{"unique_index": 621, "source_text": "The Sudanese army has made one of its most significant advances in Kordofan this year, saying it has recaptured the towns of Bara, Umm Sayala and Jabra al-Sheikh following a large-scale offensive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 30, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 67, "end": 75, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kordofan"}, {"start": 76, "end": 85, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 125, "end": 129, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bara"}, {"start": 131, "end": 141, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Umm Sayala"}, {"start": 146, "end": 161, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jabra al-Sheikh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20010, "source_text": "GridPilot is a system built by Alpine Energy Cooperative; Amara Diallo demonstrated it in Harbor Conference Center at 10:10 a.m. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "GridPilot"}, {"start": 31, "end": 56, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alpine Energy Cooperative"}, {"start": 58, "end": 70, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amara Diallo"}, {"start": 90, "end": 114, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Harbor Conference Center"}, {"start": 118, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10:10 a.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 20004, "source_text": "Sara Lindholm, a climate scientist at Atlas Research Institute, deployed ScoutLens in Nairobi on December 6, 2028. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sara Lindholm"}, {"start": 17, "end": 34, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate scientist"}, {"start": 38, "end": 62, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlas Research Institute"}, {"start": 73, "end": 82, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ScoutLens"}, {"start": 86, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nairobi"}, {"start": 97, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 6, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20109, "source_text": "On March 3, 2028, robotics technician Samuel Mensah trained a industrial designer at Horizon Robotics. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3, 2028"}, {"start": 18, "end": 37, "label": "JOB", "value": "robotics technician"}, {"start": 38, "end": 51, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Samuel Mensah"}, {"start": 62, "end": 81, "label": "JOB", "value": "industrial designer"}, {"start": 85, "end": 101, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}]}
{"unique_index": 20047, "source_text": "Unlike Pacific Health Cooperative, QuickClinic is a product rather than a company; Victor Ionescu tested it in Accra on March 3, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Health Cooperative"}, {"start": 35, "end": 46, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "QuickClinic"}, {"start": 83, "end": 97, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Victor Ionescu"}, {"start": 111, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Accra"}, {"start": 120, "end": 133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 588, "source_text": "The efforts of communities who have canceled, rejected, or deactivated automated license plate readers have exposed these as authoritarian tools, both a symptom and a mechanism enabling this political moment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 146, "end": 150, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20121, "source_text": "Riverstone Bank opened a branch in Tallinn; Binta Sow became its financial auditor on November 17, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riverstone Bank"}, {"start": 35, "end": 42, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tallinn"}, {"start": 44, "end": 53, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Binta Sow"}, {"start": 65, "end": 82, "label": "JOB", "value": "financial auditor"}, {"start": 86, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 17, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20054, "source_text": "Sara Lindholm reviewed JadeStudio in “Cities Without Walls”, published by Maple Arts Collective on July 14, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sara Lindholm"}, {"start": 23, "end": 33, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 38, "end": 58, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cities Without Walls"}, {"start": 74, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 99, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 14, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 16, "source_text": "A Guided Advanced Tactical Rocket (GATR) is a low-cost guided missile equipped with a steel-cased M282 warhead and a programmable fuze.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 33, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Guided Advanced Tactical Rocket"}, {"start": 35, "end": 39, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "GATR"}, {"start": 98, "end": 110, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "M282 warhead"}]}
{"unique_index": 44, "source_text": "La Liga side replace Willy Caballero after his switch to Manchester City . Ochoa played for relegated AC Ajaccio in Ligue 1 last season .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "La Liga"}, {"start": 21, "end": 36, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Willy Caballero"}, {"start": 57, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Manchester City"}, {"start": 75, "end": 80, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ochoa"}, {"start": 102, "end": 112, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AC Ajaccio"}, {"start": 116, "end": 123, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ligue 1"}, {"start": 124, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last season"}]}
{"unique_index": 85, "source_text": "They may say flushable on the packet but they don't break down inside the sewer. A close-up of the fatberg, which has been formed by a collection of fat and wet wipes congealing into a mass . The fatberg is located in a sewer at the junction of Whitehall Place and Whitehall Court, measuring 6ft tall . 'They cling to cooled cooking fat and form fatbergs, which block pipes and flood our customers with sewage.' Officials examining the Whitehall fatberg found nail varnish pots, a pencil sharpener, condoms, and sanitary products - all of which should not be there. Staff from Thames Water will use powerful suction equipment to break down the blockage and then high-powered water jets to clear the tunnels. Because of the central location of the fatberg roads will have to be closed so equipment can be taken down into the sewers and there is likely to be significant disruption. Thames Water said it has to remove around 55,000 fatbergs a year, caused by people throwing unsuitable rubbish down toilets and drains which congeals into a large immovable mass. This costs more than £1million a month. A fatberg formed from fat, wet wipes and other litter wrongly put down drains and toilets - was detected under a 260ft stretch of a road in Shepherd's Bush just two months ago and measured about the size of a Boeing 747 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 245, "end": 260, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Whitehall Place"}, {"start": 265, "end": 280, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Whitehall Court"}, {"start": 292, "end": 293, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6"}, {"start": 412, "end": 421, "label": "JOB", "value": "Officials"}, {"start": 436, "end": 445, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Whitehall"}, {"start": 577, "end": 589, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Thames Water"}, {"start": 881, "end": 893, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Thames Water"}, {"start": 923, "end": 929, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "55,000"}, {"start": 939, "end": 945, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a year"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1090, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1million"}, {"start": 1091, "end": 1098, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a month"}, {"start": 1213, "end": 1216, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "260"}, {"start": 1240, "end": 1255, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Shepherd's Bush"}, {"start": 1261, "end": 1275, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two months ago"}, {"start": 1309, "end": 1319, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Boeing 747"}]}
{"unique_index": 20220, "source_text": "Software engineer Ines Duarte tested AtlasOS for Northbridge Labs on May 7, 2028. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "Software engineer"}, {"start": 18, "end": 29, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ines Duarte"}, {"start": 37, "end": 44, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "AtlasOS"}, {"start": 49, "end": 65, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Northbridge Labs"}, {"start": 69, "end": 80, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 372, "source_text": "Ukrainian businessman Vadym Yermolaiev says officers of the Main Intelligence Directorate (GUR) of Ukraine’s Defense Ministry organized the attempt on his life in Monaco.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "businessman"}, {"start": 22, "end": 38, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vadym Yermolaiev"}, {"start": 44, "end": 52, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 60, "end": 89, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Main Intelligence Directorate"}, {"start": 91, "end": 94, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GUR"}, {"start": 99, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 109, "end": 125, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Defense Ministry"}, {"start": 163, "end": 169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Monaco"}]}
{"unique_index": 285, "source_text": "Free community events celebrate the Washington Park Quality of Life Plan and bring neighbors together through arts, education, homeownership, and family fun.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Washington Park Quality of Life Plan"}]}
{"unique_index": 116, "source_text": "SAFE offsets pressure on native stock. ODFW says the decision leaves 7 million hatchery salmon at risk", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SAFE"}, {"start": 39, "end": 43, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ODFW"}, {"start": 69, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20185, "source_text": "Earlier in the week, Tomás Silva traveled from Cape Town to Brussels in 90 minutes. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Earlier in the week"}, {"start": 21, "end": 32, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tomás Silva"}, {"start": 47, "end": 56, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cape Town"}, {"start": 60, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brussels"}, {"start": 72, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "90 minutes"}]}
{"unique_index": 20038, "source_text": "Lighthouse Education Trust acquired LumenPad from Stonegate Community College for USD 72 on Sunday evening. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}, {"start": 36, "end": 44, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 50, "end": 77, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Stonegate Community College"}, {"start": 86, "end": 88, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "72"}, {"start": 92, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 464, "source_text": "As disaster relief becomes more political, Congress is looking to overhaul FEMA.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 51, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Congress"}, {"start": 75, "end": 79, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FEMA"}]}
{"unique_index": 398, "source_text": "Climate change is increasingly driving displacement, raising urgent questions about development models that foster unequal growth while exacerbating ecological risk. Every June, around World Refugee Day, the United Nations refugee agency releases Global Trends, its annual account of forced displacement. We have just crossed another World Refugee Day, and the figure remains unthinkable: 117.8 million", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 166, "end": 176, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every June"}, {"start": 185, "end": 202, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "World Refugee Day"}, {"start": 208, "end": 222, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 247, "end": 260, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Global Trends"}, {"start": 266, "end": 272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annual"}, {"start": 334, "end": 351, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "World Refugee Day"}, {"start": 389, "end": 402, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "117.8 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20085, "source_text": "In Cape Town, Tomás Silva and Elena Petrova serve as renewable energy engineer and budget officer at Alpine Energy Cooperative. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cape Town"}, {"start": 14, "end": 25, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tomás Silva"}, {"start": 30, "end": 43, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elena Petrova"}, {"start": 53, "end": 78, "label": "JOB", "value": "renewable energy engineer"}, {"start": 83, "end": 97, "label": "JOB", "value": "budget officer"}, {"start": 101, "end": 126, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alpine Energy Cooperative"}]}
{"unique_index": 20187, "source_text": "Five years ago, Noah Williams traveled from Riverside Innovation Hub to Nairobi in six months. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Five years ago"}, {"start": 16, "end": 29, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Noah Williams"}, {"start": 44, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riverside Innovation Hub"}, {"start": 72, "end": 79, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nairobi"}, {"start": 83, "end": 93, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}]}
{"unique_index": 521, "source_text": "For millions of Indians, heat is experienced not through meteorological bulletins but inside a tin-roofed room that does not cool after sunset, at a work site where stopping work means losing wages, or in fields under a scorching sun. Yet extreme heat remains difficult to locate as a distinct priority in India’s public finances. Published in June 2026, Standing the Heat is a joint report by Greenpeace India, the Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability (CBGA), and the Budget Analysis and Research Centre Trust (BARC) that examines Union Budget data from 2020–21 to 2026–27 to understand allocations for heat response. It maps 130 schemes across various ministries that could support preparedness, adaptation, and resilience. The report’s central finding is revealing. While India has several programmes that may reduce heat vulnerability, there is no dedicated national heat budget, no Union scheme designed exclusively for extreme heat, and no financing framework that connects key ministries overseeing climate, health, labour, water, housing, agriculture, and disaster management. This gap is critical because heat risk", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 12, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 306, "end": 311, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 344, "end": 353, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2026"}, {"start": 355, "end": 372, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Standing the Heat"}, {"start": 394, "end": 410, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenpeace India"}, {"start": 416, "end": 463, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability"}, {"start": 465, "end": 469, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CBGA"}, {"start": 480, "end": 521, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Budget Analysis and Research Centre Trust"}, {"start": 523, "end": 527, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BARC"}, {"start": 543, "end": 555, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Union Budget"}, {"start": 566, "end": 573, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020–21"}, {"start": 577, "end": 584, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026–27"}, {"start": 638, "end": 641, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "130"}, {"start": 786, "end": 791, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 796, "end": 803, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 20151, "source_text": "Ethan Brooks arrived in Warsaw before meeting Cedar Valley University's university rector at 2:15 p.m. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ethan Brooks"}, {"start": 24, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Warsaw"}, {"start": 46, "end": 69, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cedar Valley University"}, {"start": 72, "end": 89, "label": "JOB", "value": "university rector"}, {"start": 93, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2:15 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 198, "source_text": "People’s Tribunal reveals impacts of energy transition on communities and questions development model", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "People’s Tribunal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20079, "source_text": "The climate scientist, Daniel Okafor, briefed Atlas Research Institute at 16:30 on October 2, 2028. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate scientist"}, {"start": 23, "end": 36, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Okafor"}, {"start": 46, "end": 70, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlas Research Institute"}, {"start": 74, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16:30"}, {"start": 83, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20059, "source_text": "Horizon Robotics renamed its tool MotionKit; Samuel Mensah announced the change in Prague on November 17, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}, {"start": 34, "end": 43, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MotionKit"}, {"start": 45, "end": 58, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Samuel Mensah"}, {"start": 83, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prague"}, {"start": 93, "end": 110, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 17, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 358, "source_text": "Community groups in Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary are raising funds and supplies as Canada commits $9 million to humanitarian relief after the June 24 earthquakes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 27, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Toronto"}, {"start": 29, "end": 38, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vancouver"}, {"start": 43, "end": 50, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Calgary"}, {"start": 85, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 101, "end": 110, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9 million"}, {"start": 144, "end": 151, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 24"}]}
{"unique_index": 311, "source_text": "Gov. Sherrill signs bill establishing new nuclear energy framework. The governor signed the bipartisan “Power NJ Act” to increase nuclear power across the state.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Gov. Sherrill signs bill establishing new nuclear energy framework"}, {"start": 72, "end": 80, "label": "JOB", "value": "governor"}]}
{"unique_index": 20081, "source_text": "Greenfield Transit Authority assigned transit planner Ravi Patel to shadow its civil engineer for 36 hours. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenfield Transit Authority"}, {"start": 38, "end": 53, "label": "JOB", "value": "transit planner"}, {"start": 54, "end": 64, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ravi Patel"}, {"start": 79, "end": 93, "label": "JOB", "value": "civil engineer"}, {"start": 98, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "36 hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 20180, "source_text": "Harborlight Foundation served 120 families over two hours in Redwood District, according to Hana Suzuki. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harborlight Foundation"}, {"start": 30, "end": 33, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "120"}, {"start": 48, "end": 57, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two hours"}, {"start": 61, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Redwood District"}, {"start": 92, "end": 103, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hana Suzuki"}]}
{"unique_index": 240, "source_text": "Indonesia’s plastic crisis no longer ends at the landfill or the market. Recent studies have detected microplastics in rainwater, urban air, and human biological samples. This raises a harder question: what happens when pollution becomes something people breathe and carry inside their bodies? For more than a decade, Meillyssa Chandra has worked as a general", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 308, "end": 316, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a decade"}, {"start": 318, "end": 335, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Meillyssa Chandra"}]}
{"unique_index": 20174, "source_text": "Nora Jensen spoke at 18:15 and answered 12 questions before October 5, 2027 for Helios Manufacturing. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nora Jensen"}, {"start": 21, "end": 26, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18:15"}, {"start": 40, "end": 42, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 60, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 5, 2027"}, {"start": 80, "end": 100, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}]}
{"unique_index": 20138, "source_text": "Lighthouse Education Trust operates from Aurora Convention Hall and employs 12 staff led by school principal Chloe Martin. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}, {"start": 41, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aurora Convention Hall"}, {"start": 76, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 92, "end": 108, "label": "JOB", "value": "school principal"}, {"start": 109, "end": 121, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chloe Martin"}]}
{"unique_index": 279, "source_text": "Post From Community: Laughing Liberally Milwaukee. Laughing Liberally Milwaukee is hosted by comedian, cartoonist and satirist Matthew Filipowicz.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 49, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Post From Community: Laughing Liberally Milwaukee"}, {"start": 51, "end": 79, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Laughing Liberally Milwaukee"}, {"start": 93, "end": 101, "label": "JOB", "value": "comedian"}, {"start": 103, "end": 113, "label": "JOB", "value": "cartoonist"}, {"start": 118, "end": 126, "label": "JOB", "value": "satirist"}, {"start": 127, "end": 145, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matthew Filipowicz"}]}
{"unique_index": 592, "source_text": "After a viral video of a police driver threatening to “plant powder” on detained protesters was met with outrage online, Mumbai Police on July 23 suspended the man and ordered an inquiry. The incident happened amid the Cockroach Janata Party protests demanding the resignation of Union education minister owing to the paper leaks and irregularities", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 38, "label": "JOB", "value": "police driver"}, {"start": 121, "end": 134, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Mumbai Police"}, {"start": 138, "end": 145, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 23"}, {"start": 219, "end": 241, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 280, "end": 304, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union education minister"}]}
{"unique_index": 11, "source_text": "For a film clocking in at 3 hours and 20 minutes, there's really an awful lot of bland, generic scenes where two or three characters discuss the most obvious things and feelings; not a whole lot of subtext going on, chunks of dialogue delivered right on the nose - a major faux-pas for any storyteller that makes the story crawl to a gruelling halt. br />br />Frankly, the movie is melodramatic enough to constitute somewhat of a genre anachronism; it would have made much more sense coming out in 1949 instead of 1959. All this with Akira Kurosawa's YOJIMBO, the movie responsible for both revolutionizing the Japanese period drama and action movie and bringing the concept of the alienated antihero to new cynic heights, only two years away.br />br />And speaking of protagonists, it's Kaji, the main character we're called to identify with, played by samurai icon Tatsuya Nakadai before he was even a supporting actor in Yojimbo, that poses the biggest problem. His attitude and worldview of unconditional humanism are all too naive and convenient to hit the right emotional chords. Idenitifying with Kaji's holier-than-thou idealism is hard, not because people like him don't exist in real life, and I hope they do, but simply because this kind of clean-cut idealist character doesn't fare well in a dramatic context.br />br />Bear with me here.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 26, "end": 48, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3 hours and 20 minutes"}, {"start": 109, "end": 112, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 116, "end": 121, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 290, "end": 301, "label": "JOB", "value": "storyteller"}, {"start": 498, "end": 502, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1949"}, {"start": 514, "end": 518, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1959"}, {"start": 534, "end": 548, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Akira Kurosawa"}, {"start": 551, "end": 558, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "YOJIMBO"}, {"start": 728, "end": 742, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years away"}, {"start": 788, "end": 792, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kaji"}, {"start": 867, "end": 882, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tatsuya Nakadai"}, {"start": 904, "end": 920, "label": "JOB", "value": "supporting actor"}, {"start": 924, "end": 931, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Yojimbo"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1108, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kaji"}]}
{"unique_index": 49, "source_text": "A cat allergy is no laughing matter. Learn more from WebMD about the causes, symptoms, and treatments of allergies to cats Yea is an affirmative vote.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 53, "end": 58, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "WebMD"}]}
{"unique_index": 237, "source_text": "Sixty-seven residents of Wadas Village were arrested after opposing an andesite quarry for the Bener Dam in Central Java. A total of 518 families were evicted to make way for Yogyakarta International Airport. At least 33,626 students across Indonesia suffered food poisoning from the Free Nutritious Meals program. In South Papua, 543,575 hectares of forest", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Sixty-seven"}, {"start": 25, "end": 38, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wadas Village"}, {"start": 95, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bener Dam"}, {"start": 108, "end": 120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Java"}, {"start": 133, "end": 136, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "518"}, {"start": 175, "end": 207, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yogyakarta International Airport"}, {"start": 218, "end": 224, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33,626"}, {"start": 241, "end": 250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 318, "end": 329, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Papua"}, {"start": 331, "end": 338, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "543,575"}]}
{"unique_index": 18, "source_text": "could you write the beginning of a new D&D campaign that I can show to my friends. It should leave questions unanswered to entice them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 39, "end": 42, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "D&D"}]}
{"unique_index": 20182, "source_text": "Lighthouse Education Trust served 3,200 families over four years in Oslo, according to Fatima Zahra. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}, {"start": 34, "end": 39, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,200"}, {"start": 54, "end": 64, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}, {"start": 68, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Oslo"}, {"start": 87, "end": 99, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fatima Zahra"}]}
{"unique_index": 322, "source_text": "Russian consumer gasoline prices rose 2.3% in the week of July 7–13, while diesel climbed 3.2%, according to Rosstat.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 41, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.3"}, {"start": 58, "end": 67, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 7–13"}, {"start": 90, "end": 93, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.2"}, {"start": 109, "end": 116, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rosstat"}]}
{"unique_index": 554, "source_text": "Wildberries, Russia’s largest online marketplace, has announced it will compensate sellers for goods lost in Ukrainian drone attacks. On Wednesday evening, July 22, marketplace owner Tatyana Kim said that sellers whose goods were damaged in Elektrostal, in the Moscow region, would receive payments “within 24 hours.” She said the company would prioritize “supporting the smallest and least protected entrepreneurs,” adding that more than 88,000 sellers fall into that category.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 13, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 137, "end": 163, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Wednesday evening, July 22"}, {"start": 177, "end": 182, "label": "JOB", "value": "owner"}, {"start": 183, "end": 194, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tatyana Kim"}, {"start": 241, "end": 252, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Elektrostal"}, {"start": 261, "end": 274, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow region"}, {"start": 307, "end": 315, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 hours"}, {"start": 439, "end": 445, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "88,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 440, "source_text": "Celebrate Hank Aaron; find jobs at two job fairs; take a bike ride in Lindsay Heights; and more.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 20, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hank Aaron"}, {"start": 35, "end": 38, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 70, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lindsay Heights"}]}
{"unique_index": 91, "source_text": "#Person1#: Which route are you interested in? #Person2#: I think the four days'tour from New York to Atlantic City will be fine. #Person1#: That's a good choice. #Person2#: What is the departure date? #Person1#: We have parties every Saturday from June to October.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 69, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four days"}, {"start": 89, "end": 97, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York"}, {"start": 101, "end": 114, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Atlantic City"}, {"start": 228, "end": 242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every Saturday"}, {"start": 248, "end": 263, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June to October"}]}
{"unique_index": 591, "source_text": "After 80 million years of evolution, and one group of species still fights for survival. This time, though, the threat is humans.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 22, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "80 million years"}, {"start": 41, "end": 44, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 89, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This time"}]}
{"unique_index": 356, "source_text": "In Defense of Human-Created Artwork. These three South Texas artists embrace the struggle against the plague of AI art—wherever it is found.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 35, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "In Defense of Human-Created Artwork"}, {"start": 43, "end": 48, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 49, "end": 60, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Texas"}]}
{"unique_index": 253, "source_text": "Mineral security is not just about access to resources but about control over value chains. India’s response must be strategic, not reactive. Coal fuelled the first Industrial Revolution, and oil defined the industrial and geopolitical order of the twentieth century. Wars were fought over it, alliances were built around it, and economies rose and fell", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 92, "end": 97, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 249, "end": 266, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "twentieth century"}]}
{"unique_index": 20075, "source_text": "The software engineer, Kenji Tanaka, briefed Northbridge Labs at 7:05 a.m. on October 31, 2029. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "software engineer"}, {"start": 23, "end": 35, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kenji Tanaka"}, {"start": 45, "end": 61, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Northbridge Labs"}, {"start": 65, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7:05 a.m."}, {"start": 78, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 31, 2029"}]}
{"unique_index": 459, "source_text": "This collaborative effort is designed to meet a critical community need by delivering high-quality, preventive and acute care directly to vulnerable and medically underserved residents in Milwaukee.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 188, "end": 197, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}]}
{"unique_index": 268, "source_text": "The HaRUNbee 5K Walk/Run for Healthy Birth Outcomes was designed to raise awareness and to prevent unhealthy birth outcomes across the nation.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 623, "source_text": "Ukraine struck Russia’s Udmurt Republic with drones on the morning of July 27, Governor Alexander Brechalov said, adding that air defense forces were repelling “the most massive attack in recent times.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 15, "end": 21, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 24, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Udmurt Republic"}, {"start": 59, "end": 77, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "morning of July 27"}, {"start": 79, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "Governor"}, {"start": 88, "end": 107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alexander Brechalov"}]}
{"unique_index": 6, "source_text": "Ischaemic left ventricular failure: evidence of sustained benefit after 18 months' treatment with xamoterol. The long term effects of treatment with xamoterol in 14 patients 44-73 with mild to moderate heart failure as a result of ischaemic heart disease are reported. After 18 months' treatment with xamoterol, patients were assessed in a randomised double blind crossover comparison of xamoterol (200 mg twice a day) and placebo, each given for one month. Compared with placebo, xamoterol significantly increased exercise duration and work done on a bicycle ergometer and reduced the maximum exercise heart rate. Assessment of symptoms and activities at 12 months by visual analogue and Likert scales showed a trend towards the relief of symptoms of breathlessness and tiredness and an improvement in activity. There was an improvement in the clinical signs of heart failure and no haemodynamic deterioration over a 12 month period as assessed by ejection fraction. The improvement in exercise tolerance, symptoms, and activities was sustained for 18 months without side effects or development of tolerance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 107, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ischaemic left ventricular failure: evidence of sustained benefit after 18 months' treatment with xamoterol"}, {"start": 149, "end": 158, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "xamoterol"}, {"start": 162, "end": 164, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 174, "end": 179, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "44-73"}, {"start": 275, "end": 284, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 months"}, {"start": 301, "end": 310, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "xamoterol"}, {"start": 388, "end": 397, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "xamoterol"}, {"start": 399, "end": 402, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 406, "end": 417, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "twice a day"}, {"start": 447, "end": 456, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one month"}, {"start": 481, "end": 490, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "xamoterol"}, {"start": 656, "end": 665, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12 months"}, {"start": 918, "end": 926, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12 month"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1059, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 months"}]}
{"unique_index": 106, "source_text": "Trump’s repression of dissent is backfiring. In response to the Trump administration’s attempts to quell dissent and tilt the playing field, people are not shrinking in fear, but getting more bold in their resistance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 43, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Trump’s repression of dissent is backfiring"}, {"start": 64, "end": 69, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}]}
{"unique_index": 595, "source_text": "Amid the Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) protests and the surrounding uproar over police brutality against student and youth demonstrators, a video of Union Minister Piyush Goyal has gone viral on social media over this past week. In the clip, Goyal can purportedly be heard saying, (translated from Hindi), “I believe that we should hang a", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 33, "end": 36, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 148, "end": 162, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Minister"}, {"start": 163, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Piyush Goyal"}, {"start": 212, "end": 226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this past week"}, {"start": 241, "end": 246, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Goyal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20208, "source_text": "Priya Nair opened the meeting for Civic Data Alliance as its election observer in Kyoto at 8:00 p.m. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Priya Nair"}, {"start": 34, "end": 53, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Data Alliance"}, {"start": 61, "end": 78, "label": "JOB", "value": "election observer"}, {"start": 82, "end": 87, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyoto"}, {"start": 91, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "8:00 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 126, "source_text": "In China, generative AI is giving journalism a new visual grammar, from digital anchors to cinematic narratives, while sharpening the value of human instinct and insight.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 397, "source_text": "Stateless people are not political abstractions. They are not legal anomalies. They are not clerical problems waiting for administrative correction. They are people.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 29, "source_text": "Refrain from sharing 3339 or 483 on conspicuous platforms.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20089, "source_text": "In Austin, Marcus Reed and Yara Nasser serve as documentary filmmaker and theater director at Silverline Studios. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Austin"}, {"start": 11, "end": 22, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marcus Reed"}, {"start": 27, "end": 38, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yara Nasser"}, {"start": 48, "end": 69, "label": "JOB", "value": "documentary filmmaker"}, {"start": 74, "end": 90, "label": "JOB", "value": "theater director"}, {"start": 94, "end": 112, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}]}
{"unique_index": 458, "source_text": "This viral video does not show an old personal video of CJP founder Abhijeet Dipke; it is of a couple from Bangladesh. The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. On 28 June 2026, climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest and began an indefinite hunger strike in support of the movement’s demands.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 117, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "This viral video does not show an old personal video of CJP founder Abhijeet Dipke; it is of a couple from Bangladesh"}, {"start": 123, "end": 145, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 147, "end": 150, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 178, "end": 191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 195, "end": 204, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 208, "end": 220, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 251, "end": 275, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 276, "end": 294, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 339, "end": 351, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June 2026"}, {"start": 353, "end": 369, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate activist"}, {"start": 370, "end": 384, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}]}
{"unique_index": 600, "source_text": "For the past six months we’ve produced multiple stories to inform the public debate about this hot topic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 23, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past six months"}]}
{"unique_index": 20204, "source_text": "Atlas Research Institute announced that ScoutLens would launch in Nairobi on March 21, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 24, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlas Research Institute"}, {"start": 40, "end": 49, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ScoutLens"}, {"start": 66, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nairobi"}, {"start": 77, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 21, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 505, "source_text": "The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. Amid these protests, a video showing Sunita Williams being escorted by security personnel is being shared on social media (here, here, here) with the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 28, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 59, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 76, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 89, "end": 101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 132, "end": 156, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 157, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 254, "end": 269, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sunita Williams"}, {"start": 288, "end": 306, "label": "JOB", "value": "security personnel"}]}
{"unique_index": 561, "source_text": "As local communities around the world unite around a shared enemy — AI data centers — a powerful new direction for climate action is emerging.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 550, "source_text": "Russia’s Presidential Administration announced in March 2026 that it expected United Russia, the country’s ruling party, to win 55% of the vote in September’s elections, with 50% turnout, according to a public statement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 9, "end": 36, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Presidential Administration"}, {"start": 50, "end": 60, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 78, "end": 91, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Russia"}, {"start": 128, "end": 130, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "55"}, {"start": 147, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September"}, {"start": 175, "end": 177, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}]}
{"unique_index": 136, "source_text": "TL;DR India recorded close to 4,000 earthquakes between August 2019 and June 2026, with seismic activity concentrated in the Himalayan and Northeastern states. While over 90% of the recorded earthquakes were below magnitude 4, the data highlight the country’s persistent seismic risk and the importance of monitoring, preparedness, and resilient infrastructure. ContextThe devastating earthquakes witnessed", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 30, "end": 35, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,000"}, {"start": 56, "end": 67, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2019"}, {"start": 72, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2026"}, {"start": 171, "end": 173, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 224, "end": 225, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}]}
{"unique_index": 39, "source_text": "Vandals strike as village prepares to honour war dead . Not known if memorial can be repaired by Remembrance Day . Businessman places £1,000 bounty on heads of culprits .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 97, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Remembrance Day"}, {"start": 115, "end": 126, "label": "JOB", "value": "Businessman"}, {"start": 135, "end": 140, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 247, "source_text": "Somaliland’s mining sector is attracting rapidly growing investment amid the global race for Africa’s critical minerals, but existing institutional gaps could limit its ability to regulate the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somaliland"}, {"start": 93, "end": 99, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 255, "source_text": "Having lived in Lucknow all my life, I have been surrounded by the sight of the hand-embroidery tradition of chikankari. However, about six years ago, when I was asked to set up a skilling programme and social enterprise for chikankari artisans, I realised how little I knew about the process behind these intricate designs I had grown up wearing. The task before me was twofold: First, to train women in Lucknow and surrounding rural areas in stitching and provide them with a stable livelihood; and second, to create a business model that was sustainable, without compromising the welfare of artisans. In 2019, Safe Society launched SHWET as a skilling programme for chikankari. But soon, the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown was imposed, bringing our work to a halt. We used this time to form connections with women in the area and assist them in accessing social security schemes and food rations. After restrictions were lifted, we began our skilling sessions in two batches, working with approximately 60–62 women. The participants were mostly", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 23, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lucknow"}, {"start": 136, "end": 149, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six years ago"}, {"start": 405, "end": 412, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lucknow"}, {"start": 607, "end": 611, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 613, "end": 625, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Safe Society"}, {"start": 964, "end": 967, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1009, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60–62"}]}
{"unique_index": 431, "source_text": "Hamilton Police Board Issues, Quickly Retracts, Public Apology For Violating Open Meeting Rules. On Friday, the Police Board apologized for violating open meeting laws; then 16 minutes later retracted the apology.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 95, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hamilton Police Board Issues, Quickly Retracts, Public Apology For Violating Open Meeting Rules"}, {"start": 100, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday"}, {"start": 112, "end": 124, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Police Board"}, {"start": 174, "end": 190, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16 minutes later"}]}
{"unique_index": 21, "source_text": "Apache Impala is an open source massively parallel processing SQL query engine for data stored in a computer cluster running Apache Hadoop.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Apache Impala"}, {"start": 62, "end": 65, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "SQL"}, {"start": 125, "end": 138, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Apache Hadoop"}]}
{"unique_index": 20114, "source_text": "The report quotes Arjun Mehta, a documentary filmmaker based in North Pier Terminal, and Ravi Patel, a theater director at Silverline Studios. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 29, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Arjun Mehta"}, {"start": 33, "end": 54, "label": "JOB", "value": "documentary filmmaker"}, {"start": 64, "end": 83, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Pier Terminal"}, {"start": 89, "end": 99, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ravi Patel"}, {"start": 103, "end": 119, "label": "JOB", "value": "theater director"}, {"start": 123, "end": 141, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}]}
{"unique_index": 12, "source_text": "If I were to write a Bukkit Minecraft Plugin in the Java Programming Language, what methods would my Main class require?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 27, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Bukkit"}, {"start": 28, "end": 37, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Minecraft"}, {"start": 52, "end": 56, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Java"}]}
{"unique_index": 20037, "source_text": "Eastgate Public Library acquired EchoReader from Fairview Museum for USD 2,500 on December 2, 2027. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}, {"start": 33, "end": 43, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "EchoReader"}, {"start": 49, "end": 64, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Fairview Museum"}, {"start": 73, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,500"}, {"start": 82, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 265, "source_text": "A video allegedly showing people kissing during a “Cockroach Jantha Party” protest at Jantar Mantar is being widely shared on social media (here, here, and here). We fact-checked the claim made in these posts. Let’s verify the claim made in", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Jantha Party"}, {"start": 86, "end": 99, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}]}
{"unique_index": 250, "source_text": "Political exclusion, economic uncertainty, security concerns and diplomatic imbalance mark Prime Minister Tarique Rahman’s fledgling regime. The first one hundred days of any government rarely determine its ultimate legacy. They do, however, reveal its priorities, governing style and ability to inspire public confidence. As the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) government completed its first 100 days in office on", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 91, "end": 105, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 106, "end": 120, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 151, "end": 167, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one hundred days"}, {"start": 330, "end": 358, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 360, "end": 363, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 396, "end": 404, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "100 days"}]}
{"unique_index": 336, "source_text": "In some of Kenya’s informal settlements, the floods that wreck homes several times a year aren't always about raging rivers and violent storms. It’s also about drains that don't work. Sean Christie travelled to find out what a lifetime of sewage through the front door does to the mind — and why the same pattern is playing out in places like Cape Town and Beira.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 16, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 184, "end": 197, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sean Christie"}, {"start": 343, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cape Town"}, {"start": 357, "end": 362, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Beira"}]}
{"unique_index": 20008, "source_text": "After Civic Data Alliance released ClearVote, Priya Nair ordered 12 copies for its Kyoto office on September 14, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 25, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Data Alliance"}, {"start": 35, "end": 44, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ClearVote"}, {"start": 46, "end": 56, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Priya Nair"}, {"start": 65, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 83, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyoto"}, {"start": 99, "end": 117, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 14, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20, "source_text": "lol dont even get me started on prodn apps?? i'm literallyyyy addicted to habitica bc it's soooo pretty and has teh cutest animations!! !1!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 74, "end": 82, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "habitica"}]}
{"unique_index": 609, "source_text": "Asserting that there was no law that prohibited eating chicken on the Ganges, Justice Ujjal Bhuyan of the Supreme Court on Saturday, July 25, criticised the arrest of 14 young Muslim men in Varanasi in March this year. While delivering the fourth Justice GP Singh memorial lecture at the National Law Institute University in Bhopal,", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ganges"}, {"start": 78, "end": 85, "label": "JOB", "value": "Justice"}, {"start": 86, "end": 98, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ujjal Bhuyan"}, {"start": 106, "end": 119, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 123, "end": 140, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday, July 25"}, {"start": 167, "end": 169, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 190, "end": 198, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Varanasi"}, {"start": 202, "end": 217, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March this year"}, {"start": 240, "end": 246, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "fourth"}, {"start": 247, "end": 254, "label": "JOB", "value": "Justice"}, {"start": 255, "end": 263, "label": "PERSON", "value": "GP Singh"}, {"start": 288, "end": 321, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Law Institute University"}, {"start": 325, "end": 331, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bhopal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20162, "source_text": "Eastgate Public Library and Fairview Museum signed an agreement in Helsinki after four years of talks led by Ana Torres. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}, {"start": 28, "end": 43, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Fairview Museum"}, {"start": 67, "end": 75, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Helsinki"}, {"start": 82, "end": 92, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}, {"start": 109, "end": 119, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ana Torres"}]}
{"unique_index": 517, "source_text": "After years of planning, Milwaukee County Supervisors will weigh in on the scope of a critical courthouse project and financing options during July committee meetings.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "years"}, {"start": 25, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee County"}, {"start": 42, "end": 53, "label": "JOB", "value": "Supervisors"}, {"start": 143, "end": 147, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July"}]}
{"unique_index": 549, "source_text": "Greek shipping company Dynagas will be allowed to keep transporting Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG) despite European Union sanctions, the Financial Times reported, citing European diplomats.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 30, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dynagas"}, {"start": 112, "end": 126, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 142, "end": 157, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Financial Times"}]}
{"unique_index": 576, "source_text": "Russia had 995 registered companies and individual entrepreneurs whose main line of business is funeral services as of mid-2026, the Russian business daily Kommersant reported, citing data from the Russian corporate database service Rusprofile. That’s up 22.5% from a year earlier: the fastest growth in the number of funeral companies in Russia over the past five years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 11, "end": 14, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "995"}, {"start": 119, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "mid-2026"}, {"start": 156, "end": 166, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kommersant"}, {"start": 233, "end": 243, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Rusprofile"}, {"start": 255, "end": 259, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22.5"}, {"start": 266, "end": 280, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a year earlier"}, {"start": 339, "end": 345, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 355, "end": 370, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past five years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20100, "source_text": "Northbridge Labs's software engineer, Maya Chen, spoke in Baku at 9:30 a.m. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Northbridge Labs"}, {"start": 19, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "software engineer"}, {"start": 38, "end": 47, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maya Chen"}, {"start": 58, "end": 62, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Baku"}, {"start": 66, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9:30 a.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 140, "source_text": "Haiti’s daily hardships have made Dr. Lucna Henrisme focus on teaching youth and women about their rights and duties as citizens, so that they can get involved in civic life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 8, "end": 13, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 38, "end": 52, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lucna Henrisme"}]}
{"unique_index": 627, "source_text": "A 17 second long video is viral on social media platforms, showing a woman wearing a head mask, dancing and grooving while sitting on the shoulder of a man amidst a huge crowd also dancing around her with loud music playing in the background. A man from behind removes her mask from behind, and the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "17 second"}]}
{"unique_index": 413, "source_text": "By Anna Barnes Officials from Michigan's Fisheries division say further cutbacks on staffing and fish stocking are likely as the costs of operations rise.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna Barnes"}, {"start": 15, "end": 24, "label": "JOB", "value": "Officials"}, {"start": 30, "end": 38, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Michigan"}, {"start": 41, "end": 59, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Fisheries division"}]}
{"unique_index": 20024, "source_text": "Helios Manufacturing reviewed 12 deployments of MotionKit in Melbourne on Tuesday afternoon. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 20, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}, {"start": 30, "end": 32, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 48, "end": 57, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MotionKit"}, {"start": 61, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melbourne"}, {"start": 74, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday afternoon"}]}
{"unique_index": 229, "source_text": "From UK offsets to REDD+ reform and Singapore’s carbon spree, this week’s forest finance roundup follows the money—and the questions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 7, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 36, "end": 45, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 62, "end": 71, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this week"}]}
{"unique_index": 34, "source_text": "Hello Katelynn , Medical Training course requires you to make a payment of 150 . Process the payment at your earliest .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Katelynn"}, {"start": 75, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "150"}]}
{"unique_index": 442, "source_text": "Wednesday is the last day to register to vote online or by mail before the Aug. 11 primary.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Wednesday"}, {"start": 75, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Aug. 11"}]}
{"unique_index": 491, "source_text": "Andiswa Matikinca investigates a case of history repeating itself as another rural Eastern Cape community stands united in resistance against a proposed heavy-minerals mine", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andiswa Matikinca"}, {"start": 83, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eastern Cape"}]}
{"unique_index": 485, "source_text": "Canada's Round of 16 exit was bittersweet for Toronto residents. Watching the World Cup unfold in their new city, many found something more lasting than a win.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 46, "end": 53, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Toronto"}]}
{"unique_index": 344, "source_text": "Monk confronted over ‘harassment’ of girls in Rishikesh not a Muslim in disguise. A video has gone viral on social media showing a group of young girls confronting a man dressed in saffron robes. In the video, the girls accuse him of telling them that if they crossed to the other side of the river (“palli paar“), he would give them ₹1,200 and a bicycle. Shortly after, a few", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 80, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Monk confronted over ‘harassment’ of girls in Rishikesh not a Muslim in disguise"}, {"start": 335, "end": 340, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,200"}]}
{"unique_index": 20175, "source_text": "The 12-page report “A Manual for Tomorrow” was published by Northbridge Labs on Friday morning with help from Kenji Tanaka. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 6, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 20, "end": 41, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Manual for Tomorrow"}, {"start": 60, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Northbridge Labs"}, {"start": 80, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday morning"}, {"start": 110, "end": 122, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kenji Tanaka"}]}
{"unique_index": 20027, "source_text": "In Toronto, Joseph Kamau used LumenPad to present “Notes from the Border” to Lighthouse Education Trust. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Toronto"}, {"start": 12, "end": 24, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph Kamau"}, {"start": 30, "end": 38, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 51, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Notes from the Border"}, {"start": 77, "end": 103, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}]}
{"unique_index": 642, "source_text": "How a key mineral for the energy transition is destroying ecosystems and communities in South Africa's Northern Cape. Stephan Hofstatter, Marcello Rossi & Paul Tullis investigate", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 88, "end": 100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 103, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Northern Cape"}, {"start": 118, "end": 136, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephan Hofstatter"}, {"start": 138, "end": 152, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marcello Rossi"}, {"start": 155, "end": 166, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paul Tullis"}]}
{"unique_index": 222, "source_text": "Every Sunday, Surekha* joins a study group at a vihar (a Buddhist community space) in Nagpur in Maharashtra to prepare for applying to master's programmes in Bengaluru and London. Along with more than 20 other students, she works on her group discussion, public speaking, English language, and debating skills. This self-driven group operates without a teacher. These students have fought hard to secure three hours of access to the vihar each Sunday, overcoming considerable opposition from residents. Most students, including Surekha, belong to Dalit/Buddhist families in northern Nagpur. Her seniors started this group after facing significant access- and skill-based challenges when trying to enter higher education. After securing access themselves, they built a space for students from their neighbourhood to do the same. About 90 km away in Chandrapur district, Manish* travels 23 km daily from his village Khopadi to a study room in Chimur, to prepare for his university entrance exams. He works as a driver in the evenings to meet his expenses. Around 40 other students join him,", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 14, "end": 21, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Surekha"}, {"start": 86, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nagpur"}, {"start": 96, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maharashtra"}, {"start": 158, "end": 167, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bengaluru"}, {"start": 172, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "London"}, {"start": 201, "end": 203, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 353, "end": 360, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 404, "end": 415, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three hours"}, {"start": 444, "end": 450, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 528, "end": 535, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Surekha"}, {"start": 583, "end": 589, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nagpur"}, {"start": 834, "end": 836, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 848, "end": 858, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chandrapur"}, {"start": 869, "end": 875, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Manish"}, {"start": 885, "end": 887, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23"}, {"start": 891, "end": 896, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 914, "end": 921, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Khopadi"}, {"start": 941, "end": 947, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chimur"}, {"start": 1009, "end": 1015, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1031, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "evenings"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1063, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}]}
{"unique_index": 20034, "source_text": "Miriam Cohen introduced MotionKit to 12 users at Horizon Robotics during 18 months. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Miriam Cohen"}, {"start": 24, "end": 33, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MotionKit"}, {"start": 37, "end": 39, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 49, "end": 65, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}, {"start": 73, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 months"}]}
{"unique_index": 183, "source_text": "Could a vaccine that protects you against one of the most painful diseases of older age also help keep your brain healthy? South Africa has finally launched Shingrix, a new shingles vaccine that studies suggest may lower the risk of dementia too. We unpack what the evidence really shows — and whether the hefty price tag is worth it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 42, "end": 45, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 123, "end": 135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 157, "end": 165, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Shingrix"}]}
{"unique_index": 20124, "source_text": "Helios Manufacturing opened a branch in Melbourne; Nora Jensen became its industrial designer on January 12, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 20, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}, {"start": 40, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melbourne"}, {"start": 51, "end": 62, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nora Jensen"}, {"start": 74, "end": 93, "label": "JOB", "value": "industrial designer"}, {"start": 97, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 12, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20173, "source_text": "Mateo Rossi spoke at noon and answered 12 questions before March 21, 2027 for Metro Water Laboratory. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mateo Rossi"}, {"start": 21, "end": 25, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "noon"}, {"start": 39, "end": 41, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 59, "end": 73, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 21, 2027"}, {"start": 78, "end": 100, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro Water Laboratory"}]}
{"unique_index": 309, "source_text": "New Jersey lawmakers and residents are struggling to find common ground on what kind of athletic fields are best for the environment and the safety of athletes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Jersey"}]}
{"unique_index": 3, "source_text": "t, folks! A diverse panel of guests sharing their wisdom on transpersonal psychology and the transformative power of self-discovery. Stay tuned for more engaging discussions and enlightening conversations on Psychology Insights . Closing music fades in Host : Thank you to all our guests for their valuable contributions today . Remember, the journey to self-discovery begins within. Until next time , take care and nurture your inner world. End of episode **End of Transcript**", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 208, "end": 227, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Psychology Insights"}, {"start": 253, "end": 257, "label": "JOB", "value": "Host"}, {"start": 321, "end": 326, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 390, "end": 399, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next time"}]}
{"unique_index": 20239, "source_text": "Maple Arts Collective published “A Different Kind of Power”, while Seaside Cultural Forum released the companion app JadeStudio on December 2029. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 33, "end": 58, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Different Kind of Power"}, {"start": 67, "end": 89, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Seaside Cultural Forum"}, {"start": 117, "end": 127, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 131, "end": 144, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2029"}]}
{"unique_index": 102, "source_text": "Nancy Kurshan, cofounder of the theatrical antiwar group the Yippies, discusses her new memoir and how counterculture can revitalize our movements.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nancy Kurshan"}, {"start": 61, "end": 68, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Yippies"}]}
{"unique_index": 234, "source_text": "Data Centers Are Building Power Plants Near Neighborhoods—That May Play Into Some South San Antonio Ambitions. While some Texas cities have advanced bans and moratoriums on data centers until the risks are better understood, San Antonio has proceeded more cautiously toward possible regulation. And some see economic opportunity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 109, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Data Centers Are Building Power Plants Near Neighborhoods—That May Play Into Some South San Antonio Ambitions"}, {"start": 122, "end": 127, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Texas"}, {"start": 225, "end": 236, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "San Antonio"}]}
{"unique_index": 185, "source_text": "Newborn deaths in South Africa are low but rising, and maternal deaths are high and not coming down fast enough. That’s what the data in the latest District Health Barometer, released at the end of April, show. We dive in to make sense of the numbers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 148, "end": 173, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "District Health Barometer"}, {"start": 191, "end": 203, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "end of April"}]}
{"unique_index": 199, "source_text": "Cooperatives in Belém demonstrate how recycling transforms lives, generates income and becomes a symbol of climate justice in the Amazon", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 21, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belém"}, {"start": 130, "end": 136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Amazon"}]}
{"unique_index": 20006, "source_text": "After Greenfield Transit Authority released MetroFlow, Yara Nasser ordered 12 copies for its Auckland office on December 2, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 34, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenfield Transit Authority"}, {"start": 44, "end": 53, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MetroFlow"}, {"start": 55, "end": 66, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yara Nasser"}, {"start": 75, "end": 77, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 93, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Auckland"}, {"start": 112, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 469, "source_text": "Learning to love an eco-friendly lawn. South Jersey mows, waters and weeds. Is it time to kill the traditional grass lawn?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 37, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Learning to love an eco-friendly lawn"}, {"start": 39, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Jersey"}]}
{"unique_index": 639, "source_text": "The independent Russian data project “To Be Precise” has published an article explaining how Russia’s “Red Book” is compiled, why it exists, and why it periodically touches off scandals. We’re retelling it here, with a few examples and details of our own.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 51, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "To Be Precise"}, {"start": 93, "end": 99, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 103, "end": 111, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Red Book"}, {"start": 219, "end": 222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}]}
{"unique_index": 282, "source_text": "Build strength and balance with two workout events; learn how to cook a summer meal; ride your bike through the 10th Aldermanic District; and more.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 32, "end": 35, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 112, "end": 136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "10th Aldermanic District"}]}
{"unique_index": 354, "source_text": "Rooted in cultura, led by corazón, the organization’s history is one of connection and inspiration to Milwaukee’s south-side Hispanic neighborhood and beyond.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 102, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}]}
{"unique_index": 353, "source_text": "Vatican City - The Holy Father has appointed Bishop Albert Hemrom, hitherto of Dibrugarh, as coadjutor archbishop of the metropolitan archdiocese of Guwahati, India.Bishop Albert Hemrom was born on 27 February 1969 in Konapathar, Assam, India. He attended Saint Joseph’s Minor Seminary in Dibrugarh and studied philosophy and theologgy at the Oriens Theological College in Shillong.He was ordained a priest on 25 April 1999.After ordination, he first held the roles of deputy parish priest and parish priest of Saint Francis of Assisi in Rajabari. He obtained a licentiate in canon law from Saint Peter’s Pontifical College in Bangalore , and went on to serve as prefect of studies at Saint Joseph’s Minor Seminary in Dibrugarh . He was awarded a doctorate in canon law at the Pontifical Lateran University of Rome and then held the offices of judicial vicar of the diocesan tribunal , rector of Saint Joseph’s Minor Seminary in Dibrugarh , lecturer in canon law at Oriens Theological College in Shillong , member of the College of Consultors and of the Presbyteral Council, secretary of the Commission for the Laity and the Family, and vocational promoter.He was appointed coadjutor bishop of Dibrugarh on 2 December 2018, and received episcopal ordination on 24 February 2019. On 15 February 2021 he took office as diocesan bishop of the diocese of Dibrugarh.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vatican City"}, {"start": 15, "end": 30, "label": "JOB", "value": "The Holy Father"}, {"start": 45, "end": 51, "label": "JOB", "value": "Bishop"}, {"start": 52, "end": 65, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Albert Hemrom"}, {"start": 79, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dibrugarh"}, {"start": 93, "end": 113, "label": "JOB", "value": "coadjutor archbishop"}, {"start": 121, "end": 157, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "metropolitan archdiocese of Guwahati"}, {"start": 159, "end": 164, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 165, "end": 171, "label": "JOB", "value": "Bishop"}, {"start": 172, "end": 185, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Albert Hemrom"}, {"start": 198, "end": 214, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "27 February 1969"}, {"start": 218, "end": 228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Konapathar"}, {"start": 230, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Assam"}, {"start": 237, "end": 242, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 256, "end": 285, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Saint Joseph’s Minor Seminary"}, {"start": 289, "end": 298, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dibrugarh"}, {"start": 343, "end": 369, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Oriens Theological College"}, {"start": 373, "end": 381, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Shillong"}, {"start": 400, "end": 406, "label": "JOB", "value": "priest"}, {"start": 410, "end": 423, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25 April 1999"}, {"start": 469, "end": 489, "label": "JOB", "value": "deputy parish priest"}, {"start": 494, "end": 507, "label": "JOB", "value": "parish priest"}, {"start": 511, "end": 534, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Saint Francis of Assisi"}, {"start": 538, "end": 546, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rajabari"}, {"start": 591, "end": 623, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Saint Peter’s Pontifical College"}, {"start": 627, "end": 636, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangalore"}, {"start": 663, "end": 681, "label": "JOB", "value": "prefect of studies"}, {"start": 685, "end": 714, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Saint Joseph’s Minor Seminary"}, {"start": 718, "end": 727, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dibrugarh"}, {"start": 777, "end": 814, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pontifical Lateran University of Rome"}, {"start": 844, "end": 858, "label": "JOB", "value": "judicial vicar"}, {"start": 886, "end": 892, "label": "JOB", "value": "rector"}, {"start": 896, "end": 925, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Saint Joseph’s Minor Seminary"}, {"start": 929, "end": 938, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dibrugarh"}, {"start": 941, "end": 949, "label": "JOB", "value": "lecturer"}, {"start": 966, "end": 992, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Oriens Theological College"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1004, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Shillong"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1042, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "College of Consultors"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1073, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Presbyteral Council"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1084, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1131, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Commission for the Laity and the Family"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1156, "label": "JOB", "value": "vocational promoter"}, {"start": 1174, "end": 1190, "label": "JOB", "value": "coadjutor bishop"}, {"start": 1194, "end": 1203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dibrugarh"}, {"start": 1207, "end": 1222, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2 December 2018"}, {"start": 1261, "end": 1277, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 February 2019"}, {"start": 1282, "end": 1298, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 February 2021"}, {"start": 1317, "end": 1332, "label": "JOB", "value": "diocesan bishop"}, {"start": 1351, "end": 1360, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dibrugarh"}]}
