514, "end": 518, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Choi"}]}
{"unique_index": 20395, "source_text": "Sly Dunbar, one half of the groundbreaking ‘Riddim Twins’ of Jamaican music, dies at 73\n\nLowell “Sly” Dunbar, an extraordinarily innovative drummer and music producer and one of the renowned “ Riddim Twins ” of reggae, died at home on the morning of January 26, at age 73. His cause of death was not disclosed, but he had been ailing for some time. Still, his passing was unexpected — especially coming just one week after the death of another reggae icon, Stephen “Cat” Coore . Dunbar’s lifelong partner, Thelma, was distraught and shared that Dunbar had enjoyed a relaxing Sunday: “Yesterday was such a good day for him. He had friends come over to visit him and we all had such a good time. He ate well yesterday…sometimes he’s not into food. I knew he was sick…but I didn’t know that he was this sick.” Jamaica’s Prime Minister Andrew Holness paid tribute to Dunbar and his remarkable legacy alongside bass player Robbie Shakespeare, who died in December, 2021.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 87, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Sly Dunbar, one half of the groundbreaking ‘Riddim Twins’ of Jamaican music, dies at 73"}, {"start": 89, "end": 108, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lowell “Sly” Dunbar"}, {"start": 193, "end": 205, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riddim Twins"}, {"start": 250, "end": 260, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 26"}, {"start": 269, "end": 271, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "73"}, {"start": 408, "end": 422, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one week after"}, {"start": 457, "end": 476, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephen “Cat” Coore"}, {"start": 479, "end": 485, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dunbar"}, {"start": 545, "end": 551, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dunbar"}, {"start": 575, "end": 581, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 584, "end": 593, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Yesterday"}, {"start": 706, "end": 715, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "yesterday"}, {"start": 807, "end": 814, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 817, "end": 831, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 832, "end": 846, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrew Holness"}, {"start": 863, "end": 869, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dunbar"}, {"start": 918, "end": 936, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robbie Shakespeare"}, {"start": 960, "end": 964, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}]}
{"unique_index": 20396, "source_text": "The two were known simply as “Sly and Robbie” or the Riddim Twins : Culture Minister Olivia “Babsy” Grange shared on X: Nekeisha Burchell, culture spokesperson for Jamaica’s opposition party, observed , “Sly Dunbar was rhythm, innovation, and excellence in motion. He represented the very best of Jamaican creativity — bold, original, and uncompromising in its quality. His contribution to our music industry helped position Jamaica as a cultural superpower long before the term became fashionable.” Lowell Fillmore “Sly” Dunbar was born on May 10, 1952, in Jamaica's capital, Kingston. He began playing at age 15 in a band called The Yardbrooms. By 18, he did his first recording on drums with the vocal duo Dave and Ansel Collins, on their hit record “Double Barrel.” He then joined a band called Skin, Flesh and Bones with Ansel Collins and bass player Lloyd Parks, and went on to play drums with The Revolutionaries , the house band at the well-known Channel One Studios , with Robbie Shakespeare (whom he met in 1972) and a host of other talented musicians.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 30, "end": 33, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sly"}, {"start": 38, "end": 44, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robbie"}, {"start": 53, "end": 65, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riddim Twins"}, {"start": 68, "end": 84, "label": "JOB", "value": "Culture Minister"}, {"start": 85, "end": 106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Olivia “Babsy” Grange"}, {"start": 117, "end": 118, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 120, "end": 137, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nekeisha Burchell"}, {"start": 147, "end": 159, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokesperson"}, {"start": 164, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 204, "end": 214, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sly Dunbar"}, {"start": 425, "end": 432, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 500, "end": 528, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lowell Fillmore “Sly” Dunbar"}, {"start": 541, "end": 553, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 10, 1952"}, {"start": 558, "end": 565, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 611, "end": 613, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15"}, {"start": 650, "end": 652, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18"}, {"start": 718, "end": 731, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ansel Collins"}, {"start": 826, "end": 839, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ansel Collins"}, {"start": 856, "end": 867, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lloyd Parks"}, {"start": 955, "end": 974, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Channel One Studios"}, {"start": 982, "end": 1000, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robbie Shakespeare"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1021, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1972"}, {"start": 1052, "end": 1061, "label": "JOB", "value": "musicians"}]}
{"unique_index": 20397, "source_text": "During this period, dub music — experimental, using various electronic techniques and innovative effects — was all the rage, but Dunbar began to develop his own “rockers” style , featuring a more aggressive rhythm than “roots reggae,” similar to rock music. The Revolutionaries also performed as a backing band for several major reggae artists of the 1970s, including Gregory Isaacs and The Mighty Diamonds . Sly and Robbie first officially teamed up in Word, Sound and Power, the backing band for former Wailer Peter Tosh , in 1975. The following year, the band toured with Tosh in the United States and from 1978 to 1979 in Europe, having also played at Bob Marley’s 1978 One Love Peace Concert in Kingston. However, the duo left the band in 1981 to tour with Black Uhuru , who were signed with Island Records. In this very successful band, Sly and Robbie were — as always — enormously influential, complementing each other with a sharp, driving drum sound and heavy bass line. The pair were always seeking new horizons and fresh musical collaborations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 129, "end": 135, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dunbar"}, {"start": 315, "end": 322, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 336, "end": 343, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 351, "end": 356, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}, {"start": 409, "end": 412, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sly"}, {"start": 417, "end": 423, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robbie"}, {"start": 528, "end": 532, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1975"}, {"start": 538, "end": 552, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "following year"}, {"start": 587, "end": 600, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 610, "end": 614, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1978"}, {"start": 618, "end": 622, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1979"}, {"start": 626, "end": 632, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 656, "end": 666, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bob Marley"}, {"start": 669, "end": 673, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1978"}, {"start": 674, "end": 677, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 744, "end": 748, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1981"}, {"start": 762, "end": 773, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Black Uhuru"}, {"start": 797, "end": 811, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Island Records"}, {"start": 843, "end": 846, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sly"}, {"start": 851, "end": 857, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robbie"}]}
{"unique_index": 20398, "source_text": "In 1980, they formed their own record label, Taxi Records , ensuring their own creative and financial control. Under this banner, they produced and performed on a string of hits for Gregory Isaacs, Black Uhuru, Ini Kamoze , and more. Over the years, Sly and Robbie performed with an astonishing variety of musicians, including collaborations with Bob Dylan (on two of his albums), their countrywoman Grace Jones (on three of her albums), and the Rolling Stones. They were hugely in demand as a rhythm section across almost every genre, always exploring new musical spheres. In this way, they helped pioneer technological innovations in reggae music, helping it progress towards dancehall and new sounds. Their productions for the punk band No Doubt, for example, resulted in more hit records. According to one musical website , “Sly and Robbie may well be the most prolific recording artists ever. One estimate is that they have played on or produced some 200,000 songs, considering that some of their riddims such as ‘Revolution’ have been used on over 100 songs.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980"}, {"start": 198, "end": 209, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Black Uhuru"}, {"start": 250, "end": 253, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sly"}, {"start": 258, "end": 264, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robbie"}, {"start": 306, "end": 315, "label": "JOB", "value": "musicians"}, {"start": 347, "end": 356, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bob Dylan"}, {"start": 806, "end": 809, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 829, "end": 832, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sly"}, {"start": 837, "end": 843, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robbie"}, {"start": 884, "end": 891, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 898, "end": 901, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 956, "end": 963, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200,000"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1057, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}]}
{"unique_index": 20399, "source_text": "One fan attempted to list some of the duo’s collaborations: Dunbar’s nickname was said to have been inspired by the 1970s funk and soul musician Sly Stone , whose music he enjoyed. He listed some of his musical influences in a 2008 interview : “My mentor was the drummer for The Skatalites, Lloyd Knibb. And I used to listen a lot to the drummer for Booker T. & the M.G.s, Al Jackson Jr., and a lot of Philadelphia. And there are other drummers in Jamaica, like Santa and Carly from The Wailers Band, Winston Bennett, Paul Douglas, Mikey Boo. I respect all these drummers and have learnt a lot from them. From them, I listened and created my own style. They played some things I copied, other things I recreated.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 60, "end": 66, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dunbar"}, {"start": 116, "end": 121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}, {"start": 136, "end": 144, "label": "JOB", "value": "musician"}, {"start": 145, "end": 154, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sly Stone"}, {"start": 227, "end": 231, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 291, "end": 296, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lloyd"}, {"start": 448, "end": 455, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 483, "end": 499, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Wailers Band"}]}
{"unique_index": 20400, "source_text": "Music journalist Hopewell Chin’ono paid tribute on X: He went on to post footage from a memorable concert with Black Uhuru: Another fan posted footage from a concert with Irish singer Sinead O’Connor: British reggae band UB40 — in particular, singer Ali Campbell — was devastated by the news: Jamaican broadcast journalist Cliff Hughes commented, “Time marches on […] We have lost another great musician”: Meanwhile, Jamaican cultural commentator Sonjah Stanley shared on X: On X, BlackHistoryStudies posted a classic photograph of the duo: Yet another fan mused: Throughout his life, Dunbar received numerous honours. Along with Shakespeare, he was awarded Jamaica’s Order of Distinction; in 2015, he also received the Musgrave Gold Medal from the Institute of Jamaica. In 2025, he accepted a Lifetime Achievement Award from the University of Minnesota. Dunbar received an impressive 13 Grammy nominations and won two — for Black Uhuru’s “Anthem” in 1985, and for Sly & Robbie’s “Friends” in 1999. In summing up Dunbar’s unique contribution to music — to at least three reggae genres, and more — one fan noted:", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 16, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 17, "end": 34, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hopewell Chin’ono"}, {"start": 51, "end": 52, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 111, "end": 122, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Black Uhuru"}, {"start": 177, "end": 183, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 184, "end": 199, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sinead O’Connor"}, {"start": 243, "end": 249, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 250, "end": 262, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ali Campbell"}, {"start": 312, "end": 322, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 323, "end": 335, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cliff Hughes"}, {"start": 395, "end": 403, "label": "JOB", "value": "musician"}, {"start": 447, "end": 461, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonjah Stanley"}, {"start": 472, "end": 473, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 478, "end": 479, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 481, "end": 500, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BlackHistoryStudies"}, {"start": 585, "end": 591, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dunbar"}, {"start": 630, "end": 641, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shakespeare"}, {"start": 658, "end": 665, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 668, "end": 688, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Order of Distinction"}, {"start": 693, "end": 697, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 749, "end": 769, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Institute of Jamaica"}, {"start": 774, "end": 778, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 830, "end": 853, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Minnesota"}, {"start": 855, "end": 861, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dunbar"}, {"start": 885, "end": 887, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 925, "end": 936, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Black Uhuru"}, {"start": 951, "end": 955, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1985"}, {"start": 965, "end": 968, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sly"}, {"start": 971, "end": 977, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robbie"}, {"start": 993, "end": 997, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1999"}, {"start": 1013, "end": 1019, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dunbar"}, {"start": 1065, "end": 1070, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1100, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20409, "source_text": "Movement as solidarity: Walking for a cause across the U.S. and Britain\n\nA group of 19 Theravada Buddhist monks and rescue dog Aloka departed Huong Dao Vipassana Bhavana Center from Fort Worth, Texas , on a fresh autumn morning during the later part of October 2025, launching a journey that the organizers say will last four months of walking and cover around 3,700 kilometers (2,300 miles). The planned route, a passage from Texas through Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas, is intended to end by mid-February on the West Lawn of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. , where the group, led by Bhikkhu Pannakara, plans to demand the federal recognition of Vesak , the Buddhist holiday commemorating the birth and enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama . The organizers — the Huong Dao Vipassana Bhavana Center — presented the Walk for Peace as a pilgrimage inspired by Buddhist walking meditation and dhutanga practice , a monastic discipline generally aimed at developing simplicity, resilience, and mindfulness while travelling.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 71, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Movement as solidarity: Walking for a cause across the U.S. and Britain"}, {"start": 84, "end": 86, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "19"}, {"start": 142, "end": 176, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Huong Dao Vipassana Bhavana Center"}, {"start": 253, "end": 265, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 296, "end": 306, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 316, "end": 332, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last four months"}, {"start": 361, "end": 366, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,700"}, {"start": 379, "end": 384, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,300"}, {"start": 465, "end": 472, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Alabama"}, {"start": 474, "end": 481, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Georgia"}, {"start": 561, "end": 574, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 586, "end": 602, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Washington, D.C."}, {"start": 790, "end": 800, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 807, "end": 841, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Huong Dao Vipassana Bhavana Center"}]}
{"unique_index": 20410, "source_text": "The monks, rather than leading a demonstration with chants or placards, move slowly, often without shoes, touching the community through their silent, prayerful, and compassionate presence and through their teachings on compassion and inner calm. They make stops in the towns and cities along their route, using public parks, churchyards, and open spaces for rest, and, in some cases, receive recognition from locals and media coverage. The walk has caught the eye of many, with people following online. The group is highly visible on social media with a live map created by Dhammacetiya, a project website for a Buddhist initiative called “The Ancient Sacred Buddhist Scripture Stupas.” There are also frequent photo and video updates showing the monastics continuing their journey eastwards, local governments welcoming them, and the community writing about their path. Social media supporters have noted the broad appeal of the pilgrimage, with the monks’ Facebook page showing more than 60,000 followers at the time of writing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 959, "end": 967, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 991, "end": 997, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20411, "source_text": "However, they have also encountered numerous difficulties, among them an incident in November 2025 when a support vehicle for the group was struck by a truck on United States Highway 90 near Dayton, Texas . Two monks sustained injuries, and one of them, Bhante Dam Phommasan , had to have a leg amputated. Meanwhile, the world was closely following their activities, and international aid flooded in as the group demonstrated their resolve to continue the walk despite this setback. Walking for peace has its roots in the ancient Buddhist tradition of pilgrimage , in which movement through public space has both spiritual and ethical meanings. Walking meditation, or cankama in Pali , was a technique of the Buddha and his first followers, emphasizing awareness of the action of walking. Dhutanga , one of the ascetic practices of Theravada Buddhism , comprises, among other practices, voluntary walking far and wide to develop detachment and love for all beings.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 85, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 161, "end": 174, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 183, "end": 185, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 207, "end": 210, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20412, "source_text": "In the 20th century, figures like Thich Nhat Hanh and Maha Ghosananda , who were monks and spiritual leaders, gave back to their communities by walking for peace, not only within the community of believers but also as a form of engaged spirituality amid war and conflict. During the past winter, an event similar to the monks’ walk in the US was happening across the Atlantic in the United Kingdom. On January 3, two young men originally from South Sudan, Giel Malual and his childhood friend John Kuei, set off on the “long walk of freedom for Sudan ,” with the support of media platform Asylum Speakers . The human rights activists’ fundraising and awareness campaign consisted of a roughly 1,126-kilometer (700-mile) walk from the south of England to the far north of Scotland. The organizers said the walk was intended to raise the money needed to build a primary school for Sudanese children displaced by the ongoing conflict in Sudan who are living in refugee camps in neighboring Chad.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 20th century"}, {"start": 339, "end": 341, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 383, "end": 397, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 402, "end": 411, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 3"}, {"start": 413, "end": 416, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 443, "end": 454, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Sudan"}, {"start": 545, "end": 550, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 589, "end": 604, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Asylum Speakers"}, {"start": 611, "end": 633, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activists"}, {"start": 785, "end": 795, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 934, "end": 939, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 987, "end": 991, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chad"}]}
{"unique_index": 20413, "source_text": "The response has been so successful that they have so far raised funds for two more schools . Giel Malual spoke movingly about his motivation to embark on the journey: “The long walk of freedom for Sudan is deeply personal to me which is why choosing this time of year is important, first to put myself in the shoes of Sudanese children and feel a fraction of their day-to-day struggle due to the war and hundreds of miles they had to walk to find safety. It is a walk of souls’ connection.” Malual and Kuei's walk ended on January 23 after 33 days, raising over GBP 100,000 (approx USD 138,000). The walk in Britain was a local initiative that garnered support from community leaders. Among them was the former Lord Mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne, who greeted the walkers and highlighted the humanitarian crisis in Sudan , where civil war has forced millions of people to flee and has created a great need for basic services, including education.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 75, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 198, "end": 203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 405, "end": 413, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 524, "end": 534, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 23"}, {"start": 541, "end": 548, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "33 days"}, {"start": 567, "end": 574, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100,000"}, {"start": 587, "end": 594, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "138,000"}, {"start": 609, "end": 616, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Britain"}, {"start": 667, "end": 684, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leaders"}, {"start": 712, "end": 722, "label": "JOB", "value": "Lord Mayor"}, {"start": 814, "end": 819, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 849, "end": 857, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 20414, "source_text": "The walkers and their supporters insist that the walk was not a political demonstration but a sign of solidarity aimed at making the crisis visible . According to them, the Sudan crisis receives little coverage in the international media. The Long Walk of Freedom for Sudan is part of a series of peace and solidarity events happening in the United Kingdom. They include silent public walks for peace, which are a tradition of faith communities. In June 2024, faith groups such as Buddhists, Jews, Quakers, Christians, Hindus, Muslims and others united for a silent walk through the heart of London , from Parliament Square to Trafalgar Square, to express their desire for peace in Palestine, and to remember those who have died in wars worldwide. Those attending brought white flowers, and there were no chants or slogans; it was more of an introspective, heartfelt moment rather than a political protest. The US Buddhist pilgrimage and the British Sudan solidarity walk are part of a broader trend of people reviving long-distance journeys as a physical way to demonstrate their commitment to peace and humanitarian issues.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 173, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 268, "end": 273, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 342, "end": 356, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 449, "end": 458, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2024"}, {"start": 606, "end": 623, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Parliament Square"}, {"start": 627, "end": 643, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trafalgar Square"}, {"start": 682, "end": 691, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Palestine"}, {"start": 911, "end": 913, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 950, "end": 955, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20415, "source_text": "Experts and practitioners note that peace pilgrimages and long walks have been part of modern history at different times, starting with the United States peace pilgrim movements of the mid-20th century and now including interfaith and human rights projects. In every case, the simple human act of walking, which is persistent, visible, and slow, serves as a means for participants to draw the public’s attention, encouraging them to think while adhering to the practice of nonviolence in daily life. As winter gets colder, the monks keep moving forward and are expected to arrive in Washington, D.C., in mid-February after traveling a few thousand miles with the main message of sharing unity and inner peace. In the UK, the long march to the north for Sudanese solidarity was successful in gradually expanding awareness of the children displaced by the war, as the marchers raised funds to give their practical help. Each walk is an example of how the very act of movement, the basic action of stepping one foot after another, can be a deeply symbolic and practical way to express peace, compassion, and our collective humanity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 140, "end": 153, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 189, "end": 201, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20th century"}, {"start": 206, "end": 209, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 488, "end": 493, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 583, "end": 599, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Washington, D.C."}, {"start": 635, "end": 647, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few thousand"}, {"start": 717, "end": 719, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1007, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20421, "source_text": "Why Japan’s upcoming lower house election feels like a race to the bottom\n\nWhile the rise of social media and the resulting surge of populism are global trends, in Japan, this phenomenon takes on a unique and troubling form, as populist politics is intertwined with a silent democratic crisis of political apathy. Japanese culture has long valued the aesthetic of silence. We are a society that prides itself on 空気を読む, directly translated as “reading the air” or reticence and reserve, which is a form of high-context communication that prioritizes harmony over loud, confrontational debate. However, as an ethnic Chinese, born and raised in Japan, I see the virtues of reticence and reserve being weaponized to hollow out our democracy, in particular during troubled times. Elections with a 16-day notice On January 23, Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi moved to dissolve the House of Representatives . The next election is now set for February 8. Voters have been thrown into the shortest campaign period in postwar Japanese history. Takaichi became Japan’s first woman prime minister on October 25, 2025, with popular support.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 73, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Why Japan’s upcoming lower house election feels like a race to the bottom"}, {"start": 164, "end": 169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 642, "end": 647, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 809, "end": 819, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 23"}, {"start": 821, "end": 835, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 836, "end": 850, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sanae Takaichi"}, {"start": 873, "end": 897, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "House of Representatives"}, {"start": 921, "end": 924, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 933, "end": 943, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 8"}, {"start": 1032, "end": 1040, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Takaichi"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1053, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1082, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 1086, "end": 1102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 25, 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20422, "source_text": "During her campaign, she promised tax cuts, subsidies, and economic reforms, using a nationalistic rhetoric that blames immigrants, tourists, and China for the country’s economic and diplomatic woes. The opposition parties fear that her politics would fuel inflation and xenophobic sentiments and destabilize the region by antagonizing China . Her decision to dissolve the Lower House aims to secure a strong majority in the 465-seat chamber for her ruling coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the newly established Japan Innovation Party (JIP) , so as to push through her economic and security policy agenda. Within 16 days of the announcement, Japanese voters must decide on a major political shift from a previously centrist stance to a right-leaning one, with a fiscal stimulus package and a hawkish stance toward China, that will have a long-lasting impact on the country. Yet, amid the “culture of silence,” public deliberation is lacking. For years, political apathy has been a well-acknowledged challenge in Japan, especially among the youth. But recently, I have noticed a shift.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 146, "end": 151, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 336, "end": 341, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 474, "end": 498, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Liberal Democratic Party"}, {"start": 500, "end": 503, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LDP"}, {"start": 531, "end": 553, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Japan Innovation Party"}, {"start": 555, "end": 558, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "JIP"}, {"start": 632, "end": 639, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16 days"}, {"start": 833, "end": 838, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1036, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20423, "source_text": "Populism amid a culture of silence While the majority has remained silent, a loud, exclusionary brand of populism has recently emerged on major social media platforms. During the Upper House elections in July 2025, misinformation claiming that foreign residents are “over-privileged” spread widely on the internet, and the xenophobic sentiments somehow helped right-leaning political parties, including the newly established far-right Sanseitō party, to secure a significant number of seats under the slogan “Japanese First” — a clear homage to Donald Trump’s “ America First ” policies. Takaichi has also built a fan base among younger generations by using similar political rhetoric targeting foreign residents during last year’s LDP leadership campaign . The impact was immediate: my family and I suddenly became less welcome in places where we were once accepted. Lately, we have started concealing our nationality when meeting people for the first time. Young people are no longer “disinterested.” Instead, t hey are eager to find targets to pour out their “strong words” and soothe their daily frustration. Why are these slogans spreading so quickly and creating such a substantial effect?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 204, "end": 213, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 545, "end": 557, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 588, "end": 596, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Takaichi"}, {"start": 720, "end": 729, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 732, "end": 735, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LDP"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1099, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 20424, "source_text": "The absence of public deliberation on these controversial political allegations suggests, to some extent, that we have never been taught how to debate. Most Japanese schools lack training in public debate or political philosophy, prioritizing rote memorization instead. Discussing politics with friends or even within a family is considered an unspoken social taboo. In this vacuum of debate, voters tend to choose charismatic “idols” who offer simple answers. Hence, most people consume political news as entertainment. We can see this in Sohei Kamiya , a leader of the right-wing populist party, Sanseitō, who introduced the Japanese First rhetoric, and has a large cult-like following, many of whom believe in anti-vaccine and antisemitic conspiracy theories. More recently, a subculture called “Sana-katsu” (サナ活) has emerged among young women, who admire and idolize Takaichi and mimic her fashion and cosmetic style, treating the prime minister like a J-pop star or an anime character. The younger generation reads political news as a commodity and consumes political rhetoric, style, and sentiment without a critical mindset.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 871, "end": 879, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Takaichi"}, {"start": 935, "end": 949, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}]}
{"unique_index": 20425, "source_text": "I once saw my classmates use the word “kawaii,” which means “cute” in English, to describe politicians’ daily behavior on Instagram. It seems to me that many young people don’t see politicians as their representatives who should be accountable to them , but rather position themselves as spectators watching their “idols” vent their frustration, believing they can magically solve their problems, as happens in TV dramas . This culture of “reading the air” and treating politics as entertainment has created a dangerous blind spot for more important policy issues. Unification Church and the ruling party What has concerned me in particular is that for months, investigative reports have detailed the deep, systemic ties between the ruling LDP and the former Unification Church — a religious cult founded by Sun Myung Moon in South Korea in 1954 and expanding to Japan in 1958, which became a political powerhouse in the country by funding politicians, in particular from the LDP. A major South Korean newspaper, Hankyoreh, recently revealed that the Church helped fund at least 290 out of 295 LDP candidates during the Lower House election in October 2021.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 91, "end": 102, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 104, "end": 109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 122, "end": 131, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 153, "end": 157, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 181, "end": 192, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 202, "end": 217, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 565, "end": 583, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Unification Church"}, {"start": 740, "end": 743, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LDP"}, {"start": 759, "end": 777, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Unification Church"}, {"start": 826, "end": 837, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Korea"}, {"start": 841, "end": 845, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1954"}, {"start": 863, "end": 868, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 872, "end": 876, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1958"}, {"start": 940, "end": 951, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 976, "end": 979, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LDP"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1082, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "290"}, {"start": 1090, "end": 1093, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "295"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1097, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LDP"}, {"start": 1144, "end": 1156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2021"}]}
{"unique_index": 20426, "source_text": "The money very likely comes from scam-like donations, known as “ spiritual sales ,” to the Church, as the criminal investigation of the assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe in 2022 revealed: the murderer is a victim of the Unification Church's excessive donations, who took revenge on Abe for his family’s collusion with the Church. In March 2025, a Tokyo court ordered the dissolution of two Church-related organizations, the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification, for manipulating followers into making huge donations and other financial sacrifices. Yet, a number of lawmakers who benefited from the cult still hold power, and they have yet to publicly explain their ties to the illegal religious business and political power house. With ongoing issues surrounding political funding and the LDP’s ties to FFWPU, dissolution is the quickest way to camouflage them. But this is hardly a matter worth spending such a vast amount of public money on. As a foreign resident, I’m frustrated that misinformation and populist rhetoric have incited many Japanese people to view their neighbors as threats, while a more serious issue receives less attention: a foreign-based religious cult has penetrated the country through NGOs and established systemic ties with the ruling party through funding.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 160, "end": 183, "label": "JOB", "value": "Japanese Prime Minister"}, {"start": 184, "end": 194, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shinzō Abe"}, {"start": 198, "end": 202, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 245, "end": 263, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Unification Church"}, {"start": 307, "end": 310, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abe"}, {"start": 358, "end": 368, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2025"}, {"start": 411, "end": 414, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 449, "end": 498, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Family Federation for World Peace and Unification"}, {"start": 603, "end": 612, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 827, "end": 830, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LDP"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1079, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20427, "source_text": "Elections as a spectacle Now the media is flooded with news about snap elections rather than corruption probes. Among my peers, reactions to this 16-day political storm range from shallow fascination to total annoyance, as if the elections were just a spectacle. The election campaign has generated a lot of viral content. For example, a video about the snap elections , edited to the latest opening theme from the popular anime Jujutsu Kaisen, surpassed 100,000 views in a single day upon release. Yet, as reflected in the comments, most viewers consumed the video as entertainment, with a chilling detachment, as if the election result would not affect their lives or society. One popular comment with over 2,900 likes said: ここ半年間の政治がマジで面白すぎる ダメだけどエンタメ気分で普通に楽しんでる私です The politics over the past six months have been seriously entertaining. I know it’s bad, but I’m just enjoying it like it’s entertainment. On the other hand, some find the snap elections a nuisance and a distraction. Since the campaign overlaps with the peak of the university entrance exam season, social media is flooded with students complaining that the blaring noise from campaign cars is a “disturbance” to their studies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 28, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 455, "end": 462, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100,000"}, {"start": 679, "end": 682, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 709, "end": 714, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,900"}, {"start": 791, "end": 806, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past six months"}]}
{"unique_index": 20428, "source_text": "Whether the election is taken as a battle anime or a loud noise to be blocked out, the result is the same: the actual political stakes are ignored. I do not have the right to vote in Japan. Yet, observing the current situation, I feel a chill running through my body, fearing that my Japanese friends and neighbors will choose to surrender their will to a “King” without fathoming out the implications of their policies. As I write this, the loud, repetitive chants of the right-wing party candidate, Sanseitō, echo through my window from an election car. Outside, at the nearest station and in local squares, these vans are everywhere. A campaign staffer, unaware of my Chinese heritage, hands me a flyer with a smile. It reads: “Protect the lives of Japanese people.” I accept it with a complex swirl of emotions. I wonder what kind of choice Japanese voters will make after 16 days are over. And in the future they choose, I wonder — do I even matter?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 183, "end": 188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 357, "end": 361, "label": "JOB", "value": "King"}, {"start": 877, "end": 884, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16 days"}]}
{"unique_index": 20468, "source_text": "Malaysian journalist briefly detained for sedition over a question during a public lecture\n\nMalaysian journalist Rex Tan, formerly of the outlet Free Malaysia Today (FMT), was detained for half a day as he faced a sedition probe over a question he raised in a public lecture. On January 12, he attended a public conference organized by the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies titled “Gaza Exposes the Complicity of International Actors,” featuring a British politician, broadcaster, and writer, George Galloway. During the forum, Tan raised a question about combating xenophobia in Malaysia and mentioned bias and racism toward ethnic Chinese communities in Malaysia. The question was as follows: I think you should rightly observe the parallel between the Palestinian problem and the Chinese problem in Malaya. Both are British colonial legacy problem, where the Palestinians are seen as the interloper among the Zionists, while the Chinese, at the time, the population, which is about 50 percent of Malayia, was seen as aliens. So, and sadly, this xenophobic mentality is still around today, and I must say, it is way more of a serious magnitude in Palestine. So I want to ask a more introspective question. I think currently what we are facing here is due to a rather right-wing exclusive nationalism.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 90, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Malaysian journalist briefly detained for sedition over a question during a public lecture"}, {"start": 102, "end": 112, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 113, "end": 120, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rex Tan"}, {"start": 150, "end": 158, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 159, "end": 164, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 189, "end": 193, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 279, "end": 289, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 12"}, {"start": 340, "end": 391, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies"}, {"start": 400, "end": 451, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Gaza Exposes the Complicity of International Actors"}, {"start": 474, "end": 484, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 503, "end": 509, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 546, "end": 549, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tan"}, {"start": 598, "end": 606, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 674, "end": 682, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1005, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 1103, "end": 1108, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 1167, "end": 1176, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Palestine"}, {"start": 1234, "end": 1243, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}]}
{"unique_index": 20469, "source_text": "Essentially some sort of a synophobic mentality that really see people as ‘us and them.’ And as much as some of the Malay Muslim pro-Palestinian supporters here, they hate the extremist right Zionism, but they themselves also often espouse anti-immigrants or rather exclusive nationalism idea in this country. How can we deal with this rather exclusive way of seeing ourselves and the people around us? The exchange was uploaded online and sparked an intense backlash from those who criticized the comparison and accused Tan of inciting communal hatred. Aside from religion and royalty, race is among the highly sensitive topics in multiracial Malaysia, which is about 65 percent Muslim and about 23 percent ethnically Chinese. FTM was quick to issue a public apology, noting it “regrets the distress our journalist caused at the recent forum on Gaza.” After receiving online threats, Tan resigned from Free Malaysia Today and issued a separate apology . I am deeply sorry for my poorly constructed question, my failure to take into account its relevance to the event, and for asking it without sufficient consideration of its sensitive nature.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 521, "end": 524, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tan"}, {"start": 644, "end": 652, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 669, "end": 671, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "65"}, {"start": 697, "end": 699, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23"}, {"start": 805, "end": 815, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 885, "end": 888, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tan"}, {"start": 908, "end": 916, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 917, "end": 922, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20470, "source_text": "I wish to state here unequivocally that I had not the faintest intention to be incendiary or to pose a racist question, and regret deeply that it has been perceived as such. I also wish to state that I did not intend to agitate any community — be it the Malays, Chinese, or Palestinians — and I unreservedly regret that my lack of sensitivity has caused tension among Malaysians. I therefore beseech the public for restraint, and to refrain from sharing, creating, or further commenting on posts that perpetuate this misunderstanding, which may further inflame public discourse. Despite his apology and his promise to cooperate with authorities, he was still detained on January 17 after being summoned by the police to face a sedition probe. He was released on bail, but his phone was seized for the ongoing investigation. If found guilty, he could be sentenced to up to three years in prison. In a media interview, Home Minister Datuk Seri Saifuddin Nasution Ismail urged the public to stop harassing the journalist, as he and his family were being threatened, doxxed, and harassed online. At the same time, he reminded the media to be more circumspect in their statements. Using social media platforms to issue threats benefits no one.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 671, "end": 681, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 17"}, {"start": 872, "end": 883, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}, {"start": 917, "end": 930, "label": "JOB", "value": "Home Minister"}, {"start": 942, "end": 967, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saifuddin Nasution Ismail"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1017, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}]}
{"unique_index": 20471, "source_text": "It only adds to the tension. At the same time, the message is that we must respect sensitivities in a multiracial country so that we can continue to live in peace and harmony. Media and human rights groups sounded an alarm over Tan’s arrest and his sedition probe. The newly-established Malaysian Media Council said his arrest and detention “ appear unnecessary and punitive .” …this case raises serious questions about the risks faced by media practitioners: can a journalist be deemed to have committed sedition or caused public mischief simply by asking a question at a public forum? Heavy-handed and punitive action against a journalist has a chilling effect on the media and public discourse, and reflects poorly on a government that has repeatedly committed itself to upholding freedom of expression and press freedom. The Center for Independent Journalism said authorities should have allowed the Council to resolve the issue. Given the Malaysian Media Council has also offered its services to facilitate conciliation in good faith, we must question why the authorities have not allowed them to reconcile this matter as is their role.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 228, "end": 231, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tan"}, {"start": 287, "end": 310, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Malaysian Media Council"}, {"start": 466, "end": 476, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 630, "end": 640, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 829, "end": 862, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Center for Independent Journalism"}, {"start": 944, "end": 967, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Malaysian Media Council"}]}
{"unique_index": 20472, "source_text": "Its position and the abilities it has been equipped with would allow them to deal with this matter in line with international standards whilst meeting the public interest. Media advocacy group Gerakan Media Merdeka (Geramm) warned that Tan’s arrest could set a dangerous precedent. Geramm takes the stand that Tan’s arrest risks future criminalisation of journalists who are accused of asking ‘sensitive,’ ‘controversial’ or ‘ignorant’ questions. Geramm reiterates our position that regardless of differing views on reporting or questioning, media workers should not be subjected to actions that compromise their safety, dignity or ability to work freely. Global media watchdog Reporters Without Borders said the incident is the latest “episode in the misuse of the country’s Sedition Act, which continues to pose a serious threat to press freedom in Malaysia.” “It is shocking that in democratic Malaysia, a journalist could be charged on suspicion of ‘sedition’ for simply asking a controversial question in public,” it added . This is not the first time that Malaysian journalists have faced a sedition probe in the course of doing their work. In 2023, a book author and publisher was briefly arrested for allegedly disrespecting the country’s coat of arms.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 193, "end": 214, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gerakan Media Merdeka"}, {"start": 236, "end": 239, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tan"}, {"start": 310, "end": 313, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tan"}, {"start": 355, "end": 366, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 678, "end": 703, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reporters Without Borders"}, {"start": 776, "end": 788, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Sedition Act"}, {"start": 851, "end": 859, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 897, "end": 905, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 909, "end": 919, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1083, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1150, "end": 1154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1163, "end": 1169, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}]}
{"unique_index": 20484, "source_text": "War, bloodshed, and legitimacy: Is Iran witnessing another internal coup?\n\nIn the aftermath of recent mass killings in Iran , the atmosphere inside the country shifted palpably. This time it was not only about political outrage or routine repression. There was shock. There was grief. And there was a silence that felt heavier than usual. In that silence, a phrase began circulating among some political insiders and observers: a “ systemic coup.” Of course, contrary to the mentality created in Iran, this white coup was carried out more by conservatives, revolutionary forces, and those close to the leadership in Iran than by opponents of the regime. This is not the first time. It has happened before during moments of extreme stress for the Islamic Republic. Even Supreme National Security Council secretary Ali Larijani alluded, in the context of the recent 12-day confrontation with Israel , to the need for internal recalibration under pressure. What some now call a systemic coup does not necessarily imply tanks in the streets. Rather, it suggests an internal reshuffling of authority — a quiet consolidation shaped by crisis. The argument got more heated after reports that Israeli airstrikes killed a number of high-ranking Iranian military leaders. Questions about deterrence and foreign policy suddenly became irrelevant.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 73, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "War, bloodshed, and legitimacy: Is Iran witnessing another internal coup?"}, {"start": 119, "end": 123, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 496, "end": 500, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 616, "end": 620, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 746, "end": 762, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 769, "end": 802, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme National Security Council"}, {"start": 803, "end": 812, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 813, "end": 825, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ali Larijani"}, {"start": 890, "end": 896, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 964, "end": 967, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20485, "source_text": "Discussions on social media grew to include errors in intelligence , unclear networks of patronage , and claims of corruption in parts of the military and security system. Online debates started to bring up names like Ali Shamkhani repeatedly. Official institutions denied wrongdoing, but the fact that these claims were so public showed that there was a deeper problem: a breach in the perception of unity. At the same time, the government’s legitimacy appears more fragile than before. Many Iranians are not analyzing strategy; they are mourning. Conversations have shifted from geopolitics to disbelief, and families are still processing news that feels destabilizing both personally and nationally. Executions continue, and reports of repression have not ceased. In such an atmosphere, any elite restructuring takes place under the weight of public mistrust—a markedly different environment from the revolutionary fervor of the 1980s. Looking back to the late 1980s This is not the first time Iran has faced a convergence of war, uncertainty, and leadership transition. During the final years of the Iran–Iraq War , the country was exhausted—militarily and economically. Khomeini's health was deteriorating.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 218, "end": 231, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ali Shamkhani"}, {"start": 488, "end": 492, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 932, "end": 937, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980s"}, {"start": 959, "end": 969, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1980s"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1001, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1108, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iraq"}]}
{"unique_index": 20486, "source_text": "Acceptance of UN Resolution 598 marked not only the end of a brutal war but also the beginning of a new political question: what would happen next? The 1988 mass executions of political prisoners remain one of the most debated episodes in modern Iranian history. At the time, Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri, who had been designated as Khomeini’s successor, protested the killings. His objections did not end quietly; they contributed to his eventual removal from the line of succession . Years later, the release of audio recordings from internal meetings suggested that power consolidation had been underway well before his formal dismissal. Hashemi Rafsanjani , who played an important role in the Islamic Revolution and was one of the key figures in electing Ali Khamenei as leader , had memoirs from the mid-1980s hint at conversations about potential leadership transition and even collective decision-making proposals. Succession was not an abstract fear—it was already being negotiated behind closed doors. French diplomat Christian Graeff, who served as ambassador to Iran between 1988 and 1991, later published a book recounting conversations he claimed took place in 1988.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 16, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 17, "end": 31, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Resolution 598"}, {"start": 152, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1988"}, {"start": 286, "end": 307, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hossein Ali Montazeri"}, {"start": 644, "end": 662, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hashemi Rafsanjani"}, {"start": 763, "end": 775, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ali Khamenei"}, {"start": 809, "end": 818, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "mid-1980s"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1030, "label": "JOB", "value": "diplomat"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1047, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Christian Graeff"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1073, "label": "JOB", "value": "ambassador"}, {"start": 1077, "end": 1081, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1090, "end": 1094, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1988"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 1178, "end": 1182, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1988"}]}
{"unique_index": 20487, "source_text": "In it, Mohammad Javad Larijani , a member of the influential Larijani family in the power structure of the Islamic Republic, reportedly spoke of a “white coup” designed to curb Khomeini’s ultimate authority and pivot Iran toward ceasefire and diplomatic normalization. Whether Graeff’s account is fully reliable remains debated. But the mere fact that such conversations were recorded by a foreign diplomat underscores how intensely the question of authority was contested in Khomeini’s final years. A pattern that never quite disappears The Islamic Republic’s early history was turbulent. The resignation of Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan’s provisional government sidelined nationalist-religious currents. The 1981 bombing of the Islamic Republic Party headquarters , which killed Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti and many senior officials, reshaped the political order almost overnight. The bombing was officially attributed to opposition militants , yet its aftermath facilitated the rapid tightening of security structures. Other traumatic events followed. Suspicious airplane crashes involving senior military figures during wartime. Broad purges within the army and later within segments of the Revolutionary Guard . In the late 1990s, the so- called chain murders of intellectuals —crimes eventually attributed to rogue elements within the Ministry of Intelligence —reignited debates over “internal elimination.” Deaths of prominent political figures have often generated questions that linger.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 15, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohammad"}, {"start": 22, "end": 30, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Larijani"}, {"start": 61, "end": 69, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Larijani"}, {"start": 107, "end": 123, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 217, "end": 221, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 277, "end": 283, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Graeff"}, {"start": 398, "end": 406, "label": "JOB", "value": "diplomat"}, {"start": 542, "end": 558, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 609, "end": 623, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 624, "end": 638, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mehdi Bazargan"}, {"start": 710, "end": 714, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1981"}, {"start": 730, "end": 752, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic Party"}, {"start": 791, "end": 808, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohammad Beheshti"}, {"start": 813, "end": 817, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1224, "end": 1234, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1990s"}, {"start": 1341, "end": 1365, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Intelligence"}]}
{"unique_index": 20488, "source_text": "Former president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani died in 2017, and the cause was officially declared cardiac arrest, but some family members publicly sought greater clarity. Ahmad Khomeini's death in 1995. T he son of Ayatollah Khomeini, he was one of those who had the chance to succeed him and was known as the treasure trove of secrets of the Islamic system . His death, which was similarly blamed on heart disease, is still a politically sensitive topic for certain people. Official answers have held up, but doubt remains. The house detention of Mir Hossein Mousavi , former Iranian prime minister, who remains under house arrest today, and Mehdi Karroubi , who was under house arrest along with Mousavi after the Green Movement and has recently been released, also show this. Following the 2009 protests , people thought even more that dealing with crises often means keeping internal enemies in check instead of reconciling with them. Reformist leaders are still being pushed out of politics or facing legal problems. Weaponized history and ideological consolidation The 1986 Iran–Contra affair wasn't the only time Iran and its enemies used secret or semi-secret routes to talk to each other.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 16, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 17, "end": 41, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani"}, {"start": 50, "end": 54, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 193, "end": 197, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1995"}, {"start": 544, "end": 563, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mir Hossein Mousavi"}, {"start": 581, "end": 595, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 628, "end": 633, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 639, "end": 653, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mehdi Karroubi"}, {"start": 694, "end": 701, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mousavi"}, {"start": 712, "end": 726, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Green Movement"}, {"start": 789, "end": 793, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1075, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1986"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1080, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 20489, "source_text": "Over the years, there have been times when open animosity and indirect conversations have happened at the same time. Reports say that Iranian and U.S. officials worked together a little bit on Afghanistan in the early 2000s . Later, secret talks in Oman led to the 2015 nuclear deal . Even when there were public fights, regional security issues have typically required indirect contacts or mediated agreements. This lengthy history of fighting and negotiating at the same time is the larger framework in which people in Iran today understand rumors of meetings or covert talks. Historical narratives have transformed into instruments in modern political conflict. Hassan Abbasi , who is renowned for his strong ideological views and ties to pro-Supreme Leader groups, made statements regarding a supposed encounter between Hassan Rouhani , the former moderate Iranian president who sees himself as a chance to succeed Ali Khamenei, and Israeli counterterrorism official Amiram Nir in 1986. Critics see these kinds of actions as efforts to strengthen a Khamenei-centered story while denigrating reformist opponents . Supporters say they bring to light things that are not obvious.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 146, "end": 150, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 193, "end": 204, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}, {"start": 212, "end": 223, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 2000s"}, {"start": 249, "end": 253, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Oman"}, {"start": 265, "end": 269, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 521, "end": 525, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 526, "end": 531, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 665, "end": 678, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hassan Abbasi"}, {"start": 824, "end": 838, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hassan Rouhani"}, {"start": 869, "end": 878, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 919, "end": 931, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ali Khamenei"}, {"start": 985, "end": 989, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1986"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1061, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khamenei"}]}
{"unique_index": 20490, "source_text": "History in Iran rarely remains neutral, frequently serving political purposes. War, succession, and public grief Israel's June 2025 attack and the alleged deaths of high-ranking officers have brought back memories of the late 1980s, when there was a lot of pressure from outside the country to go to war and a lot of confusion about who was in charge. But Iran today is not the same as it was in 1988. The zeal for revolution has evaporated. Hard times are quite bad. The Supreme Leader is getting older. The ways that succession works are still unclear. And maybe most crucially, people don't trust the government anymore. The tragic murders caused more than just political shockwaves. For many Iranians, they felt like a break. Sadness and worry blended together. While the elites talk about recalibration, regular people are still dealing with loss and feeling weak. In this emotional climate, the term “systemic coup” not only serves as a political theory but also raises concerns about potential hidden agendas. It is still not obvious if a concerted internal restructuring is really happening.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 15, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 113, "end": 119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 122, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 178, "end": 186, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 221, "end": 231, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1980s"}, {"start": 356, "end": 360, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 361, "end": 366, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 396, "end": 400, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1988"}, {"start": 691, "end": 695, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20491, "source_text": "But history shows that when the Islamic Republic is going through many problems at once, like war, succession, and legitimacy strain, power doesn't often change hands through open competition. It makes changes to itself, sometimes gradually and sometimes decisively. At times, this situation results in a state of misery characterized by foreign and internal war, along with widespread mismanagement that we often overlook. On one hand, there is a massacre and a corrupt system; on the other hand, there is foreign intervention and a future resembling that of its neighbors, all while the people lack the right to choose, resulting in self-inflicted misery. Today, as military confrontation, ideological consolidation, elite rivalry, and social fracture converge, Iran appears once again at an inflection point. The question is not simply whether there is a coup or not. The question is whether the system is preparing to reshape itself—before events reshape it instead. The pattern does not suggest chaos. It suggests something more structured: when under stress, the system tightens internally. Is it really shrinking, or is it trying to increase repression and the shadow of war with another white coup?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 32, "end": 48, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 66, "end": 70, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 427, "end": 430, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 658, "end": 663, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 764, "end": 768, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 20527, "source_text": "Pakistan jails two lawyers for 17 years over old tweets\n\nImaan Zainab Mazari-Hazir and Hadi Ali Chattha , a couple who both worked as human rights lawyers in Pakistan, were sentenced to 17 years in prison on January 24, 2026. What was their crime? Between 2021 and 2025, they tweeted about the Pakistan military abusing people in the abuses of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces. There has been a separatist insurgency in Balochistan for nearly 80 years , alongside persistent allegations by families and human rights groups that the military has carried out enforced disappearances and so-called “ kill and dump ” cases against people in the region. Authorities deny these claims, describing their actions as counterterrorism operations. In justifying the hefty sentence, the court cited Pakistan’s Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act ( PECA ), legislation which was first introduced to combat cybercrime, but is increasingly being weaponized to silence dissent, according to rights advocates . Mazari , 32, graduated from the University of Edinburgh and has worked extensively on cases involving enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and the defense of people accused of blasphemy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 55, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pakistan jails two lawyers for 17 years over old tweets"}, {"start": 57, "end": 62, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Imaan"}, {"start": 70, "end": 76, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mazari"}, {"start": 108, "end": 114, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 119, "end": 123, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 134, "end": 154, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights lawyers"}, {"start": 158, "end": 166, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 186, "end": 194, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "17 years"}, {"start": 208, "end": 224, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 24, 2026"}, {"start": 256, "end": 260, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 265, "end": 269, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 294, "end": 302, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 455, "end": 463, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "80 years"}, {"start": 799, "end": 845, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pakistan’s Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act"}, {"start": 848, "end": 852, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 987, "end": 1003, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights advocates"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1012, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mazari"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1017, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "32"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1061, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Edinburgh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20528, "source_text": "She has taken on many of these cases on a voluntary basis. Her mother, Shireen Mazari , served as Pakistan’s human rights minister from August 2018 to April 2022 before leaving politics, reportedly due to pressure from the military. Chattha worked with the Asma Jahangir Legal Aid Cell , Pakistan’s first and leading legal aid organization providing free legal representation to vulnerable populations, where he defended survivors of sexual violence and individuals facing rape charges or accusations under Pakistan’s blasphemy laws. He represented more than a dozen people he maintains were falsely accused. The country’s blasphemy provisions were significantly expanded during the rule of General Zia-ul-Haq in the 1980s and have been abused in the subsequent decades. The couple married in December 2023 and often collaborated on cases that challenged powerful state institutions. They represented Baloch activists, families of missing persons, and journalists facing legal harassment — work that increasingly placed them under scrutiny. The couple denies any wrongdoing and claims they are being targeted for their activism.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 71, "end": 85, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shireen Mazari"}, {"start": 98, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 122, "end": 130, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 136, "end": 147, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2018"}, {"start": 151, "end": 161, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2022"}, {"start": 257, "end": 285, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asma Jahangir Legal Aid Cell"}, {"start": 288, "end": 296, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 507, "end": 515, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 561, "end": 566, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozen"}, {"start": 691, "end": 698, "label": "JOB", "value": "General"}, {"start": 717, "end": 722, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980s"}, {"start": 775, "end": 781, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 793, "end": 806, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2023"}, {"start": 901, "end": 907, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Baloch"}, {"start": 908, "end": 917, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 952, "end": 963, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1051, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}]}
{"unique_index": 20529, "source_text": "The charges and the (lack of) evidence The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act ( PECA ), which governs online content and cyber-related offenses, was cited by prosecutors, who charged them under Sections 9, 10, 11, and 26A. Section 10 addresses cyber terrorism. Section 9 targets the glorification of offenses. Section 26A criminalizes spreading false information that harms national security. The complaint was filed by the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) on August 12, 2025, and the court formally indicted them on October 30, 2025, in connection with their social media activity. What did they actually say? According to court records, Mazari criticized security forces over enforced disappearances in Balochistan. She put the blame on the military, stating that it was not able to effectively combat armed separatist militant groups, including the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Chattha retweeted and amplified some of her posts and also shared content from Mahrang Baloch , a prominent Baloch rights activist, including material linked to a demonstration organized by the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 39, "end": 78, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act"}, {"start": 81, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 159, "end": 170, "label": "JOB", "value": "prosecutors"}, {"start": 425, "end": 466, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency"}, {"start": 468, "end": 473, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 478, "end": 493, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 12, 2025"}, {"start": 535, "end": 551, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 30, 2025"}, {"start": 657, "end": 663, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mazari"}, {"start": 870, "end": 897, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Balochistan Liberation Army"}, {"start": 899, "end": 902, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BLA"}, {"start": 926, "end": 934, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1035, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mahrang Baloch"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1056, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Baloch"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1072, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1136, "end": 1161, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Baloch Yakjehti Committee"}, {"start": 1163, "end": 1166, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BYC"}]}