{"unique_index": 52, "source_text": "10.2 any health information and links on the products , whether provided by headspace or by contract from outside providers , is provided simply for your convenience .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 76, "end": 85, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "headspace"}]}
{"unique_index": 414, "source_text": "Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has offered Ihor Klymenko, the former interior minister, the post of secretary of the National Security and Defense Council (NSDC). A decree formalizing the appointment is already being prepared, Zelensky said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 20, "end": 38, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 51, "end": 64, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ihor Klymenko"}, {"start": 77, "end": 94, "label": "JOB", "value": "interior minister"}, {"start": 108, "end": 117, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 125, "end": 162, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Security and Defense Council"}, {"start": 164, "end": 168, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NSDC"}, {"start": 235, "end": 243, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zelensky"}]}
{"unique_index": 20106, "source_text": "On October 31, 2029, transit planner Yara Nasser trained a civil engineer at Greenfield Transit Authority. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 31, 2029"}, {"start": 21, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "transit planner"}, {"start": 37, "end": 48, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yara Nasser"}, {"start": 59, "end": 73, "label": "JOB", "value": "civil engineer"}, {"start": 77, "end": 105, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenfield Transit Authority"}]}
{"unique_index": 9, "source_text": "Although I was feeling great this time last week, I've felt \"out of it\" for the past couple of days. Sleep's an issue for me. I think PMO gives me a neurotransmitter cocktail that allows me to sleep less than six hours a night for days at a time and be no worse for the wear, but without that crutch I feel the effects of sleep deprivation more acutely (this has been a consistent pattern for me in past streaks). It's tough since drowsiness wreaks havoc on my willpower. Oh well. At least I don't feel like at I'm at a crisis point yet. I'm abstaining from porn as well, although I did watch Blue is the Warmest Color two nights ago (only because I was genuinely excited about the film, don't get me wrong). It's an incredible movie, really, but I feel like the gratuitous sexuality sent me back a few days mentally. Again, c'est la vie. But yeah, I wholeheartedly recommend that movie, just make sure you 're far enough along in your journey that you can see sexual imagery without it being a trigger (i.e. pretty damn far, much further than me). Otherwise steer clear, at least for now. TL;DR: Experiencing heightened sleep deprivation, Blue is the Warmest Color hurt my progress some, but for the most part I'm actually doing okay. EDIT: Oh yeah, I'm aiming for 90-120 days at least, also in NoFap War. Cardinal Regiment FTW!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 48, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this time last week"}, {"start": 80, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past couple of days"}, {"start": 209, "end": 218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six hours"}, {"start": 231, "end": 245, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "days at a time"}, {"start": 593, "end": 618, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Blue is the Warmest Color"}, {"start": 619, "end": 633, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two nights ago"}, {"start": 797, "end": 807, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a few days"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1088, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1140, "end": 1165, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Blue is the Warmest Color"}, {"start": 1266, "end": 1277, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "90-120 days"}, {"start": 1307, "end": 1324, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cardinal Regiment"}]}
{"unique_index": 20013, "source_text": "LumenPad is a system built by Lighthouse Education Trust; Adam Kowalski demonstrated it in Buenos Aires at noon. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 30, "end": 56, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}, {"start": 58, "end": 71, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Adam Kowalski"}, {"start": 91, "end": 103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buenos Aires"}, {"start": 107, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "noon"}]}
{"unique_index": 476, "source_text": "While the country's key wood pellet buyers, Japan and South Korea, improve traceability of imported biomass fuel, pellet manufacturing in Viet Nam remains a regulatory blind spot, leaving nearby communities exposed to air pollution.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 44, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 54, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Korea"}, {"start": 138, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Viet Nam"}]}
{"unique_index": 20244, "source_text": "At midnight, museum curator Leila Mansour reviewed “Gardens After Rain” on JadeStudio from Lagos. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "midnight"}, {"start": 13, "end": 27, "label": "JOB", "value": "museum curator"}, {"start": 28, "end": 41, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leila Mansour"}, {"start": 52, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Gardens After Rain"}, {"start": 75, "end": 85, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 91, "end": 96, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lagos"}]}
{"unique_index": 119, "source_text": "Beyond the babble: Portugal’s podcast adventure. Where traditional print circulation has been losing its foothold, audio storytelling has emerged to capture audiences old and new.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 47, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Beyond the babble: Portugal’s podcast adventure"}]}
{"unique_index": 473, "source_text": "Viet Nam’s gas projects stall amid investor claims of unbankability and a renewables pivot. The country has bet on reaching 22.5 GW of LNG by 2030, but unbankable contracts and policy gaps have stalled its plans four years to the deadline", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 90, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Viet Nam’s gas projects stall amid investor claims of unbankability and a renewables pivot"}, {"start": 124, "end": 128, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22.5"}, {"start": 142, "end": 146, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 212, "end": 222, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}]}
{"unique_index": 571, "source_text": "Russia’s air defenses shot down 571 Ukrainian drones overnight on July 24 over 15 regions of Russia, occupied Crimea, and the Sea of Azov and Black Sea, the Defense Ministry reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 32, "end": 35, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "571"}, {"start": 53, "end": 73, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "overnight on July 24"}, {"start": 79, "end": 81, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 93, "end": 99, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 110, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Crimea"}, {"start": 126, "end": 137, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sea of Azov"}, {"start": 142, "end": 151, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Black Sea"}, {"start": 157, "end": 173, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Defense Ministry"}]}
{"unique_index": 606, "source_text": "From skin care to entrepreneurship, Milwaukee Vibe Coding Summer Camp gave teens a free opportunity to learn AI and coding skills and use them to resolve everyday challenges.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 343, "source_text": "A video clip of Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressing the Indian diaspora in Auckland, New Zealand, is being widely shared on social media. It is claimed that during his speech, Modi stated that “India is the largest producer of beef in the world.” On July 11, 2026, Narendra Modi addressed Indians living in New Zealand", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 30, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 31, "end": 44, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Narendra Modi"}, {"start": 79, "end": 87, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Auckland"}, {"start": 89, "end": 100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Zealand"}, {"start": 180, "end": 184, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Modi"}, {"start": 198, "end": 203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 254, "end": 267, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 11, 2026"}, {"start": 269, "end": 282, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Narendra Modi"}, {"start": 311, "end": 322, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Zealand"}]}
{"unique_index": 421, "source_text": "Volodymyr Zelensky has dismissed the cabinet led by Yulia Svyrydenko — after just one year in office. But Ukrainians are more concerned about the fate not of the prime minister but of the defense minister, Mykhailo Fedorov. His dismissal has already triggered street protests, the resignation of military commanders, and bewilderment among Ukraine’s Western allies. The Verkhovna Rada has already confirmed a new cabinet lineup: it no longer includes any prominent political figures; the emphasis is instead on loyal managers. The defense portfolio will go to a former head of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU). At Meduza’s request, Ukrainian journalist Kostiantyn Skorkin explains the latest chapter of the government crisis in Kyiv.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 52, "end": 68, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yulia Svyrydenko"}, {"start": 82, "end": 90, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one year"}, {"start": 162, "end": 176, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 188, "end": 204, "label": "JOB", "value": "defense minister"}, {"start": 206, "end": 222, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Fedorov"}, {"start": 296, "end": 315, "label": "JOB", "value": "military commanders"}, {"start": 340, "end": 347, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 370, "end": 384, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Verkhovna Rada"}, {"start": 517, "end": 525, "label": "JOB", "value": "managers"}, {"start": 569, "end": 573, "label": "JOB", "value": "head"}, {"start": 581, "end": 608, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Security Service of Ukraine"}, {"start": 610, "end": 613, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SBU"}, {"start": 619, "end": 625, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meduza"}, {"start": 647, "end": 657, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 658, "end": 676, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kostiantyn Skorkin"}, {"start": 733, "end": 737, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyiv"}]}
{"unique_index": 596, "source_text": "Taare Zameen Par: Celebrities break silence, back CJP-led youth uprising. Several celebrities have come out in support of the youth-led protests that have swept Delhi since July 20, condemning the police crackdown on demonstrators and backing the students’ demands for accountability and education reforms. The ‘Sansad Chalo’ march, led by the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP), drew tens of thousands of protesters demanding the resignation of", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Taare Zameen Par: Celebrities break silence, back CJP-led youth uprising"}, {"start": 74, "end": 81, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 161, "end": 166, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi"}, {"start": 173, "end": 180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 20"}, {"start": 344, "end": 365, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janta Party"}, {"start": 367, "end": 370, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 378, "end": 395, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "tens of thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 257, "source_text": "A video showing a man and his accomplices dragging another man along a street is going viral on social media (here, here, and here). The video is being shared with the claim that it shows a Muslim man, Gaffar Ali, assaulting an 80-year-old Hindu priest in Kurukshetra, Haryana. Let’s verify the claim made in the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 202, "end": 212, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gaffar Ali"}, {"start": 228, "end": 239, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "80-year-old"}, {"start": 246, "end": 252, "label": "JOB", "value": "priest"}, {"start": 256, "end": 267, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kurukshetra"}, {"start": 269, "end": 276, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haryana"}]}
{"unique_index": 20042, "source_text": "At 14:45, MetroFlow alerted transit planner Layla Osman to an outage in Silver Lake Reserve. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14:45"}, {"start": 10, "end": 19, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MetroFlow"}, {"start": 28, "end": 43, "label": "JOB", "value": "transit planner"}, {"start": 44, "end": 55, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Layla Osman"}, {"start": 72, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silver Lake Reserve"}]}
{"unique_index": 307, "source_text": "Disaster Unemployment Assistance is available for eligible workers in Bayfield, Brown, Buffalo, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, Manitowoc, Marathon, Milwaukee, Outagamie, Racine, Rock, Sauk, Vernon, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, and Winnebago Counties and the Oneida Nation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 78, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bayfield"}, {"start": 80, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brown"}, {"start": 87, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buffalo"}, {"start": 96, "end": 103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jackson"}, {"start": 105, "end": 114, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jefferson"}, {"start": 116, "end": 122, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Juneau"}, {"start": 124, "end": 131, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenosha"}, {"start": 133, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Manitowoc"}, {"start": 144, "end": 152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Marathon"}, {"start": 154, "end": 163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}, {"start": 165, "end": 174, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Outagamie"}, {"start": 176, "end": 182, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Racine"}, {"start": 184, "end": 188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rock"}, {"start": 190, "end": 194, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sauk"}, {"start": 196, "end": 202, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vernon"}, {"start": 204, "end": 214, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Washington"}, {"start": 216, "end": 224, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Waukesha"}, {"start": 226, "end": 233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Waupaca"}, {"start": 239, "end": 248, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Winnebago"}, {"start": 266, "end": 279, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Oneida Nation"}]}
{"unique_index": 331, "source_text": "Run Black & Green, Metcalfe Park Community Bridges and Harmon Community Farm hosted a community-led day of action and wellness to address Milwaukee’s growing food access crisis.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Run Black & Green"}, {"start": 19, "end": 50, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metcalfe Park Community Bridges"}, {"start": 55, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harmon Community Farm"}, {"start": 138, "end": 147, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}]}
{"unique_index": 364, "source_text": "For many skilled newcomers, working far below their qualifications can mean more than lost income, it can erode confidence, strain relationships and reshape their sense of self.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20168, "source_text": "On October 31, 2029, Summit Aviation Institute paid USD 1.8 million to Isabella Moretti for 15 minutes of consulting work. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 31, 2029"}, {"start": 21, "end": 46, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Summit Aviation Institute"}, {"start": 56, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.8 million"}, {"start": 71, "end": 87, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Isabella Moretti"}, {"start": 92, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 minutes"}]}
{"unique_index": 20099, "source_text": "Felix Weber, the newly appointed industrial designer, signed 12 contracts for Helios Manufacturing on December 2, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Felix Weber"}, {"start": 33, "end": 52, "label": "JOB", "value": "industrial designer"}, {"start": 61, "end": 63, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 78, "end": 98, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}, {"start": 102, "end": 118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20223, "source_text": "Chief data officer Mateo Rossi tested InsightBoard for Blue River Analytics on December 2, 2027. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief data officer"}, {"start": 19, "end": 30, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mateo Rossi"}, {"start": 38, "end": 50, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "InsightBoard"}, {"start": 55, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}, {"start": 79, "end": 95, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 163, "source_text": "Excessive rainfall in Michigan may affect nutrients in soil amid fertilizer price increases. By Anna Barnes Michigan's supply of nitrogen and phosphorus-based fertilizers has taken a hit from shipping disruptions caused by the U.S. war with Iran. High prices and historic flooding are causing problems for the state's corn and soybean farmers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 91, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Excessive rainfall in Michigan may affect nutrients in soil amid fertilizer price increases"}, {"start": 96, "end": 107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna Barnes"}, {"start": 108, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Michigan"}, {"start": 227, "end": 231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 241, "end": 245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 515, "source_text": "The organization is Wisconsin’s first accredited medically tailored meal provider, preparing and delivering meals designed for people living with chronic health conditions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 29, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wisconsin"}, {"start": 32, "end": 37, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "first"}]}
{"unique_index": 20073, "source_text": "Mateo Rossi works as water quality specialist for Metro Water Laboratory and supervises 12 staff in Stonegate Medical Campus. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mateo Rossi"}, {"start": 21, "end": 45, "label": "JOB", "value": "water quality specialist"}, {"start": 50, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro Water Laboratory"}, {"start": 88, "end": 90, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 100, "end": 124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Stonegate Medical Campus"}]}
{"unique_index": 463, "source_text": "Barton Street. Those two words together are likely all the explanation I need to provide for you to understand how I strained my ankle this weekend.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barton Street"}, {"start": 21, "end": 24, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 135, "end": 147, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this weekend"}]}
{"unique_index": 532, "source_text": "A news bulletin from media outlet Republic on July 21 claimed that Bangladeshi Islamist political party, Jamaat-e-Islami, had openly expressed support for the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) protest in Delhi’s Jantar Mantar on July 20, further linking it to an alleged “anti-India toolkit”. “Was this a coordinated effort by this anti-India toolkit..?” asks the reporter", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 42, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Republic"}, {"start": 46, "end": 53, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 21"}, {"start": 105, "end": 120, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Jamaat-e-Islami"}, {"start": 159, "end": 180, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janta Party"}, {"start": 182, "end": 185, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 198, "end": 203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi"}, {"start": 206, "end": 219, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 223, "end": 230, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 20"}, {"start": 358, "end": 366, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporter"}]}
{"unique_index": 152, "source_text": "Police used colonial-era law to block a protest of police authority in the name of protecting the “integrity” of a national event memorialising unauthorised, anti-colonial resistance to police.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20132, "source_text": "Fatima Zahra visited Oslo, then emailed Sunrise Media Group from Greenwood Arts Center on September 14, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fatima Zahra"}, {"start": 21, "end": 25, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Oslo"}, {"start": 40, "end": 59, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 65, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Greenwood Arts Center"}, {"start": 90, "end": 108, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 14, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 50, "source_text": "The products are sold by Wal-Mart and Kroger . Packages may contain glass fragments . Consumers can return them to place of purchase for a full refund .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wal-Mart"}, {"start": 38, "end": 44, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kroger"}]}
{"unique_index": 383, "source_text": "The Nikulinsky District Court in Moscow fined David Nuriyev, the rapper better known as Ptakha, 80,000 rubles (about $1,000) on an administrative charge of drug propaganda, the independent Russian outlet Mediazona reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 29, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nikulinsky District Court"}, {"start": 33, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 46, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David Nuriyev"}, {"start": 65, "end": 71, "label": "JOB", "value": "rapper"}, {"start": 88, "end": 94, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ptakha"}, {"start": 96, "end": 102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80,000"}, {"start": 118, "end": 123, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 204, "end": 213, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Mediazona"}]}
{"unique_index": 294, "source_text": "Rising electricity demand from EVs, heat pumps, and housing growth is driving Alectra's five-year infrastructure ask.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 78, "end": 85, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alectra"}, {"start": 88, "end": 97, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five-year"}]}
{"unique_index": 514, "source_text": "There are still plenty of opportunities to get out in the community and enjoy live music this summer.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 89, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this summer"}]}
{"unique_index": 20014, "source_text": "JadeStudio is a system built by Silverline Studios; Arjun Mehta demonstrated it in North Pier Terminal at 18:15. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 32, "end": 50, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 52, "end": 63, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Arjun Mehta"}, {"start": 83, "end": 102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Pier Terminal"}, {"start": 106, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18:15"}]}
{"unique_index": 277, "source_text": "Harambee, Riverwest and other neighborhoods along the Beerline Trail are getting more air quality sensors as part of a project with MKE FreshAir Collective and Riverworks Development Corp.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Harambee"}, {"start": 10, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riverwest"}, {"start": 54, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Beerline Trail"}, {"start": 132, "end": 155, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MKE FreshAir Collective"}, {"start": 160, "end": 187, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riverworks Development Corp"}]}
{"unique_index": 396, "source_text": "India’s carbon credit market needs evidence before it scales. India’s carbon market conversation is widening beyond energy and industry. Forests, farms, grasslands, wetlands, mangroves and rice fields are increasingly being viewed as spaces where climate action, ecological restoration and rural livelihoods can converge. Carbon credits are expected to help bring private finance into these landscapes. But the global experience of the voluntary carbon market shows that a project can be registered, verified and even generate credits without necessarily delivering the climate or community outcomes that buyers assume. After evaluating 2,346 carbon-crediting projects and nearly one billion tonnes of issued credits, a 2024 study in Nature Communications estimated that less than 16% of the credits examined, represented real emission reductions. The study does not mean that every carbon project has failed, but it shows how badly results can diverge from claims when baselines, additionality or monitoring are weak. Specific cases make the warning harder to ignore. In 2025, the carbon certifier Verra reviewed Zimbabwe’s Kariba REDD+ project and found that actual deforestation in the reference area was far lower than", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "India’s carbon credit market needs evidence before it scales"}, {"start": 62, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 637, "end": 642, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,346"}, {"start": 680, "end": 691, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one billion"}, {"start": 720, "end": 724, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 734, "end": 755, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nature Communications"}, {"start": 781, "end": 783, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1076, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1104, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Verra"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1122, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zimbabwe"}]}
{"unique_index": 203, "source_text": "Investigators believe the assassination attempt on businessman Vadym Yermolaiev in Monaco was organized by two men with ties to Ukraine’s security services, the Ukrainian outlet Ukrainska Pravda reported, citing sources close to the investigation. They are Vladyslav Reut, a serving officer in Ukraine’s military intelligence agency (HUR), and Vitalii Zhykovych, a former officer of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 62, "label": "JOB", "value": "businessman"}, {"start": 63, "end": 79, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vadym Yermolaiev"}, {"start": 83, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Monaco"}, {"start": 107, "end": 110, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 128, "end": 135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 178, "end": 194, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ukrainska Pravda"}, {"start": 257, "end": 271, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vladyslav Reut"}, {"start": 283, "end": 290, "label": "JOB", "value": "officer"}, {"start": 294, "end": 301, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 334, "end": 337, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "HUR"}, {"start": 344, "end": 361, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vitalii Zhykovych"}, {"start": 365, "end": 379, "label": "JOB", "value": "former officer"}, {"start": 387, "end": 414, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Security Service of Ukraine"}, {"start": 416, "end": 419, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SBU"}]}
{"unique_index": 191, "source_text": "As anti-immigrant protests gather momentum, a clause in the NHI Act could deny many refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants HIV treatment — despite Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi saying that would \"work in reverse\" in the fight against HIV. Would the health minister be prepared to change that if the Constitutional Court rules the Act can go ahead?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 159, "end": 174, "label": "JOB", "value": "Health Minister"}, {"start": 175, "end": 191, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aaron Motsoaledi"}, {"start": 264, "end": 279, "label": "JOB", "value": "health minister"}, {"start": 314, "end": 334, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Constitutional Court"}]}
{"unique_index": 20107, "source_text": "On June 30, 2027, investigative reporter Clara Dupont trained a news editor at Sunrise Media Group. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 30, 2027"}, {"start": 18, "end": 40, "label": "JOB", "value": "investigative reporter"}, {"start": 41, "end": 53, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Clara Dupont"}, {"start": 64, "end": 75, "label": "JOB", "value": "news editor"}, {"start": 79, "end": 98, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}]}
{"unique_index": 581, "source_text": "The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest on 28 June 2026 and launched an indefinite hunger strike. On 20 July 2026, protesters’ “Chalo", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 28, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 59, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 76, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 89, "end": 101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 132, "end": 156, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 157, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 217, "end": 233, "label": "JOB", "value": "Climate activist"}, {"start": 234, "end": 248, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 271, "end": 283, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June 2026"}, {"start": 329, "end": 341, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 July 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 20023, "source_text": "Metro Water Laboratory reviewed 12 deployments of WaveMonitor in Stonegate Medical Campus on July 14, 2027. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro Water Laboratory"}, {"start": 32, "end": 34, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 50, "end": 61, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WaveMonitor"}, {"start": 65, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Stonegate Medical Campus"}, {"start": 93, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 14, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 429, "source_text": "Ukrainian drone strikes on Wildberries logistics centers in the Moscow and Tambov regions may have affected roughly 10 to 15 percent of the marketplace’s total warehouse space, a Wildberries source told The Bell. The strikes are unlikely to paralyze the marketplace’s operations, the source said, though they could put serious strain on logistics in the Moscow market — the company’s largest.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 38, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 64, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 75, "end": 81, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tambov"}, {"start": 116, "end": 124, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10 to 15"}, {"start": 179, "end": 190, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 203, "end": 211, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Bell"}, {"start": 354, "end": 360, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}]}
{"unique_index": 629, "source_text": "Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree raising the army’s authorized size to 2,426,130 personnel, with service members now numbering 1,535,000, up from 1,510,000.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 18, "end": 32, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vladimir Putin"}, {"start": 87, "end": 96, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,426,130"}, {"start": 129, "end": 132, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 143, "end": 152, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,535,000"}, {"start": 162, "end": 171, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,510,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 90, "source_text": ", virginie.ritzkat1951 , kossiwa.pesantez , R195117 , 71fatin.ilinov , otavio.telin , and 1944ruddy.sharipova - will have access to personalized spaces tailored to your unique needs. Whether it's engaging in mindfulness exercises, participating in group challenges, or simply sharing a laugh, the Digital Fan Zones aim to foster a sense of community and", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 22, "label": "PERSON", "value": "virginie.ritzkat1951"}, {"start": 25, "end": 41, "label": "PERSON", "value": "kossiwa.pesantez"}, {"start": 44, "end": 51, "label": "PERSON", "value": "R195117"}, {"start": 54, "end": 68, "label": "PERSON", "value": "71fatin.ilinov"}, {"start": 71, "end": 83, "label": "PERSON", "value": "otavio.telin"}, {"start": 90, "end": 109, "label": "PERSON", "value": "1944ruddy.sharipova"}, {"start": 297, "end": 314, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Digital Fan Zones"}]}
{"unique_index": 481, "source_text": "Vietnamese consumers, particularly men, are eating more imported beef while grappling with high rates of gout", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 546, "source_text": "Vishesh* is studying for his Master of Arts in social work. This is his first time away from his home in Buldhana district, Maharashtra. His parents are farmers, with an annual income of INR 2,00,000. He is the first person from his family to ever pursue a postgraduate degree. Twice a week, Vishesh wakes up before sunrise to take the local train to Karjat, 70 km east of Mumbai, for his fieldwork with a livelihoods- and disability-focused nonprofit. The journey costs him INR 50 weekly. The fieldwork allowance provided to cover travel and food almost always falls short. To cover his expenses, he often skips dinner in the college dining hall, saving INR 50 each week. Vishesh, who belongs to a Scheduled Tribe community, was eligible for the Government of India's Post-Matric Scholarship. In recent years, the scholarship has undergone several changes: Other Backward Classes (OBC) students are no longer eligible for it, and administration of funds has shifted from central to state governments, with each state now maintaining its", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vishesh"}, {"start": 72, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "first time"}, {"start": 105, "end": 122, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buldhana district"}, {"start": 124, "end": 135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maharashtra"}, {"start": 153, "end": 160, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 170, "end": 176, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annual"}, {"start": 191, "end": 199, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,00,000"}, {"start": 211, "end": 216, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "first"}, {"start": 278, "end": 290, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Twice a week"}, {"start": 292, "end": 299, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vishesh"}, {"start": 351, "end": 357, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Karjat"}, {"start": 359, "end": 361, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 373, "end": 379, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mumbai"}, {"start": 479, "end": 481, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 482, "end": 488, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weekly"}, {"start": 659, "end": 661, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 662, "end": 671, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each week"}, {"start": 673, "end": 680, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vishesh"}, {"start": 747, "end": 766, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Government of India"}, {"start": 797, "end": 809, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "recent years"}, {"start": 841, "end": 848, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1021, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 155, "source_text": "By Bauyrzhan Zhaxylykov Nearly half of Great Lakes beachgoers rarely or never check water quality before swimming, according to a new study by researchers at Toronto Metropolitan University.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 23, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bauyrzhan Zhaxylykov"}, {"start": 31, "end": 35, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 39, "end": 50, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Lakes"}, {"start": 143, "end": 154, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 158, "end": 189, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Toronto Metropolitan University"}]}
{"unique_index": 171, "source_text": "With African scientists leading the way in the latest Ebola response, Catherine Kyobutungi makes the case for long-term investment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 23, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientists"}, {"start": 70, "end": 90, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Catherine Kyobutungi"}]}
{"unique_index": 56, "source_text": "The cinematography department collaborates with lighting technicians during production hours . Our West Wing Studio features modern cameras purchased from TechVision Industries for 2.5million EUR . Students receive hands-on training in Northern California 's premier film district .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 48, "end": 68, "label": "JOB", "value": "lighting technicians"}, {"start": 76, "end": 92, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "production hours"}, {"start": 99, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Wing Studio"}, {"start": 155, "end": 176, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TechVision Industries"}, {"start": 181, "end": 191, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.5million"}, {"start": 236, "end": 255, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Northern California"}]}
{"unique_index": 83, "source_text": "When Robert Walsh from CloudGuard Systems conducted annual training at Security Operations Hub , he emphasized protecting sensitive data like social security numbers and credit card information. The facility , located in Harris , spans 25000 square feet and serves 500 institutions across North America year-round .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robert Walsh"}, {"start": 23, "end": 41, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CloudGuard Systems"}, {"start": 52, "end": 58, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annual"}, {"start": 71, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Security Operations Hub"}, {"start": 221, "end": 227, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Harris"}, {"start": 236, "end": 241, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25000"}, {"start": 265, "end": 268, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 289, "end": 302, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North America"}, {"start": 303, "end": 313, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "year-round"}]}
{"unique_index": 20095, "source_text": "Karim Benali, the newly appointed museum curator, signed 12 contracts for Maple Arts Collective on Wednesday evening. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Karim Benali"}, {"start": 34, "end": 48, "label": "JOB", "value": "museum curator"}, {"start": 57, "end": 59, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 74, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 99, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Wednesday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 20229, "source_text": "“The Memory Archive” is a documentary distributed by Silverline Studios; Daniel Okafor watched it in Marrakesh on June 22, 2028. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1, "end": 19, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Memory Archive"}, {"start": 53, "end": 71, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 73, "end": 86, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Okafor"}, {"start": 101, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Marrakesh"}, {"start": 114, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 22, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20120, "source_text": "Maple Arts Collective opened a branch in Dublin; Ines Duarte became its museum curator on April 4, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 41, "end": 47, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dublin"}, {"start": 49, "end": 60, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ines Duarte"}, {"start": 72, "end": 86, "label": "JOB", "value": "museum curator"}, {"start": 90, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 4, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 406, "source_text": "An Openly Declared Massacre. Syrian social media is rife with incitement campaigns targeting Alawites. The posts have in common the dehumanization of members of the Alawite community and holding them collectively responsible for the crimes of the Assad regime, and mix in religious accusations of apostasy, sectarian hatred, and calls for collective revenge. Accompanying this hate speech is an ecosystem of official and semi-official media loyal to the authorities...", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 27, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "An Openly Declared Massacre"}, {"start": 247, "end": 259, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Assad regime"}]}
{"unique_index": 578, "source_text": "Vladimir Putin paid an unannounced visit to an aviation plant in Irkutsk. State media, including TASS, did not report on the trip until the afternoon of July 24.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vladimir Putin"}, {"start": 65, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Irkutsk"}, {"start": 97, "end": 101, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TASS"}, {"start": 140, "end": 160, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "afternoon of July 24"}]}
{"unique_index": 20060, "source_text": "Alpine Energy Cooperative evaluated GridPilot with 12 test cases during two hours, according to Amara Diallo. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 25, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alpine Energy Cooperative"}, {"start": 36, "end": 45, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "GridPilot"}, {"start": 51, "end": 53, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 72, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two hours"}, {"start": 96, "end": 108, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amara Diallo"}]}
{"unique_index": 388, "source_text": "More than three years since war broke out in Sudan, millions of lives have been systematically unraveled. Women have borne a disproportionate share of that destruction, they have been displaced from homes, separated from networks of support, and forced into roles they were never prepared for but have refused to collapse under. The following testimonies…", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}, {"start": 45, "end": 50, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 52, "end": 60, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 557, "source_text": "FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:New York, July 23, 2026 — In a direct attack on the First Amendment, the House Ways and Means Committee has subpoenaed independent news outlet BreakThrough News, demanding internal records under the guise of investigating foreign influence in the tax-exempt nonprofit sector.The committee, chaired by Rep. Jason Smith, is seeking BreakThrough News’ financial records, internal communications, and more. Lawmakers claim the probe focuses on tax compliance. But abusing congressional subpoena power to target a news outlet whose coverage a committee chair doesn’t like undermines core press freedom guarantees.The following can be attributed to Freedom of the Press Foundation (FPF) Chief of Advocacy Seth Stern: “Congress shouldn’t be using a tax investigation as a pretext to dig through a newsroom’s internal communications or financial records. Freedom of the press applies to all journalists, regardless of whether politicians like their editorial slant or their politics.“Allowing a congressional committee to harass an independent newsroom with a broad subpoena sets an awful precedent. If lawmakers can abuse tax oversight to single out outlets whose reporting offends them today, no newsroom in America is safe from government intimidation tomorrow.” FPF strongly urges the House Ways and Means Committee to withdraw its subpoena against BreakThrough News and stop using congressional oversight as a tool to retaliate against independent media.Please contact us if you would like further comment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York"}, {"start": 32, "end": 45, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 23, 2026"}, {"start": 95, "end": 125, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "House Ways and Means Committee"}, {"start": 165, "end": 182, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BreakThrough News"}, {"start": 323, "end": 327, "label": "JOB", "value": "Rep."}, {"start": 328, "end": 339, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jason Smith"}, {"start": 352, "end": 369, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BreakThrough News"}, {"start": 425, "end": 434, "label": "JOB", "value": "Lawmakers"}, {"start": 570, "end": 575, "label": "JOB", "value": "chair"}, {"start": 665, "end": 696, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Freedom of the Press Foundation"}, {"start": 698, "end": 701, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FPF"}, {"start": 703, "end": 720, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief of Advocacy"}, {"start": 721, "end": 731, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Seth Stern"}, {"start": 734, "end": 742, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Congress"}, {"start": 905, "end": 916, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 940, "end": 951, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 1202, "end": 1207, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 1224, "end": 1231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "America"}, {"start": 1269, "end": 1277, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "tomorrow"}, {"start": 1280, "end": 1283, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FPF"}, {"start": 1303, "end": 1333, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "House Ways and Means Committee"}, {"start": 1367, "end": 1384, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BreakThrough News"}]}
{"unique_index": 518, "source_text": "TL;DR Indian Railways has significantly improved level crossing safety over the past decade. The number of level crossings has fallen by over 40%, while 97% are now manned and all unmanned broad-gauge crossings have been eliminated. Level crossing accidents have dropped from 45% of all train accidents in 2013–14 to just 3% in 2024–25. However,", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Indian Railways"}, {"start": 80, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past decade"}, {"start": 142, "end": 144, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 153, "end": 155, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "97"}, {"start": 161, "end": 164, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 276, "end": 278, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45"}, {"start": 306, "end": 313, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013–14"}, {"start": 322, "end": 323, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 328, "end": 335, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024–25"}]}
{"unique_index": 20142, "source_text": "The Silver Lake Reserve office belongs to BrightPath Telecom, not Open Harbor Initiative, said network administrator Layla Osman. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 23, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silver Lake Reserve"}, {"start": 42, "end": 60, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BrightPath Telecom"}, {"start": 66, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Open Harbor Initiative"}, {"start": 95, "end": 116, "label": "JOB", "value": "network administrator"}, {"start": 117, "end": 128, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Layla Osman"}]}
{"unique_index": 195, "source_text": "Aboard the Banzeiro da Esperança, young Amazonian leaders are charting pathways for the future. Young people took part in the “Amazônia Reset” gathering, organized by the Global Shapers Manaus Hub, at Estação das Docas", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 94, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Aboard the Banzeiro da Esperança, young Amazonian leaders are charting pathways for the future"}, {"start": 171, "end": 196, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Shapers Manaus Hub"}, {"start": 201, "end": 218, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Estação das Docas"}]}
{"unique_index": 526, "source_text": "Vatican City - Today, Wednesday 22 July 2026, the Reverend Joseph Chang Yanfeng received episcopal ordination. The Holy Father appointed him bishop of Chifeng on 15 June 2026, having approved his candidature within the framework of the Provisional Agreement between the Holy See and the People’s Republic of China.The Reverend Joseph Chang Yanfeng was born on 4 April 1984 in Beizhen . From 2000 to 2006 he attended the Theological Seminary of Shenyang, after which he carried out a period of pastoral training at the parish of Lindong from July 2006 to February 2007. From 2007 to 2010, he studied at the Catholic University of Daejeon in South Korea, where he was awarded a degree in biblical theology. He was ordained a priest on 18 November 2010 for the diocese of Chifeng. From 2010 to 2013, he worked in the diocesan curia and, at the same time, in various parishes within the same circumscription. From October 2013 to September 2019, he served as parish priest of Chifeng Cathedral and subsequently, from 2019 to 2021, as parish priest of Lindong. Since 15 October 2021, he has held the post of diocesan administrator of Chifeng.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vatican City"}, {"start": 15, "end": 44, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today, Wednesday 22 July 2026"}, {"start": 50, "end": 58, "label": "JOB", "value": "Reverend"}, {"start": 59, "end": 79, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph Chang Yanfeng"}, {"start": 111, "end": 126, "label": "JOB", "value": "The Holy Father"}, {"start": 141, "end": 147, "label": "JOB", "value": "bishop"}, {"start": 151, "end": 158, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chifeng"}, {"start": 162, "end": 174, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 June 2026"}, {"start": 236, "end": 257, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Provisional Agreement"}, {"start": 270, "end": 278, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Holy See"}, {"start": 287, "end": 313, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "People’s Republic of China"}, {"start": 318, "end": 326, "label": "JOB", "value": "Reverend"}, {"start": 327, "end": 347, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph Chang Yanfeng"}, {"start": 360, "end": 372, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "4 April 1984"}, {"start": 376, "end": 383, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Beizhen"}, {"start": 391, "end": 403, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2000 to 2006"}, {"start": 420, "end": 452, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Theological Seminary of Shenyang"}, {"start": 528, "end": 535, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lindong"}, {"start": 541, "end": 567, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2006 to February 2007"}, {"start": 574, "end": 586, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2007 to 2010"}, {"start": 606, "end": 636, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Catholic University of Daejeon"}, {"start": 640, "end": 651, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Korea"}, {"start": 723, "end": 729, "label": "JOB", "value": "priest"}, {"start": 733, "end": 749, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 November 2010"}, {"start": 758, "end": 776, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "diocese of Chifeng"}, {"start": 783, "end": 795, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010 to 2013"}, {"start": 910, "end": 940, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2013 to September 2019"}, {"start": 955, "end": 968, "label": "JOB", "value": "parish priest"}, {"start": 972, "end": 989, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chifeng Cathedral"}, {"start": 1013, "end": 1025, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019 to 2021"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1043, "label": "JOB", "value": "parish priest"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1054, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lindong"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1077, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 October 2021"}, {"start": 1103, "end": 1125, "label": "JOB", "value": "diocesan administrator"}, {"start": 1129, "end": 1136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chifeng"}]}
{"unique_index": 141, "source_text": "They remain a remarkable example of Aboriginal innovation... and form one part of a growing body of work that challenges how hunter-gatherer Australian societies have long been perceived.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 73, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 640, "source_text": "The huge letters are works of art paying homage to the rich history of artists who have lived and worked in Bronzeville.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 108, "end": 119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bronzeville"}]}
{"unique_index": 20193, "source_text": "On Sunday evening, Summit Aviation Institute appointed Omar Haddad as flight instructor and added 12 staff in Singapore over 12 weeks. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday evening"}, {"start": 19, "end": 44, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Summit Aviation Institute"}, {"start": 55, "end": 66, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Omar Haddad"}, {"start": 70, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "flight instructor"}, {"start": 98, "end": 100, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 110, "end": 119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 125, "end": 133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12 weeks"}]}
{"unique_index": 385, "source_text": "TL;DR Punjab, Kerala and Delhi emerged as the highest-scoring States in the latest Performance Grading Index (PGI). The top-performing States excelled in different aspects of school education, highlighting that there is no single path to strong performance. Between 2021–22 and 2025–26, the number of States and Union Territories in the Prachesta performance bands increased from", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Punjab"}, {"start": 14, "end": 20, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kerala"}, {"start": 25, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi"}, {"start": 83, "end": 108, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Performance Grading Index"}, {"start": 110, "end": 113, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PGI"}, {"start": 266, "end": 273, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021–22"}, {"start": 278, "end": 285, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025–26"}]}
{"unique_index": 20092, "source_text": "After two decades, network administrator Layla Osman left BrightPath Telecom for a role in Silver Lake Reserve. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades"}, {"start": 19, "end": 40, "label": "JOB", "value": "network administrator"}, {"start": 41, "end": 52, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Layla Osman"}, {"start": 58, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BrightPath Telecom"}, {"start": 91, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silver Lake Reserve"}]}
{"unique_index": 20018, "source_text": "The flight instructor compared OrbitKey with ScoutLens during a workshop in Eastgate Clinic on March 21, 2027. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "flight instructor"}, {"start": 31, "end": 39, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OrbitKey"}, {"start": 45, "end": 54, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ScoutLens"}, {"start": 76, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eastgate Clinic"}, {"start": 95, "end": 109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 21, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20115, "source_text": "Urban ecologist Lucas Meyer discussed “Fields of Change” with Redwood Climate Center in Pioneer Technology Park. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "JOB", "value": "Urban ecologist"}, {"start": 16, "end": 27, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lucas Meyer"}, {"start": 39, "end": 55, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Fields of Change"}, {"start": 62, "end": 84, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Redwood Climate Center"}, {"start": 88, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pioneer Technology Park"}]}
{"unique_index": 20225, "source_text": "“A Manual for Tomorrow” is a documentary distributed by Sunrise Media Group; Kenji Tanaka watched it in Bergen on September 14, 2028. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1, "end": 22, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Manual for Tomorrow"}, {"start": 56, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 77, "end": 89, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kenji Tanaka"}, {"start": 104, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bergen"}, {"start": 114, "end": 132, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 14, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20117, "source_text": "Network administrator David Mwangi discussed “The Blue Notebook” with BrightPath Telecom in Valencia. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "Network administrator"}, {"start": 22, "end": 34, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David Mwangi"}, {"start": 46, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Blue Notebook"}, {"start": 70, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BrightPath Telecom"}, {"start": 92, "end": 100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Valencia"}]}
{"unique_index": 646, "source_text": "Partnerships with China, not protectionism, will determine affordable, interoperable and equitable global decarbonisation and energy security. The global net zero transition has a supply chain, and it runs through China. This is not a geopolitical talking point — it is the operating reality of the fastest energy shift in human history. China now produces around", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 23, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 158, "end": 162, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 214, "end": 219, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 338, "end": 343, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 344, "end": 347, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 496, "source_text": "After months of tense discussions with authorities, Oxpeckers journalist Sello Motseta finally gets to see the environmental plan for Botala Energy’s coal bed methane project", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "months"}, {"start": 52, "end": 61, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Oxpeckers"}, {"start": 62, "end": 72, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 73, "end": 86, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sello Motseta"}, {"start": 134, "end": 147, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Botala Energy"}]}
{"unique_index": 324, "source_text": "Techstars is a global startup accelerator and professional network. The Nebraska-based nonprofit Open Range helps lead the local reach of the 10-week program, connecting founders across Omaha, Lincoln and the wider state to the mentorship and connection-building opportunity. The deadline to apply is Aug. 21.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Techstars"}, {"start": 97, "end": 107, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Open Range"}, {"start": 142, "end": 149, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10-week"}, {"start": 186, "end": 191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Omaha"}, {"start": 193, "end": 200, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lincoln"}, {"start": 301, "end": 308, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Aug. 21"}]}
{"unique_index": 560, "source_text": "Yevgeny Poddubny, a Russian war correspondent and one of the top five candidates on United Russia’s list for the State Duma elections, declared shares in several foreign companies, including Apple Inc., Intel Corporation, Procter & Gamble, and Nebius Group N.V., the Russian business daily Kommersant reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yevgeny Poddubny"}, {"start": 28, "end": 45, "label": "JOB", "value": "war correspondent"}, {"start": 50, "end": 53, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 65, "end": 69, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 84, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Russia"}, {"start": 113, "end": 123, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Duma"}, {"start": 154, "end": 161, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 191, "end": 201, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple Inc."}, {"start": 203, "end": 220, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Intel Corporation"}, {"start": 222, "end": 238, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Procter & Gamble"}, {"start": 244, "end": 261, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nebius Group N.V."}, {"start": 290, "end": 300, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kommersant"}]}
{"unique_index": 20044, "source_text": "At midnight, GridPilot alerted renewable energy engineer Leila Mansour to an outage in Lagos. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "midnight"}, {"start": 13, "end": 22, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "GridPilot"}, {"start": 31, "end": 56, "label": "JOB", "value": "renewable energy engineer"}, {"start": 57, "end": 70, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leila Mansour"}, {"start": 87, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lagos"}]}
{"unique_index": 28, "source_text": "illegal , harassing , hateful , defamatory , embarrassing , offensive , obscene , sexually explicit or otherwise objectionable actions performed with the nintendo account ;", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 154, "end": 170, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "nintendo account"}]}
{"unique_index": 632, "source_text": "Former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych is now living in Sochi and using documents in the name of “Oleg Nikolayevich Leonov,” according to an investigation by the Ukrainian YouTube channel “Telebachennya Toronto.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 26, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 27, "end": 44, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Viktor Yanukovych"}, {"start": 48, "end": 51, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 62, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sochi"}, {"start": 104, "end": 128, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oleg Nikolayevich Leonov"}, {"start": 178, "end": 185, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 195, "end": 216, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Telebachennya Toronto"}]}
{"unique_index": 212, "source_text": "The Moscow City Court has sentenced Georgy Pirogov, a 37-year-old man from the Moscow region, to 23 years in a maximum-security penal colony, the independent Russian news outlet Mediazona reported, citing a source familiar with the ruling. The court also fined him 800,000 rubles.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Moscow City Court"}, {"start": 36, "end": 50, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Georgy Pirogov"}, {"start": 54, "end": 65, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "37-year-old"}, {"start": 79, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 97, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "23 years"}, {"start": 178, "end": 187, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Mediazona"}, {"start": 265, "end": 272, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "800,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 218, "source_text": "During the Budget Session 2026–27, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Empowerment of Women tabled the Fourth Report on Cyber Crimes and Cyber Safety of Women. The report identifies several facets of cybercrime ecosystem afflicting women in India, probes gaps in policy, and makes corresponding recommendations. A primary concern with the report is the absence of cohesive and reliable public datasets. To begin with, the report systematically underrepresents tech-facilitated gender-based violence (TF-GBV). TF-GBV is defined by the United Nations Population Fund as, “an act of violence that is committed, assisted, aggravated and amplified in part or fully by the use of information and communication technologies or digital media against a person on the basis of gender.” The report data over-indexes financial cybercrime. A staggering 72.6 percent of the total 1,01,928 offences reported in 2024 having been recorded as either banking or investment fraud, even higher than the 65 percent recorded in 2023. Cases of online sexual exploitation account for a meagre 3.1 percent. This is because the classification of cybercrime privileges", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 26, "end": 33, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026–27"}, {"start": 39, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Parliamentary Standing Committee on Empowerment of Women"}, {"start": 107, "end": 162, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Fourth Report on Cyber Crimes and Cyber Safety of Women"}, {"start": 245, "end": 250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 538, "end": 568, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Population Fund"}, {"start": 844, "end": 848, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "72.6"}, {"start": 870, "end": 878, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,01,928"}, {"start": 900, "end": 904, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 986, "end": 988, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "65"}, {"start": 1009, "end": 1013, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1075, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.1"}]}
{"unique_index": 630, "source_text": "Kirill Cheplygin, a resident of Achinsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai, was sentenced to 19 years for murdering his ex-wife and her boyfriend. He has since signed a contract with Russia’s Defense Ministry and left for the war in Ukraine, his ex-wife’s mother told the newspaper Gorod A.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kirill Cheplygin"}, {"start": 32, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Achinsk"}, {"start": 43, "end": 59, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Krasnoyarsk Krai"}, {"start": 78, "end": 86, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "19 years"}, {"start": 168, "end": 174, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 177, "end": 193, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Defense Ministry"}, {"start": 218, "end": 225, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 267, "end": 274, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Gorod A"}]}
{"unique_index": 20158, "source_text": "Flooding near Kyoto forced Civic Data Alliance to move 12 employees to Bergen on May 7, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyoto"}, {"start": 27, "end": 46, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Data Alliance"}, {"start": 55, "end": 57, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 71, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bergen"}, {"start": 81, "end": 92, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20039, "source_text": "Silverline Studios acquired JadeStudio from New Dawn Film Society for USD 12 on September 14, 2028. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 28, "end": 38, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 44, "end": 65, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "New Dawn Film Society"}, {"start": 74, "end": 76, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 80, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 14, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20152, "source_text": "Elena Petrova arrived in Brussels before meeting Meridian Health Network's clinical researcher at 12:45 p.m. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elena Petrova"}, {"start": 25, "end": 33, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brussels"}, {"start": 49, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meridian Health Network"}, {"start": 75, "end": 94, "label": "JOB", "value": "clinical researcher"}, {"start": 98, "end": 108, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12:45 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 20147, "source_text": "Sunrise Media Group sponsored a concert at Accra, where “The Second Sunrise” premiered on July 14, 2027 with Victor Ionescu in attendance. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 43, "end": 48, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Accra"}, {"start": 57, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Second Sunrise"}, {"start": 90, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 14, 2027"}, {"start": 109, "end": 123, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Victor Ionescu"}]}
{"unique_index": 53, "source_text": "North Korea says sanctions applied against it will be \"declaration of war\" Pyongyang ready to \"mercilessly punish anyone\" who applies pressure . U.N. has condemned North Korean rocket launch .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Korea"}, {"start": 75, "end": 84, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pyongyang"}, {"start": 145, "end": 149, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "U.N."}]}
{"unique_index": 251, "source_text": "Conflicting domestic economic policies, sudden judicial disruptions, and fresh American tariff investigations have upended the India-US trade deal. About two weeks ago, the much-anticipated bilateral trade agreement (BTA) between India and the United States (US) seemed close to completion. United States Trade Representative (USTR) Jamieson Greer led his team to New Delhi, and both governments", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 154, "end": 167, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two weeks ago"}, {"start": 230, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 244, "end": 257, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 259, "end": 261, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 291, "end": 304, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 305, "end": 325, "label": "JOB", "value": "Trade Representative"}, {"start": 327, "end": 331, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "USTR"}, {"start": 333, "end": 347, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jamieson Greer"}, {"start": 364, "end": 373, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 379, "end": 383, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 409, "source_text": "The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. On 28 June 2026, Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest and is currently on an indefinite hunger strike in support of the demands (here,", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 28, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 59, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 76, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 89, "end": 101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 132, "end": 156, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 157, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 220, "end": 232, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June 2026"}, {"start": 234, "end": 248, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 275, "end": 284, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}]}
{"unique_index": 351, "source_text": "A three-minute video that appears to be CCTV footage of a bleeding man has gone viral. In the footage, two men can be seen opening a collapsible gate, after which another man walks out, howling as he bleeds and eventually walks away. Social media users have claimed that the man from Kerala seen in the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 14, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three-minute"}, {"start": 103, "end": 106, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 284, "end": 290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kerala"}]}
{"unique_index": 20231, "source_text": "Ravi Patel wrote “Under Northern Skies” using EchoReader and submitted it to Eastgate Public Library on June 30, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ravi Patel"}, {"start": 18, "end": 38, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Under Northern Skies"}, {"start": 46, "end": 56, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "EchoReader"}, {"start": 77, "end": 100, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}, {"start": 104, "end": 117, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 30, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 230, "source_text": "As Renoster launches Apollo and ForestScan sets new benchmarks, the path to credible carbon unfolds in this week's forest news.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 11, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Renoster"}, {"start": 21, "end": 27, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Apollo"}, {"start": 32, "end": 42, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ForestScan"}, {"start": 103, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this week"}]}
{"unique_index": 497, "source_text": "The deployment of advanced data-aggregation platforms illustrates the dual-use risks of modern eco-surveillance. By Benon Herbert Oluka, Sam Schramski and Tulani Ngwenya", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 116, "end": 135, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Benon Herbert Oluka"}, {"start": 137, "end": 150, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sam Schramski"}, {"start": 155, "end": 169, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tulani Ngwenya"}]}
{"unique_index": 556, "source_text": "A Nepal Gen-Z protest video falsely shared as showing a student throwing back a tear gas shell at police officers during the CJP protest. The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest on 28 June and began an indefinite hunger strike. On 20 July, protesters launched a “Chalo", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 136, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Nepal Gen-Z protest video falsely shared as showing a student throwing back a tear gas shell at police officers during the CJP protest"}, {"start": 142, "end": 164, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 166, "end": 169, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 197, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 214, "end": 223, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 227, "end": 239, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 270, "end": 294, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 295, "end": 313, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 355, "end": 371, "label": "JOB", "value": "Climate activist"}, {"start": 372, "end": 386, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 409, "end": 416, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June"}, {"start": 459, "end": 466, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 July"}]}
{"unique_index": 156, "source_text": "By Anna Barnes The invasive elm zigzag sawfly has been confirmed in Michigan for the first time.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna Barnes"}, {"start": 68, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Michigan"}, {"start": 85, "end": 95, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "first time"}]}
{"unique_index": 445, "source_text": "Market Board report says shootings, stabbings, and visible homelessness are keeping shoppers away as second-quarter traffic falls 9.3 per cent year-over-year.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 101, "end": 115, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "second-quarter"}, {"start": 130, "end": 133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9.3"}, {"start": 143, "end": 157, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "year-over-year"}]}
{"unique_index": 20170, "source_text": "Ines Duarte spoke at 10:10 a.m. and answered 12 questions before Monday morning for Maple Arts Collective. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ines Duarte"}, {"start": 21, "end": 31, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10:10 a.m."}, {"start": 45, "end": 47, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 65, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday morning"}, {"start": 84, "end": 105, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}]}
{"unique_index": 209, "source_text": "Russian refineries have processed an average of 3.91 million barrels of crude per day so far in July, Bloomberg reported, citing data from EA Analytics, a division of Energy Aspects, a British firm that analyzes commodity and energy markets.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 48, "end": 60, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.91 million"}, {"start": 78, "end": 85, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "per day"}, {"start": 96, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July"}, {"start": 102, "end": 111, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bloomberg"}, {"start": 139, "end": 151, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EA Analytics"}, {"start": 167, "end": 181, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Energy Aspects"}]}
{"unique_index": 196, "source_text": "From Fashion’s Ecological Rhetoric to Ancestral Practices That Truly Protect the Forest", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 269, "source_text": "Milwaukee’s 40+ Double Dutch Club is still in its infancy, but members are already seeing life changes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}, {"start": 12, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "40+ Double Dutch Club"}]}
{"unique_index": 147, "source_text": "Agência Mural spoke with four collectives that work with local people to mitigate the impacts of climate change and promote environmental education in their areas.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Agência Mural"}, {"start": 25, "end": 29, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}]}
{"unique_index": 20130, "source_text": "Hana Suzuki visited Redwood District, then emailed Blue River Analytics from Accra on December 2, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hana Suzuki"}, {"start": 20, "end": 36, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Redwood District"}, {"start": 51, "end": 71, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}, {"start": 77, "end": 82, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Accra"}, {"start": 86, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20169, "source_text": "On June 30, 2027, Clearwater Housing Board paid USD 65 to Tariq Saleh for three days of consulting work. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 30, 2027"}, {"start": 18, "end": 42, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Clearwater Housing Board"}, {"start": 52, "end": 54, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "65"}, {"start": 58, "end": 69, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tariq Saleh"}, {"start": 74, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three days"}]}
{"unique_index": 20035, "source_text": "Alpine Energy Cooperative acquired GridPilot from Helios Manufacturing for USD 750 on December 6, 2028. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 25, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alpine Energy Cooperative"}, {"start": 35, "end": 44, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "GridPilot"}, {"start": 50, "end": 70, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}, {"start": 79, "end": 82, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "750"}, {"start": 86, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 6, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 513, "source_text": "Control of the Legislature won’t be known until the Nov. 3 general election, but the primary could offer clues about who has momentum.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 52, "end": 58, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Nov. 3"}]}
{"unique_index": 283, "source_text": "What’s your favorite fun Wisconsin history fact? We asked the 325 candidates running for state and legislative office in 2026 that question and others as a part of Wisconsin Watch’s 2026 voter guide, a resource that launches today.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 34, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wisconsin"}, {"start": 62, "end": 65, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "325"}, {"start": 121, "end": 125, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 164, "end": 179, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wisconsin Watch"}, {"start": 182, "end": 186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 225, "end": 230, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 188, "source_text": "The judges deciding the NHI case are part of a 30-year tradition of using evidence, constitutional principles and careful reasoning to resolve some of South Africa’s toughest health disputes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 10, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 47, "end": 54, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30-year"}, {"start": 151, "end": 163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 320, "source_text": "Zelensky pushes out Ukraine’s defense minister after six months. Ukraine’s Defense Minister Mykhailo Fedorov will leave his post, Verkhovna Rada deputies Olha Vasylevska-Smahliuk and Yaroslav Zheleznyak said. According to the deputies, Ihor Klymenko will be offered the position.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Zelensky pushes out Ukraine’s defense minister after six months"}, {"start": 65, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 75, "end": 91, "label": "JOB", "value": "Defense Minister"}, {"start": 92, "end": 108, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Fedorov"}, {"start": 130, "end": 144, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Verkhovna Rada"}, {"start": 145, "end": 153, "label": "JOB", "value": "deputies"}, {"start": 154, "end": 178, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Olha Vasylevska-Smahliuk"}, {"start": 183, "end": 202, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yaroslav Zheleznyak"}, {"start": 226, "end": 234, "label": "JOB", "value": "deputies"}, {"start": 236, "end": 249, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ihor Klymenko"}]}
{"unique_index": 105, "source_text": "Zayd Ayers Dohrn’s new book about his Weatherman parents, “Dangerous, Dirty, Violent and Young,” contends honestly with the political violence of the 1970s.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zayd Ayers Dohrn"}, {"start": 38, "end": 48, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Weatherman"}, {"start": 59, "end": 94, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Dangerous, Dirty, Violent and Young"}, {"start": 150, "end": 155, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}]}
{"unique_index": 20101, "source_text": "Cedar Valley University's university rector, Ethan Brooks, spoke in Warsaw at 3:25 p.m. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cedar Valley University"}, {"start": 26, "end": 43, "label": "JOB", "value": "university rector"}, {"start": 45, "end": 57, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ethan Brooks"}, {"start": 68, "end": 74, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Warsaw"}, {"start": 78, "end": 87, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3:25 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 20146, "source_text": "Maple Arts Collective sponsored a concert at Crescent Theater, where “The Open Window” premiered on December 2029 with Lina Costa in attendance. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 45, "end": 61, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Crescent Theater"}, {"start": 70, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Open Window"}, {"start": 100, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2029"}, {"start": 119, "end": 129, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lina Costa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20201, "source_text": "Cedar Valley University announced that LumenPad would launch in Warsaw on Monday morning. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cedar Valley University"}, {"start": 39, "end": 47, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 64, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Warsaw"}, {"start": 74, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 254, "source_text": "New research suggests that long-term Instagram use may influence the way people experience their own identity and distinguish themselves from others. Growing concerns about the effects of social media on young people have become a global policy issue, prompting governments around the world to act. Australia has introduced a social media ban for under-16s, with", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 46, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 299, "end": 308, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 347, "end": 356, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "under-16s"}]}
{"unique_index": 231, "source_text": "From Brazil’s pasturelands to California’s wildfire plans, new funding models test how far restoration can go—and who it really serves.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 30, "end": 40, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "California"}]}
{"unique_index": 352, "source_text": "Trigger Warning: Use of Expletives The June 12 conviction of 14 men for the 2022 lynching of a Muslim truck driver in Madhya Pradesh has triggered a coordinated wave of communal abuse, threats and misinformation directed at the judge who delivered the verdict. Within hours of additional district and sessions judge Tabassum Khan sentencing 14", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 39, "end": 46, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 12"}, {"start": 61, "end": 63, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 76, "end": 80, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 102, "end": 114, "label": "JOB", "value": "truck driver"}, {"start": 118, "end": 132, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Madhya Pradesh"}, {"start": 228, "end": 233, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 261, "end": 273, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Within hours"}, {"start": 277, "end": 315, "label": "JOB", "value": "additional district and sessions judge"}, {"start": 316, "end": 329, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tabassum Khan"}, {"start": 341, "end": 343, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}]}
{"unique_index": 391, "source_text": "Ghana’s queer movement is losing a fight it could be ‘winning’. Illustration description: A split illustration shows two contrasting scenes separated by a dark brick wall. On the left, several officials sit around a conference table beneath the Ghana flag in a formal meeting room. On the right, a small crowd of people holds protest signs in a dim outdoor setting. In March, the international community…", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ghana’s queer movement is losing a fight it could be ‘winning’"}, {"start": 117, "end": 120, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 185, "end": 192, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 193, "end": 202, "label": "JOB", "value": "officials"}, {"start": 245, "end": 250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 369, "end": 374, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March"}]}
{"unique_index": 520, "source_text": "From negotiating South Africa's bid to make the groundbreaking HIV prevention injection lenacapavir, to helping to chart the country's Aids programmes through unprecedented donor funding cuts, Thembi Xulu has become one of Africa's most influential HIV leaders. As delegates gather in Rio for the International Aids Conference, Bhekisisa profiles the woman helping shape the next chapter of South Africa's HIV response.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 29, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 88, "end": 99, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "lenacapavir"}, {"start": 193, "end": 204, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thembi Xulu"}, {"start": 223, "end": 229, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 249, "end": 260, "label": "JOB", "value": "HIV leaders"}, {"start": 285, "end": 288, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rio"}, {"start": 328, "end": 337, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bhekisisa"}, {"start": 391, "end": 403, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 66, "source_text": "As a Business Intelligence Director at Global Insights Co , I've seen our market analysis division evolve significantly since 2021 . Operating from our Research Center in Seattle , we've processed data from 50000 customers across North America . Our analytics team , led by Dr. Amanda Martinez , achieved 87 percent prediction accuracy in Q4 alone .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 35, "label": "JOB", "value": "Business Intelligence Director"}, {"start": 39, "end": 57, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Insights Co"}, {"start": 126, "end": 130, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 171, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Seattle"}, {"start": 207, "end": 212, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50000"}, {"start": 230, "end": 243, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North America"}, {"start": 278, "end": 293, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amanda Martinez"}, {"start": 305, "end": 307, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "87"}, {"start": 339, "end": 341, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Q4"}]}
{"unique_index": 20113, "source_text": "The report quotes Adam Kowalski, a school principal based in Buenos Aires, and Hana Suzuki, a education consultant at Lighthouse Education Trust. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 31, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Adam Kowalski"}, {"start": 35, "end": 51, "label": "JOB", "value": "school principal"}, {"start": 61, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buenos Aires"}, {"start": 79, "end": 90, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hana Suzuki"}, {"start": 94, "end": 114, "label": "JOB", "value": "education consultant"}, {"start": 118, "end": 144, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}]}
{"unique_index": 20016, "source_text": "The public defender compared EverSafe with LakeGuard during a workshop in Tbilisi on March 3, 2028. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "public defender"}, {"start": 29, "end": 37, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "EverSafe"}, {"start": 43, "end": 52, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LakeGuard"}, {"start": 74, "end": 81, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tbilisi"}, {"start": 85, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20084, "source_text": "Horizon Robotics assigned robotics technician Miriam Cohen to shadow its industrial designer for five days. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}, {"start": 26, "end": 45, "label": "JOB", "value": "robotics technician"}, {"start": 46, "end": 58, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Miriam Cohen"}, {"start": 73, "end": 92, "label": "JOB", "value": "industrial designer"}, {"start": 97, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five days"}]}
{"unique_index": 20161, "source_text": "Willow Creek Hospital and Central Medical Association signed an agreement in Meadow Park after 36 hours of talks led by Kwame Boateng. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}, {"start": 26, "end": 53, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Central Medical Association"}, {"start": 77, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Meadow Park"}, {"start": 95, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "36 hours"}, {"start": 120, "end": 133, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kwame Boateng"}]}
{"unique_index": 20181, "source_text": "Willow Creek Hospital served 1,850 families over 36 hours in Lisbon, according to Ravi Patel. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}, {"start": 29, "end": 34, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,850"}, {"start": 49, "end": 57, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "36 hours"}, {"start": 61, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lisbon"}, {"start": 82, "end": 92, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ravi Patel"}]}
{"unique_index": 408, "source_text": "Where should I begin, my beloved? – Traditional song from Suwayda *** I went to Syria for the very first time on 8 February 2025. Almost exactly two months prior, my partner and I – along with millions of Syrians worldwide – stayed up late into the night, fixated on the unfolding events. Exhausted from a week of monitoring, I eventually fell asleep, and awoke...", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 58, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Suwayda"}, {"start": 80, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syria"}, {"start": 113, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "8 February 2025"}, {"start": 145, "end": 161, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two months prior"}, {"start": 193, "end": 201, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 235, "end": 254, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late into the night"}, {"start": 304, "end": 310, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a week"}]}
{"unique_index": 470, "source_text": "Volodymyr Zelensky is reviewing a list of 11 candidates to replace Oleksandr Syrsky as commander-in-chief of Ukraine’s armed forces, Bloomberg sources reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 42, "end": 44, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 67, "end": 83, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oleksandr Syrsky"}, {"start": 87, "end": 105, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander-in-chief"}, {"start": 109, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 133, "end": 142, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bloomberg"}]}
{"unique_index": 20053, "source_text": "Jonas Berg reviewed JadeStudio in “Small Machines, Big Choices”, published by Silverline Studios on December 2029. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jonas Berg"}, {"start": 20, "end": 30, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 35, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Small Machines, Big Choices"}, {"start": 78, "end": 96, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 100, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2029"}]}
{"unique_index": 410, "source_text": "In 2011, Young helped pass the Business Innovation Act, the cornerstone state program helping startups. He also has worked across the Nebraska business community on policy issues. Young takes the helm of the NE Chamber as the state wrestles with brain drain and job growth issues.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2011"}, {"start": 9, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Young"}, {"start": 134, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nebraska"}, {"start": 180, "end": 185, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Young"}, {"start": 208, "end": 218, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NE Chamber"}]}
{"unique_index": 168, "source_text": "Regional AI plan agreed by 20 countries includes new expert group to combat disinformation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 29, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}]}
{"unique_index": 20156, "source_text": "Flooding near Auckland forced Greenfield Transit Authority to move 12 employees to Stonegate Medical Campus on August 9, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 22, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Auckland"}, {"start": 30, "end": 58, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenfield Transit Authority"}, {"start": 67, "end": 69, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 83, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Stonegate Medical Campus"}, {"start": 111, "end": 125, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 9, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20068, "source_text": "Flight instructor Isabella Moretti joined Summit Aviation Institute in Eastgate Clinic on December 2, 2027. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "Flight instructor"}, {"start": 18, "end": 34, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Isabella Moretti"}, {"start": 42, "end": 67, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Summit Aviation Institute"}, {"start": 71, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eastgate Clinic"}, {"start": 90, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 246, "source_text": "This report is the second installment of the #AutomationFever series supported by the Pulitzer Center. As newsrooms rush to roll out automation and partner with AI firms, they risk sinking deeper into ethical lapses, crises of trust, worker exploitation, and unsustainable business models. Stronger regulatory support is urgently needed. “Who was Affan Kurniawan?” Affan Kurniawan", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 61, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "#AutomationFever"}, {"start": 86, "end": 101, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pulitzer Center"}, {"start": 347, "end": 362, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Affan Kurniawan"}, {"start": 365, "end": 380, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Affan Kurniawan"}]}
{"unique_index": 589, "source_text": "TL;DR An analysis of NCRB data from 2001 to 2024 shows that stampede deaths in India continue to occur in irregular spikes rather than following a sustained decline. A total of 147 people lost their lives in stampedes in 2024, while the deadliest year in the dataset was 2011, with 489 deaths. The analysis also", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 25, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCRB"}, {"start": 36, "end": 48, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2001 to 2024"}, {"start": 79, "end": 84, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 177, "end": 180, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "147"}, {"start": 221, "end": 225, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 271, "end": 275, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2011"}, {"start": 282, "end": 285, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "489"}]}
{"unique_index": 20145, "source_text": "Silverline Studios sponsored a concert at Maple Street Station, where “A House of Many Voices” premiered on July 11, 2028 with Karim Benali in attendance. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 42, "end": 62, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maple Street Station"}, {"start": 71, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A House of Many Voices"}, {"start": 108, "end": 121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 11, 2028"}, {"start": 127, "end": 139, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Karim Benali"}]}
{"unique_index": 500, "source_text": "An old protest from Bihar is falsely shared as CJP protesters attacking a hydrogen train in Delhi. The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. On 28 June 2026, climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest and began an indefinite hunger strike in support of the movement’s demands.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 97, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "An old protest from Bihar is falsely shared as CJP protesters attacking a hydrogen train in Delhi"}, {"start": 103, "end": 125, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 127, "end": 130, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 158, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 175, "end": 184, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 188, "end": 200, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 231, "end": 255, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 256, "end": 274, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 319, "end": 331, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June 2026"}, {"start": 333, "end": 349, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate activist"}, {"start": 350, "end": 364, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}]}
{"unique_index": 502, "source_text": "AFRICA/SOUTH SUDAN - Bishops call for peace and dialogue ahead of December elections. Juba – At the conclusion of their annual assembly, held from July 15 to 17, 2026, the Catholic bishops of South Sudan issued an urgent appeal to address the serious challenges facing the country. Among their main concerns are the nation’s mounting economic challenges, including sharp currency depreciation and skyrocketing prices of goods and services, as well as ongoing violence between armed groups and security forces, and the encroachment of Uganda People’s Defence Forces into South Sudan’s southern borders.With democratic elections scheduled for December 22, 2026, the bishops called on political leaders, institutions, and all citizens to prioritize peace, dialogue, and constitutional order. They also raised concerns about the December 22 election date, which coincides with Christmas, noting that a “looming transitional and constitutional crisis” exists regardless of whether elections proceed.In the statement, released by Sr. Laurencila Akinyi of the Franciscan Sisters of St. Anne , the bishops also appealed to the international community and humanitarian partners to step up their support for a population severely affected by food insecurity. Recurrent flooding continues to devastate large areas of the country, destroying crops and undermining the livelihoods of thousands of families.Finally, the bishops reaffirmed the urgent need to fully implement the 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement in good faith and to base electoral decisions on dialogue, mutual trust, constitutional order, and the common good. They also appealed to all South Sudanese to reject violence, hatred, tribalism, and misinformation, emphasizing that citizens share a common destiny.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 84, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AFRICA/SOUTH SUDAN - Bishops call for peace and dialogue ahead of December elections"}, {"start": 147, "end": 166, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 15 to 17, 2026"}, {"start": 181, "end": 188, "label": "JOB", "value": "bishops"}, {"start": 192, "end": 203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Sudan"}, {"start": 534, "end": 564, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Uganda People’s Defence Forces"}, {"start": 570, "end": 581, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Sudan"}, {"start": 641, "end": 658, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 22, 2026"}, {"start": 664, "end": 671, "label": "JOB", "value": "bishops"}, {"start": 682, "end": 699, "label": "JOB", "value": "political leaders"}, {"start": 825, "end": 836, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 22"}, {"start": 873, "end": 882, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Christmas"}, {"start": 1024, "end": 1027, "label": "JOB", "value": "Sr."}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1045, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Laurencila Akinyi"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1083, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Franciscan Sisters of St. Anne"}, {"start": 1090, "end": 1097, "label": "JOB", "value": "bishops"}, {"start": 1371, "end": 1380, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 1406, "end": 1413, "label": "JOB", "value": "bishops"}, {"start": 1464, "end": 1468, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 1469, "end": 1496, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Revitalized Peace Agreement"}]}
{"unique_index": 20212, "source_text": "Helsinki hosted Maple Arts Collective's screening of “The Quiet Emergency”; Ana Torres attended on November 20, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Helsinki"}, {"start": 16, "end": 37, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 54, "end": 73, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Quiet Emergency"}, {"start": 76, "end": 86, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ana Torres"}, {"start": 99, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 20, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 622, "source_text": "The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar on 20 June 2026 over alleged examination irregularities. The party ended the protest on 27 July 2026 after Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan resigned and the government assured action on examination reforms (here, here). Amid these developments, a video showing a large group", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 28, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 59, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 76, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 161, "end": 173, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "27 July 2026"}, {"start": 180, "end": 204, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 205, "end": 223, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}]}
{"unique_index": 387, "source_text": "‘He was telling the truth’: The queer Zimbabwean artist whose music outlived him. Image Description: A young man stands on a quiet street, holding a microphone with both hands. A soft glowing soundwave passes across his chest, suggesting music or a voice. A few blurred figures stand behind him, watching from a distance. Charles TJ completed what he called his “life’s work”—his debut album, Unmuted—earlier this year. The project,…", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 80, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "‘He was telling the truth’: The queer Zimbabwean artist whose music outlived him"}, {"start": 165, "end": 169, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 322, "end": 332, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Charles TJ"}, {"start": 393, "end": 400, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Unmuted"}, {"start": 401, "end": 418, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "earlier this year"}]}
{"unique_index": 20094, "source_text": "After 18 months, housing inspector Leila Mansour left Clearwater Housing Board for a role in Lagos. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 months"}, {"start": 17, "end": 34, "label": "JOB", "value": "housing inspector"}, {"start": 35, "end": 48, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leila Mansour"}, {"start": 54, "end": 78, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Clearwater Housing Board"}, {"start": 93, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lagos"}]}
{"unique_index": 325, "source_text": "Prairie Portraits: Jason Thomas. The Prairie Portraits series features founders, funders and community builders from Nebraska's innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 31, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prairie Portraits: Jason Thomas"}, {"start": 117, "end": 125, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nebraska"}]}
{"unique_index": 604, "source_text": "Canada is fast-tracking permanent residence for up to 33,000 temporary workers based on nothing but application date, IRCC says — but it won't say who's actually benefiting.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 54, "end": 60, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33,000"}, {"start": 118, "end": 122, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IRCC"}]}
{"unique_index": 427, "source_text": "“Sobers became an example of the West Indian’s claim to [...] full participation, on merit, in a world that had long assumed such mastery was the preserve of the coloniser.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1, "end": 7, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sobers"}]}
{"unique_index": 422, "source_text": "Wildfire smoke drove Wisconsin's highest Air Quality Index readings in at least 16 years, surpassing the unprecedented pollution levels recorded in 2023.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wisconsin"}, {"start": 80, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16 years"}, {"start": 148, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}]}
{"unique_index": 20093, "source_text": "After 12 weeks, flight instructor Omar Haddad left Summit Aviation Institute for a role in Singapore. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 14, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12 weeks"}, {"start": 16, "end": 33, "label": "JOB", "value": "flight instructor"}, {"start": 34, "end": 45, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Omar Haddad"}, {"start": 51, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Summit Aviation Institute"}, {"start": 91, "end": 100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}]}
{"unique_index": 20086, "source_text": "In Seoul, Sofia Alvarez and Jonas Berg serve as medical director and public health nurse at Willow Creek Hospital. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Seoul"}, {"start": 10, "end": 23, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sofia Alvarez"}, {"start": 28, "end": 38, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jonas Berg"}, {"start": 48, "end": 64, "label": "JOB", "value": "medical director"}, {"start": 69, "end": 88, "label": "JOB", "value": "public health nurse"}, {"start": 92, "end": 113, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}]}
{"unique_index": 544, "source_text": "Liquid biopsy test for Burkitt lymphoma proved quick and accurate in East African studies.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20050, "source_text": "Maya Chen reviewed NimbusNote in “The Silent Harbor”, published by Sunrise Media Group on October 5, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maya Chen"}, {"start": 19, "end": 29, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 34, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Silent Harbor"}, {"start": 67, "end": 86, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 90, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 5, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 169, "source_text": "The Democratic Republic of Congo’s top Ebola scientist says work is underway to develop a monoclonal antibody against the Bundibugyo species of the virus.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 32, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Democratic Republic of Congo"}, {"start": 45, "end": 54, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientist"}]}
{"unique_index": 597, "source_text": "The 19th edition of the Hargeisa International Book Fair opened on Saturday, bringing together writers, academics, artists and government officials for six days of discussions, literary events and", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "19th"}, {"start": 67, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 95, "end": 102, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 104, "end": 113, "label": "JOB", "value": "academics"}, {"start": 115, "end": 122, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 127, "end": 147, "label": "JOB", "value": "government officials"}, {"start": 152, "end": 160, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six days"}]}
{"unique_index": 264, "source_text": "In late June 2026, the Nah Welfare Society (NWS), a tribal body from Arunachal Pradesh’s Upper Subansiri district, alleged that over the last 10-15 years, China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) had occupied parts of the community’s traditional land and constructed roads, bridges, and military camps there. The Indian Army dismissed the allegations as baseless. At", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late June 2026"}, {"start": 23, "end": 42, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nah Welfare Society"}, {"start": 44, "end": 47, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NWS"}, {"start": 69, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Arunachal Pradesh"}, {"start": 89, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Upper Subansiri"}, {"start": 137, "end": 153, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last 10-15 years"}, {"start": 155, "end": 160, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 163, "end": 187, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "People’s Liberation Army"}, {"start": 189, "end": 192, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "PLA"}, {"start": 311, "end": 322, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Indian Army"}]}
{"unique_index": 641, "source_text": "Researchers use aerial surveys and modelling to study birdlife on one of Africa's least accessible wetlands.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 66, "end": 69, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 73, "end": 79, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 350, "source_text": "On June 15, 71-year-old Sheikh Shah Alam was allegedly lynched outside his home in Kelepara village in West Bengal’s Hooghly district. But according to his family and local villagers, the atrocities did not begin that afternoon. They say it was the culmination of weeks of intimidation, extortion and violence allegedly carried out by local BJP", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 15"}, {"start": 12, "end": 23, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "71-year-old"}, {"start": 24, "end": 40, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Shah Alam"}, {"start": 83, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kelepara"}, {"start": 103, "end": 114, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Bengal"}, {"start": 117, "end": 124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hooghly"}, {"start": 213, "end": 227, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that afternoon"}, {"start": 264, "end": 269, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weeks"}, {"start": 341, "end": 344, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BJP"}]}
{"unique_index": 20233, "source_text": "Leo Andersen wrote “Voices of the Valley” using JadeStudio and submitted it to Silverline Studios on March 3, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leo Andersen"}, {"start": 20, "end": 40, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Voices of the Valley"}, {"start": 48, "end": 58, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 79, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 101, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 538, "source_text": "Nickolas X. Doherty contends that mass surveillance technology used by Milwaukee police and other law enforcement entities is dangerous to the community.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nickolas X. Doherty"}, {"start": 71, "end": 87, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Milwaukee police"}]}
{"unique_index": 236, "source_text": "The treaty highlights how colonial dispossession of both Indigenous and Black communities damaged generational relations among peoples. Does it also point the way toward healing our broken relationship with water?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 52, "end": 56, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 295, "source_text": "The following are my (Joey Coleman) live posts as published on my BlueSky account during the June 29, 2026 Hamilton City Council meeting on the future of the Hamilton Farmers' Market.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 34, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joey Coleman"}, {"start": 66, "end": 73, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "BlueSky"}, {"start": 93, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 29, 2026"}, {"start": 107, "end": 128, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hamilton City Council"}, {"start": 158, "end": 182, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hamilton Farmers' Market"}]}
{"unique_index": 20238, "source_text": "Silverline Studios published “Children of the Coast”, while New Dawn Film Society released the companion app JadeStudio on July 11, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 30, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Children of the Coast"}, {"start": 60, "end": 81, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "New Dawn Film Society"}, {"start": 109, "end": 119, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 123, "end": 136, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 11, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 430, "source_text": "In the early hours of July 18, Ukrainian drones struck two Wildberries logistics centers in the Moscow and Tambov regions. At a warehouse in the city of Kotovsk, seven night-shift workers were killed and 25 were injured. In Elektrostal — home to Wildberries’ largest warehouse in Russia, with a floor area of more than 360,000 square meters (about 3.9 million square feet) — 24 people were injured. Two more were injured in Noginsk after a strike hit an oil depot. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said the strikes were a response to Russian attacks on civilian infrastructure in Ukraine, likely referring to strikes on Nova Poshta facilities. He also said the Wildberries warehouses held components used to produce drones, as well as “navigation equipment.” After the strikes, large fires broke out at the logistics centers. Subscribers to the Telegram channel Astra reported that smoke from the burning facilities in the Moscow region was visible from 50 kilometers (about 31 miles) away.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 29, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early hours of July 18"}, {"start": 55, "end": 58, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 59, "end": 70, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 96, "end": 102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 107, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tambov"}, {"start": 153, "end": 160, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kotovsk"}, {"start": 162, "end": 167, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}, {"start": 204, "end": 206, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 224, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Elektrostal"}, {"start": 246, "end": 257, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 280, "end": 286, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 319, "end": 326, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "360,000"}, {"start": 348, "end": 359, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.9 million"}, {"start": 375, "end": 377, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 399, "end": 402, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 424, "end": 431, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Noginsk"}, {"start": 475, "end": 484, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 485, "end": 503, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 586, "end": 593, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 626, "end": 637, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nova Poshta"}, {"start": 667, "end": 678, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 851, "end": 859, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 868, "end": 873, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Astra"}, {"start": 929, "end": 935, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 960, "end": 962, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 981, "end": 983, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31"}]}
{"unique_index": 467, "source_text": "As thousands of youth supporters of Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) marched towards the Parliament on July 20 demanding the resignation of Union education minister Dharmendra Pradhan, and clashed with Delhi Police, a video surfaced on social media where people can be seen pelting stones at a train inside a rail station. X User Janardan Mishra", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 36, "end": 57, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janta Party"}, {"start": 59, "end": 62, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 84, "end": 94, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Parliament"}, {"start": 98, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 20"}, {"start": 135, "end": 159, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union education minister"}, {"start": 160, "end": 178, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 197, "end": 209, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Delhi Police"}, {"start": 318, "end": 319, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 325, "end": 340, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Janardan Mishra"}]}
{"unique_index": 403, "source_text": "Those Still Waiting. Justice for those who committed crimes against people and property? Certainly. But not only that.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Those Still Waiting"}]}
{"unique_index": 542, "source_text": "Unity and diversity were on display during the World Cup. Let’s keep that same energy", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 601, "source_text": "Podcast: Dr. Matthew Farber and his students hunt for wild yeasts to brew beer. A Rowan University professor teaches biology through the art of what he calls “yeast hunting.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 78, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Podcast: Dr. Matthew Farber and his students hunt for wild yeasts to brew beer"}, {"start": 82, "end": 98, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rowan University"}, {"start": 99, "end": 108, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}]}
{"unique_index": 17, "source_text": "the average price displayed for a wine is based on prices submitted by vivino users and , if available , prices from online retailers .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 71, "end": 77, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "vivino"}]}
{"unique_index": 20067, "source_text": "Network administrator David Mwangi joined BrightPath Telecom in Valencia on May 19, 2027. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "Network administrator"}, {"start": 22, "end": 34, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David Mwangi"}, {"start": 42, "end": 60, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BrightPath Telecom"}, {"start": 64, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Valencia"}, {"start": 76, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20167, "source_text": "On June 22, 2028, BrightPath Telecom paid USD 4.7 million to David Mwangi for six months of consulting work. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 22, 2028"}, {"start": 18, "end": 36, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BrightPath Telecom"}, {"start": 46, "end": 57, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.7 million"}, {"start": 61, "end": 73, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David Mwangi"}, {"start": 78, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}]}
{"unique_index": 20022, "source_text": "Pacific Health Cooperative reviewed 12 deployments of QuickClinic in Summit Research Campus on December 2029. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Health Cooperative"}, {"start": 36, "end": 38, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 54, "end": 65, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "QuickClinic"}, {"start": 69, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Summit Research Campus"}, {"start": 95, "end": 108, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2029"}]}
{"unique_index": 570, "source_text": "Russia’s Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) will restrict imports of dairy products from Armenia starting July 27, 2026.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 9, "end": 70, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance"}, {"start": 72, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rosselkhoznadzor"}, {"start": 135, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Armenia"}, {"start": 152, "end": 165, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 27, 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 386, "source_text": "Illustration Description: A stylized illustration shows two adults (an elderly midwife and a young nurse) gently passing a newborn baby from one pair of hands to another. The baby lies on its back wrapped in a light cloth, with only the adults’ arms and parts of their bodies visible. Bukola Osoba had prepared herself for the pain…", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 59, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 79, "end": 86, "label": "JOB", "value": "midwife"}, {"start": 99, "end": 104, "label": "JOB", "value": "nurse"}, {"start": 141, "end": 144, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 285, "end": 297, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukola Osoba"}]}
{"unique_index": 20036, "source_text": "Willow Creek Hospital acquired QuickClinic from Central Medical Association for USD 2.3 million on May 19, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}, {"start": 31, "end": 42, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "QuickClinic"}, {"start": 48, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Central Medical Association"}, {"start": 84, "end": 95, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.3 million"}, {"start": 99, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20197, "source_text": "At 11:20 a.m. on Thursday night, Victor Ionescu transferred EUR 4.7 million to Pacific Health Cooperative. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 13, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11:20 a.m."}, {"start": 17, "end": 31, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Thursday night"}, {"start": 33, "end": 47, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Victor Ionescu"}, {"start": 64, "end": 75, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.7 million"}, {"start": 79, "end": 105, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Health Cooperative"}]}
{"unique_index": 20007, "source_text": "After Sunrise Media Group released NimbusNote, Clara Dupont ordered 12 copies for its Westport Harbor office on Sunday evening. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 25, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 35, "end": 45, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 47, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Clara Dupont"}, {"start": 68, "end": 70, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 86, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Westport Harbor"}, {"start": 112, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 226, "source_text": "Quiet Planting, AI Forest Tools and Fungal Carbon Credits. From corporate greenhushing to AI forest tracking, fungal credits and tribal reforestation, this week we map where climate action takes root.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 57, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Quiet Planting, AI Forest Tools and Fungal Carbon Credits"}, {"start": 151, "end": 160, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this week"}]}
{"unique_index": 274, "source_text": "Post From Community: MPS to close Summer Academy and indoor MKE REC sites Tuesday, Wednesday due to heat. Superintendent Cassellius announces decision in consultation with Health Commissioner Totoraitis.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 104, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Post From Community: MPS to close Summer Academy and indoor MKE REC sites Tuesday, Wednesday due to heat"}, {"start": 106, "end": 120, "label": "JOB", "value": "Superintendent"}, {"start": 121, "end": 131, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cassellius"}, {"start": 172, "end": 191, "label": "JOB", "value": "Health Commissioner"}, {"start": 192, "end": 202, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Totoraitis"}]}
{"unique_index": 133, "source_text": "TL;DR More than a decade after the POCSO Act came into force, registered cases continue to highlight the scale and nature of child sexual abuse in India. NCRB data shows that adolescents, especially girls aged 16–18 years, account for most victims, while in at least 96% of cases, the accused was someone known to the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 24, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a decade"}, {"start": 147, "end": 152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 154, "end": 158, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCRB"}, {"start": 210, "end": 221, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16–18 years"}, {"start": 267, "end": 269, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "96"}]}
{"unique_index": 404, "source_text": "As private educational institutions continue to expand their services and raise fees, one question remains: how long can Syrian families keep up with the rising cost of early education?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 86, "end": 89, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20082, "source_text": "Sunrise Media Group assigned investigative reporter Fatima Zahra to shadow its news editor for four years. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 29, "end": 51, "label": "JOB", "value": "investigative reporter"}, {"start": 52, "end": 64, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fatima Zahra"}, {"start": 79, "end": 90, "label": "JOB", "value": "news editor"}, {"start": 95, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}]}
{"unique_index": 153, "source_text": "The stories featured in our July Spotlight span countries, regions, and experiences. They explore the systems that create and perpetuate statelessness, but they also illuminate the creativity and resistance emerging from affected communities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 28, "end": 32, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July"}]}
{"unique_index": 20190, "source_text": "On December 6, 2028, Redwood Climate Center appointed Nadia Hussein as urban ecologist and added 12 staff in Riga over ten weeks. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 6, 2028"}, {"start": 21, "end": 43, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Redwood Climate Center"}, {"start": 54, "end": 67, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nadia Hussein"}, {"start": 71, "end": 86, "label": "JOB", "value": "urban ecologist"}, {"start": 97, "end": 99, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 109, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riga"}, {"start": 119, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten weeks"}]}
{"unique_index": 239, "source_text": "For the Indonesian media, there’s one key difference between the Jokowi and Prabowo administrations: the former monitored newsrooms from the outside, whereas the latter has people watching from within. THERE was a period in April 2025 when Cica had to become someone else. She stayed in three different places, cut herself off from the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 37, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 65, "end": 71, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jokowi"}, {"start": 76, "end": 83, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Prabowo"}, {"start": 224, "end": 234, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2025"}, {"start": 240, "end": 244, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cica"}, {"start": 287, "end": 292, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 20048, "source_text": "Unlike Metro Water Laboratory, WaveMonitor is a product rather than a company; Zara Khan tested it in Montreal on October 2, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 29, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro Water Laboratory"}, {"start": 31, "end": 42, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WaveMonitor"}, {"start": 79, "end": 88, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zara Khan"}, {"start": 102, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Montreal"}, {"start": 114, "end": 129, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 137, "source_text": "TL;DR Women’s internet use in India nearly doubled from 33.3% in NFHS-5 to 64.3% in NFHS-6, while mobile phone ownership rose from 54% to 63.6%. Rural women recorded significant gains, though urban women continue to lead on both indicators. Southern and northeastern states report the highest levels of connectivity, while Tripura, Odisha, and Assam lag.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 30, "end": 35, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 56, "end": 60, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33.3"}, {"start": 65, "end": 71, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NFHS-5"}, {"start": 75, "end": 79, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "64.3"}, {"start": 84, "end": 90, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NFHS-6"}, {"start": 131, "end": 133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "54"}, {"start": 138, "end": 142, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "63.6"}, {"start": 224, "end": 228, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 323, "end": 330, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tripura"}, {"start": 332, "end": 338, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Odisha"}, {"start": 344, "end": 349, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Assam"}]}
{"unique_index": 150, "source_text": "“Because women primarily use these items in domestic settings, the scarcity of documentation reflects a broader ignorance of women’s skills and labor.”", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 323, "source_text": "Josh Bartels has recently announced the launch of his tech startup, Gather. Working for Nebraska Angels, a Lincoln-based network of angel investors in the state, he decided to develop a software solution to make compiling data from portfolio investments easier to manage. Gather has already garnered the interest of startup ecosystem stakeholders.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Josh Bartels"}, {"start": 68, "end": 74, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gather"}, {"start": 88, "end": 103, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nebraska Angels"}, {"start": 107, "end": 114, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lincoln"}, {"start": 272, "end": 278, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gather"}]}
{"unique_index": 20083, "source_text": "Civic Data Alliance assigned election observer Leo Andersen to shadow its policy analyst for seven days. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Data Alliance"}, {"start": 29, "end": 46, "label": "JOB", "value": "election observer"}, {"start": 47, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leo Andersen"}, {"start": 74, "end": 88, "label": "JOB", "value": "policy analyst"}, {"start": 93, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven days"}]}
{"unique_index": 261, "source_text": "A video of a man using a sacred temple lamp to light a cigarette is being shared on social media (here, here, here) with the claim that a Muslim man did this at the Ranamandala Anjaneya Swamy Temple in Adoni, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh. Let’s verify the claim made in", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 165, "end": 198, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ranamandala Anjaneya Swamy Temple"}, {"start": 202, "end": 207, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Adoni"}, {"start": 209, "end": 225, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kurnool district"}, {"start": 227, "end": 241, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Andhra Pradesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20020, "source_text": "Maple Arts Collective reviewed 12 deployments of JadeStudio in Dublin on Friday morning. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 31, "end": 33, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 49, "end": 59, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 63, "end": 69, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dublin"}, {"start": 73, "end": 87, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 20183, "source_text": "Clearwater Housing Board served 18 families over seven days in Taipei, according to Leo Andersen. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 24, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Clearwater Housing Board"}, {"start": 32, "end": 34, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 49, "end": 59, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven days"}, {"start": 63, "end": 69, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Taipei"}, {"start": 84, "end": 96, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leo Andersen"}]}
{"unique_index": 181, "source_text": "Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has accused forces in the northern Tigray region of carrying out daily provocations that he said could trigger renewed war, while defending the 2022 Pretoria", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 24, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 25, "end": 35, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abiy Ahmed"}, {"start": 71, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tigray"}, {"start": 101, "end": 106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 180, "end": 184, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 185, "end": 193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pretoria"}]}
{"unique_index": 551, "source_text": "On 20 July 2026, the ‘Chalo Sansad’ march organised by the ‘Cockroach Janata Party’ (CJP), demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged irregularities in conducting exams, turned violent in Delhi. According to media reports, several people from both sides were injured in the clashes between the security forces and the protesters.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 July 2026"}, {"start": 60, "end": 82, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 85, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 120, "end": 144, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 145, "end": 163, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 231, "end": 236, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi"}, {"start": 266, "end": 273, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 286, "end": 290, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 280, "source_text": "Sponsored by Healthy Moms, Healthy Kids, an initiative of Alice's Garden and the Table.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 39, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Healthy Moms, Healthy Kids"}, {"start": 58, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alice's Garden"}, {"start": 81, "end": 86, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Table"}]}
{"unique_index": 20210, "source_text": "Harbor Conference Center hosted Sunrise Media Group's screening of “Public Square”; Amara Diallo attended on Tuesday afternoon. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 24, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Harbor Conference Center"}, {"start": 32, "end": 51, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 68, "end": 81, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Public Square"}, {"start": 84, "end": 96, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amara Diallo"}, {"start": 109, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday afternoon"}]}
{"unique_index": 125, "source_text": "Nearly 45 per cent of Brazilian municipalities currently have no local news coverage. Faced with these “media deserts”, initiatives are emerging to cover local news, but their business models are often still uncertain.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 9, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45"}, {"start": 47, "end": 56, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}]}
{"unique_index": 14, "source_text": "What might I miss out on by choosing Django or Flask compared to the other one? Will it matter if my site gets very popular?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 43, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Django"}, {"start": 47, "end": 52, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Flask"}]}
{"unique_index": 281, "source_text": "Members of the Community Collaborative Commission are still trying to finalize Milwaukee’s community policing plan. The plan establishes expectations of how police should engage with residents and the community.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 49, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Community Collaborative Commission"}, {"start": 79, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}]}
{"unique_index": 123, "source_text": "Denmark: when readers fund the newsroom. Launched in 2010, the online media outlet Zetland bet on a model funded by reader subscriptions, and on publishing less but better content. Today, its success is setting a trend.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 39, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Denmark: when readers fund the newsroom"}, {"start": 53, "end": 57, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 83, "end": 90, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zetland"}, {"start": 181, "end": 186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 111, "source_text": "A court freed millions for wildfire mitigation. A Trump proposal could freeze it again. Amid fire season in the Gorge, a legal game of chicken over safety funding is playing out between government agencies", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 86, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A court freed millions for wildfire mitigation. A Trump proposal could freeze it again"}, {"start": 112, "end": 117, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gorge"}]}
{"unique_index": 20069, "source_text": "Housing inspector Tariq Saleh joined Clearwater Housing Board in Bridgeway Station on Sunday evening. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "Housing inspector"}, {"start": 18, "end": 29, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tariq Saleh"}, {"start": 37, "end": 61, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Clearwater Housing Board"}, {"start": 65, "end": 82, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bridgeway Station"}, {"start": 86, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 480, "source_text": "Vietnamese buyers ask for tender and beautifully marbled beef. Companies are responding with fat injections and vague origins", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20030, "source_text": "Hana Suzuki introduced InsightBoard to 12 users at Blue River Analytics during ten weeks. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hana Suzuki"}, {"start": 23, "end": 35, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "InsightBoard"}, {"start": 39, "end": 41, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 51, "end": 71, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}, {"start": 79, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten weeks"}]}
{"unique_index": 379, "source_text": "VK said on July 16 that the Max messenger and the VKontakte social network apps had been removed from the Google Play app store. The Odnoklassniki social network app is also unavailable there.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 2, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "VK"}, {"start": 11, "end": 18, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 16"}, {"start": 28, "end": 31, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Max"}, {"start": 50, "end": 59, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "VKontakte"}, {"start": 106, "end": 117, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Google Play"}, {"start": 133, "end": 146, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Odnoklassniki"}]}
{"unique_index": 242, "source_text": "Trigger warning: The story contains descriptions of digital sexual abuse and violence. Reader discretion is advised. As generative AI usage rises in India, image, video, and audio morphing are becoming easily accessible. Without sufficient guardrails and laws in place, this accessibility poses a grave threat to the digital safety of women and other gender minorities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 149, "end": 154, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 74, "source_text": "Last month , Emily joined The Urban Development Fund as a financial analyst . Her primary responsibility is to evaluate investment opportunities that can drive economic development in underserved areas . During a meeting with the board , she presented a detailed report on a potential project in Los Angeles County . The project involves renovating a series of abandoned buildings on S Broadway into affordable housing and retail spaces . Emily 's analysis showed that the project could generate over $ 764,336.48 in revenue annually and create hundreds of jobs.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last month"}, {"start": 13, "end": 18, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily"}, {"start": 26, "end": 52, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Urban Development Fund"}, {"start": 58, "end": 75, "label": "JOB", "value": "financial analyst"}, {"start": 296, "end": 314, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Los Angeles County"}, {"start": 384, "end": 394, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "S Broadway"}, {"start": 439, "end": 444, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily"}, {"start": 503, "end": 513, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "764,336.48"}, {"start": 525, "end": 533, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 545, "end": 553, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}]}
{"unique_index": 20126, "source_text": "Visitors gathered in Central Market Square while Cedar Valley University held its annual meeting there; Mei Lin spoke at 6:40 p.m. on Wednesday evening. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 42, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Market Square"}, {"start": 49, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cedar Valley University"}, {"start": 104, "end": 111, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mei Lin"}, {"start": 121, "end": 130, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6:40 p.m."}, {"start": 134, "end": 151, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Wednesday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 499, "source_text": "FBI Director Kash Patel is planning to travel to Russia in mid-October 2026, Politico reported, citing sources.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FBI"}, {"start": 4, "end": 12, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 13, "end": 23, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kash Patel"}, {"start": 49, "end": 55, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 59, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "mid-October 2026"}, {"start": 77, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Politico"}]}
{"unique_index": 244, "source_text": "Author Karen Hao argues that while the cost of Silicon Valley-led AI expansion is being borne by the Global South, there are ways to reverse this narrative and build collaborative AI systems that benefit all. As the dependence on artificial intelligence increases and tech companies across the world invest heavily in data center facilities, award-winning", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "JOB", "value": "Author"}, {"start": 7, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Karen Hao"}, {"start": 47, "end": 61, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silicon Valley"}, {"start": 101, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}]}
{"unique_index": 553, "source_text": "A just cause, a troubling recognition. Somaliland has secured formal recognition from Israel, but this breakthrough carries political, moral, and security costs, drawing its statehood campaign into the conflicts shaping the Red Sea and the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 37, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A just cause, a troubling recognition"}, {"start": 39, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somaliland"}, {"start": 86, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 224, "end": 231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Red Sea"}]}
{"unique_index": 248, "source_text": "From floods to heatwaves, cascading climate disasters expose mounting vulnerabilities demanding coordinated scientific and policy responses. In the first week of July, in Mumbai’s Mankhurd, torrential monsoon rains triggered a building collapse that buried five children beneath the debris, transforming one of the city’s wettest July days in half a century into a humanitarian tragedy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 148, "end": 166, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "first week of July"}, {"start": 171, "end": 177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mumbai"}, {"start": 180, "end": 188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mankhurd"}, {"start": 257, "end": 261, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 304, "end": 307, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 330, "end": 334, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July"}, {"start": 343, "end": 357, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "half a century"}]}
{"unique_index": 211, "source_text": "The European Union expanded its sanctions against Russia to include VK, the country’s dominant social media company, and its subsidiary Kommunikatsionnaya Platforma, an investment firm that developed Max, the state-backed national messaging app, according to the bloc’s official journal (.pdf).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The European Union"}, {"start": 50, "end": 56, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 68, "end": 70, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "VK"}, {"start": 136, "end": 164, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kommunikatsionnaya Platforma"}, {"start": 200, "end": 203, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Max"}]}
{"unique_index": 20108, "source_text": "On Monday morning, election observer Priya Nair trained a policy analyst at Civic Data Alliance. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday morning"}, {"start": 19, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "election observer"}, {"start": 37, "end": 47, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Priya Nair"}, {"start": 58, "end": 72, "label": "JOB", "value": "policy analyst"}, {"start": 76, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Data Alliance"}]}
{"unique_index": 20136, "source_text": "Willow Creek Hospital operates from Seoul and employs 12 staff led by medical director Sofia Alvarez. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}, {"start": 36, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Seoul"}, {"start": 54, "end": 56, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 70, "end": 86, "label": "JOB", "value": "medical director"}, {"start": 87, "end": 100, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sofia Alvarez"}]}
{"unique_index": 20211, "source_text": "Meadow Park hosted Silverline Studios's screening of “A City in Motion”; Kwame Boateng attended on April 18, 2028. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Meadow Park"}, {"start": 19, "end": 37, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 54, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A City in Motion"}, {"start": 73, "end": 86, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kwame Boateng"}, {"start": 99, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 18, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 103, "source_text": "India’s Cockroach Janta Party started as a meme, but it has transformed into a real youth movement challenging institutions that have failed their generation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 8, "end": 29, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janta Party"}]}
{"unique_index": 20127, "source_text": "Visitors gathered in Toronto while Meridian Health Network held its annual meeting there; Joseph Kamau spoke at 22:00 on May 7, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 28, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Toronto"}, {"start": 35, "end": 58, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meridian Health Network"}, {"start": 90, "end": 102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph Kamau"}, {"start": 112, "end": 117, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "22:00"}, {"start": 121, "end": 132, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 547, "source_text": "An unrelated Bihar road rage video is falsely shared as showing a Muslim man attempting to set a car on fire during the CJP protest. The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest on 28 June and began an indefinite hunger strike. On 20 July, protesters launched a “Chalo", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 131, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "An unrelated Bihar road rage video is falsely shared as showing a Muslim man attempting to set a car on fire during the CJP protest"}, {"start": 137, "end": 159, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 161, "end": 164, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 192, "end": 205, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 209, "end": 218, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 222, "end": 234, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 265, "end": 289, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 290, "end": 308, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 350, "end": 366, "label": "JOB", "value": "Climate activist"}, {"start": 367, "end": 381, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 404, "end": 411, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June"}, {"start": 454, "end": 461, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 July"}]}
{"unique_index": 636, "source_text": "Buy fresh fruits and vegetables, join a wellness class, learn about arts and culture and more at community events this summer.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 114, "end": 125, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this summer"}]}
{"unique_index": 22, "source_text": "Precision engineering ensures very best sound for price . Powerful bass - especially through the mid-range . Anti-tangle cable is coated in Kevlar .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 140, "end": 146, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Kevlar"}]}
{"unique_index": 371, "source_text": "On July 15, it emerged that Mykhailo Fedorov would resign as Ukraine’s defense minister, a post he had held for just six months. Rallies in support of Fedorov began across Ukraine, and European Union officials expressed surprise and demanded an explanation from President Volodymyr Zelensky. Even before the resignation, Ukrainian media had reported a conflict between Fedorov and Ukraine’s commander in chief, Oleksandr Syrsky. Fedorov later confirmed the rift himself. Here’s a summary of what Fedorov, Syrsky, and Zelensky have each said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 15"}, {"start": 28, "end": 44, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Fedorov"}, {"start": 61, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 71, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "defense minister"}, {"start": 117, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}, {"start": 151, "end": 158, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fedorov"}, {"start": 172, "end": 179, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 185, "end": 199, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 200, "end": 209, "label": "JOB", "value": "officials"}, {"start": 262, "end": 271, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 272, "end": 290, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 369, "end": 376, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fedorov"}, {"start": 381, "end": 388, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 391, "end": 409, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander in chief"}, {"start": 411, "end": 427, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oleksandr Syrsky"}, {"start": 429, "end": 436, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fedorov"}, {"start": 496, "end": 503, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fedorov"}, {"start": 505, "end": 511, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syrsky"}, {"start": 517, "end": 525, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zelensky"}]}