{"unique_index": 20530, "source_text": "Prosecutors claimed that these posts echoed narratives associated with banned organizations and undermined public confidence in the military. The evidence presented in court reportedly consisted of screenshots, reposts of tweets, and witness statements. Four prosecution witnesses testified. Defense lawyers later said they were not given adequate opportunity to cross-examine them. The full text of the social media posts was not publicly disclosed , beyond general descriptions. The proceedings moved quickly, limiting the defense’s ability to prepare its case. The trial and its flaws The trial moved from indictment to sentencing in less than three months, while most cases brought under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) take years to complete. This one advanced at an unusual speed. On January 23, 2026, police arrested Mazari and Chattha as they were driving to court, despite having been granted protective bail by the Islamabad High Court. According to their lawyers , officers used force during the arrest. In subsequent hearings, the judge at times proceeded without producing the accused in court. Mazari was reportedly unwell during parts of the proceedings.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prosecutors"}, {"start": 254, "end": 258, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Four"}, {"start": 300, "end": 307, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 647, "end": 659, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three months"}, {"start": 696, "end": 731, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act"}, {"start": 733, "end": 737, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 768, "end": 771, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 805, "end": 821, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 23, 2026"}, {"start": 839, "end": 845, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mazari"}, {"start": 940, "end": 960, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamabad High Court"}, {"start": 981, "end": 988, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 991, "end": 999, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 1058, "end": 1063, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1129, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mazari"}]}
{"unique_index": 20531, "source_text": "The couple boycotted the final sentencing hearing, alleging mistreatment in custody. The judge delivered the verdict in under a minute . Defense counsel said they were denied full access to case files. At one stage, court-appointed lawyers appeared without the couple’s consent. Meanwhile, the Islamabad High Court had pending orders to consider transferring the case, yet the trial court continued with the proceedings. Pakistan’s bar associations announced a three-day strike in protest. Amnesty International and the International Commission of Jurists described the trial as a miscarriage of justice. Legal observers pointed to what they said were clear violations of due process. The right to cross-examine witnesses and the right of an accused person to be present at their own trial are cornerstones of a fair hearing in Pakistan. In this case, critics argue, both were curtailed . PECA as a weapon When PECA was first introduced in 2016, it was supposed to combat hacking , online fraud, and genuine cybercrimes. Instead, it has become a tool to silence dissent.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 10, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 89, "end": 94, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 205, "end": 208, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 232, "end": 239, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 261, "end": 267, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 294, "end": 314, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamabad High Court"}, {"start": 421, "end": 429, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 490, "end": 511, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 520, "end": 555, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Commission of Jurists"}, {"start": 828, "end": 836, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 889, "end": 893, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 911, "end": 915, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 940, "end": 944, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}]}
{"unique_index": 20532, "source_text": "The law’s vague language allows authorities to prosecute anyone who criticizes the state. Section 10 on cyber terrorism does not require proof of actual terrorism. Section 26A criminalizes the spread of “false information” harmful to national security, yet the law does not clearly define what constitutes falsehood. Members of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), an opposition political party in Pakistan, have been charged with violating the PECA, as have journalists such as Farhan Mallick, Sohrab Barkat, and Ahmad Noorani, as well as human rights activist Jalila Haider. Previous reporting has also documented the use of sedition-related provisions in digital cases, suggesting a pattern in which critics of state institutions are pursued under cybercrime legislation. The Islamabad High Court has previously raised constitutional concerns about the application of PECA against journalists, noting that freedom of expression and the right to information are protected under Articles 19 and 19A of Pakistan’s Constitution. In one ruling , the court directed the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) to establish clear guidelines before summoning journalists under the law. Those guidelines were never operationalized.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 332, "end": 340, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 397, "end": 405, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 444, "end": 448, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 458, "end": 469, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 513, "end": 526, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ahmad Noorani"}, {"start": 539, "end": 560, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activist"}, {"start": 561, "end": 574, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jalila Haider"}, {"start": 778, "end": 798, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamabad High Court"}, {"start": 870, "end": 874, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 883, "end": 894, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1010, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1033, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1066, "end": 1094, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Investigation Agency"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1099, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIA"}, {"start": 1148, "end": 1159, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20533, "source_text": "Several journalists — including Asad Ali Toor (2021), Bilal Ghauri (2022), and Absar Alam (2023) — received FIA summonses over YouTube videos critical of the military or addressing sensitive aspects of Pakistan’s political history. A 2021 report documented at least 23 cases in which journalists were targeted under PECA for reporting on or criticizing state institutions. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has described this trend as a pattern of intimidation carried out under the guise of law enforcement. International condemnation The UN Human Rights Office and the European Union both condemned the sentencing , describing it as judicial persecution and an apparent weaponization of the justice system. The EU criticized Pakistan for applying cybercrime legislation in ways that appear to penalize legitimate advocacy and free expression. Pakistani officials rejected the criticism, calling the matter an internal affair. According to legal professionals , criminalizing criticism of institutions goes against international standards. The UN Human Rights Committee has repeatedly stated that governments cannot use defamation or cybercrime laws to shield themselves from scrutiny. Public institutions must tolerate criticism. That is what separates democracy from authoritarianism.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 8, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 47, "end": 51, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 68, "end": 72, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 91, "end": 95, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 127, "end": 134, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 202, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 234, "end": 238, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 266, "end": 268, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23"}, {"start": 284, "end": 295, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 316, "end": 320, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 377, "end": 409, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Committee to Protect Journalists"}, {"start": 549, "end": 571, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Human Rights Office"}, {"start": 580, "end": 594, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 595, "end": 599, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 722, "end": 724, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 736, "end": 744, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1079, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Human Rights Committee"}]}
{"unique_index": 20534, "source_text": "Mazari had previously represented Mahrang Baloch , who is now also in detention. Supporters believe the sequence of events is significant. Mazari was known for openly challenging military officials in court and for refusing to moderate her criticism. To her backers, the severity of the 17-year sentence suggests the case extends beyond social media posts. They see it as a warning directed at those who openly defy powerful institutions. The broader threat Amnesty International described the sentencing of Imaan Mazari and Hadi Ali Chattha as “an alarming misuse of the justice system,” warning that it could deter lawyers and activists from speaking out. Human Rights Watch said the case “sends a chilling message to journalists, lawyers, and civil society actors across Pakistan.” The Express Tribune reported that lawyers staged walkouts in protest, arguing that the verdicts threaten the ability of legal professionals to take on sensitive cases and represent marginalized communities. For years, Mazari and Chattha represented individuals who alleged abuse by powerful institutions. Today, they are the ones behind bars. Pakistan’s government maintains that it respects human rights and freedom of expression. Yet this case has drawn sustained international scrutiny.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mazari"}, {"start": 34, "end": 48, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mahrang Baloch"}, {"start": 58, "end": 61, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 139, "end": 145, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mazari"}, {"start": 458, "end": 479, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 508, "end": 520, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Imaan Mazari"}, {"start": 617, "end": 624, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 629, "end": 638, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 658, "end": 676, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Watch"}, {"start": 720, "end": 731, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 733, "end": 740, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 774, "end": 782, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 819, "end": 826, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1009, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mazari"}, {"start": 1090, "end": 1095, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 1128, "end": 1136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20535, "source_text": "After alleged racist insult, an Argentine tourist faces the possibility of prison time in Brazil\n\nOn February 6, a 29-year-old Argentine lawyer was arrested in Rio de Janeiro. A few days earlier, on January 14, Agostina Paez was recorded on video leaving a bar with two other women, yelling “mono” (monkey in Spanish) at staff members while making gestures and sounds mimicking the animal. Paez, who was visiting the city as a tourist , was later released with an ankle monitor , but is still being prosecuted for her actions and cannot leave Brazil while awaiting trial. As told in the report registered by one of the workers at a police station, the actions indicating a racial slur came after a disagreement about the bill. He was also the person who recorded the video, reports Agência Brasil . Paez posted a video on her Instagram account on February 5, after learning an arrest order had been issued, saying her rights were being violated and that she was desperate and afraid. To the Argentine TV channel El Trece , she said she never meant to be racist. “I'm an Argentinian.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 96, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "After alleged racist insult, an Argentine tourist faces the possibility of prison time in Brazil"}, {"start": 101, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 6"}, {"start": 115, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "29-year-old"}, {"start": 137, "end": 143, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 178, "end": 194, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few days earlier"}, {"start": 199, "end": 209, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 14"}, {"start": 211, "end": 224, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Agostina Paez"}, {"start": 266, "end": 269, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 390, "end": 394, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paez"}, {"start": 543, "end": 549, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 790, "end": 796, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 799, "end": 803, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paez"}, {"start": 826, "end": 835, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 847, "end": 857, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 5"}, {"start": 991, "end": 1003, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Argentine TV"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1020, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "El Trece"}]}
{"unique_index": 20536, "source_text": "It was an emotional reaction, but I could never imagine the seriousness of it and of all that came afterwards,” she declared. She also told the news outlet she had been receiving threats. The story surprised people online with how strictly Brazilian law treats racism as a criminal offense. It is written in the country’s 1988 Federal Constitution . Since 1989, under Brazilian law, racism has been a non-bailable and imprescriptible crime. If found guilty, a person could be sentenced to two to five years in prison. Since 2023, a racial insult — when the offense is directed to a specific individual rather than a collective — also had its penalty increased and equated to racism in the legislation. Paez was arraigned for the latter. The country had its first law making racial discrimination an offense in the 1950s, prior to the advances that only developed after the military dictatorship (1964–1985) . The law was named after Afonso Arinos , a Congressman who introduced the proposal in the parliament when his Black driver suffered discrimination at a bakery in Rio.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 322, "end": 326, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1988"}, {"start": 356, "end": 360, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1989"}, {"start": 496, "end": 506, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years"}, {"start": 524, "end": 528, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 702, "end": 706, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paez"}, {"start": 814, "end": 819, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1950s"}, {"start": 896, "end": 900, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1964"}, {"start": 901, "end": 905, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1985"}, {"start": 1024, "end": 1030, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}]}
{"unique_index": 20537, "source_text": "The bill gained momentum in public opinion after an African-American dancer and activist, Katherine Dunham , publicly denounced a hotel for denying her a room. The penalties , however, were lighter than those under the current legislation. The myth of racial democracy For decades, Brazilians sustained the myth of their country as a racial democracy , despite its history of miscegenation, violence and the ongoing discrimination after centuries of colonization and slavery . The country received the largest number of enslaved people in the Americas and has the largest African-descendant population outside the African continent. According to the 2022 census , the latest one published, out of its 213 million population , 45.3 per cent of Brazilians self-identify as mixed-ethnicity (“ pardo ”), 10.2 percent as Black and 0.8 per cent as Indigenous. Even with laws against racism and affirmative action policies in place, structural racism is still ingrained in Brazilian society, and this was acknowledged by a unanimous vote by the Federal Supreme Court (STF) in December 2025.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 80, "end": 88, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 90, "end": 106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Katherine Dunham"}, {"start": 650, "end": 654, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 675, "end": 678, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 701, "end": 712, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "213 million"}, {"start": 726, "end": 730, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45.3"}, {"start": 800, "end": 804, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10.2"}, {"start": 826, "end": 829, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.8"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1059, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Supreme Court"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1064, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "STF"}, {"start": 1069, "end": 1082, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20538, "source_text": "“We say Brazilian racism is structural because our entire society is seated on a racist basis. Here, it’s such a normalized phenomenon that constitutes the normal functioning of our society,” explains an article by Brasil de Direitos . Yet, social movements and the growing impact of news stories have brought progress in learning about and discussing the issue among Brazilians over the last decades, as Aline Miklos , an activist and advocacy director at Vladimir Herzog Institute , told the Argentinian news outlet Página 12 . Tanto Brasil como Argentina fueron países construidos sobre la explotación sistemática de la mano de obra indígena y africana, lo que dio lugar a procesos de genocidio y etnocidio contra estas poblaciones. En Brasil, un factor histórico que contribuye a que los delitos de carácter racial sean tratados con mayor seriedad, es que los grupos racializados se encuentran cada vez más organizados y, proporcionalmente, representan un número mayor de personas que en Argentina. Esta organización les permite ejercer presión sobre el Estado.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 215, "end": 233, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Brasil de Direitos"}, {"start": 388, "end": 400, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last decades"}, {"start": 405, "end": 417, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aline Miklos"}, {"start": 423, "end": 431, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 445, "end": 453, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 457, "end": 482, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Vladimir Herzog Institute"}, {"start": 518, "end": 527, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Página 12"}, {"start": 536, "end": 542, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 548, "end": 557, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 739, "end": 745, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 992, "end": 1001, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}]}
{"unique_index": 20539, "source_text": "Both Brazil and Argentina were countries built upon the systematic exploitation of Indigenous and African labor, which took place amid processes of genocide and ethnocide against these people. In Brazil, a historical factor that contributes to crimes of a racial character being treated with greater seriousness is that racial groups are more organized and, proportionally, represent a greater number of people than in Argentina. This organization allows them to put pressure on the State. Pagina12 also compares the case faced by Paez in Brazil with what it would have been in her native country. Journalist Dolores Curia writes that it’s likely “it wouldn’t have caused her any trouble” there. “The difference with Argentinian legislation is that, here, racism is not recognized either as a legal figure, or as a structural phenomenon,” she stated. Red card The difference in how each country in South America acknowledges and deals with racism has been more evident in the past few years, especially on football pitches. There have been a number of recent cases involving clubs from Conmebol (the South American Football Confederation).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 5, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 16, "end": 25, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 196, "end": 202, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 419, "end": 428, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 531, "end": 535, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paez"}, {"start": 539, "end": 545, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 598, "end": 608, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalist"}, {"start": 609, "end": 622, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dolores Curia"}, {"start": 898, "end": 911, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South America"}, {"start": 976, "end": 990, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past few years"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1137, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "South American Football Confederation"}]}
{"unique_index": 20540, "source_text": "In March 2025, for example, fans from Paraguay’s Cerro Porteño made monkey gestures and spat towards Luighi, a footballer from Brazilian club Palmeiras. In 2024, the women’s team of Grêmio, another Brazilian club, left the pitch in protest after an athlete from Argentina’s River Plate team made racist gestures towards a ball boy during the Brasil Ladies Cup. Four River players were arrested for racial insult afterwards. The latest case, also involving “monkey” as a racial slur in a sports context, took place in a Champions League match between Real Madrid and Benfica football clubs on February 17 in Lisbon, after Vinicius Junior , a Brazilian and one of Real Madrid’s star players, scored a game-winning goal . He went to the referee to activate FIFA’s anti-racism protocol after saying he heard the word from Argentinian player Gianluca Prestianni. The Benfica athlete, who covered his mouth with the jersey while saying something to Vinicius Junior, avoiding lipreading, claimed he was misinterpreted and denied using racial slurs. The Portuguese club backed his version.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 13, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2025"}, {"start": 38, "end": 46, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Paraguay"}, {"start": 111, "end": 121, "label": "JOB", "value": "footballer"}, {"start": 142, "end": 151, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Palmeiras"}, {"start": 156, "end": 160, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 249, "end": 256, "label": "JOB", "value": "athlete"}, {"start": 262, "end": 285, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina’s River Plate"}, {"start": 342, "end": 348, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 361, "end": 371, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Four River"}, {"start": 519, "end": 535, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Champions League"}, {"start": 592, "end": 603, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 17"}, {"start": 754, "end": 758, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA"}, {"start": 837, "end": 856, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gianluca Prestianni"}, {"start": 870, "end": 877, "label": "JOB", "value": "athlete"}]}
{"unique_index": 20541, "source_text": "Because of other racist attacks he has suffered in his career in Spain, “Vini Jr” has become one of the main voices fighting racism in football — since arriving in Madrid, eight years ago, he reported 20 cases of alleged racist abuse against him. His critics often point him out as someone who plays a victim, blaming his provocative style for it. A couple of years ago, another video went viral among South Americans. A boy wearing the Argentina national team’s jersey sees a monkey walking on the electric wires in his backyard, while a woman records him. The child proceeds to say: “Vinicius! Vinicius Jr.! You're going to be electrocuted,” and imitates a monkey. He also grunts and corrects himself: “No, this is how pigs do, which is Mbappé,” referring to the French player, Kylian Mbappé , who also suffered racist abuse throughout his career. According to CNN Brasil , f ollowing Agostina Paez’s arrest, Argentine newspapers published guides warning travelers about Brazil’s racism laws, and offering tips on gestures and words to avoid while visiting the country.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 65, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Spain"}, {"start": 172, "end": 187, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "eight years ago"}, {"start": 201, "end": 203, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 350, "end": 356, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 437, "end": 446, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 739, "end": 745, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mbappé"}, {"start": 780, "end": 793, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kylian Mbappé"}, {"start": 863, "end": 866, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CNN"}, {"start": 867, "end": 873, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 887, "end": 900, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Agostina Paez"}, {"start": 973, "end": 979, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}]}
{"unique_index": 20558, "source_text": "‘Shame must change sides’: Gisèle Pelicot’s tremendous message of hope and courage sweeps the world\n\nFrenchwoman Gisèle Pelicot has become an international symbol of courage after fearlessly speaking out about her now ex-husband subjecting her to countless rapes while unconscious over their 50-year marriage. Following the conclusion of the high-profile criminal trial against her ex-husband, Pelicot released her memoir, “A Hymn to Life: Shame has to Change Sides,” on February 17, 2026. The book documents her experience and has gone international. The translations of her book and various interviews on international media have made her an icon of women’s resilience against the worst forms of sexual violence . The Pelicot Rape Case, also known in France as the Mazan Rape Trial, named after a village in southeastern France where the Pelicot family lived , began in 2020 following the summons of Gisèle Pelicot’s husband, Dominique, to the local police station for allegedly taking indecent photos of women in public without their consent . Investigators then discovered that from 2011 to 2020, Dominique Pelicot chemically sedated his wife so that he and at least 50 other men, ranging from 21 to 68 years of age , could rape her and film the incident, bringing the investigation to a conclusion.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 99, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "‘Shame must change sides’: Gisèle Pelicot’s tremendous message of hope and courage sweeps the world"}, {"start": 113, "end": 127, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gisèle Pelicot"}, {"start": 214, "end": 217, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 394, "end": 401, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pelicot"}, {"start": 471, "end": 488, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 17, 2026"}, {"start": 720, "end": 727, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pelicot"}, {"start": 753, "end": 759, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 823, "end": 829, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 840, "end": 847, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pelicot"}, {"start": 872, "end": 876, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 902, "end": 916, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gisèle Pelicot"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1091, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2011"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1099, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1111, "end": 1118, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pelicot"}, {"start": 1171, "end": 1173, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 1198, "end": 1219, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "21 to 68 years of age"}]}
{"unique_index": 20559, "source_text": "In such cases, it is possible to request a closed trial to protect the victims’ anonymity. However, contrary to usual practices, Gisèle Pelicot decided to waive her anonymity to warn French society as a whole about the scale of the sexual violence and bring to light the consequences of toxic masculinity. She explained this decision in this Radio France interview : J'ai traversé la honte au moment de la révélation des faits, c'est-à-dire le 2 novembre 2020, quand je me suis rendue compte de toute l'horreur qu'on m'avait fait subir. J'ai mis du temps […] il m'a fallu quatre ans. Je me suis dit qu'il fallait penser à toutes les victimes de viols qui n'osent pas s'opposer au huis clos parce qu'elles ont cette honte, qui pour nous est une double peine, une souffrance que nous nous infligeons. Je n'imaginais pas que ma parole trouverait un écho aussi large, y compris au-delà de nos frontières. I felt ashamed when the incidents came to light on November 2, 2020, when I first became aware of all the horrors I had experienced.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 129, "end": 143, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gisèle Pelicot"}, {"start": 348, "end": 354, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 444, "end": 445, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2"}, {"start": 455, "end": 459, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 952, "end": 968, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2, 2020"}]}
{"unique_index": 20560, "source_text": "It took me a while. It took me four years. I told myself we had to consider all the rape victims, who don’t dare reject a closed trial out of shame, which is a dual hardship for us, a suffering we inflict on ourselves. I never imagined that my voice would resonate so widely, including beyond our borders. In France, a woman suffers a rape or attempted rape every two and a half minutes , a figure that is likely an underestimation, as many victims do not report these offenses, which are often committed by close relations. In October 2025, the French parliament and Senate ratified an amendment to the law defining rape, adding the concept of non-consent of any victim of sexual assault. Article 222-22 of the Penal Code now states: Constitue une agression sexuelle tout acte sexuel non consenti commis sur la personne d’autrui ou sur la personne de l’auteur […]. Any nonconsensual sexual act committed on another person or on the perpetrator constitutes sexual assault […].", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 41, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}, {"start": 309, "end": 315, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 364, "end": 386, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two and a half minutes"}, {"start": 436, "end": 440, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 528, "end": 540, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 723, "end": 726, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20561, "source_text": "The Mazan Rape Trial shook French society and officially ended in December 2024 with the condemnation of all those accused. It had an indelible influence on the change in the definition of rape in the 2025 Penal Code. On July 14, 2025, the French State appointed Gisèle Pelicot a knight of the Legion of Honor . A global symbol and now literary icon In deciding to speak publicly about the horrors she faced, Gisèle Pelicot opened a global debate in 2020 . She is not only immediately recognized as a symbol of violence against women and the impunity of men who commit such acts of violence , including in liberal societies that protect gender equality by law, but also as an inspiration in social and political discourse . On February 17, 2026, following the conclusion of her trial, Gisèle released her memour which she co-wrote with the journalist Judith Perrignon . She first presented her book on the prime-time literary TV show La Grande Librairie broadcast on a public channel on February 11, 2026, attracting more than half a million viewers .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 66, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2024"}, {"start": 201, "end": 205, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 221, "end": 234, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 14, 2025"}, {"start": 240, "end": 252, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "French State"}, {"start": 263, "end": 277, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gisèle Pelicot"}, {"start": 332, "end": 335, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 409, "end": 423, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gisèle Pelicot"}, {"start": 450, "end": 454, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 727, "end": 744, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 17, 2026"}, {"start": 785, "end": 791, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gisèle"}, {"start": 840, "end": 850, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 851, "end": 867, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Judith Perrignon"}, {"start": 934, "end": 953, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "La Grande Librairie"}, {"start": 987, "end": 1004, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 11, 2026"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1031, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1041, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20562, "source_text": "In this almost 50-minute-long interview , she reaffirmed her main message : shame must change sides, that is to say, it must no longer be the victims who are ashamed to report sexual assault, but those who commit it: She tells how, despite having some suspicions, several visits to the doctor didn’t reveal that she was being drugged. She underscores that she refuses to be a “broken victim,” how the support of thousands of women has helped her, and how she is rebuilding her life at age 73. As the French feminist historian Michelle Perrot said on the same TV show, “Gisèle Pelicot is inspiring.” While this was her first interview since the trials began, she has since been interviewed by journalists and outlets around the world. From El País to the New York Times, and from the BBC to Vogue Magazine and Der Spiegel , her book will be published in 22 languages, confirming her status as a global feminist icon. Her image is already being featured in various exhibitions and engaged works of art, like this mural by the artist Maca :", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 264, "end": 271, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 286, "end": 292, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctor"}, {"start": 412, "end": 421, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 489, "end": 491, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "73"}, {"start": 516, "end": 525, "label": "JOB", "value": "historian"}, {"start": 526, "end": 541, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michelle Perrot"}, {"start": 569, "end": 583, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gisèle Pelicot"}, {"start": 692, "end": 703, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 739, "end": 746, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "El País"}, {"start": 754, "end": 768, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "New York Times"}, {"start": 783, "end": 786, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 790, "end": 820, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Vogue Magazine and Der Spiegel"}, {"start": 853, "end": 855, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22"}, {"start": 1024, "end": 1030, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1035, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maca"}]}
{"unique_index": 20570, "source_text": "Ethiopia’s urban renewal projects and turn toward aesthetic propaganda\n\nAfter Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visited Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on February 17, it wasn’t the diplomatic and geopolitical importance of his visit that captured the internet’s attention. It was a video of his motorcade racing through a newly completed boulevard in Addis Ababa, with wide, clean streets, surrounded by high-rises and bright lights. Amassing more than five million views in a day, the footage quickly spread to far corners of the world. Ethiopians shared the video — and several others like it — with pride. Commentators from African countries as well as places as far as Iran and Pakistan expressed admiration and contrasted it with dilapidated streets in their own countries. Addis Ababa’s urban transformation narrative This is the second time Addis Ababa’s cityscape has gone viral in recent months. In January, a visit by renowned US influencer Darren Watkins Jr. , known online as IshowSpeed, garnered 10 million views in a day and similar buzz about Addis Ababa’s urban transformation, with his YouTube livestream and snippets of clips from it going viral on X and TikTok. Many saw the video as a direct challenge to outdated Western stereotypes of limited African infrastructure, and evidence that the country is transforming at a breakneck pace.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ethiopia’s urban renewal projects and turn toward aesthetic propaganda"}, {"start": 86, "end": 95, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 96, "end": 116, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"}, {"start": 125, "end": 136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Addis Ababa"}, {"start": 138, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 151, "end": 162, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 17"}, {"start": 348, "end": 359, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Addis Ababa"}, {"start": 450, "end": 462, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five million"}, {"start": 569, "end": 576, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 670, "end": 674, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 679, "end": 687, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 776, "end": 787, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Addis Ababa"}, {"start": 845, "end": 856, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Addis Ababa"}, {"start": 934, "end": 936, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 937, "end": 947, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencer"}, {"start": 948, "end": 965, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Darren Watkins Jr"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1016, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10 million"}, {"start": 1055, "end": 1066, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Addis Ababa"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1107, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 1164, "end": 1165, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 1170, "end": 1176, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 1178, "end": 1182, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20571, "source_text": "The corridor development project , an urban transformation project “aiming to improve infrastructure, housing, and public spaces,” has become the centerpiece of the Ethiopian government’s agenda. Over the past three years, Addis Ababa’s corridor project has added and expanded walkways, bike lanes, green spaces, and vibrant streetlights, complemented by an associated riverside development. The project has also come under criticism regarding the forced eviction of the urban poor, the erasure of cultural heritage, and the lack of transparency. More importantly, it has been criticized for misprioritizing and misallocating government resources, given the socio-economic and political challenges Ethiopia faces. Large swaths of the country are experiencing civil wars and remain outside government control, with 4.5 million people internally displaced, and 10 million citizens requiring humanitarian aid in 2025. Additionally, 9 million school-age children are out of school due to conflict and resource scarcity. Aesthetic propaganda In the face of such a systemic crisis, urban renewal and accompanying imagery pushed by state actors and supporters — and amplified by a willing and unsuspecting assemblage of influencers, travelers, and social media users — have become an important source of aesthetic propaganda.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 205, "end": 221, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past three years"}, {"start": 223, "end": 234, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Addis Ababa"}, {"start": 698, "end": 706, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 814, "end": 825, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.5 million"}, {"start": 859, "end": 869, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10 million"}, {"start": 909, "end": 913, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 929, "end": 938, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9 million"}, {"start": 1213, "end": 1224, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20572, "source_text": "To push back against criticism, state actors and their digital proxies resort to visually striking transformations of urban spaces as proof that the government is succeeding despite naysayers. Aesthetic propaganda thus expands the toolkit of what has invariably been described as network propaganda , computational propaganda , and, recently, influencer propaganda . This turn to aesthetic propaganda is borne out of shifting technological trajectories. Images and short-form videos have emerged as the predominant features of social media. This has especially been the case since the launch of TikTok in 2018, quickly becoming one of the largest video-sharing platforms globally. Scholars have argued that visual media tends to be “attention-grabbing, emotion-eliciting, and easy-to-digest,” making it versatile in the digital age of information overload. Authoritarian states have recognized this visual turn in social media and have adapted their propaganda efforts accordingly to appeal to wider and younger audiences. Propaganda by the state and beyond the state Unlike traditional propaganda, in which the state tends to be the sole producer and amplifier of material, aesthetic propaganda is produced in a distributed manner, including by state actors, influencers, tourism agencies, travelers, and citizens themselves.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 343, "end": 353, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencer"}, {"start": 595, "end": 601, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 605, "end": 609, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 1260, "end": 1271, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20573, "source_text": "A large portion of content related to the corridor project comes from government social media accounts, including those of the Prime Minister’s Office and the Addis Ababa City Administration, which share high-production-value video footage, including drone shots, on X and TikTok. Snippets of these videos are then clipped and amplified by supporters and followers. However, the state is not the only source. International influencers like IshowSpeed , African influencers such as Wode Maya , and lesser-known local influencers produced visual content highlighting the city’s transformation. This trend is not limited to Ethiopia. Influencers have increasingly become important in popularizing selective authoritarian stories from Dubai to China , and thereby legitimizing authoritarian narratives. In addition to supplying the underlying content, state actors also amplify content created by influencers and leverage accidental virality, as the motorcade video of Erdoğan’s visit illustrates. The moment the video went viral and garnered international attention, state actors worked to amplify it and spread it further. Thus, diplomatic missions , ministers, and pro-government accounts not only retweeted this viral video but also added additional visual material of urban corridor projects throughout the country, further solidifying these images as the official story.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 127, "end": 150, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Prime Minister’s Office"}, {"start": 159, "end": 190, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Addis Ababa City Administration"}, {"start": 267, "end": 268, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 273, "end": 279, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 423, "end": 434, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 440, "end": 450, "label": "PERSON", "value": "IshowSpeed"}, {"start": 461, "end": 472, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 516, "end": 527, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 621, "end": 629, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 631, "end": 642, "label": "JOB", "value": "Influencers"}, {"start": 740, "end": 745, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 893, "end": 904, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 965, "end": 972, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Erdoğan"}, {"start": 1149, "end": 1158, "label": "JOB", "value": "ministers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20574, "source_text": "In some cases, it also receives amplification through traditional state-owned media and feeds government propaganda beyond the internet. Presenting the reality of Africa These visuals are also powerful because they are presented as authentic accounts of Ethiopia’s reality, thereby bypassing stereotypical Western representations of Africa. Of course, Western media has severe credibility issues on the continent as it has historically represented Africa and Africans as less than, by amplifying stories of violence and poverty and deprioritizing uplifting stories. In this context, the visual content of African skylines feels emancipatory. However, this is an illusion. Instead of presenting the reality of Africa and Africans as it is, it simply replaces foreign/Western framing with domestic elitist framing, while the majority of society remains invisible. And by doing so, it undermines critical interrogation into the socio-economic and political realities. While it feels — and looks — uplifting, it reproduces state legitimacy at the expense of the underprivileged and invisibilized populations. Aesthetics as legitimacy While these videos of urban transformation do not misinform, they still displace criticism through compelling visual narrative.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 163, "end": 169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 254, "end": 262, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 333, "end": 339, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 448, "end": 454, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 709, "end": 715, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20575, "source_text": "They decontextualize the image from the country’s underlying political economy. Short-form content also discourages critical and causal questioning, as it emphasizes the repetitive display of roads, skylines, and streetlights. As video becomes the dominant political medium, propaganda shifts from narration to visualization, making aesthetics central to authoritarian legitimacy. Of course, it is important to recognize that such visual material aimed at boosting tourism and popularizing destinations is neither new nor unique to Ethiopia. The Ethiopian case becomes concerning when situated within the broader political context, where a political crisis is tearing the country apart, and a spectre of a new war looms, in addition to multiple growing insurgencies . In this context, aesthetics does more political work of legitimizing the political elite and obfuscating the reality on the ground. While most of the literature on digital propaganda focuses on superpowers such as China, which marshals unparalleled surveillance capacity and narrative control, the Ethiopian case illustrates that a fragile state whose monopoly of violence is challenged can also resort to such visual propaganda to legitimize itself and distract from multiple political, economic, and military challenges.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 532, "end": 540, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 982, "end": 987, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 20587, "source_text": "The marble mirage: Ashgabat’s record-breaking facade contradicts Turkmenistan’s reality\n\nTurkmenistan’s capital, Ashgabat, does not feel like a living capital; it feels like a high-budget film set where the actors have gone missing. In 2013, the city secured its place in the Guinness World Records Book for the highest density of white marble-clad buildings — a staggering 543 structures shrouded in 4.5 million square meters of sparkling Italian stone. Under the relentless Central Asian sun, the city is blinding — a monochromatic landscape of ivory towers and gold-leafed statues that project an image of absolute, unshakeable perfection. Videos from the ground reveal a city that is eerily “picture perfect,” yet strangely devoid of the chaos typically found in a national capital. However, this aesthetic choice is more than mere architecture; it is a state-driven manifesto. The regime of President Serdar Berdimuhamedow, a de facto dictatorship, uses this “White City” as a visual tool to project power and stability to the outside world, masking the country’s deep isolation and economic woes. By creating a sprawling, sterile environment of “perfection,” the government attempts to manufacture a narrative of national prosperity, even as the streets themselves remain silent and disconnected from the people they were supposedly built for.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 87, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The marble mirage: Ashgabat’s record-breaking facade contradicts Turkmenistan’s reality"}, {"start": 89, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Turkmenistan"}, {"start": 113, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ashgabat"}, {"start": 207, "end": 213, "label": "JOB", "value": "actors"}, {"start": 236, "end": 240, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013"}, {"start": 374, "end": 377, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "543"}, {"start": 401, "end": 412, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.5 million"}, {"start": 896, "end": 905, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 906, "end": 927, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Serdar Berdimuhamedow"}, {"start": 965, "end": 975, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "White City"}]}
{"unique_index": 20588, "source_text": "The USD 14 billion paradox The urban transformation of Ashgabat has come with a staggering price tag, estimated at over USD 14 billion . This financial titanism is fueled by “Blue Gold,” Turkmenistan’s natural gas reserves , the fourth-largest in the world. While the government receives 85 percent of its revenue from energy exports to China, Russia, and potentially Europe, this wealth rarely trickles down to the populace. Instead, it is funneled into vanity projects. From the world’s largest indoor Ferris wheel to the world’s largest horse-shaped stadium , the government’s priorities are clear. This obsession with grandeur dates back to the country’s first president, the late Saparmurat Niyazov, who famously ordered an ice castle to be built in the middle of a desert. Today, this legacy continues under a rigid system where the state claims nearly 99 percent of election votes while maintaining an unemployment rate estimated at 60 percent . The result is the “City of the Dead”: a record-breaking capital that only legally registered citizens can inhabit, leaving the new districts eerily empty .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 18, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14 billion"}, {"start": 55, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ashgabat"}, {"start": 124, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14 billion"}, {"start": 187, "end": 199, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Turkmenistan"}, {"start": 288, "end": 290, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "85"}, {"start": 337, "end": 342, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 344, "end": 350, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 368, "end": 374, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 665, "end": 674, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 685, "end": 703, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saparmurat Niyazov"}, {"start": 779, "end": 784, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 859, "end": 861, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "99"}, {"start": 940, "end": 942, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}]}
{"unique_index": 20589, "source_text": "The scarcity behind the shine While Ashgabat boasts the record for the most fountain pools in a public place , flowing day and night in celebration of state power, the rest of the country is parched. Turkmenistan is currently facing a worsening hydrological and humanitarian crisis . The survival of the nation depends on the Amu Darya River, a vital artery that is rapidly retreating due to the dual pressures of climate change and regional mismanagement. In the rural provinces, water is a disappearing luxury, yet in the capital, it remains a decorative plaything, used to maintain the lush, artificial parks of the “White City.” This disparity extends to a worsening food security crisis. Despite its marble exterior and the wealth generated from natural gas, Turkmenistan imports 60 percent of its food . The average Turkmen family is caught in a vice of hyperinflation and scarcity, often spending 70 to 80 percent of their total income on basic groceries. Literal “bread lines” have become a fixture of daily life. Citizens wait for hours in front of state-run stores for a chance to purchase subsidized flour or oil, only to be turned away when stocks inevitably run out.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 44, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ashgabat"}, {"start": 200, "end": 212, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Turkmenistan"}, {"start": 216, "end": 225, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 326, "end": 341, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Amu Darya River"}, {"start": 620, "end": 630, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "White City"}, {"start": 764, "end": 776, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Turkmenistan"}, {"start": 785, "end": 787, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 904, "end": 912, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70 to 80"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1015, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 20590, "source_text": "While begging and scavenging for food have become increasingly common in the provinces, the state-run media broadcasts a parallel reality of abundance. Paradoxically, even as citizens struggle to eat, the regime is planning to close subsidized food schemes , claiming the population is prosperous enough to navigate a “free market.” This systemic neglect is coupled with exploitation; thousands of public sector workers, including teachers and doctors, are forced into the cotton fields every season as manual labor to sustain the regime’s agricultural quotas. The marble of Ashgabat is, in a very literal sense, built on the parched earth and hungry labor of its people. The digital and physical microscope This glaring discrepancy between the sparkling marble-clad capital and the population struggling to make ends meet remains unchallenged due to the totalitarian rule established in 1991 , when the country gained independence from the Soviet Union. Turkmenistan is one of the most closed societies on earth, equalled in its isolation and restrictions perhaps only by North Korea. The KNB (secret police) eavesdrops on every digital move, and using a VPN is a punishable crime .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 385, "end": 394, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 431, "end": 439, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}, {"start": 444, "end": 451, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 575, "end": 583, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ashgabat"}, {"start": 888, "end": 892, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 941, "end": 953, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Soviet Union"}, {"start": 955, "end": 967, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Turkmenistan"}, {"start": 1073, "end": 1084, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Korea"}]}
{"unique_index": 20591, "source_text": "Information is strictly rationed; foreign publications and libraries have been systematically shut down, replaced by state propaganda like the Ruhnama — a spiritual guide written by the former dictator, Niyazov, that was once compulsory for job interviews and driving tests. The surveillance is also physical and highly gendered. Women have been fired from government jobs for wearing makeup, false eyelashes, or “Western” outfits, as opposed to traditional clothing. Young men are detained and forced to shave if their beards are deemed “too radical.” Even travel is weaponized; the state maintains an extensive blacklist of citizens banned from leaving the country, effectively trapping them inside the country. Those who dare to challenge this narrative often “disappear.” The campaign “Prove They Are Alive!” documents over 120 cases of enforced disappearances , including former Foreign Minister Boris Shikhmuradov and journalist Ogulsapar Muradova , whose body showed clear signs of torture upon return. In jails like Ovadan-Depe , dissent is silenced through isolation and starvation, far away from the sparkling fountains. To the international observer, Ashgabat serves as a modern-day “Theresienstadt” — the city Adolf Hitler used to fool Red Cross inspectors — a facade built to hide a decaying interior.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 203, "end": 210, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Niyazov"}, {"start": 828, "end": 831, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "120"}, {"start": 884, "end": 900, "label": "JOB", "value": "Foreign Minister"}, {"start": 901, "end": 919, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Boris Shikhmuradov"}, {"start": 924, "end": 934, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 935, "end": 953, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ogulsapar Muradova"}, {"start": 1162, "end": 1170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ashgabat"}, {"start": 1222, "end": 1234, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Adolf Hitler"}, {"start": 1248, "end": 1257, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Red Cross"}]}
{"unique_index": 20592, "source_text": "Similarly, Ashgabat is a masterpiece of misdirection, a place where architectural grandiosity is weaponized to hide a nation with a 1 out of 100 freedom score . The tragedy of the “Marble Mirage” is that it is a vanity project built on a foundation of scarcity. As climate change accelerates and the Amu Darya river continues to retreat, the lush, fountain-filled parks of the capital will become even harder to justify. It is a cautionary tale for the 21st century: a regime can import the finest materials from Italy and Turkey, but it cannot import a soul for a city that remains hollowed out by fear . Ultimately, a nation’s greatness cannot be measured by the metric tons of marble it imports or the record-breaking height of its monuments. True prosperity is found in the well-being, food security, and digital freedom of the individuals who walk its streets. Ashghabat may glitter brilliantly under the sun, but without the foundation of human rights and dignity, it remains a fragile and empty monument to excess.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ashgabat"}, {"start": 132, "end": 133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 141, "end": 144, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 300, "end": 309, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Amu Darya"}, {"start": 449, "end": 465, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 21st century"}, {"start": 513, "end": 518, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}]}
{"unique_index": 20600, "source_text": "Inside Bangladesh’s Rohingya camps where fire continues to shape the existence of refugees\n\nMohammad Ali had already lost everything once. On March 22, 2021, a Disaster Management Unit volunteer rushed toward the flames engulfing Camp 9 in Ukhia, Cox’s Bazar, the largest refugee camp in Bangladesh, his extinguisher raised like a weapon against the inevitable. “As we were dousing it, fire engulfed the other side,” he would later recall. “When our extinguishers ran out, we rushed home. We couldn’t take any belongings. We just took our children and ran.” By the time the inferno subsided that evening, fifteen people were dead, 45,000 refugees were displaced, and more than 10,000 shelters had vanished into ash and memory. What stands out in the humanitarian record is not just this catastrophe but the sheer recurrence: between May 2018 and December 2025, 2,425 documented fires have struck the world’s largest refugee settlement in Southeast Bangladesh, affecting over 100,000 individuals and destroying more than 20,000 shelters. This is not the story of accidents. Rather, it chronicles how a refugee crisis has metastasized into something more insidious — an infrastructure of permanent crisis.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 90, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Inside Bangladesh’s Rohingya camps where fire continues to shape the existence of refugees"}, {"start": 142, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 22, 2021"}, {"start": 235, "end": 236, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9"}, {"start": 240, "end": 245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukhia"}, {"start": 247, "end": 258, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 288, "end": 298, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 591, "end": 603, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that evening"}, {"start": 605, "end": 612, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "fifteen"}, {"start": 631, "end": 637, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45,000"}, {"start": 677, "end": 683, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}, {"start": 833, "end": 841, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2018"}, {"start": 846, "end": 859, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 861, "end": 866, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,425"}, {"start": 948, "end": 958, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 975, "end": 982, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100,000"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1026, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20601, "source_text": "The mathematics of vulnerability Consider the spatial layout of Camp 5 in Ukhia, where on January 7, 2024, flames consumed 900 shelters in several hours , displacing around 5,000 refugees, including 3,500 children. The fire challenged responders not merely through its intensity but through the very design of the settlement itself: strong winds funnelled flames through narrow corridors, water hydrants depleted within minutes, access roads too cramped for fire trucks, and households resisting the demolition of their shelters to create firebreaks even as flames approached. “We were all asleep when fire broke out,” Rasheda, a 42-year-old mother of five, told Save the Children after losing her home in that same January blaze . “I quickly woke my husband, elderly mother-in-law, and children — we left the shelter, and that saved our lives. We could not save any belongings. Have nothing left to wear this winter.” Within Cox Bazar, fire is not a risk to be managed. Instead, it becomes an inevitability engineered into the settlement’s DNA. Every shelter is made of of bamboo, tarpaulin, and plastic rope, with no fire resistant materials.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 69, "end": 70, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5"}, {"start": 90, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 7, 2024"}, {"start": 123, "end": 126, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "900"}, {"start": 139, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several hours"}, {"start": 173, "end": 178, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 199, "end": 204, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,500"}, {"start": 630, "end": 641, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "42-year-old"}, {"start": 905, "end": 916, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this winter"}]}
{"unique_index": 20602, "source_text": "The population density exceeds 95,000 people per square kilometer in some blocks of the camp, and most families cook with open flames inches from their neighbors in structures that become tinder-dry each winter. Lance Bonneau, IOM’s chief of mission, articulated this with careful bureaucratic precision : “When fires strike overcrowded camp settings, the impact extends far beyond damaged infrastructure. Families lose shelter, essential belongings, and access to basic services.” What remains unspoken is that such impacts are not unfortunate externalities but predictable outcomes of political decisions — to warehouse nearly one million people on inadequate land with far too few resources. Fire as a weapon: The arson economy However, not all fires emerge from structural inevitability. Increasingly, flames have become tactical instruments in a shadow war for territorial control. In March 2023, a Bangladesh Ministry of Defence investigation concluded that the fire that destroyed 2,800 shelters and displaced 12,000 people was “ planned sabotage .” Htway Lwin, a Rohingya community leader, described how gunfire between rival factions preceded the blaze: “There was a gunfight between two gangs. As soon as the huts were set on fire, members of one gang did not allow the refugees to put out the fire.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 37, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95,000"}, {"start": 227, "end": 230, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IOM"}, {"start": 629, "end": 640, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one million"}, {"start": 680, "end": 683, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 890, "end": 900, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2023"}, {"start": 904, "end": 934, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Ministry of Defence"}, {"start": 988, "end": 993, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,800"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1023, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12,000"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1096, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leader"}, {"start": 1193, "end": 1196, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1253, "end": 1256, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20603, "source_text": "Cox’s Bazar Police Chief Mahfuzul Islam confirmed that “several Rohingya sources reported how insurgent group ARSA men set fire,” referring to the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army , one of at least ten armed groups operating within the camp. Killings of refugees by militant organizations rose from 22 in 2021 to 90 in 2023 . Meanwhile, abductions increased nearly fourfold, with over 700 kidnappings in the first nine months of 2023 alone, compared to approximately 200 in 2022 and 100 in 2021. “Someone from ARSA threatened [ Camp 11 ] residents just ten days ago,” explained Nurul, a Block C resident, to The New Humanitarian . “We complained to the police, who told us to be watchful and conduct night patrols.” Ten days later, fire consumed his neighborhood. Groups like ARSA and the Rohingya Solidarity Organization (RSO) wage turf wars through flame , transforming the camps into what one humanitarian official called “a city of a million people — there are nice neighborhoods and bad neighborhoods.” These are not organic urban divisions but militarized zones where forced recruitment, extortion, and disappearances have become routine.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 39, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar Police Chief Mahfuzul Islam"}, {"start": 56, "end": 63, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 110, "end": 114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ARSA"}, {"start": 147, "end": 177, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army"}, {"start": 196, "end": 199, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 297, "end": 299, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22"}, {"start": 303, "end": 307, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 311, "end": 313, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 317, "end": 321, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 383, "end": 386, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "700"}, {"start": 412, "end": 423, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "nine months"}, {"start": 427, "end": 431, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 465, "end": 468, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 472, "end": 476, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 481, "end": 484, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 488, "end": 492, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 531, "end": 533, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 551, "end": 563, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten days ago"}, {"start": 714, "end": 728, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Ten days later"}, {"start": 787, "end": 819, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rohingya Solidarity Organization"}, {"start": 821, "end": 824, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RSO"}, {"start": 890, "end": 893, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 936, "end": 943, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20604, "source_text": "The political economy of ashes Understanding fire in Cox’s Bazar requires mapping its economic architecture. When flames swept through Camp 11 on March 5, 2023, the immediate humanitarian response cost included emergency shelter materials, non-food item kits, water trucking, medical services, and food distributions for 16,000 affected refugees. Each fire triggers a cascade of hidden costs: families lose identification documents and are forced to undergo months-long bureaucratic battles for replacement . Children miss education when learning centers burn — in January 2024, at least 1,500 students lost access to schooling overnight. Medical records vanish, complicating disease management. Social networks fragment as families relocate to different blocks. This fire safety theater reveals the system’s central paradox. Humanitarian actors optimize for emergency responses — training volunteers, positioning extinguishers, and conducting awareness campaigns — that rarely arrive in time while the root of the fires remains unaddressed. Plans for 50,000 semi-permanent fire-resistant shelters, announced with fanfare, now languish unfunded after the international aid cuts in early 2025. Barbed wire and blocked exits Nowhere does the fire-security paradox manifest more lethally than in the barbed wire fencing that encircles the camps.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 53, "end": 64, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 140, "end": 142, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 146, "end": 159, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 5, 2023"}, {"start": 321, "end": 327, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16,000"}, {"start": 565, "end": 577, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2024"}, {"start": 588, "end": 593, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,500"}, {"start": 839, "end": 845, "label": "JOB", "value": "actors"}, {"start": 1052, "end": 1058, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50,000"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1187, "end": 1191, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20605, "source_text": "Installed ostensibly for security, these barriers became death traps during the March 2021 inferno. At least fifteen people perished , with hundreds injured attempting to climb or cut through the wire as flames approached. The fencing remains. It prevents unauthorized movement to maintain camp security. However, what this security apparatus actually secures is a population rendered maximally vulnerable — contained enough to prevent flight, but not protected enough to ensure survival when disaster strikes. The sustainable solution mirage How many times must these refugees witness fire consuming their lives? The question haunts every humanitarian briefing, every donor appeal, every investigative report. Omar Khan, a 35-year-old teacher in Camp 5, placed responsibility squarely on camp authorities after the January 2024 blaze : “Camp authorities are responsible for the scale of devastation.” Others accused officials of failing to ensure adequate access to basic assistance and emergency services, despite the camps experiencing over 300 fires in six years . Following the March 2021 catastrophe, António Vitorino, IOM’s Director General, declared , “This disaster is a terrible setback that exacerbates the humanitarian needs. We will need to start from zero to rebuild.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 80, "end": 90, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2021"}, {"start": 109, "end": 116, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "fifteen"}, {"start": 140, "end": 148, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 547, "end": 551, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 711, "end": 720, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Omar Khan"}, {"start": 724, "end": 735, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "35-year-old"}, {"start": 736, "end": 743, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 752, "end": 753, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5"}, {"start": 816, "end": 828, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2024"}, {"start": 1044, "end": 1047, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}, {"start": 1057, "end": 1066, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six years"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1093, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2021"}, {"start": 1107, "end": 1123, "label": "PERSON", "value": "António Vitorino"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1128, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IOM"}, {"start": 1131, "end": 1139, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 1265, "end": 1269, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}]}
{"unique_index": 20606, "source_text": "Starting from zero, however, is precisely what humanitarian architecture in Cox’s Bazar has perfected — not as a failure but as an operating system. Kaiser Rejve, CARE Bangladesh’s Head of Programs, described the organization’s response after a January 2026 fire displaced 2,185 people : “Beyond immediate response, we are committed to strengthening prevention efforts. We will incorporate dedicated fire safety sessions into shelter upgrade and maintenance modules to raise awareness and promote safer practices.” This fire safety theatre reveals the system’s central paradox. Humanitarian actors optimize for theoretical emergency responses — training volunteers, positioning fire extinguishers, and conducting awareness campaigns — while the fundamental conditions that guarantee fires remain untouched. Sustainable solutions exist in theory: relocate families to less-dense configurations, construct fire-resistant shelters using concrete and metal, create adequate firebreaks, remove barbed-wire fencing, and establish professional fire services within camps. Each of these interventions, however, collides with the fundamental political reality. The Bangladesh government does not intend for these settlements to be permanent, despite housing people for eight years and counting, so any significant, long-term investment faces steep political obstacles.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 18, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 76, "end": 87, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 163, "end": 167, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CARE"}, {"start": 168, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 245, "end": 257, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 273, "end": 278, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,185"}, {"start": 591, "end": 597, "label": "JOB", "value": "actors"}, {"start": 1156, "end": 1166, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1260, "end": 1271, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "eight years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20614, "source_text": "‘Are refugees being traded?’ UN questions the UK-France asylum swap\n\nA controversial “one in, one out” agreement between the United Kingdom and France linking forced returns of people arriving in small boats to matched legal admissions has drawn sharp criticism from United Nations human rights experts. In a letter published in early February 2026, the experts highlighted documented cases where people who had fled war, torture and trafficking (including from Sudan and Gaza) were placed in detention and subjected to force before being sent back to France under the arrangement. Human rights advocates say the pilot, intended to reduce irregular migration across the English Channel, is treating asylum seekers as “parcels, not people” and risks turning an individual human right into a commodity traded between states for political convenience. A deal built on exchange, not protection Under the UK-France “one in, one out” scheme, people who arrive in the UK by small boat and are selected for return can be sent back to France.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 67, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "‘Are refugees being traded?’ UN questions the UK-France asylum swap"}, {"start": 86, "end": 89, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 94, "end": 97, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 125, "end": 139, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 144, "end": 150, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 267, "end": 281, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 335, "end": 348, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 462, "end": 467, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 552, "end": 558, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 588, "end": 604, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights advocates"}, {"start": 670, "end": 685, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "English Channel"}, {"start": 900, "end": 902, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 903, "end": 909, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 911, "end": 914, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 919, "end": 922, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 961, "end": 963, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1032, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}]}