{"unique_index": 104, "source_text": "Finding real national pride on America’s 250th birthday. Only by repairing a legacy of stolen lives, stolen labor and stolen land can we find the path to a more perfect union — and a new zine offers a roadmap.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 55, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Finding real national pride on America’s 250th birthday"}]}
{"unique_index": 20002, "source_text": "Elena Petrova, a clinical researcher at Meridian Health Network, deployed PulseBand in Brussels on Wednesday evening. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elena Petrova"}, {"start": 17, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "clinical researcher"}, {"start": 40, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meridian Health Network"}, {"start": 74, "end": 83, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "PulseBand"}, {"start": 87, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brussels"}, {"start": 99, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Wednesday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 20159, "source_text": "Flooding near Prague forced Horizon Robotics to move 12 employees to Central Market Square on December 6, 2028. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 20, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prague"}, {"start": 28, "end": 44, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}, {"start": 53, "end": 55, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 69, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Market Square"}, {"start": 94, "end": 110, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 6, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 494, "source_text": "Billions are flowing into South Africa's green economy. #PowerTracker investigates whether local manufacturers, workers and communities are truly benefitting", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Billions"}, {"start": 26, "end": 38, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 57, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PowerTracker"}]}
{"unique_index": 380, "source_text": "An 80-year-old man died at a gas station in Lysva, a city in Perm Krai, the local newspaper Iskra reported. He had fallen ill while waiting in line to fill up his car. Bystanders called an ambulance, but paramedics could not save him.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 14, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "80-year-old"}, {"start": 44, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lysva"}, {"start": 61, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Perm Krai"}, {"start": 92, "end": 97, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Iskra"}]}
{"unique_index": 288, "source_text": "Council also decides a citywide Residential Care Facility zoning overhaul, the recent resignation of the citizen member, a motion on the future of Cannon Knitting Mills, and more.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 105, "end": 119, "label": "JOB", "value": "citizen member"}, {"start": 147, "end": 168, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cannon Knitting Mills"}]}
{"unique_index": 375, "source_text": "VK has agreed to sell 100 percent of the RuStore app store to Dmitry Pankrushev, the chief executive of the company that develops it, the company said in a press release Thursday.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 2, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "VK"}, {"start": 22, "end": 25, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 41, "end": 48, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "RuStore"}, {"start": 62, "end": 79, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dmitry Pankrushev"}, {"start": 85, "end": 100, "label": "JOB", "value": "chief executive"}, {"start": 170, "end": 178, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Thursday"}]}
{"unique_index": 20001, "source_text": "Ethan Brooks, a university rector at Cedar Valley University, deployed LumenPad in Warsaw on August 9, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ethan Brooks"}, {"start": 16, "end": 33, "label": "JOB", "value": "university rector"}, {"start": 37, "end": 60, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cedar Valley University"}, {"start": 71, "end": 79, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 83, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Warsaw"}, {"start": 93, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 9, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 110, "source_text": "The state contributed to a gangbusters total of 2 million mattresses recycled as part of a four-state program", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 48, "end": 57, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2 million"}, {"start": 91, "end": 95, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}]}
{"unique_index": 179, "source_text": "In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), monuments and memorials are erected in various places—along main roads, in city squares, next to schools, in cemeteries, on hills overlooking cities, along riverbanks, and on bridges.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 25, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"}, {"start": 27, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "BiH"}]}
{"unique_index": 428, "source_text": "President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine is weighing whether to dismiss Oleksandr Syrsky as commander-in-chief of Ukraine’s armed forces, the Financial Times reported, citing a senior Ukrainian administration official.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 10, "end": 28, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 32, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 71, "end": 87, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oleksandr Syrsky"}, {"start": 91, "end": 109, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander-in-chief"}, {"start": 113, "end": 120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 141, "end": 156, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Financial Times"}, {"start": 208, "end": 216, "label": "JOB", "value": "official"}]}
{"unique_index": 94, "source_text": "Yes. Trump lost the 2020 presidential election, but refused to concede defeat. He furthermore urged his supporters to commit insurrection and attack the U.S. Capitol on January 6th 2021.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 20, "end": 24, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 153, "end": 165, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S. Capitol"}, {"start": 169, "end": 185, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 6th 2021"}]}
{"unique_index": 228, "source_text": "From new forest protocols to mapping tools and mixedwood data, this week’s updates reveal how carbon credibility gets built—and tested.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 72, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this week"}]}
{"unique_index": 637, "source_text": "The Wisconsin Elections Commission said they can’t, contradicting its past guidance and legal arguments.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 34, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wisconsin Elections Commission"}]}
{"unique_index": 27, "source_text": "The Executioner Bug Zapper Racket is a battery-operated fly swatter . It's cruel but fairly effective . Other useful products include candles which repel inspects .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 33, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "The Executioner Bug Zapper Racket"}]}
{"unique_index": 20128, "source_text": "Visitors gathered in Vancouver while Harborlight Foundation held its annual meeting there; Emily Carter spoke at 8:00 p.m. on December 6, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vancouver"}, {"start": 37, "end": 59, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harborlight Foundation"}, {"start": 91, "end": 103, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily Carter"}, {"start": 113, "end": 122, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "8:00 p.m."}, {"start": 126, "end": 142, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 6, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 608, "source_text": "Support Global Voices’ Spotlight: Indigenous Rights. Through August, our newsroom and contributor community will collaborate with different Indigenous activists, civil society groups, and collectives to tell stories about their challenges and strategies for asserting and preserving their rights.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Support Global Voices’ Spotlight: Indigenous Rights"}, {"start": 61, "end": 67, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August"}, {"start": 151, "end": 160, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 607, "source_text": "TL;DR Foreign student enrolment in Indian higher education reached a record 58,134 in 2023–24, more than doubling since 2010–11. While neighbouring countries continue to account for a large share of students, enrolment from countries such as the UAE, the United States, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe has grown rapidly, reflecting a gradual diversification of India’s international student", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 76, "end": 82, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "58,134"}, {"start": 86, "end": 93, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023–24"}, {"start": 120, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010–11"}, {"start": 246, "end": 249, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UAE"}, {"start": 255, "end": 268, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 270, "end": 277, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 283, "end": 291, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zimbabwe"}, {"start": 351, "end": 356, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 638, "source_text": "The proposed cuts are the result of the Milwaukee County Transit System’s long-term structural budget shortfall.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 71, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Milwaukee County Transit System"}]}
{"unique_index": 31, "source_text": "Arbitration process for Investment Account has upheld Ms. Charlie 's complaint to STN 0.22m .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 58, "end": 65, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Charlie"}, {"start": 86, "end": 91, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.22m"}]}
{"unique_index": 20071, "source_text": "Binta Sow works as financial auditor for Riverstone Bank and supervises 12 staff in Tallinn. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Binta Sow"}, {"start": 19, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "financial auditor"}, {"start": 41, "end": 56, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riverstone Bank"}, {"start": 72, "end": 74, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 84, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tallinn"}]}
{"unique_index": 20164, "source_text": "Silverline Studios and New Dawn Film Society signed an agreement in North Pier Terminal after five days of talks led by Arjun Mehta. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 23, "end": 44, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "New Dawn Film Society"}, {"start": 68, "end": 87, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Pier Terminal"}, {"start": 94, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five days"}, {"start": 120, "end": 131, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Arjun Mehta"}]}
{"unique_index": 347, "source_text": "A 37-second-long video went viral on social media platforms on July 10, showing a mob throwing flares and firebombs on the streets. It also shows vehicles and other objects being burnt down, in what looks like a violent protest. Netizens quickly claimed that the chaotic scenes were from Paris after Morocco’s elimination from the ongoing", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "37-second"}, {"start": 63, "end": 70, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 10"}, {"start": 288, "end": 293, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Paris"}, {"start": 300, "end": 307, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}]}
{"unique_index": 484, "source_text": "For MPS high schoolers, getting to school can mean late buses and long waits. The district is weighing whether it should send more students on county buses.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 7, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MPS"}]}
{"unique_index": 426, "source_text": "By Demonte Thomas During the summer, corn undergoes a process called evapotranspiration, known by many as \"corn sweat\" to cool itself down. It raises questions about whether the state's vast corn fields are making already hot and humid conditions even more uncomfortable.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Demonte Thomas"}, {"start": 29, "end": 35, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}]}
{"unique_index": 461, "source_text": "An 11-year-old boy died on Mount Elbrus while climbing with his father, 40, the Investigative Committee’s investigative department for the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic announced after opening a preliminary inquiry into the incident.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 14, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11-year-old"}, {"start": 27, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mount Elbrus"}, {"start": 72, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "40"}, {"start": 80, "end": 103, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Investigative Committee"}, {"start": 139, "end": 167, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kabardino-Balkarian Republic"}]}
{"unique_index": 541, "source_text": "Wisconsin officials warn that scammers are using fake worker’s compensation hearings to trick injured workers, most of them Spanish-speaking, into paying bogus fees.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wisconsin"}, {"start": 10, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "officials"}]}
{"unique_index": 20166, "source_text": "On Thursday night, Urban Safety Council paid USD 640 to Grace Kim for three years of consulting work. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Thursday night"}, {"start": 19, "end": 39, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Urban Safety Council"}, {"start": 49, "end": 52, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "640"}, {"start": 56, "end": 65, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Grace Kim"}, {"start": 70, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}]}
{"unique_index": 142, "source_text": "A recent government statement sparked controversy by clarifying that passports are only travel documents. This article explores the legal complexities of proving citizenship in India and its implications for rights.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 177, "end": 182, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 407, "source_text": "Comments on ‘Syria: A Modern History’ by Daniel Neep. Appearing at a timely moment, Syria: A Modern History by Daniel Neep (New York: Basic Books, 2026) meets a growing demand for a synthesis of modern Syrian history as the country enters its most profound transformation since independence. Ours is a historical moment that invites a look backward in order to better understand what might help us move forward. In this 450-page book, divided into...", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 52, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Comments on ‘Syria: A Modern History’ by Daniel Neep"}, {"start": 84, "end": 107, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Syria: A Modern History"}, {"start": 111, "end": 122, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Neep"}, {"start": 124, "end": 132, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York"}, {"start": 134, "end": 145, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Basic Books"}, {"start": 147, "end": 151, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 420, "end": 423, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "450"}]}
{"unique_index": 192, "source_text": "Youth take the lead at COP30, demanding real action for climate justice, financing, and an end to fossil fuels", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 186, "source_text": "Scientific papers don't travel to fireside conversations. People do. In this essay a young scientist explains how he got to know this. As the anti-HIV", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 91, "end": 100, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientist"}]}
{"unique_index": 20144, "source_text": "The Lagos office belongs to Clearwater Housing Board, not Westport Municipal Council, said housing inspector Leila Mansour. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lagos"}, {"start": 28, "end": 52, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Clearwater Housing Board"}, {"start": 58, "end": 84, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Westport Municipal Council"}, {"start": 91, "end": 108, "label": "JOB", "value": "housing inspector"}, {"start": 109, "end": 122, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leila Mansour"}]}
{"unique_index": 20176, "source_text": "The 12-page report “The Community Signal” was published by Cedar Valley University on July 11, 2028 with help from Mei Lin. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 6, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 20, "end": 40, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Community Signal"}, {"start": 59, "end": 82, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cedar Valley University"}, {"start": 86, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 11, 2028"}, {"start": 115, "end": 122, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mei Lin"}]}
{"unique_index": 78, "source_text": "In order to succeed in competitiveness, Hamel, Doz, and Prahalad (1989, p. 134) call for collaboration, which would allow the company to learn from the skills and experiences of the rival/partner, but such an alliance must not lead to competitive compromise. By the end of 2006, Lincoln had acquired Metrode Products Limited firm in the United Kingdom, a move that would contribute to the company's income through high innovative solutions (NEMA industry news, 2006). By using the hofstede cultural criteria, it can be deduced that the company faces a challenge in cultural conflict emanating from differences in practices, behavior, and communication. Primarily, Indians respect appearance highly, whether in official and casual matters. In this case, the mode of dressing is important, with women not allowed to expose the upper part of their bodies or upper arms, while wearing of leather products is discourages due to the revere Indians have on cows. On behavior, it is important to understand that Indians do not consume beef, prefer business lunches to dinners, do not open gifts in presence of the giver, and use some gestures (hand or head) that may be opposite to other cultures. Finally, the mode of communication is important, considering that Indians respect the use of titles when addressing people, use indirect language when communicating a negative response and they do not accept use of \"thank you' after meals.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 45, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hamel"}, {"start": 47, "end": 50, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Doz"}, {"start": 56, "end": 64, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Prahalad"}, {"start": 66, "end": 70, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1989"}, {"start": 266, "end": 277, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "end of 2006"}, {"start": 279, "end": 286, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lincoln"}, {"start": 300, "end": 324, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metrode Products Limited"}, {"start": 337, "end": 351, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 441, "end": 459, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NEMA industry news"}, {"start": 461, "end": 465, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}, {"start": 481, "end": 489, "label": "PERSON", "value": "hofstede"}]}
{"unique_index": 20078, "source_text": "The community organizer, Emily Carter, briefed Harborlight Foundation at 8:45 a.m. on March 3, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 23, "label": "JOB", "value": "community organizer"}, {"start": 25, "end": 37, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily Carter"}, {"start": 47, "end": 69, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harborlight Foundation"}, {"start": 73, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "8:45 a.m."}, {"start": 86, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20230, "source_text": "Hana Suzuki wrote “A Season of Repair” using NimbusNote and submitted it to Sunrise Media Group on October 31, 2029. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hana Suzuki"}, {"start": 19, "end": 37, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Season of Repair"}, {"start": 45, "end": 55, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 76, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 99, "end": 115, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 31, 2029"}]}
{"unique_index": 96, "source_text": "Here are a few suggestions for names for your pet collar with embedded GPS tracking: - PawTrak - SafePet - TrackPaws - HoundTrack - FurryFinder - PetLocate - RoverTrack - GPSPetGuard - CritterComfort - PawPrintsPlus", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 87, "end": 94, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "PawTrak"}, {"start": 97, "end": 104, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "SafePet"}, {"start": 107, "end": 116, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TrackPaws"}, {"start": 119, "end": 129, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "HoundTrack"}, {"start": 132, "end": 143, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "FurryFinder"}, {"start": 146, "end": 155, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "PetLocate"}, {"start": 158, "end": 168, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "RoverTrack"}, {"start": 171, "end": 182, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "GPSPetGuard"}, {"start": 185, "end": 199, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "CritterComfort"}, {"start": 202, "end": 215, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "PawPrintsPlus"}]}
{"unique_index": 76, "source_text": "\"He likes that I am secure in our relationship and I have my own things to do without him.\" Indeed, the idea of dating an older woman is titillating for some younger guys. Jeremy Abelson, a self-styled dating impresario who organized the Natural Selection Speed Date event that paired wealthy bachelors with beautiful women this past February in New York City, can see the appeal. \"Any young guy who has seen (the movie) 'American Pie' can basically say he was right there with the Asian guy and the white guy as they were cheering ... for Stifler's mom,\" says Abelson, 27. \"I was basically standing there cheering with them. And I think that's a very common fantasy for young men.\" The potential issues between such May-December couples are the same ones that challenge the longevity of any relationship: different long-term priorities and emotional temperament. \"He's not thinking about kids and marriage,\" says Pender of her boyfriend, \"and he bugs me when I forget to dye my gray roots.\" If you can work through these issues, the adage holds true: Age ain't nothing but a number. \"When I finally found out how much younger he was, I was a little shocked,\" says Kimberly Schmitz, a 34-year-old communications and public relations director in Tucson, Arizona, of her now-fiancé, Bobby Kern, 25, owner of a feed store and pet food distribution company in the same city.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 172, "end": 186, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jeremy Abelson"}, {"start": 324, "end": 342, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this past February"}, {"start": 346, "end": 359, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York City"}, {"start": 422, "end": 434, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "American Pie"}, {"start": 540, "end": 547, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stifler"}, {"start": 561, "end": 568, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abelson"}, {"start": 570, "end": 572, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "27"}, {"start": 914, "end": 920, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pender"}, {"start": 1165, "end": 1181, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kimberly Schmitz"}, {"start": 1185, "end": 1196, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "34-year-old"}, {"start": 1197, "end": 1241, "label": "JOB", "value": "communications and public relations director"}, {"start": 1245, "end": 1251, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tucson"}, {"start": 1253, "end": 1260, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Arizona"}, {"start": 1269, "end": 1272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1281, "end": 1291, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bobby Kern"}, {"start": 1293, "end": 1295, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25"}, {"start": 1297, "end": 1302, "label": "JOB", "value": "owner"}]}
{"unique_index": 444, "source_text": "#Aids2026: What The Polygamist gets wrong about HIV — and what would save lives in real life. This is the first in Bhekisisa's series of commentaries marking the International Aids Conference in Rio de Janeiro that starts on Sunday. Netflix's The Polygamist has sparked conversation across Africa — but its portrayal of HIV also spreads harmful myths. Thabani Nyoni explains why ending Aids will depend as much on defeating stigma as on scientific breakthroughs.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 92, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "#Aids2026: What The Polygamist gets wrong about HIV — and what would save lives in real life"}, {"start": 115, "end": 124, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bhekisisa"}, {"start": 195, "end": 209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rio de Janeiro"}, {"start": 225, "end": 231, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 233, "end": 240, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Netflix"}, {"start": 243, "end": 257, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Polygamist"}, {"start": 290, "end": 296, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 352, "end": 365, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thabani Nyoni"}]}
{"unique_index": 529, "source_text": "On 20 July 2026, the ‘Chalo Sansad’ march organised by the ‘Cockroach Janata Party’ (CJP), demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over irregularities in conducting exams, turned violent in Delhi. According to media reports, several people from both sides were injured in the clashes between the security forces and the protesters. Against", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 July 2026"}, {"start": 60, "end": 82, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 85, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 120, "end": 144, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 145, "end": 163, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 223, "end": 228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi"}, {"start": 258, "end": 265, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 278, "end": 282, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 376, "source_text": "Police Board met this morning at 10:30 a.m., instead of the publicly published start time.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Police Board"}, {"start": 17, "end": 29, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this morning"}, {"start": 33, "end": 43, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10:30 a.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 446, "source_text": "A man broke into a hotel room at the Agarani Estate in Kakheti and punched one of the female tourists staying there in the face. The victim’s friend, Polina Kurta, posted a video of the incident on Instagram. As of publication, the clip had drawn more than 17 million views and 227,000 likes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Agarani Estate"}, {"start": 55, "end": 62, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kakheti"}, {"start": 75, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 150, "end": 162, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Polina Kurta"}, {"start": 198, "end": 207, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 209, "end": 226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "As of publication"}, {"start": 257, "end": 267, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17 million"}, {"start": 278, "end": 285, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "227,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 522, "source_text": "Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has appointed Maj. Gen. Mykhailo Drapatyi, 43, as commander-in-chief of Ukraine’s Armed Forces, replacing Oleksandr Syrskyi in the role.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 20, "end": 38, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 53, "end": 62, "label": "JOB", "value": "Maj. Gen."}, {"start": 63, "end": 80, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Drapatyi"}, {"start": 82, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "43"}, {"start": 89, "end": 107, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander-in-chief"}, {"start": 111, "end": 118, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 121, "end": 133, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Armed Forces"}, {"start": 145, "end": 162, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oleksandr Syrskyi"}]}
{"unique_index": 20202, "source_text": "Meridian Health Network announced that PulseBand would launch in Brussels on March 3, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meridian Health Network"}, {"start": 39, "end": 48, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "PulseBand"}, {"start": 65, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brussels"}, {"start": 77, "end": 90, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 439, "source_text": "A video going viral on social media shows former NASA astronaut Sunita Williams walking through a crowd, guided by police personnel. Users claim the visuals show her arriving at Jantar Mantar to express solidarity with Sonam Wangchuk, who has been on a hunger strike for 22 days, demanding Union education minister Dharmendra Pradhan’s resignation. An", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 53, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NASA"}, {"start": 54, "end": 63, "label": "JOB", "value": "astronaut"}, {"start": 64, "end": 79, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sunita Williams"}, {"start": 115, "end": 131, "label": "JOB", "value": "police personnel"}, {"start": 178, "end": 191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 219, "end": 233, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 271, "end": 278, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "22 days"}, {"start": 290, "end": 314, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union education minister"}, {"start": 315, "end": 333, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}]}
{"unique_index": 411, "source_text": "In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), post-war monuments represent the political and ethnic forces of localities, encouraging a narrative in which women often have no voice.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 25, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"}, {"start": 27, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "BiH"}]}
{"unique_index": 206, "source_text": "Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB) said it had thwarted a large-scale drone attack on a strategic facility “in a residential area of the Moscow region,” the Russian state news agency TASS reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Security Service"}, {"start": 35, "end": 38, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FSB"}, {"start": 142, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 188, "end": 192, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TASS"}]}
{"unique_index": 474, "source_text": "High connection costs keep many rural families from accessing reliable power, leaving them dependent on firewood and vulnerable to health risks", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 370, "source_text": "Daria Kasatkina, the Russian-born tennis player who now competes for Australia, has married figure skater Natalia Zabiiako, a silver medalist in the team event at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Kasatkina is ranked No. 63 in the world. The couple announced the marriage on Instagram.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daria Kasatkina"}, {"start": 34, "end": 47, "label": "JOB", "value": "tennis player"}, {"start": 52, "end": 55, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 69, "end": 78, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 92, "end": 105, "label": "JOB", "value": "figure skater"}, {"start": 106, "end": 122, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Natalia Zabiiako"}, {"start": 167, "end": 171, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 189, "end": 198, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kasatkina"}, {"start": 267, "end": 276, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}]}
{"unique_index": 20129, "source_text": "Visitors gathered in Marrakesh while Atlas Research Institute held its annual meeting there; Daniel Okafor spoke at 7:30 p.m. on May 19, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Marrakesh"}, {"start": 37, "end": 61, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlas Research Institute"}, {"start": 93, "end": 106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Okafor"}, {"start": 116, "end": 125, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7:30 p.m."}, {"start": 129, "end": 141, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 649, "source_text": "The Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar on 20 June 2026 over alleged examination irregularities. The party ended the protest on 25 July 2026 after Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan resigned and the government assured action on examination reforms (here, here). In this context, a video is being shared on", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 25, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janta Party"}, {"start": 27, "end": 30, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 58, "end": 71, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 75, "end": 87, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 160, "end": 172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25 July 2026"}, {"start": 179, "end": 203, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 204, "end": 222, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}]}
{"unique_index": 193, "source_text": "Youth at the COP30 Decision-Making Table. Young people move beyond symbolic roles and take real leadership in COP30 decisions", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 40, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Youth at the COP30 Decision-Making Table"}]}
{"unique_index": 252, "source_text": "India produces one of the world’s largest pools of engineering graduates. But employability assessments reveal significant gaps between graduate capabilities and industry expectations. For years, technical education has been built around the assumption that mastering programming languages would be the primary gateway to technology careers. That assumption is now showing its limits. In a world", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 15, "end": 18, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 361, "end": 364, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 164, "source_text": "By Kyrmyzy Turebayeva While urbanization continues to displace natural ecosystems across the Great Lakes region, one declining wetland bird has managed to adapt to city life -- the black-crowned night heron.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 21, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyrmyzy Turebayeva"}, {"start": 93, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Lakes"}, {"start": 113, "end": 116, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 568, "source_text": "As delegates gather in Rio de Janeiro for the International Aids Conference next week, one of the biggest lessons from HIV has nothing to do with a virus. South Africa has already learned what happens when stigma keeps people away from life-changing treatment. Now, as obesity rises and effective medicines remain out of reach for most people, we're at risk of making the same mistakes all over again.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 37, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rio de Janeiro"}, {"start": 76, "end": 85, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next week"}, {"start": 87, "end": 90, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 155, "end": 167, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 261, "end": 264, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}]}
{"unique_index": 238, "source_text": "Four soldiers have been convicted over the acid attack on human rights activist Andrie Yunus. But Project Multatuli’s investigation found signs of a wider intelligence operation, with more suspects, stolen civilian identities, and a military trial that left key questions unanswered. On the evening of March 12, 2026, human rights activist Andrie", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Four"}, {"start": 58, "end": 79, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activist"}, {"start": 80, "end": 92, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrie Yunus"}, {"start": 98, "end": 115, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Project Multatuli"}, {"start": 302, "end": 316, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 12, 2026"}, {"start": 318, "end": 339, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activist"}, {"start": 340, "end": 346, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrie"}]}
{"unique_index": 533, "source_text": "Mykhailo Drapatyi became commander in chief of Ukraine’s armed forces on the evening of July 21, replacing Oleksandr Syrskyi. The appointment capped a conflict between Syrskyi and Defense Minister Mykhailo Fedorov: Zelensky fired Fedorov, prompting protesters to take to the streets on the ex-minister’s behalf, and Syrskyi’s resignation followed. Drapatyi has a reputation as a new-generation commander who — unlike Syrskyi — welcomes initiative from the ranks and tries to keep his soldiers alive. Here’s what else commentators are saying about Ukraine’s incoming and outgoing commanders in chief.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Drapatyi"}, {"start": 25, "end": 43, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander in chief"}, {"start": 47, "end": 54, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 77, "end": 95, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "evening of July 21"}, {"start": 107, "end": 124, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oleksandr Syrskyi"}, {"start": 168, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syrskyi"}, {"start": 180, "end": 196, "label": "JOB", "value": "Defense Minister"}, {"start": 197, "end": 213, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Fedorov"}, {"start": 215, "end": 223, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zelensky"}, {"start": 230, "end": 237, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fedorov"}, {"start": 293, "end": 301, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 316, "end": 323, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syrskyi"}, {"start": 348, "end": 356, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Drapatyi"}, {"start": 394, "end": 403, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander"}, {"start": 417, "end": 424, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syrskyi"}, {"start": 547, "end": 554, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 579, "end": 598, "label": "JOB", "value": "commanders in chief"}]}
{"unique_index": 535, "source_text": "Study finds one of Michigan’s healthiest forests in Grand Rapids. By Bauyrzhan Zhaxylykov Surrounded by busy roads, neighborhoods and businesses, Ken-O-Sha Park doesn’t look like one of Michigan’s most valuable forests. But a new study found the 100-acre park in Grand Rapids is home to one of the state’s highest-quality remaining forests.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 64, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Study finds one of Michigan’s healthiest forests in Grand Rapids"}, {"start": 69, "end": 89, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bauyrzhan Zhaxylykov"}, {"start": 146, "end": 160, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ken-O-Sha Park"}, {"start": 179, "end": 182, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 186, "end": 194, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Michigan"}, {"start": 246, "end": 249, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 263, "end": 275, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Grand Rapids"}, {"start": 287, "end": 290, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 348, "source_text": "A CCTV clip showing a man dragging another person by a rope tied around his neck is being shared with the claim that a Muslim man assaulted a Hindu temple priest in Adhoni village of Haryana’s Kurukshetra because the temple was obstructing devotees from visiting a nearby dargah. Verified X user @MrTiwaree shared the video", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 148, "end": 161, "label": "JOB", "value": "temple priest"}, {"start": 165, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Adhoni"}, {"start": 183, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haryana"}, {"start": 193, "end": 204, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kurukshetra"}, {"start": 289, "end": 290, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 296, "end": 306, "label": "PERSON", "value": "@MrTiwaree"}]}
{"unique_index": 628, "source_text": "Montenegro will introduce a visa requirement for Russian citizens, the government announced in a press release published on its website July 27.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Montenegro"}, {"start": 136, "end": 143, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 27"}]}
{"unique_index": 367, "source_text": "Four pedestrian deaths in less than 10 days has Milwaukee residents and a Vision Zero leader talking about how to help prevent reckless driving.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Four"}, {"start": 36, "end": 43, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 days"}, {"start": 48, "end": 57, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}, {"start": 74, "end": 85, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Vision Zero"}]}
{"unique_index": 523, "source_text": "Ukrainian drones struck Wildberries logistics centers in Krasnodar and Nevinnomyssk, in Stavropol Krai, in the early hours of July 22, setting off large fires. Helicopters from the Russian Emergency Ministry were deployed to help fight the blazes. According to Krasnodar Krai authorities, ten people were injured in the attack, three of them in serious condition. In Nevinnomyssk, five people were injured, none of whom required hospitalization. Wildberries CEO Tatyana Kim said staff had been quickly evacuated from the warehouses. Meduza has compiled photos and videos of the aftermath.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 24, "end": 35, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 57, "end": 66, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Krasnodar"}, {"start": 71, "end": 83, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nevinnomyssk"}, {"start": 88, "end": 102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Stavropol Krai"}, {"start": 111, "end": 133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early hours of July 22"}, {"start": 181, "end": 207, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Russian Emergency Ministry"}, {"start": 261, "end": 275, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Krasnodar Krai"}, {"start": 289, "end": 292, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 328, "end": 333, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 367, "end": 379, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nevinnomyssk"}, {"start": 381, "end": 385, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 446, "end": 457, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 458, "end": 461, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEO"}, {"start": 462, "end": 473, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tatyana Kim"}, {"start": 533, "end": 539, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meduza"}]}
{"unique_index": 70, "source_text": "BBD...Bell Biv Devoe or Black Bear Diner?? Either way, you'll want to smack it up, flip it, rub it down!! We came in with appetites and left with food babies. \\n\\nI felt bad for our poor waitress because I literally sent her away 3 times before I was ready to order. Impressive, extensive menu that has every savory, buttery delicious breakfast treat and combo you could ever hope for.\\n\\nMy girlfriend commented that the crowd was a bizarre mix of local seniors and mature families...and young yelpers. She was right. But what everyone had in common were forkfuls of pancake goodness and huge contented smiles. Oh mama.....are they pancakes or cupcakes?? wow.\\n\\n I always give bonus points to Vegas establishments that don't feel like Vegas. This place, as others have said, has a comfortable Northwestern atmosphere, that the owners have succeeded in keeping authentic (if a bit kitschy) with several hundred bears everywhere your eye wanders. Papa Bear swung by our table to check on us, which was a nice touch.\\n\\nHighly recommended.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBD"}, {"start": 6, "end": 20, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bell Biv Devoe"}, {"start": 24, "end": 40, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Black Bear Diner"}, {"start": 187, "end": 195, "label": "JOB", "value": "waitress"}, {"start": 230, "end": 231, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 695, "end": 700, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vegas"}, {"start": 737, "end": 742, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vegas"}, {"start": 829, "end": 835, "label": "JOB", "value": "owners"}, {"start": 904, "end": 911, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundred"}, {"start": 947, "end": 956, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Papa Bear"}]}
{"unique_index": 381, "source_text": "Get a free haircut and combat summer learning loss; celebrate Frida Kahlo; enjoy several festivals; and more.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 62, "end": 73, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Frida Kahlo"}]}
{"unique_index": 418, "source_text": "Russian singer Grigory Leps has apologized for remarks in which he suggested that most Russian families get by on a monthly income of 200,000 to 300,000 rubles.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 14, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 15, "end": 27, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Grigory Leps"}, {"start": 116, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 134, "end": 152, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200,000 to 300,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 528, "source_text": "A Reuters investigation has identified links between companies controlled by Steven Shaulis, a former member of the U.S. Army Special Forces, commonly known as the Green Berets, and a network of", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 9, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reuters"}, {"start": 77, "end": 91, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Steven Shaulis"}, {"start": 116, "end": 140, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "U.S. Army Special Forces"}, {"start": 164, "end": 176, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Green Berets"}]}
{"unique_index": 5, "source_text": "I can't really say I've experienced better since this was my first time experience anything like this. I don't really remember their names, so here are my nicknames to them: MC: loud blond guy, can sing, and a bit narcissistic for someone in his field. Guitarist: great player, doesn't strip Dreads: the only guy that can dance (great job with Smooth Criminal) Blank: no expression in any act, very boring Mess Up: thinks he can dance but keeps messing up. Adam Levine: cuz he looks like Adam Levine Fabio: long blond hair The Experience Price: pretty hefty. Environment: screaming drunk/horny bachelorettes in their 20/30s. A few 40 somethings. Music: a rip of all popular songs today and the past few decades. MC sangs a few, not bad. Choreography: crap. Can't be in sync for their lives. Nudity: PG-13. Penises are censored. Overall: it seems like they are out to please and make sure everyone has a fantastic bachelorette/birthday/etc. Those that are willing to go upstage and gyrate their hips get free peeks. Tip: Check-in = free calendar!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 61, "end": 71, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "first time"}, {"start": 174, "end": 176, "label": "PERSON", "value": "MC"}, {"start": 253, "end": 262, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Guitarist"}, {"start": 292, "end": 298, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dreads"}, {"start": 344, "end": 359, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Smooth Criminal"}, {"start": 361, "end": 366, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Blank"}, {"start": 406, "end": 413, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mess Up"}, {"start": 457, "end": 468, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Adam Levine"}, {"start": 488, "end": 499, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Adam Levine"}, {"start": 500, "end": 505, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fabio"}, {"start": 617, "end": 623, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20/30s"}, {"start": 631, "end": 644, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "40 somethings"}, {"start": 680, "end": 685, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 694, "end": 710, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past few decades"}, {"start": 712, "end": 714, "label": "PERSON", "value": "MC"}]}
{"unique_index": 46, "source_text": "Black rhinos at Kent zoos may be targeted by poachers for their horns . Aspinall foundation looking to imply 24-hour security to protect them .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 20, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kent"}, {"start": 72, "end": 91, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aspinall foundation"}, {"start": 109, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24-hour"}]}
{"unique_index": 503, "source_text": "An old, unrelated video is shared as showing a massive bike rally heading towards Jantar Mantar after Sonam Wangchuk was taken to the hospital. The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on 20 June 2026, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over alleged examination irregularities. On 28 June 2026, climate activist Sonam Wangchuk joined the protest and began an indefinite hunger strike in support of the movement’s demands.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 142, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "An old, unrelated video is shared as showing a massive bike rally heading towards Jantar Mantar after Sonam Wangchuk was taken to the hospital"}, {"start": 148, "end": 170, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 172, "end": 175, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 203, "end": 216, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 220, "end": 229, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Delhi"}, {"start": 233, "end": 245, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 276, "end": 300, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 301, "end": 319, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 364, "end": 376, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28 June 2026"}, {"start": 378, "end": 394, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate activist"}, {"start": 395, "end": 409, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}]}
{"unique_index": 20056, "source_text": "Greenfield Transit Authority renamed its tool MetroFlow; Yara Nasser announced the change in Auckland on April 18, 2028. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenfield Transit Authority"}, {"start": 46, "end": 55, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MetroFlow"}, {"start": 57, "end": 68, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yara Nasser"}, {"start": 93, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Auckland"}, {"start": 105, "end": 119, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 18, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20087, "source_text": "In Riverside Innovation Hub, Noah Williams and Sara Lindholm serve as research librarian and archive manager at Eastgate Public Library. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 27, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riverside Innovation Hub"}, {"start": 29, "end": 42, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Noah Williams"}, {"start": 47, "end": 60, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sara Lindholm"}, {"start": 70, "end": 88, "label": "JOB", "value": "research librarian"}, {"start": 93, "end": 108, "label": "JOB", "value": "archive manager"}, {"start": 112, "end": 135, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}]}
{"unique_index": 205, "source_text": "Yulia Svyrydenko has turned down an offer to become Ukraine’s ambassador to the United States after she steps down as prime minister, a resignation expected soon, sources told Ukrainska Pravda.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yulia Svyrydenko"}, {"start": 52, "end": 59, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 62, "end": 72, "label": "JOB", "value": "ambassador"}, {"start": 80, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 118, "end": 132, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 176, "end": 192, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ukrainska Pravda"}]}
{"unique_index": 432, "source_text": "A group of students of Visva Bharati university in Santiniketan on Saturday alleged that several members of the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) attacked them while they were observing a 24-hour-long hunger strike and protest in solidarity with Sonam Wangchuk. The protest was not limited to Visva-Bharati students but was open to students and supporters", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 36, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Visva Bharati"}, {"start": 51, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Santiniketan"}, {"start": 67, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 89, "end": 96, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 112, "end": 146, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad"}, {"start": 148, "end": 152, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ABVP"}, {"start": 196, "end": 203, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24-hour"}, {"start": 254, "end": 268, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}, {"start": 301, "end": 314, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Visva-Bharati"}]}
{"unique_index": 449, "source_text": "People whose immediate family had been killed by al-Shabaab were measurably less willing to accept defectors, a reminder that reconciliation has to compete with real grief and fear.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 59, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "al-Shabaab"}]}
{"unique_index": 20149, "source_text": "Maple Arts Collective sponsored a concert at Greenwood Arts Center, where “Maps We Inherit” premiered on April 18, 2028 with Felix Weber in attendance. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 45, "end": 66, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Greenwood Arts Center"}, {"start": 75, "end": 90, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Maps We Inherit"}, {"start": 105, "end": 119, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 18, 2028"}, {"start": 125, "end": 136, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Felix Weber"}]}
{"unique_index": 270, "source_text": "Recent data shows violent crime is down in the city. Advocates say preventing violence depends on trust as well as community investment.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20003, "source_text": "Jonas Berg, a community organizer at Harborlight Foundation, deployed CivicTrack in Lakeview Sports Arena on May 7, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jonas Berg"}, {"start": 14, "end": 33, "label": "JOB", "value": "community organizer"}, {"start": 37, "end": 59, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harborlight Foundation"}, {"start": 70, "end": 80, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "CivicTrack"}, {"start": 84, "end": 105, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lakeview Sports Arena"}, {"start": 109, "end": 120, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 160, "source_text": "By Domonic Marroni In Ann Arbor, Michigan, Skyline High School's natural areas are home to several species of invasive plants causing widespread destruction of surrounding trees. These species pose potential fire hazards and are dangerous to public health. Action is needed, say several environmental experts, to avert future disasters and to preserve the natural areas for future students.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 18, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Domonic Marroni"}, {"start": 22, "end": 31, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ann Arbor"}, {"start": 33, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Michigan"}, {"start": 43, "end": 62, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Skyline High School"}]}
{"unique_index": 587, "source_text": "A new study, supported by the experience of immigration lawyers, describes a system where automated triage shapes outcomes long before an officer signs a refusal — and where almost no one outside IRCC can see how.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 44, "end": 63, "label": "JOB", "value": "immigration lawyers"}, {"start": 138, "end": 145, "label": "JOB", "value": "officer"}, {"start": 196, "end": 200, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IRCC"}]}
{"unique_index": 482, "source_text": "After losing a major transmission project to a startup, American Transmission Company asks federal regulators to reopen the bidding, escalating a fight over who will build — and profit from — Wisconsin's grid expansion as data centers drive demand.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 85, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "American Transmission Company"}, {"start": 99, "end": 109, "label": "JOB", "value": "regulators"}, {"start": 192, "end": 201, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wisconsin"}]}
{"unique_index": 447, "source_text": "Many stateless people in the Gulf live in extremely difficult conditions: excluded from education, employment, public healthcare and freedom of movement, while also suffering political and social discrimination", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 33, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gulf"}]}
{"unique_index": 20209, "source_text": "Samuel Mensah opened the meeting for Horizon Robotics as its robotics technician in Prague at 7:30 p.m. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Samuel Mensah"}, {"start": 37, "end": 53, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}, {"start": 61, "end": 80, "label": "JOB", "value": "robotics technician"}, {"start": 84, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prague"}, {"start": 94, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7:30 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 172, "source_text": "Surface ozone compounds heatwave deaths in India – study. Surface ozone is rising above safe levels during India’s pre-monsoon heatwaves, fuelling health problems, study finds.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 56, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Surface ozone compounds heatwave deaths in India – study"}, {"start": 107, "end": 112, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20102, "source_text": "Meridian Health Network's clinical researcher, Elena Petrova, spoke in Brussels at 14:45. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meridian Health Network"}, {"start": 26, "end": 45, "label": "JOB", "value": "clinical researcher"}, {"start": 47, "end": 60, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elena Petrova"}, {"start": 71, "end": 79, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brussels"}, {"start": 83, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14:45"}]}
{"unique_index": 357, "source_text": "Druze Canadians with family ties to Venezuela and Syria are seeking news of relatives after the June 24 earthquakes while marking a year since deadly violence in Sweida.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 45, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 50, "end": 55, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syria"}, {"start": 96, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 24"}, {"start": 130, "end": 136, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a year"}, {"start": 162, "end": 168, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sweida"}]}
{"unique_index": 382, "source_text": "Post From Community: MPS to close Summer Academy and all MKE REC sites Friday due to dense smoke advisory. Superintendent Cassellius announces decision in consultation with Health Commissioner Totoraitis.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 105, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Post From Community: MPS to close Summer Academy and all MKE REC sites Friday due to dense smoke advisory"}, {"start": 107, "end": 121, "label": "JOB", "value": "Superintendent"}, {"start": 122, "end": 132, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cassellius"}, {"start": 173, "end": 192, "label": "JOB", "value": "Health Commissioner"}, {"start": 193, "end": 203, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Totoraitis"}]}
{"unique_index": 392, "source_text": "Image Description: Four people standing closely together against a warm yellow background with soft, wavy patterns. One person wears a green shirt with a stethoscope, another wears a gray tank top, a third wears a pink robe, and the fourth wears a dark suit with a red tie. The figures appear posed like a group…", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 23, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Four"}, {"start": 116, "end": 119, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}]}
{"unique_index": 441, "source_text": "About 90 Community Learning Centers and camps based in Milwaukee Public Schools received monthly childcare stabilization payments before funding ended in June.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 8, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 9, "end": 35, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Community Learning Centers"}, {"start": 55, "end": 79, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Milwaukee Public Schools"}, {"start": 89, "end": 96, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 154, "end": 158, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June"}]}
{"unique_index": 20172, "source_text": "Aisha Rahman spoke at 12:45 p.m. and answered 12 questions before October 2, 2028 for Pacific Health Cooperative. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aisha Rahman"}, {"start": 22, "end": 32, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12:45 p.m."}, {"start": 46, "end": 48, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 66, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2, 2028"}, {"start": 86, "end": 112, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Health Cooperative"}]}
{"unique_index": 648, "source_text": "Foreigners made 2.99 million tourist trips to Russia between January and June 2026, the Russian business daily Kommersant reported, citing Rosstat data.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 28, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.99 million"}, {"start": 46, "end": 52, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 61, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and June 2026"}, {"start": 111, "end": 121, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kommersant"}, {"start": 139, "end": 146, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rosstat"}]}
{"unique_index": 417, "source_text": "After Venezuela’s earthquakes, families searched for missing children within a strained protection system that struggled to respond amid collapsed buildings, scarce resources, and institutional gaps.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 15, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}]}
{"unique_index": 24, "source_text": "- Lego\n- Dead mouse\n- Slug\n- Dog poop\n- Matchbox cars\n- Glass\n- Rusty Nail\n- Thumbtack\n- Ice\n- Plastic green army men", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 6, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Lego"}, {"start": 40, "end": 53, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Matchbox cars"}]}
{"unique_index": 634, "source_text": "Wisconsin Watch checked in with the five remaining candidates as they made their pitch to voters across the state.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wisconsin Watch"}, {"start": 36, "end": 40, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}]}
{"unique_index": 593, "source_text": "Early damage estimates vary widely, but all point to the same conclusion: rebuilding Venezuela will require unprecedented financial resources and long-term economic recovery efforts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 85, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}]}
{"unique_index": 165, "source_text": "South Africa in history’s struggle. Kevin Cox’s NLR essay on South Africa claims to correct liberal and culturalist accounts through historical materialism. But it reproduces the very epistemic and analytical failures it sets out to overcome.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 34, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "South Africa in history’s struggle"}, {"start": 36, "end": 45, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kevin Cox"}, {"start": 48, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NLR"}, {"start": 61, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 384, "source_text": "On the evening of July 15, news broke that Ukrainian Defense Minister Mykhailo Fedorov would be dismissed from the post he had held since January. Ukraine’s parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, has yet to formally approve his removal. Fedorov confirmed the news, acknowledging at a press conference that he had clashed with Oleksandr Syrsky, Ukraine’s commander in chief. The dismissal set off protests in cities across Ukraine, with demonstrators calling for his reinstatement and Syrsky’s removal. Here is how people in Ukraine and abroad have reacted to Fedorov’s ouster.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 25, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "evening of July 15"}, {"start": 53, "end": 69, "label": "JOB", "value": "Defense Minister"}, {"start": 70, "end": 86, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Fedorov"}, {"start": 138, "end": 145, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January"}, {"start": 147, "end": 154, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 230, "end": 237, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fedorov"}, {"start": 319, "end": 335, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oleksandr Syrsky"}, {"start": 337, "end": 344, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 347, "end": 365, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander in chief"}, {"start": 415, "end": 422, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 477, "end": 483, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syrsky"}, {"start": 517, "end": 524, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 552, "end": 559, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fedorov"}]}
{"unique_index": 88, "source_text": "Haven't played the game? Don't bother. This is for the Final Fantasy VII fans out there that beat the game, and no other will appreciate this rare gem of a movie. Want to watch it and love it? Buy the game, beat it and then watch it. When's the last time you've seen an excellent movie based on a video game? Well, this is it.br />br />The story takes place two years after the game and no short summaries are given to refresh your memory (though I doubt many would forget), and goes right into the one hour and forty-one minute adventure.br />br />All your favorite characters are there, even Cait Sith. The voice acting is superb in the Japanese version, every character is cast perfectly. Cloud sounds tough and broody, Tifa sounds kind yet strong...Aeris is also perfect, she sounds exactly as I imagined. Cait Sith sounds less cute than I imagined, but worked very well.br />br />The character models are spectacular, great textures and lighting. The environments are breathtaking and the battles are choreographed in a way to make The Matrix blush. The amazing camera work comes through in the bike chases, for example, where your eyes are just screaming in satisfaction and your lungs breathing heavily without consent.br />br />The music is typical Uematsu quality, which means its top notch. Familiar tunes are remade to accompany Advent Children's graphical leap, which meshes with the visual aspects very well.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 72, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Final Fantasy VII"}, {"start": 245, "end": 254, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last time"}, {"start": 358, "end": 367, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years"}, {"start": 499, "end": 528, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one hour and forty-one minute"}, {"start": 594, "end": 603, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cait Sith"}, {"start": 692, "end": 697, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cloud"}, {"start": 723, "end": 727, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tifa"}, {"start": 753, "end": 758, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aeris"}, {"start": 810, "end": 819, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cait Sith"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1047, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Matrix"}, {"start": 1257, "end": 1264, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Uematsu"}, {"start": 1340, "end": 1355, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Advent Children"}]}
{"unique_index": 276, "source_text": "Splash pads, senior centers and libraries are all places you can stay cool over the summer.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 84, "end": 90, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}]}
{"unique_index": 157, "source_text": "By Kyrmyzy Turebayeva Downriver Detroit developed during the 20th century as an industrial region, but it was never just an industrial space. Alongside factories and working-class neighborhoods, there were wetlands, waterfront areas, nature preserves, farms and residential communities with different types of environments that shaped the region. This relationship lies at the heart of Lisa Fine’s new book, “Downriver Detroit: The Working Class, the Environment and the Bonds of Place.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 21, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyrmyzy Turebayeva"}, {"start": 22, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Downriver Detroit"}, {"start": 61, "end": 73, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20th century"}, {"start": 386, "end": 395, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lisa Fine"}, {"start": 409, "end": 485, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Downriver Detroit: The Working Class, the Environment and the Bonds of Place"}]}
{"unique_index": 452, "source_text": "Ukrainian drones struck the Moscow region overnight on July 20, Moscow region Governor Andrei Vorobyov said. Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said more than 400 drones flew toward the region, with a large portion shot down at long range and another 85 intercepted on approach to Moscow.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 28, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow region"}, {"start": 42, "end": 62, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "overnight on July 20"}, {"start": 64, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow region"}, {"start": 78, "end": 86, "label": "JOB", "value": "Governor"}, {"start": 87, "end": 102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrei Vorobyov"}, {"start": 109, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 116, "end": 121, "label": "JOB", "value": "Mayor"}, {"start": 122, "end": 137, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sergei Sobyanin"}, {"start": 153, "end": 156, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400"}, {"start": 245, "end": 247, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "85"}, {"start": 275, "end": 281, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}]}
{"unique_index": 41, "source_text": "yeah bourbon Glazed Salmon and yours yeah i also like mcdonalds twice week and you thats sound good ohh thats great", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 54, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "mcdonalds"}, {"start": 64, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "twice week"}]}
{"unique_index": 399, "source_text": "Much has already been written about Syria’s new People’s Assembly: how it came into being, who its members are, and what political, professional, or social backgrounds they represent. These are important questions, and many insightful observations have already been made. They tell us a great deal about the political settlement that produced this parliament and about the constituencies that are likely to shape its work....", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syria"}, {"start": 48, "end": 65, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "People’s Assembly"}]}
{"unique_index": 43, "source_text": "upon receipt of both parental verification and consent , tpci will enable the parent to create an account with us for the child .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 20, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 57, "end": 61, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "tpci"}]}
{"unique_index": 20234, "source_text": "Miriam Cohen wrote “Dispatches from Lakeview” using JadeStudio and submitted it to Maple Arts Collective on October 2, 2028. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Miriam Cohen"}, {"start": 20, "end": 44, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Dispatches from Lakeview"}, {"start": 52, "end": 62, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 83, "end": 104, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 108, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 565, "source_text": "On July 22, State Duma deputies passed two laws intended to ensure the “inevitability of punishment” for those evading Russian justice abroad. Human rights advocates from the organization First Department directly call the new rules a path toward the de facto stripping of citizenship from opponents of the ruling regime, whom the authorities are prosecuting under political articles of Russia’s Criminal Code.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 22"}, {"start": 12, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Duma"}, {"start": 23, "end": 31, "label": "JOB", "value": "deputies"}, {"start": 39, "end": 42, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 156, "end": 165, "label": "JOB", "value": "advocates"}, {"start": 188, "end": 204, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "First Department"}, {"start": 387, "end": 393, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 51, "source_text": "A visit to Flatley Dam in Union County confirmed the alternate lifestyle Kohler maintained outside her role as a International Solutions Analyst at Harber Inc .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 22, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Flatley Dam"}, {"start": 26, "end": 38, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Union County"}, {"start": 73, "end": 79, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kohler"}, {"start": 113, "end": 144, "label": "JOB", "value": "International Solutions Analyst"}, {"start": 148, "end": 158, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harber Inc"}]}
{"unique_index": 349, "source_text": "Trigger Warning: Mentions of sexual violence Two distressing videos showing a minor girl in a hospital bed are being widely shared on social media. In one clip, the girl appears to be in a delirious state and says, “They will all get caught. The cops and the perpetrators will all be caught after I die.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 48, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 151, "end": 154, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20057, "source_text": "Sunrise Media Group renamed its tool NimbusNote; Clara Dupont announced the change in Westport Harbor on November 20, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 37, "end": 47, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 49, "end": 61, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Clara Dupont"}, {"start": 86, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Westport Harbor"}, {"start": 105, "end": 122, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 20, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20076, "source_text": "The university rector, Mei Lin, briefed Cedar Valley University at 4:35 p.m. on June 30, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "university rector"}, {"start": 23, "end": 30, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mei Lin"}, {"start": 40, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cedar Valley University"}, {"start": 67, "end": 76, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "4:35 p.m."}, {"start": 80, "end": 93, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 30, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20111, "source_text": "The report quotes Kwame Boateng, a medical director based in Meadow Park, and Emily Carter, a public health nurse at Willow Creek Hospital. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 31, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kwame Boateng"}, {"start": 35, "end": 51, "label": "JOB", "value": "medical director"}, {"start": 61, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Meadow Park"}, {"start": 78, "end": 90, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily Carter"}, {"start": 94, "end": 113, "label": "JOB", "value": "public health nurse"}, {"start": 117, "end": 138, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}]}