{"unique_index": 20615, "source_text": "In exchange, the UK agrees to admit a matched number of people from France through designated safe routes. International refugee law recognizes the right to seek asylum as an individual entitlement based on personal risk and persecution, not as a negotiable quota or an accounting exercise. Critics argue that by tying a legal admission to every deportation, the arrangement commodifies people seeking protection. The written concerns from the nine UN human rights experts — including special rapporteurs — describe cases where people awaiting removal were detained prior to deportation and raise questions about arbitrary selection criteria and eligibility. The letter warned that the process “may in itself amount to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment.” Reports of force during removals Rights organisations have also documented distressing treatment during detention and removals. A joint statement by refugee support groups notes that people with histories of torture, trafficking or severe violence have been held in prison-like centres and subjected to restraints, segregation and force while being prepared for removal. For survivors of trauma, such practices risk retraumatisation and aggravate mental health conditions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 68, "end": 74, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 444, "end": 448, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "nine"}, {"start": 449, "end": 451, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}]}
{"unique_index": 20616, "source_text": "One advocacy group report described cases involving survivors of torture and extreme violence being pushed into removal procedures without proper safeguards. These include people from conflict zones such as Sudan and the Gaza Strip, where war and genocide have displaced millions. Civil society voices Civil society organisations spanning the UK and France have urged airlines and companies involved in deportation flights to reconsider their role in the scheme. In coordinated letters, 28 NGOs urged carriers to stop cooperating with removals, calling the deportations “cruel and forced” and highlighting the involvement of survivors of trafficking and modern slavery. A spokesperson for one rights coalition said the policy “is a dehumanising way to treat people who came here to seek safety from war and persecution,” arguing that the system effectively trades people to meet political targets rather than protect rights. Legal and ethics questions Governments implementing the agreement say it complies with domestic and international law and can help reduce dangerous sea crossings.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 207, "end": 212, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 221, "end": 231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gaza Strip"}, {"start": 271, "end": 279, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 343, "end": 345, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 350, "end": 356, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 487, "end": 489, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28"}, {"start": 672, "end": 684, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokesperson"}, {"start": 689, "end": 692, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20617, "source_text": "However, rights groups question whether key protections have been upheld, and whether adequate assessment of protection needs has taken place before removals. UN experts asked both governments detailed questions about unpublished aspects of the pilot, including how decisions are made on who is returned and what safeguards exist to prevent onward refoulement — the return of people to a place where they could face danger. What this means for universal rights When asylum policies are structured around bilateral exchange rather than individual protection needs, critics say the very concept of universal human rights is weakened. The UN experts’ warnings and civil society responses point to a broader debate about whether such pilot schemes uphold the spirit of the 1951 Refugee Convention and related human rights obligations. As the UK-France arrangement continues, questions persist about how far states can go in balancing migration control with obligations to safeguard the dignity and rights of those seeking refuge. If protection becomes contingent on political exchange, the right to asylum may be reshaped into a ledger entry rather than an inviolable individual entitlement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 159, "end": 161, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 176, "end": 180, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 636, "end": 638, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 769, "end": 773, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1951"}, {"start": 774, "end": 792, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Refugee Convention"}, {"start": 838, "end": 840, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 841, "end": 847, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}]}
{"unique_index": 20624, "source_text": "Beyond words: Incarcerated women’s responses to punitive systems in Peru\n\nIn recent years, there has been growing support for tough-on-crime rhetoric. In Peru, for example, in 2025, there was a shift in the representation of prisons driven by the government. The visibility of social reintegration projects decreased, and the focus shifted towards intensifying restrictions and constantly exposing control mechanisms towards prisoners and those who maintain links with them through visits. While dominant media coverage focuses on prison management policies that dehumanise prisoners, alternative initiatives have existed for years, opening up spaces for expression for incarcerated people. These initiatives come from different fronts: from staff on the ground, who, knowing the day-to-day reality, guide their work proposals by internal dynamics rather than top-down institutional guidelines; from the experiences of prisoners themselves, who seek to create positive or at least more bearable spaces during their period of incarceration, and from external organizations committed to the rights of prisoners, among others. In a women’s prison in Lima, Peru, in 2024–2025, the dynamics developed through a collage-based artistic creation workshop revealed how a group of incarcerated women counter the dynamics and effects of imprisonment through individual reflection, creative practice, and the sustaining of collective bonds.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Beyond words: Incarcerated women’s responses to punitive systems in Peru"}, {"start": 154, "end": 158, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Peru"}, {"start": 176, "end": 180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1147, "end": 1151, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lima"}, {"start": 1153, "end": 1157, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Peru"}, {"start": 1162, "end": 1166, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1167, "end": 1171, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20625, "source_text": "Experiences of suffering during imprisonment are often silenced for various reasons: lack of people willing to listen, concern about overburdening those close to them who are willing to accompany them, fear of institutional punishment, among others. Faced with this, prisoners seek other forms of expression and resistance to punishment on top of punishment. In the case of the workshop, the women adopted collage as a technique that allows them to express themselves beyond words and thus, appeal to the audience’s disposition to receive their messages through feeling. So many eyes watching us. What are they looking at? P and C attend the workshop every Friday, punctual and well-groomed. At the beginning of the workshop, they came from the same prison block, but after a few weeks, the prison carried out an evaluation and, while P progressed to a lower security block, C remained in the maximum security block, where, week after week, control measures were intensified. The two-hour art workshop became one of the few spaces where they could meet once a week. In one session, as they create their collage of gazes together, they comment on the pressure of gazes as an exercise in control.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 574, "end": 578, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 657, "end": 663, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday"}, {"start": 776, "end": 785, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few weeks"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1023, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 1069, "end": 1072, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20626, "source_text": "But the gazes chasing them did not control their dangerousness within the establishment, nor their process of resocialization for a return to society without the risk of returning to prison. The institutional slogans that validate the existence of prisons and constant surveillance do not appear in her collage. The focus of control was female sexuality, especially homoerotic sexuality. P and C met in prison and have been a couple for several years. They are a couple who coordinate their outfits on special occasions, give each other handmade gifts, and dream of starting a family when they regain their freedom. They are a couple who feel that the stares from prison staff and other women can be so intense that they make them feel sick. “They stare at you. You stay calm, and they stare at you here. You’re not allowed to be happy.” My universe is more than this T is a young woman who started the art workshop a few weeks after being confined. Initially, her collages were filled with wild animals on the prowl.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 426, "end": 432, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 437, "end": 450, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several years"}, {"start": 463, "end": 469, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 627, "end": 633, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 918, "end": 933, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few weeks after"}]}
{"unique_index": 20627, "source_text": "As T chose the figures to represent her story in a collage, L guided her in how to survive imprisonment: don't fall in love with someone who doesn't love you back; if you need clothes appropriate to your gender identity, you must submit a formal request so that they are not confiscated from your family at the entrance; don't think too much; don't trust easily. L had daughters the same age as T. She had been imprisoned several times and knew how important it was to have information and ears willing to listen in order to cope emotionally with the first few months of confinement. She also knew that, in order to survive, it was essential to take a leap: to move from those first moments when the pain of imprisonment clouds one's vision and prevents one from seeing beyond, to a second stage, where prison is recognised as part of a broader story, the label of “criminal” as one layer in a much more complex identity, and where ties to the outside world do not end with imprisonment. While searching for and finding images for their collages, T and L shared memories of their lives before prison, their current feelings, and their fears about the future.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 422, "end": 429, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 557, "end": 567, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few months"}, {"start": 754, "end": 757, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 879, "end": 882, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20628, "source_text": "They found words for what, in the everyday life of the wing, a monotonous, repetitive space, found no way to be expressed. Overflow as a tool for expression Hypercontrol of the body, movement, and interpersonal relationships between those inside and outside the prison is a well-known punishment strategy. Nations that have been proudly displaying their fight against crime in recent years have been exploiting this to showcase their work. As part of the collage workshop introduction, various collages were shown as examples of artistic production. Z picked up an image of a woman’s head from which many elements emerged: ‘This is how we all feel here, unable to stop thinking about a thousand things at once.’ Meanwhile, K chose a collage that included a rock and said, “Prison has made me a tough person. I find it hard to express myself. Art will help us express what cannot be put into words.” There is a central aspect of female incarceration in overcrowded and chaotic prisons, such as most Peruvian prisons: despite how overwhelming the experience may be, despite the intensity of control and punishment, incarcerated women often preserve mental space for many other concerns.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 600, "end": 604, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 686, "end": 694, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousand"}, {"start": 1164, "end": 1168, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20629, "source_text": "Between memories of pasts marked by stories of suffering and uncertain futures, there are presents laden with responsibilities of care, of children, of mothers, of relationships with partners outside, which deteriorate with distance and are difficult to maintain. In the workshop, collages often show the multiplicity of dimensions of life and the lives of significant people who occupy every corner of incarcerated women’s minds. Represented in overloaded collages that do not accept the limits of the chosen surface, they extend beyond the margins of the paper like someone searching for breathing space in the midst of an overcrowded prison, suffocating and constantly bombarded with visual and auditory stimuli. Thus, the aesthetics of excess developed by the women in the workshop, with overlaps and jumps between themes, spaces and times, serves as a means of representing the overwhelming nature of confinement, as well as the ways in which incarcerated women’s thinking connects what prison isolation seeks to pigeonhole and keep apart: the woman of today from her past, the imprisoned woman from her significant others, the woman with initiative from her projects and ambitions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1058, "end": 1063, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20630, "source_text": "Joining the voices of incarcerated women The experiences of K, Z, P and C, T, and L, along with 20 other women, invite us to recognize that the increase in forms and intensities of punishment is not necessarily aimed at reducing crime. On the contrary, it focuses on weakening spaces of potential well-being, such as the experience and expression of sexualities, the integration of different layers of identity, and resistance to sources of suffering. As long as there are interlocutors willing to connect, women deprived of their liberty will continue to find ways to express how the control over their bodies, minds and identities exercised in prisons oppresses them through social mandates rather than through planning focused on building a life in society. The authors thank their team — Luisa Pariachi, Camila Rodrigo, and Giovana Fernádez — as well as the women who participated in the workshop, for their valuable commitment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 96, "end": 98, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 765, "end": 772, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}]}
{"unique_index": 20659, "source_text": "The normalization of Uyghur repression in the name of ’social governance’ in China\n\nIn recent years, Chinese official discourse has increasingly used the term “social governance” (社會管治) to describe policies in the Uyghur region (Xinjiang) of China. This seemingly neutral administrative language is quietly reshaping people’s perception of repression, genocide, forced assimilation, and social control. The Uyghurs are a native people of the Uyghur region (in northwestern China), known in modern history as East Turkestan. They have a distinct language, ethnicity, and culture that differ from those of the Han people, who make up approximately 92 percent of the population of the People’s Republic of China. In the eighteenth century, the region became a colony of the Manchu Qing Empire. It was later ruled by the Republic of China and is now governed by the People’s Republic of China. In the twentieth century, Uyghurs fought wars against the rule of the Republic of China and established the independent East Turkestan Republics in 1933 and again in 1944. For decades, the Uyghurs have faced persecution from the People’s Republic of China.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The normalization of Uyghur repression in the name of ’social governance’ in China"}, {"start": 242, "end": 247, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 473, "end": 478, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 646, "end": 648, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "92"}, {"start": 703, "end": 708, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 829, "end": 834, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 842, "end": 845, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 883, "end": 888, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 972, "end": 977, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1042, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1933"}, {"start": 1056, "end": 1060, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1944"}, {"start": 1140, "end": 1145, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 20660, "source_text": "Since 2016, the plight of the Uyghurs has drawn widespread international attention due to reports of mass detention , forced disappearances , extensive surveillance systems, and restrictions on religious and cultural life . Leaked government documents, testimonies from camp survivors, and multiple international investigations have made the region a central issue in global human rights discussions. Chinese authorities have consistently described these policies as necessary measures to combat terrorism and maintain stability. However, United Nations human rights experts and international human rights organizations have repeatedly expressed serious concern about the scale of repression and its impact on Uyghur society. In recent years, the official narrative surrounding the region has begun to shift. Detention facilities have become less visible in state media coverage, tourism campaigns highlighting the region’s landscapes and cultural heritage have re-emerged, and official reports increasingly portray the region as peaceful, prosperous, and harmonious. Within this evolving narrative, one concept has become particularly prominent: “social governance.” On March 1st, the state-run newspaper Xinjiang Daily published an article titled “ Uniting Hearts and Minds, Advancing Through Governance ” (凝心聚力向治而行).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 539, "end": 553, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1103, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1171, "end": 1180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 1st"}, {"start": 1206, "end": 1220, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Xinjiang Daily"}, {"start": 1251, "end": 1305, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Uniting Hearts and Minds, Advancing Through Governance"}]}
{"unique_index": 20661, "source_text": "The report described discussions among grassroots officials reviewing governance practices and planning future administrative priorities. It portrayed the Uyghur region as a model of effective governance, social stability, and public satisfaction. Phrases such as “Party leadership,” “closed-loop petition systems,” “volunteer service networks,” and “grassroots governance” appear repeatedly throughout the article, constructing an image of orderly and efficient administration. Yet within this seemingly neutral language of governance, the uppermost political concerns regarding the cultural, religious, and social autonomy of Uyghur disappears. “Social governance” replaces ethnic and political concerns When decoding Chinese official documents, a major key is to look for what officials avoid saying. This particular piece makes little reference to ethnic rights, religious freedom, language use, or cultural continuity. Nor does it acknowledge the concerns repeatedly raised by international observers. The conflicts in the Uyghur region are not merely a matter of governance but also stem from history, demographic change, and political power structures.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20662, "source_text": "According to data from China’s National Bureau of Statistics, the population of the Uyghur region in 1953 was approximately 4.87 million, of whom about 3.64 million — roughly 75 percent — were Uyghurs, while Han Chinese accounted for only about 6 percent. By 2010, however, Han Chinese made up roughly 40 percent of the population, while the Uyghur share had declined to around 46 percent. Many researchers link this demographic transformation to decades of large-scale migration policies that encouraged settlement from China’s interior. Although China formally operates a system of “regional ethnic autonomy ( 民族區域自治制 ),” the political structure tells a different story. The most powerful position in the region — the Communist Party secretary — is appointed by the central government, while the regional chairman, who is typically Uyghur, holds far less real authority. Under such a structure, autonomy often exists more as a symbolic arrangement than as meaningful self-governance. As a result, Uyghurs have increasingly been marginalized in their own homeland, not only politically but also in areas such as education, employment, and language use.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 28, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 31, "end": 60, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Bureau of Statistics"}, {"start": 101, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1953"}, {"start": 124, "end": 136, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.87 million"}, {"start": 152, "end": 164, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.64 million"}, {"start": 175, "end": 177, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 245, "end": 246, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6"}, {"start": 259, "end": 263, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 302, "end": 304, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 378, "end": 380, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "46"}, {"start": 390, "end": 394, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 395, "end": 406, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 521, "end": 526, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 548, "end": 553, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 720, "end": 735, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Communist Party"}, {"start": 736, "end": 745, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 807, "end": 815, "label": "JOB", "value": "chairman"}]}
{"unique_index": 20663, "source_text": "Party leadership and the shrinking of independent social space The article published in the state-run outlet further consolidates the asymmetrical power structure and repeatedly emphasises the efficiency of “Party-led social governance.” Under such rhetoric, the ruling party is positioned as the central organizer of social life, leaving little space for independent social organizations. Religious institutions, community-based mutual aid networks, traditional authority structures, and informal social organizations are replaced by a state-directed governance system engineered through a decade-long set of security policies. After 2016, large numbers of Uyghurs were sent to facilities officially described as “vocational education and training centers.” International researchers estimate that at the peak of the campaign, hundreds of thousands to over one million Uyghurs may have been detained. At the same time, authorities constructed an extensive surveillance infrastructure that includes biometric data collection, digital monitoring systems, and neighborhood-level grid management . Large-scale social control programs were also introduced.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 305, "end": 314, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizer"}, {"start": 635, "end": 639, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 773, "end": 784, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 828, "end": 836, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 840, "end": 849, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 858, "end": 869, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20664, "source_text": "One example is the so-called “pairing to become family program” (結對認親), in which government officials were assigned to stay in Uyghur households to monitor daily life and strengthen political oversight. These policies have not only reshaped the region’s administrative structures but also deeply affected everyday life for Uyghur communities. The governing logic of the party-led control system is expressed in the article by another key concept, “stability,” which is used alongside the phrase “long-term peace.” Stability is framed as the highest public good, and governance policies are presented as preventive measures designed to eliminate potential risks, which may cover acts including: speaking the Uyghur language, participating in religious activities, communicating with relatives overseas, studying or travelling abroad. United Nations human rights experts have described aspects of governance in the region as a form of preventive oppression , in which individuals may face restrictions not because of specific actions but because of their identity, beliefs, or social networks. The article’s official narratives also praise the expansion of volunteer service networks as an achievement of social cohesion and civic participation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 156, "end": 161, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 833, "end": 847, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}]}
{"unique_index": 20665, "source_text": "Yet, in reality, the party-organized networks, which have increasingly become the only acceptable form of collective activity, have replaced traditional forms of social support within Uyghur communities, including religious charity and community-based mutual aid networks . Through this process, everyday social life becomes increasingly integrated into governance structures. The soft language of assimilation The official article concludes by emphasizing the importance of cultivating a “a shared sense of Chinese national identity” (中華民族共冋體意識). This implies that while cultural differences may exist, the Chinese national identity should be prioritized above all other identities. Such a principle is translated into a set of assimilationist political practices, which often mean that ethnic cultures may be displayed, but not independently organized; ethnic l anguages may exist, but not dominate public life; r eligion may be practiced, but only within strict political boundaries. Some policies have been geared to Ugyhur’s family structures, including campaigns encouraging interethnic marriage and the centralized management of children whose parents have been detained. Critics argue that such policies represent a profound attempt to reshape Uyghur cultural and social life.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20666, "source_text": "The tone of the article “Uniting Hearts and Minds, Advancing Through Governance” is moderate, rational, and optimistic, and thus, powerful. It has renamed control into governance, repression into service, and assimilation into integration. S tructural coercion is presented as responsible public administration. Governance in the post-violence era The governance model emerging in the Uyghur region also reflects a broader transformation in contemporary authoritarian politics. Repression does not always rely on visible coercion, as a dministrative systems, data technologies, social engineering, and policy language can gradually reshape social reality. For many Uyghur families, the defining experience of recent years has not been open conflict but disappearance: a cross the Uyghur diaspora, countless people have lost contact with relatives back home. Many have been detained, sentenced, or simply vanished from public life. The social governance system, presented as rational, benevolent, and successful in Chinese official discourse, is precisely engineered to deprive people of the ability to organize themselves, express their identity, and sustain their cultural life, thereby quietly normalizing repression in society.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 79, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Uniting Hearts and Minds, Advancing Through Governance"}, {"start": 660, "end": 664, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20678, "source_text": "Forbidden movies: Russia bans films that reject so-called ‘traditional values’\n\nOn March 1, 2026, a Russian law prohibiting the distribution and screening of movies that may be viewed as discrediting “traditional Russian spiritual and moral values” came into effect. According to the new rules, the Ministry of Culture will have the authority to refuse distribution licenses to screen movies deemed contrary to these values or which “[promote] their rejection.” The law also applies to online streaming services and social media. According to some Russian media, the law will apply to both foreign and domestic films. Many well-known Hollywood movies are considered to be at risk, including works by directors like David Fincher, Quentin Tarantino, and Martin Scorsese. Authorities will pay particular attention to movies that may be interpreted as promoting “non-traditional relationships” or “rejecting family values”. In Russia, foreign streaming services have not worked since the start of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, domestic streaming services remain popular, and illegal streaming of pirated material is also on the rise ; Putin signed a law in June 2024 that eased punishment for copyright infringement. Streaming services may well have to delete a lot of movies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 78, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Forbidden movies: Russia bans films that reject so-called ‘traditional values’"}, {"start": 83, "end": 96, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 1, 2026"}, {"start": 299, "end": 318, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Culture"}, {"start": 585, "end": 589, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 618, "end": 622, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 700, "end": 709, "label": "JOB", "value": "directors"}, {"start": 924, "end": 930, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1036, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20679, "source_text": "As Radio Svoboda noted , “traditional values,” according to this law, include patriotism, civic-mindedness, service to the fatherland and responsibility for its fate, high moral ideals, a strong family, productive labor, and the priority of the spiritual over the material. It is not yet known which particular movies are being targeted, although the film distribution company World Pictures confirmed that 2025’s “ Nuremberg ,” which had been scheduled to premiere in Russia on March 19, 2026, will not be released in Russian cinemas, since the Ministry of Culture did not provide a distribution licence. Explaining its decision, the ministry referred to paragraph 19, subparagraph Z of the rules governing the issuance of distribution certificates, which mentions “other cases defined by federal laws.” The historical drama by director James Vanderbilt tells the story of the criminal trials of Nazi Germany’s leaders following World War II. Based on the book “ The Nazi and the Psychiatrist ” by Jack El-Hai, the film’s plot follows psychiatrist Douglas Kelley, who must determine whether Hermann Göring and other associates of Hitler are fit to stand trial.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 16, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Radio Svoboda"}, {"start": 377, "end": 391, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Pictures"}, {"start": 407, "end": 411, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 469, "end": 475, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 479, "end": 493, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 19, 2026"}, {"start": 546, "end": 565, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Culture"}, {"start": 829, "end": 837, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 838, "end": 854, "label": "PERSON", "value": "James Vanderbilt"}, {"start": 902, "end": 909, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 964, "end": 993, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Nazi and the Psychiatrist"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1048, "label": "JOB", "value": "psychiatrist"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1063, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Douglas Kelley"}]}
{"unique_index": 20680, "source_text": "The Sundance Film Festival ’s hit “ Splitsville ” was one of the first movies that was reportedly denied release in Russia under the new law, based on its alleged “discrediting of traditional spiritual and moral values.” The movie is a humorous reflection by director Michael Angelo Covino on open relationships after forty, the midlife crisis, and sexual experimentation. According to Film.ru , just a year ago, a film like this would likely have made it onto the list of Russian releases without any problems. Russian audiences also missed the new movie by Iranian director Jafar Panahi , “ It Was Just an Accident ,” which won the Palme d’Or at the most recent Cannes Film Festival. Its official cinema release in Russia had been planned for October 2025. “It Was Just an Accident” did not receive approval for several reasons — Ministry of Culture officials stated that the film “contains materials that violate Russian legislation,” including the promotion of violence, extremism, and non-traditional sexual relationships. The story follows Vahid , a former political prisoner who gets an opportunity to take revenge on his abusers. One day, a family brings their car to the auto repair shop where he works, and Vahid clearly recognizes one of them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 47, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Splitsville"}, {"start": 116, "end": 122, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 259, "end": 267, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 268, "end": 289, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michael Angelo Covino"}, {"start": 318, "end": 323, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "forty"}, {"start": 386, "end": 393, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Film.ru"}, {"start": 567, "end": 575, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 576, "end": 588, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jafar Panahi"}, {"start": 593, "end": 616, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "It Was Just an Accident"}, {"start": 717, "end": 723, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 745, "end": 757, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 760, "end": 783, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "It Was Just an Accident"}, {"start": 814, "end": 821, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 832, "end": 851, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Culture"}, {"start": 1138, "end": 1145, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "One day"}]}
{"unique_index": 20681, "source_text": "After devising a plan for revenge, he begins to doubt whether carrying it out is the right decision. “ Parents Are Here ,” a documentary by film scholar, director, and founder of Seans magazine Lyubov Arkus , was also denied a Ministry of Culture distribution license in 2025. It is the first and only documentary film — publicly known, at least — to have been denied the license. Arkus herself described the situation on social media: “This film of mine did NOT receive a distribution certificate. It was removed from festival programs where it had already been announced and even included in catalogs. That doesn’t upset me very much. The real horror is that I am not allowed to show it.” “Parents Are Here” is a prequel to another documentary, “ Anton’s Right Here ” (2012), which told the story of a young man living with autism spectrum disorder. Arkus is the founder of Russia’s first support center for people with autism. The Russian release of the romantic comedy “ The Threesome ,” starring Zoey Deutch, which had been scheduled to premiere in early September 2025, was also canceled.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 154, "end": 162, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 168, "end": 175, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 194, "end": 206, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lyubov Arkus"}, {"start": 227, "end": 246, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Culture"}, {"start": 271, "end": 275, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 771, "end": 775, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2012"}, {"start": 865, "end": 872, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 876, "end": 882, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1060, "end": 1074, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20682, "source_text": "As was the case with “Splitsville,” the official reason for refusing to grant the license has not been announced. The film revolves around Connor (Jonah Hauer-King), who becomes relegated to the “friend zone” by Olivia (Zoey Deutch). Hoping to make her jealous, Connor decides to start courting their mutual acquaintance Jenny (played by Jenny Brooks). The love triangle unexpectedly results in two unplanned pregnancies. According to Film.Ru , officials were not troubled as much by the idea of open relationships as they were by the chaotic lifestyle of the characters themselves, which can also fall under the definition of “non-traditional spiritual and moral values.” Several other movies were banned even before the law was in place. The Ministry of Culture refused to issue distribution licenses to Armando Iannucci’s comedy “ The Death of Stalin ,” for instance, as well as “Love” by Gaspar Noé, films from Ilya Khrzhanovsky’s “DAU” project — allegedly because they contained “propaganda of pornography” — and Paul Verhoeven’s film “ Benedetta .” “Fairytale” by Alexander Sokurov was banned on the same grounds as “Nuremberg,” with officials citing “other cases defined by federal laws.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 33, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Splitsville"}, {"start": 159, "end": 163, "label": "JOB", "value": "King"}, {"start": 395, "end": 398, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 435, "end": 442, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Film.Ru"}, {"start": 673, "end": 680, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 744, "end": 763, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Culture"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1051, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Benedetta"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1087, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alexander Sokurov"}]}
{"unique_index": 20689, "source_text": "Concerns grow as Jamaica ends Cuban medical programme\n\nPerhaps Jamaicans should have seen this coming when the government, back in 2025, announced it would be reviewing the decades-old programme that brought hundreds of Cuban medical personnel to its shores — an unusual move, especially for a programme that had been running smoothly for 50 years. The current U.S. administration of Donald Trump, however, has been painting the Cuban medical brigade programme as one of “forced labour” — a perception many regional territories initially resisted . As Jamaica’s minister of foreign affairs and foreign trade, Senator Kamina Johnson Smith, emphasised on March 20, 2025, “Given the MOU’s expiration last year, we had already begun a review process before international concerns were raised. While we have identified a few areas for alignment with our own overseas labour programmes, we are confident that the Cuban programme is a legitimate bilateral cooperation programme, not an example of trafficking.” Yet, changes to the arrangement seemed inevitable.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 53, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Concerns grow as Jamaica ends Cuban medical programme"}, {"start": 131, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 208, "end": 216, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 339, "end": 347, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "50 years"}, {"start": 361, "end": 365, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 384, "end": 396, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 502, "end": 506, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 552, "end": 559, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 562, "end": 570, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 609, "end": 616, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senator"}, {"start": 617, "end": 637, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamina Johnson Smith"}, {"start": 653, "end": 667, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 20, 2025"}, {"start": 697, "end": 706, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 816, "end": 819, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}]}
{"unique_index": 20690, "source_text": "Following a media briefing with U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio on March 17 last year, Minister of Health and Wellness Christopher Tufton hinted at what was to come: “There is a conversation that is taking place looking at the existing MOU, looking at the possibilities for change, and so there is an opportunity, given the recent discussions coming out of the U.S. […] for us to clarify issues and maybe adjust elements of the agreement.” At the time, the Cuban Embassy in Jamaica shared an article detailing the benefits of the flagship Jamaica-Cuba Eye Care Programme , noting that Cuban medical personnel “bridged the gap” in Jamaica’s health care programme: Fast-forward to the announcement by Jamaica’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade on March 5, 2026: “The Government of Jamaica has taken the decision to discontinue the current arrangement concerning the deployment of medical professionals in the public health sector by the Government of Cuba […] as both governments were unable to agree on the terms and conditions of a new technical cooperation arrangement, following the expiration of the previous agreement in February 2023.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 67, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marco Rubio"}, {"start": 71, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 17"}, {"start": 80, "end": 89, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 91, "end": 122, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister of Health and Wellness"}, {"start": 123, "end": 141, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Christopher Tufton"}, {"start": 365, "end": 369, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 461, "end": 474, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cuban Embassy"}, {"start": 478, "end": 485, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 543, "end": 574, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Jamaica-Cuba Eye Care Programme"}, {"start": 634, "end": 641, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 703, "end": 710, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 713, "end": 758, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade"}, {"start": 762, "end": 775, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 5, 2026"}, {"start": 782, "end": 803, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Government of Jamaica"}, {"start": 952, "end": 970, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Government of Cuba"}, {"start": 978, "end": 982, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1142, "end": 1155, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2023"}]}
{"unique_index": 20691, "source_text": "The statement added that Jamaica was willing to engage medical professionals in the country “on an individual basis, in keeping with local labour laws,” until the end of their scheduled stay. Minister Kamina Johnson Smith said in parliament that the decision was not influenced by the United States. In a second press release , her ministry pointed out that the Cuban government had not responded to Jamaican officials’ proposals, adding , “You would have heard us defending the programme in various contexts, because when the [Cuban medical professionals] come here, we do our very best to be respectful and ensure that our treatment of them accords with the laws of Jamaica and best international labour law practice. Where the programme came into conflict with those things, unfortunately, we were not able to reach agreement on correcting them and that is why the programme has ended. […] There were issues that were easily solved. We were going to put the Eye Programme and the General Medical Programme together in one document. We were going to look at the issue of the ability to celebrate Cuban National Days here.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 32, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 192, "end": 200, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 201, "end": 221, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamina Johnson Smith"}, {"start": 285, "end": 298, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 668, "end": 675, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 961, "end": 974, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eye Programme"}, {"start": 983, "end": 1008, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "General Medical Programme"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1024, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20692, "source_text": "The Cuban Embassy in Jamaica shared its response to this second press release widely and promptly: “With this action,” its tweet states, “the government of Jamaica yields to the pressures of the government of the United States, which is not concerned about the health needs of the Caribbean brothers. Cuba deeply regrets that in this way a history of fruitful and sustained collaboration is disregarded, one that has brought countless benefits to the Jamaican people, who are now deprived of receiving the basic and specialized health services that Cuban collaborators provided. In response to the step taken by the government of Jamaica, the government of Cuba has made the sovereign decision to proceed with the return of the Cuban Medical Brigade. These health professionals leave behind an indelible mark and return to Cuba with the satisfaction of a duty fulfilled and the permanent willingness to assist wherever their spirit of solidarity is required.” Jamaicans expressed varying degrees of regret, annoyance, and cynicism at their government’s announcement, pointing to what they view as the likely influence of the Trump administration in the decision.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 17, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cuban Embassy"}, {"start": 21, "end": 28, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 156, "end": 163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 213, "end": 226, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 281, "end": 290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 301, "end": 305, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 476, "end": 479, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 630, "end": 637, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 657, "end": 661, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 823, "end": 827, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1130, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}]}
{"unique_index": 20693, "source_text": "Others took a slightly more nuanced view, with one X user posting archival video footage of fiery speeches by former Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley defending the country’s relationship with Cuba: Another Jamaican commentator observed how much the narrative had gradually changed in the past year: A related, successful partnership with Cuba, under which 44 Jamaican students (among a total of 320) are currently studying medicine on scholarship in Cuba, appears to be intact, though in these uncertain times, the warm, long-standing relationship between Cuba and Jamaica may face more disruptions in the future. Jamaican-American actor Sheryl Lee Ralph simply tweeted: In another post, she asked whether the U.S. might supply the medical staff so badly needed in Jamaica. In a similar vein, Jamaican diaspora member Dr. Leo Gilling observed on Substack that “many Jamaicans are asking a practical question: if the United States is encouraging Caribbean countries to reduce their reliance on Cuban healthcare workers, will there be support to help fill the gap those doctors leave behind? Jamaica is already experiencing significant migration of its own healthcare professionals, many of whom leave the island in search of better opportunities abroad. Removing hundreds of medical personnel without a clear replacement strategy could widen an already existing strain on the healthcare system.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 47, "end": 50, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 51, "end": 52, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 117, "end": 140, "label": "JOB", "value": "Jamaican Prime Minister"}, {"start": 141, "end": 155, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michael Manley"}, {"start": 198, "end": 202, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 294, "end": 303, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past year"}, {"start": 344, "end": 348, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 362, "end": 364, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "44"}, {"start": 401, "end": 404, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "320"}, {"start": 410, "end": 419, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 456, "end": 460, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 562, "end": 566, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 571, "end": 578, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 644, "end": 660, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheryl Lee Ralph"}, {"start": 716, "end": 720, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 771, "end": 778, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 828, "end": 839, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leo Gilling"}, {"start": 867, "end": 871, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 922, "end": 935, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 951, "end": 960, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1081, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 1268, "end": 1276, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}]}
{"unique_index": 20694, "source_text": "Another Jamaican shared a common reaction: Suggesting that Jamaica is facing a “Hobson's Choice,” a local podcaster referred to a popular meme showing Jamaican Prime Minister Andrew Holness bending his knee to an approving President Trump. On social media, meanwhile, Jamaicans tried to make sense of the sequence of events and the existing details of the arrangement over the years: For her part, Minister Johnson Smith continued to stress that labour laws and other legal concerns were the reasons for the cessation of the programme, saying “the continued lack of response had the practical effect of preserving an arrangement that Jamaica could not justify. Given our legal obligations, our duty to ensure fairness to workers in Jamaica, and the need for compliance with our own laws and international conventions, the Government ultimately concluded that continuation on the existing terms was untenable.” In a long tweet on the topic, political commentator Clyde Williams posited, “I hear talk about cowardly conduct etc and crawling on our knees. I disagree, who amongst us picks a fight with someone bigger, badder and not restrained by rules or laws? The Jamaican proverb ‘cockroach nuh bizniz in a fowl fight’ is apt.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 66, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 151, "end": 174, "label": "JOB", "value": "Jamaican Prime Minister"}, {"start": 175, "end": 189, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrew Holness"}, {"start": 223, "end": 232, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 233, "end": 238, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 398, "end": 406, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 407, "end": 420, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Johnson Smith"}, {"start": 634, "end": 641, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 732, "end": 739, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}]}
{"unique_index": 20695, "source_text": "Our best resistance is through Regional Institutions like the OAS and overtures through third parties to Moscow, Beijing and the Democratic Party in the US. And even then…” Among many other commentators, Kennie Williamson of Caribbean News Network urged Caribbean countries to reject U.S. pressure: “By rejecting these claims, Caribbean governments affirm that the real exploitation lies in U.S. attempts to weaponize human rights rhetoric for regime-change goals in Havana, rather than genuine concern for workers.” A political science student shared an emotional video from a Cuban in Jamaica, who explained the conditions under which Cuban medical personnel work, how they are paid, and how much they are appreciated by Jamaican patients: So, what of the cherished Jamaica-Cuba relationship? Dr. Gilling concluded , “With a relationship that has spanned generations and touched so many areas of national life, the conclusion of this chapter invites both reflection and careful consideration of what comes next.” The Guyanese government has also ended its long-standing relationship with the Cuban Medical Brigade, stating that it was the Cubans who withdrew their medical workers from the country. Other regional nations have also made moves to either terminate or renegotiate their existing agreements with the Cuban medical programme.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 105, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 129, "end": 145, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Democratic Party"}, {"start": 153, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 179, "end": 183, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 204, "end": 247, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kennie Williamson of Caribbean News Network"}, {"start": 254, "end": 263, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 284, "end": 288, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 327, "end": 336, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 391, "end": 395, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 587, "end": 594, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 768, "end": 775, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 776, "end": 780, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 799, "end": 806, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gilling"}, {"start": 884, "end": 888, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 952, "end": 956, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20718, "source_text": "How I overcame the Taliban’s ban on education for girls in Afghanistan\n\nThis article was written by Asma in 2025. It is published with her consent under the special coverage that tells the stories of young women and girls from Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover in August 2021. The fate of Afghan girls and women under the Taliban rule closely mirrors the dystopia portrayed in Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale.” Just like in the novel, a religious and extremist regime has stripped women of all social, economic, and human rights. In the past three and a half years, the Taliban have done the same to us, depriving us of our most basic rights. Why? What is our crime? Being born a girl? Yes, we were born girls, but we are not criminals. I remember I was in the eleventh grade, slowly preparing for my exams, when we heard the news: Ashraf Ghani, our fugitive president, had fled , and the Taliban had taken the capital.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How I overcame the Taliban’s ban on education for girls in Afghanistan"}, {"start": 108, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 227, "end": 238, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}, {"start": 273, "end": 284, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2021"}, {"start": 558, "end": 580, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three and a half years"}, {"start": 848, "end": 860, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ashraf Ghani"}, {"start": 875, "end": 884, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}]}
{"unique_index": 20719, "source_text": "For a teenage girl like me, full of dreams and hopes for my education and future, that news was a nightmare — one that hasn’t ended, even after all this time. It is a nightmare I live through both day and night, and it has now become a part of my life — and the lives of millions of Afghan girls. At first, the Taliban allowed us to take our exams, and we held onto a small hope that schools and universities would remain open to girls. But that hope quickly turned into despair. The gates to knowledge and opportunity were shut tight and have never opened again. I used to go to the school gate just to catch a glimpse of my classmates, my teachers, my classroom, and even my old school desk. But I wasn’t allowed in. I would stare longingly from afar, then walk home with a lump in my throat. During that time, I constantly asked myself, my family, and my friends: What was our crime? Why is a girl’s basic and natural right so easily denied?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 192, "end": 196, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 223, "end": 226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 271, "end": 279, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 641, "end": 649, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20720, "source_text": "Why must we, as teenagers, mourn the loss of our rights instead of living freely? I often compared myself to girls in other countries — how lucky they were to attend school, go to university, walk freely, visit libraries — while I, and millions of others, are denied these simple, fundamental rights. As time passed, the shadow of despair grew heavier. Every girl I met asked the same heartbreaking questions, and none of us had answers. Because ignorance, by its nature, offers no logic. It was hard, as a teenager, to climb out of that dark place. But with the support of my family, I found a way. I joined a secret English language center in the eastern city of Herat, but in reality, our brave teachers were quietly teaching English to girls. After a year of hard work, I achieved an excellent level of English. At the suggestion of the center’s director, I even became a teacher and taught English to girls my age and younger. Gaining knowledge is fulfilling, but sharing it is even more rewarding.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 236, "end": 244, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 665, "end": 670, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Herat"}, {"start": 698, "end": 706, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}, {"start": 850, "end": 858, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 876, "end": 883, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}]}
{"unique_index": 20721, "source_text": "Alongside teaching, I also used my time at home to expand my reading. I immersed myself in both Eastern and Western literature — “The Useless Sex” by Oriana Fallaci, “The Handmaid’s Tale” again, “Girl, Wash Your Face” by Rachel Hollis, psychology books to reignite hope, spiritual writings like Rumi’s “Masnavi,” and history books such as “A History of the World” by Ernest Gombrich. I wanted to understand: Were there other nations in history who shared our fate? Or are we just blindly repeating the past? These books opened my eyes and broadened my perspective on life. Although the longing for formal education never left me, I continued to search for alternatives. Eventually, I found an online university in the U.S., the University of the People, where I could study for a bachelor’s degree if I met the requirements. I applied to the Business Administration program and, after a few months, received my acceptance letter. I'm set to begin my studies in April, and I’m beyond excited. Yet, I can’t help but feel a deep sorrow that so many other girls are still denied an education.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 91, "end": 95, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 718, "end": 722, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 842, "end": 865, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Business Administration"}, {"start": 887, "end": 897, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few months"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1045, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20722, "source_text": "I wish they could also have the opportunity to study, if not in person, at least online. I’m lucky; my family has always supported and encouraged me. My father and mother have always told my sisters and me: “Study first, become independent, and then plan the rest of your life.” Without their support, I might have remained like thousands of other girls, silent, forgotten, sitting hopelessly in a corner of the house. But with their help, I reached a high level in English, got accepted to an American university, and, God willing, I will one day complete a master’s and even a doctorate. I dream that one day all families will recognize the importance of supporting and empowering their daughters. Now, when I look back at who I was three and a half years ago, I realize I’m not the same person. I’ve matured beyond my age, gained wisdom, and grown stronger. I’m ready to build a bright future, and I’ll step forward — stronger than ever — toward my goals and my dreams.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 329, "end": 338, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 540, "end": 547, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one day"}, {"start": 603, "end": 610, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one day"}, {"start": 700, "end": 703, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 735, "end": 761, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three and a half years ago"}]}
{"unique_index": 20770, "source_text": "Ecuador’s Netanyahu and Trump supporters target Ecuadorian–Iranian Cultural Center\n\nOperation Epic Fury, which the United States and Israel executed on the Islamic Republic of Iran in the early hours of February 28, 2026, left hundreds dead, including leading figures in the Islamic regime and women and children. Although this military assault occurred some 13,270 km from Ecuador, in Quito, the country’s capital, supporters of Israel’s and the United States’ leaders raided the Ecuadorian–Iranian Cultural Center, in the north of the city. They used sticks and pepper spray whilst shouting insults and threats. According to viral social media images, a group of people arrived outside the center in a caravan of cars at around 7:30 pm local time (GMT-5). The group, some of whom had sticks, were shouting at and threatening those inside, damaging property, causing panic and leaving two injured. This video reports how women and children were assaulted while praying in the Ecuadorian–Iranian Cultural Center in Quito. This is a direct consequence of the biased and dehumanizing narratives that turn foreign policy into fuel for hatred.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ecuador’s Netanyahu and Trump supporters target Ecuadorian–Iranian Cultural Center"}, {"start": 115, "end": 128, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 133, "end": 139, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 156, "end": 172, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 203, "end": 220, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 28, 2026"}, {"start": 227, "end": 235, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 359, "end": 365, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13,270"}, {"start": 374, "end": 381, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 386, "end": 391, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quito"}, {"start": 430, "end": 436, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 447, "end": 460, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 481, "end": 515, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ecuadorian–Iranian Cultural Center"}, {"start": 730, "end": 737, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7:30 pm"}, {"start": 886, "end": 889, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 977, "end": 1011, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ecuadorian–Iranian Cultural Center"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1020, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quito"}]}
{"unique_index": 20771, "source_text": "When the Foreign Office takes a stance siding with Israel, the United States, and their international terrorism, it also legitimizes violence at home. https://t.co/7aQ3er7Y1x pic.twitter.com/gKsGRir8fr — Elena Rodríguez Yánez (@ElenaDeQuito) March 1, 2026 Women, children, and older adults who were praying during Ramadan, were among the 35 people inside the property. At a press conference on March 3, 2026 , Jhadiya Nuñez, a member of the center's board, trembled as she described what she had experienced that weekend. She explained how she will never forget the fear she felt as the violence intensified that week. She also appreciated the solidarity shown on social media by Ecuador’s social organizations , citizens, and mass media. Following their violent raid, the aggressors threw the flag of the State of Israel into the cultural center as a symbolic message: a chessboard of war that transcends distance and borders. Far from being an isolated incident, the attack in Quito was an act of hatred facilitated by proximity . Unable to reach Iranian territory, violence broke out on the other side of the world.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foreign Office"}, {"start": 51, "end": 57, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 63, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 242, "end": 255, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 1, 2026"}, {"start": 338, "end": 340, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35"}, {"start": 394, "end": 407, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3, 2026"}, {"start": 608, "end": 617, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that week"}, {"start": 680, "end": 687, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 806, "end": 821, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "State of Israel"}, {"start": 979, "end": 984, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quito"}]}
{"unique_index": 20772, "source_text": "This incident is a reminder that in the 21st century, wars no longer have defined frontlines. Battlefields can be anywhere those in power decide that a neighbor, due to their faith, ethnicity, or background, is an enemy. Ecuador’s relationship with Israel Ecuador’s foreign policy doesn’t stop at abstract statements. In February 2026, the Foreign Office announced its agenda to strengthen relations with Israel. An official visit from Israel’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Gideon Sa'ar soon followed; his bilateral meeting with President Daniel Noboa resulted in the signing of a framework agreement to initiate negotiations on a future trade agreement and a security cooperation agreement between the Ministry of the Interior in both countries. This same alliance approach is reflected in President Noboa’s relationship with the U.S. government. He attended the Shield of the Americas Summit in Miami on March 7, 2026, which President Trump convened . The Ecuadorian Foreign Office framed this summit as a meeting of allied nations with shared principles that identify common threats to the Americas .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 52, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 21st century"}, {"start": 221, "end": 228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 249, "end": 255, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 256, "end": 263, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 321, "end": 334, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 340, "end": 354, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foreign Office"}, {"start": 405, "end": 411, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 436, "end": 442, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 445, "end": 453, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 538, "end": 550, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Noboa"}, {"start": 730, "end": 734, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 790, "end": 799, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 800, "end": 805, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Noboa"}, {"start": 830, "end": 834, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 905, "end": 918, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 7, 2026"}, {"start": 926, "end": 935, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 957, "end": 982, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ecuadorian Foreign Office"}]}
{"unique_index": 20773, "source_text": "At the same time, amidst escalating tensions after the United States’ and Israel’s attacks on Iran, Ecuador’s Foreign Office released a statement expressing concern for the deteriorating security situation in the “Middle East.” It also condemned Iran’s offensive response against the region’s countries, recommending that Ecuadorians avoid travelling to this area and reaffirming its commitment to combating terrorism. When an external conflict violently enters a Cultural Center in Quito, the problem is no longer West Asia, but the rule of law. If foreign policy determines alliances, this approach, either by action or inaction, must not result in the social tolerance of faith, background, or identity-based harassment, which undermines democratic coexistence and turns civilians into military targets.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 74, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 94, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 100, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 110, "end": 124, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foreign Office"}, {"start": 214, "end": 225, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Middle East"}, {"start": 246, "end": 250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 464, "end": 479, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cultural Center"}, {"start": 483, "end": 488, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quito"}, {"start": 515, "end": 524, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20833, "source_text": "How initiatives to narrow Africa’s digital gap are affecting women’s representation\n\nIn Africa, several initiatives seek to increase women’s visibility in digital spaces. Africa Wiki Women is one of the projects actively involved in advancing African women’s participation in online knowledge creation and sharing. Women across the continent still face many obstacles in accessing technology and participating in digital knowledge spaces. Previous reports from Global Voices show that online abuse and harassment of women are significant barriers limiting their participation in and contribution to collaboration platforms and information networks. These obstacles lead to a representation bias , where African women’s achievements often remain unseen and undocumented in digital spaces. From these access barriers emerged Africa Wiki Women, a collaborative project between three women: Ruby Damenshie-Brown from Ghana, Bukola James from Nigeria, and Pellagia Njau from Tanzania, who came together to empower women through training, contribution campaigns, and mentorship programs . This organization encourages women to document the countless remarkable achievements African women make, and increase the content about women and their initiatives on collaborative knowledge platforms.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How initiatives to narrow Africa’s digital gap are affecting women’s representation"}, {"start": 88, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 96, "end": 103, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 171, "end": 188, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 353, "end": 357, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 461, "end": 474, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 823, "end": 840, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 874, "end": 879, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 887, "end": 907, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruby Damenshie-Brown"}, {"start": 913, "end": 918, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 920, "end": 932, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukola James"}, {"start": 938, "end": 945, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 951, "end": 964, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pellagia Njau"}, {"start": 970, "end": 978, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tanzania"}]}
{"unique_index": 20834, "source_text": "Africa Wiki Women aims to narrow the gap in women’s representation in the Wikimedia ecosystem and increase African women’s participation in online spaces. By fostering learning, collaboration, and leadership, Africa Wiki Women helps make more women’s voices heard in open knowledge creation. On International Women’s Day 2026 , Global Voices interviewed Ruby Damenshie-Brown, Co-Founder of Africa Wiki Women, to explain the group’s approach and its impact across the continent. Mamisoa Raveloaritiana (MR): What prompted you to found Africa Wiki Women? Ruby Brown (RB) : Lorsque j’ai rejoint la communauté Wikimedia en 2019, j’ai remarqué un écart frappant: la majorité des contributeurs étaient des hommes, et moins de 20 % des biographies sur la version anglophone de Wikipedia étaient consacrées à des femmes. Un grand nombre de ces articles ne comporte même pas d’images. Cela signifie que les histoires et les réalisations des femmes africaines étaient largement absentes sur Wikipedia. Cet écart est devenu encore plus évident lors d’un Edit-a-thon de 24 heures de Wiki Women in Red , où j’ai eu du mal à trouver suffisamment d’informations publiées pour écrire sur des femmes africaines notables.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 209, "end": 226, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 321, "end": 325, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 328, "end": 341, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 354, "end": 374, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruby Damenshie-Brown"}, {"start": 376, "end": 386, "label": "JOB", "value": "Co-Founder"}, {"start": 390, "end": 407, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 478, "end": 500, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mamisoa Raveloaritiana"}, {"start": 534, "end": 551, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 553, "end": 563, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruby Brown"}, {"start": 619, "end": 623, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 720, "end": 722, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 770, "end": 779, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 981, "end": 990, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 1058, "end": 1060, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}]}
{"unique_index": 20835, "source_text": "C’était frustrant, mais aussi révélateur: il ne s’agissait pas seulement d’un problème de représentation, mais d’un problème systémique. La campagne Sheroes of Africa , une initiative qui met en lumière et valorise le rôle des femmes africaines, en avril 2022 a été un moment déterminé dans le développement, la culture, la politique et la transformation sociale du continent durant lequel les hommes dominaient la participation et la reconnaissance. Nous avons même dû réviser les critères du concours afin de pouvoir célébrer la contribution exceptionnelle d’une seule femme. Cette expérience a clairement montré la nécessité de créer un espace dédié où les femmes africaines pourraient être visibles, soutenues et valorisées. Partant d’expériences similaires dans le mouvement Wikimedia et d’un profond désir de créer un espace qui relie les femmes africaines au-delà des simples campagnes ponctuelles, mes cofondatrices et moi avons créé Africa Wiki Women: une communauté par et pour les femmes africaines, centrée sur le mentorat, la collaboration et une représentation équitable dans tous les aspects de l’écosystème Wikimedia, de la contribution éditoriale à la gouvernance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 160, "end": 166, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 255, "end": 259, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 942, "end": 959, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}]}