{"unique_index": 566, "source_text": "Sberbank will discontinue servicing foreign-currency and multicurrency Visa and Mastercard cards starting September 1, 2026, TASS and RBC reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sberbank"}, {"start": 71, "end": 75, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Visa"}, {"start": 80, "end": 90, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Mastercard"}, {"start": 106, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 1, 2026"}, {"start": 125, "end": 129, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TASS"}, {"start": 134, "end": 137, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RBC"}]}
{"unique_index": 20112, "source_text": "The report quotes Ana Torres, a research librarian based in Helsinki, and Daniel Okafor, a archive manager at Eastgate Public Library. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 28, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ana Torres"}, {"start": 32, "end": 50, "label": "JOB", "value": "research librarian"}, {"start": 60, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Helsinki"}, {"start": 74, "end": 87, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Okafor"}, {"start": 91, "end": 106, "label": "JOB", "value": "archive manager"}, {"start": 110, "end": 133, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}]}
{"unique_index": 328, "source_text": "After a six-month lapse, these federal grants are available again — with new rules on foreign ties, proposal limits and opportunities for additional money.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six-month"}]}
{"unique_index": 393, "source_text": "Image Description: A woman sits on a prayer mat in a dimly lit, clay-walled room, illuminated by a small lantern. Her husband stands behind her, facing the wall, where his shadow splits into two overlapping silhouettes—one masculine, one feminine. For Fati, who grew up in a conservative Muslim society, the way her husband Ahmadu gesticulated…", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 191, "end": 194, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 219, "end": 222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 234, "end": 237, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 252, "end": 256, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fati"}, {"start": 324, "end": 330, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ahmadu"}]}
{"unique_index": 643, "source_text": "Dear Protest, Are you okay? There was a time when this question was asked only to people. These days, it seems to be asked of the country. I picked up the morning paper, and there you were. From the front page to the gossip columns, everyone had an opinion on you. A little later, I sipped my tea as I scrolled on Instagram. Same story. Every other post, every other reel, there you were again. That’s when I began to worry. I tried the television next. Surely you’d be there somewhere too, buried beneath the shouting. One panel had already crowned you a patriot. Another had convicted you of treason. The verdict changed every few minutes. You never got to speak. I switched off the TV, folded the paper, and put my phone away. I sank into the sofa, and before I knew it, I was thinking about the last time I saw you. Do you remember? I do. I thought about Hyderabad first. Those impossible nights. A student writing", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 90, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "These days"}, {"start": 265, "end": 279, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "A little later"}, {"start": 314, "end": 323, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 520, "end": 523, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 623, "end": 640, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every few minutes"}, {"start": 799, "end": 808, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last time"}, {"start": 859, "end": 868, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hyderabad"}, {"start": 876, "end": 899, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Those impossible nights"}]}
{"unique_index": 594, "source_text": "From election debates to AI‑manipulated content, audiences in both countries rely on legacy media for credibility while increasingly consuming politics through fast, visual and creator‑driven formats. Trust in news continues to slide globally, yet when elections arrive, audiences in Indonesia and Singapore behave differently. New evidence from both countries shows that even in a fragmented,", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 62, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 284, "end": 293, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 298, "end": 307, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 346, "end": 350, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 214, "source_text": "For women in Rajasthan, the end of MGNREGA means losing more than work. According to a 2014 state-level study, at least one or two members in 56.6 percent of households in southern Rajasthan were migrating in search of work. As the level of male outmigration, in particular, has remained high in the region, a significant share of the livelihoods of such households is dependent on women's labour. In this context, MGNREGA has been more than an employment scheme and a source of income. It has been an important medium for women to access the panchayat, voice their views and concerns, organise collectively, and demand accountability from the local administration. Thousands of women have gone to their village panchayats to apply for work under MGNREGA. MGNREGA: More than just employment for women Over the years, thousands of women associated with Ujala Sangathan, a rural women’s collective that I work with in southern Rajasthan, have gone to their village panchayats to apply for work under MGNREGA. The process of demanding work also gave them the opportunity to interact with the panchayat secretary, the sarpanch, and", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "For women in Rajasthan, the end of MGNREGA means losing more than work"}, {"start": 87, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 120, "end": 123, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 127, "end": 130, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 142, "end": 146, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "56.6"}, {"start": 181, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rajasthan"}, {"start": 666, "end": 675, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Thousands"}, {"start": 817, "end": 826, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 852, "end": 867, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ujala Sangathan"}, {"start": 925, "end": 934, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rajasthan"}, {"start": 1089, "end": 1108, "label": "JOB", "value": "panchayat secretary"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1122, "label": "JOB", "value": "sarpanch"}]}
{"unique_index": 20224, "source_text": "Robotics technician Nora Jensen tested MotionKit for Horizon Robotics on Sunday evening. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "Robotics technician"}, {"start": 20, "end": 31, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nora Jensen"}, {"start": 39, "end": 48, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MotionKit"}, {"start": 53, "end": 69, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}, {"start": 73, "end": 87, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 37, "source_text": "The five pillars of Islam are Shahadah (profession of faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (alms-giving), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 120, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Ramadan"}, {"start": 154, "end": 159, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mecca"}]}
{"unique_index": 369, "source_text": "This technology is being called the ‘future of grazing in the West’. Barbed-wire fences changed the western US in the 1800s. Can virtual fences change it back?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 67, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "This technology is being called the ‘future of grazing in the West’"}, {"start": 108, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 118, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1800s"}]}
{"unique_index": 495, "source_text": "The rivers in Hwange carry toxic waste from coal mines, sickening residents, livestock and fish alike. Could selenium poisoning be the culprit? Oscar Nkala investigates", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 20, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hwange"}, {"start": 144, "end": 155, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oscar Nkala"}]}
{"unique_index": 20184, "source_text": "Pacific Health Cooperative served 24 families over five days in Old Town Library, according to Miriam Cohen. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Health Cooperative"}, {"start": 34, "end": 36, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 51, "end": 60, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five days"}, {"start": 64, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Old Town Library"}, {"start": 95, "end": 107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Miriam Cohen"}]}
{"unique_index": 35, "source_text": "We've outsourced Security to an external team as discussed. Please transfer 884k Tunisian Dinar into the account provided.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 76, "end": 80, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "884k"}]}
{"unique_index": 20015, "source_text": "The urban ecologist compared YieldMap with ForestView during a workshop in Pioneer Technology Park on Monday morning. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "urban ecologist"}, {"start": 29, "end": 37, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YieldMap"}, {"start": 43, "end": 53, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ForestView"}, {"start": 75, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pioneer Technology Park"}, {"start": 102, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 202, "source_text": "A revised sanctions bill co-authored by Senator Lindsey Graham, who died several days ago, would authorize the U.S. president to impose tariffs of up to 100% on the five largest buyers of Russian oil and natural gas — China and India chief among them — The Wall Street Journal reported, citing sources.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 47, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senator"}, {"start": 48, "end": 62, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lindsey Graham"}, {"start": 73, "end": 89, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several days ago"}, {"start": 111, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 116, "end": 125, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 153, "end": 156, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 165, "end": 169, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 218, "end": 223, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 228, "end": 233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 253, "end": 276, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Wall Street Journal"}]}
{"unique_index": 132, "source_text": "TL;DR India’s latest UDISE+ 2025–26 data reveals a school education system in transition. While government schools continue to educate the majority of students nationally, private schools are steadily gaining ground, particularly at the primary level and in several states. The report also highlights persistent gaps in early childhood education, with one in five children entering government", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 21, "end": 27, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "UDISE+"}, {"start": 28, "end": 35, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025–26"}, {"start": 352, "end": 355, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 359, "end": 363, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}]}
{"unique_index": 107, "source_text": "Jared Kushner’s planned luxury resort on protected wetlands in Albania has sparked the largest pro-democracy movement since the fall of communism.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jared Kushner"}, {"start": 63, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Albania"}]}
{"unique_index": 333, "source_text": "SD Properties Inc., the property corporation affiliated with the Social Development Commission, is working with the City Attorney’s Office to avoid foreclosure on its property at 6850 N. Teutonia Ave. A judge approved a default judgment against SDC in a separate contract lawsuit.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SD Properties Inc."}, {"start": 65, "end": 94, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Social Development Commission"}, {"start": 116, "end": 138, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "City Attorney’s Office"}, {"start": 179, "end": 199, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "6850 N. Teutonia Ave"}, {"start": 203, "end": 208, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 245, "end": 248, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SDC"}]}
{"unique_index": 20205, "source_text": "Peter Novak opened the meeting for Blue River Analytics as its chief data officer in Kigali at 1:05 p.m. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Peter Novak"}, {"start": 35, "end": 55, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}, {"start": 63, "end": 81, "label": "JOB", "value": "chief data officer"}, {"start": 85, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kigali"}, {"start": 95, "end": 104, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1:05 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 20195, "source_text": "At 7:05 a.m. on February 8, 2027, Karim Benali transferred EUR 6,200 to Maple Arts Collective. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7:05 a.m."}, {"start": 16, "end": 32, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 8, 2027"}, {"start": 34, "end": 46, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Karim Benali"}, {"start": 63, "end": 68, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6,200"}, {"start": 72, "end": 93, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}]}
{"unique_index": 20179, "source_text": "The 12-page report “The Memory Archive” was published by Atlas Research Institute on Tuesday afternoon with help from Daniel Okafor. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 6, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 20, "end": 38, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Memory Archive"}, {"start": 57, "end": 81, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlas Research Institute"}, {"start": 85, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday afternoon"}, {"start": 118, "end": 131, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Okafor"}]}
{"unique_index": 20200, "source_text": "Northbridge Labs announced that AtlasOS would launch in Baku on June 30, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Northbridge Labs"}, {"start": 32, "end": 39, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "AtlasOS"}, {"start": 56, "end": 60, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Baku"}, {"start": 64, "end": 77, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 30, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 493, "source_text": "After three years of following JET money, Thabo Molelekwa finds the focus of high-level discussions now is how to prepare and implement projects", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}, {"start": 42, "end": 57, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thabo Molelekwa"}, {"start": 100, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 468, "source_text": "Editor’s note: Post From Community is the place for community announcements and event postings. If you have a community-oriented event you feel our readers would be interested in, please submit here. By Ald. Alex Brower, 3rd District – City of Milwaukee Alderman Alex Brower has introduced file #260484 – communication from We Energies and other agencies relating to rate", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "JOB", "value": "Editor"}, {"start": 15, "end": 34, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Post From Community"}, {"start": 203, "end": 207, "label": "JOB", "value": "Ald."}, {"start": 208, "end": 219, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alex Brower"}, {"start": 221, "end": 233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "3rd District"}, {"start": 236, "end": 253, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "City of Milwaukee"}, {"start": 254, "end": 262, "label": "JOB", "value": "Alderman"}, {"start": 263, "end": 274, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alex Brower"}, {"start": 324, "end": 335, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "We Energies"}]}
{"unique_index": 20009, "source_text": "After Horizon Robotics released MotionKit, Samuel Mensah ordered 12 copies for its Prague office on February 8, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}, {"start": 32, "end": 41, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MotionKit"}, {"start": 43, "end": 56, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Samuel Mensah"}, {"start": 65, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 83, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Prague"}, {"start": 100, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 8, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20141, "source_text": "The Cedar Hall office belongs to Urban Safety Council, not Unity Legal Clinic, said public defender Diego Ferreira. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 14, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cedar Hall"}, {"start": 33, "end": 53, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Urban Safety Council"}, {"start": 59, "end": 77, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Unity Legal Clinic"}, {"start": 84, "end": 99, "label": "JOB", "value": "public defender"}, {"start": 100, "end": 114, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Diego Ferreira"}]}
{"unique_index": 312, "source_text": "The bills enact a new rate setting process for data centers, boost state oversight of some transmission projects, and lower utility profits.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 616, "source_text": "Wildberries has stopped displaying military-related goods in search results for the terms “everything for the SVO” and “SVO,” Ukrainian Telegram channels have reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 136, "end": 144, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}]}
{"unique_index": 525, "source_text": "On July 20, the day the CJP-led ‘Sansad Chalo’ protest-march saw clashes between youth protesters and security personnel in Delhi, News18 published a report at 10 pm titled, ‘Naseeruddin Shah Reaches Jantar Mantar With Sons Imaad, Vivaan Amid CJP Protest’. The report was based on a viral clip being circulated on social media showing Naseeruddin", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 20"}, {"start": 102, "end": 120, "label": "JOB", "value": "security personnel"}, {"start": 124, "end": 129, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi"}, {"start": 131, "end": 137, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "News18"}, {"start": 160, "end": 165, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 pm"}, {"start": 175, "end": 254, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Naseeruddin Shah Reaches Jantar Mantar With Sons Imaad, Vivaan Amid CJP Protest"}, {"start": 335, "end": 346, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Naseeruddin"}]}
{"unique_index": 20033, "source_text": "Leo Andersen introduced ClearVote to 12 users at Civic Data Alliance during 12 weeks. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leo Andersen"}, {"start": 24, "end": 33, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ClearVote"}, {"start": 37, "end": 39, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 49, "end": 68, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Data Alliance"}, {"start": 76, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12 weeks"}]}
{"unique_index": 267, "source_text": "In the context of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to New Zealand in July 2026, a video featured in a news broadcast, showing PM Narendra Modi addressing a public gathering, is being shared on social media (here, here, here) with the claim that he said, “India is the second-largest beef producer in the world.” Let’s verify", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 32, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 33, "end": 46, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Narendra Modi"}, {"start": 58, "end": 69, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Zealand"}, {"start": 73, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2026"}, {"start": 130, "end": 132, "label": "JOB", "value": "PM"}, {"start": 133, "end": 146, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Narendra Modi"}, {"start": 259, "end": 264, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 2, "source_text": "Sure. Here's a few that might work: - Burglar's Grace: Right from Wrongdoing - Justice of Highwaymen: Kingly punishment - Vindication of Bandits: From Greed to Generosity - Pirates' Salvation: Atonement for Avarice - Rogue Liberation: Deliverance from Desire - Shadows' Amnesty: Enforced Absolution", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 76, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Burglar's Grace: Right from Wrongdoing"}, {"start": 79, "end": 119, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Justice of Highwaymen: Kingly punishment"}, {"start": 122, "end": 170, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Vindication of Bandits: From Greed to Generosity"}, {"start": 173, "end": 214, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pirates' Salvation: Atonement for Avarice"}, {"start": 217, "end": 258, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Rogue Liberation: Deliverance from Desire"}, {"start": 261, "end": 298, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Shadows' Amnesty: Enforced Absolution"}]}
{"unique_index": 20134, "source_text": "Miriam Cohen visited Old Town Library, then emailed Horizon Robotics from Warsaw on September 23, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Miriam Cohen"}, {"start": 21, "end": 37, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Old Town Library"}, {"start": 52, "end": 68, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Horizon Robotics"}, {"start": 74, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Warsaw"}, {"start": 84, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 23, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 113, "source_text": "Funding for USFS set to fall by 24% in fiscal year 2027. \"Morale is horrendous\" says a retired forest supervisor", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 16, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "USFS"}, {"start": 32, "end": 34, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 51, "end": 55, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 95, "end": 112, "label": "JOB", "value": "forest supervisor"}]}
{"unique_index": 20235, "source_text": "Silverline Studios published “Signals at Dawn”, while New Dawn Film Society released the companion app JadeStudio on March 21, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 30, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Signals at Dawn"}, {"start": 54, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "New Dawn Film Society"}, {"start": 103, "end": 113, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 117, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 21, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20055, "source_text": "Blue River Analytics renamed its tool InsightBoard; Peter Novak announced the change in Kigali on Tuesday afternoon. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 20, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}, {"start": 38, "end": 50, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "InsightBoard"}, {"start": 52, "end": 63, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Peter Novak"}, {"start": 88, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kigali"}, {"start": 98, "end": 115, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday afternoon"}]}
{"unique_index": 20061, "source_text": "Willow Creek Hospital evaluated QuickClinic with 12 test cases during 36 hours, according to Kwame Boateng. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}, {"start": 32, "end": 43, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "QuickClinic"}, {"start": 49, "end": 51, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 70, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "36 hours"}, {"start": 93, "end": 106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kwame Boateng"}]}
{"unique_index": 575, "source_text": "Russia’s Federal Security Service detained a Russian woman born in 1996 in Moscow, accusing her of trying to bomb a security officer’s car on assignment from Ukrainian intelligence, the FSB’s Public Relations Center announced.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 9, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Security Service"}, {"start": 67, "end": 71, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1996"}, {"start": 75, "end": 81, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 116, "end": 132, "label": "JOB", "value": "security officer"}, {"start": 186, "end": 189, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FSB"}, {"start": 192, "end": 215, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Public Relations Center"}]}
{"unique_index": 145, "source_text": "From La Guaira to affected communities nationwide, these Venezuelan voices are documenting the disaster and helping people find reliable information.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 14, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "La Guaira"}]}
{"unique_index": 20077, "source_text": "The clinical researcher, Joseph Kamau, briefed Meridian Health Network at 11:20 a.m. on Monday morning. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 23, "label": "JOB", "value": "clinical researcher"}, {"start": 25, "end": 37, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph Kamau"}, {"start": 47, "end": 70, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meridian Health Network"}, {"start": 74, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11:20 a.m."}, {"start": 88, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 20031, "source_text": "Ravi Patel introduced MetroFlow to 12 users at Greenfield Transit Authority during six hours. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ravi Patel"}, {"start": 22, "end": 31, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MetroFlow"}, {"start": 35, "end": 37, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 47, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenfield Transit Authority"}, {"start": 83, "end": 92, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 278, "source_text": "Search the latest reports to see how Wisconsin counties and municipalities are spending opioid settlement funds — and where millions remain unspent.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 46, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wisconsin"}, {"start": 124, "end": 132, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 115, "source_text": "The Army Corps of Engineers is deploying new technology to assist the movement of migrating fish", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 27, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Army Corps of Engineers"}]}
{"unique_index": 158, "source_text": "By Julia Roeder Researchers say ticks are spreading to communities across the Midwest and show no signs of slowing down.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 15, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Julia Roeder"}, {"start": 16, "end": 27, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 78, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Midwest"}]}
{"unique_index": 564, "source_text": "Milwaukee Public Schools needs to cut $3.5 million in transportation costs to align with the budget. Here’s what it’s considering and how you can have a say in it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 24, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Milwaukee Public Schools"}, {"start": 39, "end": 50, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.5 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 504, "source_text": "Russia’s Supreme Court has designated the hacker groups “Cyber Partisans BY” and Silent Crow as “extremist organizations,” acting on a request from the Prosecutor General’s Office.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 9, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 57, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cyber Partisans BY"}, {"start": 81, "end": 92, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silent Crow"}, {"start": 152, "end": 179, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Prosecutor General’s Office"}]}
{"unique_index": 620, "source_text": "Last week, amid the roar of young voices asking for accountability, amid the courage of their songs and the humour of their memes, there was the usual absence of support from government officials and business leaders. But this time there was also an eerie silence from an extremely important segment of the country: the nonprofits. Some of us in the team spent the week on social media scouring the handles of nonprofits, especially those who work with the youth, to find out what they were doing for the people they serve. And we could count on half a hand the number of organisations who had put out even a single post, story, or tweet supporting the protests, leave alone providing tools and advice to the youth who were standing up to a powerful government. We—who do not hesitate to ask the world of everyone, who berate governments, businesses, philanthropists, and patriarchal communities for not doing enough—were nowhere in the picture. We, who claim to be the drivers of social change,", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last week"}, {"start": 175, "end": 195, "label": "JOB", "value": "government officials"}, {"start": 200, "end": 216, "label": "JOB", "value": "business leaders"}, {"start": 365, "end": 369, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "week"}, {"start": 546, "end": 550, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 609, "end": 615, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "single"}, {"start": 851, "end": 866, "label": "JOB", "value": "philanthropists"}]}
{"unique_index": 63, "source_text": "Made plans to head over to Lucky Strike after hearing about it (3) times in one week: my girlfriend went with her work, it was highlighted on \\\"Undercover Boss\\\" and again on E's Kendra... it was time. We went on Friday, about 8pm and it was packed... but we didn't mind. We checked in and they said it would be about 2 hours until we got a lane... no problem, we grabbed a drink (me, a Coppola cab - the fiance, a Kiltlifter). His beer was fine, but the cab was SKUNKY. I let the bartender know and he swiftly opened a new bottle sans tude... I liked that.\\nWe were waiting for (2) friends who arrived about 15 minutes later... about 10 minutes after that our buzzer alerted us the lane was open (so the (2) hour wait was really closer to 30 minutes. Not bad!\\nThe atmosphere is super clubby, almost in a bizarre way. They have bouncers at the door and you literally get turned away if you don't meet the dress standards (no hoodies, baggy clothes or hats). Kinda weird, but in a way I get what they are trying to do.\\nThe alley part is dark, with lounge style seating and super loud music. Very fun for bowling, but not ideal for convos. They have a little bar area with a DJ which is a bit quieter. \\nWe had apps, but they have a full menu. The pretzel dippers and boneless chicken wings were very tasty. \\nEveryone had a great time, we'll definitely go again!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 39, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lucky Strike"}, {"start": 64, "end": 65, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 76, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one week"}, {"start": 144, "end": 159, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Undercover Boss"}, {"start": 175, "end": 176, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "E"}, {"start": 179, "end": 185, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kendra"}, {"start": 213, "end": 219, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday"}, {"start": 227, "end": 230, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "8pm"}, {"start": 318, "end": 325, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2 hours"}, {"start": 387, "end": 394, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Coppola"}, {"start": 415, "end": 425, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Kiltlifter"}, {"start": 481, "end": 490, "label": "JOB", "value": "bartender"}, {"start": 580, "end": 581, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2"}, {"start": 609, "end": 625, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 minutes later"}, {"start": 635, "end": 656, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 minutes after that"}, {"start": 740, "end": 750, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30 minutes"}, {"start": 829, "end": 837, "label": "JOB", "value": "bouncers"}, {"start": 1175, "end": 1177, "label": "JOB", "value": "DJ"}]}
{"unique_index": 20226, "source_text": "“The Community Signal” is a documentary distributed by Silverline Studios; Mei Lin watched it in Central Market Square on February 8, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1, "end": 21, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Community Signal"}, {"start": 55, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 75, "end": 82, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mei Lin"}, {"start": 97, "end": 118, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Market Square"}, {"start": 122, "end": 138, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 8, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 558, "source_text": "Attracted by a backyard conservation boom, houdini flies are threatening bee populations", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20160, "source_text": "Alpine Energy Cooperative and Helios Manufacturing signed an agreement in Harbor Conference Center after two hours of talks led by Amara Diallo. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 25, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alpine Energy Cooperative"}, {"start": 30, "end": 50, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}, {"start": 74, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Harbor Conference Center"}, {"start": 105, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two hours"}, {"start": 131, "end": 143, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amara Diallo"}]}
{"unique_index": 438, "source_text": "The victims’ families testified in court for the first time: \"We want justice served. Even though their killers are no longer here, I want the truth known.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 59, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "first time"}]}
{"unique_index": 20247, "source_text": "Silverline Studios streamed “The Second Sunrise” to 2,500 viewers using JadeStudio for six months. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 29, "end": 47, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Second Sunrise"}, {"start": 52, "end": 57, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,500"}, {"start": 72, "end": 82, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 87, "end": 97, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}]}
{"unique_index": 67, "source_text": "\"You need this reckless guy here. Rent in Hell's Kitchen ain't cheap like it used to be. How's the *'aspiring actress'* thing going?\" Mary was mad, it was a sore spot for her. \"With the health restrictions winding down, I'm sure I'll find something. Besides, I put so much of what I make into making this apartment work. You party away all the money you make from finance, you're lucky I've been making you save some of it. It's almost comical, a forex trader needing finance advice from a 'broke actor'. Without me you'd start using your credit card for Rolexes and cognac and be up to your eyeballs in debt to impress your shallow friends.\" Bob's voice was muffled now, his face down in the couch, Mary could hardly make out what he was saying: \"If you're going to hen-peck me so much, we should at least get married. It'll be good for the tax benefits.\" At the suggestion of marriage Sally turned bright red, Sally did *care* for Bob, but not to that degree, and the two had never been romantically involved. \"I, you, I--\" she stammered out, a mixture of mad and embarrassed. She was interrupted by loud snoring, Bob had fallen into a deep sleep.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 110, "end": 117, "label": "JOB", "value": "actress"}, {"start": 134, "end": 138, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mary"}, {"start": 447, "end": 459, "label": "JOB", "value": "forex trader"}, {"start": 497, "end": 502, "label": "JOB", "value": "actor"}, {"start": 555, "end": 562, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Rolexes"}, {"start": 643, "end": 646, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bob"}, {"start": 667, "end": 670, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 700, "end": 704, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mary"}, {"start": 887, "end": 892, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sally"}, {"start": 912, "end": 917, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sally"}, {"start": 933, "end": 936, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bob"}, {"start": 970, "end": 973, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1119, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bob"}]}
{"unique_index": 20246, "source_text": "Sunrise Media Group streamed “The Open Window” to 2.3 million viewers using NimbusNote for three years. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 30, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Open Window"}, {"start": 50, "end": 61, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.3 million"}, {"start": 76, "end": 86, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 91, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20241, "source_text": "At 3:25 p.m., research librarian Diego Ferreira reviewed “Anatomy of a Rumor” on EchoReader from Cedar Hall. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3:25 p.m."}, {"start": 14, "end": 32, "label": "JOB", "value": "research librarian"}, {"start": 33, "end": 47, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Diego Ferreira"}, {"start": 58, "end": 76, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Anatomy of a Rumor"}, {"start": 81, "end": 91, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "EchoReader"}, {"start": 97, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cedar Hall"}]}
{"unique_index": 20025, "source_text": "In Bergen, Kenji Tanaka used NimbusNote to present “A Manual for Tomorrow” to Sunrise Media Group. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bergen"}, {"start": 11, "end": 23, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kenji Tanaka"}, {"start": 29, "end": 39, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 52, "end": 73, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Manual for Tomorrow"}, {"start": 78, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}]}
{"unique_index": 540, "source_text": "Residents in need of support can now apply for FEMA individual assistance in person at a Disaster Recovery Center, or for low-interest loans at a Business Recovery Center.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 33, "end": 36, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 47, "end": 51, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FEMA"}, {"start": 89, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Disaster Recovery Center"}, {"start": 146, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Business Recovery Center"}]}
{"unique_index": 304, "source_text": "DC Council Punts Wealth Tax Debate to the Fall. The fight for a wealth proceeds tax in Washington, DC lives on, at least for now. Instead of floating a proposal during this summer’s budget hearings, outgoing DC City Councilmember Brianne Nadeau said she will introduce the measure next month so that the city council can consider it during a September tax and revenue hearing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 46, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "DC Council Punts Wealth Tax Debate to the Fall"}, {"start": 87, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Washington, DC"}, {"start": 125, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 173, "end": 179, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}, {"start": 208, "end": 229, "label": "JOB", "value": "DC City Councilmember"}, {"start": 230, "end": 244, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Brianne Nadeau"}, {"start": 281, "end": 291, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next month"}, {"start": 342, "end": 351, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September"}]}
{"unique_index": 48, "source_text": "Dear Dan Riley Sanford , your Senior Quality Associate in Paradigm has been invaluable in improving the school 's nutrition program. We appreciate your effort.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 22, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dan Riley Sanford"}, {"start": 30, "end": 54, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senior Quality Associate"}, {"start": 58, "end": 66, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Paradigm"}]}
{"unique_index": 618, "source_text": "A video is viral on social media, depicting a few men atop a fire service truck, pelting some objects at a crowd while police stand nearby. Text written in Bengali, which translates to “Media will now say that those [objects] were tomatoes, not stones”, is superimposed on the viral clip. Many social media users have", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 49, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 197, "end": 200, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 289, "end": 293, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 583, "source_text": "The annual conference is part of The Combine’s overall mission in growing the state’s agtech ecosystem — encouraging the rise of new research and startups to transform the ag industry. Topics covered include data ownership and usage, raising capital, understanding customers and emphasizing the importance of people in a business journey.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annual"}, {"start": 33, "end": 44, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Combine"}]}
{"unique_index": 20198, "source_text": "At 8:45 a.m. on June 22, 2028, Zara Khan transferred EUR 1.8 million to Metro Water Laboratory. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "8:45 a.m."}, {"start": 16, "end": 29, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 22, 2028"}, {"start": 31, "end": 40, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zara Khan"}, {"start": 57, "end": 68, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.8 million"}, {"start": 72, "end": 94, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro Water Laboratory"}]}
{"unique_index": 318, "source_text": "Power and water use are well-known drawbacks. What about drawbacks from air pollution and heat islands?", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20139, "source_text": "Silverline Studios operates from Austin and employs 12 staff led by documentary filmmaker Marcus Reed. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 33, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Austin"}, {"start": 52, "end": 54, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 68, "end": 89, "label": "JOB", "value": "documentary filmmaker"}, {"start": 90, "end": 101, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marcus Reed"}]}
{"unique_index": 20125, "source_text": "Visitors gathered in Bergen while Northbridge Labs held its annual meeting there; Kenji Tanaka spoke at 1:05 p.m. on August 9, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 27, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bergen"}, {"start": 34, "end": 50, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Northbridge Labs"}, {"start": 82, "end": 94, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kenji Tanaka"}, {"start": 104, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1:05 p.m."}, {"start": 117, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 9, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20063, "source_text": "Lighthouse Education Trust evaluated LumenPad with 12 test cases during seven days, according to Adam Kowalski. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}, {"start": 37, "end": 45, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 51, "end": 53, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 72, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven days"}, {"start": 97, "end": 110, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Adam Kowalski"}]}
{"unique_index": 20188, "source_text": "The next day, Chloe Martin traveled from Aurora Convention Hall to Kigali in 15 minutes. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "The next day"}, {"start": 14, "end": 26, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chloe Martin"}, {"start": 41, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aurora Convention Hall"}, {"start": 67, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kigali"}, {"start": 77, "end": 87, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 minutes"}]}
{"unique_index": 20221, "source_text": "Clinical researcher Binta Sow tested PulseBand for Meridian Health Network on December 6, 2028. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "Clinical researcher"}, {"start": 20, "end": 29, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Binta Sow"}, {"start": 37, "end": 46, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "PulseBand"}, {"start": 51, "end": 74, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meridian Health Network"}, {"start": 78, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 6, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 20028, "source_text": "In Vancouver, Emily Carter used JadeStudio to present “The Patient Network” to Silverline Studios. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vancouver"}, {"start": 14, "end": 26, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily Carter"}, {"start": 32, "end": 42, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 55, "end": 74, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Patient Network"}, {"start": 79, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}]}
{"unique_index": 20189, "source_text": "The following morning, Marcus Reed traveled from Austin to Auckland in three days. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "The following morning"}, {"start": 23, "end": 34, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marcus Reed"}, {"start": 49, "end": 55, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Austin"}, {"start": 59, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Auckland"}, {"start": 71, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three days"}]}
{"unique_index": 342, "source_text": "A video shows a man allegedly engaging in obscene behaviour in front of two young women on a bus, after which one of them assaults him. The video is claimed to be from Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh, and is being shared with the claim (here, here, and here) that the accused is a Muslim named", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 72, "end": 75, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 110, "end": 113, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 168, "end": 173, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sagar"}, {"start": 184, "end": 198, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Madhya Pradesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 148, "source_text": "New international frameworks should recognize those displaced by climate change and those at risk of statelessness, and should offer them some form of access to citizenship and safe resettlement.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 456, "source_text": "The Fight Against Contemporary Fascism: Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the role of activism. Rising neo-fascist tendencies are sweeping Europe, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian activist groups, however, are prepared to resist even the most covert forms.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 95, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Fight Against Contemporary Fascism: Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the role of activism"}, {"start": 140, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 158, "end": 180, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"}]}
{"unique_index": 539, "source_text": "Volodymyr Zelensky has appointed General Mykhailo Drapatyi as Ukraine’s new commander-in-chief. He replaces General Oleksandr Syrskyi, whom Zelensky dismissed at the height of a political crisis: Mykhailo Fedorov, who had also been dismissed as defense minister days earlier, had accused Syrskyi of scheming and blocking military reforms. Protests in support of Fedorov broke out in Kyiv and other major Ukrainian cities, and demonstrators demanded Syrskyi’s removal as well. Ukrainian journalist Kostiantyn Skorkin explains who Drapatyi is and why his appointment is not simply a concession to the protesters.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 33, "end": 40, "label": "JOB", "value": "General"}, {"start": 41, "end": 58, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Drapatyi"}, {"start": 62, "end": 69, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 76, "end": 94, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander-in-chief"}, {"start": 108, "end": 115, "label": "JOB", "value": "General"}, {"start": 116, "end": 133, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oleksandr Syrskyi"}, {"start": 140, "end": 148, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zelensky"}, {"start": 196, "end": 212, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Fedorov"}, {"start": 245, "end": 261, "label": "JOB", "value": "defense minister"}, {"start": 262, "end": 274, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "days earlier"}, {"start": 288, "end": 295, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syrskyi"}, {"start": 383, "end": 387, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyiv"}, {"start": 449, "end": 456, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syrskyi"}, {"start": 486, "end": 496, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 497, "end": 515, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kostiantyn Skorkin"}, {"start": 529, "end": 537, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Drapatyi"}]}
{"unique_index": 89, "source_text": "Professional Achievements: Designed 150 period-authentic costumes for Royal Opera House 's 2019 production, managing a budget of 2.5million dollars Led a costume team of 25 costume artisans at International Fashion Studio , Milan Received Costume Designers Guild Excellence Award ( 2018 ) for innovative use of 500 yards of sustainable materials", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 39, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "150"}, {"start": 70, "end": 87, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Royal Opera House"}, {"start": 91, "end": 95, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 129, "end": 139, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.5million"}, {"start": 170, "end": 172, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 173, "end": 189, "label": "JOB", "value": "costume artisans"}, {"start": 193, "end": 221, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Fashion Studio"}, {"start": 224, "end": 229, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milan"}, {"start": 239, "end": 262, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Costume Designers Guild"}, {"start": 282, "end": 286, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 311, "end": 314, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}]}
{"unique_index": 135, "source_text": "TL;DR The daycare abuse case at Capgemini in Bengaluru, an unlisted company with no disclosure obligations, exposed a wider pattern: among India’s largest listed companies, BRSR filings show daycare coverage varies widely and inconsistently across sectors, genders, and employment categories. Some firms (Infosys, SBI, Steel Authority of India, MRF) report zero coverage every year; others swing", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 32, "end": 41, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Capgemini"}, {"start": 45, "end": 54, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bengaluru"}, {"start": 139, "end": 144, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 305, "end": 312, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Infosys"}, {"start": 314, "end": 317, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SBI"}, {"start": 319, "end": 343, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Steel Authority of India"}, {"start": 345, "end": 348, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MRF"}, {"start": 357, "end": 361, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 371, "end": 381, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every year"}]}
{"unique_index": 82, "source_text": "Dr. Michael James Thompson joined our weekly parent meditation circle at Harmony House , located in Northern California , he brought valuable insights from his spiritual psychology background . Parents paid 75 dollars per session , making mindfulness instruction accessible for 12 families in our community .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 26, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michael James Thompson"}, {"start": 38, "end": 44, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weekly"}, {"start": 73, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Harmony House"}, {"start": 100, "end": 119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Northern California"}, {"start": 207, "end": 209, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 278, "end": 280, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}]}
{"unique_index": 625, "source_text": "AFRICA/ZIMBABWE - Confirmation of the Director of the Pontifical Mission Societies. Vatican City - On June 10, 2026, Cardinal Luis Antonio G. Tagle, Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization , confirmed Fr. Kizito Takaendesa Nhundu, of the clergy of the Archdiocese of Harare, as National Director of the Pontifical Mission Societies in Zimbabwe for the five-year term 2026-2031", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AFRICA/ZIMBABWE - Confirmation of the Director of the Pontifical Mission Societies"}, {"start": 84, "end": 96, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vatican City"}, {"start": 102, "end": 115, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 10, 2026"}, {"start": 117, "end": 125, "label": "JOB", "value": "Cardinal"}, {"start": 126, "end": 147, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Luis Antonio G. Tagle"}, {"start": 149, "end": 160, "label": "JOB", "value": "Pro-Prefect"}, {"start": 168, "end": 196, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dicastery for Evangelization"}, {"start": 209, "end": 212, "label": "JOB", "value": "Fr."}, {"start": 213, "end": 237, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kizito Takaendesa Nhundu"}, {"start": 260, "end": 281, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Archdiocese of Harare"}, {"start": 286, "end": 303, "label": "JOB", "value": "National Director"}, {"start": 311, "end": 339, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pontifical Mission Societies"}, {"start": 343, "end": 351, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zimbabwe"}, {"start": 360, "end": 369, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five-year"}, {"start": 375, "end": 384, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026-2031"}]}
{"unique_index": 548, "source_text": "Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio met on the sidelines of the ASEAN summit in Manila, the Philippines, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 24, "label": "JOB", "value": "Foreign Minister"}, {"start": 25, "end": 38, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sergey Lavrov"}, {"start": 43, "end": 47, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 48, "end": 66, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary of State"}, {"start": 67, "end": 78, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marco Rubio"}, {"start": 107, "end": 112, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ASEAN"}, {"start": 123, "end": 129, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Manila"}, {"start": 135, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Philippines"}, {"start": 148, "end": 172, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Russian Foreign Ministry"}, {"start": 173, "end": 185, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokesperson"}, {"start": 186, "end": 201, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria Zakharova"}]}
{"unique_index": 20064, "source_text": "Silverline Studios evaluated JadeStudio with 12 test cases during five days, according to Arjun Mehta. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 29, "end": 39, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 45, "end": 47, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 66, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five days"}, {"start": 90, "end": 101, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Arjun Mehta"}]}
{"unique_index": 477, "source_text": "As authorities crack down on alleged scam operations in Thmor Da SEZ, long-running disputes over protected forest loss, land concessions and displacement remain unresolved", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thmor Da SEZ"}]}
{"unique_index": 574, "source_text": "It is very difficult for the Japanese-Filipino children to locate their Japanese fathers. Despite NGOs’ help, many suffer the pain of “endless waiting,” frustrations, and anxieties.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20206, "source_text": "Yara Nasser opened the meeting for Greenfield Transit Authority as its transit planner in Auckland at 6:40 p.m. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yara Nasser"}, {"start": 35, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenfield Transit Authority"}, {"start": 71, "end": 86, "label": "JOB", "value": "transit planner"}, {"start": 90, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Auckland"}, {"start": 102, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6:40 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 131, "source_text": "In contrast to sight, which is traditionally linked to reason, olfactory knowledge has long been dismissed and left largely unprotected. In recent years, however, researchers have been working to document and preserve this fragile heritage – and, in some cases, to resurrect vanished scents.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 140, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "recent years"}, {"start": 163, "end": 174, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}]}
{"unique_index": 258, "source_text": "The alleged kidnapping and gangrape of a 13-year-old girl in Rajasthan’s Sri Ganganagar district has sparked widespread outrage. According to the Rajasthan Police, 21 accused have now been arrested, while the investigation remains ongoing. Authorities have also demolished hotels allegedly linked to the crime as part of an administrative action. Separately, the National Commission for", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 52, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "13-year-old"}, {"start": 61, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rajasthan"}, {"start": 73, "end": 87, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Ganganagar"}, {"start": 146, "end": 162, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rajasthan Police"}, {"start": 164, "end": 166, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21"}, {"start": 180, "end": 183, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 543, "source_text": "In 2023, an Indian intelligence agent identified in U.S. court filings only as “CC-1” reached out over encrypted messaging to Nikhil Gupta, an Indian national with a history in narcotics and weapons trafficking, and made him an offer: help arrange the assassination of a New York-based Sikh rights leader with dual Canadian-American citizenship, and CC-1 would make Gupta’s criminal case in Gujarat disappear.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 19, "end": 37, "label": "JOB", "value": "intelligence agent"}, {"start": 52, "end": 56, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 126, "end": 138, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nikhil Gupta"}, {"start": 271, "end": 279, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York"}, {"start": 291, "end": 304, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights leader"}, {"start": 366, "end": 371, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gupta"}, {"start": 391, "end": 398, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gujarat"}]}
{"unique_index": 20032, "source_text": "Fatima Zahra introduced NimbusNote to 12 users at Sunrise Media Group during two decades. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fatima Zahra"}, {"start": 24, "end": 34, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 38, "end": 40, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 50, "end": 69, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 77, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades"}]}
{"unique_index": 332, "source_text": "Held this weekend on Saturday and Sunday, the festival honors esteemed Mexican painter Frida Kahlo through vibrant art and local vendors.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this weekend"}, {"start": 21, "end": 29, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 34, "end": 40, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 87, "end": 98, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Frida Kahlo"}]}
{"unique_index": 631, "source_text": "Live Coverage: Hamilton City Council Public Works Committee. Road safety, pedestrian safety, public alleyway closures, and election year councillor motions. Follow along for live coverage.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Live Coverage: Hamilton City Council Public Works Committee"}]}
{"unique_index": 180, "source_text": "The International Criminal Court says it has made a significant breakthrough in its investigation into alleged atrocities committed during the war in Sudan, identifying evidence that could connect", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 32, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Criminal Court"}, {"start": 150, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}]}
{"unique_index": 289, "source_text": "Hamilton West-Ancaster-Dundas Town Hall on AI. HWAD Member of Parliament John-Paul Danko is hosting a town hall on the federal government's AI strategy. Follow along for live coverage.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hamilton West-Ancaster-Dundas Town Hall on AI"}, {"start": 47, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "HWAD"}, {"start": 52, "end": 72, "label": "JOB", "value": "Member of Parliament"}, {"start": 73, "end": 88, "label": "PERSON", "value": "John-Paul Danko"}]}
{"unique_index": 20137, "source_text": "Eastgate Public Library operates from Riverside Innovation Hub and employs 12 staff led by research librarian Noah Williams. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}, {"start": 38, "end": 62, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riverside Innovation Hub"}, {"start": 75, "end": 77, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 91, "end": 109, "label": "JOB", "value": "research librarian"}, {"start": 110, "end": 123, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Noah Williams"}]}
{"unique_index": 378, "source_text": "Mykhailo Fedorov, who spent six months as Ukraine’s defense minister, will not be reappointed to the new government. His departure came amid a broader reshuffling of Ukraine’s cabinet: on July 14, the Verkhovna Rada accepted the resignation of Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko, and the rest of the ministers automatically lost their posts. Some will keep their jobs, Ukrainska Pravda reported, but the government’s resignation also gave President Volodymyr Zelensky an occasion to settle the question of the “rebellious” Fedorov.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mykhailo Fedorov"}, {"start": 28, "end": 38, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}, {"start": 42, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 52, "end": 68, "label": "JOB", "value": "defense minister"}, {"start": 166, "end": 173, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 188, "end": 195, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 14"}, {"start": 201, "end": 215, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Verkhovna Rada"}, {"start": 244, "end": 258, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 259, "end": 275, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yulia Svyrydenko"}, {"start": 366, "end": 382, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ukrainska Pravda"}, {"start": 436, "end": 445, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 446, "end": 464, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volodymyr Zelensky"}, {"start": 520, "end": 527, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fedorov"}]}
{"unique_index": 326, "source_text": "Hudl announces its 19th acquisition, adding a fundraising solution to its tech suite for coaches. The Lincoln-based sportstech company has announced the acquisition of TeamUp, a fundraising platform built to make fundraisers more effective, organized and even gamified. The news comes after Hudl recently celebrated its 20th anniversary.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 96, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hudl announces its 19th acquisition, adding a fundraising solution to its tech suite for coaches"}, {"start": 168, "end": 174, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TeamUp"}, {"start": 291, "end": 295, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hudl"}, {"start": 320, "end": 336, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20th anniversary"}]}
{"unique_index": 20026, "source_text": "In Central Market Square, Mei Lin used EchoReader to present “The Community Signal” to Eastgate Public Library. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 24, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Market Square"}, {"start": 26, "end": 33, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mei Lin"}, {"start": 39, "end": 49, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "EchoReader"}, {"start": 62, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Community Signal"}, {"start": 87, "end": 110, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}]}
{"unique_index": 20072, "source_text": "Aisha Rahman works as public health nurse for Pacific Health Cooperative and supervises 12 staff in Summit Research Campus. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aisha Rahman"}, {"start": 22, "end": 41, "label": "JOB", "value": "public health nurse"}, {"start": 46, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Health Cooperative"}, {"start": 88, "end": 90, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 100, "end": 122, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Summit Research Campus"}]}
{"unique_index": 443, "source_text": "TL;DR The latest AISHE data shows that higher education enrolment in India has continued to increase, reaching 4.46 crore in 2023-24. While female participation and enrolment across all major social groups have grown over the past five years, differences remain in the gender composition of different institution types and programme levels. ContextThe Ministry of Education", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 22, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AISHE"}, {"start": 69, "end": 74, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 111, "end": 121, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.46 crore"}, {"start": 125, "end": 132, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023-24"}, {"start": 226, "end": 241, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past five years"}, {"start": 352, "end": 373, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Education"}]}
{"unique_index": 20153, "source_text": "Jonas Berg arrived in Lakeview Sports Arena before meeting Harborlight Foundation's community organizer at noon. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jonas Berg"}, {"start": 22, "end": 43, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lakeview Sports Arena"}, {"start": 59, "end": 81, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harborlight Foundation"}, {"start": 84, "end": 103, "label": "JOB", "value": "community organizer"}, {"start": 107, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "noon"}]}
{"unique_index": 97, "source_text": "Good over-the-counter antihistamines include Benadryl, Claritin, Chlor-Trimeton, Clarinex, Allegra, and Zyrtec, among others. For nasal decongestants, you might be interested in Afrin, Sudafed, and store brands OTC nasal sprays.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 53, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Benadryl"}, {"start": 55, "end": 63, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claritin"}, {"start": 65, "end": 79, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Chlor-Trimeton"}, {"start": 81, "end": 89, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Clarinex"}, {"start": 91, "end": 98, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Allegra"}, {"start": 104, "end": 110, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Zyrtec"}, {"start": 178, "end": 183, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Afrin"}, {"start": 185, "end": 192, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Sudafed"}]}
{"unique_index": 20249, "source_text": "Silverline Studios streamed “Maps We Inherit” to 12 viewers using JadeStudio for three days. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 29, "end": 44, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Maps We Inherit"}, {"start": 49, "end": 51, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 66, "end": 76, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 81, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three days"}]}
{"unique_index": 87, "source_text": "Diversity Rates in Mercer County, West Virginia Evaluation Essay Diversity rates are an essential indicator of the relationships between the members of the society, as well as the existence of ethnicity or race related stereotypes. It is crucial that the voice of every single member of the society should be heard, which is hardly possible once certain community is underrepresented in the society, be it a specific ethnicity, nationality, or gender. While introducing more diversity into a specific society, where a certain minority experiences considerable difficulties in becoming the members of a community is hardly possible, facilitating the environment, in which this minority can feel appreciated is quite practicable. Though the research of the data regarding the Mercer County diversity concerns mostly its education establishments, particularly, local schools, the information obtained in the course of the research gives a lot of food for thoughts. As the data acquired from ZIPskinny shows, Black and Asian people are underrepresented in the community considerably, Athens (one of Mercer's biggest communities) having only 3.5% and 1.4% of the aforementioned ethnicities in the community correspondingly ( The skinny on: 24712 (Athens WV) , 2000). The rates of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, as well as the Native American one, are close to 0% in most of the county's communities ( Communities in West Virginia , 2000). These rather surprising results indicate that the members of the county might have tangible communication problems in case of conversing with the representatives of other cultures.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 64, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Diversity Rates in Mercer County, West Virginia Evaluation Essay"}, {"start": 774, "end": 787, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mercer County"}, {"start": 988, "end": 997, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ZIPskinny"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1086, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Athens"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1091, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mercer"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1140, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.5"}, {"start": 1146, "end": 1149, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.4"}, {"start": 1220, "end": 1252, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The skinny on: 24712 (Athens WV)"}, {"start": 1255, "end": 1259, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2000"}, {"start": 1351, "end": 1352, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0"}, {"start": 1392, "end": 1420, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Communities in West Virginia"}, {"start": 1423, "end": 1427, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2000"}]}
{"unique_index": 100, "source_text": "Vatican City - The Holy Father, Leo XIV, has appointed the Most Reverend Vincent Lawrence Mpwaji, of the clergy of the same archdiocese, currently Diocesan Chancellor, as Auxiliary Bishop of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dar-es-Salaam, assigning him the titular see of Tacarata in Numidia.Vincent Lawrence Mpwaji was born on June 5, 1978, in Morogoro, Tanzania. He studied philosophy at St. Anthony of Padua in Bukoba and theology at St. Charles Lwanga in Dar-es-Salaam. He was ordained a priest on July 7, 2008.He has held the following positions and completed further studies: Diocesan Secretary, Secretary for Education, and Notary of the Archdiocesan Tribunal ; Doctorate in Dogmatic Theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome ; member of the Archdiocesan Projects Committee ; since 2021, Chancellor of the Archdiocese and Deputy Parish Priest of St. Joseph Cathedral in Dar-es-Salaam.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vatican City"}, {"start": 15, "end": 30, "label": "JOB", "value": "The Holy Father"}, {"start": 32, "end": 39, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leo XIV"}, {"start": 59, "end": 72, "label": "JOB", "value": "Most Reverend"}, {"start": 73, "end": 96, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vincent Lawrence Mpwaji"}, {"start": 137, "end": 146, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 147, "end": 166, "label": "JOB", "value": "Diocesan Chancellor"}, {"start": 171, "end": 187, "label": "JOB", "value": "Auxiliary Bishop"}, {"start": 195, "end": 236, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dar-es-Salaam"}, {"start": 271, "end": 279, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tacarata"}, {"start": 283, "end": 290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Numidia"}, {"start": 291, "end": 314, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vincent Lawrence Mpwaji"}, {"start": 327, "end": 339, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 5, 1978"}, {"start": 344, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morogoro"}, {"start": 354, "end": 362, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tanzania"}, {"start": 389, "end": 409, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "St. Anthony of Padua"}, {"start": 413, "end": 419, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bukoba"}, {"start": 436, "end": 454, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "St. Charles Lwanga"}, {"start": 458, "end": 471, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dar-es-Salaam"}, {"start": 491, "end": 497, "label": "JOB", "value": "priest"}, {"start": 501, "end": 513, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 7, 2008"}, {"start": 581, "end": 599, "label": "JOB", "value": "Diocesan Secretary"}, {"start": 601, "end": 624, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary for Education"}, {"start": 630, "end": 636, "label": "JOB", "value": "Notary"}, {"start": 644, "end": 665, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Archdiocesan Tribunal"}, {"start": 708, "end": 739, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pontifical Gregorian University"}, {"start": 743, "end": 747, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rome"}, {"start": 764, "end": 795, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Archdiocesan Projects Committee"}, {"start": 804, "end": 808, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 810, "end": 820, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chancellor"}, {"start": 844, "end": 864, "label": "JOB", "value": "Deputy Parish Priest"}, {"start": 868, "end": 888, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "St. Joseph Cathedral"}, {"start": 892, "end": 905, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dar-es-Salaam"}]}
{"unique_index": 8, "source_text": "This is trying too hard and is way over the top. Not the worst track, but close. Grief : Tight, rolling riffs, perfect drums, in synch bass line. I tried to like the vocals, but I can't. Ryoujoku no Ame : You could get pregnant from the opening; it's that sexy. Kyo has some nice, urgent singing; and then there's a smoldering guitar interlude leading to a….mess, unfortunately. Disabled Complexes : Sex music again; I don't think DEG has had any make-out music before this CD. At 1:35 seconds in, all hell breaks loose. Kyo is being strangled, I think. Rotting Root : This is distortion done right; absolutely killer track. What a riff! All over the place but it somehow fits together. Namamekashiki Ansoku, Tamerai ni Hohoemih : How old were they here? Kyo croons with a maturity far beyond his years, and that gut wrenching wail can bring you to your knees. Die's acoustic is breathtaking while Shinya keeps the pace with some lovely shimmering cymbals and understated drum lines. This is as gorgeous as Rinkaku will be. The Pledge : Wow. Someone's heart was broken here. The lyrics are an anguished pleading for a second chance. This was another song I needed to hear a few times to appreciate. The last three songs are truly hateful , vile and anything but clever , but I think that's their point.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 81, "end": 86, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Grief"}, {"start": 187, "end": 202, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ryoujoku no Ame"}, {"start": 262, "end": 265, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyo"}, {"start": 379, "end": 397, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Disabled Complexes"}, {"start": 431, "end": 434, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DEG"}, {"start": 481, "end": 493, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1:35 seconds"}, {"start": 521, "end": 524, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyo"}, {"start": 554, "end": 566, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Rotting Root"}, {"start": 687, "end": 728, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Namamekashiki Ansoku, Tamerai ni Hohoemih"}, {"start": 755, "end": 758, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyo"}, {"start": 861, "end": 864, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Die"}, {"start": 898, "end": 904, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shinya"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1014, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Rinkaku"}, {"start": 1024, "end": 1034, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Pledge"}, {"start": 1208, "end": 1213, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 20222, "source_text": "Climate scientist Aisha Rahman tested ScoutLens for Atlas Research Institute on May 19, 2027. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "Climate scientist"}, {"start": 18, "end": 30, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aisha Rahman"}, {"start": 38, "end": 47, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ScoutLens"}, {"start": 52, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlas Research Institute"}, {"start": 80, "end": 92, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 316, "source_text": "Protecting young athletes from dangerous heat. More extremely hot days increase the danger of heat-related illnesses for youth playing or practicing outside in New Jersey.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Protecting young athletes from dangerous heat"}, {"start": 160, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Jersey"}]}
{"unique_index": 25, "source_text": "blizzard entertainment may , in its sole and absolute discretion , take whatever action it deems necessary to preserve the integrity of world of warcraft .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "blizzard entertainment"}, {"start": 136, "end": 153, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "world of warcraft"}]}
{"unique_index": 453, "source_text": "Russian forces kill 3, including child, and wound more than 40 in strike on Zaporizhzhia. Russian forces struck Zaporizhzhia with guided aerial bombs on the evening of July 19, partially destroying a residential building, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine reported.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Russian forces kill 3, including child, and wound more than 40 in strike on Zaporizhzhia"}, {"start": 112, "end": 124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zaporizhzhia"}, {"start": 157, "end": 175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "evening of July 19"}, {"start": 226, "end": 260, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Emergency Service of Ukraine"}]}
{"unique_index": 20203, "source_text": "Harborlight Foundation announced that CivicTrack would launch in Lakeview Sports Arena on October 2, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harborlight Foundation"}, {"start": 38, "end": 48, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "CivicTrack"}, {"start": 65, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lakeview Sports Arena"}, {"start": 90, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 310, "source_text": "Ambitious plans to provide tax breaks to build data centers in New Jersey have run up against rising energy costs and opposition from local communities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Jersey"}]}
{"unique_index": 339, "source_text": "Russian forces struck Kyiv with missiles in the early hours of July 16, the head of the city’s military administration, Tymur Tkachenko, reported. The attack killed two people and wounded six others, including a 16-year-old, Mayor Vitaliy Klitschko said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 26, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyiv"}, {"start": 48, "end": 70, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early hours of July 16"}, {"start": 76, "end": 80, "label": "JOB", "value": "head"}, {"start": 120, "end": 135, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tymur Tkachenko"}, {"start": 165, "end": 168, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 188, "end": 191, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 212, "end": 223, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16-year-old"}, {"start": 225, "end": 230, "label": "JOB", "value": "Mayor"}, {"start": 231, "end": 248, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vitaliy Klitschko"}]}
{"unique_index": 161, "source_text": "By Kyrmyzy Turebayeva For Jim Daniels the Rust Belt is defined by people, working families, factory neighborhoods, highways leading north toward the Great Lakes and memories that stay with a person for a lifetime. These themes run throughout his new poetry collection, “Late Invocation for Magic.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 21, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyrmyzy Turebayeva"}, {"start": 26, "end": 37, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jim Daniels"}, {"start": 42, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rust Belt"}, {"start": 149, "end": 160, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Lakes"}, {"start": 270, "end": 295, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Late Invocation for Magic"}]}
{"unique_index": 602, "source_text": "Canada fundamentally changed how immigration consultants enter the profession, replacing a licensing model centred primarily on examinations with graduate-level education, competency-based assessment and enhanced ethical training. Five years on, what has changed – and what hasn’t?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 231, "end": 244, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Five years on"}]}
{"unique_index": 20029, "source_text": "In Marrakesh, Daniel Okafor used JadeStudio to present “The Memory Archive” to Maple Arts Collective. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Marrakesh"}, {"start": 14, "end": 27, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Okafor"}, {"start": 33, "end": 43, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 56, "end": 74, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Memory Archive"}, {"start": 79, "end": 100, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}]}
{"unique_index": 586, "source_text": "New prize rewards making public records truly public. Dear Friend of Press Freedom:One of the most important press freedom cases in the country deserves far more attention: Journalist Catherine Herridge has paid at least $4,000 in fines for refusing to reveal a confidential source, and she’ll owe even more unless the Supreme Court steps in. Plus: a new award for public records reporting, and the Justice Department’s subpoenas to The New York Times go down in flames. New prize rewards making public records truly publicAre you a journalist who uses the Freedom of Information Act in your reporting? You could win $25,000.This week, Freedom of the Press Foundation (FPF) launched the Penlight Prize, honoring outstanding paywall-free reporting based on public records. Inspired by our partnership with Wired to drop paywalls for articles based on public records — a huge success for that outlet — the award recognizes journalism that makes publicly funded documents and the reporting based on them available to everyone, not just subscribers.We hope this award encourages more journalists to use FOIA and more news outlets to unlock their articles built on public records.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 52, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "New prize rewards making public records truly public"}, {"start": 83, "end": 86, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 173, "end": 183, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalist"}, {"start": 184, "end": 202, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Catherine Herridge"}, {"start": 222, "end": 227, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,000"}, {"start": 319, "end": 332, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 399, "end": 417, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Justice Department"}, {"start": 433, "end": 451, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The New York Times"}, {"start": 471, "end": 523, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "New prize rewards making public records truly public"}, {"start": 533, "end": 543, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 618, "end": 624, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25,000"}, {"start": 625, "end": 634, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This week"}, {"start": 636, "end": 667, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Freedom of the Press Foundation"}, {"start": 669, "end": 672, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FPF"}, {"start": 805, "end": 810, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wired"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1091, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20090, "source_text": "After ten weeks, urban ecologist Nadia Hussein left Redwood Climate Center for a role in Riga. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten weeks"}, {"start": 17, "end": 32, "label": "JOB", "value": "urban ecologist"}, {"start": 33, "end": 46, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nadia Hussein"}, {"start": 52, "end": 74, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Redwood Climate Center"}, {"start": 89, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riga"}]}
{"unique_index": 20131, "source_text": "Ravi Patel visited Lisbon, then emailed Greenfield Transit Authority from Montreal on Sunday evening. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ravi Patel"}, {"start": 19, "end": 25, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lisbon"}, {"start": 40, "end": 68, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenfield Transit Authority"}, {"start": 74, "end": 82, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Montreal"}, {"start": 86, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 419, "source_text": "Two Russian citizens detained at Istanbul’s Hagia Sophia for reading the Bible flew home to Russia on the evening of July 17, Russia’s state news agency TASS reported, citing the Russian Consulate General in Istanbul. The diplomatic mission confirmed that the Filonovs had departed for Moscow on a scheduled flight at 7:50 p.m. local time.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 33, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Istanbul"}, {"start": 44, "end": 56, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hagia Sophia"}, {"start": 73, "end": 78, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bible"}, {"start": 92, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 106, "end": 124, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "evening of July 17"}, {"start": 126, "end": 132, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 153, "end": 157, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TASS"}, {"start": 179, "end": 204, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Russian Consulate General"}, {"start": 208, "end": 216, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Istanbul"}, {"start": 260, "end": 268, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Filonovs"}, {"start": 286, "end": 292, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 318, "end": 327, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7:50 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 275, "source_text": "The young Milwaukee artist creates paintings with rich colors and powerful Black figures.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Milwaukee"}, {"start": 20, "end": 26, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}]}
{"unique_index": 20088, "source_text": "In Aurora Convention Hall, Chloe Martin and Peter Novak serve as school principal and education consultant at Lighthouse Education Trust. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 25, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aurora Convention Hall"}, {"start": 27, "end": 39, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chloe Martin"}, {"start": 44, "end": 55, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Peter Novak"}, {"start": 65, "end": 81, "label": "JOB", "value": "school principal"}, {"start": 86, "end": 106, "label": "JOB", "value": "education consultant"}, {"start": 110, "end": 136, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}]}
{"unique_index": 20148, "source_text": "Silverline Studios sponsored a concert at Montreal, where “The Last Orchard” premiered on Tuesday afternoon with Zara Khan in attendance. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 42, "end": 50, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Montreal"}, {"start": 59, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Last Orchard"}, {"start": 90, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday afternoon"}, {"start": 113, "end": 122, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zara Khan"}]}
{"unique_index": 563, "source_text": "Check out lowriders; enjoy a community picnic; get a free backpack and supplies; and more.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20040, "source_text": "At 9:30 a.m., AtlasOS alerted software engineer Nadia Hussein to an outage in Riga. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9:30 a.m."}, {"start": 14, "end": 21, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "AtlasOS"}, {"start": 30, "end": 47, "label": "JOB", "value": "software engineer"}, {"start": 48, "end": 61, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nadia Hussein"}, {"start": 78, "end": 82, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riga"}]}
{"unique_index": 20140, "source_text": "The Riga office belongs to Redwood Climate Center, not Global Food Observatory, said urban ecologist Nadia Hussein. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riga"}, {"start": 27, "end": 49, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Redwood Climate Center"}, {"start": 55, "end": 78, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Food Observatory"}, {"start": 85, "end": 100, "label": "JOB", "value": "urban ecologist"}, {"start": 101, "end": 114, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nadia Hussein"}]}
{"unique_index": 227, "source_text": "From Mexico’s green cuts to Microsoft’s cement bet and stalled Indigenous funding, this week’s stories trace climate finance fault lines.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 28, "end": 37, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 83, "end": 92, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this week"}]}
{"unique_index": 20062, "source_text": "Eastgate Public Library evaluated EchoReader with 12 test cases during four years, according to Ana Torres. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 23, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}, {"start": 34, "end": 44, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "EchoReader"}, {"start": 50, "end": 52, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 71, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}, {"start": 96, "end": 106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ana Torres"}]}
{"unique_index": 633, "source_text": "Denis Shtilerman, the owner and chief designer of Fire Point, told journalist Dmitry Gordon that Ukraine could carry out its first ballistic missile strikes on Moscow as early as this fall.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Denis Shtilerman"}, {"start": 22, "end": 27, "label": "JOB", "value": "owner"}, {"start": 32, "end": 46, "label": "JOB", "value": "chief designer"}, {"start": 50, "end": 60, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Fire Point"}, {"start": 67, "end": 77, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 78, "end": 91, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dmitry Gordon"}, {"start": 97, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 125, "end": 130, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "first"}, {"start": 160, "end": 166, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 179, "end": 188, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this fall"}]}
{"unique_index": 170, "source_text": "Cryptococcal meningitis: Africa’s neglected HIV killer. Doctors say more diagnostic testing is needed for cryptococcal meningitis, a deadly disease affecting people with HIV.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 54, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cryptococcal meningitis: Africa’s neglected HIV killer"}, {"start": 56, "end": 63, "label": "JOB", "value": "Doctors"}]}
{"unique_index": 167, "source_text": "South Africa scientist Jaymi Leigh January says her biosensors can detect disease biomarkers before serious harm is caused.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 13, "end": 22, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientist"}, {"start": 23, "end": 42, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jaymi Leigh January"}]}
{"unique_index": 20045, "source_text": "Unlike Maple Arts Collective, JadeStudio is a product rather than a company; Karim Benali tested it in Maple Street Station on June 30, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 30, "end": 40, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 77, "end": 89, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Karim Benali"}, {"start": 103, "end": 123, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maple Street Station"}, {"start": 127, "end": 140, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 30, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 98, "source_text": "Hermina Wisoky , our latest entrepreneur of the month , has been making waves in the Research sector in Volkmanhaven .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hermina Wisoky"}, {"start": 28, "end": 40, "label": "JOB", "value": "entrepreneur"}, {"start": 48, "end": 53, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "month"}, {"start": 104, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Volkmanhaven"}]}
{"unique_index": 647, "source_text": "A Ukrainian drone struck an apartment building on Zemskaya Street in Chekhov, outside Moscow, Moscow region Governor Andrey Vorobyov said. Chekhov Mayor Mikhail Sobakin said no one was injured, though two apartments were damaged.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 50, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zemskaya Street"}, {"start": 69, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chekhov"}, {"start": 86, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 94, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow region"}, {"start": 108, "end": 116, "label": "JOB", "value": "Governor"}, {"start": 117, "end": 132, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrey Vorobyov"}, {"start": 139, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chekhov"}, {"start": 147, "end": 152, "label": "JOB", "value": "Mayor"}, {"start": 153, "end": 168, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mikhail Sobakin"}, {"start": 201, "end": 204, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 117, "source_text": "At a time when the boundaries between information, entertainment, and opinion are becoming increasingly blurred, the future of journalism may ultimately lie in what makes it unique: the ability to help societies understand themselves through reliable, responsible, and meaningful storytelling.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20196, "source_text": "At 4:35 p.m. on September 23, 2027, Lina Costa transferred EUR 640 to Riverstone Bank. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "4:35 p.m."}, {"start": 16, "end": 34, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 23, 2027"}, {"start": 36, "end": 46, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lina Costa"}, {"start": 63, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "640"}, {"start": 70, "end": 85, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riverstone Bank"}]}
{"unique_index": 330, "source_text": "FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:New York, July 11, 2026 — The New York Times revealed early this morning that the Trump administration subpoenaed its journalists over reporting that the new Air Force One, which was gifted to the president by Qatar and retrofit at a cost of hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars, was deemed unsafe to fly President Donald Trump back from the NATO summit in Turkey.According to the Times, the Federal Bureau of Investigation had previously requested it not report on the debacle, calling it a national security matter.The following can be attributed to Freedom of the Press Foundation (FPF) Chief of Advocacy Seth Stern. “We’ve long said that when the government claims it needs to investigate journalists to protect national security, it really means its own reputational security. This is as clear an example as you can get. The administration’s embarrassment that it reportedly charged taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars to retrofit a flying bribe that still isn’t secure enough for hostile times does not supersede the need for a free and independent press. These kinds of stories show us exactly why we need to protect journalists and whistleblowers — without them, we’d never know about this sort of waste and incompetence.” Please contact us if you would like further comment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York"}, {"start": 32, "end": 45, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 11, 2026"}, {"start": 48, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The New York Times"}, {"start": 82, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this morning"}, {"start": 104, "end": 109, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 180, "end": 193, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Air Force One"}, {"start": 219, "end": 228, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 232, "end": 237, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Qatar"}, {"start": 264, "end": 284, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds of millions"}, {"start": 331, "end": 340, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 341, "end": 353, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 368, "end": 372, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NATO"}, {"start": 383, "end": 389, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Turkey"}, {"start": 407, "end": 412, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Times"}, {"start": 418, "end": 449, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Bureau of Investigation"}, {"start": 578, "end": 609, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Freedom of the Press Foundation"}, {"start": 611, "end": 614, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FPF"}, {"start": 616, "end": 633, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief of Advocacy"}, {"start": 634, "end": 644, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Seth Stern"}, {"start": 924, "end": 944, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds of millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 86, "source_text": "Kim Jong-Un has issued public rebuke to North Korea's weather forecaster . Criticised agency for 'incorrect' forecasts and using out of date equipment . Dressing down is extremely rare during official visit in the isolated nation .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kim Jong-Un"}, {"start": 40, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Korea"}, {"start": 54, "end": 72, "label": "JOB", "value": "weather forecaster"}]}
{"unique_index": 329, "source_text": "Prairie Portraits: Jorden Gershenson. The Prairie Portraits series features founders, funders and community builders from Nebraska's innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 36, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prairie Portraits: Jorden Gershenson"}, {"start": 122, "end": 130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nebraska"}]}
{"unique_index": 412, "source_text": "After losing their jobs at NOAA, Rebecca Lindsey, her sister and another colleague teamed up to rebuild a pivotal resource the Trump administration took offline.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NOAA"}, {"start": 33, "end": 48, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rebecca Lindsey"}, {"start": 127, "end": 132, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}]}
{"unique_index": 490, "source_text": "South Africa's renewable energy industry has created tens of thousands of jobs, but most disappear once construction ends. Refilwe Mochoari and Thabo Molelekwa investigate", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 53, "end": 70, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "tens of thousands"}, {"start": 123, "end": 139, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Refilwe Mochoari"}, {"start": 144, "end": 159, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thabo Molelekwa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20105, "source_text": "On June 22, 2028, chief data officer Peter Novak trained a policy analyst at Blue River Analytics. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 22, 2028"}, {"start": 18, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "chief data officer"}, {"start": 37, "end": 48, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Peter Novak"}, {"start": 59, "end": 73, "label": "JOB", "value": "policy analyst"}, {"start": 77, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}]}
{"unique_index": 23, "source_text": "Alternatives include: Allegro Arcade Library Gamemaker: Studio Godot Engine LOVE Pyglet Python Play Polycode Or switch to Java for advanced mobile games.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 44, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Allegro Arcade Library"}, {"start": 45, "end": 62, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Gamemaker: Studio"}, {"start": 63, "end": 75, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Godot Engine"}, {"start": 76, "end": 80, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LOVE"}, {"start": 81, "end": 87, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pyglet"}, {"start": 88, "end": 99, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Python Play"}, {"start": 100, "end": 108, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Polycode"}, {"start": 122, "end": 126, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Java"}]}
{"unique_index": 20000, "source_text": "Maya Chen, a software engineer at Northbridge Labs, deployed AtlasOS in Baku on January 12, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maya Chen"}, {"start": 13, "end": 30, "label": "JOB", "value": "software engineer"}, {"start": 34, "end": 50, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Northbridge Labs"}, {"start": 61, "end": 68, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "AtlasOS"}, {"start": 72, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Baku"}, {"start": 80, "end": 96, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 12, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 435, "source_text": "Remembering Cali Shucaac, poet, veteran, and witness, whose life carried Somali oral memory through colonial partition, state violence, and the struggle for dignity, self-determination, and lasting", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 24, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cali Shucaac"}, {"start": 26, "end": 30, "label": "JOB", "value": "poet"}]}
{"unique_index": 0, "source_text": "Nearly finished my Hollyoaks audition - waited for the perfect moment when no-one was around, then mum walks in halfway through!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 28, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hollyoaks"}, {"start": 112, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "halfway through"}]}
{"unique_index": 20043, "source_text": "At 5:50 a.m., MotionKit alerted robotics technician Omar Haddad to an outage in Singapore. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "5:50 a.m."}, {"start": 14, "end": 23, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MotionKit"}, {"start": 32, "end": 51, "label": "JOB", "value": "robotics technician"}, {"start": 52, "end": 63, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Omar Haddad"}, {"start": 80, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}]}
{"unique_index": 20052, "source_text": "Elena Petrova reviewed LumenPad in “The Paper Telescope”, published by Lighthouse Education Trust on July 11, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elena Petrova"}, {"start": 23, "end": 31, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 36, "end": 55, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Paper Telescope"}, {"start": 71, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}, {"start": 101, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 11, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 223, "source_text": "Carbon credit critique, satellite monitoring, reforestation science, and mycorrhizal markets—forest data and debate in focus this week.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 125, "end": 134, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this week"}]}
{"unique_index": 501, "source_text": "India’s Foreign Ministry summoned Russia’s chargé d’affaires Vladimir Ladanov and expressed “serious concern” over the deaths of Indian citizens in a Russian strike on a cargo ship.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 8, "end": 24, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foreign Ministry"}, {"start": 34, "end": 40, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 43, "end": 60, "label": "JOB", "value": "chargé d’affaires"}, {"start": 61, "end": 77, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vladimir Ladanov"}]}
{"unique_index": 20122, "source_text": "Pacific Health Cooperative opened a branch in Summit Research Campus; Aisha Rahman became its public health nurse on Saturday afternoon. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Health Cooperative"}, {"start": 46, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Summit Research Campus"}, {"start": 70, "end": 82, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aisha Rahman"}, {"start": 94, "end": 113, "label": "JOB", "value": "public health nurse"}, {"start": 117, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday afternoon"}]}
{"unique_index": 20227, "source_text": "“Notes from the Border” is a documentary distributed by Maple Arts Collective; Joseph Kamau watched it in Toronto on September 23, 2027. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1, "end": 22, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Notes from the Border"}, {"start": 56, "end": 77, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 79, "end": 91, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph Kamau"}, {"start": 106, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Toronto"}, {"start": 117, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 23, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20096, "source_text": "Lina Costa, the newly appointed financial auditor, signed 12 contracts for Riverstone Bank on May 7, 2028. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lina Costa"}, {"start": 32, "end": 49, "label": "JOB", "value": "financial auditor"}, {"start": 58, "end": 60, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 75, "end": 90, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riverstone Bank"}, {"start": 94, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 400, "source_text": "As Mustafa* sat in a meeting in late June, he received a text that changed his life. The message contained a link to a news article about a verdict that had just been issued by the US Supreme Court regarding a case in which Mustafa was a plaintiff. In a 6-to-3 ruling, America’s highest court had greenlighted the termination of a special humanitarian-based immigration status...", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mustafa"}, {"start": 32, "end": 41, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late June"}, {"start": 181, "end": 197, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "US Supreme Court"}, {"start": 224, "end": 231, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mustafa"}, {"start": 254, "end": 260, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6-to-3"}, {"start": 269, "end": 276, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "America"}]}
{"unique_index": 143, "source_text": "Those involved in criminal acts may oppose how emergency powers are used, but ordinary citizens also want reassurance that such measures remain proportionate, accountable and tied to the public interest.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20019, "source_text": "The housing inspector compared HomeLink with CivicTrack during a workshop in Bridgeway Station on October 5, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "housing inspector"}, {"start": 31, "end": 39, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "HomeLink"}, {"start": 45, "end": 55, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "CivicTrack"}, {"start": 77, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bridgeway Station"}, {"start": 98, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 5, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 243, "source_text": "A Lopsided War: 83,000 Soldiers and Police Powering Indonesia’s Violent Agenda in Papua. Soldiers and police have increasingly encroached on Papuans’ daily lives, not only to maintain security but also to advance a development agenda built on violence. For more than half a century, armed conflict has raged in Papua. Throughout this period, the Indonesian government has conducted military operations, deploying tens of thousands of soldiers and police", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 87, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Lopsided War: 83,000 Soldiers and Police Powering Indonesia’s Violent Agenda in Papua"}, {"start": 150, "end": 155, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 267, "end": 281, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "half a century"}, {"start": 311, "end": 316, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua"}, {"start": 413, "end": 430, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "tens of thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 20012, "source_text": "EchoReader is a system built by Eastgate Public Library; Ana Torres demonstrated it in Helsinki at 12:45 p.m. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "EchoReader"}, {"start": 32, "end": 55, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}, {"start": 57, "end": 67, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ana Torres"}, {"start": 87, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Helsinki"}, {"start": 99, "end": 109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12:45 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 20135, "source_text": "Alpine Energy Cooperative operates from Cape Town and employs 12 staff led by renewable energy engineer Tomás Silva. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 25, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alpine Energy Cooperative"}, {"start": 40, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cape Town"}, {"start": 62, "end": 64, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 78, "end": 103, "label": "JOB", "value": "renewable energy engineer"}, {"start": 104, "end": 115, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tomás Silva"}]}
{"unique_index": 4, "source_text": "Honestly I don't leave bad reviews for places until live visited them at least 3 times and have had the same outcome. But this place left with me with no desire to come back. \\n\\nParking is terrible (same as Sahara) \\nMonkeys.... Moneys EVERYWHERE!!! (why? Idk!) \\n\\nWhat's with the sculpture of \\\"\"Flubber\\\"\" outside? \\n\\nThe people that are supposed to be taken seriously pit bosses and such are dressed in the most hideous plaid blazers, the dealers are forced to wear vests with monkeys on their back (I think there is more then a pun there) \\n\\nPLAIN AND SIMPLE LET ME LAY IT OUT... \\n\\nWho paints a sidewalk white?! /\\nOver priced food/\\nSmall buffet/\\nCarpet looks like a graffiti artist shit on it/\\nPoor color choices/ \\nLoud ass humming fans outside in bar area (Dyson would be so unamused) \\nThey didn't bother to paint some parts of the place /\\nThe ceiling looks like a chipotle/ \\n\\nTake a page out of the cosmopolitans book and do it right. Sorry guys I hope it works out for you.\\n\\nOverall looks unfinished.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 79, "end": 80, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 208, "end": 214, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sahara"}, {"start": 299, "end": 306, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Flubber"}, {"start": 374, "end": 384, "label": "JOB", "value": "pit bosses"}, {"start": 445, "end": 452, "label": "JOB", "value": "dealers"}, {"start": 679, "end": 694, "label": "JOB", "value": "graffiti artist"}, {"start": 773, "end": 778, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dyson"}, {"start": 883, "end": 891, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "chipotle"}, {"start": 920, "end": 933, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "cosmopolitans"}]}
{"unique_index": 20178, "source_text": "The 12-page report “The Patient Network” was published by Harborlight Foundation on July 14, 2027 with help from Emily Carter. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 6, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 20, "end": 39, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Patient Network"}, {"start": 58, "end": 80, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harborlight Foundation"}, {"start": 84, "end": 97, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 14, 2027"}, {"start": 113, "end": 125, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily Carter"}]}
{"unique_index": 216, "source_text": "India’s courts faced a backlog of more than 50 million pending cases in 2025. In government schools across the nation, teachers spend months collecting foundational literacy and numeracy data. And for millions of citizens, the laws that govern their daily lives remain inaccessible, written in language they cannot parse, and delivered through channels they cannot reach. These gaps are endemic to systems that are under-resourced and understaffed. Within this landscape, a few nonprofits are working to introduce artificial intelligence (AI) to streamline these governance processes. Adalat AI, for instance, works with the judicial system to build infrastructure to power paperless courts through automated transcription, digital records, and workflow management. Vowels of the People Association (VOPA) has built an AI-powered foundational literacy assessment tool now used in government schools in Maharashtra under the NIPUN mission. Civis, a Mumbai-based nonprofit, is leveraging AI to make public consultations more accessible and participatory, and has partnered with government departments to synthesise public feedback on laws and policies. But in addition to building the right", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 44, "end": 54, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50 million"}, {"start": 72, "end": 76, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 250, "end": 255, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 585, "end": 594, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Adalat AI"}, {"start": 766, "end": 798, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Vowels of the People Association"}, {"start": 800, "end": 804, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "VOPA"}, {"start": 868, "end": 871, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 902, "end": 913, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maharashtra"}, {"start": 939, "end": 944, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civis"}, {"start": 948, "end": 954, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mumbai"}]}
{"unique_index": 580, "source_text": "Russia launched a missile strike on Kyiv and the surrounding region on the afternoon of July 24. Ukrainian media, citing Valerii Borovyk, the founder of the defense manufacturer First Contact, reported that the attack hit a training ground in Kyiv region’s Bucha district.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 36, "end": 40, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyiv"}, {"start": 75, "end": 95, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "afternoon of July 24"}, {"start": 121, "end": 136, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Valerii Borovyk"}, {"start": 142, "end": 149, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 178, "end": 191, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "First Contact"}, {"start": 243, "end": 254, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyiv region"}, {"start": 257, "end": 271, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bucha district"}]}
{"unique_index": 20194, "source_text": "On September 14, 2028, Clearwater Housing Board appointed Leila Mansour as housing inspector and added 12 staff in Lagos over 18 months. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 14, 2028"}, {"start": 23, "end": 47, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Clearwater Housing Board"}, {"start": 58, "end": 71, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leila Mansour"}, {"start": 75, "end": 92, "label": "JOB", "value": "housing inspector"}, {"start": 103, "end": 105, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 115, "end": 120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lagos"}, {"start": 126, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 months"}]}
{"unique_index": 20248, "source_text": "Sunrise Media Group streamed “The Last Orchard” to 72 viewers using NimbusNote for 15 minutes. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 30, "end": 46, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Last Orchard"}, {"start": 51, "end": 53, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "72"}, {"start": 68, "end": 78, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 83, "end": 93, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 minutes"}]}
{"unique_index": 20216, "source_text": "BridgeCloud failed after operating for five years, so network administrator Grace Kim diagnosed the problem at BrightPath Telecom in Tbilisi. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "BridgeCloud"}, {"start": 39, "end": 49, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years"}, {"start": 54, "end": 75, "label": "JOB", "value": "network administrator"}, {"start": 76, "end": 85, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Grace Kim"}, {"start": 111, "end": 129, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BrightPath Telecom"}, {"start": 133, "end": 140, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tbilisi"}]}
{"unique_index": 20171, "source_text": "Binta Sow spoke at 2:15 p.m. and answered 12 questions before March 3, 2028 for Riverstone Bank. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Binta Sow"}, {"start": 19, "end": 28, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2:15 p.m."}, {"start": 42, "end": 44, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 62, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 3, 2028"}, {"start": 80, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riverstone Bank"}]}
{"unique_index": 20199, "source_text": "At 16:30 on October 31, 2029, Felix Weber transferred EUR 65 to Helios Manufacturing. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16:30"}, {"start": 12, "end": 28, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 31, 2029"}, {"start": 30, "end": 41, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Felix Weber"}, {"start": 58, "end": 60, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "65"}, {"start": 64, "end": 84, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}]}
{"unique_index": 154, "source_text": "Efforts from volunteers and SaR teams had rescued least 6,000 people alive from stricken areas, according to June 30 numbers from the government.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 28, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SaR"}, {"start": 56, "end": 61, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6,000"}, {"start": 109, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 30"}]}
{"unique_index": 13, "source_text": "ikr rly?? try to find ur sigma squad on discord or something u can be a high-key low-key introvert and still slay btw lol", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 47, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "discord"}]}
{"unique_index": 20066, "source_text": "Public defender Grace Kim joined Urban Safety Council in Tbilisi on December 6, 2028. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "JOB", "value": "Public defender"}, {"start": 16, "end": 25, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Grace Kim"}, {"start": 33, "end": 53, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Urban Safety Council"}, {"start": 57, "end": 64, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tbilisi"}, {"start": 68, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 6, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 346, "source_text": "Amid Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent Australia visit, an image of a newspaper clipping went viral on social media. It shows a photo collage featuring PM Modi, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, and an enthusiastic crowd of people of Indian origin. On the top right corner of the page, a story has been highlighted, the", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 20, "end": 33, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Narendra Modi"}, {"start": 43, "end": 52, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 159, "end": 163, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Modi"}, {"start": 176, "end": 190, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 191, "end": 207, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anthony Albanese"}]}
{"unique_index": 20041, "source_text": "At 3:25 p.m., InsightBoard alerted chief data officer Diego Ferreira to an outage in Cedar Hall. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3:25 p.m."}, {"start": 14, "end": 26, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "InsightBoard"}, {"start": 35, "end": 53, "label": "JOB", "value": "chief data officer"}, {"start": 54, "end": 68, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Diego Ferreira"}, {"start": 85, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cedar Hall"}]}
{"unique_index": 626, "source_text": "Prairie Portraits: Parker Crane. The Prairie Portraits series features founders, funders and community builders from Nebraska's innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 31, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prairie Portraits: Parker Crane"}, {"start": 37, "end": 54, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prairie Portraits"}, {"start": 71, "end": 79, "label": "JOB", "value": "founders"}, {"start": 81, "end": 88, "label": "JOB", "value": "funders"}, {"start": 93, "end": 111, "label": "JOB", "value": "community builders"}, {"start": 117, "end": 125, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nebraska"}]}
{"unique_index": 20119, "source_text": "Housing inspector Tariq Saleh discussed “Learning to Listen” with Clearwater Housing Board in Bridgeway Station. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "Housing inspector"}, {"start": 18, "end": 29, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tariq Saleh"}, {"start": 41, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Learning to Listen"}, {"start": 66, "end": 90, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Clearwater Housing Board"}, {"start": 94, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bridgeway Station"}]}
{"unique_index": 512, "source_text": "Through August 2, Deceleration invites poems, flash fic and creative nonfic, song, and art for our upcoming summer Creative Review highlighting counterimaginaries for the U.S. 250th.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 16, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2"}, {"start": 18, "end": 30, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Deceleration"}, {"start": 108, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}, {"start": 115, "end": 130, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Creative Review"}, {"start": 171, "end": 175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}]}
{"unique_index": 516, "source_text": "People who’ve applied for public housing must log into HACM’s Rent Café applicant portal to update their contact information and confirm they want to stay on the wait list.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 59, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "HACM"}, {"start": 62, "end": 71, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Rent Café"}]}
{"unique_index": 93, "source_text": "After being pleased with Cirque du Soliel's Mystere, I made the mistake of letting my winnings ride, and I bet on another Cirque show: \\\"\"Zumanity.\\\"\" A show written for, and apparently by, confused hormonal eighth-graders. \\n\\nA friend of mine has a favorite saying when he goes to strip clubs: \\\"\"Let's not spoil it with words.\\\"\" (Anyone who has attempted to have a conversation with a stripper knows EXACTLY what he means.) Well, someone should have given that advice to whomever conceived of Zumanity. I haven't seen such brainless, low-brow attempts at sexual humor and dialogue since I was in junior high school. Zumanity makes the \\\"\"American Pie\\\"\" movies seem like works of Shakespeare. \\n\\nThe M.C. of Zumanity is some over-acted Dr. Frankenfurter-esque drag queen, who was given to some awful, trite little lines, like, \\\"\"Isn't making love beautiful?\\\"\" like he was addressing a gathering of 17th century Calvinists who need convincing that sexual pleasure will not land them a place in eternal damnation. (This audience paid good money to see topless women trapeze through the air. You can safely skip the lecture.) The whole show was just an awkward mish-mash of, on one hand, graceful and suggestive acrobatic performances, and the other hand, crass and overt sexual humor. They need to pick a direction and stick with it; just trying slap them together is a trainwreck.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 41, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cirque du Soliel"}, {"start": 44, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Mystere"}, {"start": 122, "end": 128, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cirque"}, {"start": 138, "end": 146, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Zumanity"}, {"start": 389, "end": 397, "label": "JOB", "value": "stripper"}, {"start": 497, "end": 505, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Zumanity"}, {"start": 620, "end": 628, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Zumanity"}, {"start": 642, "end": 654, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "American Pie"}, {"start": 684, "end": 695, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shakespeare"}, {"start": 705, "end": 709, "label": "JOB", "value": "M.C."}, {"start": 713, "end": 721, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Zumanity"}, {"start": 745, "end": 758, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Frankenfurter"}, {"start": 765, "end": 775, "label": "JOB", "value": "drag queen"}, {"start": 905, "end": 917, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "17th century"}]}
{"unique_index": 20110, "source_text": "The report quotes Amara Diallo, a renewable energy engineer based in Harbor Conference Center, and Joseph Kamau, a budget officer at Alpine Energy Cooperative. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 30, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amara Diallo"}, {"start": 34, "end": 59, "label": "JOB", "value": "renewable energy engineer"}, {"start": 69, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Harbor Conference Center"}, {"start": 99, "end": 111, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph Kamau"}, {"start": 115, "end": 129, "label": "JOB", "value": "budget officer"}, {"start": 133, "end": 158, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alpine Energy Cooperative"}]}
{"unique_index": 20215, "source_text": "QuickClinic failed after operating for 24 hours, so medical director Lucas Meyer diagnosed the problem at Willow Creek Hospital in Pioneer Technology Park. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "QuickClinic"}, {"start": 39, "end": 47, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 hours"}, {"start": 52, "end": 68, "label": "JOB", "value": "medical director"}, {"start": 69, "end": 80, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lucas Meyer"}, {"start": 106, "end": 127, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}, {"start": 131, "end": 154, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pioneer Technology Park"}]}
{"unique_index": 20217, "source_text": "OrbitKey failed after operating for eight months, so flight instructor David Mwangi diagnosed the problem at Summit Aviation Institute in Valencia. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OrbitKey"}, {"start": 36, "end": 48, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "eight months"}, {"start": 53, "end": 70, "label": "JOB", "value": "flight instructor"}, {"start": 71, "end": 83, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David Mwangi"}, {"start": 109, "end": 134, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Summit Aviation Institute"}, {"start": 138, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Valencia"}]}
{"unique_index": 210, "source_text": "A deal between S7 Airlines and the State Transport Leasing Company (GTLK) for up to 100 Tu-214 passenger jets could collapse — or be scaled back to a minimum number of aircraft — according to the Russian business daily Kommersant, which cited sources in the aviation industry.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "S7 Airlines"}, {"start": 35, "end": 66, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Transport Leasing Company"}, {"start": 68, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GTLK"}, {"start": 84, "end": 87, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 88, "end": 94, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Tu-214"}, {"start": 213, "end": 218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 219, "end": 229, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kommersant"}]}
{"unique_index": 149, "source_text": "Between 1990 and 2008, Yugoslavia dissolved into seven independent countries that faced similar challenges, but also experienced important differences that affect their institutional responses to statelessness.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990"}, {"start": 17, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 23, "end": 33, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yugoslavia"}, {"start": 49, "end": 54, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}]}
{"unique_index": 64, "source_text": "Career Advancement: United Emergency Response Coalition Recruitment Drive Chief Michael Thompson announces 50 positions in Emergency Operations . Starting March 15 , applicants can submit credentials at Central Command Center , Providence Road , Millbrook , Arizona . Requirements include valid Class A certification and emergency response credentials. -Starting salary: 65000 USD / year .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 55, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Emergency Response Coalition"}, {"start": 56, "end": 79, "label": "JOB", "value": "Recruitment Drive Chief"}, {"start": 80, "end": 96, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michael Thompson"}, {"start": 107, "end": 109, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 155, "end": 163, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 15"}, {"start": 203, "end": 243, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Command Center , Providence Road"}, {"start": 246, "end": 255, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Millbrook"}, {"start": 258, "end": 265, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Arizona"}, {"start": 371, "end": 376, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "65000"}]}
{"unique_index": 127, "source_text": "In India as elsewhere, science journalists are faced with a dual challenge: fighting disinformation and explaining complex phenomena in a world that privileges emotions and simplistic statements.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20005, "source_text": "After Blue River Analytics released InsightBoard, Peter Novak ordered 12 copies for its Kigali office on May 19, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}, {"start": 36, "end": 48, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "InsightBoard"}, {"start": 50, "end": 61, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Peter Novak"}, {"start": 70, "end": 72, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 88, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kigali"}, {"start": 105, "end": 117, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20021, "source_text": "Riverstone Bank reviewed 12 deployments of HarborPay in Tallinn on July 11, 2028. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riverstone Bank"}, {"start": 25, "end": 27, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 43, "end": 52, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "HarborPay"}, {"start": 56, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tallinn"}, {"start": 67, "end": 80, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 11, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 189, "source_text": "I’m a drug addict. Harm reduction saved my life. Access to harm reduction treatments, including opioid substitution therapy, clean needles and drug counselling treatment could save lives. I’m living proof. But there are plenty of others who don’t make it out.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 47, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "I’m a drug addict. Harm reduction saved my life"}]}
{"unique_index": 20157, "source_text": "Flooding near Westport Harbor forced Sunrise Media Group to move 12 employees to Melbourne on Wednesday evening. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 29, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Westport Harbor"}, {"start": 37, "end": 56, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 65, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 81, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melbourne"}, {"start": 94, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Wednesday evening"}]}
{"unique_index": 20191, "source_text": "On May 19, 2027, Urban Safety Council appointed Diego Ferreira as public defender and added 12 staff in Cedar Hall over six hours. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19, 2027"}, {"start": 17, "end": 37, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Urban Safety Council"}, {"start": 48, "end": 62, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Diego Ferreira"}, {"start": 66, "end": 81, "label": "JOB", "value": "public defender"}, {"start": 92, "end": 94, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 104, "end": 114, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cedar Hall"}, {"start": 120, "end": 129, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 534, "source_text": "The City of Hamilton can continue to request local restaurants, and other places of business, to turn over security footage that shows Hamilton paramedics inside of those businesses. In a Labour Arbitration decision, posted to CanLII earlier today, the union representing Hamilton’s paramedics challenged this practice arguing that it violated the collective agreement, privacy laws,", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 20, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "City of Hamilton"}, {"start": 135, "end": 143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hamilton"}, {"start": 144, "end": 154, "label": "JOB", "value": "paramedics"}, {"start": 227, "end": 233, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "CanLII"}, {"start": 234, "end": 247, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "earlier today"}, {"start": 272, "end": 280, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hamilton"}, {"start": 283, "end": 293, "label": "JOB", "value": "paramedics"}]}
{"unique_index": 20097, "source_text": "Victor Ionescu, the newly appointed public health nurse, signed 12 contracts for Pacific Health Cooperative on December 6, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Victor Ionescu"}, {"start": 36, "end": 55, "label": "JOB", "value": "public health nurse"}, {"start": 64, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 81, "end": 107, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Health Cooperative"}, {"start": 111, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 6, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 569, "source_text": "I Set Out to Test-Drive a Chinese EV. Here’s What It Taught Me about Carney’s New Deal. 49,000 imported cars may remake our entire auto industry", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 86, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "I Set Out to Test-Drive a Chinese EV. Here’s What It Taught Me about Carney’s New Deal"}, {"start": 88, "end": 94, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "49,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20098, "source_text": "Zara Khan, the newly appointed water quality specialist, signed 12 contracts for Metro Water Laboratory on May 19, 2027. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zara Khan"}, {"start": 31, "end": 55, "label": "JOB", "value": "water quality specialist"}, {"start": 64, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 81, "end": 103, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro Water Laboratory"}, {"start": 107, "end": 119, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 360, "source_text": "The wait for citizenship certificates has nearly doubled since spring, after changes to citizenship-by-descent rules opened the door to new applicants.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 69, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "spring"}]}
{"unique_index": 20051, "source_text": "Ethan Brooks reviewed EchoReader in “The Honest Algorithm”, published by Eastgate Public Library on Friday morning. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ethan Brooks"}, {"start": 22, "end": 32, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "EchoReader"}, {"start": 37, "end": 57, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Honest Algorithm"}, {"start": 73, "end": 96, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eastgate Public Library"}, {"start": 100, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 20228, "source_text": "“The Patient Network” is a documentary distributed by Sunrise Media Group; Emily Carter watched it in Vancouver on Thursday night. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1, "end": 20, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Patient Network"}, {"start": 54, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 75, "end": 87, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily Carter"}, {"start": 102, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vancouver"}, {"start": 115, "end": 129, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Thursday night"}]}
{"unique_index": 338, "source_text": "A Kurdish medical student recounts her educational journey as an unregistered person in Syria. Following a January 2026 decree, they can now be granted citizenship.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 88, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syria"}, {"start": 107, "end": 119, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 137, "end": 140, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20243, "source_text": "At 5:50 a.m., documentary filmmaker Omar Haddad reviewed “Songs for an Empty Station” on JadeStudio from Singapore. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "5:50 a.m."}, {"start": 14, "end": 35, "label": "JOB", "value": "documentary filmmaker"}, {"start": 36, "end": 47, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Omar Haddad"}, {"start": 58, "end": 84, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Songs for an Empty Station"}, {"start": 89, "end": 99, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 105, "end": 114, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}]}
{"unique_index": 362, "source_text": "New IRCC data provide numbers behind concerns over settlement-service deadlines. Previously unpublished figures show more than 35,000 economic immigrants accessed federally funded services after becoming permanent residents in 2024–25; new rules will shorten the amount of time to receive support.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IRCC"}, {"start": 127, "end": 133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35,000"}, {"start": 227, "end": 234, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024–25"}]}
{"unique_index": 194, "source_text": "The master of Pará’s popular culture speaks about nature, art, education, and the role of the women who sustain the forest", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 18, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pará"}]}
{"unique_index": 613, "source_text": "Early on the morning of July 24, Ukrainian forces attacked more Wildberries logistics centers — this time in Crimea, the Leningrad region, and St. Petersburg. In Russia’s northwest, drones damaged two separate warehouse complexes, in Shushary and Utkina Zavod. Authorities did not report any injuries. Nikolai (name changed), a St. Petersburg resident who was near the site of the drone strike in Shushary, told Meduza what happened after the attack.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 31, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "morning of July 24"}, {"start": 64, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 109, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Crimea"}, {"start": 121, "end": 137, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Leningrad region"}, {"start": 143, "end": 157, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "St. Petersburg"}, {"start": 162, "end": 168, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 197, "end": 200, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 234, "end": 242, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Shushary"}, {"start": 247, "end": 259, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Utkina Zavod"}, {"start": 302, "end": 309, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nikolai"}, {"start": 328, "end": 342, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "St. Petersburg"}, {"start": 397, "end": 405, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Shushary"}, {"start": 412, "end": 418, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meduza"}]}
{"unique_index": 531, "source_text": "In 2023, Brazil recorded 45,747 intentional violent deaths — among the highest rates in the world. Like many democracies, the country has long grappled with the issue of large-scale public support for state violence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 9, "end": 15, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 25, "end": 31, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45,747"}]}
{"unique_index": 20011, "source_text": "QuickClinic is a system built by Willow Creek Hospital; Kwame Boateng demonstrated it in Meadow Park at 2:15 p.m. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "QuickClinic"}, {"start": 33, "end": 54, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Willow Creek Hospital"}, {"start": 56, "end": 69, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kwame Boateng"}, {"start": 89, "end": 100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Meadow Park"}, {"start": 104, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2:15 p.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 287, "source_text": "Through the Bloom and Groom initiative, neighborhood groups sell flowers, vegetables and herbs to residents at discounted prices and receive up to $1,500 in reimbursement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 148, "end": 153, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,500"}]}
{"unique_index": 423, "source_text": "Forecasters warn rapidly intensifying El Niño could be among strongest yet as regions worldwide brace for impacts.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20080, "source_text": "Blue River Analytics assigned chief data officer Hana Suzuki to shadow its policy analyst for two hours. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 20, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}, {"start": 30, "end": 48, "label": "JOB", "value": "chief data officer"}, {"start": 49, "end": 60, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hana Suzuki"}, {"start": 75, "end": 89, "label": "JOB", "value": "policy analyst"}, {"start": 94, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 286, "source_text": "Milwaukee Intertribal Circle announced this week that, after months of searching, it signed a lease for a space at 6510 W. Layton Ave, Suite 101.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Milwaukee Intertribal Circle"}, {"start": 39, "end": 48, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this week"}, {"start": 115, "end": 144, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "6510 W. Layton Ave, Suite 101"}]}
{"unique_index": 95, "source_text": "Dr. Elliott , we need to examine the recent scans of our patient aged 98 years old years. Considering latest reports, there might be a need for additional diagnosis in the Northwest region.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elliott"}, {"start": 70, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "98 years old"}, {"start": 172, "end": 181, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Northwest"}]}
{"unique_index": 366, "source_text": "Moscow’s Higher School of Economics will cover tuition for anyone who completes a year of service in a BARS volunteer unit or in Russia’s drone forces, the country’s state news agency TASS reported, citing the university’s press service. The offer is open only to applicants who sign the one-year “special contract” through the university itself, which confirmed the terms to the Telegram news channel Ostorozhno Novosti.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 9, "end": 35, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Higher School of Economics"}, {"start": 80, "end": 86, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "a year"}, {"start": 103, "end": 107, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BARS"}, {"start": 129, "end": 135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 184, "end": 188, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TASS"}, {"start": 288, "end": 296, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one-year"}, {"start": 380, "end": 388, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 402, "end": 420, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ostorozhno Novosti"}]}
{"unique_index": 536, "source_text": "The construction management company has gone all in on artificial intelligence, expecting all teams to experiment with the technology. The Bailey AI chatbot, first deployed in February, is a lesson in customer-facing use cases.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 139, "end": 148, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Bailey AI"}, {"start": 176, "end": 184, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February"}]}
{"unique_index": 425, "source_text": "“Multicountry polycrisis” could engulf the Horn, Scholars warn. Five leading famine, conflict and humanitarian specialists have warned that the Greater Horn of Africa could descend into a major regional emergency during the second half of 2026 and into 2027. They", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "“Multicountry polycrisis” could engulf the Horn, Scholars warn"}, {"start": 64, "end": 68, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Five"}, {"start": 144, "end": 166, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Greater Horn of Africa"}, {"start": 224, "end": 243, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "second half of 2026"}, {"start": 253, "end": 257, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20236, "source_text": "Maple Arts Collective published “The Glass Workshop”, while Seaside Cultural Forum released the companion app JadeStudio on October 5, 2027. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 33, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Glass Workshop"}, {"start": 60, "end": 82, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Seaside Cultural Forum"}, {"start": 110, "end": 120, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 124, "end": 139, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 5, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 314, "source_text": "South Jersey residents will get clean supply in three-state deal that includes program to limit release of agents linked to health ills.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Jersey"}, {"start": 48, "end": 53, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 84, "source_text": "In addition, not only might shoddy work slow this work process down, but it also might necessitate costly future maintenance work with its attendant loss of production and employee layoffs; diminish Furnco's reputation and ability to secure similar work in the future; and perhaps even create serious safety hazards, leading to explosions and the like. App. to Pet. for Cert. A13-A15. These considerations justified Furnco's refusal to engage in on-the-job training or to hire at the gate, a hiring process which would not provide an adequate method of matching qualified applications to job requirements and assuring that the applicants are sufficiently skilled and capable. Id., at A18-A19. Furthermore, there was no evidence that these policies and practices were a pretext to exclude black bricklayers or were otherwise illegitimate or had a disproportionate impact or effect on black bricklayers. Id., at A17-A18. From late 1969 through late 1973, 5.7% of the bricklayers in the relevant labor force were minority group members, see 41 CFR § 60-11 et seq. (1977),2 while, as mentioned before, 13.3% of the man-days on Furnco's Interlake job were worked by black bricklayers. 4 Because of the above considerations and following the established practice in the industry, most of the firebricklayers hired by Dacies were persons known by him to be experienced and competent in this type of work.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 199, "end": 205, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Furnco"}, {"start": 416, "end": 422, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Furnco"}, {"start": 794, "end": 805, "label": "JOB", "value": "bricklayers"}, {"start": 889, "end": 900, "label": "JOB", "value": "bricklayers"}, {"start": 924, "end": 933, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1969"}, {"start": 942, "end": 951, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1973"}, {"start": 953, "end": 956, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5.7"}, {"start": 965, "end": 976, "label": "JOB", "value": "bricklayers"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1044, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "CFR"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1066, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13.3"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1129, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Furnco"}, {"start": 1132, "end": 1141, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Interlake"}, {"start": 1167, "end": 1178, "label": "JOB", "value": "bricklayers"}, {"start": 1286, "end": 1301, "label": "JOB", "value": "firebricklayers"}, {"start": 1311, "end": 1317, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dacies"}]}
{"unique_index": 436, "source_text": "HCA Board approved the compressed schedule July 2, with final budget approval now set for October 1 — ahead of a provincial deadline and this fall's election.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "HCA Board"}, {"start": 43, "end": 49, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2"}, {"start": 78, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 90, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 1"}, {"start": 137, "end": 146, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this fall"}]}
{"unique_index": 300, "source_text": "1113 Highway 8 sold for nearly double its assessed value. Once again, no bids for the potentially contaminated Waterdown Gardens Supply property.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "1113 Highway 8"}, {"start": 111, "end": 135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Waterdown Gardens Supply"}]}
{"unique_index": 20070, "source_text": "Ines Duarte works as museum curator for Maple Arts Collective and supervises 12 staff in Dublin. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ines Duarte"}, {"start": 21, "end": 35, "label": "JOB", "value": "museum curator"}, {"start": 40, "end": 61, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maple Arts Collective"}, {"start": 77, "end": 79, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 89, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dublin"}]}
{"unique_index": 20155, "source_text": "Flooding near Kigali forced Blue River Analytics to move 12 employees to Summit Research Campus on January 12, 2027. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 20, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kigali"}, {"start": 28, "end": 48, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Blue River Analytics"}, {"start": 57, "end": 59, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 73, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Summit Research Campus"}, {"start": 99, "end": 115, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 12, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 368, "source_text": "By Kyrmyzy Turebayeva A new study based on data from competitive angling events in the Great Lakes found that more than 20% of black bass weighed-in at these events are over 10 years old.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 21, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyrmyzy Turebayeva"}, {"start": 87, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Lakes"}, {"start": 120, "end": 122, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 174, "end": 186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 years old"}]}
{"unique_index": 509, "source_text": "At least two dozen municipalities lean on a powerful Jersey tool to keep high-tech warehouses from draining water and power.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 18, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two dozen"}, {"start": 53, "end": 59, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jersey"}]}
{"unique_index": 619, "source_text": "The Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) began a sit-in protest at Jantar Mantar on 20 June 2026 over alleged examination irregularities. The party ended the protest on 27 July 2026 after Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan resigned and the government assured action on examination reforms (here, here). Amid these developments, multiple videos are being shared on", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janata Party"}, {"start": 28, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 59, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jantar Mantar"}, {"start": 76, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 June 2026"}, {"start": 161, "end": 173, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "27 July 2026"}, {"start": 180, "end": 204, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union Education Minister"}, {"start": 205, "end": 223, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 329, "end": 337, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "multiple"}]}