{"unique_index": 20836, "source_text": "L'objectif est de permettre aux femmes africaines de raconter leurs propres histoires, de développer des compétences de leadership grâce au mentorat et de participer activement, en tant que contributrices et dirigeantes, au mouvement Wikimedia. Il s’agit de transformer un manque de visibilité en un changement durable. Ruby Brown (RB) : When I joined the Wikimedia community in 2019, I noticed a striking gap. Most contributors were men, and less than 20 percent of the biographies on English Wikipedia were about women. A significant number of these articles don’t even include images, meaning African women’s stories and achievements were largely missing from Wikipedia. This gap became even more apparent during a 24-hour Wiki Women in Red edit-a- thon , where I struggled to find enough published information to write about remarkable African women. It was frustrating, but also eye-opening. It wasn’t just a representation problem, but a systemic one. In April 2022, when men dominated participation and recognition, the Sheroes of Africa campaign, an initiative that recognizes and highlights the role of African women, was a defining moment for the continent’s development, culture, politics, and social transformation. We even had to revise the contest criteria to celebrate the exceptional contribution of one woman.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 320, "end": 330, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruby Brown"}, {"start": 379, "end": 383, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 453, "end": 455, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 494, "end": 503, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 663, "end": 672, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 961, "end": 971, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2022"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1044, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1316, "end": 1319, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20837, "source_text": "This experience clearly demonstrated the need to create a dedicated space where African women could be visible, supported, and valued. Drawing on similar experiences in the Wikimedia movement and a strong desire to create a space that brings African women together beyond simple one-off campaigns, my co-founders and I created Africa Wiki Women. This is a community by and for African women, based on mentorship, collaboration, and equal representation in all aspects of the Wikimedia ecosystem, from editorial contributions to governance. The objective is to enable African women to tell their own stories, develop leadership skills through mentorship and active participation as contributors and leaders in the Wikimedia movement. This means turning a lack of visibility into sustainable change. RM: Why is it important that African women are represented on platforms like Wikipedia? RB : La représentation est essentielle, car la connaissance façonne le pouvoir. Wikipedia est souvent le premier point de référence pour des millions de personnes à travers le monde. Lorsque les femmes africaines sont absentes, cela envoie un message implicite: leurs expériences, leurs contributions et leur leadership seraient moins importants.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 301, "end": 312, "label": "JOB", "value": "co-founders"}, {"start": 327, "end": 344, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 875, "end": 884, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 966, "end": 975, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1035, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 20838, "source_text": "La représentation sur Wikipedia permet de corriger les déséquilibres historiques en documentant les réalisations de femmes qui ont souvent été négligées, et inspire les jeunes générations. Elle joue aussi un rôle important dans l’information des décisions et des politiques publiques. Lorsque les contributions des femmes sont visibles et documentées, elles peuvent être utilisées par les chercheurs, les journalistes et les décideurs. En somme, la représentation n’est pas seulement symbolique, elle est structurelle: elle garantit que le récit mondial reflète la réalité et que l’expertise et le leadership des femmes africaines soient reconnus et valorisés. RB : Representation is essential, as knowledge shapes power. Wikipedia is often the first point of reference for millions of people worldwide. When African women are absent, it sends an implicit message that their experiences, contributions, and leadership are less important. Representation on Wikipedia helps address historic imbalances by documenting the achievements of often-overlooked women and inspiring young generations. It also plays an important role in informing decisions and public policies. When women’s contributions are visible and documented, researchers, journalists, and decision makers can use them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 31, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 722, "end": 731, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 774, "end": 782, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 956, "end": 965, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 1222, "end": 1233, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 1235, "end": 1246, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20839, "source_text": "In essence, representation isn’t only symbolic, it’s structural. It ensures the global narrative reflects reality and that African women’s expertise and leadership are recognized and valued. RM: What impact has Africa Wiki Women had so far? RB : Depuis sa création, Africa Wiki Women a commencé à réduire l’écart de visibilité de manière significative. Plus de 500 femmes provenant de plusieurs pays africains ont été formées à la contribution sur Wikipedia et aux plateformes Wikimedia. Elles ont créé et amélioré des centaines d’articles, des profils de femmes leaders, des pages consacrées à des organisations et initiatives dirigées par des femmes. Au-delà des chiffres, l’impact est aussi personnel et transformateur. Nombreuses d'entre elles témoignent que leur implication leur a permis d'avoir une confiance en elles, de se reconnaître comme expertes dans leurs domaines et de défendre les histoires de leurs communautés. L'initiative ne se limite pas à produire du contenu: elle vise aussi le renforcement des capacités et l’autonomisation. Chaque contribution représente à la fois un enrichissement du savoir et un pas vers plus de visibilité et de reconnaissance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 211, "end": 228, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 266, "end": 283, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 361, "end": 364, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 448, "end": 457, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20840, "source_text": "RB : Since its creation, Africa Wiki Women has begun to narrow the visibility gap significantly. More than 500 women from various African countries have received training on contributing to the Wikipedia and Wikimedia platforms. They have created and improved hundreds of articles, profiles of female leaders, and pages on female-led organizations and initiatives. Beyond the figures, the impact is also personal and transformative. Many of them report how their involvement has enabled them to gain confidence in themselves, recognize themselves as experts in their field, and present their communities’ stories. The initiative is not limited to content production. It also aims to strengthen skills and autonomy. Each contribution simultaneously represents knowledge development and a step towards more visibility and recognition. RM: What are the main obstacles preventing African women from contributing to online knowledge platforms? RB : Plusieurs obstacles rendent la participation des femmes africaines à la création de savoir numérique plus difficile. L’un des premiers est l’accès à la technologie: toutes les femmes ne disposent pas d’un accès fiable à Internet ou à des appareils adaptés pour contribuer efficacement en ligne.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 42, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Africa Wiki Women"}, {"start": 107, "end": 110, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 194, "end": 203, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 260, "end": 268, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}]}
{"unique_index": 20841, "source_text": "Il y a également la question de la littérature numérique. Même lorsque l’accès existe, certaines femmes manquent de confiance ou de compétences pour naviguer sur les plateformes comme Wikipedia ou Wikimedia Commons . Les contraintes de temps constituent un autre défi important. Beaucoup de femmes doivent concilier responsabilités familiales et travail, ce qui leur laisse peu de temps pour contribuer à des projets de connaissance ouverte. À cela s’ajoute le manque de représentation et de mentorat. Sans modèles visibles ou accompagnement, il peut être difficile pour les femmes de se percevoir comme contributrices ou expertes. Enfin, des barrières culturelles et systémiques persistent dans certaines communautés où le travail et le savoir des femmes sont moins reconnus ou moins documentés, ce qui complique la recherche de sources fiables nécessaires pour créer des articles. Pour lever ces obstacles, nous combinons formation, mentorat, mise à disposition de ressources et plaidoyer afin de rendre la participation plus accessible et significative. Dans cette optique, nous avons lancé plusieurs programmes communautaires visant à renforcer les compétences et à accroître la participation des femmes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 184, "end": 193, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20855, "source_text": "The art of the non-apology: A conversation with former Bangladesh Home Minister\n\nBangladesh’s political landscape has drastically changed since the student-led July 2024 rebellion . Thousands of then-ruling Awami League leaders and members have fled the nation since Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s removal on August 5, 2024. While Hasina and a number of other high-ranking officials sought political asylum in India, others relocated primarily to the UK and US . The real challenge for the Awami League (AL) came in May 2025, when Muhammad Yunus-led interim government of Bangladesh banned the party altogether under the Anti-Terrorism Act . Nevertheless, AL has been carrying out its political activities from exile since its ousting, primarily through webinars, while maintaining visibility in Indian media through public remarks and interviews. Read more: Bangladesh Press Secretary urges India to halt facilitation of Hasina’s media campaign One of the most prominent figures among them is former Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal , who departed Bangladesh on the same day as Hasina and is currently living in Kolkata, India, at an undisclosed location.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 79, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The art of the non-apology: A conversation with former Bangladesh Home Minister"}, {"start": 81, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 160, "end": 169, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 182, "end": 191, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Thousands"}, {"start": 207, "end": 219, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 267, "end": 281, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 282, "end": 295, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 309, "end": 323, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 5, 2024"}, {"start": 331, "end": 337, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hasina"}, {"start": 410, "end": 415, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 451, "end": 453, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 458, "end": 460, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 490, "end": 502, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 504, "end": 506, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AL"}, {"start": 516, "end": 524, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 531, "end": 545, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muhammad Yunus"}, {"start": 572, "end": 582, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 621, "end": 639, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Anti-Terrorism Act"}, {"start": 859, "end": 869, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 876, "end": 885, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary"}, {"start": 892, "end": 897, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 922, "end": 928, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hasina"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1014, "label": "JOB", "value": "Home Minister"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1037, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1063, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1079, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the same day"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1089, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hasina"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 1117, "end": 1124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kolkata"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1131, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20856, "source_text": "On November 17, 2025, the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh (ICT) sentenced Kamal to death for crimes against humanity linked to the July uprising. The tribunal found him liable alongside former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, citing a systematic “failure to prevent” atrocities and an active role in abetting the violence that defined those weeks. The three-member panel, headed by Justice Golam Mortuza Mozumder, delivered the verdict after finding them guilty on multiple charges and also ordered the state to confiscate all properties owned by Sheikh Hasina and Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal and compensate the families of those injured and killed during the July uprising. After spending nearly nineteen months underground, Kamal has finally decided to speak out. In an in-person interview with Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay at his private residence, Kamal discusses the legitimacy of the recent parliamentary elections, the possibility of a political dialogue with the ruling Bangladesh Nationalist Party ( BNP ), the legal issues that the Awami League leadership is facing, their current stay in India, allegations of state-led violence, and the administration’s role during the July-August protests.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 20, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 17, 2025"}, {"start": 26, "end": 55, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Crimes Tribunal"}, {"start": 59, "end": 69, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 71, "end": 74, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICT"}, {"start": 86, "end": 91, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamal"}, {"start": 205, "end": 219, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 220, "end": 233, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 391, "end": 398, "label": "JOB", "value": "Justice"}, {"start": 399, "end": 421, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Golam Mortuza Mozumder"}, {"start": 556, "end": 569, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 574, "end": 596, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal"}, {"start": 701, "end": 716, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "nineteen months"}, {"start": 730, "end": 735, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamal"}, {"start": 801, "end": 824, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay"}, {"start": 851, "end": 856, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamal"}, {"start": 977, "end": 1005, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1011, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1053, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20857, "source_text": "Here are some excerpts from the interview: Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay (AB): The BNP has recently formed a new government after winning the 13th National Parliamentary Elections. Many local and international observers rated this election to be fair. What do you think about the election results? Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal (AKK): It was a total sham. As per our ground reports, in many places, ballot boxes were being stuffed the night before voting even started. BNP and the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami party had received voting slips in advance to manipulate the outcome. How else do you explain Jamaat-e-Islami, a party that on average gets no more than a dozen seats, leaping to 68? The National Citizens Party (NCP) barely had enough public support to win anything, yet even some of their members got “elected” thanks to this fraud. All of this was to make sure Dr. [Muhammad] Yunus ended up as President, no matter the cost. The Interim government knew very well that if [The Amani League] got to participate in the elections, we would again secure a landslide victory.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 66, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay"}, {"start": 77, "end": 80, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 175, "end": 179, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 292, "end": 314, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal"}, {"start": 373, "end": 377, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 456, "end": 459, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 468, "end": 494, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"}, {"start": 650, "end": 655, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozen"}, {"start": 674, "end": 676, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "68"}, {"start": 682, "end": 705, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizens Party"}, {"start": 707, "end": 710, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 863, "end": 871, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muhammad"}, {"start": 873, "end": 878, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yunus"}, {"start": 891, "end": 900, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 973, "end": 985, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amani League"}]}
{"unique_index": 20858, "source_text": "Take a look at the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence (DGFI)’s pre-election survey report. It clearly says that 51 percent of the Bangladeshis still favor the Awami League. [ Editor’s note: This claim lacks credibility, as no public record exists of such a survey by DGFI.] That’s the only reason they didn’t let us take part. Otherwise, there is not a single instance in which the Awami League has refused to participate in an election. For now, all I can say is that we will keep an eye on every move made by this new administration. Read more: The paradox of Bangladesh’s democratic rebirth: A critical analysis of the 2026 election’s promise and pitfalls AB: What do you expect from the current administration, particularly since they refuse to lift the ban on the Awami League? AKK: It is a deeply regressive stance for any administration claiming to be democratic. This very political party once tried to assassinate Sheikh Hasina in the brutal grenade attack of August 21, 2004 . Twenty-four of our leaders, including Ivy Rahman, were killed in that blast.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 61, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Directorate General of Forces Intelligence"}, {"start": 63, "end": 67, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DGFI"}, {"start": 120, "end": 122, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "51"}, {"start": 167, "end": 179, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 183, "end": 189, "label": "JOB", "value": "Editor"}, {"start": 390, "end": 402, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 450, "end": 453, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 570, "end": 580, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 630, "end": 634, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 777, "end": 789, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 931, "end": 944, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 977, "end": 992, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 21, 2004"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1006, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Twenty-four"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1043, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}]}
{"unique_index": 20859, "source_text": "Those wounds haven’t healed yet. Yet, despite enduring such violence, we never banned the BNP’s political activities. We gave them a political space, which they are now denying us. What did the BNP–Jamaat alliance era bring to Bangladesh except open support for extremism? In 2005, right under their noses, militants carried out a series of bomb blasts across 63 districts. Now, the same political mindset talks about governance while continuing to exclude others? This is absurd. We expect this government to look at its own history, rethink its choices, and reopen the political space for us. At this point, their biggest task is to stabilize the country. Bangladesh’s law and order have totally collapsed under the interim administration. Citizens no longer feel safe, and the economy is shaky. If they truly wish to govern, they should end the persecution and focus on protecting people and their livelihoods. AB: Is your party willing to engage in direct talks with the BNP leadership about reconciliation? AKK: We have always believed that dialogue is the only viable path forward for any democracy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 90, "end": 93, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 165, "end": 168, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 194, "end": 197, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 227, "end": 237, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 276, "end": 280, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2005"}, {"start": 360, "end": 362, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "63"}, {"start": 374, "end": 377, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 658, "end": 668, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 975, "end": 978, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}]}
{"unique_index": 20860, "source_text": "We did not come to power through the barrel of a gun, nor do we seek to hold on to it by any undemocratic means. So, yes, we are definitely willing to engage in talks with them. But such discussions need a genuinely democratic environment. If the BNP leadership insists on keeping us at arm’s length, honestly, there’s not much more we can do. AB: The BNP leadership recently stated that proceedings against the Awami League members will continue legally. Are you and your party leaders ready to go to Bangladesh and face these charges in court? AKK: Our Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has always said that she wishes to return and fight these battles through legal means. She has always led from inside Bangladesh, sticking to the rule of law no matter how tough things get. Look at the trial for the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman . If she had chosen to, she could have easily set up a fast-track, special tribunal, but she insisted on proceeding under the country’s existing legal framework.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 247, "end": 250, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 352, "end": 355, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 412, "end": 424, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 473, "end": 486, "label": "JOB", "value": "party leaders"}, {"start": 502, "end": 512, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 555, "end": 569, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 570, "end": 583, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 702, "end": 712, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 824, "end": 838, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mujibur Rahman"}]}
{"unique_index": 20861, "source_text": "The Awami League doesn’t walk away from the battlefield. It’s hard not to notice what’s happening to our courts right now. The International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) Bangladesh was originally established by Bangabandhu (Sheikh Mujibur Rahman) to bring the war criminals of the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to justice. Under the Yunus administration, this court has been fundamentally misused. Through a series of arbitrary legal amendments, people who died in entirely different circumstances are being brought under its jurisdiction and described as martyrs. The court itself is illegitimate. There was no war, no genocide here. So how can these cases be framed as war crimes? That said, we remain fully prepared to engage in any legal process. But for that to happen, the judicial system needs reform to restore its independence and neutrality. AB: You have been sentenced to death by the ICT . Since you said that this court is illegitimate, do you have any plans to send a legal representative to challenge the validity of your conviction and the jurisdiction of this tribunal?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 16, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 118, "end": 121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 127, "end": 156, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Crimes Tribunal"}, {"start": 158, "end": 161, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICT"}, {"start": 163, "end": 173, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 224, "end": 238, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mujibur Rahman"}, {"start": 274, "end": 278, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1971"}, {"start": 279, "end": 289, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 321, "end": 326, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yunus"}, {"start": 976, "end": 990, "label": "JOB", "value": "representative"}]}
{"unique_index": 20862, "source_text": "AKK: The structure of this tribunal leaves no room for representation. Unless one appears in person, there is effectively no way to contest proceedings. Once arrested under this system, you will not be able to get out on bail. It is a closed loop designed for a specific outcome. So, we urge the current government to uphold the law and dismantle this kangaroo court. We want the Awami League to be able to return to Bangladesh in a legal way. AB: You said no genocide happened during the July Revolution. Are you rejecting the allegations of genocide entirely? AKK: Of course I am. This narrative is entirely a part of that meticulously designed plan orchestrated by Muhammad Yunus and his cronies. Under Bangladeshi law, any incident in which a police officer uses lethal force is subject to a judicial inquiry led by a magistrate. This investigation figures out why the officer took lethal action and what was happening at the time. When we were in charge, we set up a judicial inquiry commission to investigate all reported killings.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 78, "end": 81, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 380, "end": 392, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 417, "end": 427, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 668, "end": 682, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muhammad Yunus"}, {"start": 747, "end": 761, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officer"}, {"start": 822, "end": 832, "label": "JOB", "value": "magistrate"}, {"start": 873, "end": 880, "label": "JOB", "value": "officer"}]}
{"unique_index": 20863, "source_text": "This included deaths caused by police, the killing of police personnel, and the deaths of civilians and political activists, irrespective of party affiliation. No individual was granted indemnity. The interim government has done none of this. Instead, they immediately issued an ordinance granting impunity to anyone for the killing of all police officers and all Awami League activists. AB: The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has reported that nearly 1,400 people were killed during the 2024 uprising. How can you dismiss a figure documented by an international body of that stature? AKK: You have to look at where these numbers are coming from. Our own findings indicate that approximately 260 people were killed during the uprising in Bangladesh, including police officers, civilians, protesters, and even Awami League activists. Later on, the Health Department under the interim government had said that nearly 600 people were killed during the uprising. Soon, they changed that number to 800 (approximately). The figure of 1,400 appears to originate from an individual assessment rather than a formally mandated UN inquiry.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 114, "end": 123, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 340, "end": 355, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officers"}, {"start": 364, "end": 376, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 377, "end": 386, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 396, "end": 447, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights"}, {"start": 473, "end": 478, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,400"}, {"start": 509, "end": 513, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 713, "end": 716, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "260"}, {"start": 759, "end": 769, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 781, "end": 796, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officers"}, {"start": 830, "end": 842, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 843, "end": 852, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 868, "end": 885, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Health Department"}, {"start": 936, "end": 939, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "600"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1017, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "800"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1054, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,400"}, {"start": 1138, "end": 1140, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}]}
{"unique_index": 20864, "source_text": "Under established procedures, any fact-finding report must be authorized by the Human Rights Council and accompanied by an approved budget. This report had neither. It carries no official UN document number. I think the United Nations should look into this matter much more deeply and make a neutral report that includes a proper list of all the people who died during the protests. AB: You were the home minister during the July protests. Are you taking responsibility for what your government did? AKK: We are deeply saddened for the people who died during the protests. It is possible that mistakes were made on our side; it is also possible that mistakes were made on theirs, too. That is something open to discussion. If it is proven that we made mistakes, we will definitely take responsibility. But we must also be given the space to present the facts from our side. By mid-July, when the protest shifted from the quota movement to a one-point demand , the level of violence unleashed was beyond explanation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 80, "end": 100, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Council"}, {"start": 188, "end": 190, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 220, "end": 234, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 400, "end": 413, "label": "JOB", "value": "home minister"}]}
{"unique_index": 20865, "source_text": "On August 3, a police officer informed me that the protesters were using weapons that our police had never seen before. Many of the guns were not licensed. In such a moment, if the police shoot back to protect themselves, should that be viewed as an offensive act or an act of self-defense? I clearly remember toward the end of July, the prime minister personally met family members of those who had died in the protests, expressed her sorrow, and offered financial support. We had said there would be an investigation through legal channels into the killings, but we were not given the opportunity to carry that process through. AB: You are making a very serious charge, Mr. Khan. Are you claiming that thousands of ordinary students and the general public who took to the streets during July were all carrying prohibited, high-caliber weapons? AKK: I did not refer to the ordinary students or the general public. What I meant to say was that among a section of the protesters, there were militants involved.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 3"}, {"start": 15, "end": 29, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officer"}, {"start": 328, "end": 332, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July"}, {"start": 338, "end": 352, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 704, "end": 713, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 20866, "source_text": "See, we understand that many of the young people who came out in July genuinely sought reform. They have been tragically exploited for specific political interests. To expand the list in the so-called July martyrs’ gazette, the interim administration even included the names of those miscreants who were killed in police firing while attacking our officers, looting police stations, outposts, and armories, and setting them ablaze. The list also includes those killed in security force firing while attempting to escape from prison or during attacks on prisons. The list also includes those who died in fires they started while looting and burning homes and businesses of Awami League leaders and activists. AB: During the protests, several unarmed civilians were killed by sniper fire, with shots reportedly aimed at the forehead. Did your administration allow the use of snipers? AKK: Our police have around fifty sniper rifles, all of which came from the United States for counterterrorism operations. They were locked up during the protests and stayed locked even on the day we departed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 348, "end": 356, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 672, "end": 684, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 697, "end": 706, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 733, "end": 740, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 910, "end": 915, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "fifty"}, {"start": 958, "end": 971, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}]}
{"unique_index": 20867, "source_text": "The army has a few sniper rifles as well, but those were not in use at that time either. Brigadier Sakhawat Hossain has confirmed that theirs too remained locked. We simply do not know where the sniper rifles came from and who these marksmen were, but their presence indicates outsider involvement with an intent to foment violence and create instability across Bangladesh. AB: So no shots were fired at protesters from helicopters? AKK: Our helicopters are too small to carry out targeted firing; at most, random fire would be possible. During the protests, sound grenades were dropped from helicopters to create loud blasts and clear the ground below. AB: But according to leaked audio verified by the BBC , Sheikh Hasina had ordered the use of lethal force against the protesters. AKK: That is an incomplete reading of the situation. The prime minister’s instruction was directed at armed militants, not at unarmed civilians or peaceful demonstrators. In Bangladesh, the police follow a set of rules when dealing with protests. First, they give warnings. Then move to physical restraint if necessary.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 18, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 362, "end": 372, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 704, "end": 707, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 710, "end": 723, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 841, "end": 855, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 958, "end": 968, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20868, "source_text": "If that fails, they may use tear gas and rubber bullets. Live ammunition is considered only in extreme circumstances, when there is serious destruction of public property, loss of life, or direct attacks on law enforcement. In such an extreme situation, even a regular constable has the legal standing to defend his life if no one is in charge. During our time in government, the police were granted operational authority, but they were also kept under strict supervision. Our police would not have dared to fire on anybody without a good reason. AB: What would you say about the death of Abu Sayeed ? Footage shows that he was an unarmed protester holding a stick; however, the police shot him several times. Were they ordered to forget those “rules” at that time? AKK: [Hesitates] Thank you, next question, please. AB: How long do you plan to stay in India? Have you thought about leaving for another country? AKK: We are deeply grateful to the Indian government for the way it has welcomed us and offered us shelter.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 695, "end": 702, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 853, "end": 858, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20869, "source_text": "No other country could have offered us a safer refuge than India. AB: BNP’s General Secretary Mirza Fakhrul said that Sheikh Hasina won’t be a problem for India-Bangladesh relations. If ties deepen in the future between the BNP-led government and New Delhi, could that create difficulties for members of the Awami League currently taking refuge in India? AKK: I think this is something we can only wait and see about. We cannot say for sure what will happen. But one thing is certain: India is our friend, and they have always helped the Awami League. I think they will keep supporting us no matter what happens. AB: You have alleged many times that your removal from power was a conspiracy orchestrated by the American deep state. But the Indian government maintains very close relations with the United States and is often seen as aligned with it. Does that put you in a potentially difficult position? AKK: I do not want to comment on what the Indian government does. What I can say is that India has been a friend to us.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 64, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 70, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 76, "end": 93, "label": "JOB", "value": "General Secretary"}, {"start": 94, "end": 107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mirza Fakhrul"}, {"start": 118, "end": 131, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 155, "end": 160, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 161, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 224, "end": 227, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 308, "end": 320, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 321, "end": 330, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 348, "end": 353, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 463, "end": 466, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 485, "end": 490, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 538, "end": 550, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 634, "end": 638, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 798, "end": 811, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 994, "end": 999, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20870, "source_text": "In moments of crisis, they have stood by us and have assured us of their continued support. That is all that matters to us. AB: As Bangladesh’s largest political party, how do you believe the Awami League can re-enter the country’s political landscape ? AKK: At this moment in Bangladesh, even mentioning the Awami League can lead to imprisonment. We have seen a Deputy Inspector General (DIG) in Rajshahi publicly issue a letter stating that any of our members who manage to get bail would be arrested again under new charges. It is hard to imagine such a statement being made without instructions from higher authorities. We were fortunate to escape with our lives, but for those who have been detained, the conditions are unthinkable. Around 120 of our MPs are currently in prison . Information reaching me suggests that, across the country, a large proportion of detainees are Awami League activists and supporters. We are getting reports of physical assaults in custody and of prisoners being denied proper medical treatment. So, without changes to the judiciary, it will be difficult for us to return.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 131, "end": 141, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 192, "end": 204, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 277, "end": 287, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 309, "end": 321, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 745, "end": 748, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "120"}, {"start": 756, "end": 759, "label": "JOB", "value": "MPs"}, {"start": 764, "end": 773, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 881, "end": 893, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 894, "end": 903, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20871, "source_text": "Even in the Liberation War [1971], we didn’t see this much inhuman treatment of us. If this continues, the people of Bangladesh will not remain silent. I believe it is ultimately our grassroots workers and supporters who will bring the party back to the country. AB: If you were to return to Bangladesh and eventually assume power again, what approach would you take toward the leaders of the July uprising? AKK: First, we want to express our sincere regret for those killed or injured during the July protests. Any future government led by us would initiate a thorough and independent investigation into why these events unfolded the way they did, who orchestrated them, what their intentions were, and what forces were at play. At the same time, we are prepared to examine our own errors. We need to understand whether any misjudgments on our part contributed to the unrest, and who may have been responsible for misleading the public during that period. All of this will be done transparently, through democratic and accountable processes. People deserve to know the truth.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 28, "end": 32, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1971"}, {"start": 117, "end": 127, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 292, "end": 302, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20879, "source_text": "Interactive map honors LGBTQ+ people’s historic presence in Prague\n\nIn the Czech Republic, the debate on LGBTQ+ people’s rights oscillates between a tolerant rhetoric towards this community and exploitation by predominantly right-wing politicians, who consider the gender issue as something foreign, if not a violation of local traditions. However, as shown in an interactive map of Prague, listing historical figures and places associated with this community, LGBTQ+ people have always been part of Czech culture. Homophobic rhetoric under the pretext of political protectionism In Central and Eastern Europe, which remains more marred by homophobia than Western Europe, where LGBTQ+ activism has been changing attitudes and laws since the 1980s, the Czech Republic is considered a comparatively more tolerant country . Progressive narratives on gender issues in the inter-war period, and one of Europe’s lowest levels of religiosity (about 20 percent of believers ), may explain why. But this is not to say Czech LGBTQ+ people are protected equally by law or on the streets. Although homosexual relationships, condemned during the communist era, were decriminalized in 1961 and registered partnerships were passed in 2006, parliament has refused to ratify the marriage bill for same-sex couples, despite positive changes to inheritance rights in 2024. That said, almost two-thirds of Czechs support the bill’s approval.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Interactive map honors LGBTQ+ people’s historic presence in Prague"}, {"start": 75, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Czech Republic"}, {"start": 235, "end": 246, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 383, "end": 389, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prague"}, {"start": 603, "end": 609, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 664, "end": 670, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 741, "end": 746, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980s"}, {"start": 752, "end": 766, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Czech Republic"}, {"start": 897, "end": 903, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 942, "end": 944, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 1171, "end": 1175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1961"}, {"start": 1219, "end": 1223, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}, {"start": 1348, "end": 1352, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20880, "source_text": "However, according to a study conducted in 2024, more than 40 percent of Czechs belonging to this community report instances of verbal or physical abuse. In more than 90 percent of cases, victims do not file complaints. The most serious homophobia probably comes from politicians. They don't hesitate in making public homophobic statements in a country that is a member of the European Union and, therefore, bound to anti-discrimination legislation under Article 21 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. As reported in this Global Voices article , leading figures, such as former president Miloš Zeman , former prime minister Petr Fiala , and Senator and presidential candidate Pavel Fischer , have made public discriminatory remarks without any consequences . They often present gender diversity as a “cultural import” from Brussels or the United States. A recent incident emphasized the culture of impunity toward some politicians. Minister of Foreign Affairs Petr Macinka from the far-right party Motorists for Themselves , who attended the Munich Security Conference in February 2026, clashed with former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on gender. He said : There is male, and female, and the rest, probably, is a social construct.This [the issue of gender] is something that went too far.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 47, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 59, "end": 61, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 167, "end": 169, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 268, "end": 279, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 377, "end": 391, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 473, "end": 475, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 527, "end": 540, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 583, "end": 592, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 593, "end": 604, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Miloš Zeman"}, {"start": 614, "end": 628, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 629, "end": 639, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Petr Fiala"}, {"start": 646, "end": 653, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senator"}, {"start": 844, "end": 857, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 924, "end": 935, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 937, "end": 945, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 965, "end": 969, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Petr"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1027, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Motorists for Themselves"}, {"start": 1077, "end": 1090, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 1136, "end": 1151, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hillary Clinton"}]}
{"unique_index": 20881, "source_text": "The medieval roots of Prague’s queer scene It was in light of this disregard that the Czech LGBTQ+ activist group and NGO , Společnost Pro Queer Pamět (Society for Queer Memory), launched an initiative, educating citizens about the ancient, vibrant history of LGBTQ+ people’s presence in Czech culture. In February 2022, the NGO launched an online interactive map of Prague, called Queer Prague , listing places where LGBTQ+ people lived and worked, as well as locations with monuments associated with this community. This guide, first published in print in 2014, features 160 points that, when clicked, open information pages explaining the cultural and historical context of LGBTQ+ people or places. The famous Republic Square, Náměstí Republiky , once named Josef Square during the Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1918, in the historic center of the city, was known as a “cruising area,” a public meeting place for gay men: Ladislav Jackson , a representative for the NGO, explained the project’s origin and development in an interview with Global Voices: Všechno začalo v roce 2009, kdy se konala vůbec první mezioborová konference Homosexualita v české vědě, kde se setkalo významné množství historiků, historiček, historiků a historiček kultury, umění a literatury.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 28, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prague"}, {"start": 99, "end": 107, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 152, "end": 176, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Society for Queer Memory"}, {"start": 306, "end": 319, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2022"}, {"start": 367, "end": 373, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prague"}, {"start": 382, "end": 394, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Queer Prague"}, {"start": 558, "end": 562, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 573, "end": 576, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "160"}, {"start": 713, "end": 728, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Republic Square"}, {"start": 761, "end": 773, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Josef Square"}, {"start": 815, "end": 819, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1918"}, {"start": 925, "end": 941, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ladislav Jackson"}, {"start": 946, "end": 960, "label": "JOB", "value": "representative"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1055, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1083, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}]}
{"unique_index": 20882, "source_text": "Výsledkem byly tři akademické knihy, které pak historik Jan Seidl navrhl přetvořit v praktický průvodce po Praze s názvem Teplá Praha (anglicky Queer Prague). Kniha se záhy vyprodala, tak jsme přistoupili k vytvoření on-line verze. Místa jsou tedy jakákoli místa, o kterých víme, že byla nějakým způsobem spojena s minulostí queer osob, historií queer emancipace a queer kultury. Nejstarší místo je z roku 1376, kdy je zaznamenán vůbec první soudní případ homosexuálního chování, šlo ale o násilné, zavrženíhodné akty. Pak je tam několik příběhů z dob novověku, většina událostí je ale z první poloviny 20. století. It all started in 2009, at the first Interdisciplinary Conference on Homosexuality in Czech Science, which brought together historians of art, culture, and literature. It resulted in three academic works, which the historian Jan Seidl suggested transforming into a practical guide for Prague titled ‘Queer Prague.’ As the book quickly flew off the shelves, we created an online version. The places mentioned are all those that we know are somehow associated with LGBTQ+ people’s history, their emancipation, and queer culture.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 65, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jan Seidl"}, {"start": 144, "end": 156, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Queer Prague"}, {"start": 406, "end": 410, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1376"}, {"start": 603, "end": 605, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 634, "end": 638, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}, {"start": 740, "end": 750, "label": "JOB", "value": "historians"}, {"start": 799, "end": 804, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 831, "end": 840, "label": "JOB", "value": "historian"}, {"start": 841, "end": 850, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jan Seidl"}, {"start": 901, "end": 907, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prague"}, {"start": 916, "end": 928, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Queer Prague"}]}
{"unique_index": 20883, "source_text": "The oldest place dates back to 1376, the year of the first recorded homosexuality trial, involving violent and reprehensible acts. Then there are modern-day stories, but most of the events happened in the first half of the 20th century. For Jackson, the most interesting points on the map are those associated with two leading Czech artists, Jan Zrzavý and Toyen : Ukazují totiž, že queer minulost nejsou jen tragické příběhy a příběh ze soudních spisů, ale velmi komplexní svědectví o tom, jak lidi v minulosti dokázali svou jinakost předávat prostřednictvím umění a současně nacházet strategie, jak žít relativně šťastné životy. They show how the queer past isn’t just about tragic stories and judicial archives, but also about complex accounts of how people once expressed their otherness through art, finding strategies to live relatively happy lives. Bohužel už pak ale lidé neznají konkrétní příběhy, významné osobnosti, které se o to odtrestnění a další narovnávání práv zasloužili, jak se queer lidem žilo, čemu čelili v Rakousku-Uhersku, za tzv. první republiky, během druhé světové války, za státního socialismu. Jak se narovnávala práva hned po revoluci v roce 1989.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 35, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1376"}, {"start": 211, "end": 215, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 219, "end": 235, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 20th century"}, {"start": 241, "end": 248, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jackson"}, {"start": 315, "end": 318, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 333, "end": 340, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 342, "end": 352, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jan Zrzavý"}, {"start": 1172, "end": 1176, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1989"}]}
{"unique_index": 20884, "source_text": "Co všechno to pro queer lidi znamenalo. I v dnešní době je queer historie zásadní, protože je instrumentální v udržování a rozšiřování/narovnávání občanských a lidských práv LGBTIQ+ osob. Ukazuje totiž, že queer lidé tu byli vždycky a jsou všude, nejde o žádnou novinku a rozmařilost zkažené doby. Bez queer historie, muzeálního a archivního uchovávání se žádná vyspělá společnost neobejde Unfortunately, people often don’t know much about the lives of the influential figures who fought for decriminalization and equal rights, focusing on their daily lives and the challenges they faced in the Austro-Hungarian era under the First Republic (1918–1948), during the Second World War, and under the socialist regime (1948–1989). People also know little about the rights advancements after the Velvet Revolution in 1989 and what they meant. Today, queer history remains vital as it plays an instrumental role in maintaining and expanding LGBTQ+ people’s civic and human rights. It shows that queer people have always been there and are everywhere. This phenomenon isn’t new or a remnant of an immoral era. No developed society can forget about queer history and its preservation in museums and archives.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 546, "end": 551, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 642, "end": 646, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1918"}, {"start": 647, "end": 651, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1948"}, {"start": 715, "end": 719, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1948"}, {"start": 720, "end": 724, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1989"}, {"start": 812, "end": 816, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1989"}, {"start": 838, "end": 843, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20898, "source_text": "China catches ‘lobster fever’ as cloud companies embrace OpenClaw\n\nChina’s latest five-year plan , released in early March 2026, reasserts its goal of leading in artificial intelligence (AI) development by 2030 through its “ AI+ ” initiative, which fosters the integration of AI across all major economic sectors. While it is too soon to predict the outcome of the AI race, AI adoption in China is increasingly visible beyond the tech sector as usage among regular citizens has exploded with the emergence of OpenClaw . Released in November 2025, OpenClaw is an open-source and locally run AI agent developed by Austrian coder Peter Steinberger. Once set up on a computer, the virtual assistant can connect to LLMs like ChatGPT and Claude and perform tasks such as replying to emails, managing calendars, booking hotels, and managing social media accounts. Users can also install “skills” from platforms such as ClawHub to add new functions, such as controlling electronic appliances. After the Austrian programmer joined OpenAI and moved his OpenClaw project to an open-source foundation in mid February 2026, major Chinese cloud companies rushed to create their own version of “claw.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 65, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "China catches ‘lobster fever’ as cloud companies embrace OpenClaw"}, {"start": 67, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 117, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 206, "end": 210, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 389, "end": 394, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 509, "end": 517, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 532, "end": 545, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 547, "end": 555, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 627, "end": 644, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Peter Steinberger"}, {"start": 720, "end": 727, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}, {"start": 732, "end": 738, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1014, "label": "JOB", "value": "programmer"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1028, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenAI"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1051, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 20899, "source_text": "Around February 2025, Chinese social media exploded with promises that OpenClaw would revolutionize users’ daily lives — claiming that regular citizens could now create their own AI agents to handle their work and grow their businesses. Inspired by OpenClaw’s lobster logo, users coined the phrase “raising a lobster” (養龍蝦) to promote the adoption of the AI agent. The phrase quickly went viral and helped spur its adoption. However, in less than a month, many have woken up from the “lobster fever” in the face of the harsh reality that creating a local AI agent is often too time-consuming, difficult, and expensive for non-technical people. Claw adoption in China In March, Tencent launched a Clawbot on WeChat that allows users to manage email, calendar, and files via natural language in chatrooms. It also launched “Work Buddy,” a desktop version of OpenClaw, and “QClaw,” a one-click installation of “claw” on mobile devices. Alibaba, a massive Chinese e-commerce platform, launched “Wukong,” a platform that connects to various AI agents to handle complex business tasks such as research, editing, and documentation. Baidu, JD.com, and others also introduced their own versions of “lobster.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 20, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2025"}, {"start": 71, "end": 79, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 107, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 158, "end": 161, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 249, "end": 257, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 661, "end": 666, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 707, "end": 713, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WeChat"}, {"start": 856, "end": 864, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 991, "end": 997, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wukong"}]}
{"unique_index": 20900, "source_text": "To promote the new AI features, these tech giants hosted physical meetups in early March to help students and their corporate fans set up OpenClaw on their desktops. News sites and social media platforms were flooded with footage of crowds outside Tencent and Baidu’s headquarters, hyping up “lobster fever.” Moreover, many cities, including tech hubs in Shenzhen and Wuxi, have added fuel to the craze by announcing subsidies of CNY 2 to 10 million (approximately USD 290,000 to 1.4 million) to attract startups and developers working on open-source projects. Across Chinese social media platforms, OpenClaw fans presented the “lobster” as an efficient assistant, capable of performing complex tasks such as video editing, responding to customer inquiries, reviewing and grading student assignments, and tra ding stocks around the clock with simple, natural-language instructions. Some influencers even claimed that AI agents will eventually replace computer applications and urged their followers to jump on the trend before it is too late. Lobster fever has driven many to upgrade their hardware, to the point that computers equipped with advanced chips, such as the Mac Mini, were temporarily out of stock in some cities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 138, "end": 146, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 319, "end": 323, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 434, "end": 449, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2 to 10 million"}, {"start": 469, "end": 491, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "290,000 to 1.4 million"}, {"start": 517, "end": 527, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 600, "end": 608, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 887, "end": 898, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20901, "source_text": "On shopping platforms, tens of thousands of OpenClaw textbooks have been sold in a month, and some tech-savvy individuals have made substantial profits by providing online assistance to help newbies install and train their AI agents. However, as more and more people have picked up the tool, they have faced the harsh reality about the cost of “raising a lobster.” A tech-blogger, Yuan Guoxing, spelled out ordinary users’ frustration on Weibo: Do you think installing ‘Lobster’ is like hiring an employee who works for you 24/7? In reality, you’ll have to spend a ton of time training that useless lobster. Most importantly, you’ll have to work like a dog to raise it. The whole thing could be the biggest irony of 2026. Many people think running ‘Lobster’ is free. This is too naive. First, you need to set up a home for the lobster: it crashes on an average machine like your PC; you need to spend at least CNY 4,300 (USD 675) on a Mac Mini, which is sold out everywhere. If hosting it on a cloud server, you need to spend CNY 50–200 (USD 7–29) per month — and that’s just the lobster’s housing rent.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 40, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 44, "end": 52, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 372, "end": 379, "label": "JOB", "value": "blogger"}, {"start": 716, "end": 720, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 722, "end": 726, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 914, "end": 919, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,300"}, {"start": 925, "end": 928, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "675"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1036, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50–200"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1046, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7–29"}]}
{"unique_index": 20902, "source_text": "The real money-eater is the lobster’s food — that is, tokens. AI doesn’t eat food — it eats tokens. Using a cheap domestic large language model costs CNY 30–80 (USD 4.3–11.6) a month, barely enough to keep it alive; if you want to do some real work, it costs tens or even hundreds of yuan a day; using top-tier models like ChatGPT costs hundreds of yuan a day — possibly tens of thousands a month. […] If you install a lobster, you worry you can’t afford raising it; if you don’t, you’re afraid of being left out [of the market]. What’s an ordinary person supposed to do? A token is the smallest unit of data that an AI model processes or generates, and users must pay for it. Since March, token consumption by Chinese LLMs has surpassed that of U.S. models thanks to lobster fever. If a user chooses to run an AI agent on a cloud server, they must pay a monthly fee for the service. Raising lobsters means feeding the development of Chinese LLMs and AI platforms.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 154, "end": 159, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30–80"}, {"start": 165, "end": 173, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.3–11.6"}, {"start": 272, "end": 280, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 323, "end": 330, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}, {"start": 337, "end": 345, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 379, "end": 388, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 746, "end": 750, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 855, "end": 862, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}]}
{"unique_index": 20903, "source_text": "In addition to cost, AI users must be skilled at communicating with the lobsters, or the AI agent might be misled by inaccurate prompts, leading it to delete emails and files en masse and leak personal or even business secrets in chats and emails. Reportedly , some anxious newbies had to pay extra to remove the AI agent from their devices. Even state-funded media outlets found the “lobster fever” overblown and intervened to cool it down, as the current marketing narrative has fuelled a widespread anxiety that ordinary people will be left out of the job market and the technology-driven economy unless they master AI agents. Chinese authorities also stepped in to warn users about potential security risks, including malicious skill plugins and prompt-injection attacks embedded in malicious websites, which can manipulate AI agents into performing unauthorized tasks. This has driven many users to switch to Chinese lobster versions and platform services, which are perceived as safer or more controlled options. While most media outlets see the “lobster fever” as further proof of China’s success in creating a profitable model for AI technology, whether such “ tokenomics ” can sustain and boost domestic consumption remains uncertain. For ordinary people, popular Weibo user Fan Deng’s advice seems more than appropriate: 养龙虾，不如先养好自己。 Instead of raising a lobster, take care of yourself first.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 890, "end": 894, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1093, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 20930, "source_text": "Africa has 2,000 languages. AI content moderation covers fewer than 20\n\nBereket Tsegay spent his days watching videos he did not understand. He was hired to moderate content on TikTok at the company’s Kenya hub, one of the main centers for AI-assisted content review across Africa. He spoke Amharic , Ethiopia’s official language. But the videos in his queue came from across the continent in languages like Luo , Dholuo , Kikuyu , Dinka , and dozens more. When nothing in the visuals looked obviously wrong, and nobody had reported the video, he usually left it up. When it had been reported many times, he took it down. He has since left the job, and he is candid about what he saw: the system was doing its best with almost no real understanding of the content it was judging. His account, reported in the Christian Science Monitor in March 2026, is one snapshot of a much wider problem. Africa has more than 2,000 languages . The AI systems that moderate content across the continent were built primarily on English-language data, with some coverage of a handful of global languages.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Africa has 2,000 languages. AI content moderation covers fewer than 20"}, {"start": 177, "end": 183, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 201, "end": 206, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 274, "end": 280, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 301, "end": 309, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 444, "end": 450, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 593, "end": 597, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 838, "end": 848, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 853, "end": 856, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 891, "end": 897, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 912, "end": 917, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20931, "source_text": "A 2025 study , “The State of Large Language Models for African Languages,” comparing major language models found that only 42 African languages appear in any meaningful way across the systems reviewed. Just four languages, Amharic, Swahili, Afrikaans, and Malagasy, are handled with any degree of consistency. That leaves more than 98 percent of Africa’s languages essentially invisible to the moderation systems that decide what stays up and what gets removed. The consequences fall on real people. The language of the algorithm Jackson Busolo is a Kenyan TikTok creator who posts in Swahili, mostly about politics. One morning in February 2025, he woke up, and his account was gone. No warning, no explanation. He appealed, and eventually the account was reestablished. He never found out why it was taken down or restored. His case is not unusual. According to TikTok’s Q1 2025 Community Guidelines Enforcement data, as reported by Business Daily Africa , between January and March 2025, TikTok removed more than 450,000 videos from Kenya alone and banned over 43,000 accounts. By the second quarter, removals had climbed to 592,000.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 6, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 20, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "State of Large Language Models for African Languages"}, {"start": 123, "end": 125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "42"}, {"start": 207, "end": 211, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 332, "end": 334, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "98"}, {"start": 346, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 530, "end": 544, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jackson Busolo"}, {"start": 557, "end": 563, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 564, "end": 571, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 617, "end": 620, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 632, "end": 645, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2025"}, {"start": 864, "end": 870, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 876, "end": 880, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 881, "end": 913, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Community Guidelines Enforcement"}, {"start": 944, "end": 949, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 950, "end": 956, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 967, "end": 989, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and March 2025"}, {"start": 991, "end": 997, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1023, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "450,000"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1041, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1070, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "43,000"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "quarter"}, {"start": 1128, "end": 1135, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "592,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20932, "source_text": "The platform attributes most of this to automated systems. TikTok told the Christian Science Monitor that it uses a combination of technology and human moderation across many languages and is constantly expanding its coverage. But the platform declined to say which African languages its AI moderation tools actually cover. When a moderation system cannot process a language, it is less likely to flag content for human review. Instead, it relies on indirect signals such as user reports, visual cues, or audio patterns from languages it does recognize. Mercy Mutemi, executive director of the Oversight Lab , a Kenyan legal advocacy group focused on technology, put it plainly. She said: We are talking about an algorithm trained predominantly in English, being trusted to take down harmful content, while a huge percentage of TikTok users in Kenya are using TikTok in their mother tongue. The problem is not only false positives, but also content that gets removed when it should not. There are false negatives too: harmful content in languages the system cannot parse, which stays up because nothing in the video triggers a review.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 65, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 170, "end": 174, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 554, "end": 566, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mercy Mutemi"}, {"start": 568, "end": 586, "label": "JOB", "value": "executive director"}, {"start": 594, "end": 607, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Oversight Lab"}, {"start": 828, "end": 834, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 844, "end": 849, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 860, "end": 866, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}]}
{"unique_index": 20933, "source_text": "In Ethiopia, false claims circulating on Facebook alleged that Ethiopian troops had seized Eritrea’s Red Sea port, spreading widely before being debunked by fact-checkers . Researchers have documented the same dynamic repeatedly. Swahili hate speech goes undetected. Moderation gaps in low-resource languages such as Hausa. Local language posts are misclassified by systems trained primarily on English. Ethnographic research with UX practitioners across six African countries found that large language models trained predominantly on English often struggled with African language input. In one example, including even a single Yorùbá word in an otherwise English prompt produced inaccurate outputs, ranging from partial mistranslations to unrelated responses, highlighting limitations in how these models handle multilingual and culturally specific text. What happens when that same model is asked to judge whether a post violates community standards? Who bears the cost? The burden of a moderation system that cannot read African languages is not shared equally. It falls hardest on creators, journalists, and ordinary users who communicate in those languages.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 41, "end": 49, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 91, "end": 108, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eritrea’s Red Sea"}, {"start": 173, "end": 184, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 455, "end": 458, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 591, "end": 594, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 902, "end": 907, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1093, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1106, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20934, "source_text": "For creators, it means building an audience in a context where the algorithm is indifferent to the actual content of your work and responsive mainly to English-language signals. Pauline Onyango, another Kenyan creator, found that months of posting in the Luo language produced almost no algorithmic traction. Her content was effectively invisible. This is not only a fairness problem. It shapes what gets made, what gets amplified, and whose stories reach audiences. For journalists and civil society, it means that disinformation in African languages can gain more traction. Platforms with hundreds of millions of users on the continent are slower to act on harmful content in languages their systems cannot parse. Fact-checkers interviewed by Poynter described spending hours manually tracking Amharic-language Facebook posts during periods of political tension in Ethiopia, doing work that should have been caught by the platform’s systems. For platforms themselves, there is a compliance dimension that has gone largely undiscussed. The EU AI Act , which entered into force in August 2024, requires that AI systems be non-discriminatory and that training data be representative of the populations the system will affect.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 12, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 178, "end": 193, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pauline Onyango"}, {"start": 210, "end": 217, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 471, "end": 482, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 591, "end": 599, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 603, "end": 611, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 745, "end": 752, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Poynter"}, {"start": 813, "end": 821, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 867, "end": 875, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 1044, "end": 1050, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI Act"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1092, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20935, "source_text": "The Digital Services Act (DSA), already in force since February 2024, requires platforms to explain content moderation decisions to affected users. If a system cannot identify the language a post is written in, it cannot produce a meaningful explanation for why that post was removed. These are not hypothetical future obligations. They apply now to any platform with European users, and African-language communities are present and active in Europe. What is actually being done? There is work happening, but it is scattered and chronically under-resourced. Research groups like AfricaNLP , a workshop series affiliated with major computational linguistics conferences, are producing multilingual datasets, benchmarks, and models for African languages. The 2025 AfricaNLP workshop included work on hate speech detection in Hausa and Igbo, Swahili news classification, and speech recognition for low-resource languages. Academic teams at universities in Pretoria, Nairobi, and Addis Ababa are building training data for languages that have almost none. Some commercial efforts are following. Cohere , a Canadian artificial intelligence company that develops large language models, partnered with HausaNLP to integrate African language datasets into its multilingual Aya model .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 24, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Digital Services Act"}, {"start": 26, "end": 29, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "DSA"}, {"start": 55, "end": 68, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2024"}, {"start": 343, "end": 346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 443, "end": 449, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 757, "end": 761, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 976, "end": 987, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Addis Ababa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20936, "source_text": "The data-labeling industry, worth an estimated USD 2.8 billion globally, relies heavily on workers in Kenya, Nigeria, and other African countries to annotate the data that AI systems learn from. Those same workers rarely see their languages reflected in the outputs of the systems they help train. The African Union’s Continental AI Strategy , approved in July 2024, commits to a people-centric approach and names data sovereignty as a priority. The AU’s strategy and the national AI strategies that followed it, including Nigeria’s in April 2025, flag linguistic diversity as something that needs addressing. But strategy documents are not models. They do not, on their own, close the gap between what systems can do and what the continent's languages require. The data-labeling industry relies heavily on workers in countries like Kenya to annotate what AI systems learn. Those same workers rarely see their languages reflected in the systems they help train. A fixable problem that nobody has decided to fix The language gap in AI content moderation is not a mystery.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 62, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.8 billion"}, {"start": 102, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 109, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 302, "end": 315, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Union"}, {"start": 356, "end": 365, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 450, "end": 452, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU"}, {"start": 523, "end": 530, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 536, "end": 546, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2025"}, {"start": 833, "end": 838, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}]}
{"unique_index": 20937, "source_text": "It is a known problem with a known cause: the economics of building AI systems have historically favored languages with large amounts of digital text, and most African languages have very little. English dominates. French, Chinese, and Arabic have some coverage. Everything else is marginal. What makes this moment different is that the regulatory pressure is building from outside Africa in ways that might finally force change. The EU AI Act’s non-discrimination obligations apply to training data. If a system is trained on data that does not represent the populations it will serve, deployers face potential compliance exposure. The DSA’s transparency requirements mean platforms need to explain their decisions, including decisions made by systems that may have guessed rather than understood. None of this automatically fixes the problem. But it creates, for the first time, financial consequences for ignoring it. Platforms that have treated African-language coverage as a nice-to-have rather than a core requirement may find that position harder to sustain when regulators can ask for disaggregated performance data across languages and communities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 382, "end": 388, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 437, "end": 443, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI Act"}]}
{"unique_index": 20938, "source_text": "There is also an argument that does not depend on regulation at all. Africa is one of the fastest-growing regions for social media use. The platforms that want to grow on the continent over the next decade need to actually work for the people who live there. A moderation system that treats Swahili, Yoruba, and Amharic as edge cases is not a system designed for an African audience. It is a system designed for someone else, deployed in Africa. That is a gap worth naming plainly. Not because naming it is enough, but because the first step to fixing a problem is deciding it is, in fact, a problem rather than an acceptable trade-off. Disclosure: The author builds content moderation technology. The views and analyses in this article are his own and are drawn from publicly available research. Pride Chamisa is an AI researcher and the founder of VidSentry, an AI platform building context-aware video moderation tools for African-language content. He is based in Cape Town and is a GradStar Top 100 recipient.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 69, "end": 75, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 194, "end": 205, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next decade"}, {"start": 438, "end": 444, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 653, "end": 659, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 797, "end": 810, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pride Chamisa"}, {"start": 820, "end": 830, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 839, "end": 846, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 967, "end": 976, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cape Town"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1002, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}]}
{"unique_index": 20972, "source_text": "African creators struggle to secure decent income in gig economy\n\nIn less than a decade, Africa has become one of the most dynamic environments for growth in the global creative economy . Driven by a young demographic , fast-growing smartphone adoption, and an audiovisual and music culture that’s enjoyed worldwide, thousands of digital creators have emerged in Lagos, Accra, Dakar, Lomé, and Nairobi. However, there is an economic gap between the creators’ works and their income. Creators left behind despite a growing market Nearly 85 percent of workers on the continent work in the informal sector , also known as the gig economy , where they engage in short-term, flexible jobs as a means of survival. Understanding what West Africa’s digital creators experience means assessing the gap between what they create and what they earn from it. The Africa Creator Economy Report 2.0 , published by Communiqué and TM Global at the Africa Creators Summit in Lagos in January 2026, observed that the African creator economy is worth USD 3 billion today , with projections of over USD 17 billion by 2030.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 64, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "African creators struggle to secure decent income in gig economy"}, {"start": 89, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 317, "end": 326, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 338, "end": 346, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 449, "end": 457, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 483, "end": 491, "label": "JOB", "value": "Creators"}, {"start": 536, "end": 538, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "85"}, {"start": 727, "end": 738, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Africa"}, {"start": 749, "end": 757, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 846, "end": 879, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Africa Creator Economy Report"}, {"start": 880, "end": 883, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.0"}, {"start": 931, "end": 937, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 938, "end": 946, "label": "JOB", "value": "Creators"}, {"start": 966, "end": 978, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1013, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1044, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3 billion"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1050, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1092, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17 billion"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}]}
{"unique_index": 20973, "source_text": "The report also found that 60 percent of African creators earn less than USD 100 per month from their digital work, while 54 percent earn less than USD 62 per month. These are the individuals who create Afrobeat tracks that Spotify pushes to the top of the global charts, Instagram images that reach Parisian trend agencies, and popular short-form content on TikTok that is replicated elsewhere without any credit or compensation. One role is no longer enough Kofi Dotse is a Ghana-based travel writer, content creator, and creative producer who grew up in Accra. He hoped to become a producer, which he ultimately achieved, as well as being a content creator, editor, trade negotiator, and, since 2025, a trainer. In an episode of his podcast Hors Script (Unscripted), “From Labor to Value… The Premium Creative Blueprint,” recorded in English in early 2026, he gave a detailed explanation of the process that shaped him: Looking at the current ecosystem, you cannot appear to have just one hat, so a lot of creatives have had to take on several roles within the space.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 29, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 49, "end": 57, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 77, "end": 80, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 122, "end": 124, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "54"}, {"start": 152, "end": 154, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "62"}, {"start": 272, "end": 281, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 359, "end": 365, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 431, "end": 434, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 460, "end": 470, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kofi Dotse"}, {"start": 476, "end": 481, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 495, "end": 501, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 503, "end": 518, "label": "JOB", "value": "content creator"}, {"start": 644, "end": 659, "label": "JOB", "value": "content creator"}, {"start": 661, "end": 667, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 698, "end": 702, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 744, "end": 755, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hors Script"}, {"start": 854, "end": 858, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 988, "end": 991, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1046, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 20974, "source_text": "However, despite accumulating all these skills, platform payouts are unpredictable, and the algorithmic compensation is largely disconnected from their efforts. Local brands, under budgetary pressure themselves, also seek to get as much as possible for as little as possible. As for consumers, the Africa Creator Economy Report states that 78 percent of young Africans spend very little on digital cultural experiences, due to a significant lack of buying power rather than their disinterest. Although creative work is free-flowing, it fails to monetize at the rate of its distribution. According to the same report, the most stable creators now get 25 percent of their income from digital products, digital courses, and e-books, and 14 percent from merchandising. This accounts for much more than the direct payments from platforms like Spotify or YouTube. What’s more, skills development comes at a cost. Every hour spent learning about rights management or accounting is an hour taken away from the creative process itself. Skillfulness works like an invisible tax levied on talent. It is exhausting and, for most who are unable to manage, causes ongoing insecurity without contracts or social protection.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 298, "end": 327, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Africa Creator Economy Report"}, {"start": 340, "end": 342, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "78"}, {"start": 633, "end": 641, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 642, "end": 645, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 650, "end": 652, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 734, "end": 736, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 849, "end": 856, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 907, "end": 917, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every hour"}]}
{"unique_index": 20975, "source_text": "When money can’t cross borders Stripe is a global financial services platform unavailable in almost all francophone Sub-Saharan African countries. The PayPal payment platform is partially available, though withdrawals are restricted. For creators based in Cotonou, Dakar, or Lomé, collecting payments from American or European customers poses obstacles that their counterparts in Berlin or Toronto couldn’t even imagine. This situation presents a structural bottleneck , preventing significant access to the global market. In response to this exclusion, alternatives have emerged, including Selar , M-Pesa , and Chipper Cash . A blog post by software company Nestuge explains their real-world advantages and limitations. These tools have become the everyday infrastructure of an economy that official systems have refused to serve. Douglas Kendyson , the founder of Selar, explains that it aims to offer creators a direct and credible way to monetize their skills worldwide. According to a study published in the International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research , African creators who use these platforms have significantly higher levels of entrepreneurial autonomy than those who depend exclusively on Western platforms.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 238, "end": 246, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 659, "end": 666, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nestuge"}, {"start": 832, "end": 848, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Douglas Kendyson"}, {"start": 855, "end": 862, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 904, "end": 912, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 1013, "end": 1066, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research"}, {"start": 1077, "end": 1085, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}]}
{"unique_index": 20976, "source_text": "Ultimately, this informal economy operates outside any institutional framework, compensating for the lack of a structured and viable ecosystem. Much like the informal trade networks that serve the continent across national borders, it is blazing its own trail where the state and global market have failed to build connecting infrastructure. It’s a necessary infrastructure that’s as resilient as it is spontaneous. Cultural data, profits elsewhere A study on mapping the data labor supply chain in Africa found that thousands of workers, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, work as moderators, filtering traumatic content while annotating datasets to train artificial intelligence (AI) for major technology platforms, and that they contribute to systems that deny them any rights. The authors use the term “digital apartheid” to describe infrastructure in which access to tools, markets, and remuneration remains structurally unequal based on location. Generative AI has added a layer of irony to the equation. Initiatives like Waxal , launched by Google to document some African languages , rely on thousands of African contributors. However, there is a structural problem.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 499, "end": 505, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 517, "end": 526, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 549, "end": 567, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 780, "end": 787, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1049, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1104, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 20977, "source_text": "Once fed this open-source data, the machine generates content that circulates and is monetized, with the original language keepers receiving no revenue, shifting from digital inclusion to a new form of cultural extractivism. A study, titled “Data Flows and Colonial Regimes in Africa: A Critical Analysis of the Colonial Futurities Embedded in AI Recommendation Algorithms in Africa,” shows that these same models are subsequently used to generate cultural African content, such as avatars, music, and visuals, which compete directly with the human creators whose work provided the source material. The system is restricted since value flows in only one direction. The case of Shudu Gram is a prime example. This entirely digital supermodel, whose appearance mirrors that of a black South African woman, was created and marketed by a white British photographer, Cameron-James Wilson. She received substantial advertising budgets, imitating a culture with which she shares no origin. Building alongside the system Sedo Tossou , a Beninese creator, founded Sedo+ , an African streaming platform, without raising external investor funding. In a sector obsessed with growth metrics, this decision was, indeed, a political statement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 277, "end": 283, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 376, "end": 382, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 549, "end": 557, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 650, "end": 653, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 677, "end": 687, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shudu Gram"}, {"start": 848, "end": 860, "label": "JOB", "value": "photographer"}, {"start": 862, "end": 882, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cameron-James Wilson"}, {"start": 1013, "end": 1024, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sedo Tossou"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1045, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 1055, "end": 1059, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sedo"}]}
{"unique_index": 20978, "source_text": "In an interview with Hors Script and a round-table in Lomé, he explained his reasoning with clarity that challenges the mainstream narratives of African tech: Si tu n'as pas le pouvoir de l'argent, il faut que tu développes le pouvoir de la communauté. Le capital étranger cherche rarement à financer les récits africains et cherche à en contrôler le cadre. Cette distinction est fondamentale. If you don’t have the power of money, you must develop the power of community. Foreign investment rarely seeks to finance African narratives, but rather to control their framework. That is a fundamental difference. His assessment of the ecosystem focuses on its structure, especially the contractual stringency, rights management, and institutional capacity to protect what is created. This structure is often built in opposition to a framework that discourages informality but fails to provide an effective gateway into the formal sector. Specialists in edutainment — education through entertainment — now play a strategic role at the center of this transfer. Their success ultimately depends on their ability to merge knowledge and narrative to protect their value, making it incomprehensible to a market that seeks to quantify it at any cost. Who will receive the USD 17 billion in 2030?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 32, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hors Script"}, {"start": 934, "end": 945, "label": "JOB", "value": "Specialists"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1000, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1265, "end": 1275, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17 billion"}, {"start": 1279, "end": 1283, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}]}
{"unique_index": 20979, "source_text": "In 2020, a study by the German development agency Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit ( GIZ ) titled “ Governance of the platform economy in developing countries and emerging economies ” had already underscored the absence of a robust regulatory framework in Africa. Without regulation on data, digital labor law, and taxation, there is a structural risk that income generated on the continent will flow outward to external actors. Three years on, in 2023, a study by Professors Tom Kwanya and Kutoma J. Wakunuma on platform regulation in Kenya showed that even in the most advanced countries in this area, the legal framework for click-worker (graphics labeler) protection remains underdeveloped. Actors in this sector regularly identify three key matters as non-negotiable. Firstly, cultural data sovereignty. When African content is used to train AI models, the original creators must be identified, tracked, and paid. Secondly, click-worker protection . Moderation is work that deserves a decent salary, social security coverage, and legal recognition, not a subcontracting agreement hidden behind three layers of service providers. Lastly, international pay equity concerning geographical pay differentials is a structural choice. Without these three fundamental changes, African creators will continue to see other non-African actors reap the benefits of their hard work instead.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 50, "end": 71, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Deutsche Gesellschaft"}, {"start": 279, "end": 285, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 452, "end": 463, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Three years"}, {"start": 471, "end": 475, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 488, "end": 498, "label": "JOB", "value": "Professors"}, {"start": 559, "end": 564, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 759, "end": 764, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 894, "end": 902, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1127, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1270, "end": 1275, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1305, "end": 1313, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}]}
{"unique_index": 20980, "source_text": "AI warfare triggers Putin, as Kremlin moves to dismantle the last pieces of Russian internet\n\nAt the beginning of April 2026, the Russian government’s attempts to limit access to anything out of its control on the internet kicked into high gear. Apart from ongoing mobile internet shutdowns — including an unprecedented one in the capital that lasted for three weeks — there is now a war on VPNs , attempts to try out “white lists” on both mobile and home internet connections, and blockage of the last “Western” messenger, Telegram . It might be a strange coincidence, but the Israeli–US war on Iran , “Operation Epic Fury,” which has employed a lot of AI warfare, started on February 28 — a week before the full mobile internet shutdown in Moscow. During the first few days of the war up to March 3, as many as 17 high-ranking Iranian government and military officials were killed in strategic targeted strikes involving AI warfare strategies. According to the BBC , since February 28, the United States has launched more than 11,000 strikes against Iran , many reportedly identified by project Marvin AI.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 92, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI warfare triggers Putin, as Kremlin moves to dismantle the last pieces of Russian internet"}, {"start": 114, "end": 124, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 320, "end": 323, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 355, "end": 366, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three weeks"}, {"start": 378, "end": 381, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 435, "end": 439, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 524, "end": 532, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 586, "end": 588, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 596, "end": 600, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 677, "end": 688, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 28"}, {"start": 742, "end": 748, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 767, "end": 775, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few days"}, {"start": 793, "end": 800, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3"}, {"start": 805, "end": 809, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 813, "end": 815, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17"}, {"start": 963, "end": 966, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 975, "end": 986, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 28"}, {"start": 992, "end": 1005, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1035, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11,000"}, {"start": 1052, "end": 1056, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1063, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1106, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Marvin AI"}]}
{"unique_index": 20981, "source_text": "Maven Smart Systems is a project by the Palantir company , which has been developing AI-enabled solutions for the Pentagon since 2017. Maven uses machine learning algorithms to analyze and fuse vast amounts of surveillance data from multiple sources, made possible through data integration. Since 2025, it also integrates large language models (LLMs), such as Anthropic’s Claude, to enhance intelligence fusion, targeting, and accelerated decision-making. The data that the project uses to analyse and identify potential targets include photographs, satellite imagery, geolocation data (IP address, geotag, metadata, etc.) from communications intercepts, infrared sensors, synthetic-aperture radar, and more. The use of AI warfare in Iran has been criticised by experts. In an interview with France 24, political theory professor Elke Schwarz described the radical acceleration of both the process of identifying military targets using artificial intelligence and the speed of decision-making regarding strikes, noting that in the first 24 hours of this war alone, the US launched a thousand missiles per day — about 41 missiles per hour — against specific targets.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maven Smart Systems"}, {"start": 40, "end": 48, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Palantir"}, {"start": 129, "end": 133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 297, "end": 301, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 372, "end": 378, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}, {"start": 734, "end": 738, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 792, "end": 798, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 799, "end": 801, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 820, "end": 829, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 830, "end": 842, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elke Schwarz"}, {"start": 881, "end": 885, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1045, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 hours"}, {"start": 1069, "end": 1071, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1091, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousand"}, {"start": 1117, "end": 1119, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "41"}]}
{"unique_index": 20982, "source_text": "To Schwarz, this implies a virtual absence of human oversight over such decisions, as it is physically impossible to ensure such a level of control. The professor believes this is extremely dangerous, especially considering that AI models have a reliability of only 25–50 percent , meaning they are very often wrong. She added that legislators and international organizations need to intervene, to determine the permissibility and impermissibility of using such AI models in military operations. Although it is beyond the scope of this article to describe the technical specifications of how AI warfare initiatives like Project Maven specifically identify human targets, it is possible that shutting down most of the mobile internet in Moscow from March 6–24 — as well as other measures to control the remaining pieces of the Russian internet — was triggered by its use , according to some Ukrainian sources. TV Rain and other independent media claimed that Putin was very concerned about his safety after the US kidnapped Venezuela’s Nicolas Maduro. Various media sources also claimed that Putin’s paranoia might have grown since the “cynical murder” — as Putin himself called it — of Khamenei and other high-ranking Iranian officials.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Schwarz"}, {"start": 153, "end": 162, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 266, "end": 271, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25–50"}, {"start": 332, "end": 343, "label": "JOB", "value": "legislators"}, {"start": 620, "end": 633, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Project Maven"}, {"start": 736, "end": 742, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 748, "end": 755, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 6"}, {"start": 756, "end": 758, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 909, "end": 916, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TV Rain"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1012, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1032, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}]}
{"unique_index": 20983, "source_text": "The only comment that journalists received about this unprecedented mobile internet shutdown in Moscow was from Putin’s press secretary Peskov, who kept saying that it was done in the name of “security.” Although mobile internet shutdowns have been going on in Russia for months now, they have never before been implemented at such a scale. It collapsed not only a large part of the digitally-based service sector in Moscow, but also the metro, grocery stores, and even public toilets. Independent Russian media outlet The Bell wrote that, according to their sources, the requirement to restrict internet access in certain districts of Moscow was given to operators by the Scientific and Technical Service (STS) of the Federal Security Service (FSB), Russia’s main security agency. The shutdowns were “handed down from above,” a government official confirmed. According to the source, the government did not know the reasons, but the justification was countering threats , though the specific types of threats remain unknown. “A certain map was received from the STS of the FSB, marking where the internet needed to be switched off.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 33, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 96, "end": 102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 126, "end": 135, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 261, "end": 267, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 279, "end": 282, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 417, "end": 423, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 523, "end": 527, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bell"}, {"start": 636, "end": 642, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 673, "end": 705, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Scientific and Technical Service"}, {"start": 707, "end": 710, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "STS"}, {"start": 719, "end": 743, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Security Service"}, {"start": 745, "end": 748, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FSB"}, {"start": 751, "end": 757, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20984, "source_text": "At the same time, law enforcement officials strongly hinted that this was not their decision; it had also been passed down to them,” one of The Bell’s sources said . Later on, the popular and the last remaining “Western” messenger, Telegram, was blocked, in spite of the fact that even those from the military fighting in Ukraine were actively against it. However, Telegram’s owner Pavel Durov said that, even after the block, nearly 65 million people from Russia still use Telegram every day. After that, Roskomnadzor , the federal executive agency responsible for mass media, attempted to block VPN traffic , and half of Russia’s internet services stopped working, including banking apps and state services. Some IT specialists and media — even those loyal to the state, like Nataliya Kasperskaya — said that Roskomnadzor, “in the frenzy of fighting methods to bypass blocks, has taken down half of the Runet’s services.” She later had to delete her post and apologize . Roskomnadzor and the Ministry of Digital Development then moved to make the remaining Russia-based platforms such as the search engine Yandex, social media VK, and online market Ozon block users who use their internet services while employing VPNs.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 232, "end": 240, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 322, "end": 329, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 365, "end": 373, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 382, "end": 393, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pavel Durov"}, {"start": 434, "end": 444, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "65 million"}, {"start": 457, "end": 463, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 474, "end": 482, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 483, "end": 492, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 615, "end": 619, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 623, "end": 629, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 718, "end": 729, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialists"}, {"start": 893, "end": 897, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 994, "end": 1025, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Digital Development"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1065, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1129, "end": 1131, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "VK"}]}
{"unique_index": 20985, "source_text": "According to some media sources , having been threatened with measures such as eliminating them from white lists and depriving them of licences to work; they were forced to sign an agreement to comply with those instructions. Despite the possibility that the blockage might damage their businesses and destroy any international strategies they might have, there is evidence that the companies have already started doing just that, despite the fact that most of them have owners and CEOs who are closely connected to the Kremlin. Some investigative journalists have even suggested that some of the remaining platforms bring income to Putin and his friends the Kovalchuk brothers . The companies are now also obliged to spy on their users and pass on the data to the authorities. VPN detection is proposed in three stages : first, companies must determine a user’s IP address; next, they must search for signs of circumvention tools on the device through their own applications; and finally, they are required to check devices running operating systems beyond Android and iOS. It is important to understand, writes The Bell , that this marks a shift from passive internet censorship to active enforcement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 482, "end": 486, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEOs"}, {"start": 548, "end": 559, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 698, "end": 701, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 807, "end": 812, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1058, "end": 1065, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Android"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1073, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "iOS"}]}
{"unique_index": 20986, "source_text": "“In essence, every such application will become spyware,” explains one VPN developer. In other words, any app from a Russian online platform risks becoming similar to Max . Most likely, in the near future, applications linked to Russia will track VPN usage and forward their findings for blocking. This measure is highly effective and difficult to circumvent.” Investigative journalist Andrei Zakharov explains in the Meduza podcast that Alexandra Prokopenko , author of a book about the Russian elites of Putin’s regime, recently wrote that Putin and other old people from the siloviki , are now the ones in control in the Kremlin. Zakharov emphasises that if this group decides there is a threat — imagined or not — they simply shut everything down, as they want to know exactly what Russians think, say, watch and do on the internet. Additional proof that Putin and the siloviki are impressed by AI warfare, is that the Russian leader began to actively speak about AI . Putin spoke at a meeting about the importance of developing Russia’s own LLMs and introducing them in every institution, including the military.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 67, "end": 70, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 75, "end": 84, "label": "JOB", "value": "developer"}, {"start": 229, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 375, "end": 385, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 386, "end": 401, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrei Zakharov"}, {"start": 438, "end": 458, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alexandra Prokopenko"}, {"start": 461, "end": 467, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 593, "end": 596, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 633, "end": 641, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zakharov"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1039, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20987, "source_text": "This sits in stark contrast with the fact that there are constant internet shutdowns, and all access to foreign technological services is blocked. Moreover, because there is such a war on international traffic and VPNs, even access to open source tech innovations like GitHub or Hugging Face would be severely restricted. It's worth noting that Russia has also been using AI technologies in its war on Ukraine, albeit via narrow, niche models with specific objectives. As the Center for Strategic and International Studies notes , Russian developers are using open language models, such as Mistral, Qwen, LLaMA, and YOLO, to create programs for autonomous military platforms with AI elements. These include drones and other unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as guidance and interception systems. Thus, Russia is less dependent on sanctions — the models are openly available — and Russian developers don’t have to create them from scratch; instead, they can build military AI solutions using existing foreign open source development tools. Before the Ukraine war, Russia had an AI development program through 2030 , held hackathons, and created startups.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 345, "end": 351, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 402, "end": 409, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 476, "end": 522, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Center for Strategic and International Studies"}, {"start": 539, "end": 549, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 802, "end": 808, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 888, "end": 898, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1057, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1069, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1108, "end": 1112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}]}
{"unique_index": 20988, "source_text": "Some experts even predicted that Russia, with its powerful mathematical training system and funding for AI development, could become a serious niche player in AI. Now, Putin is speaking of AI again, but with an emphasis on defence, warfare, and sovereignty. There is also the possibility that foreign AI solutions could be blocked in 2027 as part of this new strategy. However, even pre-war AI developments in Russia had mixed consequences. This was highlighted by a recent scandal in which it was discovered — according to an investigation by Le Monde and Forbidden Stories — that Iran acquired Russian company NtechLab’s FindFace facial recognition system to combat protests. The same facial recognition systems had already been in use in Russia before the war with Ukraine. In Moscow, they helped identify protesters , and during the war, they identified conscripts attempting to avoid being sent to the front. Although there is currently no full internet shutdown in Russia in contrast with Iran, and no domestic internet like in North Korea, the Russian version gets closer daily.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 33, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 163, "end": 166, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 334, "end": 338, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 410, "end": 416, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 582, "end": 586, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 612, "end": 631, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NtechLab’s FindFace"}, {"start": 741, "end": 747, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 768, "end": 775, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 780, "end": 786, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 932, "end": 941, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 971, "end": 977, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 995, "end": 999, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1045, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Korea"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1084, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21004, "source_text": "Hungary just held its most consequential election since 1989\n\nOn April 12, 2026, Hungary held one of its most important elections in nearly four decades, widely broadcast for its relevance not just on a domestic scale, but globally. Prior to the polls, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán had enjoyed the endorsement of U.S. President Donald Trump ; he was also on friendly terms with Russian leader Vladimir Putin, and both countries were a topic of conversation in Hungary during the campaign. US Vice President J.D. Vance visited Budapest a few days before the elections, and rumours were circulating about the alleged involvement of Russian counterintelligence in the elections. The choice Hungarians needed to make was between the incumbent FIDESZ party, which had led the country for the past 16 years, and the TISZA party, which emerged two years ago. In the eyes of voters, though, that choice boiled down to either Russia or the European Union (EU).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hungary just held its most consequential election since 1989"}, {"start": 65, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 12, 2026"}, {"start": 81, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 140, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four decades"}, {"start": 253, "end": 267, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 268, "end": 280, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Viktor Orbán"}, {"start": 312, "end": 316, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 317, "end": 326, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 327, "end": 339, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 392, "end": 406, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vladimir Putin"}, {"start": 412, "end": 416, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 459, "end": 466, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 488, "end": 490, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 491, "end": 505, "label": "JOB", "value": "Vice President"}, {"start": 506, "end": 516, "label": "PERSON", "value": "J.D. Vance"}, {"start": 536, "end": 551, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few days before"}, {"start": 786, "end": 799, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past 16 years"}, {"start": 836, "end": 849, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years ago"}, {"start": 916, "end": 922, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 930, "end": 944, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 946, "end": 948, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}]}
{"unique_index": 21005, "source_text": "Orbán had criticised the EU for years and formed a close relationship with Moscow, as per the voice recording that emerged of Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó. TISZA leader Péter Magyar, on the other hand, painted a pro-EU picture to citizens, promising to chage back all the autocratic changes to institutions in Hungary which were done by Orban and his party previously, including the judiciary and media's dependence on the ruling party. Election turnout, meanwhile, was at an all-time high of 79.5 percent . The polls closed at 7 p.m. local time; by around 9 p.m., Magyar posted that Orbán had called him and congratulated him on his win. From that moment, the only question was by what margin of victory. It soon became evident that the voter turnout would not be the only historic thing about this election; TISZA ended up collecting a two-thirds majority — a strong sign that Hungarians want to belong in Europe and work with the EU. The result has left Russia without a strong foothold in Europe.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 25, "end": 27, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 75, "end": 81, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 126, "end": 142, "label": "JOB", "value": "Foreign Minister"}, {"start": 143, "end": 158, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Péter Szijjártó"}, {"start": 173, "end": 185, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Péter Magyar"}, {"start": 220, "end": 222, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 314, "end": 321, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 497, "end": 501, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "79.5"}, {"start": 532, "end": 538, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7 p.m."}, {"start": 561, "end": 567, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9 p.m."}, {"start": 569, "end": 575, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Magyar"}, {"start": 588, "end": 593, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 912, "end": 918, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 937, "end": 939, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 961, "end": 967, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1003, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}]}
{"unique_index": 21006, "source_text": "At about 11 p.m. on election night, Péter Magyar delivered a lengthy speech in which promised to end the divide he says FIDESZ installed in Hungary. He also asked longstanding political players dependent on or closely connected to Orbán to step down so that a new era could begin. Among these, he identified the President of the Curia, President of the Constitutional Court, Prosecutor General, President of the State Audit Office, President of the Hungarian Competition Authority, President of the Media Authority, President of the National Office for the Judiciary, and the President of Hungary Tamás Sulyok, whom he encouraged to convene the inaugural session of the new National Assembly as soon as possible. Magyar also promised to establish a National Asset Recovery Office to investigate the status of lost EU funds as well as overall corruption in the country. The path the country seems to be charting for itself may come with its challenges, but the strengthening of the Hungarian Forint once the election results were confirmed offers hope.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11 p.m."}, {"start": 36, "end": 48, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Péter Magyar"}, {"start": 140, "end": 147, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 231, "end": 236, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 312, "end": 321, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 336, "end": 345, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 353, "end": 373, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Constitutional Court"}, {"start": 375, "end": 393, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prosecutor General"}, {"start": 395, "end": 404, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 412, "end": 430, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Audit Office"}, {"start": 432, "end": 441, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 449, "end": 480, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hungarian Competition Authority"}, {"start": 482, "end": 491, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 499, "end": 514, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Media Authority"}, {"start": 516, "end": 525, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 533, "end": 548, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Office"}, {"start": 576, "end": 585, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 589, "end": 596, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 597, "end": 609, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tamás Sulyok"}, {"start": 674, "end": 691, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 713, "end": 719, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Magyar"}, {"start": 749, "end": 779, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Asset Recovery Office"}, {"start": 814, "end": 816, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}]}
{"unique_index": 21007, "source_text": "Magyar was very explicit about this in his speech, in which he highlighted that his government will not be perfect, but will give Hungary its best shot. In terms of public sentiment, approximately 30 percent of voters appear to be disappointed — and in disbelief — at the convincing TISZA win. The majority of the population, however, couldn’t be happier with the result: after Magyar’s speech, the capital, Budapest, turned into a massive party . Strangers were hugging and dancing with one another, and many cried as the news broke: the change they had been hoping to come to fruition finally manifested.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Magyar"}, {"start": 130, "end": 137, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 197, "end": 199, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 378, "end": 384, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Magyar"}, {"start": 488, "end": 491, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 505, "end": 509, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21063, "source_text": "AI-ready data centers are booming in Indonesia but water woes loom\n\nThe rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) led to a surge in the establishment of data centers across Indonesia, but several stakeholders have raised concerns about its impact on the local water supply. The rapid growth of generative AI is expected to generate USD 243.5 billion in economic production capacity, which is equivalent to around 18 percent of Indonesia’s 2022 gross domestic product. To unlock this potential, it requires resources to build AI-ready data centers. “Data centers are not just technological infrastructure; they are the key to creating a new AI-driven economy and enabling inclusive digital transformation,” said Dharma Simorangkir, president director of Microsoft Indonesia. As of April 2026, there are 170 data centers in the country. This number is bound to increase after Singapore, a major digital hub in Southeast Asia, imposes stricter requirements on data center investments. Cities near Singapore, like Johor in Malaysia and Batam in Indonesia, have attracted data center investments to cater to the high demand for AI-related infrastructure in the region.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI-ready data centers are booming in Indonesia but water woes loom"}, {"start": 168, "end": 177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 183, "end": 190, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 331, "end": 344, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "243.5 billion"}, {"start": 408, "end": 410, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 422, "end": 431, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 434, "end": 438, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 706, "end": 724, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharma Simorangkir"}, {"start": 726, "end": 735, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 736, "end": 744, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 748, "end": 757, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 758, "end": 767, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 775, "end": 785, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 797, "end": 800, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "170"}, {"start": 869, "end": 878, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 903, "end": 917, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 989, "end": 998, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1022, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1045, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21064, "source_text": "But accompanying this positive economic prospect is the concern that it could also cause some harm in communities because data centers require massive amounts of water. Data centers need large air-conditioning units and advanced liquid-cooling systems to operate. DataCenterBoom!, which monitors the social impact of data centers, noted in a report that a medium-sized data center consumes approximately 300,000 gallons of water per day (110 million gallons per year), equivalent to the annual water consumption of approximately 1,000 households. In Indonesia, nearly half of the 170 data centers are located in hot places. This means their excessive consumption of water could undermine public access to this essential resource. In 2025, the Media Monitoring Repository on AI Incidents in Indonesia recorded six cases involving data centers linked to database leaks, performance failures, and excessive energy consumption. The situation in Batam could illustrate how the rise of data centers has exacerbated the city’s water problems.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 264, "end": 278, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "DataCenterBoom"}, {"start": 404, "end": 411, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300,000"}, {"start": 438, "end": 449, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "110 million"}, {"start": 529, "end": 534, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 550, "end": 559, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 568, "end": 572, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 580, "end": 583, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "170"}, {"start": 733, "end": 737, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 743, "end": 770, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Media Monitoring Repository"}, {"start": 790, "end": 799, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 809, "end": 812, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}]}
{"unique_index": 21065, "source_text": "There are 18 data centers at the Batam Industrial Complex, and similar facilities have been approved to turn the shipbuilding and manufacturing hub into a regional digital powerhouse. Researcher Rezza Aji Pratama has written about the resource requirements for data center investments in Batam. At the Kabil Industrial Park, new data centers will need 56 megawatts and up to 3 million liters of water per day for cooling, which is enough to meet the daily needs of around 30,000 people. The proposed nine data centers in Nongsa Digital Park will need a load capacity of 285 megawatts and around 29 million liters of water per day. The existing and the planned data centers would consume around eight percent of Batam’s water supply. A tech company has this message on its website promoting data centers in Batam. “With access to renewable energy sources, abundant water supply, and strict environmental regulations, Batam is embracing sustainable development.” But Batam has consistently faced water woes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 12, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 184, "end": 194, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researcher"}, {"start": 195, "end": 212, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rezza Aji Pratama"}, {"start": 302, "end": 323, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kabil Industrial Park"}, {"start": 352, "end": 354, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "56"}, {"start": 375, "end": 384, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3 million"}, {"start": 450, "end": 455, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 472, "end": 478, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30,000"}, {"start": 500, "end": 504, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "nine"}, {"start": 521, "end": 540, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nongsa Digital Park"}, {"start": 570, "end": 573, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "285"}, {"start": 595, "end": 605, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29 million"}, {"start": 694, "end": 699, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}]}
{"unique_index": 21066, "source_text": "In September 2024, a local protest demanded that authorities address how the data centers are reducing the water supply in their communities. Uba Ingan Sigalingging of the Gerakan Bersama Rakyat summed up the water problem in Batam in a media interview. The situation of water congestion in Batam is currently like a lottery, it’s just a matter of waiting for which housing won’t receive water today. I think the people of Batam have been too patient in facing this problem, the demonstration earlier was the peak and the condition will only get hotter in the future. In December 2024, dozens of residents from the Teluk Mata Ikan fishing village gathered in front of data center facilities at the Nongsa Digital Park and protested the uninterrupted flow of water in the tech complex while their communities suffer from constant water shortages. Authorities immediately resolved the issue and attributed the problem to a “technical glitch” that disrupted the water distribution.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2024"}, {"start": 300, "end": 309, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 394, "end": 399, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 571, "end": 584, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2024"}, {"start": 586, "end": 592, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 698, "end": 717, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nongsa Digital Park"}]}
{"unique_index": 21067, "source_text": "The water situation is a reminder to balance Batam’s aggressive push to become a digital center by addressing the basic needs of the local population. “We are not opposed to development, but the local government must carefully balance industrial expansion with environmental sustainability,” environmentalist Gari Dafit Semet said in an interview with Channel News Asia. In an interview with Jakarta Post, Hotmauli Sidabalok, researcher at Yayasan Amerta Air Indonesia, warned that failure to address the concern on water scarcity could lead to environmental injustice. The situation may lead to environmental injustice. Human needs, with water being a basic necessity, compete with the demands of data centers. Not to mention the broader implications for ecosystem inequality. This becomes even more concerning in the context of climate change, which is already contributing to increasing water scarcity. As AI becomes more widespread, Indonesia can benefit from tech investments, but the concern about the excessive resource use of data centers is a reminder that the principles of sustainability and justice should guide the policies and practices of authorities and all stakeholders.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 309, "end": 325, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gari Dafit Semet"}, {"start": 352, "end": 369, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Channel News Asia"}, {"start": 392, "end": 404, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Jakarta Post"}, {"start": 406, "end": 424, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hotmauli Sidabalok"}, {"start": 426, "end": 436, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 440, "end": 468, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Yayasan Amerta Air Indonesia"}, {"start": 937, "end": 946, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21068, "source_text": "For AI to work for us, it will have to stop pretending to be us\n\nMy work constantly pushes me to interrogate new technologies, to ask how they are designed, who they are built for, how they are governed, who benefits from them, and who is left to deal with the consequences on their own. That scepticism has made me a late adopter of new technology more times than I can count. Last year, I seriously started questioning whether an ethical and feminist AI is even possible. Could there be a version of this technology that allows us, as feminists and human rights advocates, to engage with it without compromising our politics or our commitment to defending intersectional human rights? That hesitation and that lack of urgency to jump onto every new tech trend come from years of watching how tech companies operate. Again and again, they have established that their primary commitment is to their business models, not to the people using their platforms. “Senator, we run ads,” as Mark Zuckerberg once said. But beyond the statements that go viral, there are also those said in closed meetings.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "For AI to work for us, it will have to stop pretending to be us"}, {"start": 378, "end": 387, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last year"}, {"start": 557, "end": 573, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights advocates"}, {"start": 958, "end": 965, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senator"}]}
{"unique_index": 21069, "source_text": "For example, I recently asked a tech company representative at a rights conference how their social media platform differentiates between harmful and harmless engagement when serving ads. They told me, “I encourage people to read our terms of service.” The assumption that people have not read these documents, especially in a room where everyone has spent years interrogating the business models of tech companies, told me how little appetite there is for meaningful engagement and transparency, let alone accountability. So when I question whether AI can ever be ethical or feminist, even in some alternate timeline, it doesn’t come from cynicism for the sake of it, but from years of watching patterns repeat. The promises to do better, the carefully crafted language of responsibility, the performance of listening, none of it has meaningfully shifted how these systems are built or who they serve. If anything, it has made clearer that when it comes to protecting our rights, we are largely on our own. No government or tech company is coming to defend them for us or with us.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 59, "label": "JOB", "value": "representative"}]}
{"unique_index": 21070, "source_text": "So when we talk about a human rights approach to AI, it means confronting and dismantling the systems that are intentionally built to serve power, not people, and refusing to accept that this is the only way these technologies can exist. Challenging the tech status quo This proposal starts from a place we must not ignore: tech is not neutral. It actively reinforces the same patriarchal and colonial power structures that many of us have been living under for generations — a powerful entity (in this case, a tech corporation) will dictate what people’s social interactions will look like, and the public will comply without question. These systems are designed by specific actors, in specific locations, with very particular worldviews. So it matters who is building them, who is controlling them, where they are being built, who gets to define what counts as a “gold standard,” and who is expected to fall in line for these systems to continue to work uninterrupted. All of this shapes how power is exercised over both narratives and lives. One of the first things we need to be honest about is that tech has never been neutral.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1018, "end": 1022, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21071, "source_text": "That idea has always been more of a marketing strategy that many of us have fallen for, because every system carries the values, priorities and biases of the people and institutions that build it. And AI is no different, as it is built on infrastructure and trained on data that reflects the world as it is, i.e. unequal, biased and often violent, and then it reproduces those patterns at a larger scale, with a layer of authority that makes them harder to question. Take training data, for instance. These systems are fed enormous amounts of information scraped from the internet, from public records to everyday interactions we don’t even realise we’re part of. And that data is shaped by histories of exclusion, racism, sexism and economic inequality. When AI learns from that, it encodes them, sometimes amplifies them, and then presents them back to us as if they are neutral outputs. Content that is labelled as “intelligent” is often just a more efficient way of repeating what already exists. Then there are corporate biases, which are far less subtle. The companies building these systems are not public institutions with their own biases; rather, they are profit-driven entities with shareholders and growth targets.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21072, "source_text": "That shapes everything, from what problems are worth solving to how quickly systems are deployed, often without fully understanding their consequences. Whose lands are going to be acquired for vast data centres that leave lasting ecological impact but increase shareholder value, whose knowledge is going to be stolen and appropriated for the corporate race to develop the most advanced AI model, whose life will have to be labelled “collateral damage” in the war to be precise, who will be pushed into silence and invisibility by being loud about the innovation that these systems promise? All of this leads to inequality becoming harder to trace because it is hidden behind layers of algorithms, code, automation, complexity and carefully crafted marketing strategy. The digital world extends the problems of the physical one, often in ways that are more difficult to see and challenge. And perhaps most troubling is the way AI contributes to the growing sense of dehumanisation. In militarised contexts, especially, people are reduced to data points, targets to be identified, tracked and eliminated within seconds. Decisions that carry life-and-death consequences are increasingly mediated through systems that do not understand context, history or humanity.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21073, "source_text": "The reduction of humans to inputs and outputs, signals to be processed, targets to be achieved, makes the harms easier to justify in reports and briefings. The deaths and destruction become a success rate, and people are reduced to just numbers on file, which is a deliberate political choice about how we value human life. It can’t be us All of this also feeds into a growing narrative that AI will eventually replace humans. But if we take a step back and look at the reality, this idea starts to fall apart. What AI can do is recognise patterns, process large amounts of data, generate responses that feel convincing, and replicate a tone that feels human. What AI cannot do is be human. It cannot understand context in the way we live it, feel care, hold relationships, or carry the weight of lived experience. The replication of patterns to depict human-like connection is not the same as human connection. It doesn’t come from understanding or empathy; instead, it comes from predictions that are just statistical guesses based on what data has been fed into the system.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21074, "source_text": "And when we start treating that as equivalent to human interaction, we end up devaluing what it actually means to relate to one another. Care work, community building, resistance, empathy, joy, showing up for each other — these are not functions you can automate. Even the idea of “conscious” AI, which keeps resurfacing in tech conversations, is often just a rebranding of more complex prediction systems. At the end of the day, these models are still generating outputs based on probabilities shaped by the data. They don’t know what they’re saying, nor do they understand the consequences, because they don’t carry responsibility towards another being. That distinction matters, especially when these systems are being positioned as decision-makers in areas that significantly affect people’s lives. And perhaps that’s where this connects back to the bigger issue. When we start to believe that humans can be replaced, it becomes easier to accept systems that already treat people as data points, whether it’s in research, hiring, policing, health care, welfare or warfare. The same logic that reduces people to inputs also makes them disposable.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 124, "end": 127, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21075, "source_text": "So pushing back against this narrative is about holding on to the idea that human lives, empathy, experiences, realities and relationships cannot be reduced to something a machine can simulate and optimise. If we are serious about even imagining a human rights approach to AI, we first have to let go of this idea that technology can replace us, or can be prioritised over us, or can define what it means to be human. It can’t, and it shouldn’t. Because everything this technology draws from — land, environment, resources, time, energy, entire ecosystems — comes from a world that exists for the living beings — humans, flora, fauna — that have inhabited it since long before any of these systems were even conceptualised. Reframing that relationship means recognising that AI should never come at the cost of life or dignity, or the conditions that make life possible in the first place. Need for accountability However, the responsibility of protecting the world we live in cannot be pushed onto the very people who have the least power to shape these technologies.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21076, "source_text": "Right now, decisions are being made in rooms that most of us will never have access to, and still, we are the ones expected to live with the consequences. A human rights approach means challenging that imbalance and insisting that accountability sits where power does. And maybe that also means we should be sceptical from the very beginning, not after harm has already been done, but at the point where these technologies are introduced and commercialised. It is in our interest to ask uncomfortable questions early on, like where does this come from, who built it, how does it work, and who actually benefits from it? Because without that, we end up accepting these systems as if they were inevitable, instead of seeing them for what they are: choices. And in doing so, we lose sight of the fundamental idea that the future should be built around living beings, and not optimised for machines. Hija Kamran (she/her) is the lead editor of GenderIT.org and advocacy strategist within APC’s Women’s Rights Programme. Through her policy and campaign work, she specialises in the intersection of technology, gender and human rights.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 9, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 896, "end": 907, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hija Kamran"}, {"start": 930, "end": 936, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 984, "end": 1014, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "APC’s Women’s Rights Programme"}]}
{"unique_index": 21121, "source_text": "The technological transformation of Colombia's armed conflict\n\nArtificial intelligence (AI) does not act neutrally in contexts of war. In Colombia, it is gradually gaining importance, amplifying inequalities, accelerating disinformation, and reconfiguring violence. Through five cases reported by local media, this article explores how accessible technologies are reconfiguring different dimensions of Colombia's armed conflict which, despite several peace processes, has persisted for over 60 years due to the presence of multiple non-state armed groups, illegal economies, and deep regional inequalities. More than simply a uniform adoption of artificial intelligence, a technological innovation has emerged that is transforming not only the battlefield, but also decision-making processes, local narratives, and forms of social control. Low-cost drones In several regions of Colombia, since 2024, non-state armed groups have been using modified commercial drones in rudimentary ways to attack police stations and military positions with explosives, leaving hundreds of uniformed personnel injured or killed . While these devices do not incorporate AI, their use reflects the ability of armed actors with limited resources to adapt accessible technologies and thereby change the tactical balance of power.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 61, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The technological transformation of Colombia's armed conflict"}, {"start": 138, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 274, "end": 278, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 402, "end": 410, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 443, "end": 450, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 491, "end": 499, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "60 years"}, {"start": 859, "end": 866, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 878, "end": 886, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 894, "end": 898, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1060, "end": 1068, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}]}
{"unique_index": 21122, "source_text": "In more sophisticated and scale-produced systems, as seen in the war in Ukraine and in conflicts linked to Iran, drones are part of more complex military strategies. In the Colombian context, though, use of drones represents an intermediate stage — a war still conducted by humans, but approaching forms of automation that could integrate more sophisticated algorithmic tools in the future. More sophisticated anti-drone systems The transformation of the battlefield with the use of low-cost drones has forced a technological response from the state. Since 2025, the Colombian government has been creating a “ national anti-drone shield ” — a complex technological architecture that combines multiple capacities : specialized sensors capable of detecting drones and differentiating them from birds or aircraft; technologies such as micro-Doppler to identify moving objects; radio frequency systems that locate and block the signal between the drone and its operator; and both electronic and physical neutralizating mechanisms. This hybrid platform, with its combination of physical sensors, data processing algorithms, and human decision-making, is gradually redefining how threats are detected, evaluated, and responded to.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 72, "end": 79, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 107, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 557, "end": 561, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 971, "end": 975, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21123, "source_text": "Algorithms that map risks and operations Security institutions have started to incorporate AI tools to guide operational action , based on data analysis that allows them to identify risks and anticipate threats. The Police Service Model, adopted in 2024, proposes a “ focused and differentiated ” deployment based on real-time data analysis to identify crime hotspots. This approach has also been adopted by the military. Reports by the Colombian Aerospace Force point to the use of surveillance and reconnaissance systems that integrate advanced sensors and data processing to build risk models in conflict zones, facilitating the most accurate deployment of capabilities on the ground and in the air. These systems do not operate autonomously; rather, they structure the map on which action is taken. In a context characterized by regional inequalities and limited data quality , the promise of greater efficiency in security comes with the risk of reproducing existing biases and intensifying surveillance in stigmatized areas, while others remain invisible. Manipulating narratives In 2023, local media documented the increasing use of AI to mislead people in sensitive political contexts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 216, "end": 236, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Police Service Model"}, {"start": 249, "end": 253, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 437, "end": 462, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Colombian Aerospace Force"}, {"start": 1089, "end": 1093, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}]}
{"unique_index": 21124, "source_text": "During the regional elections in October, which saw local power disputes in areas affected by armed groups, artificially generated audio messages began to be shared using the voices of election candidates, to attack or benefit their campaigns. That November, videos with AI-generated avatars pretending to be doctors, long-term patients, and military personnel calling for protests against the government, were shared online. This sophisticated production of fake voices and images can alter public perception and influence security decisions, stigmatize communities, and legitimize measures of control. The social basis of algorithmic control Community groups on social media that work — in theory — to share security alerts, have been co-opted by non-state armed groups to share photographs and profiles of community leaders, accusing them of collaborating with rival groups or with the government. This tends to happen mainly in closed WhatsApp groups created by residents under pressure from armed actors, where intimidating messages and unsubstantiated accusations are being shared. On Facebook, anonymous or fake profiles amplify this content.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 309, "end": 316, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 809, "end": 826, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leaders"}, {"start": 939, "end": 947, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 1091, "end": 1099, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}]}
{"unique_index": 21125, "source_text": "These digital blacklists , linked to threats, forced displacement and targeted killings, are the basis of a system of control that could be accelerated and automated by AI. These cases demonstrate how AI is gradually being introduced into the Colombian armed conflict, where accessible technologies, data analysis, and partial automation reinforce and amplify pre-existing structures of violence. They make surveillance more efficient, disinformation faster, and state intervention potentially more unequal. In this context, the risk is not only that the conflict evolves into a war dominated by autonomous systems; the most immediate danger is that these tools end up reinforcing the same regional and social disparities that have fuelled violence for decades .", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21156, "source_text": "Climate change: What Africa must demand at COP31 in Antalya\n\nJust months before the 31st United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31), in Antalya, Turkey, in November 2026, governments, financial institutions, and international organizations are at a vital stage in their preparations. Now is the best time to determine the most important issues, as there will be significantly less room for maneuver once the conference begins. The question is, what strategy, priorities, and negotiating power will Africa bring to the table at COP31? In Northern Togo, farmers no longer speak of seasons, but surprises. Rain appears unexpectedly and disappears when the seeds are planted. Harvests are failing, and families are migrating. According to the National Meteorological Agency of Togo (ANAMET) , 2024 was marred by severe droughts, resulting in significant crop losses and leaving some farmers unable to repay their loans. However, Togo isn’t alone. According to the World Meteorological Organization’s State of the Climate in Africa 2024 report , floods and landslides killed hundreds of people and displaced more than 700,000 others in Kenya, Tanzania, and Burundi between March and May 2024. Based on a global disaster database (EM-DAT), an analysis by the Indian magazine Down To Earth found that 2021–2025 was the deadliest period in Africa in 15 years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Climate change: What Africa must demand at COP31 in Antalya"}, {"start": 89, "end": 103, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 142, "end": 149, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Antalya"}, {"start": 162, "end": 175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2026"}, {"start": 290, "end": 293, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 504, "end": 510, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 552, "end": 556, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 558, "end": 565, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 745, "end": 783, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Meteorological Agency of Togo"}, {"start": 785, "end": 791, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ANAMET"}, {"start": 795, "end": 799, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 885, "end": 892, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 931, "end": 935, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 966, "end": 999, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Meteorological Organization"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1032, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1037, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1084, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 1119, "end": 1126, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "700,000"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 1144, "end": 1152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tanzania"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1165, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Burundi"}, {"start": 1174, "end": 1192, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March and May 2024"}, {"start": 1275, "end": 1288, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Down To Earth"}, {"start": 1300, "end": 1304, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 1305, "end": 1309, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1338, "end": 1344, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1348, "end": 1356, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 years"}]}