{"unique_index": 225, "source_text": "A Canadian city brought new life to a damaged landscape—one tree, one polygon at a time—backed by openly available data.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 59, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 66, "end": 69, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20245, "source_text": "Silverline Studios streamed “A House of Many Voices” to 750 viewers using JadeStudio for 90 minutes. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 29, "end": 51, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A House of Many Voices"}, {"start": 56, "end": 59, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "750"}, {"start": 74, "end": 84, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "JadeStudio"}, {"start": 89, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "90 minutes"}]}
{"unique_index": 20046, "source_text": "Unlike Riverstone Bank, HarborPay is a product rather than a company; Lina Costa tested it in Crescent Theater on Monday morning. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Riverstone Bank"}, {"start": 24, "end": 33, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "HarborPay"}, {"start": 70, "end": 80, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lina Costa"}, {"start": 94, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Crescent Theater"}, {"start": 114, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 235, "source_text": "Seattle has a plan to address the proliferation of plastics. How can we replicate its successes in less eco-friendly cities and states?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Seattle"}]}
{"unique_index": 20186, "source_text": "Three weeks later, Sofia Alvarez traveled from Seoul to Lakeview Sports Arena in three years. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Three weeks later"}, {"start": 19, "end": 32, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sofia Alvarez"}, {"start": 47, "end": 52, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Seoul"}, {"start": 56, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lakeview Sports Arena"}, {"start": 81, "end": 92, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20123, "source_text": "Metro Water Laboratory opened a branch in Stonegate Medical Campus; Mateo Rossi became its water quality specialist on August 26, 2028. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro Water Laboratory"}, {"start": 42, "end": 66, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Stonegate Medical Campus"}, {"start": 68, "end": 79, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mateo Rossi"}, {"start": 91, "end": 115, "label": "JOB", "value": "water quality specialist"}, {"start": 119, "end": 134, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 26, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 101, "source_text": "Movements cannot shy away from conflict. Engaging in generative conflict by asking tough strategic questions was an important step on the road to New York City’s rent freeze.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 39, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Movements cannot shy away from conflict"}, {"start": 146, "end": 159, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York City"}]}
{"unique_index": 20163, "source_text": "Lighthouse Education Trust and Stonegate Community College signed an agreement in Buenos Aires after seven days of talks led by Adam Kowalski. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}, {"start": 31, "end": 58, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Stonegate Community College"}, {"start": 82, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buenos Aires"}, {"start": 101, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven days"}, {"start": 128, "end": 141, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Adam Kowalski"}]}
{"unique_index": 365, "source_text": "More than 200 demonstrators marched to Queen’s Park, saying three years was not enough to rebuild their lives, complete professional licensing and qualify for permanent residence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 13, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 39, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Queen’s Park"}, {"start": 60, "end": 71, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}]}
{"unique_index": 284, "source_text": "Post From Community: Milwaukee Election Commission announces polling location changes for August 11 partisan primary. These updates affect four wards in two aldermanic districts and just over 2,700 registered voters.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 116, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Post From Community: Milwaukee Election Commission announces polling location changes for August 11 partisan primary"}, {"start": 139, "end": 143, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 153, "end": 156, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 192, "end": 197, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,700"}]}
{"unique_index": 478, "source_text": "Beef lovers grapple with food fraud and environmental impacts as climate change intensifies and traceability gaps persist", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 498, "source_text": "Sold as brides, lost at sea: The trafficking of stateless Rohingya girls. Marriage has become a migration route for Rohingya refugee girls, as brokers exploit families’ hopes of overseas grooms, turning promised reunions into trafficking journeys driven by deception, coercion, and profit.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Sold as brides, lost at sea: The trafficking of stateless Rohingya girls"}]}
{"unique_index": 224, "source_text": "Restoration meets returns: from Nigeria’s forest economy to EU carbon math and Canada’s grants, this week in global forest finance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 32, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 60, "end": 62, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 79, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 96, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this week"}]}
{"unique_index": 492, "source_text": "The people beneath Malawi’s minerals rush. Malawi’s emerging mining industry pits economic promise against environmental, cultural concerns. Mbauwo Chavula investigates", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 41, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The people beneath Malawi’s minerals rush"}, {"start": 43, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malawi"}, {"start": 141, "end": 155, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mbauwo Chavula"}]}
{"unique_index": 20150, "source_text": "Maya Chen arrived in Baku before meeting Northbridge Labs's software engineer at 10:10 a.m. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maya Chen"}, {"start": 21, "end": 25, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Baku"}, {"start": 41, "end": 57, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Northbridge Labs"}, {"start": 60, "end": 77, "label": "JOB", "value": "software engineer"}, {"start": 81, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10:10 a.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 605, "source_text": "Attend a neighborhood meeting; honor doulas, birthworkers and midwives; meet your new adoptable pet; and more.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 43, "label": "JOB", "value": "doulas"}, {"start": 45, "end": 57, "label": "JOB", "value": "birthworkers"}, {"start": 62, "end": 70, "label": "JOB", "value": "midwives"}]}
{"unique_index": 20213, "source_text": "Buenos Aires hosted Sunrise Media Group's screening of “Where the Forest Begins”; Adam Kowalski attended on April 4, 2027. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Buenos Aires"}, {"start": 20, "end": 39, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 56, "end": 79, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Where the Forest Begins"}, {"start": 82, "end": 95, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Adam Kowalski"}, {"start": 108, "end": 121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 4, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20207, "source_text": "Clara Dupont opened the meeting for Sunrise Media Group as its investigative reporter in Westport Harbor at 22:00. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Clara Dupont"}, {"start": 36, "end": 55, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 63, "end": 85, "label": "JOB", "value": "investigative reporter"}, {"start": 89, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Westport Harbor"}, {"start": 108, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "22:00"}]}
{"unique_index": 138, "source_text": "TL;DR India has made remarkable progress in child survival, with higher immunisation, institutional births and access to healthcare. But NFHS-6 survey data shows that the country’s biggest challenge has shifted from saving children’s lives to ensuring they grow up healthy. Nearly five in six children aged 6–23 months still do not receive an adequate diet,", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 137, "end": 143, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NFHS-6"}, {"start": 281, "end": 285, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 289, "end": 292, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 307, "end": 318, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6–23 months"}]}
{"unique_index": 20232, "source_text": "Fatima Zahra wrote “The Unfinished Bridge” using LumenPad and submitted it to Lighthouse Education Trust on Monday morning. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fatima Zahra"}, {"start": 20, "end": 41, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Unfinished Bridge"}, {"start": 49, "end": 57, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 78, "end": 104, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lighthouse Education Trust"}, {"start": 108, "end": 122, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 109, "source_text": "By separating our immediate demands from end goals, the left can speak to the real fears people are living with today.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 112, "end": 117, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 389, "source_text": "Illustration description: An elevated royal throne stands alone at the center of a large circular platform above a map-like landscape. Small roads and buildings spread across the land below, making the throne appear dominant over the country beneath it. From Friday, 24 to 26 April 2026, the last absolute monarch in sub-Saharan Africa, King Mswati…", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 259, "end": 286, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday, 24 to 26 April 2026"}, {"start": 317, "end": 335, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 337, "end": 341, "label": "JOB", "value": "King"}, {"start": 342, "end": 348, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mswati"}]}
{"unique_index": 313, "source_text": "The arborist apprentice program at the Cohanzick Nature Reserve provides hands-on training and will assist in planting 1,200 trees in the Bridgeton area.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 39, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cohanzick Nature Reserve"}, {"start": 119, "end": 124, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,200"}, {"start": 138, "end": 147, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bridgeton"}]}
{"unique_index": 20177, "source_text": "The 12-page report “Notes from the Border” was published by Meridian Health Network on December 2029 with help from Joseph Kamau. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 6, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 20, "end": 41, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Notes from the Border"}, {"start": 60, "end": 83, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meridian Health Network"}, {"start": 87, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2029"}, {"start": 116, "end": 128, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph Kamau"}]}
{"unique_index": 57, "source_text": "Atlantic Restructuring Group , headquartered in Miami , reported yesterday that their distressed debt portfolio exceeded 5billion under management. Chief Investment Officer David James Thompson emphasized the importance of strategic positioning in Southeast markets during market downturns .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlantic Restructuring Group"}, {"start": 48, "end": 53, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Miami"}, {"start": 65, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "yesterday"}, {"start": 121, "end": 129, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5billion"}, {"start": 148, "end": 172, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Investment Officer"}, {"start": 173, "end": 193, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David James Thompson"}, {"start": 248, "end": 257, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast"}]}
{"unique_index": 99, "source_text": "The Project Performance Audit Report (PPAR) for the Carajas project stresses that, while environmental management in the area directly under CVRD's control was excellent, and the Special Project for protection of nearby Amerindians did bring significant benefits, the Bank and CVRD failed to anticipate the contribution of this project to degradation of the physical environment and human conditions in the project's indirect area of influence, due to strong migrant inflows in the area facilitated, inter alia, by the construction of the Carajas railroad\\. Chief among these effects are social problems, in particular deteriorating health conditions in rapidly growing frontier towns unable to provide basic sanitation systems; pressure on Amerindian communities from settlers, prospectors and loggers; and rural violence\\. Physical deterioration of the environment in the Carajas corridor is evident in erosion and land degradation caused by deforestation, and is attributed to poverty (subsistence needs of poor migrants), government colonization schemes, fiscal and credit subsidies to unsustainable agriculture and livestock activities, land speculation and logging\\. 1.27 Although it is difficult to isolate the share of CVRD and other unrelated programs (the Belem-Brasilia and Belem-Sao Luis highways, the Tucurui dam, the COLONE colonization Deforestation of the Amazon reduces the area's capacity as a carbon sink, while burning of the forest contributes directly to carbon emissions\\.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 36, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Project Performance Audit Report"}, {"start": 38, "end": 42, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PPAR"}, {"start": 141, "end": 145, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CVRD"}, {"start": 277, "end": 281, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CVRD"}, {"start": 539, "end": 555, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Carajas railroad"}, {"start": 874, "end": 890, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Carajas corridor"}, {"start": 1227, "end": 1231, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CVRD"}, {"start": 1266, "end": 1280, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belem-Brasilia"}, {"start": 1285, "end": 1299, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belem-Sao Luis"}, {"start": 1314, "end": 1325, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tucurui dam"}, {"start": 1331, "end": 1337, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "COLONE"}, {"start": 1372, "end": 1378, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Amazon"}]}
{"unique_index": 263, "source_text": "A post claiming that India’s passport ranking declined from 76th in 2014 to 125th in 2026 after Narendra Modi became Prime Minister of India is being widely circulated on social media platforms (here, here, and here). Through this article, let us fact-check the claim made in", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 26, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 68, "end": 72, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 85, "end": 89, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 96, "end": 109, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Narendra Modi"}, {"start": 117, "end": 131, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 135, "end": 140, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20091, "source_text": "After six hours, public defender Diego Ferreira left Urban Safety Council for a role in Cedar Hall. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six hours"}, {"start": 17, "end": 32, "label": "JOB", "value": "public defender"}, {"start": 33, "end": 47, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Diego Ferreira"}, {"start": 53, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Urban Safety Council"}, {"start": 88, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cedar Hall"}]}
{"unique_index": 486, "source_text": "Transgender women in Bihar state lost welfare payments after India amended its transgender rights laws.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 26, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bihar"}, {"start": 61, "end": 66, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20133, "source_text": "Leo Andersen visited Taipei, then emailed Civic Data Alliance from Baku on February 8, 2027. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leo Andersen"}, {"start": 21, "end": 27, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Taipei"}, {"start": 42, "end": 61, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Data Alliance"}, {"start": 67, "end": 71, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Baku"}, {"start": 75, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 8, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20143, "source_text": "The Singapore office belongs to Summit Aviation Institute, not Bridgeway Logistics, said flight instructor Omar Haddad. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 13, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 32, "end": 57, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Summit Aviation Institute"}, {"start": 63, "end": 82, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bridgeway Logistics"}, {"start": 89, "end": 106, "label": "JOB", "value": "flight instructor"}, {"start": 107, "end": 118, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Omar Haddad"}]}
{"unique_index": 395, "source_text": "Options include filing for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 for liquidation or under Chapter 11 for restructuring, or continue trying to secure funds to relaunch as a scaled down organization.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20065, "source_text": "Urban ecologist Lucas Meyer joined Redwood Climate Center in Pioneer Technology Park on May 7, 2028. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "JOB", "value": "Urban ecologist"}, {"start": 16, "end": 27, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lucas Meyer"}, {"start": 35, "end": 57, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Redwood Climate Center"}, {"start": 61, "end": 84, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pioneer Technology Park"}, {"start": 88, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 108, "source_text": "The passage of New York's statewide moratorium marks the speed at which the movement is growing — and winning — in both blue and red parts of the country.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 23, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York"}, {"start": 115, "end": 119, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 506, "source_text": "Women, volleyball and Kiryandongo. On a rough field inside Kiryandongo refugee settlement, displaced women are building a volleyball community that gives girls room to compete, form friendships and recover a sense of agency after war.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 33, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Women, volleyball and Kiryandongo"}, {"start": 59, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kiryandongo refugee settlement"}]}
{"unique_index": 166, "source_text": "Zimbabwe is using telehealth and empathy-led care to reconnect deported migrants with HIV treatment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zimbabwe"}]}
{"unique_index": 20049, "source_text": "Unlike Helios Manufacturing, MotionKit is a product rather than a company; Felix Weber tested it in Greenwood Arts Center on March 21, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 27, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}, {"start": 29, "end": 38, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MotionKit"}, {"start": 75, "end": 86, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Felix Weber"}, {"start": 100, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Greenwood Arts Center"}, {"start": 125, "end": 139, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 21, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 615, "source_text": "\"Sometimes they say that we came to take their land. But how can we do that? We don’t have anything here.\"", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 54, "source_text": "Top job at International Rescue Committee charity includes number of perks . Complimentary private health care and gold-plated, tax-free pension . Likely to be paid five times salary of Labour MP for 37-and-a-half hour week .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 41, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Rescue Committee"}, {"start": 165, "end": 175, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five times"}, {"start": 186, "end": 192, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Labour"}, {"start": 193, "end": 195, "label": "JOB", "value": "MP"}, {"start": 200, "end": 223, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "37-and-a-half hour week"}]}
{"unique_index": 361, "source_text": "Immigrant women turn skills and passions into businesses run from home. For some immigrant women, businesses run from home offer income and greater control over their schedules after setbacks in Canada’s labour market—but financing, childcare and business guidance remain difficult to access.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Immigrant women turn skills and passions into businesses run from home"}, {"start": 195, "end": 201, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}]}
{"unique_index": 20118, "source_text": "Flight instructor Isabella Moretti discussed “A Measure of Light” with Summit Aviation Institute in Eastgate Clinic. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "Flight instructor"}, {"start": 18, "end": 34, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Isabella Moretti"}, {"start": 46, "end": 64, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Measure of Light"}, {"start": 71, "end": 96, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Summit Aviation Institute"}, {"start": 100, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eastgate Clinic"}]}
{"unique_index": 462, "source_text": "At least 21 Russian politicians have been charged with displaying “extremist” or Nazi symbols — charges that bar them from running for office — ahead of elections to the State Duma, the lower house of Russia’s parliament, according to Novaya Gazeta Europe, an independent Russian news outlet.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 11, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21"}, {"start": 20, "end": 31, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 170, "end": 180, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Duma"}, {"start": 201, "end": 207, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 235, "end": 255, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Novaya Gazeta Europe"}]}
{"unique_index": 483, "source_text": "Wildberries will resume operations at its Kotovsk warehouse in the Tambov region on July 23, five days after Ukrainian drones struck the facility in the early hours of July 18.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildberries"}, {"start": 42, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kotovsk"}, {"start": 67, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tambov region"}, {"start": 84, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 23"}, {"start": 93, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five days"}, {"start": 153, "end": 175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early hours of July 18"}]}
{"unique_index": 134, "source_text": "TL;DR Data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) shows that floods accounted for 361 deaths in 2024, far higher than 39 deaths due to torrential rains and 19 deaths due to cyclones and tornadoes. Over the last decade, flood-related deaths peaked at 959 in 2020 before declining to their lowest level of 266 in", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 49, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Crime Records Bureau"}, {"start": 51, "end": 55, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCRB"}, {"start": 89, "end": 92, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "361"}, {"start": 103, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 125, "end": 127, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "39"}, {"start": 163, "end": 165, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "19"}, {"start": 213, "end": 224, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last decade"}, {"start": 257, "end": 260, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "959"}, {"start": 264, "end": 268, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 311, "end": 314, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "266"}]}
{"unique_index": 510, "source_text": "The ongoing ‘murder-suicide’ of our living Rio Grande Valley (ie. economic development) has the same billionaire overlord vibe as the slave-picked cotton profits fought for by ‘Rip’ Ford in 1865.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 60, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rio Grande Valley"}, {"start": 190, "end": 194, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1865"}]}
{"unique_index": 129, "source_text": "The Studio Museum in Harlem reopened its doors in November 2025 following seven years of construction and renovation. In a completely redesigned setting, this New York institution, founded in 1968 to showcase artists of African descent, highlights the richness of Black artistic practice from the 19th century to the present day. For Thelma Golden, its director since 2005, this new building embodies the mission of the Studio Museum: a vibrant, multifaceted space open both to the iconic neighborhood of Black American culture and the world.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Studio Museum"}, {"start": 21, "end": 27, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Harlem"}, {"start": 50, "end": 63, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 74, "end": 85, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven years"}, {"start": 159, "end": 167, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New York"}, {"start": 192, "end": 196, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1968"}, {"start": 297, "end": 309, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "19th century"}, {"start": 317, "end": 328, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "present day"}, {"start": 334, "end": 347, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thelma Golden"}, {"start": 353, "end": 361, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 368, "end": 372, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2005"}, {"start": 420, "end": 433, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Studio Museum"}, {"start": 470, "end": 474, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20242, "source_text": "At 14:45, school principal Layla Osman reviewed “Roads to Common Ground” on LumenPad from Silver Lake Reserve. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14:45"}, {"start": 10, "end": 26, "label": "JOB", "value": "school principal"}, {"start": 27, "end": 38, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Layla Osman"}, {"start": 49, "end": 71, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Roads to Common Ground"}, {"start": 76, "end": 84, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LumenPad"}, {"start": 90, "end": 109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silver Lake Reserve"}]}
{"unique_index": 450, "source_text": "The Public Record's first open data release covers every Hamilton building permit filed since 2011 — with monthly updates going forward. Council voting records, attendance, and more will be released as open data in the coming weeks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Public Record"}, {"start": 57, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hamilton"}, {"start": 94, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2011"}, {"start": 106, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 219, "end": 231, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "coming weeks"}]}
{"unique_index": 290, "source_text": "McMaster, SHARCNET, and the Digital Research Alliance of Canada will present the case for data centres Tuesday, one day before Council holds final vote on moratorium", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 8, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "McMaster"}, {"start": 10, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SHARCNET"}, {"start": 28, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Digital Research Alliance of Canada"}, {"start": 103, "end": 110, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday"}, {"start": 112, "end": 119, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one day"}]}
{"unique_index": 213, "source_text": "Maria Pevchikh announced that Georgy Alburov will take over from her as head of the Anti-Corruption Foundation’s investigations unit.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria Pevchikh"}, {"start": 30, "end": 44, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Georgy Alburov"}, {"start": 72, "end": 76, "label": "JOB", "value": "head"}, {"start": 84, "end": 110, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Anti-Corruption Foundation"}]}
{"unique_index": 20219, "source_text": "MotionKit failed after operating for one year, so industrial designer Tariq Saleh diagnosed the problem at Helios Manufacturing in Bridgeway Station. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "MotionKit"}, {"start": 37, "end": 45, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one year"}, {"start": 50, "end": 69, "label": "JOB", "value": "industrial designer"}, {"start": 70, "end": 81, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tariq Saleh"}, {"start": 107, "end": 127, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}, {"start": 131, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bridgeway Station"}]}
{"unique_index": 457, "source_text": "A Chelyabinsk urbanist who had been running for a seat on the City Council has dropped out of the race. Mikhail Popov, who jumped from a second-floor window and broke his spine when police came to his home on July 13, announced his withdrawal on the morning of July 20.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 13, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chelyabinsk"}, {"start": 14, "end": 22, "label": "JOB", "value": "urbanist"}, {"start": 62, "end": 74, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "City Council"}, {"start": 104, "end": 117, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mikhail Popov"}, {"start": 209, "end": 216, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 13"}, {"start": 250, "end": 268, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "morning of July 20"}]}
{"unique_index": 20237, "source_text": "Sunrise Media Group published “Mapping Tomorrow”, while Pioneer Newsroom released the companion app NimbusNote on Friday morning. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sunrise Media Group"}, {"start": 31, "end": 47, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Mapping Tomorrow"}, {"start": 56, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pioneer Newsroom"}, {"start": 100, "end": 110, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 114, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 20214, "source_text": "North Pier Terminal hosted Silverline Studios's screening of “Seven Days in Harbor City”; Arjun Mehta attended on November 17, 2027. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Pier Terminal"}, {"start": 27, "end": 45, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Silverline Studios"}, {"start": 62, "end": 87, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Seven Days in Harbor City"}, {"start": 90, "end": 101, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Arjun Mehta"}, {"start": 114, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 17, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 221, "source_text": "Why Venezuela’s earthquakes were so devastating: Geology, vulnerability, and years of structural neglect. The dual earthquakes revealed how geology, corruption, and a longstanding humanitarian emergency amplified destruction across La Guaira, Caracas and seven other Venezuelan cities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 104, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Why Venezuela’s earthquakes were so devastating: Geology, vulnerability, and years of structural neglect"}, {"start": 232, "end": 241, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "La Guaira"}, {"start": 243, "end": 250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 255, "end": 260, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}]}
{"unique_index": 7, "source_text": "You'll never have to shovel your driveway again if you install these snow-melting mats SHARES Published 7:55 PM ET Thu, 4 Jan 2018 show chapters Updated Moments Ago | 01:14 After a week of bone-chilling temperatures across much of the United States, a massive winter storm pounded the Eastern Seaboard, forcing millions outside to shovel their driveways. Shoveling snow is not only a chore, its' also dangerous. A national study found that between 1990 and 2006 there were 11,500 snow shoveling-related injuries each year, according to the American Journal of Emergency Medicine. And while some people will be heading outside to shovel others are turning to heated driveways. The company WarmlyYours, which provides radiant heating solutions, has created snow-melting mats. The mats are designed to be installed under asphalt as a driveway is built or resurfaced. During the winter months, they heat up and melt the snow on the surface above them. After installing the snow melting system, you can choose to set it to different specifications like air temperature or moisture level on the pavement. The mats cost between $10 to $20 per square foot.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 104, "end": 130, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7:55 PM ET Thu, 4 Jan 2018"}, {"start": 153, "end": 164, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Moments Ago"}, {"start": 167, "end": 172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "01:14"}, {"start": 181, "end": 185, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "week"}, {"start": 235, "end": 248, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 285, "end": 301, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eastern Seaboard"}, {"start": 311, "end": 319, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 448, "end": 461, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990 and 2006"}, {"start": 473, "end": 479, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11,500"}, {"start": 512, "end": 521, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each year"}, {"start": 540, "end": 578, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "American Journal of Emergency Medicine"}, {"start": 688, "end": 699, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "WarmlyYours"}, {"start": 875, "end": 888, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "winter months"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1124, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 1129, "end": 1131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}]}
{"unique_index": 377, "source_text": "Russia and Ukraine again exchanged the bodies of fallen soldiers, State Duma deputy Shamsail Saraliyev told the business news outlet RBC. Russia handed over 501 bodies to Ukraine and received 31 in exchange, Saraliyev said. Ukraine had not confirmed the exchange at the time of publication.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 11, "end": 18, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 66, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Duma"}, {"start": 77, "end": 83, "label": "JOB", "value": "deputy"}, {"start": 84, "end": 102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shamsail Saraliyev"}, {"start": 133, "end": 136, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RBC"}, {"start": 138, "end": 144, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 157, "end": 160, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "501"}, {"start": 171, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 192, "end": 194, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31"}, {"start": 208, "end": 217, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saraliyev"}, {"start": 224, "end": 231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 266, "end": 289, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the time of publication"}]}
{"unique_index": 20103, "source_text": "Harborlight Foundation's community organizer, Jonas Berg, spoke in Lakeview Sports Arena at 5:50 a.m. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Harborlight Foundation"}, {"start": 25, "end": 44, "label": "JOB", "value": "community organizer"}, {"start": 46, "end": 56, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jonas Berg"}, {"start": 67, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lakeview Sports Arena"}, {"start": 92, "end": 101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "5:50 a.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 599, "source_text": "On July 23, when the Cockroach Janta Party(CJP)-led protest in Delhi demanding the resignation of Union education minister Dharmendra Pradhan was at its peak, a five-second video went viral, in which a man could be seen chanting “Nara-e-Takbir” and the crowd responded with “Allah Hu Akbar.” Sharing this clip, several BJP leaders and supporters claimed", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 23"}, {"start": 21, "end": 42, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cockroach Janta Party"}, {"start": 43, "end": 46, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CJP"}, {"start": 63, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi"}, {"start": 98, "end": 122, "label": "JOB", "value": "Union education minister"}, {"start": 123, "end": 141, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dharmendra Pradhan"}, {"start": 161, "end": 172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five-second"}, {"start": 311, "end": 318, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 319, "end": 322, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BJP"}, {"start": 323, "end": 330, "label": "JOB", "value": "leaders"}]}
{"unique_index": 302, "source_text": "Hamilton City Council has decided to not release any of the terms or the amount of money involved. Ontario's freedom of information laws permit municipalities to keep secret the terms and conditions of expropriation settlements.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hamilton City Council"}, {"start": 99, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ontario"}]}
{"unique_index": 559, "source_text": "Speakers at Saturday's ‘Apply Heat’ day of action decried the rising numbers of ICE-related deaths and called for long-term resistance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 20, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 80, "end": 83, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICE"}]}
{"unique_index": 20240, "source_text": "At 9:30 a.m., investigative reporter Nadia Hussein reviewed “The River Between Us” on NimbusNote from Riga. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9:30 a.m."}, {"start": 14, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "investigative reporter"}, {"start": 37, "end": 50, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nadia Hussein"}, {"start": 61, "end": 81, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The River Between Us"}, {"start": 86, "end": 96, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "NimbusNote"}, {"start": 102, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Riga"}]}
{"unique_index": 20218, "source_text": "WaveMonitor failed after operating for four weeks, so water quality specialist Isabella Moretti diagnosed the problem at Metro Water Laboratory in Eastgate Clinic. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WaveMonitor"}, {"start": 39, "end": 49, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four weeks"}, {"start": 54, "end": 78, "label": "JOB", "value": "water quality specialist"}, {"start": 79, "end": 95, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Isabella Moretti"}, {"start": 121, "end": 143, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro Water Laboratory"}, {"start": 147, "end": 162, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eastgate Clinic"}]}
{"unique_index": 20165, "source_text": "On September 23, 2027, Redwood Climate Center paid USD 6,200 to Lucas Meyer for 90 minutes of consulting work. The result was documented in the public archive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 23, 2027"}, {"start": 23, "end": 45, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Redwood Climate Center"}, {"start": 55, "end": 60, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6,200"}, {"start": 64, "end": 75, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lucas Meyer"}, {"start": 80, "end": 90, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "90 minutes"}]}
{"unique_index": 271, "source_text": "As Wisconsin embarks on a new commutation process, Shannon Ross calls on elected leaders to put data, accountability and public safety ahead of politics.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Wisconsin"}, {"start": 51, "end": 63, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shannon Ross"}]}
{"unique_index": 20074, "source_text": "Nora Jensen works as industrial designer for Helios Manufacturing and supervises 12 staff in Melbourne. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nora Jensen"}, {"start": 21, "end": 40, "label": "JOB", "value": "industrial designer"}, {"start": 45, "end": 65, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Helios Manufacturing"}, {"start": 81, "end": 83, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 93, "end": 102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melbourne"}]}
{"unique_index": 33, "source_text": "For the coming fiscal quarter , our Assurance in Andreanneboro expects a rise in sales by about $ 784,700.78 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 29, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "coming fiscal quarter"}, {"start": 49, "end": 62, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Andreanneboro"}, {"start": 98, "end": 108, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "784,700.78"}]}
{"unique_index": 20116, "source_text": "Public defender Grace Kim discussed “After the Sirens” with Urban Safety Council in Tbilisi. A second review found no unresolved safety issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 15, "label": "JOB", "value": "Public defender"}, {"start": 16, "end": 25, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Grace Kim"}, {"start": 37, "end": 53, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "After the Sirens"}, {"start": 60, "end": 80, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Urban Safety Council"}, {"start": 84, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tbilisi"}]}
{"unique_index": 20017, "source_text": "The network administrator compared BridgeCloud with WaveMonitor during a workshop in Valencia on October 2, 2028. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 25, "label": "JOB", "value": "network administrator"}, {"start": 35, "end": 46, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "BridgeCloud"}, {"start": 52, "end": 63, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WaveMonitor"}, {"start": 85, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Valencia"}, {"start": 97, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2, 2028"}]}
{"unique_index": 321, "source_text": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signed an executive order Tuesday implementing a one-year moratorium on data center permits while the state develops regulatory protections for communities and the environment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "JOB", "value": "Gov."}, {"start": 5, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kathy Hochul"}, {"start": 44, "end": 51, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday"}, {"start": 67, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one-year"}]}
{"unique_index": 296, "source_text": "Council votes to act following years of consultant reports recommending the Market be run more like a business, with improved offerings and hours to meet customer preferences.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 50, "label": "JOB", "value": "consultant"}]}
{"unique_index": 130, "source_text": "UNESCO-designated sites: where nature and communities still thrive. Whether they are World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves or Global Geoparks, UNESCO-designated sites form a unique network of places where nature and people continue to thrive together. In its new report, People and Nature in UNESCO-designated sites: local and global contributions (2026), UNESCO reveals that life inside these sites is proving far more resilient than elsewhere. These landscapes sustain species, cultures and livelihoods on a global scale. But the window to protect them is narrowing fast.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "UNESCO-designated sites: where nature and communities still thrive"}, {"start": 274, "end": 350, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "People and Nature in UNESCO-designated sites: local and global contributions"}, {"start": 352, "end": 356, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 359, "end": 365, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}]}
{"unique_index": 36, "source_text": "The Privacy Law safeguards the end-users' data; regulations state that the sharing of one's 931 and Genderflux is prohibited unless expressly allowed.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 38, "source_text": "We're organizing an Arts in Education event 89.2105,41.0809 . It's sponsored by Savings Account . They donated RM 1.2 million for this. Expect stellar performances.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 114, "end": 125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.2 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 562, "source_text": "To fill openings for nurses, surgical techs and more, UW Health pays staff to train for new health careers, on the clock. Now, as other states struggle to find enough health workers, the company wants to show them how it’s done.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 27, "label": "JOB", "value": "nurses"}, {"start": 29, "end": 43, "label": "JOB", "value": "surgical techs"}, {"start": 54, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UW Health"}, {"start": 122, "end": 125, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 167, "end": 181, "label": "JOB", "value": "health workers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20104, "source_text": "Atlas Research Institute's climate scientist, Sara Lindholm, spoke in Nairobi at midnight. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 24, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlas Research Institute"}, {"start": 27, "end": 44, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate scientist"}, {"start": 46, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sara Lindholm"}, {"start": 70, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nairobi"}, {"start": 81, "end": 89, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "midnight"}]}
{"unique_index": 120, "source_text": "As traditional media grapples with crisis, journalism schools are adapting, but broader university reforms struggle to keep up with the frantic rhythm of technological shifts.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20058, "source_text": "Civic Data Alliance renamed its tool ClearVote; Priya Nair announced the change in Kyoto on April 4, 2027. Independent observers attended the final demonstration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Data Alliance"}, {"start": 37, "end": 46, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ClearVote"}, {"start": 48, "end": 58, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Priya Nair"}, {"start": 83, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyoto"}, {"start": 92, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 4, 2027"}]}
{"unique_index": 20192, "source_text": "On December 2, 2027, BrightPath Telecom appointed Layla Osman as network administrator and added 12 staff in Silver Lake Reserve over two decades. The team published a plain-language summary afterward.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2, 2027"}, {"start": 21, "end": 39, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BrightPath Telecom"}, {"start": 50, "end": 61, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Layla Osman"}, {"start": 65, "end": 86, "label": "JOB", "value": "network administrator"}, {"start": 97, "end": 99, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 109, "end": 128, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silver Lake Reserve"}, {"start": 134, "end": 145, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades"}]}
{"unique_index": 139, "source_text": "TL;DR Non-communicable disease risk factors increasingly shape India’s health profile. NFHS-6 shows that the incidence of overweight or obesity and elevated blood sugar has increased among both men and women compared to NFHS-5, while elevated hypertension has declined slightly. Southern states continue to report the highest prevalence for most indicators, although several other states have", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 87, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NFHS-6"}, {"start": 189, "end": 193, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 220, "end": 226, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NFHS-5"}]}
{"unique_index": 190, "source_text": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #5. Think you know South Africa’s health system? Put your knowledge to the test with Bhekisisa’s health crossword. Drawing on years of reporting, investigations, data and policy coverage, the puzzle offers a fun way to explore the stories, issues and people that have shaped healthcare in South Africa. Stuck on a clue? The answers are waiting", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "BHEKISISA CROSSWORD #5"}, {"start": 39, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 105, "end": 114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bhekisisa"}, {"start": 309, "end": 321, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 308, "source_text": "In the fifth year of the full-scale war in Ukraine, it is hard to imagine, but there was a time when leaders from across the world flew to Russia to discuss major international issues with Vladimir Putin. In 2006, when Russia still belonged to the Group of 8, President George W. Bush of the United States, President Jacques Chirac of France, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, Prime Minister Romano Prodi of Italy, Prime Minister Tony Blair of Britain, Prime Minister Stephen Harper of Canada, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi of Japan, Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen of Finland and José Manuel Barroso, the president of the European Commission, all descended on St. Petersburg for a three-day summit meeting. The leaders of Kazakhstan, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, China and the Republic of Congo were there as observers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 50, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 139, "end": 145, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 189, "end": 203, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vladimir Putin"}, {"start": 208, "end": 212, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}, {"start": 219, "end": 225, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 248, "end": 258, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Group of 8"}, {"start": 260, "end": 269, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 270, "end": 284, "label": "PERSON", "value": "George W. Bush"}, {"start": 292, "end": 305, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 307, "end": 316, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 317, "end": 331, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jacques Chirac"}, {"start": 335, "end": 341, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 343, "end": 353, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chancellor"}, {"start": 354, "end": 367, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Angela Merkel"}, {"start": 371, "end": 378, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 380, "end": 394, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 395, "end": 407, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Romano Prodi"}, {"start": 411, "end": 416, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 418, "end": 432, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 433, "end": 443, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tony Blair"}, {"start": 447, "end": 454, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Britain"}, {"start": 456, "end": 470, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 471, "end": 485, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephen Harper"}, {"start": 489, "end": 495, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 497, "end": 511, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 512, "end": 529, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Junichiro Koizumi"}, {"start": 533, "end": 538, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 540, "end": 554, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 555, "end": 569, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matti Vanhanen"}, {"start": 573, "end": 580, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Finland"}, {"start": 585, "end": 604, "label": "PERSON", "value": "José Manuel Barroso"}, {"start": 610, "end": 619, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 627, "end": 646, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Commission"}, {"start": 665, "end": 679, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "St. Petersburg"}, {"start": 686, "end": 695, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three-day"}, {"start": 727, "end": 737, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 739, "end": 745, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 747, "end": 753, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 755, "end": 767, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 769, "end": 774, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 776, "end": 781, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 790, "end": 807, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Republic of Congo"}]}
{"unique_index": 334, "source_text": "The Russian streetwear brand Marcelo Miracles is on the verge of shutting down. Its founder, Mark Rodovsky, announced the news in a video that appeared on July 14 on his Instagram page and the company’s social media accounts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 45, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Marcelo Miracles"}, {"start": 84, "end": 91, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 93, "end": 106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mark Rodovsky"}, {"start": 155, "end": 162, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 14"}, {"start": 170, "end": 179, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}]}
{"unique_index": 373, "source_text": "Exposure to hazardous air conditions could cause problems for residents, who are being urged to stay indoors.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 30, "source_text": "Assigned to Male patient in the primary care department who stands 3 feet 1 inches .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 67, "end": 68, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 74, "end": 75, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}]}
{"unique_index": 151, "source_text": "As Chow Sai-him and Princess Cheung Ping recognise the Ming dynasty cannot be restored, many Hongkongers likewise struggle with the possibility that the HK they once knew may never return.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 15, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chow Sai-him"}, {"start": 29, "end": 40, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cheung Ping"}, {"start": 153, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "HK"}]}
{"unique_index": 20154, "source_text": "Sara Lindholm arrived in Nairobi before meeting Atlas Research Institute's climate scientist at 18:15. The decision was recorded in the meeting minutes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sara Lindholm"}, {"start": 25, "end": 32, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nairobi"}, {"start": 48, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlas Research Institute"}, {"start": 75, "end": 92, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate scientist"}, {"start": 96, "end": 101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18:15"}]}
{"unique_index": 20260, "source_text": "Meet Filip Ondrušek, the Austrian-Slavic chef who believes that local food reflects national history\n\nFilip Ondrušek is an internationally recognized chef, ecologist and activist with Austrian and Slavic roots, who combines his interest in culture and food identity with his extensive experience in high-end gastronomy and sustainable practices. At just 29 years old, he is currently based in São Paulo, Brazil, having lived in various locations and visited over 30 countries — across and beyond Europe — collaborating with top global chefs and restaurants. He has served as a creative chef in both two- and three-Michelin-starred restaurants, designing innovative culinary concepts that merge tradition and modernity. Among others, these prestigious restaurants have included Central (Peru), Koks (Faroe Islands), Amador (Austria), Brae (Australia), Narisawa (Japan), Azurmendi (Spain), Alo (Canada), Smyth (USA), and Alto (Venezuela). Despite such international experience, however, he never forgets his cultural roots and remains deeply interested in cultural and food traditions in central and southeastern Europe. In Autumn 2025, Ondrušek was an honorary guest at Bulgaria's Traditional Cheese Festival .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 100, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Meet Filip Ondrušek, the Austrian-Slavic chef who believes that local food reflects national history"}, {"start": 102, "end": 116, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Filip Ondrušek"}, {"start": 150, "end": 154, "label": "JOB", "value": "chef"}, {"start": 170, "end": 178, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 354, "end": 366, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "29 years old"}, {"start": 374, "end": 383, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 393, "end": 402, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "São Paulo"}, {"start": 404, "end": 410, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 463, "end": 465, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 496, "end": 502, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 535, "end": 540, "label": "JOB", "value": "chefs"}, {"start": 586, "end": 590, "label": "JOB", "value": "chef"}, {"start": 594, "end": 598, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 786, "end": 790, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Peru"}, {"start": 799, "end": 812, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Faroe Islands"}, {"start": 823, "end": 830, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Austria"}, {"start": 839, "end": 848, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 861, "end": 866, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 880, "end": 885, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Spain"}, {"start": 893, "end": 899, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 909, "end": 912, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "USA"}, {"start": 925, "end": 934, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 1111, "end": 1117, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Autumn"}, {"start": 1129, "end": 1133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1143, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ondrušek"}, {"start": 1169, "end": 1177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bulgaria"}]}
{"unique_index": 20261, "source_text": "He is known for unique flavor combinations and a signature approach that merges classical and traditional techniques with modern creativity. Following Slow Food and Demeter principles and using biodynamic and seasonal ingredients, he creates dishes that respect the integrity of the products. Nevena Borisova (NB): How would you differentiate the Austrian and Slavic cultures and their culinary traditions? Filip Ondrušek (FO): Austrian and Slavic cultures differ in their culinary expressions, yet they complement each other beautifully. Austrian cuisine is structured, precise, and deeply influenced by courtly traditions, craftsmanship, and a focus on technique. There is a clear hierarchy of flavors, and every detail — from preparation to presentation — is intentional. Precision and methodical execution are highly valued. Slavic tradition, on the other hand, is more intuitive, emotive, and deeply connected to family, local ingredients, and everyday life. Recipes were often born from what was available rather than rigid instructions, carrying strong cultural and emotional significance. The flavor is as much about memory and identity as it is about technique. For me, the most fascinating aspect is bridging these worlds — merging Austrian precision with Slavic emotional authenticity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 293, "end": 308, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nevena Borisova"}, {"start": 407, "end": 421, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Filip Ondrušek"}]}
{"unique_index": 20262, "source_text": "Modern reinterpretation of traditional dishes can maintain technical excellence while preserving the emotion, identity, and memories embedded in the food. NB: What shared cultural specifics and culinary traditions have you noticed across countries and continents? FO: Through my travels, I have observed that despite geographic and ethnic differences, there are universal values in gastronomy. One of the strongest is respect for ingredients and seasonality. Traditional cuisines, whether in Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, or Latin America, developed from the availability of local produce, with careful attention to nature and minimizing waste. Another universal value is the social and familial dimension of food. Recipes are passed down not merely as technical instructions but as carriers of culture, emotion and identity. Food holds the memory of generations and creates a sense of belonging. This ties closely to history, as food becomes a living document of a society's past. From a culinary perspective, many techniques are universal: fermentation, curing, smoking, pickling, and slow cooking emerged independently worldwide as practical responses to preserving food and maximizing ingredient usage. These principles remain highly relevant today and form the foundation of authentic, sustainable cuisine.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 512, "end": 518, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 520, "end": 524, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 529, "end": 542, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1019, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1251, "end": 1256, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20263, "source_text": "In Central and Eastern Europe, I see particular emphasis on hospitality, the heartiness of meals, and family-centered dining. These principles resonate with many other global cuisines, showing that while forms differ, the underlying values are strikingly similar. Understanding these common layers allows me to work with both local and global perspectives, balancing tradition and modern culinary expression. NB: If national history is reflected in food traditions, how has it influenced Central and Eastern European cuisine? FO: I firmly believe that national history is one of the most powerful forces shaping food traditions. Cuisine acts as a living document, responding to wars, migrations, political shifts, economic crises, and periods of abundance. In Central and Eastern Europe, this historical imprint is particularly tangible. Many traditional recipes were born out of necessity, shaped by available resources and survival needs. Root vegetables, fermented foods, potatoes and cabbage became staples, carrying the memory and identity of entire regions. The Austro-Hungarian Empire left a shared culinary heritage, evident in dumplings, pastries, sauces, and meat preparation techniques. Later political regimes simplified dishes and suppressed regional diversity, further shaping culinary identity. History imprints itself systematically, not randomly.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 29, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 157, "end": 161, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 780, "end": 786, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 838, "end": 842, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20264, "source_text": "As a chef, I strive to understand these layers, working with them so that the dishes I create not only taste remarkable but also tell the story of place, people, and generational knowledge. Modern interpretation can preserve authenticity and emotion while giving food a contemporary language. NB: How did socialism affect local food traditions and recipes? What were the positives and negatives? FO: Socialism had a significant and dual impact on gastronomy. On the positive side, it fostered resourcefulness, teaching people to cook efficiently, use every part of an ingredient, and create satisfying meals with limited resources. These practices — seasonal cooking, minimal waste, and home-based culinary creativity — remain relevant today, especially in the context of sustainability and zero-waste approaches. On the negative side, socialism led to homogenized flavors, centralized production, and a suppression of regional diversity. Many local recipes were simplified or lost their original character. Culinary creativity was often limited, and the richness of regional gastronomy was diminished. Overall, the positives and negatives were relatively balanced. The system left a strong culture of practical, resource-conscious cooking, but weakened regional uniqueness and culinary diversity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 9, "label": "JOB", "value": "chef"}, {"start": 736, "end": 741, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 939, "end": 943, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20265, "source_text": "Today, chefs face the challenge of preserving the valuable lessons while reviving local identity, creativity, and depth. NB: How do contemporary chefs balance traditional recipes with modern culinary trends? FO: From my perspective, the balance between tradition and modernity is at the core of contemporary cuisine. The flavors of childhood — the tastes and memories associated with meals from parents or grandparents — form the mental and emotional foundation for understanding food. These flavors carry cultural identity, history, and emotion, which must never be lost in reinterpretation. Modern techniques, innovative presentations, and new culinary approaches can enhance traditional dishes, but they should never overshadow the original intent or essence. A dish should evoke emotion and familiarity while speaking in a contemporary language. Achieving this balance requires understanding of ingredients, techniques, and the cultural context of each recipe. In practice, this means carefully analyzing traditional recipes, identifying their core identity — be it a texture, flavor profile, or emotional resonance — and then thoughtfully integrating modern elements. Whether through sous-vide precision, new plating aesthetics, or molecular techniques, the goal is to honor tradition while creating a meaningful, sensory experience for today’s diners.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 7, "end": 12, "label": "JOB", "value": "chefs"}, {"start": 145, "end": 150, "label": "JOB", "value": "chefs"}, {"start": 1342, "end": 1347, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20266, "source_text": "NB: Has part of local food authenticity has been lost due to modernization, fast food, etc.? FO: I believe that modernization and the global spread of fast food have contributed to a measurable loss of authenticity in local cuisine. Fast food promotes convenience over connection to ingredients, process, and memory. While it meets certain societal needs, it often diminishes the value of traditions and the emotional depth associated with home-prepared meals. NB: Can we somehow use the modernization for good? FO: Modernization itself is not inherently negative. When approached responsibly, it can reinterpret traditions without erasing them. Authenticity is not defined by rigidity but by respect — for ingredients, regional methods, and culinary stories. Our responsibility is to safeguard these values, translating them into contemporary contexts in ways that engage today’s audience while preserving emotional resonance and cultural identity. In practical terms, this means balancing innovation with respect, integrating sustainable practices, elevating local and seasonal ingredients, and presenting traditional flavors in ways that remain recognizable, emotive, and culturally meaningful. Authenticity thrives not by resisting modernity, but by allowing it to enhance, not erase, the culinary narrative.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 873, "end": 878, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20267, "source_text": "What does Tarique Rahman’s return after nearly 17 years in exile mean for Bangladesh?\n\nEarlier this month, Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) Acting Chairman Tarique Rahman returned to the country after nearly 17 years in exile. Rahman, 60, an aspiring prime minister who has lived in the United Kingdom since fleeing Bangladesh in 2008 over what he described as a politically motivated persecution, arrived in the capital, Dhaka, on Thursday, January 8. His much-awaited homecoming was accompanied by overwhelming emotions and a huge public reception, with thousands of followers greeting him in Dhaka’s Purbanchal town. Who is Tarique Rahman? Tarique Rahman is the eldest son of former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia and former President Ziaur Rahman . In 2007, during the Sheikh Hasina government, he was charged with 84 counts of illegal activity , including corruption, money laundering, defamation, and murder, and sentenced to seven years in prison. His father, Ziaur Rahman, was a military officer turned political leader and founder of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP); he served as president from 1977 to 1981. Tarique Rahman was detained by the military-backed interim government from 2007 to 2008 and later released to go to the United Kingdom for medical treatment, where he remained in exile in London.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "What does Tarique Rahman’s return after nearly 17 years in exile mean for Bangladesh?"}, {"start": 95, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this month"}, {"start": 107, "end": 135, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 137, "end": 140, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 149, "end": 157, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chairman"}, {"start": 158, "end": 172, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 210, "end": 218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "17 years"}, {"start": 229, "end": 235, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 237, "end": 239, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 253, "end": 267, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 289, "end": 303, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 318, "end": 328, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 332, "end": 336, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 424, "end": 429, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 434, "end": 442, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Thursday"}, {"start": 444, "end": 453, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 8"}, {"start": 558, "end": 567, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 597, "end": 602, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 629, "end": 643, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 645, "end": 659, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 688, "end": 702, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 703, "end": 714, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}, {"start": 726, "end": 735, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 736, "end": 748, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ziaur Rahman"}, {"start": 754, "end": 758, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2007"}, {"start": 771, "end": 784, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 817, "end": 819, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "84"}, {"start": 930, "end": 941, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven years"}, {"start": 965, "end": 977, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ziaur Rahman"}, {"start": 994, "end": 1001, "label": "JOB", "value": "officer"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1037, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1073, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1078, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1103, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 1117, "end": 1121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1981"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1137, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 1198, "end": 1202, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2007"}, {"start": 1206, "end": 1210, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 1243, "end": 1257, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}]}
{"unique_index": 20268, "source_text": "He was charged with several crimes in his native country, including a connection with a plot to assassinate then-Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. However, on March 6, 2025, he was acquitted of most of the charges by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court. What does Tarique Rahman’s return mean for the BNP? Last December 24, BNP spokesperson Ruhul Kabir Rizvi described Rahman’s return as “ a defining political moment ” for the country. It is indeed a crucial period. The BNP is the leading opposition group in Bangladesh’s new political landscape, which emerged after the overthrow of the Awami League government led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina during the July Uprising . The movement launched by students on August 5, 2024, led to the toppling of the government and Hasina’s resignation. BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul-Islam Alamgir had stated that if the BNP were to return to power, three-time Prime Minister Khaleda Zia would again lead them as prime minister if she were healthy enough; otherwise, Tarique Rahman would be their nominee for prime minister.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 27, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 113, "end": 127, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 128, "end": 141, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 155, "end": 168, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 6, 2025"}, {"start": 243, "end": 256, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 268, "end": 282, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 305, "end": 308, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 315, "end": 326, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 24"}, {"start": 328, "end": 331, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 332, "end": 344, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokesperson"}, {"start": 345, "end": 362, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruhul Kabir Rizvi"}, {"start": 373, "end": 379, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 476, "end": 479, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 515, "end": 525, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 594, "end": 606, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 625, "end": 639, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 640, "end": 653, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 718, "end": 732, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 5, 2024"}, {"start": 776, "end": 782, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hasina"}, {"start": 798, "end": 801, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 802, "end": 811, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary"}, {"start": 820, "end": 847, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mirza Fakhrul-Islam Alamgir"}, {"start": 871, "end": 874, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 911, "end": 925, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 926, "end": 937, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}, {"start": 963, "end": 977, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1031, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1073, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}]}
{"unique_index": 20269, "source_text": "However, following Zia’s death last December 30, the entire party is now looking to Rahman for leadership. Khaleda Zia’s death brought to a close one of the more consequential political careers in modern South Asia. Her political life captured Bangladesh’s unresolved tensions between democratic aspiration and institutional fragility, between nationalism and regional integration, and between autonomy and interdependence with India. As Bangladesh navigates a new political transition, her life offers enduring insights into the intersection of nationalism, democracy, and regional order. Rahman’s comeback amid Zia’s absence is likely to energize the BNP’s base and sway undecided voters in the short term. However, to translate momentum into electoral success, Rahman must demonstrate an ability to connect with the public, reassure a deeply polarized society, and offer a credible roadmap for reform and democratic transition. BNP’s love-hate relationship with the Jamaat Jamaat-e-Islami , the largest Islamist political party in Bangladesh, was an ally of the BNP during its 2001–2006 administration. However, this relationship had long been strained, and the BNP has since sought to reposition itself as a centrist force.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 22, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zia"}, {"start": 36, "end": 47, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 30"}, {"start": 69, "end": 72, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 84, "end": 90, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 107, "end": 118, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}, {"start": 204, "end": 214, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 244, "end": 254, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 428, "end": 433, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 438, "end": 448, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 590, "end": 596, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 613, "end": 616, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zia"}, {"start": 653, "end": 656, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 764, "end": 770, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 931, "end": 934, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1044, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1065, "end": 1068, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1084, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2001"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1089, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}, {"start": 1165, "end": 1168, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}]}