{"unique_index": 21157, "source_text": "Extreme weather events affected more than 221 million people, and disaster-related deaths more than tripled compared to the previous reporting period . Meanwhile, thousands of miles away, diplomats are negotiating legislation that will take years to have an impact on these dried-out lands. Africa must make every effort to bridge the gap between this crisis on the ground and the slow-paced negotiations when COP31 begins. Although this is the continent that emits the least greenhouse gases globally, it continues to experience the most severe consequences . With a unified voice and a finely tuned strategy, this fundamental injustice must yield precise demands. A conference under high geopolitical tension This conference will take place under unique circumstances. In January 2026, the United States, the world’s second-largest emitter, officially withdrew its signature from the 2015 Paris Agreement and announced its withdrawal from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), weakening the multilateral climate architecture. Yet, the last three years have been the warmest ever recorded, with current projections suggesting a 2.8 degree Celcius warming by 2100, almost double the Paris Objective.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 42, "end": 53, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "221 million"}, {"start": 163, "end": 172, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 188, "end": 197, "label": "JOB", "value": "diplomats"}, {"start": 291, "end": 297, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 774, "end": 786, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 792, "end": 805, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 886, "end": 890, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 891, "end": 906, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Paris Agreement"}, {"start": 945, "end": 998, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1083, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last three years"}, {"start": 1159, "end": 1162, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.8"}, {"start": 1189, "end": 1193, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2100"}]}
{"unique_index": 21158, "source_text": "These circumstances leave millions more people vulnerable to food insecurity, rising sea levels, vector-borne diseases, and forced displacement. While Turkey will host the conference itself, Australia will act as the President of Negotiations , an unprecedented diplomatic arrangement in COP history. For Africa, this unique architecture provides an opportunity. Australia, committed to issues affecting small island states and vulnerable countries , could be an obvious ally if this continent can build opportune alliances. Four battles Africa must fight in Antalya Africa is facing four primary challenges. Turning the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (NCQG), adopted by leaders in November 2024, into tangible financing is its first battle. This agreement requires an annual mobilization of at least USD 1.3 billion for developing countries by 2035 , with a minimum of USD 300 billion from developed countries annually. In theory, this is a step forward, but in reality, recent history prompts caution. The previous objective of USD 100 billion per year, pledged in Copenhagen in 2009 for 2020, was achieved only in 2022, two years after the deadline, and consisted mostly of loan arrangements.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 26, "end": 34, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 191, "end": 200, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 217, "end": 226, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 305, "end": 311, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 363, "end": 372, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 525, "end": 529, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Four"}, {"start": 538, "end": 544, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 559, "end": 566, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Antalya"}, {"start": 567, "end": 573, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 584, "end": 588, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 609, "end": 651, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Turning the New Collective Quantified Goal"}, {"start": 701, "end": 714, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2024"}, {"start": 824, "end": 835, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.3 billion"}, {"start": 864, "end": 868, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2035"}, {"start": 893, "end": 904, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300 billion"}, {"start": 930, "end": 938, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1064, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100 billion"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1104, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1136, "end": 1140, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 1142, "end": 1157, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years after"}]}
{"unique_index": 21159, "source_text": "However, African countries estimated their climate needs at USD 2.8 trillion for 2020–2030, with the international community covering a USD 2.5 trillion deficit, leaving a vast gap between these pledges and real-world needs. In Antalya, Africa must demand three specific things: the NCQG’s implementation by the set deadline, a significant increase in the share of grants over loans, and the introduction of transparent and independent monitoring mechanisms. Making adaptation a budgetary priority is its second battle. Obtaining more financing will be insufficient if it continues to go where Africa needs it least. Climate financing has historically prioritized mitigation over adaptation. For seven years, 59 percent of the financing approved by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in Africa has gone towards mitigation projects, compared to only 41 percent for adaptation. As Africa, a low emitter, needs to adapt to the effects of climate change that it didn’t cause as a matter of priority, this disparity is all the more paradoxical. At COP31, the Global Goal on Adaptation should get underway. This means that merely saying adaptation is a priority will no longer suffice.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 76, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.8 trillion"}, {"start": 81, "end": 85, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 86, "end": 90, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 140, "end": 152, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.5 trillion"}, {"start": 228, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Antalya"}, {"start": 237, "end": 243, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 256, "end": 261, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 594, "end": 600, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 696, "end": 707, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven years"}, {"start": 709, "end": 711, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "59"}, {"start": 753, "end": 771, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Green Climate Fund"}, {"start": 773, "end": 776, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GCF"}, {"start": 781, "end": 787, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 843, "end": 845, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "41"}, {"start": 873, "end": 879, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21160, "source_text": "It will be necessary to carefully evaluate the aid people actually receive and address any disparities. Africa must insist that at least 50 percent of climate financing be allocated to adaptation, in line with commitments under the Paris Agreement. Otherwise, Northern Togo’s farmers will continue to wait for rain that never comes, while climate financing funds renewable energy projects in wealthier countries. Aligning the Third Generation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC 3.0) with conditional financing is the third battle. Financing is ultimately fundamental to these national commitments. The new generation of Nationally Determined Contributions, submitted in 2025 for the period up to 2035, will be the focus of discussion in Antalya. They are part of the third revision cycle set out in the Paris Agreement, which requires each country to raise its climate ambitions in successive cycles. This time, the stakes are particularly high. The COP28 Global Stocktake revealed that current commitments are insufficient to keep warming below 1.5 degrees Celcius. Each country must therefore submit revised action plans that are more ambitious and effective. For African countries, this assignment is politically and technically difficult.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 104, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 137, "end": 139, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 232, "end": 247, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Paris Agreement"}, {"start": 269, "end": 273, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 276, "end": 283, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 487, "end": 490, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.0"}, {"start": 679, "end": 683, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 705, "end": 709, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2035"}, {"start": 746, "end": 753, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Antalya"}, {"start": 812, "end": 827, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Paris Agreement"}, {"start": 1055, "end": 1058, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5"}]}
{"unique_index": 21161, "source_text": "Presenting high ambitions without guaranteed financing to make them possible means making commitments whose fulfillment depends entirely on the will of others. Take, for example, Togo. Its revised NDC pledges a 50.57 percent reduction in emissions by 2030 , but only with international support. Without external financing, this commitment falls to 20.51 percent . This isn’t due to a lack of political will, but a structural economic reality that almost all African countries face. Demanding ambitious NDCs without guaranteed conditional financing to make them possible is like asking someone to run a marathon without shoes. In Antalya, Africa must ensure that the final decisions include an explicit and binding link between the NDCs’ level of ambition and the guaranteed corresponding conditional financing. Ambition cannot be one-sided. Having a bearing on global climate governance is Africa’s fourth battle. The last three battles can only be won if Africa plays an effective part in the decision-making. However, 2026 is a pivotal year for this continent in global climate architecture. In 2027, COP32 will take place in Ethiopia, giving the continent a COP Presidency it must prepare for now.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 179, "end": 183, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 211, "end": 216, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50.57"}, {"start": 251, "end": 255, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 348, "end": 353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20.51"}, {"start": 629, "end": 636, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Antalya"}, {"start": 638, "end": 644, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 890, "end": 896, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 923, "end": 928, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 956, "end": 962, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1024, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 1128, "end": 1136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 1196, "end": 1199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21162, "source_text": "Now is the time to build alliances, refine common positions, and show that Africa can negotiate, not just observe. Various initiatives are already underway, demonstrating an increased awareness. In Dakar, from February 9 to 13, 2026, the African Institute for Economic Development and Planning (IDEP) and the Center of Excellence for Leadership and Management for Africa’s Development (CELMAD) have trained diplomats and senior government officials from 14 African countries in economic and climate diplomacy, specifically for COP31. Karima Bounemra Ben Soltane, Director of IDEP, emphasized: L’Afrique fait face à un paradoxe : des émissions minimales, un impact maximal. Cette formation est un investissement dans les diplomates qui transformeront notre vulnérabilité en plaidoyer. Africa is facing a paradox : the lowest emissions, yet the greatest impact. This training is an investment in diplomats who will turn our vulnerabilities into advocacy. At this event, every decision or compromise will directly affect millions of people without representatives at the negotiating table. Although Africa neither lacks legitimacy, arguments, nor data to defend an ambitious agenda at COP31, what it sometimes lacks is coordination. In Antalya, as elsewhere, Africa can no longer go empty-handed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 75, "end": 81, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 210, "end": 220, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 9"}, {"start": 224, "end": 226, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 228, "end": 232, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 238, "end": 293, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Institute for Economic Development and Planning"}, {"start": 295, "end": 299, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IDEP"}, {"start": 309, "end": 384, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Center of Excellence for Leadership and Management for Africa’s Development"}, {"start": 386, "end": 392, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CELMAD"}, {"start": 407, "end": 416, "label": "JOB", "value": "diplomats"}, {"start": 454, "end": 456, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 534, "end": 561, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Karima Bounemra Ben Soltane"}, {"start": 563, "end": 571, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 575, "end": 579, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IDEP"}, {"start": 784, "end": 790, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 894, "end": 903, "label": "JOB", "value": "diplomats"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1026, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1060, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1233, "end": 1240, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Antalya"}, {"start": 1256, "end": 1262, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21195, "source_text": "Educating for climate resilience: Anil Adhikari on conservation and community action in Nepal\n\nAnil Adhikari is a Nepali conservation educator, author, and journalist dedicated to promoting grassroots environmental awareness. For more than two decades, he has developed school-based programs across Nepal, using storytelling, illustrated books, and community engagement to teach children about wildlife, forests, and ecosystems. His work connects conservation education with community resilience, helping young people understand their role in protecting natural resources in the face of the climate crisis. He is the founder of the non-profit organization Teka Samuha Nepal , which implements the Community-Based Snow Leopard Conservation Program (CBSLCP) in the Himalayas. He has also served as an editor of The Snow Leopard Magazine and received the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Nepal Conservation Award in 2024 . Anil has authored several conservation education books that emphasize climate resilience and adaptation through storytelling and extracurricular activities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Educating for climate resilience: Anil Adhikari on conservation and community action in Nepal"}, {"start": 95, "end": 108, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anil Adhikari"}, {"start": 144, "end": 150, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 156, "end": 166, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 240, "end": 251, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades"}, {"start": 299, "end": 304, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 617, "end": 624, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 668, "end": 673, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 697, "end": 746, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Community-Based Snow Leopard Conservation Program"}, {"start": 748, "end": 754, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CBSLCP"}, {"start": 799, "end": 805, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 813, "end": 834, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Snow Leopard Magazine"}, {"start": 852, "end": 871, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Wildlife Fund"}, {"start": 873, "end": 876, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "WWF"}, {"start": 878, "end": 883, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 906, "end": 910, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 913, "end": 917, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anil"}, {"start": 931, "end": 938, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21196, "source_text": "Sangita Swechcha of Global Voices interviewed Anil Adhikari via email to learn more about his work in conservation education, his efforts to engage children and communities in environmental awareness, and the role of grassroots initiatives in building climate resilience in Nepal. Sangita Swechcha (SS): Nepal is increasingly affected by climate change — from shifting weather patterns to impacts on forests and wildlife. How do you see conservation education contributing to climate solutions at the community level? Anil Adhikari (AA): Climate change is already affecting Nepal’s protected areas and biodiversity. For example, unseasonal snowstorms in 2018–2019 across the Himalayas caused the loss of thousands of livestock and likely affected wildlife as well. This phenomenon may have led to shifts in wildlife habitats. From 2012 to 2014, during our annual snow leopard scouts’ monitoring camps in Namu pastureland (4,300 m) in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), our project team — together with students, field rangers, and local stakeholders — regularly observed hundreds of blue sheep, along with clear signs of snow leopards.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 20, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 46, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anil Adhikari"}, {"start": 274, "end": 279, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 281, "end": 297, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 304, "end": 309, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 518, "end": 531, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anil Adhikari"}, {"start": 574, "end": 579, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 654, "end": 658, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 659, "end": 663, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 704, "end": 713, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 831, "end": 835, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2012"}, {"start": 839, "end": 843, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 922, "end": 927, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,300"}, {"start": 938, "end": 965, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Annapurna Conservation Area"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1083, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}]}
{"unique_index": 21197, "source_text": "However, in 2024, we found neither blue sheep nor any signs of snow leopards in the same area. Such changes may be linked to shifting weather patterns and habitat disturbance. In response, our conservation team, working with schools and local partners, promotes conservation education among students in both Himalayan and lowland regions. Through extracurricular activities, we teach the causes and impacts of climate change, preparedness, and practical adaptation measures. Students learn these topics through conservation education books that I have written. We expect them to act as messengers, sharing these ideas with their families and communities, which can support local climate solutions. However, one key challenge remains: ensuring that this knowledge is effectively transferred from students to the wider community. SS: Your work focuses on children and schools. Why is it important to engage young people early when it comes to building climate awareness and resilience? AA: Engaging young people early is important because they are part of the community today and the future caretakers of biodiversity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 303, "end": 307, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 707, "end": 710, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1073, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21198, "source_text": "When they understand the link between nature, climate, and their daily lives, they begin to value coexistence and responsible behavior. In my conservation education books, I use stories , critical thinking exercises, group work, community–school collaborative activities, and games to teach climate awareness and resilience. This approach makes learning simple, practical, and easy to remember. For example, students practice rainwater harvesting during the monsoon season, which helps provide water during dry periods. Through their clubs, they also engage in plantation activities. Students then share these ideas with their families. In this way, education spreads into the community and supports practical climate adaptation and resilience. SS: You emphasize locally led education. How can communities and local governments play a stronger role in linking conservation efforts with climate adaptation? AA: Locally led education becomes most effective when communities and local governments take ownership. In the Community based Snow Leopard Conservation Project (CBSLCP), we supported local governments in including snow leopard conservation in school curricula and textbooks. So far, two out of five local governments have adopted this content.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 65, "end": 70, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1066, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Snow Leopard Conservation Project"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1074, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CBSLCP"}, {"start": 1190, "end": 1205, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two out of five"}]}
{"unique_index": 21199, "source_text": "This helps institutionalize conservation education, making it more sustainable and locally relevant. When local governments integrate such topics into education, it creates a strong link between conservation and climate adaptation. Students learn not only about wildlife but also about changing environments and how to respond. In a book I authored for the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) / World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Nepal, I included a best-practice story on climate change adaptation, highlighting how students in the Himalaya operated simple weather stations to record daily temperatures and observe changes. They shared this information with their communities, helping farmers adjust their harvesting practices. In another book I authored for WWF Nepal, which was published and distributed to students’ environmental clubs, I included activities on reducing, reusing, and recycling waste to support climate action. This kind of locally rooted education connects knowledge with action, strengthens community awareness, and supports practical climate adaptation at the local level. SS: Through your storytelling and school programs, how do you help students understand the connection between protecting wildlife and addressing broader environmental and climate challenges?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 357, "end": 411, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation"}, {"start": 413, "end": 418, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DNPWC"}, {"start": 422, "end": 448, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Wide Fund for Nature"}, {"start": 450, "end": 453, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "WWF"}, {"start": 455, "end": 460, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 610, "end": 615, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 711, "end": 718, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 789, "end": 794, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}]}
{"unique_index": 21200, "source_text": "AA: Through storytelling and school programs, we help students understand that protecting wildlife is closely connected to environmental and climate health. In our conservation education books, we introduce simple ideas, such as planting trees to maintain ecosystems. Students learn that trees absorb carbon dioxide, while forest fires release gases that contribute to climate change. In the CBSLCP project, we take students to snow leopard scouts’ monitoring camps and nature tours, where they observe habitats, prey species, and plantation efforts. With guidance from experts and field rangers, they learn how habitats have changed over time due to climate and human impacts. In addition, students participate in conservation games and storytelling sessions, which make learning engaging and memorable. This combined approach helps them see the direct link between wildlife conservation, healthy ecosystems, and climate solutions, and encourages them to take action in their own communities. SS: What are some practical changes you have seen in communities or schools that demonstrate how education can lead to real climate action? AA: In my experience, education has led to very practical climate action in communities and schools.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21201, "source_text": "One example comes from a red panda conservation book used by thousands of students, which includes a real story about a red panda affected by a forest fire. In one village community, after reading this story, students became aware of the real impact of forest fires on wildlife and the climate. Schools later reported to me that, following this lesson, such practices were greatly reduced, and students themselves began discouraging forest fires in their communities. Another example is rainwater harvesting. In response to increasing drought and water scarcity, a local school began collecting rainwater to support water supply during dry periods. This initiative has improved both awareness and practical adaptation to climate change. SS: What challenges do you face in scaling this kind of locally rooted, climate-focused education across Nepal, especially in remote areas? AA: The main challenge is ensuring that what students learn is shared and practiced within the wider community. Coordination with local governments and consistently scaling the program across different regions remains another major challenge.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 61, "end": 70, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 160, "end": 163, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 678, "end": 682, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 842, "end": 847, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}]}
{"unique_index": 21220, "source_text": "Before the algorithm decides: Queer storytelling as resistance in Nigeria\n\nIn 2020, not long after I released “ìfé,” a film about two women falling in love, the head of Nigeria’s National Film and Video Censors Board went on international news and said that my team and I could be arrested . It wasn’t a vague warning. It was direct and public, delivered on CNN. For many queer filmmakers in Nigeria, it confirmed something we already knew: telling our stories can come with real consequences. But there is another consequence that is less visible. Beyond censorship and risk, there is the question of what happens when these stories never enter the systems that increasingly shape how knowledge is produced. As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more embedded in how information is organised and retrieved, visibility is no longer just about the audience; it is about data. The stories that are publicly available and widely circulated are the ones most likely to be captured in the datasets that train AI systems. What remains hidden or fragmented is far less likely to be included.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 73, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Before the algorithm decides: Queer storytelling as resistance in Nigeria"}, {"start": 78, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 130, "end": 133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 169, "end": 176, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 179, "end": 216, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Film and Video Censors Board"}, {"start": 358, "end": 361, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CNN"}, {"start": 367, "end": 371, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 378, "end": 388, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmakers"}, {"start": 392, "end": 399, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 21221, "source_text": "In contexts like Nigeria, where queer storytelling already exists under constraint, this creates another layer of exclusion. These stories are not only difficult to tell; they are also less likely to be reflected in the systems that will shape how queer life is understood in the future. AI systems do not distinguish between what is absent and what has been actively suppressed. They learn from available data and reproduce those patterns at scale. When queer stories are missing or underrepresented, that absence becomes part of the record. So the question is no longer only about visibility in the present. It is about whether these stories will be legible to the technologies that are already shaping cultural memory. Sometimes, the risks are immediate. In Lagos, police raided the workspace of Olutimileyin Kayode, the organiser of Pride in Lagos, after a report was filed. Not long after, he lost the space; the property owner decided it was too risky to keep them there.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 24, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 799, "end": 818, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Olutimileyin Kayode"}, {"start": 824, "end": 833, "label": "JOB", "value": "organiser"}]}
{"unique_index": 21222, "source_text": "When spaces like these disappear, so do the records they might have produced — records that would otherwise contribute to how queer life is documented and, increasingly, how it is learned by machine systems. Much of this work does not move through formal distribution channels. It circulates through private screenings, password-protected links, film festivals, and word of mouth. Some films are shown once and never released publicly. Others remain incomplete due to limited funding or are deliberately kept small to avoid attention. These are necessary strategies for survival. But they also mean the work remains largely invisible to the data infrastructures that feed AI systems. Distribution itself becomes a negotiation. Filmmaker Chinazaekpere Chukwu took a strategic route with her film “ Ti E Nbo ,” starting with international festivals. After screening at the African International Film Festival in 2023, it was rejected by other Nigerian festivals. It later reached audiences through a streaming partnership in Ghana and gained international recognition. Only then did Nigerian festivals begin to show interest.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 727, "end": 736, "label": "JOB", "value": "Filmmaker"}, {"start": 737, "end": 757, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chinazaekpere Chukwu"}, {"start": 797, "end": 805, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ti E Nbo"}, {"start": 910, "end": 914, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1028, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}]}
{"unique_index": 21223, "source_text": "Her experience reflects a broader pattern: local gatekeepers often respond to international validation before offering visibility at home. For filmmakers whose work does not travel globally, the path becomes even narrower, regardless of how important those stories are. Sometimes, the most effective interventions are quiet. The film “ìfé” portrayed love between two Nigerian women in an ordinary, everyday way — without spectacle or explanation. It did not argue for acceptance; it simply existed. Audiences responded with a kind of recognition rarely seen in local media. The film gained traction online and in the press, offering a rare moment where queer love was presented as part of everyday life. In my work with The Equality Hub , we tried to build on this through EhTv Network, a streaming platform for queer African stories outside state control. It was short-lived because of funding constraints, but it highlighted both the urgency and the difficulty of. building independent platforms for these narratives. We are now reimagining it as an archive and discovery platform.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 143, "end": 153, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmakers"}, {"start": 363, "end": 366, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 773, "end": 785, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EhTv Network"}, {"start": 927, "end": 931, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1030, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21224, "source_text": "This kind of work matters because AI systems are trained on large volumes of publicly available, digitised content. In theory, this creates a broad representation of the world. In practice, it reflects existing inequalities in what gets seen and preserved. For queer storytellers in Nigeria, many narratives never reach that level of visibility. They exist in private archives, limited screenings, or fragmented forms. What enters the public domain is often only a fraction of what exists. When AI systems are trained on incomplete records, they do not just reflect those gaps — they reinforce them. A future user asking about queer life in Nigeria may encounter a version of reality that is partial or missing key perspectives, not because these stories do not exist, but because they were never widely captured. In this way, existing forms of marginalisation are carried forward into new systems. What is missing from the dataset becomes missing from the narrative. Storytelling, then, takes on another layer of importance. In Nigeria, it has long been a way to resist social erasure.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 283, "end": 290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 292, "end": 296, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 641, "end": 648, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1036, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 21225, "source_text": "In the context of AI, it also becomes a way to ensure these stories are documented and accessible in ways that can shape future knowledge. Seen this way, queer storytelling is not only creative work — it is also infrastructural. Each story contributes to what can be known, by whom, and increasingly, by what systems. The challenge is not only to tell these stories, but to ensure they are preserved and made visible in ways that resist both social and algorithmic erasure. AI will not recognise the difference between silence and suppression. It will only learn from what is available. And in a world where so much is filtered, what remains unseen today risks becoming what is remembered tomorrow. So the question is not whether these stories matter. It is whether they will be visible enough to shape what the future remembers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 649, "end": 654, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 689, "end": 697, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "tomorrow"}]}
{"unique_index": 21226, "source_text": "Buea, Cameroon is facing recurring floods despite a lack of rain\n\nClara Efande, a resident of Buea’s Bonduma neighborhood, arrived at her Church on Thursday for her weekly fellowship meeting, but quickly changed her plans after seeing a pool of black water surrounding the building. There had been flooding in some areas in Buea , capital of the South West region , and her church in Bokwai happened to be in one of those areas. Debris-ridden water covered the area from the tarred road to the slope where the wooden church sits. The flooding was not caused by rain but a fast-moving flow of water, volcanic ash, and debris known as a lahar , which descended from Mount Fako into nearby communities on Thursday, April 2, 2026, for the third time in six years. Experts say lahars , mudflows made of volcanic material, occur because loose material on the slopes of an inactive but still changing volcano is washed down amid sudden rainfall after prolonged periods of dryness. Located on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea , Buea, capital of the South West region of Cameroon, is home to the tallest mountain in West Africa, Mount Cameroon, also known as Mount Fako.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 64, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Buea, Cameroon is facing recurring floods despite a lack of rain"}, {"start": 66, "end": 78, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Clara Efande"}, {"start": 94, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea"}, {"start": 148, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Thursday"}, {"start": 165, "end": 171, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weekly"}, {"start": 324, "end": 328, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea"}, {"start": 702, "end": 710, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Thursday"}, {"start": 712, "end": 725, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2, 2026"}, {"start": 749, "end": 758, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six years"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1016, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gulf of Guinea"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1023, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1069, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 1106, "end": 1117, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Africa"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1133, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}]}
{"unique_index": 21227, "source_text": "The landscape rises to a height of 13,435 feet (4,095 meters) . The town of Buea is on the southeastern slope of Mount Cameroon, and foot paths are created yearly for the annual Mount Cameroon Race of Hope. A silent threat Since its last eruption , which occurred in the year 2000, the volcano has been silent until inhabitants of the town witnessed a black burst of water rushing down on March 24, 2020 , after a brief downpour of rain. This a ffected neighborhoods like Bonduma, Sandpit, Bokwai, Bokoko, Great Soppo, Buea Town, and Bokwango . Three years later, the March 18 lahar left two dead and four injured, directly affecting an estimated 900 people in Bova, Bokwai, and Buea Town neighborhoods, according to a 2023 report from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Before the population could comprehend this phenomenon, yet another one occurred in April this year. This third incident, which came with little warning, halted mobility for hours. Pascaline Mupian recounted to Global Voices: I could not return home as usual because there was flooding on my daily route.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 35, "end": 41, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13,435"}, {"start": 48, "end": 53, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,095"}, {"start": 76, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea"}, {"start": 119, "end": 127, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 156, "end": 162, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "yearly"}, {"start": 184, "end": 192, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 276, "end": 280, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2000"}, {"start": 389, "end": 403, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 24, 2020"}, {"start": 506, "end": 517, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Soppo"}, {"start": 519, "end": 528, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea Town"}, {"start": 545, "end": 562, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Three years later"}, {"start": 568, "end": 576, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 18"}, {"start": 588, "end": 591, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 601, "end": 605, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 647, "end": 650, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "900"}, {"start": 679, "end": 688, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea Town"}, {"start": 719, "end": 723, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 740, "end": 761, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Office"}, {"start": 876, "end": 879, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 898, "end": 907, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 989, "end": 1005, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pascaline Mupian"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1032, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21228, "source_text": "I waited for a while but when I noticed the intensity of the situation, I sought a different way to get home. She also explained that she owns farmland, and this lahar runs just beside it, dumping bottles and other household waste, which could carry on the farmland. This increases her workload whenever she goes to the farm after a lahar because she has to start by picking up these items that destroy the soil’s fertility before continuing her farm work. Others are even less lucky and have to spend hours removing the water from their homes and doing a thorough clean-up afterward. Those residing in affected neighborhoods report witnessing a change in the lahar flow in the most recent disaster. The water moved much faster and reached farther distances, causing flooding in far-off neighborhoods like Molyko, unlike on the first two occasions. Students of Bilingual Grammar School Molyko were even forced to move in the water, which had already spread through a good portion of the school. “There was no way I could walk from the chemistry Lab back to class without entering the water,” Faahnui Ghogomu, a student in the school, told Global Voices.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 834, "end": 837, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 849, "end": 892, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Students of Bilingual Grammar School Molyko"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Faahnui Ghogomu"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1152, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21229, "source_text": "Origin of lahars While many relate lahars to flash floods, experts argue that flash floods are driven by intense rainfall events that produce rapid runoff while lahars originate from loose volcanic deposits. According to experts, this pattern of lahars flowing at the start of the rainy season can be explained through interacting environmental processes, against a backdrop of a prolonged dry season. Pelagie Limunga , an environmentalist and Ph.D. research fellow from the University of Buea, told Global Voices: These early rains often generate high surface runoff because the ground is initially unable to absorb water effectively. At the same time, dry-season weathering leaves behind lose volcanic sediments on slopes and in drainage channels, which are easily carried away by rain. She refuted any indication of renewed volcanic activity, further describing lahars as “rainfall-driven remobilization of volcanic sediments rather than any form of eruptive reactivation.” Limunga Pelagie also added that vulnerable areas in Buea are “strongly shaped by topography, and how human settlement patterns interact with natural drainage systems.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 27, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 402, "end": 417, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pelagie Limunga"}, {"start": 450, "end": 465, "label": "JOB", "value": "research fellow"}, {"start": 475, "end": 493, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Buea"}, {"start": 500, "end": 513, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 977, "end": 984, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Limunga"}, {"start": 985, "end": 992, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pelagie"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1033, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea"}]}
{"unique_index": 21230, "source_text": "She stated that these areas are set along steep slopes and natural flow pathways descending from Mount Cameroon. They include communities like Buea Town, Bokwai, Bokoko, Great Soppo, Sandpit and Bova. Authorities’ responses Following the incident this year, the Regional Delegate of Scientific Research and Innovation for the South West, George Mafany Teke , called on residents to be calm, while describing the lahar flow as part of natural processes. He advised citizens to avoid building near waterways and to stay away from ravines during rainfall. The National Observatory on Climate Change regularly publishes a nationwide 10-day Dekadal bulletin, projecting weather forecasts as per meteorological readings. On April 1, 2026, the 10-day bulletin published on their official Facebook page predicted flooding in the South West region, but the town of Buea was not listed among the potentially affected areas, according to their forecast. However, experts hold that several early indicators, such as unusually intense rainfall, rapid rise in stream flow, active erosion along hillsides, blocked drainage channels, and sudden discharge of muddy water from upland areas, can help predict potentially hazardous flow events.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 103, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 143, "end": 152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea Town"}, {"start": 247, "end": 256, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 338, "end": 356, "label": "PERSON", "value": "George Mafany Teke"}, {"start": 557, "end": 577, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Observatory"}, {"start": 718, "end": 731, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 1, 2026"}, {"start": 781, "end": 789, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 856, "end": 860, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea"}, {"start": 970, "end": 977, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21231, "source_text": "They emphasize that “community awareness of these indicators remains essential for early response.” While the community grapples with the social and environmental repercussions of these violent flows, they are uncertain of the nature or intensity of the next lahar event, as experts reveal that future occurrences are highly likely to happen, based on current environmental and socio-spatial trends like “increasing rainfall variability, which contributes to more runoff events over shorter periods,” Pelagie Limunga explained. She added that urban expansion also contributes to this phenomenon. Although hazard maps for landslides and slope risks in Buea exist, limited access, outdated data, and a lack of detailed neighborhood-level mapping mean many communities remain exposed, with risk information not fully revealing where and how people ought to build and prepare for disasters. There might be a ray of hope that lahars do not predict volcanic eruptions, but an even greater fear of the unknown lingers as vulnerable communities are not well informed, and more violent lahars are likely to occur in the coming years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 501, "end": 516, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pelagie Limunga"}, {"start": 651, "end": 655, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buea"}, {"start": 749, "end": 753, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21232, "source_text": "The hidden costs of Asia's data center rush\n\nIn Latin America , the data center boom has sparked widespread public debate and resistance, with some communities taking tech giants to court, successfully halting exploitative projects, and others forcing companies to redesign and evaluate their plans. Governments in the region, however slowly, are beginning to discuss implementing rules and regulations. In Asia — another international hotbed for data center development — this conversation is just beginning. From tropical data centers of Malaysia, to the coal-powered plants in Kazakhstan, and drought-affected regions of India, governments are racing to attract data center investment, with few mechanisms in place to assess the impact or limit environmental and social harm. Many of these countries have no requirement for environmental impact assessments, and regulatory frameworks, where they exist at all, are years behind the pace of construction. Communities most affected are rarely consulted. This is largely why international tech giants are turning to this region — fewer regulations and less community pushback mean an easier implementation process and better bottom line.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 43, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The hidden costs of Asia's data center rush"}, {"start": 48, "end": 61, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 407, "end": 411, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 540, "end": 548, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 580, "end": 590, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 624, "end": 629, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 694, "end": 697, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}]}
{"unique_index": 21233, "source_text": "While companies and governments continue ahead with few guardrails, experts warn that the cost could be high. In addition to the well-documented environmental and noise pollution risks, some observers have expressed concern that the current AI boom will not last, arguing that the rapid expansion of data centers will lead to an overcapacity issue, leaving these facilities to stand as empty memorials to the hype. Rapid changes in hardware and software development also mean that some of these centers will be obsolete soon after completion, raising the risk that countries in the Global South could be stuck with outdated, expensive infrastructure with no path of recourse. As Steven Gonzalez Monserrate , ethnographic researcher of cloud infrastructures and author of the book “Cloud Ecologies,” explained in an interview with Global Voices: What you’re seeing with artificial intelligence (AI) is really scary because they’re building data centers for AI, but AI itself isn’t profitable yet. And when you approve to build the data center, it takes a couple of years to actually build it. So they’re just hoping that by then, AI becomes profitable.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 52, "end": 55, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 582, "end": 594, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}, {"start": 679, "end": 705, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Steven Gonzalez Monserrate"}, {"start": 721, "end": 731, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 761, "end": 767, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 781, "end": 796, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cloud Ecologies"}, {"start": 830, "end": 843, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1060, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}]}
{"unique_index": 21234, "source_text": "But there are no signs of that happening. And so what might happen is that the data center is half built and then they abandon it, and they write it off, and it just becomes ruins. That’s very possible. In this cross-border article, Global Voices is sharing stories from several Asian countries, exploring how the data center boom is affecting citizens, how governments are grappling with the increased development, and what communities are doing about it. See how communities in Latin America are navigating the same issue here . South Asia India is in the midst of rapid data center construction and expansion. Megacities like Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, and Delhi are all seeing rapid structural development as global tech giants race to plant their infrastructure in one of the world’s fastest-growing digital markets . But behind the investment headlines, a more complicated picture is emerging, one where the costs of this boom are falling disproportionately on the communities least equipped to bear them. Within India, most of the tension centers around one issue: Water.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 94, "end": 98, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 233, "end": 246, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 271, "end": 278, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 480, "end": 493, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 531, "end": 541, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 542, "end": 547, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 901, "end": 904, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1025, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1065, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21235, "source_text": "A single 1 MW data center can consume around 26 million liters annually. When scaled up to a 30 MW facility, which is becoming the norm, over 2 million liters could be drawn from the ground every single day. Every one of India’s major data center hubs sits in an area already under severe water stress. In the Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh, where data centers have been clustered to form a digital corridor, groundwater extraction has exceeded 104 percent of sustainable levels. Residents in nearby Khora Colony are now paying INR 1,500 (USD 16.89) for just 500 liters of water delivered by tanker, after local borewells ran dry. The land and jobs picture is no less troubling. In Tarluwada, Andhra Pradesh, farmers were offered INR 2 million (USD 24,000) per acre for land that has a market value of INR 11.5 million (USD 122,200). This huge gap has instigated allegations of coercion and active legal challenges. And when the construction dust settles, the employment payoff is modest at best: Microsoft’s facility in Mekaguda is projected to create around only 180 permanent jobs.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 10, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 45, "end": 55, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26 million"}, {"start": 63, "end": 71, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 93, "end": 95, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 142, "end": 151, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2 million"}, {"start": 221, "end": 226, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 342, "end": 355, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uttar Pradesh"}, {"start": 460, "end": 463, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "104"}, {"start": 532, "end": 535, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 547, "end": 552, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,500"}, {"start": 558, "end": 563, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16.89"}, {"start": 574, "end": 577, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 697, "end": 706, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tarluwada"}, {"start": 708, "end": 722, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Andhra Pradesh"}, {"start": 724, "end": 731, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 749, "end": 758, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2 million"}, {"start": 764, "end": 770, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24,000"}, {"start": 821, "end": 833, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11.5 million"}, {"start": 839, "end": 846, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "122,200"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1021, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1083, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "180"}]}
{"unique_index": 21236, "source_text": "That highlights the nature of the industry, which is highly automated and capital-intensive, raising the question of whether it is truly beneficial to local communities. All of this is unfolding inside a regulatory vacuum. India’s national data center policy , drafted in 2020, has never been finalized . There is no mandatory environmental impact assessment for approving new facilities, and data centers currently sit outside certain pollution control board requirements for their backup power systems. The investment is moving faster than the rules meant to govern it. Southeast Asia Southeast Asia has long been an international destination for data hubs, but its makeup is rapidly changing. While Singapore used to lead the way in data centers in the region, in 2019, officials implemented a moratorium on data center development in a bid to protect the city’s limited land resources, water, and economic sovereignty. After a one-year pause, officials lifted the moratorium but introduced incredibly strict regulations to prioritize “ green ” data centers. Since the AI boom, those regulations have tightened even further.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 223, "end": 228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 272, "end": 276, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 406, "end": 415, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 572, "end": 586, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 587, "end": 601, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 702, "end": 711, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 767, "end": 771, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}]}
{"unique_index": 21237, "source_text": "With Singapore spurning further data center development, much of those investments have been diverted to Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. This move comes with its own complications, largely due to the intense heat and high humidity levels in the tropics. As Steven Gonzalez explained in an interview with Global Voices: “The interesting part about this is it’s actually a problem too, because data centers are not really designed to work well in the tropics. It's very, very, very expensive because the electricity use is way higher due to the humidity in the air. And so they have actually invented new kinds of data center construction and technology to actually run a tropical data center there. So, that’s why Malaysia is right now kind of booming for data center construction because Singapore is capped out pretty much.” Not everyone is pleased about the “innovation” coming to the region. In February 2026, community members in Johor, Malaysia, held the country’s first public protest against rapid data center expansion. Attendees cited pollution concerns and fears around water scarcity as the reason behind the demonstrations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 14, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 105, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 115, "end": 123, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 129, "end": 138, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 260, "end": 275, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Steven Gonzalez"}, {"start": 307, "end": 320, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 716, "end": 724, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 734, "end": 737, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 791, "end": 800, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 901, "end": 914, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 937, "end": 942, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Johor"}, {"start": 944, "end": 952, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21238, "source_text": "Indonesia is facing a similar crisis , with some arguing they have had no say in government agreements to construct data centers on community land. The centers are also raising concerns about water scarcity on the archipelago, where some islands face persistent droughts. Another question remains about whether Southeast Asia’s infrastructure can support such massive growth. A report by Wood Mackenzie, an international energy company, estimates that the energy required to power data centers is set to quadruple within Southeast Asia from 2.6 GW to 10.7 GW between 2025 and 2035. This could put a huge strain on grids and even raise prices for local communities. Central Asia Central Asian states are also ramping up the construction of new data centers to capitalize on the growing demand for computing power for digital services and AI. The regional leaders, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, are working to attract foreign and local investment and establish themselves as digital hubs, highlighting the importance of data centers for boosting economic development.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 311, "end": 325, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 521, "end": 535, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 541, "end": 544, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.6"}, {"start": 551, "end": 555, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10.7"}, {"start": 567, "end": 571, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 576, "end": 580, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2035"}, {"start": 665, "end": 677, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 863, "end": 873, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 878, "end": 888, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21239, "source_text": "Environmental and energy concerns are seldom mentioned, given that large-scale data centers are still under construction and new to the region, and the discourse on their harm to the environment and resource depletion is absent from the mainstream public discourse. One example of this is the so-called Data Center Valley , a flagship data center cluster project by the Kazakh government, to be built in the city of Ekibastuz in the east. Promised to become a full-fledged international computing hub, the project is expected to rely on highly polluting coal for electricity generation and require 300 MW at maximum capacity. This certainly does not bode well for Ekibastuz residents who already struggle with air pollution due to nearby coal-powered industrial plants. The city is on the list of places with “elevated levels of [air] pollution.” Another mega project is the Akashi Data Center near the capital Astana, the region’s first and only Tier IV data center, expected to become the region’s largest upon completion at the end of 2026, with 4,200 racks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 266, "end": 269, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 303, "end": 321, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Data Center Valley"}, {"start": 416, "end": 425, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ekibastuz"}, {"start": 598, "end": 601, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}, {"start": 875, "end": 893, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Akashi Data Center"}, {"start": 911, "end": 917, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Astana"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1042, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1054, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,200"}]}
{"unique_index": 21240, "source_text": "The operators plan to build a dedicated gas-powered power plant with up to 1 GW capacity, an odd decision given that the rest of the country faces a mounting energy deficit and air pollution due to the heavy use of coal for energy production . In neighboring Uzbekistan, the government has teamed up with the Chinese Shanghai LinkWise Data to build a hyperscale data center for AI and high computing technologies in the northwestern Karakalpakstan region. Upon its completion, the facility will reach 300 MW capacity and become one of the largest data centers in the region. It will be powered by the Takhiatash Thermal Power Plant, which uses natural gas for electricity production, although there are plans to use hydrogen, solar, and wind energy resources in the future. The lack of discussions of the environmental impact of this project, which requires major water and energy commitments, is baffling, given Uzbekistan’s significant energy and water shortage problems. The water shortage problem is particularly salient in Karakalpakstan, which is home to the dried-up Aral Sea and acute water shortage challenges.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 75, "end": 76, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 259, "end": 269, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 501, "end": 504, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}, {"start": 913, "end": 923, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1082, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}]}
{"unique_index": 21241, "source_text": "Considered one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, and with rapidly growing populations and economies, the current-day issues related to water and energy shortages in Central Asia warn against the hasty construction of large-scale data centers without proper evaluation of their long-term impact. In each of the above contexts — Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Central Asia — governments are proceeding at a breakneck pace to welcome tech investment, regardless of how it may affect nearby communities. In Latin America, some communities fought back, and in some cases, won. Asia’s reckoning with the data center boom is only beginning. Whether governments here will heed those lessons, or repeat the same mistakes under the banner of development and innovation, remains to be seen. What is certain is that the cost of getting it wrong will not be borne by the tech giants building these facilities, but by the people living in their shadow.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 181, "end": 193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 343, "end": 357, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 359, "end": 369, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 375, "end": 387, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 520, "end": 533, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 589, "end": 593, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21249, "source_text": "Pakistan’s Indigenous Torwali people are fighting to save the Swat River\n\nFor the Indigenous Torwali community living in the Swat valley , in northern Pakistan, rivers are not a “resource.” They are not just “water.” They are the heartbeat of their nation, a sacred presence, the manifestation of the goddess Dara connecting them to their ancestors. But under the justification of the “electricity crisis,” in the past few years, the Pakistani government has been pushing a new wave of hydroelectric projects that are threatening this river system, along with the ecosystems and cultural systems tied to it. For the Torwalis, losing a river means losing history, livelihoods, identity, and imagination. This is why, since 2023, they have been leading a fierce resistance to save the Swat River and halt the construction of the 207 MW Madyan hydroelectric project, one of at least 18 schemes planned between Madyan and Kalam in the Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The project is part of the World Bank-funded Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Hydropower and Renewable Energy Development project, approved in 2021 for a total of USD 450 million.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pakistan’s Indigenous Torwali people are fighting to save the Swat River"}, {"start": 151, "end": 159, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 414, "end": 428, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past few years"}, {"start": 722, "end": 726, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 783, "end": 793, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Swat River"}, {"start": 827, "end": 830, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "207"}, {"start": 880, "end": 882, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 931, "end": 966, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"}, {"start": 968, "end": 976, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1015, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 1107, "end": 1111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 1131, "end": 1142, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "450 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21250, "source_text": "On April 4, 2026, the movement celebrated a victory: The provincial cabinet approved its withdrawal from this project. However, it is not yet clear whether the project proponents will challenge this decision or seek equally devastating alternatives, and there have been no comments from the World Bank so far. For the Torwalis living in the valley, the struggle is not over yet. The Torwalis know well what happens when large-scale dams interrupt the free flow of their rivers. For them, the Daral Khwar Hydropower project is a lesson written in water. The project was initially funded by the Asian Development Bank, which withdrew after public pressure. The authorities, however, sought other funding sources to advance the project, making false promises and dividing communities to silence dissent. In the town of Bahrain in the Swat district of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, where the Daral merges with the Swat River, the local community used to describe their land as a paradise.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 4, 2026"}, {"start": 291, "end": 301, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 593, "end": 615, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Asian Development Bank"}, {"start": 816, "end": 823, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bahrain"}, {"start": 864, "end": 882, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"}, {"start": 884, "end": 892, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 926, "end": 936, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Swat River"}]}
{"unique_index": 21251, "source_text": "In the summer, children were playing in the river’s cold pools, women were collecting fresh water from its springs, and orchards were thriving along its banks. Today, though, the powerhouse controls the river’s flow like a tap, leaving long stretches of riverbed dry. Mosquitoes breed along its banks well into autumn. Sudden water releases from the tunnel with little warning, causing a drowning hazard for children. This loss has taught the Torwali a painful truth: once a river becomes a machine, everything connected to it — culture, ecology, economy, identity — unravels. With this memory still fresh, the Torwalis have formed the Save River Swat Movement ( Darya-e Swat Bachau Tehreek) to mobilize against the Madyan project. In August 2024, they submitted a formal complaint to the World Bank, demanding a review under its environmental and social safeguard policies. They have exchanged hundreds of letters with the Bank; held meetings in Peshawar, Islamabad, and online. They also informed international bodies, including UN institutions, and engaged local authorities. Meanwhile, jirgas (a gathering of elders) were held from Madyan to Kalam.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 160, "end": 165, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 636, "end": 660, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Save River Swat Movement"}, {"start": 735, "end": 746, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2024"}, {"start": 789, "end": 799, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 895, "end": 903, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 947, "end": 955, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Peshawar"}, {"start": 957, "end": 966, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1033, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}]}
{"unique_index": 21252, "source_text": "A massive demonstration took place on August 23, 2024, in the town of Bahrain; youth marched again a month later. Press conferences in Swat and Islamabad generated national attention, and even children have written petitions to the prime minister. According to international law and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples , no project can proceed without Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC). Yet, the Torwalis have complained about rushed hearings, inaccessible documents, procedural shortcuts, and bureaucratic coercion — none of which constitute real consent. And their opposition was clear from the start. Already in July 2023, when the Pakhtunkhwa Energy Development Organization (PEDO) and the provincial environmental authorities held the first “ public hearing ,” people attended in large numbers. Yet, a “No Objection Certificate” was issued, despite attendees’ protests. There have also been a series of threats and intimidation against community members opposing the project. Local authorities and government staff have threatened activists and local village officials with possible imprisonment and surveillance of their family members. Some activists were framed and accused of working against national interests.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 53, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 23, 2024"}, {"start": 70, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bahrain"}, {"start": 144, "end": 153, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 232, "end": 246, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 287, "end": 289, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 641, "end": 650, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2023"}, {"start": 661, "end": 704, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pakhtunkhwa Energy Development Organization"}, {"start": 706, "end": 710, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "PEDO"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1071, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1174, "end": 1183, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21253, "source_text": "As a result, in the affected villages, there is a climate of fear, and some are choosing to avoid voicing their concerns out of fear of being targeted. Additionally, the World Bank has failed to recognize the indigeneity of the Torwali peoples, leading to flawed impact assessments and a lack of information disclosure in the local Torwali language. As a result of the movement’s sustained efforts, in June 2025, the World Bank commissioned a new screening to determine whether the Torwali qualify as Indigenous people under its policy, an unprecedented step in this region. Almost a year later, however, it has not shared the findings with the community. But for the Torwalis, there can be no doubts about their indigeneity. Their identity is inseparable from the mountains they inhabit, the rivers they honor, the pastures they graze, and the ancestral systems they still practice. Their language — Indo-Aryan with some pre-Aryan and Gandharan elements — is shaped by their interaction with the landscape: there is a word for every cliff, rock, ravine, stream, meadow, and pass.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 170, "end": 180, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 402, "end": 411, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 417, "end": 427, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}]}
{"unique_index": 21254, "source_text": "Even today, Torwalis living in the cities of Karachi, Hyderabad, or Rawalpindi continue to call their region watan, a word deeper than “homeland.” A proverb expresses this bond: “ tu watan ge ke bedu, watan ma wad .” It means “your body may reside elsewhere, but your heart belongs to the homeland.” Whether or not the movement to save the Swat River will ultimately prevail, this movement has already achieved something profound: it has reaffirmed that Indigenous rights and environmental justice are inseparable; that rivers have rights because communities have relationships; and that development must be accountable to those who bear its consequences. As the Pakistani poet Allama Iqbal reminds us, “A drop of dew is enough to make this soil fertile again.” The resistance of the Torwali people is that drop of dew: an act of dignity, unity, and courage in the face of imposed development. And as long as the Swat River flows, they will continue to defend it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 340, "end": 350, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Swat River"}, {"start": 673, "end": 677, "label": "JOB", "value": "poet"}, {"start": 913, "end": 923, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Swat River"}]}
{"unique_index": 21302, "source_text": "How Tibetans became eco-guards of Asia’s water tower\n\nTibetans have become frontline defenders against climate change in China’s Sanjiangyuan region, known as the “Water Tower of Asia,” after three decades of domestic and international interventions to establish a co-management model for ecological conservation. Sanjiangyuan (三江源), located in China’s western Qinghai province, is the source of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and the Lancang (or Mekong) River, which provide freshwater for China and the Indochina Peninsula. Approximately 90 percent of the 600,000 population that resides there are Tibetan herders. Sanjiangyuan: The water tower of Asia In the past few decades, global warming has led to the rapid melting of Himalayan glaciers and irregular rainfall, causing alternating droughts and floods. In China, the increase in precipitation has brought a warmer and wetter climate , prolonged the flood seasons, and expanded lake areas around the headwaters of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, which can lead to devastating glacial lake flood outbursts ( GLOFs ).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 52, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How Tibetans became eco-guards of Asia’s water tower"}, {"start": 121, "end": 126, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 179, "end": 183, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 192, "end": 205, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three decades"}, {"start": 345, "end": 350, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 400, "end": 413, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yangtze River"}, {"start": 419, "end": 431, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yellow River"}, {"start": 497, "end": 502, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 511, "end": 530, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indochina Peninsula"}, {"start": 546, "end": 548, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 564, "end": 571, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "600,000"}, {"start": 656, "end": 660, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 668, "end": 684, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past few decades"}, {"start": 820, "end": 825, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 981, "end": 1011, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yellow River and Yangtze River"}]}
{"unique_index": 21303, "source_text": "Meanwhile, countries including Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, which are located along the lower stream of the Lancang/Mekong River, have faced more and more natural disasters caused by erratic water flows, including the extensive droughts between 2019 and 2021 and intense floods between 2023 and 2024. The situation eventually evolved into a diplomatic crisis as environmental groups in the lower Mekong countries accused China of restricting downstream water flows through newly constructed Chinese dams on the upper Mekong River . In response, China shifted its stance from “water sovereignty” to “water diplomacy” by providing daily hydrological data to lower Mekong River countries beginning in November 2020. The Chinese government views the water disputes with its neighboring countries less as a political disagreement and more as an issue stemming from the climate crisis, a problem the country has been working to address since the 1990s, when t he upper reaches of the Yellow River had suffered from severe droughts , causing grasslands, wetlands, and lakes to shrink, endangering wildlife in the region, and restricting water flow to downstream populations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 38, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vietnam"}, {"start": 40, "end": 48, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 54, "end": 62, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 112, "end": 132, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lancang/Mekong River"}, {"start": 249, "end": 253, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 258, "end": 262, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 290, "end": 294, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 299, "end": 303, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 425, "end": 430, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 521, "end": 533, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mekong River"}, {"start": 549, "end": 554, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 633, "end": 638, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 666, "end": 678, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mekong River"}, {"start": 702, "end": 715, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2020"}, {"start": 944, "end": 949, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990s"}, {"start": 982, "end": 994, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yellow River"}]}
{"unique_index": 21304, "source_text": "But the situation has improved to some extent in recent years after decades of conservation efforts. Tibetan herders’ role in ecological conservation The forerunners of Sanjiangyuan’s ecological conservation were the local Tibetan community in Suojia district, who set up five conservation areas in the latter half of the 1990s to protect endangered wildlife, including the snow leopard, Tibetan antelope, wild ass ( onager ), wild yak, and black-necked crane populations. The Tibetan herders also established a grassroots NGO in 1998, the Upper Yangtze Organization (UYO), to promote community-led conservation. Soon after, the Leadership Group for Western China Development (西部大開發領導小組) was established in the central government to push a series of infrastructure and developmental projects, including the second phase of the Tibet-Qinghai railway (2001–2006). In western China, the Qinghai provincial government incorporated the five conservation areas into the Sanjiangyuan Reserve, which covers 153,000 square kilometers of land. The State Council upgraded the park to a national-level reserve in 2003, injecting CNY 7.5 billion (approximately USD 1.2 billion) to kick-start a 10-year rescue plan to restore grasslands, address black soil, and conserve the wetlands.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 272, "end": 276, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 310, "end": 314, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 322, "end": 327, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990s"}, {"start": 530, "end": 534, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1998"}, {"start": 540, "end": 566, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Upper Yangtze Organization"}, {"start": 568, "end": 571, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UYO"}, {"start": 629, "end": 675, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Leadership Group for Western China Development"}, {"start": 850, "end": 854, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2001"}, {"start": 855, "end": 859, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}, {"start": 873, "end": 878, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 931, "end": 935, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1006, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "153,000"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1051, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Council"}, {"start": 1101, "end": 1105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2003"}, {"start": 1121, "end": 1132, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7.5 billion"}, {"start": 1152, "end": 1163, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.2 billion"}]}
{"unique_index": 21305, "source_text": "A greater price, however, was paid by local Tibetan communities, as thousands of herders had to reduce grazing and some even had to relocate their settlements for conservation purposes. Between 2005 and 2009, around 50,000 Tibetan nomads were resettled from the Sanjiangyuan Reserve to “eco-villages,” and further relocations occurred thereafter as the Reserve expanded. Both the livelihood and culture of Tibetan nomads were at stake. Against this backdrop, local and international NGOs stepped in to conduct research, explore alternative income-generating models, preserve Tibetan nomadic cultures, and mobilize community members to engage in conservation work. For example, a Tibetan environmental activist group, the Snowland Great Rivers Environmental Protection Association , was established in 2001 to organize a network of more than 900 Tibetan volunteers to monitor wildlife and develop village-level sustainable development projects in Tibetan villages by facilitating multi-stakeholder dialogues and adopting a co-management approach. A handicraft cooperative, Half Light Handicraft , was established in 2013 by 13 Tibetan women in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to generate extra family income by hand-making handbags and shoes and lift the local economy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 68, "end": 77, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 194, "end": 198, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2005"}, {"start": 203, "end": 207, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}, {"start": 216, "end": 222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50,000"}, {"start": 371, "end": 375, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 687, "end": 709, "label": "JOB", "value": "environmental activist"}, {"start": 721, "end": 779, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Snowland Great Rivers Environmental Protection Association"}, {"start": 801, "end": 805, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2001"}, {"start": 841, "end": 844, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "900"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1076, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Half"}, {"start": 1115, "end": 1119, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 1143, "end": 1178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture"}]}
{"unique_index": 21306, "source_text": "Other domestic environmental groups, such as Sichuan-based Green River and Beijing-based Shan Shui Conservation Center , also moved into the region to conduct research on the ecological impacts of human activities and economic development and to carry out experimental projects, including garbage collection and recycling along the Qinghai-Tibet highway, to address new environmental challenges. In 2014, the Chinese government doubled environmental investment to USD 2.6 billion and expanded the conservation area to 395,000 square meters. Two years later, in 2016, approximately one-third of the region was included in China’s national park system pilot project. The Qinghai provincial government was eager to turn Sanjiangyuan into a showcase of “ecological civilization” under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s leadership. Drawing on the experience of Tibetan volunteer networks, local governments worked with Tibetan communities to introduce the “One household, one eco-guard”( 一戶一崗 ) system in 2016, turning 20,000 herders (the current figure) into conservation workers for the region. Under the system, the herders received an income of CNY 1,800–2,400 (approximately USD 350–450) to monitor water quality, wildlife, and forests, collect garbage, and report illegal behavior.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 118, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sichuan-based Green River and Beijing-based Shan Shui Conservation Center"}, {"start": 399, "end": 403, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 468, "end": 479, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.6 billion"}, {"start": 518, "end": 525, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "395,000"}, {"start": 541, "end": 556, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Two years later"}, {"start": 561, "end": 565, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 621, "end": 626, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 781, "end": 798, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chinese President"}, {"start": 799, "end": 809, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Xi Jinping"}, {"start": 949, "end": 952, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 964, "end": 967, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1001, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1017, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,000"}, {"start": 1145, "end": 1156, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,800–2,400"}, {"start": 1176, "end": 1183, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "350–450"}]}
{"unique_index": 21307, "source_text": "Tibetan women joining the climate fight However, thanks to the region’s traditional patriarchal division of labor, the “One household, one eco-guard” system generally favors the male household head, and Tibetan women are often left vulnerable and sidelined. In 2016, research conducted by the international NGO Global Environmental Institute (GEI) indicated that Tibetan girls in Sanjianyuan had fewer educational and career opportunities, as limited family income was usually allocated to their brothers, and they were delegated as caretakers for the family and the land. In Qinghai, over 70 percent of the rural labor force is women. The international environmental group then worked with local organizations to introduce gender-specific climate-action training and helped women household heads establish cooperatives to run eco-friendly small businesses. Other international organizations also stepped in to empower women in Qinghai’s plateau region and strengthen their role in fighting against the climate crisis. In 2020, UN Women began funding the Sanjiangyuan Ecological and Environmental Protection Association to establish the Sanjiangyuan Female Environmental Protection Network , which provided subsidies to enable women to participate in conservation work and encouraged them to form cooperatives to run eco-friendly businesses.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 120, "end": 123, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 135, "end": 138, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 261, "end": 265, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 307, "end": 341, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NGO Global Environmental Institute"}, {"start": 343, "end": 346, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GEI"}, {"start": 590, "end": 592, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1026, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1036, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Women"}, {"start": 1055, "end": 1119, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sanjiangyuan Ecological and Environmental Protection Association"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1189, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sanjiangyuan Female Environmental Protection Network"}]}
{"unique_index": 21308, "source_text": "Two years later, in 2024, the Qinghai government incorporated the network into their “Women’s Action for Building Sanjiangyuan’s Ecological Civilization” ( 生态文明江源巾帼行 ), a three-year program, which encourages Tibetan women to register as eco-guards, develop their careers as conservation workers in the national park, and run cooperatives to protect both the environment and Tibetan cultures. Designated as one of the country’s first national parks in October 2021, Sanjiangyuan is often depicted as an achievement of China’s “ecological civilization.” The official success story is supported by several indicators : over the past two decades, grassland vegetation coverage has increased by 11 percent, water conservation by 6 percent, and the population of wild animals has grown, particularly the Tibetan Antelope, which has increased from less than 20,000 to over 70,000. What is often overlooked is that the Tibetan communities sacrificed their pastoral livelihoods and gave up their settlements to create the national reserves and protect Asia’s water tower. Moreover, they have pioneered the now-institutionalized community co-management model to integrate their livelihoods with conservation needs with the help of domestic and international NGOs. Today, they are still standing on the frontline, protecting Asia’s essential water sources for billions of people along the three rivers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Two years later"}, {"start": 20, "end": 24, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 349, "end": 353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 451, "end": 463, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2021"}, {"start": 517, "end": 522, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 595, "end": 602, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 625, "end": 641, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past two decades"}, {"start": 690, "end": 692, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 724, "end": 725, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6"}, {"start": 851, "end": 857, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,000"}, {"start": 866, "end": 872, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70,000"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1047, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1254, "end": 1259, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 1314, "end": 1318, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 1349, "end": 1357, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "billions"}, {"start": 1378, "end": 1383, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 21314, "source_text": "How nature-based solutions can help vulnerable and marginalized communities overcome climate injustice\n\nNepal is one of the countries most vulnerable to the impacts of the climate crisis. Across the world, this crisis is causing widespread disruption and contributing to violations of basic rights, including the right to live with dignity, both directly and indirectly. As more and more global leaders recognize climate change as one of the greatest threats to human rights , climate justice is emerging as a fundamental human right. In Nepal, climate change is impacting agriculture, biodiversity, and water and energy resources, and leading to increasingly common and severe hydrometeorological disasters, including floods, landslides, droughts, and other extreme weather events, as well as slow-onset climate change. Climate change exacerbates the difficulties already faced by Indigenous communities , including political and economic marginalization, loss of land and resources, human rights violations, discrimination, and unemployment. Most of the Indigenous communities that are dependent on natural resources are affected by this environmental catastrophe. Indigenous peoples are among the first to face the direct consequences of climate change.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 102, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How nature-based solutions can help vulnerable and marginalized communities overcome climate injustice"}, {"start": 104, "end": 109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 538, "end": 543, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}]}
{"unique_index": 21315, "source_text": "Climate injustice is even more severe for women , Dalits (lower caste individuals who face societal prejudice), Indigenous women , people with disabilities , and Madhesi communities, an ethnic minority in Nepal. They are further susceptible due to preexisting vulnerabilities driven by discrimination based on socially ascribed identities such as caste, ethnicity, and indigeneity, geographic remoteness, and socioeconomic marginalization. These entangled issues continue to widen existing inequalities in Nepal. The climate crisis is also driving displacement and forcing many poor and vulnerable people, who are termed “climate refugees,” to migrate to urban areas due to floods, heat stress, drought, glacial lake outburst floods ( GLOFs ), and other extreme conditions. Yet even as the disasters worsen, those most vulnerable to the effects of the climate crisis have the least say in how resources are allocated. For example, less than one percent of global climate finance reaches Indigenous populations , even though they play a crucial role in protecting natural resources and ecosystems.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 205, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 506, "end": 511, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 573, "end": 577, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 941, "end": 944, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21316, "source_text": "Cases of Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) Nature-based solutions (NbS) can be a self-help tool where ecosystem restoration in forests, wetlands, or mangroves can reduce disaster risks such as floods, landslides, and droughts in ways that generate both ecological and human benefits. These can be locally driven and community-based initiatives that further strengthen climate resilience, reduce dependence on imported fertilizers, and promote sustainable rural development. In practical terms, NbS are increasingly used as context-specific measures to restore degraded ecosystems, stabilize slopes, and protect riverbanks. However, NbS can address climate injustice only if they are rights-based, locally led, and socially inclusive. Nature-based solutions are considered an affordable, inclusive option for managing climate change, disaster risk, and environmental deterioration while supporting biodiversity and local livelihoods . Indigenous peoples and local communities play a vital role in climate mitigation and adaptation. One of their main roles is ecological stewardship : protecting forests, wetlands, and biodiversity. Many of these solutions already exist in practice; the Indigenous people are the original guardians of the ecosystem, who recognize the value of the forests and natural landscapes.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21317, "source_text": "There are small-scale to medium-scale mitigation efforts carried out as nature-based solutions. For example, bioengineering techniques help mitigate flood impacts and safeguard vital ecosystem services like freshwater flow, soil stability, and habitat connectivity. More broadly, nature-based solutions can regulate water flow, reduce sediment loads, and strengthen ecosystem resilience through measures such as reforestation, wetland restoration, riverbank vegetation, and slope stabilization using bio-engineering techniques. Shifting cultivation , a traditional, subsistence-based farming system practiced by Indigenous communities, is also an example of an NbS that is contributing to carbon sequestration in forests and therefore plays a role in climate mitigation. NbS can also strengthen local economies through community forestry, agroforestry, and watershed restoration programs, which promote fisheries. Protecting critical water sources and farmland, restoring floodplains and wetlands can improve groundwater recharge , support fisheries, and provide habitats for wildlife. These processes enhance both ecological and economic resilience, empowering local people socially and economically through active participation in natural resource management.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21318, "source_text": "Nature-based solutions (NbS) can be a new opportunity for green job creation, including roles such as forest guards, nursery workers, eco-guides, and timber processing workers. They can generate a new source of income for community forest groups, strengthen local green economies, and generate employment, especially for women and youth, for example, through compost production and sales. NbS play a crucial role in mitigating flood impacts and safeguarding vital ecosystem services like freshwater flow, soil stability, and habitat connectivity. They take different forms and contribute not only to disaster risk reduction but also to the revival of local traditions, livelihood enhancement, and broader socioeconomic development. For example, Bio-dykes are an environmentally-friendly alternative to normal flood defense structures, where “normal” means huge concrete structures that are expensive to build, damage the environment, and are catastrophic when they fail. In contrast, the bio-dykes help bind soil and prevent erosion, maintaining the river’s original flow and preventing overflow during heavy rainfall. Bio-dykes deliver economic, environmental, and social benefits. Bangladesh has another strong example of nature-based solutions (NbS).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1183, "end": 1193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 21319, "source_text": "In the face of climate change, the country’s floating gardens offer an innovative solution to the challenges faced by millions of farmers. Similarly, mangrove forests serve as a nature-based solution for coastal flood protection, helping to reduce the impact of rising sea levels. The example of Sudan also highlights the potential of NbS, particularly through bioengineering, water harvesting, and ecosystem restoration. These approaches have supported climate adaptation measures that contribute to water management and re-greening, which help communities resume farming activities . Integrated water resource management is helping communities restore the land in and beyond low-lying areas and natural water systems. Overall, these approaches aim to safeguard agricultural land, forests, and settlements from increasing risks of floods, landslides, and droughts driven by climate change. Finally, converting forest waste into compost is another effective NbS that transforms fallen leaves, dry branches, and other organic material from community forests into usable compost. This practice reduces the risk of forest fires and offers a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers by enhancing soil fertility, improving moisture retention, and supporting microbial activity in the soil.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 118, "end": 126, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 130, "end": 137, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 296, "end": 301, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21364, "source_text": "Philippine typhoon survivors file historic case against oil giant\n\nAround 103 residents from the Philippines who suffered from Super Typhoon Odette (known internationally as Rai) in December 2021 have filed a historic case against Shell PLC, a British multinational oil and gas company, in December 2025. The case marks the first civil claim linking the climate impacts of oil and gas companies to death and personal injury. In the Philippines, Typhoon Odette killed over 400 people, injured over 1,000 more, and destroyed 1.4 million homes mainly in the island provinces of Cebu and Bohol. The petitioners are seeking financial compensation for the damage they suffered under the “polluter pays” principle, aside from demanding an end to Shell’s fossil fuel expansion. The case relies on studies showing how fossil fuel emissions have exacerbated the harsh impact of climate change. It cited the report of the Philippines’ Commission on Human Rights, which noted that companies like Shell should be held legally responsible for causing harm to the climate.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 65, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Philippine typhoon survivors file historic case against oil giant"}, {"start": 74, "end": 77, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "103"}, {"start": 97, "end": 108, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Philippines"}, {"start": 182, "end": 195, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2021"}, {"start": 290, "end": 303, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 432, "end": 443, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Philippines"}, {"start": 472, "end": 475, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400"}, {"start": 497, "end": 502, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 523, "end": 534, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.4 million"}, {"start": 911, "end": 934, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Philippines’ Commission"}]}
{"unique_index": 21365, "source_text": "The Philippines is a disaster-prone country, and its situation is made worse by climate-related extreme weather events, despite its historically small carbon emissions. Shell was notified about the plan to file the case in October 2025. The actual case was filed on December 11, 2025, at the Royal Courts of Justice in the United Kingdom, where Shell is based. Law firm Hausfeld, which drafted the complaint, said that Philippine laws were used since the destruction took place in the country. The campaign page in support of the civil case explains why Shell was singled out in the complaint. Shell acted with negligence, as they had the opportunity to mitigate climate harm, and an obligation to refrain from obfuscating climate science, but failed to do so Shell is among the world’s major emitters of all fossil fuel companies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 15, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Philippines"}, {"start": 223, "end": 235, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 266, "end": 283, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 11, 2025"}, {"start": 323, "end": 337, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}]}
{"unique_index": 21366, "source_text": "Alongside their emissions, Shell’s history of deliberate deception and misinformation regarding the causes and impacts of climate change — and their contribution to these — is well-documented and forms a strong basis to argue their responsibility and liability for their contribution to the damage caused by Typhoon Odette. “We are not small people” Trixy Elle, 33, a fish vendor from Batasan Island, shared her decision to join fellow typhoon survivors in filing a case against Shell: Odette took everything from me and my family. We were forced to sell our precious belongings just so we could afford to rebuild our home. We’ve done nothing to cause the climate crisis, but because companies like Shell chose profit over people, our lives have been turned upside down. In an interview with the media outlet Inquirer, she added that they are also planning to file a case against other oil companies. There are five big oil companies, right? We chose Shell, but it doesn’t mean that the four big oil companies are safe from climate accountability.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 362, "end": 364, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33"}, {"start": 373, "end": 379, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendor"}, {"start": 911, "end": 915, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 987, "end": 991, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}]}
{"unique_index": 21367, "source_text": "We will sue them one by one, one case at a time. In an interview with the media outlet SunStar, Pedia Fajardo of Cebu City said the poor have nowhere to go during climate disasters, making it necessary to implement urgent actions such as reducing carbon emissions. Kaming kabus ang mag-suffer… maayo man ang mga dato kay makabalhin og puy-anan, kami naa rami dira. Usa na sa among gi-complain tungod coal man gud ilang gipanggamit… mobuga baya na og dagkong aso. It is us poor who suffer the most. The wealthy can move to safer places, but people like us have nowhere else to go. Among our complaints is their use of coal which releases massive amounts of smoke. Another survivor and complainant, Annie Casquejo, said the case filing is not just meant to recoup their losses but also to prove that islanders are fighting for their future. At the very least, the possessions we spent years saving up for — our boats, our homes — could be replaced. But even if we lose, at least we did something.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 20, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 29, "end": 32, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 96, "end": 109, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pedia Fajardo"}, {"start": 697, "end": 711, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Annie Casquejo"}]}
{"unique_index": 21368, "source_text": "We are not ‘small people.’ We are people who fight. In a statement sent to Inquirer, Shell UK dismissed the complaint. “This claim overlooks the benefits energy brings and the decades of choices made by governments, businesses, and consumers that have shaped our energy system.” Shell UK also sent a statement to the BBC disproving the basis of the complaint. This is a baseless claim, and it will not help tackle climate change or reduce emissions. The suggestion that Shell had unique knowledge about climate change is simply not true. The issue and how to tackle it has been part of public discussion and scientific research for many decades. Local and global The filing of the case is the result of years of collaboration between communities ravaged by deadly typhoons and global environmental groups. Together with local government units and Greenpeace, residents of Bilangbilangan and Batasan Islands have been working on several projects to rebuild the communities that were destroyed by Typhoon Odette. In December 2024, they installed solar panels and charging stations to strengthen their climate response capabilities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 91, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 285, "end": 287, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 317, "end": 320, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 632, "end": 644, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "many decades"}, {"start": 847, "end": 857, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenpeace"}, {"start": 872, "end": 906, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bilangbilangan and Batasan Islands"}, {"start": 928, "end": 935, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1027, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 21369, "source_text": "The case filing in December 2025 highlights how local interventions can have a huge impact on the global campaign for climate justice. The case could set a precedent and inspire other islanders to sue companies responsible for massive fossil fuel emissions. This could follow the landmark ruling made by the International Court of Justice in July 2025, which stated that governments have an obligation to protect the environment from greenhouse gas emissions, and they may incur legal responsibility should they fail to fulfill or ignore this duty. In an interview with the news company ABS-CBN, Virginia Llorin of Greenpeace Philippines noted the significance of the case filed by the residents from Cebu and Bohol. “This is not a fight for them alone. This is a fight for the Filipinos who are impacted by climate change,” Llorin said. Another creative action featuring the rebuilding efforts of residents is the community art installation on Ubay Island in Cebu. Their message summed up the sentiment of communities in their collective action for climate justice: “From flooded streets and battered islands, hope is a thread we weave together.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 32, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 308, "end": 338, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Court of Justice"}, {"start": 342, "end": 351, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 587, "end": 594, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ABS-CBN"}, {"start": 596, "end": 611, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Virginia Llorin"}, {"start": 615, "end": 625, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenpeace"}, {"start": 626, "end": 637, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Philippines"}, {"start": 825, "end": 831, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Llorin"}, {"start": 945, "end": 956, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ubay Island"}]}
{"unique_index": 21385, "source_text": "Who is talking about artificial intelligence in Ecuador?\n\nA person checks their phone, types a question, and receives an answer in seconds. They do not know how it works, what data they are giving away, or who is behind that answer. But they use it anyway. Artificial intelligence is already present in school assignments, work decisions, and processes that used to take hours. It works. It integrates. It advances. In Ecuador, there is no coordinated AI policy; rather, initiatives move forward separately. Ministries, the National Assembly (Congress), regulatory agencies, and academia promote their own proposals, with different timelines and priorities. The result is that laws, strategies and regulations overlap or fail to connect, without a common direction. While AI technology becomes embedded in everyday life, decisions about its use, limits and consequences remain far removed from the people already using it. In that context, at the end of 2025 more than 60 people gathered at FLACSO Ecuador for “Artificial Intelligence and Digital Rights: Different Perspectives for the Common Good,” in an attempt to open a conversation that, until now, continues to take place in limited spaces.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 56, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Who is talking about artificial intelligence in Ecuador?"}, {"start": 419, "end": 426, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 524, "end": 541, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 954, "end": 958, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 969, "end": 971, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 998, "end": 1005, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 1149, "end": 1152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21386, "source_text": "The meeting was promoted by Openlab , in coordination with Futuroscon.IA and the CTS Lab at FLACSO Ecuador, with the support of a project funded by Probox . That collaboration made it possible to bring together social organizations, academia, public institutions, and other actors connected to the artificial intelligence and digital rights debate. The main panel included the participation of the Office of the Ombudsman, Derechos Digitales , Datalat , and the Ministry of Telecommunications (MINTEL). The event also included sessions that expanded the discussion from other angles: Jonathan Finlay of LaLibre noted that artificial intelligence is already influencing decisions without there yet being a clear understanding of its effects, while Article 19 ’s Martha Tudón directed the conversation toward surveillance, data use, and risks to rights in contexts without clear controls. From the CTS Lab at FLACSO , the RAM methodology — promoted by UNESCO — introduced another way of looking at the problem. The question was not what artificial intelligence can do, but whether the country is prepared to sustain it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 81, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CTS Lab"}, {"start": 99, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 398, "end": 421, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Office of the Ombudsman"}, {"start": 462, "end": 492, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Telecommunications"}, {"start": 494, "end": 500, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MINTEL"}, {"start": 584, "end": 599, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jonathan Finlay"}, {"start": 603, "end": 610, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LaLibre"}, {"start": 896, "end": 903, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CTS Lab"}, {"start": 950, "end": 956, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}]}
{"unique_index": 21387, "source_text": "The tool evaluates laws, institutional capacities, rights protection, and levels of public understanding to identify whether the use of these technologies can expand without losing control over their effects. During the unconference (a methodology in which participants collectively define the discussion topics), that concern took shape through concrete cases. At the privacy table, participants mentioned the example of a public hospital worker who, due to the lack of institutional tools, entered sensitive medical data into artificial intelligence platforms from a personal account in order to organize their work. Currently, there are no clear guidelines regarding such use, nor effective controls over how that information is handled or protected. In education, the tension is expressed differently. Students resort to artificial intelligence tools to complete assignments, write papers, or form opinions without fully engaging with the content, weakening the development of independent judgment. At the same time, part of the teaching community fluctuates between prohibition and an approach focused on plagiarism, without clear tools to integrate these technologies into the learning process or encourage more critical use. In the area of inclusion and gender, participants discussed how systems are trained with data that excludes Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and community-based knowledge.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 619, "end": 628, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}]}
{"unique_index": 21388, "source_text": "This not only reproduces those absences in decision-making, but also reinforces a dominant form of knowledge, centered on Western and scientific perspectives, that ends up displacing other ways of understanding and living reality. Regarding governance, the discussion revealed a fundamental problem; it has not yet been defined which aspect of artificial intelligence should be regulated: its use, development, investment, or automated decision-making. Layered onto that lack of clarity is another tension: adopting external models without considering the local context, or moving toward controls that may be excessive for an ecosystem still in formation. In that scenario, regulation risks becoming extensive, impractical, and difficult to apply in practice. Outside the discussion tables, that debate had already begun taking shape in the country’s National Assembly. Although spaces for discussion have been opened, they have not necessarily succeeded in bringing about broader participation. In 2024, the National Assembly received three bills , each with different approaches, including research, commercialization of artificial intelligence systems, incorporation of data protection, transparency, and copyright, and protection of children and adolescents from the use of these technologies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 851, "end": 868, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1003, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1009, "end": 1026, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1041, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 21389, "source_text": "Following the unification of the artificial intelligence bills, the debate has shown no visible progress in recent months, and in different spaces the possibility has begun to be mentioned that the proposal could be shelved, without there yet being a clear definition of its future. While the regulatory discussion remains stalled, actors with real capacity to influence the development and use of these technologies are beginning to gain ground. At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Ecuadorian president Daniel Noboa met with Alex Karp , CEO of Palantir, one of the most influential companies in large-scale data analysis worldwide. The company, which has worked with agencies such as the CIA, the FBI, and immigration systems in the United States, has built its capabilities on the integration of large volumes of information for security and intelligence purposes . Palantir’s opening of an office in Ecuador comes at a moment when the rules are still unclear, in a field where the same technology that makes it possible to optimize services can also enable forms of surveillance that are difficult to control.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 454, "end": 474, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Economic Forum"}, {"start": 496, "end": 505, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 506, "end": 518, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Noboa"}, {"start": 528, "end": 537, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alex Karp"}, {"start": 540, "end": 543, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEO"}, {"start": 547, "end": 555, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Palantir"}, {"start": 736, "end": 749, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 870, "end": 878, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Palantir"}, {"start": 905, "end": 912, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}]}
{"unique_index": 21390, "source_text": "On the other hand, on March 10, 2026, the Ecuadorian government presented the Strategy for the Promotion of the Development and Ethical and Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in Ecuador (EFIA-EC), promoted by the Ministry of Telecommunications and the Information Society with support from the IDB and UNESCO. The proposal outlines a four-year roadmap, structured around three axes: governance, capacity and technology, and adoption and development, with the explicit objective that artificial intelligence should not be a privilege for a few, but a tool at the service of citizens, the state, and productive development. In that context, not only have the results of the meeting, collected in a report built from the thematic discussion tables, begun circulating among participants, they have already been delivered to the Ministry of Telecommunications as the governing body, and to the Ombudsman’s Office, at a moment when these technologies are increasingly intersecting with debates on digital rights and the protection of human rights. Against the backdrop of strategy, pending regulation, and the growing adoption of these technologies, the country is moving through still unstable terrain, where development advances faster than the definitions of its limits.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 36, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 10, 2026"}, {"start": 186, "end": 193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 221, "end": 251, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Telecommunications"}, {"start": 260, "end": 279, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Information Society"}, {"start": 310, "end": 316, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}, {"start": 379, "end": 384, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 832, "end": 862, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Telecommunications"}, {"start": 897, "end": 915, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ombudsman’s Office"}]}
{"unique_index": 21512, "source_text": "The signal we cannot ignore: What the LONDA 2025 report reveals about Africa’s digital rights\n\nParadigm Initiative recently published the LONDA 2025 report , exposing the fragile state of digital rights across 29 African countries. While a few nations enacted progressive laws to protect user data, many governments intensified internet shutdowns, surveillance, and arrests to control online spaces. The comprehensive document highlights how digital democracy is expanding in some regions while facing severe authoritarian pushback in others. The annual report evaluates country compliance with international human rights standards using a score index. Researchers assess 12 key indicators, including internet shutdowns, digital inclusion, false news criminalization, data protection, and child online safety. They assign scores out of 60 to gauge how well governments protect the freedoms outlined in the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) Declaration . A continent divided: Regional score shifts The LONDA 2025 report reveals stark contrasts in how different regions handle digital freedoms. By comparing 2024 and 2025 scores, researchers noted both significant legislative leaps and concerning democratic regressions across the continent.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The signal we cannot ignore: What the LONDA 2025 report reveals about Africa’s digital rights"}, {"start": 95, "end": 114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Paradigm Initiative"}, {"start": 138, "end": 148, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "LONDA 2025"}, {"start": 210, "end": 212, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29"}, {"start": 240, "end": 243, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 299, "end": 303, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 653, "end": 664, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 672, "end": 674, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 836, "end": 838, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 906, "end": 924, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Commission"}, {"start": 955, "end": 960, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ACHPR"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1033, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "LONDA 2025"}, {"start": 1128, "end": 1132, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1141, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1150, "end": 1161, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 1168, "end": 1172, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21513, "source_text": "In Southern Africa, Botswana emerged as a notable success story. The country jumped from a score of 28 in 2024 to 35 in 2025. Lawmakers implemented the Data Protection Act and the Access to Information Act , strengthening citizens’ privacy rights. Furthermore, Botswana maintained a perfect record of zero internet shutdowns. Namibia also made strides by rolling out its Universal Service Fund (USF), which provided 4G access to more than 9,000 citizens for the first time. However, neighboring Mozambique barely improved, rising from 23 to 24, as authorities approved regulations allowing telecommunications suspensions during perceived threats to public security. However, progress in one nation does not guarantee regional safety, as seen in Zambia. The country maintained a relatively stable digital landscape throughout 2025. Yet, early in 2026, the Zambian government suddenly forced a last-minute postponement of RightsCo n, the world’s largest gathering of human rights defenders in the digital age. In reality, this unexpected decision amounted to a complete cancellation of the massive event, catching organizers and attendees off guard less than a week before it was scheduled to begin.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 18, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southern Africa"}, {"start": 20, "end": 28, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 100, "end": 102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28"}, {"start": 106, "end": 110, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 114, "end": 116, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35"}, {"start": 120, "end": 124, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 126, "end": 135, "label": "JOB", "value": "Lawmakers"}, {"start": 152, "end": 171, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Data Protection Act"}, {"start": 180, "end": 205, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Access to Information Act"}, {"start": 261, "end": 269, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 301, "end": 305, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 326, "end": 333, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Namibia"}, {"start": 371, "end": 393, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Universal Service Fund"}, {"start": 395, "end": 398, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "USF"}, {"start": 439, "end": 444, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9,000"}, {"start": 495, "end": 505, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mozambique"}, {"start": 535, "end": 543, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23 to 24"}, {"start": 687, "end": 690, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 745, "end": 751, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zambia"}, {"start": 825, "end": 829, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 845, "end": 849, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 965, "end": 987, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 1112, "end": 1122, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21514, "source_text": "Shutting the door on a monumental global event is a sudden and severe restriction of civic space . It directly contradicts any prior progress Zambia claimed to have made. Digital rights advocates are already questioning how far Zambia’s score will plummet in the upcoming 2026 review. This incident proves that a government can undo years of digital rights progress with a single political decision. West Africa presented a mixed bag of progress and backsliding. Senegal saw its score rise from 34 to 38. The ECOWAS Court of Justice issued a landmark ruling condemning the Senegalese state for its 2023 internet blackouts, establishing a vital legal precedent for digital rights. Consequently, the Senegalese government kept the internet on throughout 2025. Conversely, Togo’s score dropped from 29 to 28. During civic protests in June 2025 , Togolese authorities severely disrupted access to platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Telegram. Nigeria experienced a slight dip, moving from 36 to 35.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 142, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zambia"}, {"start": 171, "end": 195, "label": "JOB", "value": "Digital rights advocates"}, {"start": 228, "end": 234, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zambia"}, {"start": 272, "end": 276, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 400, "end": 411, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Africa"}, {"start": 463, "end": 470, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 495, "end": 503, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34 to 38"}, {"start": 509, "end": 532, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ECOWAS Court of Justice"}, {"start": 598, "end": 602, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 752, "end": 756, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 770, "end": 774, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 796, "end": 804, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29 to 28"}, {"start": 831, "end": 840, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 911, "end": 919, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 921, "end": 929, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 935, "end": 943, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 945, "end": 952, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 991, "end": 999, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "36 to 35"}]}
{"unique_index": 21515, "source_text": "While the Nigerian Data Protection Commission actively enforced privacy laws , the cost of telecommunications services increased for the first time since 2013, and opaque content takedowns remained a persistent issue. The Gambia achieved moderate compliance, notably enacting a data protection law in November 2025, but it still lacks a functional USF after 15 years of promises. In North Africa, Egypt climbed from a score of 32 to 38. The government launched the second edition of its National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Strategy and adopted an open data policy. Despite this progress, existing laws still permit surveillance for indefinite periods without clear safeguards. Further south, Sudan dropped to an abysmal score of 20 from 21 in 2024. The ongoing conflict decimated connectivity , with authorities shutting down the internet during exams and armed groups seizing citizens’ electronic devices to inspect private communications. In East Africa, Kenya recorded internet throttling during a period of unrest in June and restricted Telegram during national exams.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 45, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nigerian Data Protection Commission"}, {"start": 154, "end": 158, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013"}, {"start": 222, "end": 228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gambia"}, {"start": 301, "end": 314, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 358, "end": 366, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 years"}, {"start": 383, "end": 395, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Africa"}, {"start": 397, "end": 402, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Egypt"}, {"start": 427, "end": 435, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "32 to 38"}, {"start": 694, "end": 699, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 731, "end": 733, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 739, "end": 741, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21"}, {"start": 745, "end": 749, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 946, "end": 957, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "East Africa"}, {"start": 959, "end": 964, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1051, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}]}
{"unique_index": 21516, "source_text": "Tanzania also plunged its citizens into a total digital blackout during its October elections, accompanied by over 1,700 arrests and restricting access to the social media platform X. The ongoing struggle against shutdowns and censorship At the continental level, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) is actively pushing back against digital repression. In 2024, the commission passed Resolution 580 , which explicitly urges states to keep the internet open and secure before, during, and after elections. Building on this, they passed Resolution 630 in 2025, which guides tech companies on maintaining information integrity and conducting transparent human rights impact assessments. Despite these clear directives, internet shutdowns remain a favored tool for several African governments facing political tension. The LONDA report documented deliberate network disruptions in multiple nations. In Cameroon, the government cut off electronic communication systems between October 23 and November 7. This disruption coincided directly with the delayed announcement of the 2025 presidential election results and severe political tension. When authorities do not shut down the internet entirely, they often use restrictive legislation to target dissenting voices.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tanzania"}, {"start": 115, "end": 120, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,700"}, {"start": 181, "end": 182, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 268, "end": 286, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Commission"}, {"start": 317, "end": 322, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ACHPR"}, {"start": 380, "end": 384, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 408, "end": 422, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Resolution 580"}, {"start": 559, "end": 573, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Resolution 630"}, {"start": 577, "end": 581, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 785, "end": 792, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 922, "end": 930, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1006, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 23"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1021, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 7"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1099, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21517, "source_text": "Across the continent, governments weaponize penal codes and cybercrime laws to silence journalists and activists under the guise of combating false news. In Benin, the application of the Digital Code resulted in the arbitrary arrest of several newspaper editors and digital activists who criticized the administration. Similarly, Somalia security forces frequently targeted journalists, confiscating their electronic devices without formal charges. In Ghana, authorities continue to misapply the Electronic Communications Act to arrest and harass media professionals, even though the country repealed its criminal libel laws years ago. These actions directly violate international human rights law and create a chilling effect that forces citizens to self-censor. Surveillance, privacy, and the gender divide The digital landscape is becoming increasingly dangerous for vulnerable groups. Technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) is a growing epidemic that most legal frameworks fail to address adequately. The report highlighted severe gendered disinformation campaigns in Benin, specifically aimed at keeping women out of politics. Attackers spread false narratives relying on misogyny to demean women leaders and discourage female political participation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 87, "end": 98, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 103, "end": 112, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 157, "end": 162, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Benin"}, {"start": 236, "end": 243, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 254, "end": 261, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 274, "end": 283, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 330, "end": 337, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 374, "end": 385, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 452, "end": 457, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 496, "end": 525, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Electronic Communications Act"}, {"start": 1086, "end": 1091, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Benin"}]}
{"unique_index": 21518, "source_text": "Surveillance technologies also pose a massive threat to privacy across Africa . In Zimbabwe, Lesotho, and Togo, citizens face targeted communications surveillance. In Togo, the government deployed a new cybersecurity center, creating a climate of fear and pushing journalists and youth to self-censor their online communications. Most nations lack the necessary judicial oversight to prevent intelligence agencies from abusing these monitoring tools. To bridge the digital divide, many countries established Universal Service Funds (USF) to finance connectivity in rural and low-income areas. While Botswana and Malawi actively used these funds to connect rural schools, many other nations manage their funds with zero transparency. The lack of robust USF implementation leaves marginalized communities, including people with disabilities, locked out of the digital economy. There is a glimmer of hope regarding child online safety. In 2025, Kenya issued industry guidelines for child online protection, Lesotho launched similar guidelines developed in 2024, and Tunisia adopted the National Charter for the Protection of Children Online. However, most countries still lack specific laws protecting children from cyberbullying, online grooming, and data profiling.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 71, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 83, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zimbabwe"}, {"start": 93, "end": 100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lesotho"}, {"start": 106, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 167, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 264, "end": 275, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 481, "end": 485, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 508, "end": 531, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Universal Service Funds"}, {"start": 533, "end": 536, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "USF"}, {"start": 599, "end": 607, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 612, "end": 618, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malawi"}, {"start": 671, "end": 675, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 714, "end": 718, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 936, "end": 940, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 942, "end": 947, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1011, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lesotho"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1057, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1070, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tunisia"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1099, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Charter"}]}
{"unique_index": 21519, "source_text": "Artificial intelligence governance is also slowly taking root, with Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Zambia developing National AI strategies in 2025 to guide future technological integration. Amplifying the message through film Reports and data are vital for documentation, but changing hearts and minds requires compelling storytelling. To bring the struggles documented in these pages to life, Paradigm Initiative produced the short film “ Signal .” Extracted directly from the findings of the LONDA 2024 report, the movie sheds light on the hidden costs of exclusion for vulnerable and rural communities left on the margins of the digital world. It demonstrates that for these people, the most important messages are often the ones that struggle to get through. Every plot point in the film mirrors the exact realities citizens faced across the continent over the past two years. When digital democracy disappears, so does the power of the people. The LONDA 2025 report serves as a critical warning and a roadmap. While a few African nations are building inclusive, rights-respecting digital economies, too many others are constructing digital architectures of control.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 68, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 75, "end": 83, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zimbabwe"}, {"start": 89, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zambia"}, {"start": 133, "end": 137, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 385, "end": 404, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Paradigm Initiative"}, {"start": 431, "end": 437, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Signal"}, {"start": 491, "end": 495, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 856, "end": 870, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past two years"}, {"start": 944, "end": 954, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "LONDA 2025"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1017, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1103, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21582, "source_text": "Climate success stories: A pleasant surprise\n\nWhen the Global Voices team first broached the idea of covering positive climate stories in May, I was apprehensive. I couldn’t imagine that there were enough positive environmental stories in the global majority for us to manage our target of 10 articles, let alone surpass it. Our Human Perspectives on AI spotlight in April exceeded all expectations, both in the number of pieces we got and the response to them, so I was even more worried. But then the pitches began to come in, and stories began to be written. Every day, I saw our tracking spreadsheet grow: communities fighting to save and restore rivers, people coming up with amazing solutions to counter specific effects, a focus on the importance of seeds and food production. Kenya , the Dominican Republic , Nepal , Mozambique , Tuvalu , Yemen , Brazil — people are fighting the good fight all over the world. Positive change is happening The story that really brought home the importance of this coverage for me was this one about the partial restoration of the Aral Sea in Central Asia.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 44, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Climate success stories: A pleasant surprise"}, {"start": 55, "end": 68, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 290, "end": 292, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 400, "end": 404, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 562, "end": 571, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every day"}, {"start": 784, "end": 789, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 796, "end": 814, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 817, "end": 822, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 825, "end": 835, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mozambique"}, {"start": 838, "end": 844, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 847, "end": 852, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 855, "end": 861, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1034, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1080, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 1084, "end": 1096, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21583, "source_text": "I was in my early thirties when I first found out about the ecological devastation of the Aral Sea, and I was in shock for a few months, often telling people, “But did you know it’s GONE? We used to draw it on maps, and it’s GONE!?” So reading that it is being successfully revived was truly a moment of wonder. In a year (no, decade) of seemingly endless bad news, it felt like a gift to read about this. And it happened in a region so ignored by the news in general, with action from the state and help from a favoured villain in mainstream English news: China. That right there is the core importance of telling these stories from the global majority, for the global majority — something we hold very dear at Global Voices. The modern world, while magically connecting us, manages to isolate us. It makes sense that we are so tied to the internet and social media, because it allows us to see and hear things we simply could not offline (like Global Voices stories).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 90, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 125, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few months"}, {"start": 557, "end": 562, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 712, "end": 725, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 946, "end": 959, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21584, "source_text": "You could not read a print newspaper from Cameroon in Dhaka, but you can read it online. Yet the internet also somehow manages to isolate us in our bubbles by presenting us exclusively with what it thinks we want, and we so rarely see the communities fighting the same battles as we are in the global majority unless we actively seek them out. This is why Global Voices has committed to prioritising collaborative stories, and this one on successful conservation efforts around the world really reminded me of the many ways we are all still fighting (and winning) the fight. And it’s important to recognise that progress is being made. People are not in fact trapped on a road to inevitable doom, even — especially — in the chronically under-resourced and usually dismissed global majority. Because, as our Climate Justice Editor Sydney Allen put it in her May editorial , “It is important to share replicable, scalable examples of successful climate action because that’s the only way these strategies can be employed in other communities that need them.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 42, "end": 50, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 54, "end": 59, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 356, "end": 369, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 432, "end": 435, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 514, "end": 518, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 807, "end": 829, "label": "JOB", "value": "Climate Justice Editor"}, {"start": 830, "end": 842, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sydney Allen"}]}
{"unique_index": 21585, "source_text": "It’s an obvious thing to say, but this spotlight really brought home how important it is to come together as communities to fight our battles and hope to win them. From the Indigenous women in Bolivia organising to fight wildfires and the Indigenous Torwali people of Pakistan trying to save the Swat River , to the Filipinos filing a landmark suit against an oil company and Kenyans reclaiming their land , when people come together, they create movements much more powerful than the sum of their parts. It’s not just the people — sometimes it’s the state Another aspect that this coverage brought to my attention was that governments are not, in fact, entirely ignoring the problems of the climate crisis. Governments all across Central Asia are responding to the annual air pollution crisis (we’re still waiting for this to happen in India, where every year turns the north into a smog-filled hellscape), covered in a story from our excellent partners over at Vlast.kz . That progress in Kazakhstan is driven by the government, as are many of the steps being taken in Barbados to reshape the fishing industry , including passing legislation, implementing recovery plans, and collecting data.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 193, "end": 200, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bolivia"}, {"start": 268, "end": 276, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 296, "end": 306, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Swat River"}, {"start": 731, "end": 743, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 837, "end": 842, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 850, "end": 860, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every year"}, {"start": 991, "end": 1001, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1079, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}]}
{"unique_index": 21586, "source_text": "The Pacific island nation of Tuvalu, which is facing the very real possibility of losing all its land to rising ocean levels, has begun to build the framework to become a “ digital nation ” — some might call this a gimmick, but it is perhaps the only way to preserve a national identity in the face of the inadequate response to this global crisis. Women front and centre It also stood out to me how many women’s groups, communities, and collectives are involved in this restorative work. Broadly speaking, women suffer the most from the ill effects of climate change. Women also tend to be entrusted with caring for and fostering community, since it is a kind of emotional, interpersonal and domestic labour. It is no surprise that women end up fighting on the frontlines of this work. In fact, French feminist and ecologist Françoise d’Eaubonne “argued that the oppression of women and the exploitation of nature stemmed from a system deeply rooted in patriarchal values.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 29, "end": 35, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 400, "end": 404, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21587, "source_text": "I’m quoting our Narrative Analysis Editor Samanta Azpurua, who dived into Ugandan ecofeminism , exploring the narrative that “Women are essential to Uganda’s climate action” for her piece this month. Using the Civic Media Observatory methodology, she pulls up some important context on the history of the feminist and conservation movements in Uganda. That piece is what I call a very GV story: it makes it impossible to ignore the immense intersectionality of life in the global majority. Climate, feminism, Indigenous knowledge, technology used to curtail rights, capitalism, and postcolonialism all have a role to play. We are always stronger in solidarity At the end of the day, it’s the people of the global majority who are and will be the hardest hit by the climate crisis. We are also the people who benefit the most from communication and alliances between global majority nations and civil society groups. We have experiences, inherited knowledge, and approaches that escape the comprehension of the global north, and the more we hear each other’s stories, the better chances we have of surviving the climate crisis.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 41, "label": "JOB", "value": "Narrative Analysis Editor"}, {"start": 42, "end": 57, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Samanta Azpurua"}, {"start": 149, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 188, "end": 198, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this month"}, {"start": 200, "end": 233, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Using the Civic Media Observatory"}, {"start": 344, "end": 350, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}]}
{"unique_index": 21661, "source_text": "Three years of Pride: Santiago Méndez’s visual archive of queer Venezuela\n\nFor the past three years, photographer and visual artist Santiago Méndez Arvelaez has been documenting Pride celebrations in Venezuela’s capital city, creating a powerful visual record of queer life, visibility, and resistance. Born in Caracas in 1998, Méndez explores identity through photography, research, and multimedia visual practices rooted in Venezuelan popular culture. Méndez’s work stands out for its sustained attention to the country’s cultural and social complexities. As part of a vibrant tradition of documentary photography in Venezuela, he is establishing himself as one of the artists creating some of the most compelling archives of communities that remain largely underreported in mainstream narratives. His work approaches documentary photography with an anthropological perspective , capturing a country shaped by fashion, urban style, Afro-descendant traditions, and popular art, while tracing the connections between contemporary expression and long-standing cultural histories. Gabriela Mesones Rojo (GMR): Why do you think documenting queer experiences in Venezuela is so important right now? Santiago Méndez (SM): Venezuela is often explained through politics, migration, collapse. I grew up inside that and I have never experienced my country beyond Chavismo.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 73, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Three years of Pride: Santiago Méndez’s visual archive of queer Venezuela"}, {"start": 83, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past three years"}, {"start": 101, "end": 113, "label": "JOB", "value": "photographer"}, {"start": 125, "end": 131, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 132, "end": 156, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Santiago Méndez Arvelaez"}, {"start": 200, "end": 209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 311, "end": 318, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 322, "end": 326, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1998"}, {"start": 328, "end": 334, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Méndez"}, {"start": 454, "end": 460, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Méndez"}, {"start": 619, "end": 628, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 671, "end": 678, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1100, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gabriela Mesones Rojo"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1167, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 1190, "end": 1193, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1195, "end": 1210, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Santiago Méndez"}, {"start": 1217, "end": 1226, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}]}
{"unique_index": 21662, "source_text": "When everything is reduced to crisis, other stories disappear, but the ability to be yourself in public, love openly, and be recognized says a lot about the country you live in. Venezuela still has no marriage equality, no recognition for same sex couples, and trans legal gender recognition remains blocked in practice. The Venezuelan Observatory of LGBTIQ+ Violence recorded 461 cases of violence and discrimination in 2023, affecting 394 people, and five deaths. Queer archives prove that people were here. It leaves evidence of our existence. GMR: The last three years have shown deep political changes in the country. What changes have you noticed in Caracas’ Pride over the years, whether in participation, visibility, emotions, or political atmosphere? SM: In 2023 I felt a huge energy in the street. Pride felt crowded, loud, almost unreal. There was joy everywhere, and I believe in that joy. Still, I kept thinking about the pain carried under the music. Existing together in the street is political, even when people do not name it that way. 2024 feels important because it was a hinge year. I went with my mom and friends. The march happened three weeks before the presidential election, and the slogan was ‘Our existence is not public indecency.’", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 178, "end": 187, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 325, "end": 367, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Venezuelan Observatory of LGBTIQ+ Violence"}, {"start": 377, "end": 380, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "461"}, {"start": 421, "end": 425, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 437, "end": 440, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "394"}, {"start": 453, "end": 457, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 556, "end": 572, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last three years"}, {"start": 656, "end": 663, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 767, "end": 771, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1057, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1154, "end": 1172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three weeks before"}]}
{"unique_index": 21663, "source_text": "It came after 33 people were detained during a 2023 police raid at a Valencia LGBTIQ+ venue. They were charged with public indecency, criminal association and noise pollution, in a case organizations denounced as discriminatory criminalization in a private queer space. By 2025 the mood felt different . Smaller. More careful. Less formally accompanied. Some organizations reportedly participated discreetly. The landscape was marked by arrests and exile after the 2024 presidential election. Pride Month 2026 began with reports that at least 30 men were held in a police operation at a Barquisimeto LGBTIQ+ venue, after officers allegedly accused them of ‘committing the crime of homosexuality .’ Homosexuality is not illegal in Venezuela, but police still behave as if it should be. For many LGBTIQ+ Venezuelans, one of the biggest fears is an encounter with the authorities. I cannot describe these years as progress. There’s visibility, but also fear. My photos live in that tension. GMR: As a queer photographer and visual artist, how do you think about representation and ethics when photographing queer experiences? What responsibilities come with creating queer visual archives? SM: Being queer changes how I photograph these spaces. I recognize parts of myself in the people I photograph.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 16, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33"}, {"start": 47, "end": 51, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 273, "end": 277, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 465, "end": 469, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 505, "end": 509, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 543, "end": 545, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 621, "end": 629, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 730, "end": 739, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 789, "end": 793, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1016, "label": "JOB", "value": "photographer"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1034, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}]}
{"unique_index": 21664, "source_text": "That closeness does not give me ownership over their stories. In Venezuela, a published image can expose someone to family, work, or police. Public space does not erase risk. So I work with doubt. Some photographs stay unpublished. Some faces stay out of the archive. I am skeptical of ‘photographer heroism.’ Photography can preserve, inform, and make people pay attention, but it does not replace action, context, or material change. Without research, there is misunderstanding. Without relationship, there is extraction. Representation is not about making the community look perfect. The Venezuelan queer community carries the same prejudices, desires and contradictions as the rest of the country. I am part of that reality too, so I approach it with honesty instead of judgment. GMR: Why is photography fundamental to preserving queer cultural memory? What does photography preserve that other forms of storytelling cannot? SM: Queer photography matters because much of our history was hidden, mocked, or told by people who did not love us. In Venezuela, the archive is full of gaps. Many queer lives were photographed only through shame, scandal, police language, medical language and meme language.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 65, "end": 74, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 287, "end": 299, "label": "JOB", "value": "photographer"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1058, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 1089, "end": 1093, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21665, "source_text": "The Venezuelan Observatory of LGBTIQ+ Violence reported that at least 93 trans people were murdered in Venezuela between 2008 and 2023, all of them trans women. That number changes the meaning of celebration. I want someone in the future to see these photographs and understand that queer Venezuelans existed in public before the country recognized them. We love here. We make style here. We make noise here. We belong here, even when belonging was denied. GMR: What has photographing queer life taught you about Venezuela? SM: What I keep seeing is that visibility and safety are not the same thing. For many queer Venezuelans, showing up publicly still carries risk. Photography made me look at who feels free, who is supported, who is exposed, who arrives alone. Pride in Caracas is intense, but it has a strange quietness. It gives you time to read signs and stay with people’s faces. The Pride I photograph is people trying to be public where publicness has a cost. Queer life in Caracas is pushed into rooms, parties, clubs, coded friendships. The march puts bodies in daylight, but still, it has taught me that visibility is never distributed equally.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 46, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Venezuelan Observatory of LGBTIQ+ Violence"}, {"start": 70, "end": 72, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "93"}, {"start": 103, "end": 112, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 121, "end": 125, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 130, "end": 134, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 513, "end": 522, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 605, "end": 609, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 775, "end": 782, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 985, "end": 992, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}]}
{"unique_index": 21671, "source_text": "Denied by the State, demanded by the streets: Japan's LGBTQ+ turning point\n\nThe streets of Tokyo have transformed into a vibrant sea of rainbow flags, sharp techno beats, and thousands of chanting voices for Tokyo Rainbow Pride this June. This year’s Pride Month is more than a celebratory festival of visibility; the atmosphere feels electrified as the Japanese Supreme Court is expected to issue its first unified constitutional ruling on same-sex marriage, and LGBTQ+ communities are taking to the streets to push for equal rights to marriage with the slogan: “May love prevail in the Supreme Court” (最高裁で愛が勝つ). Legal battle: Marriage for all The Supreme Court ruling will settle constitutional debates among lower district courts over whether the Japanese Civil Code's current exclusion of same-sex marriage violates the Japanese Constitution in early 2027. Japan’s legal battle for the right to equal marriage began on February 14, 2019, with 13 same-sex couples simultaneously filing lawsuits against the Japanese government in district courts across Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Sapporo. In March 2024, the Sapporo High Court first ruled that the provisions of the Civil Code and the Family Register Act that do not allow same-sex couples to become families are unconstitutional.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 74, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Denied by the State, demanded by the streets: Japan's LGBTQ+ turning point"}, {"start": 175, "end": 184, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 239, "end": 248, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This year"}, {"start": 251, "end": 262, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Pride Month"}, {"start": 354, "end": 376, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Japanese Supreme Court"}, {"start": 588, "end": 601, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 650, "end": 663, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 760, "end": 770, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Civil Code"}, {"start": 856, "end": 860, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 862, "end": 867, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 924, "end": 941, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 14, 2019"}, {"start": 948, "end": 950, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2024"}, {"start": 1120, "end": 1138, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sapporo High Court"}, {"start": 1178, "end": 1188, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Civil Code"}, {"start": 1197, "end": 1216, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Family Register Act"}]}
{"unique_index": 21672, "source_text": "Four other district high courts hold similar rulings, and the prevailing view is that the current system violates Article 14 (equality under the law), Article 13 (the right to the pursuit of happiness), and Article 24, Section 2 (individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes) of the Constitution of Japan. However, on November 28, 2025, a Tokyo High Court ruled against its peers, holding that same-sex couples are not included in the constitutional definition of marriage and that any change to that definition should be the responsibility of Japan’s National Diet. With the support of the LGBT+ activist group Marriage for All Japan, the plaintiffs have brought their case to the Japanese Supreme Court for appeal. As explained by l egal scholar Yasuhiko Watanabe , the Tokyo High Court’s ruling would grant “unchecked discretion to the conservative government.” The Japanese government's conservative stance Japan remains the only G7 nation that does not provide comprehensive national legal protections or marriage rights for same-sex couples. Despite data from both the conservative Yomiuri and the liberal Asahi showing solid majorities in support of same-sex marriage, at 66 percent and 72 percent, respectively, in 2023, Japan’s Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi and the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) remain unsupportive of same-sex marriage.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Four"}, {"start": 313, "end": 318, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 332, "end": 349, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 28, 2025"}, {"start": 353, "end": 369, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tokyo High Court"}, {"start": 558, "end": 563, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 611, "end": 619, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 643, "end": 648, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 696, "end": 718, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Japanese Supreme Court"}, {"start": 762, "end": 779, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yasuhiko Watanabe"}, {"start": 786, "end": 802, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tokyo High Court"}, {"start": 925, "end": 930, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1084, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1193, "end": 1195, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "66"}, {"start": 1208, "end": 1210, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "72"}, {"start": 1237, "end": 1241, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1243, "end": 1248, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 1251, "end": 1265, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 1266, "end": 1280, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sanae Takaichi"}, {"start": 1296, "end": 1320, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Liberal Democratic Party"}, {"start": 1322, "end": 1325, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LDP"}]}
{"unique_index": 21673, "source_text": "During her election campaign in September 2025, Takaichi also referred to the definition of marriage to argue against same-sex marriage rights: 私は基本的には同性婚には反対の立場だ。憲法で結婚は両性の同意によるとされている。だから、現時点で同性婚に賛同する立場ではない。 I am fundamentally opposed to same-sex marriage. The Constitution defines marriage as being between a man and a woman. Therefore, at this time I do not support same-sex marriage. Currently, same-sex couples are excluded from spousal benefits in over 100 laws that involve insurance, pensions, etc. They rely on regional partnership certification systems, which began in Tokyo in 2015 and have since spread to more than 500 regions, that offer same-sex couples limited, non-binding benefits, such as hospital visitation rights. In response to the legal challenges in recent years, instead of amending the existing marriage law to grant sexual minority equal rights, the conservative government has recognized registered same-sex couples as “ de facto marriage status ” in a few dozen laws, and passed an LGBTQ+ Understanding Law in 2023 to promote public understanding of sexual minorities and prevent “unfair discrimination.” Only after three years of stalling did the government recently roll out its first national plan to raise awareness and strengthen support systems for the LGBTQ+ community.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 32, "end": 46, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2025"}, {"start": 48, "end": 56, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Takaichi"}, {"start": 387, "end": 396, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}, {"start": 458, "end": 461, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 587, "end": 591, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 627, "end": 630, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 981, "end": 990, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few dozen"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1035, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "LGBTQ+ Understanding Law"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1043, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1145, "end": 1156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}]}
{"unique_index": 21674, "source_text": "However, the recognition of “de facto marriage” through the partnership certification system would institutionalize discrimination, l egal scholar Yasuhiko Watanabe argued : 仮に、事実婚制度の整備によって配偶者控除や相続権などの不利益が一定程度解消されるとしても、婚姻と区別された制度にとどまる限り、そこには象徴的な格差が残ります。異性のカップルだけが婚姻の制度に属し、同性カップルはそこから「排除された」別の制度に属するという構図は、社会的に“セカンドクラス”という印象を与えかねません。 Even if the ‘de facto marriage’ system could, to a certain extent, address some disadvantages, such as the spousal tax deduction and inheritance rights, as long as it remains a separate system distinct from marriage, it will institutionalise a symbolic segregation. If only heterosexual couples belong to the marriage system and same-sex couples are ‘excluded’ into a separate system, it risks creating a ‘second-class’ stigma [among the sexual minorities]. Moreover, even with the same-sex partnership registration and “de facto marriage” system, same-sex couples cannot enter into the national household registration system (Koseki) , which is structured around a heterosexual norm, with a wife, a husband, and their unmarried offspring under a single surname to track the family lineage. In Japan, rather than the individual, the family is the administrative unit, and the legal status, rights, and welfare of citizenship and parentage are registered through the Koseki system.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 147, "end": 164, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yasuhiko Watanabe"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1132, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21675, "source_text": "Being excluded from the household registration system, same-sex couples could not enjoy automatic inheritance, spousal tax deduction, spousal visa, child adoption, etc. Yet, within the National Diet, conservative lawmakers are resistant to changing the marriage law, fearing it would lead to amending the Koseki system and thereby trigger a domino effect that would rewrite the nationality law and hundreds of civil laws related to government administration. Can love win? LGBTQ+ activists considered the Japanese Supreme Court’s monumental decision to bring the legal disputes to the 15-Justice Grand Bench a significant move to break the decade-long political stagnation. If the Grand Bench rules the current marriage law unconstitutional, the court may impose a deadline for the National Diet to rewrite the marriage and Koseki systems, or to establish a civic union registration system with a separate household registration system. The worst scenario is to follow the Tokyo High Court verdict and let the National Diet determine the mechanism for protecting sexual minorities’ equal rights. Since May 2026, Marriage for All Japan has launched a nationwide “Love Wins” campaign to demonstrate public support for full same-sex marriage rights and vowed to spread the message with the slogan, “May love prevail in the Supreme Court,” across 47 prefectures during Pride Month.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 213, "end": 222, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 398, "end": 406, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 480, "end": 489, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 505, "end": 527, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Japanese Supreme Court"}, {"start": 596, "end": 607, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grand Bench"}, {"start": 681, "end": 692, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grand Bench"}, {"start": 973, "end": 989, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tokyo High Court"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1110, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2026"}, {"start": 1129, "end": 1134, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 1320, "end": 1333, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 1343, "end": 1345, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "47"}, {"start": 1365, "end": 1376, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Pride Month"}]}
{"unique_index": 21684, "source_text": "The lakes that should not exist in Pakistan’s mountain ranges\n\nIn the valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in northern Pakistan, farmers wake each summer wondering whether the mountain above them will hold. It is not an idle fear. Rising temperatures have melted glaciers across mountain ranges like the Hindu Kush , Karakoram , and the Himalayan ranges , forming lakes that now threaten millions of people. These lakes did not exist in their current numbers a generation ago. They are a product of rising temperatures driven by industrial emissions from countries far from Pakistan’s mountains, and they are growing faster than the institutions meant to manage them. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) The numbers are stark. Glacier melt across the three aforementioned ranges has produced 3,044 glacial lakes , with 33 identified as highly vulnerable to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods , or GLOFs. A GLOF is not a slow rise of water. It is a massive flood outpouring that results when the natural barriers holding a lake break — often due to seismic activity, avalanches, or heavy rainfall.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 61, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The lakes that should not exist in Pakistan’s mountain ranges"}, {"start": 133, "end": 141, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 143, "end": 150, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 389, "end": 392, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 402, "end": 410, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 588, "end": 596, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 766, "end": 771, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 807, "end": 812, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,044"}, {"start": 834, "end": 836, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33"}, {"start": 872, "end": 900, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Glacial Lake Outburst Floods"}]}
{"unique_index": 21685, "source_text": "These floods release millions of cubic meters of water and debris in hours. Peak flows can reach 15,000 cubic meters per second. A small mountain stream can become a torrent 50 meters deep, spreading ten kilometers wide across a floodplain. Villages, bridges, farms, and roads vanish before evacuations can begin. From 2018 to 2021, roughly 18 GLOFs struck the region . In 2022, that number jumped to 75 . In 2023 alone, authorities recorded 83 events. Each one carved through communities that had done almost nothing to cause it. The people absorbing this damage are among the least economically protected in the country. In Gilgit-Baltistan, 26.7 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, the figure is 22 percent. These are smallholder farmers, herders, and seasonal laborers with no financial cushion. A single GLOF can erase years of savings in an instant. The Bagrote Valley , home to over 10,000 people, sits under constant threat of an outburst that could swallow the entire valley floor.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 29, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 97, "end": 103, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15,000"}, {"start": 174, "end": 176, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 200, "end": 203, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 319, "end": 323, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 327, "end": 331, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 341, "end": 343, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 373, "end": 377, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 401, "end": 403, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 409, "end": 413, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 442, "end": 444, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "83"}, {"start": 458, "end": 461, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 644, "end": 648, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26.7"}, {"start": 739, "end": 747, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 763, "end": 765, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22"}, {"start": 797, "end": 804, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 924, "end": 938, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bagrote Valley"}, {"start": 954, "end": 960, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 21686, "source_text": "Beyond the physical destruction, the repeated cycle of floods and extreme heat has produced a lasting anxiety in these communities, a fear, rarely spoken plainly, that the disasters will not stop and that ordinary life will not return. Read more: Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and the melting of the ‘Third Pole’ Paying the price for industrial polluters The injustice is not subtle. Pakistan contributes less than one percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet it ranks among the ten most climate-vulnerable countries on earth. The United States, European Union, and China together account for roughly half of all historical carbon dioxide emissions . Pakistan holds over 13,000 glaciers , the largest concentration outside the polar regions, whose accelerated melting feeds the floods. The 2025 monsoon season alone affected 6.9 million people, displaced three million, and killed over 1,000, including 275 children. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres made the moral case plainly in 2023: countries that produced the crisis carry an obligation to fund recovery in countries that did not.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 391, "end": 399, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 422, "end": 425, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 493, "end": 496, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 545, "end": 558, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 560, "end": 574, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 580, "end": 585, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 615, "end": 619, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 665, "end": 673, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 685, "end": 691, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13,000"}, {"start": 804, "end": 808, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 839, "end": 850, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6.9 million"}, {"start": 869, "end": 882, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three million"}, {"start": 900, "end": 905, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 917, "end": 920, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "275"}, {"start": 931, "end": 933, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 934, "end": 951, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary-General"}, {"start": 952, "end": 968, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Antonio Guterres"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1004, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}]}
{"unique_index": 21687, "source_text": "That argument has produced some movement in international forums, but far less money than the words suggest. Read more: Flash floods ravage Pakistan: Cloud burst and melting glaciers create perfect storm of destruction The gap between pledges and payments is not a technical failure. It is a political choice. At the Glasgow Climate Pact in 2021, wealthy countries pledged to double adaptation finance for developing nations to USD 40 billion by 2025. CARE Denmark’s analysis found that bilateral adaptation support is likely to reach only USD 12 billion, just 30 percent of that target, and may fall further as aid budgets are cut . The United States, United Kingdom, France, and Germany have all announced reductions to their climate finance contributions . Only Denmark, New Zealand, and the Netherlands have explicitly committed to directing at least half of their climate finance toward adaptation, as the Paris Agreement requires. The rest have no binding plan. The Loss and Damage Fund , created at COP27 after years of advocacy by countries like Pakistan, opened its first USD 250 million call for proposals at COP30 in Belém, Brazil.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 140, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 313, "end": 337, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "the Glasgow Climate Pact"}, {"start": 341, "end": 345, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 432, "end": 442, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40 billion"}, {"start": 446, "end": 450, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 452, "end": 456, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CARE"}, {"start": 457, "end": 464, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Denmark"}, {"start": 544, "end": 554, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12 billion"}, {"start": 561, "end": 563, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 638, "end": 651, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 653, "end": 667, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 669, "end": 675, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 681, "end": 688, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 760, "end": 772, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Only Denmark"}, {"start": 774, "end": 785, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Zealand"}, {"start": 795, "end": 806, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Netherlands"}, {"start": 855, "end": 859, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 911, "end": 926, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Paris Agreement"}, {"start": 972, "end": 992, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Loss and Damage Fund"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1062, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1096, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "250 million"}, {"start": 1128, "end": 1133, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belém"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1141, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}]}
{"unique_index": 21688, "source_text": "Against Pakistan’s actual losses, that figure is close to symbolic. Pakistan’s Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb said at COP30 that the Green Climate Fund was mired in bureaucracy and the Loss and Damage Fund had made little real progress. Pakistan continues to borrow through costly multilateral loans to pay for damage it did not cause. Gaps in responses to GLOFs Inside Pakistan, the response has its own gaps. The GLOF-II project , a joint initiative between the Ministry of Climate Change and UNDP Pakistan, funded by the Green Climate Fund, aims to build 250 engineering structures and extend early warning systems across 24 vulnerable valleys. When complete, it should allow 95 percent of households in target communities to receive and act on flood warnings, protecting roughly 29 million people. These are meaningful targets. But the project has run since 2017 and has not prevented disasters across Gilgit-Baltistan. What is planned in Islamabad does not always arrive in a remote valley in Baltistan. A UNESCO review of Pakistan’s flood early warning system found persistent gaps between monitoring agencies and response teams.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 16, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 68, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 79, "end": 95, "label": "JOB", "value": "Finance Minister"}, {"start": 96, "end": 114, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muhammad Aurangzeb"}, {"start": 138, "end": 156, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Green Climate Fund"}, {"start": 190, "end": 210, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Loss and Damage Fund"}, {"start": 242, "end": 250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 375, "end": 383, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 500, "end": 504, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 505, "end": 513, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 529, "end": 547, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Green Climate Fund"}, {"start": 563, "end": 566, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "250"}, {"start": 630, "end": 632, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 684, "end": 686, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95"}, {"start": 788, "end": 798, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29 million"}, {"start": 867, "end": 871, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 948, "end": 957, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1022, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1041, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21689, "source_text": "A warning issued in the capital does not automatically reach a farmer in Upper Swat. When it does arrive, that farmer may have no evacuation route, no shelter, and no trained neighbors to help. The national Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and its provincial and district bodies form a chain where information stalls at every link. Early warning systems currently cover just 24 valleys across 18 districts against a landscape of over 3,000 lakes spread across dozens of remote ranges. Human pressure sharpens the risk further. Unplanned tourism, unchecked construction, and persistent deforestation are stripping the natural buffers that once slowed erosion and absorbed runoff. In Hunza and Astore, hotels have appeared near tree lines , with no waste management and no coherent land-use plan. Road construction for tourism has led to significant deforestation and soil erosion across northern valleys. The Gilgit-Baltistan Environmental Protection Agency has recommended a five-year ban on hotel construction in several parts of the Gilgit-Baltistan. That recommendation has not been fully enforced. Tourism brings real income to mountain economies, and local governments face genuine pressure not to restrict it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 69, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 111, "end": 117, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 207, "end": 236, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Disaster Management Authority"}, {"start": 238, "end": 242, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NDMA"}, {"start": 358, "end": 367, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 379, "end": 381, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 397, "end": 399, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 438, "end": 443, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,000"}, {"start": 464, "end": 470, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 912, "end": 960, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gilgit-Baltistan Environmental Protection Agency"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1025, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21690, "source_text": "But every hotel built on a fragile hillside and every stretch of forest cleared for a road leaves an already strained landscape even more vulnerable. The science has been consistent for over a decade. In the Eastern Hindu Kush alone, the number of glacial lakes rose from 101 in 2000 to 162 in 2020 , while their combined surface area expanded from 9.72 to 12.36 square kilometers. The Pakistan Meteorological Department has warned that if warm temperatures persist, the melt rate and GLOF frequency will both increase. A UN report ahead of COP30 estimated that developing countries need between USD 310 and 365 billion per year for climate adaptation by 2035. Rich nations provided USD 26 billion in 2023. For Pakistan’s mountain communities, that arithmetic is not abstract. In 2024, a GLOF in the Hunza Valley destroyed a bridge connecting two parts of a village and damaged homes and mountain gardens. That bridge was not a convenience — it was a lifeline. It was how families reached markets, schools, and hospitals. Its loss was not a statistic. It was a community cut off.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 272, "end": 275, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "101"}, {"start": 279, "end": 283, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2000"}, {"start": 287, "end": 290, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "162"}, {"start": 294, "end": 298, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 349, "end": 362, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9.72 to 12.36"}, {"start": 386, "end": 420, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pakistan Meteorological Department"}, {"start": 505, "end": 509, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 522, "end": 524, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 600, "end": 619, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "310 and 365 billion"}, {"start": 655, "end": 659, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2035"}, {"start": 687, "end": 697, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26 billion"}, {"start": 701, "end": 705, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 711, "end": 719, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 780, "end": 784, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 800, "end": 812, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hunza Valley"}, {"start": 843, "end": 846, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21691, "source_text": "How to protect people in the future Pakistan did not cause the climate crisis, but it absorbs some of its worst costs. The glacial lakes forming across its northern ranges are a direct result of emissions from industrialized economies. The communities below them lack the infrastructure, the resources, and often the political voice to demand faster action. International funding through projects like GLOF-II is necessary but not sufficient. Wealthy nations pledged to double adaptation finance and delivered less than a third of that amount. The Loss and Damage Fund , won after years of advocacy, opened with USD 250 million against losses that run into tens of billions. Pakistan’s own authorities must treat prevention as a standing domestic priority, not a deliverable tied to foreign grant cycles. Stricter environmental enforcement, honest land-use planning, and full-coverage early-warning systems are not expensive dreams. They are the minimum that the millions of exposed people deserve. The lakes are already there. The question is whether the money, the institutions, and the will to protect people from them will arrive before the next outburst does.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 44, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 548, "end": 568, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Loss and Damage Fund"}, {"start": 616, "end": 627, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "250 million"}, {"start": 665, "end": 673, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "billions"}, {"start": 675, "end": 683, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 963, "end": 971, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 21733, "source_text": "The meme that became a movement: Inside India’s Cockroach Janta Party\n\nOn an ordinary day in New Delhi, an off-the-cuff remark in India’s highest court triggered something no one had planned for: Within days, millions of young Indians were publicly calling themselves “cockroaches” and signing up for a party that does not even exist on the Election Commission’s rolls. The Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) began as a meme, yet it has quickly become one of the most visible expressions of youth anger over unemployment, examination leaks, and a political system that seems to talk about young people more than it listens to them. Origins and reappropriation The roots of the CJP stem from a Supreme Court hearing on May 15, 2026, about fake degrees and professional ethics. During the proceedings, Chief Justice Surya Kant reportedly used terms like “cockroaches” and “parasites” to describe lawyers and individuals with dubious qualifications. According to accounts from the hearing , he said: There are already parasites of society who attack the system and you want to join hands with them?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The meme that became a movement: Inside India’s Cockroach Janta Party"}, {"start": 130, "end": 135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 209, "end": 217, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 341, "end": 360, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Election Commission"}, {"start": 374, "end": 395, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janta Party"}, {"start": 397, "end": 400, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 686, "end": 699, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 711, "end": 723, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 15, 2026"}, {"start": 793, "end": 806, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Justice"}, {"start": 807, "end": 817, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Surya Kant"}, {"start": 887, "end": 894, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21734, "source_text": "There are youngsters like cockroaches, who don’t get any employment and don’t have any place in the profession. Some of them become media, some of them become social media, some of them become RTI activists, some of them become other activists, and they start attacking everyone … and you people file contempt petitions! Traditional media paraphrased the remarks, and they spread widely. Posts circulated online stripped of context, and social-media commentary quickly settled into a dominant narrative: that India’s top judge had compared the country’s struggling young people to vermin. The Chief Justice later clarified that his criticism was directed only at those with forged credentials. Youth users on social media seized the insult and reframed it as an identity, deciding that “ cockroach ” would be a badge of solidarity rather than a slur. Anatomy and demands While the movement initially appeared leaderless in its meme flows , one person emerged as its most recognizable organizer: Abhijeet Dipke , a 30-year-old Indian student in the United States with a background in political communication and social media work for Indian parties.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 197, "end": 206, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 234, "end": 243, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 509, "end": 514, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 521, "end": 526, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 593, "end": 606, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Justice"}, {"start": 940, "end": 943, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 984, "end": 993, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizer"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1009, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abhijeet Dipke"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1025, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30-year-old"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1061, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}]}
{"unique_index": 21735, "source_text": "Dipke describes CJP as “a political front of the youth, by the youth, for the youth.” The movement launched on May 16, 2026 — the day after the CJI’s remarks — when Dipke posted a Google Form and an Instagram graphic bearing the caption “ Main Bhi (I am also a) Cockroach.” Within 48 hours, online registrations had surpassed 25,000, and by May 17 , membership estimates ranged from 40,000 to 45,000. On Instagram, the account surged from zero to roughly 500,000 followers in one day, hit three million by May 18, and crossed 10 million within four days — surpassing the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party’s ( BJP ) 8.7 million subscribers. Dipke and a small circle manage central accounts and calls to action, but much of the movement’s vitality comes from decentralized participation: anonymous meme-creators, local pages adopting the cockroach aesthetic, and chat groups among students preparing for competitive exams. Calling yourself a “cockroach” in a social media bio immediately marks membership , turning the emoji into a badge of online solidarity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dipke"}, {"start": 111, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 16, 2026"}, {"start": 165, "end": 170, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dipke"}, {"start": 180, "end": 186, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 199, "end": 208, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 281, "end": 289, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "48 hours"}, {"start": 326, "end": 332, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25,000"}, {"start": 341, "end": 347, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 17"}, {"start": 383, "end": 399, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40,000 to 45,000"}, {"start": 404, "end": 413, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 439, "end": 443, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 455, "end": 462, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500,000"}, {"start": 476, "end": 483, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one day"}, {"start": 489, "end": 502, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three million"}, {"start": 506, "end": 512, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 18"}, {"start": 526, "end": 536, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10 million"}, {"start": 544, "end": 553, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four days"}, {"start": 578, "end": 600, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bharatiya Janata Party"}, {"start": 605, "end": 608, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BJP"}, {"start": 611, "end": 622, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8.7 million"}, {"start": 636, "end": 641, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dipke"}, {"start": 797, "end": 805, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}]}
{"unique_index": 21736, "source_text": "Beneath the satirical aesthetic lies a coherent cluster of institutional demands. CJP posts and “manifestos” have repeatedly advocated called on officials to curtail judicial–executive revolving doors in the Indian Judiciary system; strengthen anti-defection norms in the parliament; expand women’s representation to 50 percent in Parliament and state assemblies; regulate partisan media to curb disinformation; and ensure the integrity of competitive public examinations through independent oversight and strict liability for question leaks . The speed of CJP’s growth can be explained by a convergence of structural grievances. The movement plugged into three overlapping frustrations among young Indians: Unemployment and underemployment , repeated examination leaks and institutional incompetence, and elite condescension that oscillates between paternalism and suspicion. The alleged “cockroach” remark fits neatly into a pre-existing narrative of systemic disrespect. From social media virality to street protests CJP’s first protest at Jantar Mantar (observatory) in New Delhi on June 6, 2026, marked a transition from digital to physical mobilization. Hundreds of supporters, primarily students and recent graduates, wore cockroach masks and carried worn examination preparation books alongside national flags.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 317, "end": 319, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 656, "end": 661, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1099, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 6, 2026"}, {"start": 1160, "end": 1168, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Hundreds"}]}
{"unique_index": 21737, "source_text": "Dipke returned from the United States to lead the rally, calling for the resignation of Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over recurring examination leaks and grading errors. Journalist Vijaita Singh shared on X (Formerly Twitter) By June 22, the protest had escalated into a sustained camp-out . The group explicitly stated it would not disperse until the Education Minister stepped down, linking the occupation directly to the NEET medical entrance examination scandal — a nationwide admission test to be eligible to enter into Medical Colleges and Universities was cancelled on May 12 after investigators uncovered a multi-state racket that had scanned and circulated a handwritten question paper on WhatsApp and Telegram, forcing over 2.2 million students to sit for a re-test. In addition to holding the National Testing Agency (NTA) directly accountable for these systemic failures, the movement has also broadened its scope to oppose the National Education Policy (NEP 2020). Condemning the NEP as part of an anti-student agenda , protesters and their allies are demanding systemic reforms to safeguard a genuinely equitable, accessible, and democratic education framework nationwide.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dipke"}, {"start": 24, "end": 37, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 88, "end": 106, "label": "JOB", "value": "Education Minister"}, {"start": 107, "end": 125, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 179, "end": 189, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalist"}, {"start": 190, "end": 203, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vijaita Singh"}, {"start": 214, "end": 215, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 226, "end": 233, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 238, "end": 245, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 22"}, {"start": 361, "end": 379, "label": "JOB", "value": "Education Minister"}, {"start": 585, "end": 591, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 12"}, {"start": 707, "end": 715, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 720, "end": 728, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 743, "end": 754, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.2 million"}, {"start": 813, "end": 836, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Testing Agency"}, {"start": 838, "end": 841, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NTA"}, {"start": 949, "end": 974, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Education Policy"}, {"start": 980, "end": 984, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}]}
{"unique_index": 21738, "source_text": "As of June 28, protesters remained camped at the site, where renowned innovator and activist Sonam Wangchuk began an indefinite hunger strike after the Central Government failed to respond to his June 27 ultimatum over the student crisis; Dipke has also alleged that BJP supporters had assaulted protesters and journalists there during the demonstration over the NEET paper leak and exam irregularities. The physical presence served three functions: it proved that CJP’s following was not purely virtual ; it provided a media hook that amplified the narrative beyond the movement’s own channels; and it escalated the stakes, bringing policing and surveillance to the fore. Celebrated allies and cross-generational solidarity On June 2, Sonam Wangchuk — a well-known Ladakh-based engineer, education reformer, and climate activist — announced that he would join the June 6 protest if no action was taken by June 5, declaring that “any self-respecting Minister should resign if things go so wrong.” After speaking with Dipke, he concluded that the campaign was “highly patriotic” and free of “foreign forces,” explicitly rebutting the state’s emerging narrative of external manipulation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 13, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 28"}, {"start": 84, "end": 92, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 93, "end": 107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 152, "end": 170, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Central Government"}, {"start": 196, "end": 203, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 27"}, {"start": 239, "end": 244, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dipke"}, {"start": 267, "end": 270, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BJP"}, {"start": 311, "end": 322, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 433, "end": 438, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 728, "end": 734, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2"}, {"start": 736, "end": 750, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 779, "end": 787, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineer"}, {"start": 813, "end": 829, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate activist"}, {"start": 865, "end": 871, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 6"}, {"start": 906, "end": 912, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 5"}, {"start": 950, "end": 958, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1022, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dipke"}]}
{"unique_index": 21739, "source_text": "Wangchuk joined the Jantar Mantar demonstration on June 6 and a Bengaluru protest on June 15 . Actor and activist Prakash Raj joined the 15 June Bengaluru protest at Freedom Park, addressing a rain-soaked crowd alongside Wangchuk and Dipke. Actor Atul Kulkarni likewise urged young citizens to join, while the movement named official spokespersons — investigative journalist Saurav Das, public policy professional Ashutosh Ranka, and political researcher Vijeta Dahiya — to manage its expanding media interface. The endorsement of figures with established records in education reform and civil society complicated the state’s discursive strategy of dismissing CJP as immature or foreign-funded . It also altered the visual register of the protests: alongside cockroach masks and memes, the cameras now captured nationally recognized faces standing under umbrellas with examination papers in hand. State and party responses Once CJP crossed a visibility threshold, state responses followed along three axes. Regulatory and technical measures included reports that , within a week of its launch, the CJP website was taken down and social media content mentioning the group was geo-blocked or restricted .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Wangchuk"}, {"start": 51, "end": 57, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 6"}, {"start": 85, "end": 92, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 15"}, {"start": 95, "end": 100, "label": "JOB", "value": "Actor"}, {"start": 105, "end": 113, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 114, "end": 125, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Prakash Raj"}, {"start": 137, "end": 144, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 June"}, {"start": 166, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Freedom Park"}, {"start": 221, "end": 229, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Wangchuk"}, {"start": 234, "end": 239, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dipke"}, {"start": 241, "end": 246, "label": "JOB", "value": "Actor"}, {"start": 247, "end": 260, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Atul Kulkarni"}, {"start": 334, "end": 347, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokespersons"}, {"start": 364, "end": 374, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 375, "end": 385, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saurav Das"}, {"start": 414, "end": 428, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ashutosh Ranka"}, {"start": 444, "end": 454, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 455, "end": 468, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vijeta Dahiya"}, {"start": 798, "end": 801, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1000, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 21740, "source_text": "Screenshots of “account withheld in India” notices circulated online, reinforcing the narrative that powerful institutions could not take a joke. Within hours of the attempted restriction, CJP launched a replacement X account under the handle @Cockroachisback, with its first post declaring, “You thought you can get rid of us? Lol,” accompanied by an AI-generated poster reading “Cockroach Is Back.” The new account gained 23,800 followers in its first 90 minutes and carried a bio that simply stated: “Cockroaches don’t die.” Legal pushback came through a public interest litigation framing CJP’s use of courtroom remarks and judicial imagery as an illegitimate “commercialization” that misled the public and harmed judicial dignity. Discursively, the state and its allies dismissed CJP as “foreign-funded,” an opposition front, or merely irresponsible youth, avoiding engagement with the substance of its demands. Opposition leaders such as Akhilesh Yadav of the of the Samajwadi Party and Arvind Kejriwal of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) have referenced CJP as a symbol of public frustration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 216, "end": 217, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 424, "end": 430, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23,800"}, {"start": 454, "end": 464, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "90 minutes"}, {"start": 917, "end": 935, "label": "JOB", "value": "Opposition leaders"}, {"start": 973, "end": 1008, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Samajwadi Party and Arvind Kejriwal"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1031, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aam Aadmi Party"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1036, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AAP"}]}
{"unique_index": 21741, "source_text": "Other figures have offered more direct backing; for example, Communist Party of India (CPI) General Secretary D. Raja expressed unwavering support for the CJP-led protests regarding the NEET paper leak crisis. Despite this varied backing, some leaders still remain skeptical of the movement. Why this matters The movement has already produced a measurable effect : It has placed examination integrity, judicial–executive appointment patterns, and platform governance onto a public agenda that youth constituencies had previously addressed through individualized complaint rather than collective claim . Whether CJP consolidates into a formal advocacy structure, fractures under state pressure, or is absorbed into existing party architectures will provide further data on the lifecycle of meme-driven mobilization in an environment where formal bans are absent but infrastructural throttling is in effect.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 61, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Communist Party"}, {"start": 80, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 87, "end": 90, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CPI"}, {"start": 92, "end": 109, "label": "JOB", "value": "General Secretary"}, {"start": 110, "end": 117, "label": "PERSON", "value": "D. Raja"}]}
{"unique_index": 21742, "source_text": "No safety, no way out: The Rohingya girls caught between aid cuts and child marriage in Bangladesh\n\nDespite living in Myanmar’s Rakhine State for generations, the Rohingya remain the world’s largest stateless population due to a systematic denial of citizenship. Nine years after 750,000 Rohingya fled violence in Rakhine State to find safety in Bangladesh, nearly one million refugees remain trapped in 33 congested camps in Cox’s Bazar. That legal limbo has seized basic rights to schooling, healthcare, or protection under national law, leaving them entirely dependent on whatever aid arrives. When a girl has no state to grant her rights and no functioning system left to enforce them, marriage becomes one of a family’s only pathways to give her a semblance of stability. Maryam, a Rohingya child in Kutupalong refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, was 13 years old when her learning center closed. Her teacher noticed the absence first — an empty chair where a quiet, attentive girl used to sit.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 98, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "No safety, no way out: The Rohingya girls caught between aid cuts and child marriage in Bangladesh"}, {"start": 118, "end": 141, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar’s Rakhine State"}, {"start": 263, "end": 279, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Nine years after"}, {"start": 280, "end": 287, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "750,000"}, {"start": 314, "end": 327, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rakhine State"}, {"start": 346, "end": 356, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 365, "end": 376, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one million"}, {"start": 404, "end": 406, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33"}, {"start": 426, "end": 437, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 832, "end": 843, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 845, "end": 855, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 861, "end": 873, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "13 years old"}, {"start": 911, "end": 918, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 956, "end": 961, "label": "JOB", "value": "chair"}]}
{"unique_index": 21743, "source_text": "Within three weeks of the shutdown of schools after the USAID funding cuts in 2025 , Maryam’s mother had agreed to a marriage proposal. The groom was 34. A local religious figure told the family that since Maryam had reached puberty, delay was spiritually dangerous. Her mother — widowed, in debt, managing three younger children alone — accepted the reasoning. She also accepted the relief. The dowry asked for was barely two thousand Taka — roughly USD 16. Nobody objected, despite the fact that in Bangladesh, the legal minimum age for marriage is 18 for women and 21 for men. The block’s Majhee , a community leader in that camp, prepared the contract. Maryam is now 14 and pregnant. Her in-laws will not allow her to return to school, even as new learning centers slowly reopen nearby. Her teacher said, “When a girl gets married, she never comes back to the classroom with her small dream.” For Maryam, that is already permanent. A widow’s impossible choice Across 33 official camps in Ukhiya and Teknaf in southern Bangladesh, another story unfolded with quieter violence in camp 20.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 18, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three weeks"}, {"start": 78, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 150, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "34"}, {"start": 307, "end": 312, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 423, "end": 435, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two thousand"}, {"start": 455, "end": 457, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16"}, {"start": 501, "end": 511, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 551, "end": 553, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18"}, {"start": 568, "end": 570, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "21"}, {"start": 592, "end": 598, "label": "JOB", "value": "Majhee"}, {"start": 603, "end": 619, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leader"}, {"start": 667, "end": 670, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 671, "end": 673, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14"}, {"start": 795, "end": 802, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 971, "end": 973, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1032, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1089, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}]}
{"unique_index": 21744, "source_text": "Suriya, a 40-year-old widow managing her household alone after losing her husband during the sea crossing from Myanmar, owed a debt she could not repay. Her daughter Fatima was 14. Their block majhee — a man in his mid-fifties with three existing wives, controlling food distribution and marriage registration for the entire block — had been offering help for months. Extra food. Debt forgiveness. Promises of protection. Then came the proposal. Suriya experienced it as the best available option in an impossible situation. As a policy brief, published by the Center for Peace and Justice, BRAC University, documents precisely: “In most cases, this marriage pressure comes from those who give and offer other forms of protection and support.” The majhee needed a fourth wife — in his community, that number is not excess but evidence of leadership. “If a majhee doesn’t have at least four wives, he is not considered a leader,” a humanitarian worker said during an interview. Fatima became a transaction. The marriage happened informally. No Camp in Charge (CiC) office approval was sought. No age documentation was presented.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "40-year-old"}, {"start": 111, "end": 118, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 177, "end": 179, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14"}, {"start": 232, "end": 237, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 561, "end": 589, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Center for Peace and Justice"}, {"start": 591, "end": 606, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BRAC University"}, {"start": 885, "end": 889, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}]}
{"unique_index": 21745, "source_text": "These two stories are not exceptional. They are the pattern. The numbers behind the silence What is happening inside the camps rarely appears in a single dataset. Verified child marriage cases among refugees rose 21 percent last year, child abductions more than quadrupled to 560 reported cases, and armed group recruitment of children grew eightfold in 2025. A 2021 study on the usage pattern of contraception among Rohingya in the camps found the average age at first marriage in the camps was 15.7 years, and over 62 percent of Rohingya women in the camps were already wed before age 18. These figures were documented before the latest funding collapse and have likely only risen since then. Patrick Halton, UNICEF’s child protection manager, connected the numbers to the school closures directly: “With the funding cuts, we had to downscale a lot in terms of education. It meant that children have not necessarily had things to do, and we’ve therefore seen this rise in children being married.” A female teacher who teaches higher grades confirmed during the interview.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 9, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 213, "end": 215, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21"}, {"start": 224, "end": 233, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 276, "end": 279, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "560"}, {"start": 354, "end": 358, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 362, "end": 366, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 496, "end": 506, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15.7 years"}, {"start": 517, "end": 519, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "62"}, {"start": 587, "end": 589, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18"}, {"start": 695, "end": 709, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Patrick Halton"}, {"start": 711, "end": 717, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 737, "end": 744, "label": "JOB", "value": "manager"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1015, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}]}
{"unique_index": 21746, "source_text": "“I have found a significant number of dropouts because of marriage in my classes,” she said. “When a girl gets married, she never comes back to the classroom with her small dream. Mostly, her in-laws don’t allow her to return to school.” Faith, puberty, and the architecture of consent Why do families like Maryam’s not resist? How does religious framing function? The logic circulating in many camps is specific: once a girl reaches puberty, she is marriageable, and delay invites sin. The above-mentioned policy brief records a religious leader’s position directly — that as long as a child has grown up and the situation allows, parents must marry them to safeguard against fornication. It is the dominant operating framework for many families, especially those without educated male heads of household. A humanitarian project manager, interviewed via email, described the reality plainly: “Girls are given in marriage before having sexual knowledge. They don’t know anything about sexual safety.” She added something more disturbing still — that many of these girls have no concept of what torture or rape means within marriage.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 390, "end": 394, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 530, "end": 546, "label": "JOB", "value": "religious leader"}, {"start": 733, "end": 737, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 822, "end": 837, "label": "JOB", "value": "project manager"}]}
{"unique_index": 21747, "source_text": "“They believe the husband has the right to torture her,” she said. The violence is not hidden from these girls. It is pre-explained as normal. Parental preference for religious madrashah education over the general stream of schooling deepens this architecture. This education focuses on basic Quranic recitation, and deeper Islamic jurisprudence operates alongside the official NGO-led learning centers. The camps also host around 1,000 madrashahs, which have become deeply trusted community infrastructure across 33 camps. “Most parents don’t want their daughter to get a formal education at school. They prefer sending their daughters to madrashah for religious education only,” the same project manager observed. This means that even when learning centers were open, they were fighting parental ideology. When dowry collapses Academic research shows that in Myanmar, child marriage was partly suppressed by the sheer cost of marrying — bribes to military officials, dowries ranging from USD 2,300 to USD 3,300, and additional formal fees. That financial architecture no longer exists in the camps. Dowry costs have fallen. No bribes are required. No military fees apply.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 431, "end": 436, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 514, "end": 516, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33"}, {"start": 690, "end": 705, "label": "JOB", "value": "project manager"}, {"start": 861, "end": 868, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 994, "end": 999, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,300"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1012, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,300"}]}
{"unique_index": 21748, "source_text": "Previous research notes this directly: “In some cases, this means marriage happens before age 18.” The camp system, by removing financial barriers, inadvertently removed one of the few practical brakes on child marriage. The camp ration system introduced further incentives. Because all refugees receive food rations regardless of household size, men can feed multiple wives without earning income. The traditional economic argument against polygamy — that a man must provide equally for multiple households — collapses entirely. Silence, impunity, and the collapse of protection Child marriage and gender-based violence in these camps happen, overwhelmingly, in silence. Camp-in-Charge (CiC) offices , the highest authority within each camp, have approval processes and age verification requirements on paper. In practice, the BRAC University policy brief documents widespread evasion — easy to accomplish because “CiCs do not have any monitoring team to investigate the issue deeply.” Marriages happen informally. Majhees do not report what they have been paid not to report. Community members who witness violations often stay silent to avoid conflict with those who hold power over their rations, their shelter, and daily survival.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 94, "end": 96, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18"}, {"start": 181, "end": 184, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 828, "end": 843, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BRAC University"}, {"start": 1220, "end": 1225, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21749, "source_text": "The result is a protection ecosystem that exists structurally but fails operationally. The girls are already married into households that forbid their return to school, already trafficked, already pregnant — they are not recoverable within this crisis response cycle. The rise of child marriage in Cox’s Bazar is not a single-cause crisis. It is the product of layered failures that reinforce each other. Polygamous marriage , enabled by collapsing dowry costs and ration-based food security, concentrates women and girls as resources in the hands of powerful men. Maryam’s chair in the learning center remains empty. Fatima’s silence continues as she is moved into the majhee’s compound. These are not tragedies at the margins. They are the logical outcome of a system that has run out of tools to protect the people it was built to serve. The question is no longer whether child marriage is rising in these camps. The question is whether the international community, having cut the funding that protected these children, will acknowledge that it helped build the conditions for what is now happening.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 298, "end": 309, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 574, "end": 579, "label": "JOB", "value": "chair"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1091, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21757, "source_text": "Why gender diversity matters in technology\n\nWhen NASA was preparing for the launch of Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983, the engineers asked Sally Ride, the first American woman in space, if 100 tampons were enough for a six-day flight . In November 2025, the US Transportation Department unveiled THOR-05F, the first crash test dummy specifically based on a woman’s body, and not just a scaled-down version of the crash test dummy based on men’s bodies. Several new model cars today, by default, unlock all doors as soon as the car is put into “park’ or when the ignition is turned off, which can be particularly unsafe for women and LGBTQ+ people. This setting has to be manually changed. Closer to home, in various social justice spaces and conferences, there are often panels and conversations taking place that only have men speaking and moderating. Colloquially called “manels,” they are a visible indicator and reminder of how the lack of gender diversity in a conversation is not seen as a problem or even as something unusual.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 42, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Why gender diversity matters in technology"}, {"start": 114, "end": 118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1983"}, {"start": 124, "end": 133, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineers"}, {"start": 140, "end": 150, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sally Ride"}, {"start": 190, "end": 193, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 240, "end": 253, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 259, "end": 287, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "US Transportation Department"}, {"start": 454, "end": 461, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 477, "end": 482, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21758, "source_text": "The literal absence of women and gender diverse people across all levels of design and decision-making can be, and is often, dangerous and life-threatening to over half the global population. Inversely, in many contexts where non-heteronormative sexuality and gender expression are legally and socially criminalized, LGBTQ+ people and women are often scapegoats for moral social decay and are positioned as the reason for failed governance or even natural disasters . Through digital misinformation and disinformation, and with widespread platform apathy and inaction , narratives around women and gender-diverse people and communities have been manipulated to promote language that results in violence experienced both online and offline by these communities. A recent poll by Gallup in the United States, a country previously considered progressive for its inclusion and legislative advancements for women and LGBTIQA+ people , found that, for the first time in nearly two decades, positive public sentiments for same-sex marriage and trans identities (the entire range of diverse trans identities beyond the man–woman binary) and rights are on the downturn.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 164, "end": 168, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 206, "end": 210, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 715, "end": 719, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 792, "end": 805, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 971, "end": 982, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades"}]}
{"unique_index": 21759, "source_text": "Intolerance for and active exclusion of women and gender diverse people is on the increase, and these shifts do and will continue to have a negative effect on advancements that have helped create a more equitable world. Gender diversity broadly refers to the equitable representation and inclusion of people of different gender identities and expressions. Improving gender diversity is commonly understood as the intentional inclusion of women in various spaces and fields. It should be understood to also include non-binary, transgender, genderfluid, agender, and other gender-diverse individuals. True gender diversity needs to move beyond traditional binary understandings of gender and look at gender as a galaxy, rather than fixed categories and boxes. Why does gender diversity matter anyway? The experiences and lived realities of women and LGBTIQA+ people from all walks of life differ fundamentally from those of people whose lives conform to dominant socially and legally accepted power structures, often presented as normative, such as heterosexuality and patriarchy. This exclusion of women, genders, and sexualities seen as “not normal” to a certain society adversely affects the whole society, as well as the targeted groups and individuals.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21760, "source_text": "This exclusion has wide-reaching consequences, including but not limited to the formulation of policies and laws that limit access to life-saving healthcare, foundational education, and identity and travel documents. Rolling back advancements on gender diversity and inclusion creates unequal societies. Studies have shown that societies that exclude on the basis of gender and sexuality, as well as race, class, caste, disability, and religion, advance much more slowly than societies that create more equal opportunities for the whole community, regardless of differences. The current trend of rejecting and reversing existing initiatives that have sought to right various inequalities (including gender diversity), puts our collective potential for change at risk, and threatens to undo centuries of progress towards a world with better lived experiences for all. Gender diversity and technology There is a widespread opinion, or maybe even an aspiration, that technology is perceived as neutral. This is not true or possible because the biases and lack of inclusion from the offline physical worlds get translated into online spaces and are built into technologies, which are then marketed as unbiased.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21761, "source_text": "In today’s world, where technology is integral to and enmeshed in our lives and bodies, attention to gender diversity in technology is urgent. Technologies and their applications need to be supplemented with digital rights and safety conversations that take into specific account how they further widen existing gaps. Facial recognition technology, generative artificial intelligence, and other surveillance technologies are being increasingly used to influence democratic and governance processes and by local authorities in policing, welfare systems and more. The prejudices and biases that exist in the physical world and societies are also reflected in the data used to train these technologies, which replicates the biases against women and gender diverse people, Black people and people of colour, and other structurally marginalised communities. Large Language Models (LLMs), which power generative AI tools like ChatGPT, Claude, etc., are more likely to give users of African American English lower-prestige jobs, more likely to convict them of a crime, and more likely to sentence them to death rather than life imprisonment for committing murder .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 920, "end": 927, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}, {"start": 929, "end": 935, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}]}
{"unique_index": 21762, "source_text": "A UN Women study found that nearly one in four women human rights defenders surveyed have been subjected to AI-assisted online violence with severe repercussions in the offline world. Without pushing for gender diversity in technology, women and gender diverse persons will continue to be pushed through the gaps in the systems. Technology-facilitated gender-based violence disproportionately impacts the safety, access, and rights of women, LGBTQ+ persons, and other structurally silenced communities, especially those who are vocal and visible on social media platforms. Because our lives now exist in the continuum of online and offline, this impact is felt in both digital and physical spaces and lives, as well as in the mental health of the survivors. Dr. Joy Buolawini and Dr. Timnit Gebru’s 2018 landmark study, “ Gender Shades ,” revealed that facial recognition technology by Microsoft, IBM, and Face++ had the lowest error rates of 0.8 percent with lighter-skinned male faces, and the highest error rates of 34.7 percent when it came to identifying darker female faces.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 10, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Women"}, {"start": 35, "end": 46, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one in four"}, {"start": 53, "end": 75, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 591, "end": 594, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 799, "end": 803, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 886, "end": 895, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 943, "end": 946, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.8"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1023, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34.7"}]}
{"unique_index": 21763, "source_text": "This study and several others that followed led to bans on the use of facial recognition by police departments in several states in the US because of its inbuilt racial bias and capacity to exacerbate structural racial inequalities. In India, a 50-year-old welfare program denies food rations to pregnant women and new mothers , as the AI facial recognition technology now used to verify identities fails to match the changing faces compared to photos taken years ago as part of identity systems. A recent study showed that popular artificial intelligence models reproduce harmful caste-based stereotypes and bias , and discriminate against people from oppressed castes who are comparatively underrepresented in the media and online. This highlights that, while gender diversity is an essential lens in how we approach digital rights and technologies, this will be incomplete without factoring in the intersectionality of race, caste, location and ability.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 22, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 114, "end": 121, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 136, "end": 138, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 236, "end": 241, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 245, "end": 256, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "50-year-old"}, {"start": 369, "end": 372, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21764, "source_text": "The time is now The current rightward spin of the world and the constant attacks on gender diversity and other social justice interventions by governments, Big Tech, and other powers make it hard for us to push for rights and liberties at this moment. Which is why now is the time to hold the line by continuing to tell our stories and demand presence at the tables where decisions are made in all our intersectional glory. Because we understand that all our oppressions are interconnected, and that the role technology plays in our lives is impossible to escape, we all need to gather our resources, ideas and skills towards more collectivist actions and less siloed approaches to problem solving. In the face of interconnected systems of heteropatriarchy, racism, settler colonialism, caste oppression, rampant capitalism, militarisation, technoauthoritarianism and commodification of the planet and the global south, our hope rests on the strength of our diversity as we move together imperfectly towards our collective liberations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 265, "end": 268, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}