{"unique_index": 20270, "source_text": "Now, after many years, the possibility of renewed alliance between the two parties has resurfaced, as the Jamaat attempts to thaw ties with the BNP ahead of the national elections on February 12. On January 1, after a condolence visit at BNP’s Gulshan Office following Zia’s death, Jamaat-e-Islami chief Shafiqur Rahman stated that the party and the BNP will work together in the future as they had in the past for the country’s interest, reports Prothom Alo . He also said , “BNP leaders including Tarique Rahman (BNP acting chairman) have expressed the same desire. We have also said that, for the sake of the stability of the nation for five years, in the interest of restoring a good environment, we need to think about whether we can all come up with something good together. We have also said that God willing, immediately after the elections, before forming the government, we will sit down; we will talk openly. We will think for the nation; we will make decisions for the nation.” Shafiqur Rahman is also considering forming a unity government after the next national election, Reuters reported .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 11, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "many years"}, {"start": 71, "end": 74, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 144, "end": 147, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 183, "end": 194, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12"}, {"start": 199, "end": 208, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 1"}, {"start": 238, "end": 258, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP’s Gulshan Office"}, {"start": 269, "end": 272, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zia"}, {"start": 304, "end": 319, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shafiqur Rahman"}, {"start": 350, "end": 353, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 477, "end": 480, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 499, "end": 513, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 515, "end": 518, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 526, "end": 534, "label": "JOB", "value": "chairman"}, {"start": 640, "end": 650, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years"}, {"start": 990, "end": 1005, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shafiqur Rahman"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1094, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reuters"}]}
{"unique_index": 20271, "source_text": "According to Bangladeshi-Australian political commentator Faiyaz Hossain, those in Bangladesh waiting for a return to electoral democracy after February 12 are in for a rude awakening. “There is some support for the BNP after the demise of the former prime minister, Khaleda Zia. In the absence of the Awami League, it is the BNP alone that can win polls. … What is the point of talking about a unity government before the polls take place?” The question remains: even if the Jamaat succeeds in bringing about a unity government, would Bangladesh be able to recover from this state of political uncertainty and move toward a democratic transition? And who will run Bangladesh in the coming days, as the country is possibly entering a prolonged period of internal turmoil? Opportunity amid disorder For the BNP, this is an incredibly precarious political moment that could spell their victory or downfall. The autocracy of Sheikh Hasina has given way to “ mob rule ” in the interim government. The “ promise of a new Bangladesh ” is fading amid the interim government’s failure to restore law and order nationwide.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 83, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 144, "end": 155, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12"}, {"start": 216, "end": 219, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 251, "end": 265, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 267, "end": 278, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}, {"start": 302, "end": 314, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 326, "end": 329, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 536, "end": 546, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 665, "end": 675, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 806, "end": 809, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 922, "end": 935, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1026, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20272, "source_text": "The National Citizens’ Party (NCP) , which often claims to be the legacy of the July-August movement, has also begun to lose legitimacy, especially after the official announcement of its electoral alliance with the Jamaat. This prompted many to question NCP’s credibility because of Jamaat’s controversial political history. The Jamaat opposed Bangladesh’s independence struggle in 1971 and is alleged to have collaborated in genocide and other crimes during the ensuing liberation war. Opponents of the Jamaat describe these as fundamentally incompatible with Bangladesh’s democratic spirit, and following this development, 13 central leaders of the student-led NCP have resigned since January 1. Meanwhile, the far-right Islamist forces are also deliberately attempting to steer Bangladesh toward an Islamic theocracy. This extremist surge alarmed the progressive and liberal factions of society, many of whom are now desperately searching for a political alternative and looking to Tarique Rahman as a potential savior. This vacuum presents the BNP with a rare opportunity to prove itself to the people of Bangladesh. Widely seen as the frontrunner in upcoming polls, with Rahman a leading contender for the premiership, the BNP appears eager to occupy the political space vacated by the now-banned Awami League .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizens’ Party"}, {"start": 30, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 254, "end": 257, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 344, "end": 354, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 382, "end": 386, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1971"}, {"start": 561, "end": 571, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 625, "end": 627, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 663, "end": 666, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 687, "end": 696, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 1"}, {"start": 781, "end": 791, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 916, "end": 919, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 985, "end": 999, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1051, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1176, "end": 1182, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 1228, "end": 1231, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1291, "end": 1294, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1302, "end": 1314, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}]}
{"unique_index": 20273, "source_text": "‘I have a plan’ Rahman referenced Martin Luther King Jr.’s historic “I Have a Dream” speech (1963) in his homecoming speech . Standing before supporters in Dhaka, Rahman said he did not have a dream, but a plan, aimed at serving the people, accelerating development, and transforming the lives of ordinary citizens. “Standing on Bangladesh soil today, as a member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, I want to say before all of you that I have a plan for the people of my country, for my country,” he declared . Although he did not discuss specifics, he was keen to explain that for it to be carried out, he needed the help of democratic forces across the country. “If you stand by us and support us, God willing, we will be able to implement this plan,” he further remarked. In his 15-minute address, Rahman repeatedly called for unity among democratic forces to ensure peace, discipline, and the safety and security of citizens “at any cost.” The road ahead Rahman also spoke of building a Bangladesh that would include all people — from the hill tracts to the plains — regardless of faith or identity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 22, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 48, "end": 52, "label": "JOB", "value": "King"}, {"start": 93, "end": 97, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1963"}, {"start": 156, "end": 161, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 163, "end": 169, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 329, "end": 339, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 345, "end": 350, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 371, "end": 399, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 803, "end": 809, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 961, "end": 967, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1003, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20274, "source_text": "The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region has a deep-rooted history of conflict , dating back to British colonial policies that promoted Bengali settlement in the hills. This resulted in the displacement and marginalization of Indigenous communities. Later, successive Bangladeshi governments adopted assimilationist policies , which intensified resentment and distrust in this sparsely populated region. Even under the interim government’s tenure, reports of dehumanizing treatment by security forces persist. Whether a BNP government under Tarique Rahman can meaningfully address violence and discrimination in the region remains an open question. More broadly, Rahman faces an uphill battle in a country experiencing a surge in violence against religious minorities, women, artists, and dissenters. Since his much-talked-about “plan” has not yet been made public, Tarique has already faced many challenges. The most pressing is to hold free and fair general elections. His survival in the country’s political landscape as a national icon will largely depend on his ability to transcend partisan identification. Observers insist that Bangladesh requires no new messiahs. It requires a democratic political party with collectively accountable, democratically minded leadership. Whether Tarique Rahman can rise to that challenge remains the central question of Bangladesh’s unfolding political moment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 519, "end": 522, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 540, "end": 554, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 662, "end": 668, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahman"}, {"start": 775, "end": 782, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 865, "end": 872, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique"}, {"start": 891, "end": 895, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1134, "end": 1144, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1285, "end": 1299, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 1359, "end": 1369, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20275, "source_text": "Why India’s Aravalli Mountain Range matters: Interview with Anuradha P Dhawan\n\nStretching nearly 670 kilometres from Gujarat to New Delhi in the Northwestern India , the Aravalli range is one of the world’s oldest mountain systems. Older than the Himalayas , the range plays a critical role in northern India’s ecology — acting as a barrier against the eastward spread of the Thar Desert , recharging groundwater aquifers, and moderating temperatures in a region increasingly affected by heatwaves and air pollution. On November 20, 2025, the Supreme Court of India accepted a proposal from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) to redefine what legally constitutes the Aravalli hills. Under this new definition, only landforms that rise at least 100 metres above the local ground level — along with their slopes and adjoining areas — will be recognised as part of the Aravalli range. While the court ordered a temporary pause on new mining leases in the area, it made clear that only hills meeting this elevation threshold would qualify for long-term legal protection.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Why India’s Aravalli Mountain Range matters: Interview with Anuradha P Dhawan"}, {"start": 97, "end": 100, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "670"}, {"start": 158, "end": 163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 170, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 303, "end": 308, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 376, "end": 387, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thar Desert"}, {"start": 520, "end": 537, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 20, 2025"}, {"start": 543, "end": 556, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 560, "end": 565, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 595, "end": 618, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Environment"}, {"start": 620, "end": 645, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Forest and Climate Change"}, {"start": 696, "end": 704, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 773, "end": 776, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 895, "end": 903, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}]}
{"unique_index": 20276, "source_text": "This decision, described by the government as a move towards administrative uniformity across four states, has drawn sharp criticism from environmental experts who argue that it overlooks the geological and ecological continuity of the range. The verdict was among the final judgments delivered by Chief Justice Bhushan Gavai before his retirement. In its aftermath, serious protests and rallies have emerged across India, reflecting growing anxiety over the future of one of the country’s most fragile ecological systems. Environmentalists are afraid that nearly the entire Aravalli system could now be exposed to mining and real estate development. Against this backdrop, Global Voice’s contributor Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay spoke to Anuradha P Dhawan, also known as Anu PD, a fashion designer, environmental activist, and the co-founder of the Aravalli Bachao Citizens’ Movement . She outlines why campaigners believe the court’s decision poses serious risks to the environment and to communities that depend on the Aravallis. Below are some excerpts from the interview: Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay (AB): Before we move on to other questions, could you tell our readers a little about the Aravalli Bachao Citizens’ Movement? How did it all begin?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 94, "end": 98, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 298, "end": 311, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Justice"}, {"start": 312, "end": 325, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bhushan Gavai"}, {"start": 416, "end": 421, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 575, "end": 583, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 597, "end": 600, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 701, "end": 724, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay"}, {"start": 734, "end": 751, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anuradha P Dhawan"}, {"start": 767, "end": 773, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anu PD"}, {"start": 785, "end": 793, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}, {"start": 795, "end": 817, "label": "JOB", "value": "environmental activist"}, {"start": 827, "end": 837, "label": "JOB", "value": "co-founder"}, {"start": 845, "end": 879, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aravalli Bachao Citizens’ Movement"}, {"start": 899, "end": 910, "label": "JOB", "value": "campaigners"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1095, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1220, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aravalli Bachao Citizens’ Movement"}]}
{"unique_index": 20277, "source_text": "Anuradha P Dhawan (APD): The Aravalli Bachao Citizens’ Movement is a completely citizen-driven effort to protect the Aravallis from mining, real estate projects, illegal encroachments, landfills and the dilution of environmental laws. On February 24, 2025, residents of Gurugram learned that the Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority was planning to construct a road cutting through the Aravalli Biodiversity Park, linking National Highway-48 with MG Road in Gurugram. This was a wake-up call for many of us who had been living in the city for a decade or more. Around 200 residents came together in response that day, and for the first time, the slogan “Aravalli Bachao” was raised. For many of us who had lived in the city for years, this was the first time we realised how vulnerable the Aravallis were and how little we actually knew about them. As discussions began, we discovered that the Haryana government was also planning to amend the Punjab Land Preservation Act (PLPA) , a law over a century old that provided crucial protection to forested areas in Punjab and Haryana, including large parts of the Aravallis.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anuradha P Dhawan"}, {"start": 29, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aravalli Bachao Citizens’ Movement"}, {"start": 238, "end": 255, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 24, 2025"}, {"start": 296, "end": 339, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority"}, {"start": 393, "end": 419, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli Biodiversity Park"}, {"start": 454, "end": 461, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "MG Road"}, {"start": 575, "end": 578, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 615, "end": 623, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that day"}, {"start": 661, "end": 669, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 951, "end": 979, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Punjab Land Preservation Act"}, {"start": 981, "end": 985, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PLPA"}]}
{"unique_index": 20278, "source_text": "The proposed amendment threatened to dilute these safeguards. At that point, it became clear that this was not just about one road, but about a systemic rollback of environmental protections. On February 27, a small group of us gathered outside three metro stations in Gurugram, holding placards and speaking directly to the citizens about the proposed legal changes and their consequences. That same day, the Haryana Assembly passed the amendment. However, within 24 hours, the Supreme Court stayed its implementation. While it was a limited victory, it convinced us that sustained action was necessary. That moment shaped the movement. Since then, thousands have joined to work on issues ranging from the NCR 2041 draft plan to forest protection nationwide. We see ourselves not as a formal organisation, but as a collective of citizens defending a shared ecological heritage. AB: Was there any organised resistance on this issue prior to the Aravalli Bachao Citizens’ Movement, or was this the first initiative of its kind? APD: Before Aravalli Bachao, there was no sustained, organised citizen resistance focused specifically on the Aravallis.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 122, "end": 125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 195, "end": 206, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 27"}, {"start": 245, "end": 250, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 410, "end": 426, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Haryana Assembly"}, {"start": 465, "end": 473, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 hours"}, {"start": 479, "end": 492, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 650, "end": 659, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 711, "end": 715, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2041"}, {"start": 945, "end": 979, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aravalli Bachao Citizens’ Movement"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1047, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}]}
{"unique_index": 20279, "source_text": "While individuals and experts had long spoken about the range’s ecological importance in various forums, there had not been a collective, citizen-led effort working consistently on Aravalli-related issues. In that sense, the movement marked a first. AB: Movements to protect the Aravalli range are not new. Why has the Supreme Court’s recent redefinition of the Aravalli hills triggered fresh protests now? APD: Because people tend to ignore everything until it hits them in the lungs. For years, ecological damage was easy to look away because people were so involved in their day-to-day grind of roti, kapda and makaan (A popular Hindi phrase that signifies the fundamental needs for human survival: roti/food, kapda/cloth and a makaan/house), that it clearly didn’t bother them. Now, all of a sudden, when pollution had started to enter their homes, when people literally couldn’t breathe, when taps ran dry, when newborns were being taken to lung specialists and senior citizens to emergency rooms, they started realising the intensity of the damage. The Supreme Court’s redefinition order landed at exactly this moment of collapse, and with this latest assault on Aravalli, we decided to leave no space for even one more day of delay.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 181, "end": 189, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 279, "end": 287, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 319, "end": 332, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 362, "end": 370, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 402, "end": 405, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 782, "end": 785, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 951, "end": 962, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialists"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1072, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 1169, "end": 1177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 1217, "end": 1220, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20280, "source_text": "Delhi-NCR and the entire north Indian belt are already one of the most polluted and water-stressed regions in India. Being the biggest climate regulators of the entire northern India, the Aravallis recharge groundwater, act as a natural barrier against desertification, sustain an extraordinary range of biodiversity, and form the majority of the forest cover of the Delhi National Capital Region. Without it, we all will be doomed. Yet recently, a senior television anchor claimed that Delhi’s polluted air cannot “escape” because of the Aravallis. In an age where mediocrity often replaces knowledge, this level of expertise sadly doesn’t surprise us. The encouraging part is that more people are finally beginning to understand why the Aravallis matter and are stepping forward to protect them. AB: The Supreme Court banned mining in the Aravalli hills of Faridabad, Gurugram and Mewat in 2002 and again in 2009. Yet illegal mining continues. How is that happening? APD: In 2020 and 2021, a group of us travelled deep into Haryana’s Mewat region. Officially, we went as trekkers and kept a low profile as we knew the risks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 110, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 177, "end": 182, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 367, "end": 396, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Delhi National Capital Region"}, {"start": 806, "end": 819, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 841, "end": 849, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 892, "end": 896, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2002"}, {"start": 910, "end": 914, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}, {"start": 977, "end": 981, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 986, "end": 990, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}]}
{"unique_index": 20281, "source_text": "The three districts you mentioned are all no-mining zones, but on the ground, the reality is very different. We witnessed and recorded multiple instances of illegal mining in these areas. One of the biggest reasons this continues is the growing power of the mining mafia. About two years ago, a Deputy Superintendent of Police was killed after being run over by a Backhoe Loader while investigating illegal mining in Mewat. That incident alone shows how dangerous this issue has become. We’ve been working on this cause for a long time, and illegal activity is almost routine now. Blasting usually starts early in the morning and wraps up by around 10 a.m. Over time, illegal tracks have been carved out for tractors and trolleys, and even camels are used to transport material, especially in remote areas. That’s how mining continues despite the ban. We filed cases and submitted video evidence, but nothing really moved. The legal process just drags on — hearings get postponed, dates keep changing, and the defence keeps asking for more time. It becomes an endless loop.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 9, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 278, "end": 291, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years ago"}, {"start": 295, "end": 326, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Deputy Superintendent of Police"}, {"start": 576, "end": 579, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 649, "end": 656, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 a.m."}]}
{"unique_index": 20282, "source_text": "From the very beginning, our demands have been very basic. For example, a functional toll-free number where citizens can report illegal mining. Although there is a number that exists, it doesn’t work. And even when someone does pick up, complaints aren’t taken seriously. Simple solutions like using drone surveillance to monitor mining hotspots haven’t been implemented either. Whether it’s the government, the court, or even the system as a whole, it feels like there is a collective unwillingness to protect the Aravallis despite being aware of the consequences. AB: Do you think the Supreme Court’s recent verdict is a deliberate move to facilitate the implementation of the NCR-2041 plan? APD: Well, It all seems to be a part of a grand plan. When you look at how things have unfolded over the past few years, it’s difficult not to see a larger pattern. There’s a clear agenda to turn India into a global economic powerhouse, and to make that happen the country’s natural assets are probably being handed over to the corporates. Development, but at the cost of clean air, soil and water.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 587, "end": 600, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 683, "end": 687, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2041"}, {"start": 799, "end": 813, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past few years"}, {"start": 890, "end": 895, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20283, "source_text": "The SC’s verdict fits neatly into this trajectory effectively clearing the way for plans like NCR-2041 and legitimising the corporate invasion of ecologically sensitive land that should have been non-negotiable. The rot doesn’t stop there. Institutions meant to protect the public are being deliberately weakened, stripped of authority so they can’t interfere. The media is constantly being leaned on and individuals who speak out are being targeted and intimidated. This is an intentional clearing of the field. Obstacle by obstacle, safeguard by safeguard, they’re removing everything that stands in the way of a massive extraction project masquerading as development. For example, after the ease of doing business reforms began in 2019, the environmental clearance rejection rate reportedly dropped from around 70–80% to just 10–15%. In 2023, the Rajasthan government allowed major cement companies into the Aravalli region, opening it up to intensive mining. By 2024–25, Ambuja Cement alone saw a production increase of nearly 300%. At the same time, agricultural trees has been reclassified as forest to inflate forest cover numbers. When you put all of this together, it becomes difficult to see this as development driven by public or environmental interest rather than profit.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 98, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2041"}, {"start": 734, "end": 738, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 814, "end": 819, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70–80"}, {"start": 829, "end": 834, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10–15"}, {"start": 840, "end": 844, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 911, "end": 919, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 966, "end": 970, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 971, "end": 973, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1034, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}]}
{"unique_index": 20284, "source_text": "AB: Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav has said that “no relaxation has been granted” for the Aravallis and has accused critics of spreading misinformation. How do you respond? APD: The problem with the minister’s statement is that it doesn’t really come with verifiable data. There’s no clarity on the actual area of the Aravallis or even on how many hills qualify under the different definitions being used—whether it’s based on slope, geological criteria, or the new 100-metre height threshold. The Minister has claimed that the Aravalli range spans four states and 39 districts. However, no official list of these districts has been placed in the public domain. We are asking the minister to make the list of these 39 Aravalli districts public, so there is clarity on where the Aravallis are officially recognised in law. According to a Ministry of Environment and Forests committee report, prepared after much deliberation, 37 districts were initially mentioned, but only 34 were ultimately identified as Aravalli districts in the final analysis. So where does the figure of 39 come from? The Ministry’s reliance on the 100-metre height criterion further weakens conservation efforts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 24, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 25, "end": 40, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bhupender Yadav"}, {"start": 205, "end": 213, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 349, "end": 353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 504, "end": 512, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 534, "end": 542, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 555, "end": 559, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 571, "end": 573, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "39"}, {"start": 686, "end": 694, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 721, "end": 723, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "39"}, {"start": 724, "end": 732, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 843, "end": 878, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Environment and Forests"}, {"start": 931, "end": 933, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "37"}, {"start": 979, "end": 981, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1020, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1084, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "39"}]}
{"unique_index": 20285, "source_text": "This criterion originates from geological studies designed to facilitate mining operations, not ecological conservation. Applying it to environmental protection excludes the vast majority of Aravalli hills, which are lower in height but critically important for groundwater recharge, biodiversity, and climate resilience. Claims that this definition protects over 90 percent of the Aravalli area are unsupported, as it remains unclear what area this percentage refers to or what form of protection is being counted. The Ministry’s claim that the total area of the Aravallis is 1,47,000 square kilometres is similarly unsupported as no methodology or mapping exercise has been shared publicly. Moreover, most credible estimates put the Aravalli range at closer to 76,000 square kilometres! If this is the situation of the environment ministry of a country then God knows where we’re heading to. In practical terms, this opens up vast areas below the 100-metre threshold to mining, construction, commercial activities and real estate. So when the minister says no relaxation has been granted, it feels less like a factual clarification and more like an hollow attempt to construct a make believe narrative for the public.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 191, "end": 199, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 364, "end": 366, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 382, "end": 390, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 577, "end": 578, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1"}, {"start": 579, "end": 585, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "47,000"}, {"start": 735, "end": 743, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aravalli"}, {"start": 763, "end": 769, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "76,000"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1053, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}]}
{"unique_index": 20286, "source_text": "AB: Environmental activists in India have often faced intimidation, harassment, and even arrest. Have members of the Aravalli Bachao Movement faced similar pressure? How do you view the recent crackdown on environmental activism in the country? APD: A few years ago, some of us were detained by the police simply for standing silently outside a venue where the chief minister was expected. We had informed the police that we only intended to hand over a letter. There were 30–40 people, including students, holding placards. We deliberately avoid calling our actions “protests,” as we follow Gandhian principles of peaceful, non-confrontational activism. Despite this, one colleague was manhandled, and we were taken to the police station for about three hours. Since then, we’ve received repeated calls from the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), home visits, and questioning about our work and “intentions,” even for silent gatherings. While we’ve been fortunate that it hasn’t escalated further, the broader trend is worrying. Environmental activists, journalists, and dissenting voices are increasingly treated as threats. We stand in solidarity with others facing similar pressure, including Sonam Wangchuk and the Save Ladakh campaign.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 27, "label": "JOB", "value": "Environmental activists"}, {"start": 31, "end": 36, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 117, "end": 141, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aravalli Bachao Movement"}, {"start": 252, "end": 265, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few years ago"}, {"start": 367, "end": 375, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 473, "end": 478, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30–40"}, {"start": 669, "end": 672, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 749, "end": 760, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three hours"}, {"start": 813, "end": 846, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Criminal Investigation Department"}, {"start": 848, "end": 851, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CID"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1059, "label": "JOB", "value": "Environmental activists"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1072, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1203, "end": 1217, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sonam Wangchuk"}]}
{"unique_index": 20287, "source_text": "When children disclose abuse, families in rural Andhra Pradesh, India, often respond with silence\n\nIndia has enacted strong child protection laws over the past decade, including the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 , which criminalises sexual abuse of children and mandates child-friendly reporting and judicial procedures. Yet across many parts of the country, particularly in rural and semi-rural areas, families continue to struggle with how to respond when children disclose abuse. Legal provisions exist, but the moment of disclosure often unfolds inside households shaped by social hierarchy, economic dependence, and community scrutiny. This article draws on community-level reporting conducted between July 2023 and November 2024 in Andhra Pradesh, a state in southeastern India, across multiple mandals — local administrative units comparable to counties — including Prathipadu, Yeleswaram, Gandepalli, Kirlampudi, Sankhavaram, and Jaggampeta, primarily in and around Kakinada district, a coastal administrative district in the southeastern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 97, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "When children disclose abuse, families in rural Andhra Pradesh, India, often respond with silence"}, {"start": 99, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 155, "end": 166, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past decade"}, {"start": 239, "end": 243, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2012"}, {"start": 364, "end": 368, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 739, "end": 748, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2023"}, {"start": 753, "end": 766, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2024"}, {"start": 770, "end": 784, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Andhra Pradesh"}, {"start": 810, "end": 815, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Andhra Pradesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20288, "source_text": "The reporting was carried out during child protection awareness sessions facilitated by SafeTalks, a community-based child protection initiative, along with follow-up conversations with children, adolescents, teachers, mothers, caregivers, and adult survivors. These were informal interactions rather than structured interviews, shaped by local language, cultural norms, and the sensitivity around the topic. Awareness reaches children, but adults remain unprepared In recent years, awareness about child sexual abuse has expanded in schools and community programs across India. Children are increasingly taught about “good touch” and “bad touch,” personal boundaries, and the importance of speaking up. However, the reporting found that adult caregivers are rarely included in equal depth. While children may learn how to recognize abuse, families often receive little guidance on how to respond if a disclosure occurs. Research reflects this gap. A 2024 study conducted in urban slums of Kakinada district found that although some adolescents could identify abusive acts, none of the participants were aware of the POCSO Act, and most did not know where or how to seek help after abuse.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 209, "end": 217, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}, {"start": 572, "end": 577, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 951, "end": 955, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1117, "end": 1126, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "POCSO Act"}]}
{"unique_index": 20289, "source_text": "The study also highlighted widespread confusion about disclosure pathways and available support mechanisms, a pattern echoed repeatedly during the field reporting. When disclosure becomes a family survival decision In many of the communities observed, families are organized around caste and kinship networks. The Caste system refers to long-standing social groupings in India that influence social authority, marriage practices, and everyday interactions. Within these systems, families often depend on elders, extended relatives, and community leaders for social legitimacy and economic stability. In such settings, disclosure of abuse was rarely treated as a private interaction between a child and a trusted adult. Instead, it frequently became a family crisis, requiring decisions that weighed social standing, financial dependence, marriage prospects, and community reputation. Caregivers described how abuse — particularly when the alleged perpetrator was a known individual — triggered fear of social exposure. In communities where families are closely interconnected, even seeking advice could risk becoming public knowledge. In the study, several caregivers reported not knowing where to report, who to approach, or what consequences would follow if formal systems were engaged.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 371, "end": 376, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 536, "end": 553, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leaders"}, {"start": 1149, "end": 1156, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 20290, "source_text": "This uncertainty often resulted in delayed responses, internal handling of disclosures, or silence. The long shadow of adult silence India has established multiple child protection reporting avenues, including CHILDLINE 1098 , a 24-hour toll-free emergency helpline, and the e-Box , an online reporting platform managed by the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights. Yet awareness of these mechanisms was inconsistent among caregivers interviewed during this reporting process. Some had heard of helplines but were unsure whether they were confidential, whether reporting would involve police action, or whether their child would be exposed to stigma or retaliation. The reporting also included conversations with adult survivors who reflected on how family responses shaped their long-term well-being. One woman in her mid-twenties, who asked to remain anonymous, shared that she disclosed abuse during childhood but felt her family struggled to respond protectively. While she is now financially independent and engaged in therapy, she described how unresolved silence continued to affect her sense of safety and relationships. “I wish my mother had responded differently and trusted me fully when I spoke,” she said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 133, "end": 138, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 220, "end": 224, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1098"}, {"start": 327, "end": 377, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Commission for Protection of Child Rights"}, {"start": 815, "end": 818, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 994, "end": 997, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20291, "source_text": "Her account echoed a broader pattern: families did not necessarily dismiss disclosures out of indifference, but often lacked the tools, confidence, or social permission to respond in ways that centered the child. Beyond awareness: addressing the adult context of protection The experiences documented across these mandals suggest that child protection cannot rely solely on educating children. Disclosure occurs within families, and families operate within social systems that shape what responses feel possible. Without accessible guidance for caregivers — on how to respond, where to seek confidential support, and how to prioritise a child’s safety without triggering social harm — awareness risks stopping at recognition rather than leading to protection. The study from Andhra Pradesh highlights a critical but often overlooked reality: what happens after a child speaks is determined not only by law but also by the social worlds that families must navigate once silence is broken.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 775, "end": 789, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Andhra Pradesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20292, "source_text": "What does ‘partnership’ really mean for Africa and the European Union?\n\nAfrican and European leaders met in Luanda in November 2025 for the 7th African Union-European Union (AU-EU) Summit , aiming to bolster a partnership that has been pressured by shifting geopolitics and rising global competition. The summit marked 25 years since the AU-EU relationship took formal shape. Unlike earlier summits, leaders on both sides of the Mediterranean were confronting a world that had undergone dramatic changes since their last Joint Vision in early 2022. At the time, the war in Ukraine and the wave of coups across the Sahel had not yet fully reshaped global priorities. By 2025, Europe appeared increasingly preoccupied by security challenges closer to home, while Africa continued to grapple with violent conflict in some of its regions. For many Africans, however, the question is no longer simply why these summits keep happening, but how the commitments announced at such gatherings translate into everyday realities, particularly for a rapidly growing youth population.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "What does ‘partnership’ really mean for Africa and the European Union?"}, {"start": 118, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 144, "end": 172, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Union-European Union"}, {"start": 174, "end": 179, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU-EU"}, {"start": 319, "end": 327, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25 years"}, {"start": 338, "end": 340, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU"}, {"start": 341, "end": 343, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 411, "end": 415, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 543, "end": 547, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 573, "end": 580, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 669, "end": 673, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 675, "end": 681, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 761, "end": 767, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 839, "end": 843, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20293, "source_text": "Understanding the global competition for Africa Africa today sits at the center of overlapping bilateral and trilateral partnerships. Since the early 2010s, the continent has become the site of a renewed geopolitical contest. The first Africa-EU Summit took place in Cairo in April 2000, followed by the Lisbon Summit in 2007. Subsequent AU-EU summits reflected shifting global realities, including joint climate commitments in 2010, the launch of the EU-Africa Roadmap in 2014, and the recognition of the UN 2030 Agenda , the Paris Agreement, and Africa’s Agenda 2063 in 2017. Other “Africa + 1” summits, including the China-Africa , Russia-Africa , Turkey-Africa , and UAE-Africa summits, signal an intensifying scramble for markets, resources, and influence on the continent. In a video posted on YouTube, Comfort Ero , President and CEO of the International Crisis Group , described Africa as having “a weak center of gravity, lacking the governance architecture it needs. ” In practice, this has produced a fragmented engagement landscape in which external powers negotiate influence country by country, and African states form alliances in response to domestic and geopolitical pressures.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 47, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 48, "end": 54, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 55, "end": 60, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 144, "end": 155, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 2010s"}, {"start": 236, "end": 242, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 243, "end": 245, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 276, "end": 286, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2000"}, {"start": 321, "end": 325, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2007"}, {"start": 338, "end": 340, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU"}, {"start": 341, "end": 343, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 428, "end": 432, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 452, "end": 454, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 455, "end": 461, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 473, "end": 477, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 506, "end": 508, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 509, "end": 513, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 527, "end": 542, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Paris Agreement"}, {"start": 548, "end": 554, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 564, "end": 568, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2063"}, {"start": 572, "end": 576, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 585, "end": 591, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 594, "end": 595, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 620, "end": 632, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China-Africa"}, {"start": 635, "end": 641, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 642, "end": 648, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 658, "end": 664, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 675, "end": 681, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 800, "end": 807, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 809, "end": 820, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Comfort Ero"}, {"start": 823, "end": 832, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 848, "end": 874, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Crisis Group"}, {"start": 887, "end": 893, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20294, "source_text": "Shifting power dynamics in Africa This fluidity has generated uneven outcomes for global actors. France, for instance, has seen its influence collapse across much of the Sahel following the pivot of Mali , Burkina Faso , and Niger toward Russia after successive military coups. Similar patterns are visible among other powers. China’s long-established presence across Africa now competes more openly with middle powers and Gulf states such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which are also deploying financial power in countries like Djibouti and Sudan at a scale typically associated with traditional global superpowers. As one of the most active external actors in East Africa, the UAE has ongoing projects valued at approximately USD 59.4 billion , making it the fourth largest source of capital flows into Africa , after the European Union, China, and the United States. Analysts have, however, linked aspects of Emirati involvement to conflicts in Libya and Sudan, where such external engagement, as noted in Space Journal analysis, risks prolonging regional instability. India’s economic footprint has also expanded along a different trajectory.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 33, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 97, "end": 103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 199, "end": 203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 206, "end": 218, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Burkina Faso"}, {"start": 225, "end": 230, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 238, "end": 244, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 327, "end": 332, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 368, "end": 374, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 375, "end": 378, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 423, "end": 434, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gulf states"}, {"start": 443, "end": 455, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saudi Arabia"}, {"start": 464, "end": 484, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Arab Emirates"}, {"start": 551, "end": 559, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Djibouti"}, {"start": 564, "end": 569, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 684, "end": 695, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "East Africa"}, {"start": 754, "end": 766, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "59.4 billion"}, {"start": 827, "end": 833, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 846, "end": 860, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 862, "end": 867, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 877, "end": 890, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 892, "end": 900, "label": "JOB", "value": "Analysts"}, {"start": 970, "end": 975, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 980, "end": 985, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1044, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Space Journal"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1099, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20295, "source_text": "Trade between India and Africa has averaged 18 percent annually since 2003 , reaching approximately USD 103 billion in 2023, positioning India among Africa’s largest trading partners alongside the European Union and China. The United States, meanwhile, has pursued more selective bilateral engagement, particularly around critical minerals. This includes a USD 553 million loan to a transport corridor linking the Democratic Republic of Congo’s copper belt to Angola’s Lobito port. Why Africa matters Africa holds 60 percent of the world’s solar potential and about 30 percent of global mineral reserves. It is also the world’s youngest continent, with 70 percent of its population under the age of 30. According to the United Nations World Population Prospects, Africa’s population is projected to nearly double between 2020 and 2050, rising from approximately 1.3 billion to 2.5 billion . It will then increase by more than half over the second half of the century, reaching approximately 3.9 billion by 2100.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 24, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 44, "end": 46, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 55, "end": 63, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 70, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2003"}, {"start": 104, "end": 115, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "103 billion"}, {"start": 119, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 137, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 149, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 197, "end": 211, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 216, "end": 221, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 227, "end": 240, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 361, "end": 372, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "553 million"}, {"start": 437, "end": 442, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 460, "end": 466, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Angola"}, {"start": 486, "end": 492, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 501, "end": 507, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 514, "end": 516, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 566, "end": 568, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 653, "end": 655, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 699, "end": 701, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30"}, {"start": 720, "end": 734, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 763, "end": 769, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 821, "end": 825, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 830, "end": 834, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2050"}, {"start": 862, "end": 888, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.3 billion to 2.5 billion"}, {"start": 926, "end": 930, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 947, "end": 951, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 991, "end": 1002, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.9 billion"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1010, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2100"}]}
{"unique_index": 20296, "source_text": "By the end of the century, Africa is projected to have nearly as many people as all of Asia and roughly as many as the entire world in 1975. More than one in three people on Earth in 2100 will be African. This crowded courtship of the world with Africa extends beyond its minerals and markets into the information spaces. Chinese and Russian state-backed outlets such as CGTN , Xinhua , Russia Today , and Sputnik now compete for African audiences alongside Western broadcasters like the BBC and CNN , as well as Qatar-backed Al Jazeera, Iran’s Hausa TV, Germany’s Deutsche Welle , and Turkey’s multilingual TRT Afrika . The struggle for influence in Africa, it would seem, is as much about narratives as it is about power. Youth representation and the 2025 summit’s blind spots Amid the rhetoric of shared futures at the 2025 AU-EU summit, a persistent gap remained. While the African Union designated 2025 as the Year of Reparations , European engagement throughout the year largely remained confined to acknowledgements rather than commitments.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 33, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 65, "end": 69, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 87, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 107, "end": 111, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 135, "end": 139, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1975"}, {"start": 151, "end": 163, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one in three"}, {"start": 183, "end": 187, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2100"}, {"start": 246, "end": 252, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 378, "end": 384, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Xinhua"}, {"start": 387, "end": 393, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 394, "end": 399, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 414, "end": 417, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 488, "end": 491, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 496, "end": 499, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CNN"}, {"start": 513, "end": 536, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Qatar-backed Al Jazeera"}, {"start": 538, "end": 542, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 545, "end": 553, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hausa TV"}, {"start": 555, "end": 562, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 651, "end": 657, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 753, "end": 757, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 822, "end": 826, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 827, "end": 829, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU"}, {"start": 830, "end": 832, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 878, "end": 891, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Union"}, {"start": 903, "end": 907, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 915, "end": 934, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Year of Reparations"}]}
{"unique_index": 20297, "source_text": "Africa’s call for historical justice, it would seem, lacked the institutional clarity and political seriousness required to compel meaningful engagement, even as its European counterpart continued to approach questions of historical responsibility with caution and deferral. This asymmetry was also reflected in the politics of participation at the summit itself. Speaking to Global Voices on the sidelines of the summit, Alma Jokinen , Finland’s Youth Envoy to the European Union, reflected on who was actually at the table. As far as I know, I am the only youth delegate within any national delegation, the only official youth representative here. Even some of those reporting from the youth summit are not young people… I do wish that in the future there would be many more present. The moment reflected a broader pattern in AU-EU relations, where ambitious language about inclusion and intergenerational partnership continues to sit uneasily alongside institutional practices that sideline the very people expected to inherit the outcomes of these agreements.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 376, "end": 389, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 422, "end": 434, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Alma Jokinen"}, {"start": 437, "end": 444, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Finland"}, {"start": 453, "end": 458, "label": "JOB", "value": "Envoy"}, {"start": 466, "end": 480, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 629, "end": 643, "label": "JOB", "value": "representative"}, {"start": 767, "end": 771, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 828, "end": 830, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU"}, {"start": 831, "end": 833, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}]}
{"unique_index": 20298, "source_text": "The hidden cost of India’s restriction on Bangladeshi visas\n\nThe August 2024 political upheaval in Bangladesh, which is marked by former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s forced ouster , triggered a chain reaction throughout South Asia. India responded by sharply restricting visa issuance to Bangladeshi citizens, citing security concerns amid rising anti-India sentiment . The decision came swiftly and decisively . Where India’s High Commission in Dhaka once processed 8,000 visas daily, now only emergency medical and student visas trickle through in limited numbers. The numbers tell a stark story of interdependence. From April 2023 to March 2024, more than 2.1 million Bangladeshis visited India , accounting for 22 percent of all foreign tourist arrivals. They came for medical treatment, shopping, cultural festivals, and family visits. They filled hotels, packed restaurants, and kept thousands of small businesses afloat. India issued over 2 million visas annually to Bangladeshis, most for medical purposes. Then, almost overnight, that flow stopped. Kolkata's “Mini Bangladesh” goes dark When walking through Free School Street, Marquis Street, or Sudder Street in Kolkata today visitors find a ghost town where a thriving commercial hub once stood.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The hidden cost of India’s restriction on Bangladeshi visas"}, {"start": 65, "end": 76, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2024"}, {"start": 99, "end": 109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 137, "end": 151, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 152, "end": 165, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 222, "end": 232, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 234, "end": 239, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 354, "end": 359, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 421, "end": 426, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 429, "end": 444, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "High Commission"}, {"start": 448, "end": 453, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 469, "end": 474, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8,000"}, {"start": 481, "end": 486, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 488, "end": 491, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 625, "end": 635, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2023"}, {"start": 639, "end": 649, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2024"}, {"start": 661, "end": 672, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.1 million"}, {"start": 694, "end": 699, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 717, "end": 719, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22"}, {"start": 892, "end": 901, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 930, "end": 935, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 948, "end": 957, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2 million"}, {"start": 964, "end": 972, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1086, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1119, "end": 1137, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Free School Street"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1153, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Marquis Street"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudder Street"}, {"start": 1183, "end": 1188, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20299, "source_text": "This two-square-kilometer area, nicknamed “ Mini Bangladesh ,” served as the epicenter of Bangladeshi economic activity in India. Conservative estimates place losses at INR 1,000 crore (USD 110.8 million), though actual losses across New Market and Burrabazar likely exceed INR 5,000 crore (USD 554 million). Every day, INR 3 crore (USD 332,400) in business has simply evaporated. Currency exchanges that once bustled with customers exchanging Bangladeshi Taka now sit dormant, their electronic displays gathering dust. Travel agencies that booked hundreds of hotel rooms weekly report days without a single customer. Hotels that once operated at 80-90 percent occupancy now struggle to fill 5 percent of their rooms. By November 2024, four businesses had permanently shuttered , with more closures anticipated. Around 150 hotels face existential threats. Nearly 3,000 shops in the area confront the same grim reality. Approximately 40 percent of small and mid-sized restaurants have closed their doors , unable to survive without their primary customer base. Around 15,000 families depend directly on this tourism ecosystem. Homestay operators who rent rooms to visiting families earn nothing. Tour guides fluent in Bengali find no one to guide.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 59, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 123, "end": 128, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 173, "end": 178, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 190, "end": 203, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "110.8 million"}, {"start": 278, "end": 283, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 295, "end": 306, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "554 million"}, {"start": 309, "end": 318, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every day"}, {"start": 324, "end": 325, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 337, "end": 344, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "332,400"}, {"start": 461, "end": 464, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 548, "end": 556, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 572, "end": 578, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weekly"}, {"start": 647, "end": 652, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80-90"}, {"start": 671, "end": 674, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 692, "end": 693, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5"}, {"start": 721, "end": 734, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2024"}, {"start": 736, "end": 740, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 819, "end": 822, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "150"}, {"start": 863, "end": 868, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,000"}, {"start": 933, "end": 935, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1073, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20300, "source_text": "Taxi and auto-rickshaw drivers who specialize in airport pickups and city tours sit idle. Street food vendors who thrived on Bangladeshi customers’ love for Indian street food watch their businesses wither. Medical tourism’s dramatic decline India’s healthcare sector faces an even starker reality. Bangladesh made up 69 percent of India’s medical tourists , creating an over-reliance that now threatens the country’s entire medical tourism industry. This concentration made India vulnerable to diplomatic disruptions. The year-over-year decline tells a story: a 43 percent drop in November 2024 , followed by 59 percent in December. Despite restrictions, approximately 482,000 Bangladeshis still managed to reach India for medical treatment in 2024, down from 500,000 in 2023. Yet this represents patients with emergency medical visas only — the broader medical tourism market has collapsed. These patients brought billions in revenue . They chose hospitals in Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, and Bengaluru for treatments ranging from cardiac surgery to cancer care. Now those hospital beds remain empty. The infrastructure that supported this medical tourism pipeline has stalled. The Maitree Express, Bandhan Express, and Mitali Express, the trains connecting India and Bangladesh, have suspended operations since August 2024.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 30, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}, {"start": 102, "end": 109, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendors"}, {"start": 242, "end": 247, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 299, "end": 309, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 318, "end": 320, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "69"}, {"start": 332, "end": 337, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 390, "end": 393, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 475, "end": 480, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 563, "end": 565, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "43"}, {"start": 582, "end": 595, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2024"}, {"start": 610, "end": 612, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "59"}, {"start": 670, "end": 677, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "482,000"}, {"start": 714, "end": 719, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 745, "end": 749, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 761, "end": 768, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500,000"}, {"start": 772, "end": 776, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 916, "end": 924, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "billions"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1065, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 1257, "end": 1262, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1267, "end": 1277, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1311, "end": 1322, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20301, "source_text": "Patients who once made comfortable train journeys to Indian hospitals now face impossible barriers. CareEdge Ratings estimates a 10–15 percent reduction in total medical tourism to India long-term. This decline reshapes the entire sector’s economics and forces painful strategic recalculations. Ripples across sectors The impact of the restrictions extends beyond tourism and healthcare. Cross-border business travel restrictions complicate trade relationships, slow deal-making, and create friction in supply chains. Transportation infrastructure has suffered dramatically. Bus services between the two countries dropped from seven daily trips to just one or two, carrying 28 passengers each. The ripple effects touch tour operators, bus companies, and the entire logistics ecosystem supporting cross-border movement. Retail shopping tourism, once a major draw in New Market and Burrabazar, has virtually disappeared . Bangladeshi shoppers came not just for goods unavailable at home but for the shopping experience itself. That retail ecosystem is now fighting for survival. New destinations for medical tourism Bangladeshi patients haven’t stopped seeking treatment abroad. They’ve simply changed destinations. Thailand has emerged as the frontrunner, reporting a 200 percent increase in inquiries from Bangladeshi patients. Thai hospitals provide streamlined visa procedures, with medical institutions assisting with applications.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 73, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 129, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10–15"}, {"start": 181, "end": 186, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 600, "end": 603, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 627, "end": 632, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}, {"start": 633, "end": 638, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 653, "end": 656, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 674, "end": 676, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1053, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1214, "end": 1222, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 1267, "end": 1270, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}]}
{"unique_index": 20302, "source_text": "In 2019 alone, Bangladeshis spent over THB 6.7 billion (USD 212.9 million) on medical treatment in Thailand. That figure has likely grown substantially since India’s restrictions tightened. China has spotted the strategic opportunity. Bangladesh held medical tourism conferences with Chinese officials in Yunnan province, exploring partnerships ahead of the 50th anniversary of China-Bangladesh diplomatic relations in 2025. Plans for a “friendship hospital” in Dhaka signal China’s long-term commitment to capturing this market. Political strains, visa delays, and what patients describe as an “unwelcoming environment” in India continue pushing Bangladeshis toward alternatives. Each month of restrictions cements these new patterns. Each positive experience in Thailand or Malaysia makes a return to India less likely. Tourists pivot to neighboring countries Leisure tourism shows even more dramatic shifts. Sri Lanka experienced a 121.6 percent increase in Bangladeshi arrivals in 2024, welcoming 39,555 tourists. Bangladesh became Sri Lanka’s second-fastest-growing tourism source market, filling hotels and attractions that benefited from India’s restrictions. The Maldives saw a 52 percent increase , hosting 33,295 Bangladeshi arrivals. These travellers tend to be affluent, often seeking beach resorts and luxury experiences.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 43, "end": 54, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6.7 billion"}, {"start": 60, "end": 73, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "212.9 million"}, {"start": 99, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 158, "end": 163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 190, "end": 195, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 235, "end": 245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 378, "end": 383, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 384, "end": 394, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 419, "end": 423, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 462, "end": 467, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 475, "end": 480, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 624, "end": 629, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 681, "end": 691, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Each month"}, {"start": 764, "end": 772, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 776, "end": 784, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 803, "end": 808, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 911, "end": 920, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 935, "end": 940, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "121.6"}, {"start": 985, "end": 989, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1007, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "39,555"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1028, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1045, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 1145, "end": 1150, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1171, "end": 1179, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maldives"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1188, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "52"}, {"start": 1216, "end": 1222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33,295"}]}
{"unique_index": 20303, "source_text": "Nepal welcomed 48,848 Bangladeshi visitors in 2024, up from 36,483 in 2023 — a 34 percent jump. India previously attracted 40–45 percent of all Bangladeshi outbound tourists. Cultural ties, proximity, familial and historical connections made India the natural first choice. Now that the dominant position crumbles. From August to October 2024, Bangladeshi visitors to India dropped 28.44 percent year-over-year. The diplomatic paradox Prime Minister Modi speaks of maintaining “ people-to-people ” relationships with Bangladesh. The phrase appears in diplomatic statements and official communications. Yet how can people-to-people relationships survive when people cannot meet? The impact can already be seen. According to International Crisis Group , New Delhi’s refuge to Sheikh Hasina, who have already been convicted in Bangladesh is adding fuel to fire. After Hasina’s pro-India Awami League was forced out following the July 2024 upheavals, rightwing parties more skeptical of — and at times openly hostile toward — India stepped into the spotlight , amplifying voices that have helped sway public opinion against India amid decades of mistrust . Families can’t visit relatives for weddings, funerals, or festivals. Business partners struggle to maintain collaborations without face-to-face meetings.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 15, "end": 21, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "48,848"}, {"start": 46, "end": 50, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 60, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "36,483"}, {"start": 70, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 79, "end": 81, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 96, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 123, "end": 128, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40–45"}, {"start": 242, "end": 247, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 274, "end": 277, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 330, "end": 342, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2024"}, {"start": 368, "end": 373, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 382, "end": 387, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28.44"}, {"start": 435, "end": 449, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 517, "end": 527, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 723, "end": 749, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Crisis Group"}, {"start": 774, "end": 787, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 824, "end": 834, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 865, "end": 896, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hasina’s pro-India Awami League"}, {"start": 926, "end": 935, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1027, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1120, "end": 1125, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20304, "source_text": "Professor Imtiaz Ahmed describes the restrictions as “inhumane and unbecoming of a neighboring country,” noting the contradiction between stated desires for people-to-people ties and policies that prevent people from actually meeting. Each month of restrictions makes reconciliation harder. Young people in both countries grow up knowing borders as barriers rather than bridges. The true price of closed borders The numbers don’t lie. India has lost INR 5,000 crore (USD 554 million) of revenue in Kolkata alone. At least 69 percent of medical tourists were diverted elsewhere. And in India, 15,000 families are facing financial ruin due to the harsh visa restrictions. Meanwhile, India’s neighbors are feeling the boon as a regional realignment unfolds in real time. Can “people-to-people” relationships survive when people cannot actually meet? Young professionals build networks in Bangkok instead of Kolkata. Patients develop loyalty to Thai hospitals rather than Indian ones. Tourists discover Sri Lankan beaches instead of Indian heritage sites. These aren’t temporary shifts — they’re permanent realignments. While the visa and travel restrictions remain, India is losing revenue, influence, and goodwill. While Bangladesh loses convenient access to quality healthcare and cultural connections. How long can both nations tolerate this lose-lose situation before the losses become permanent?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "JOB", "value": "Professor"}, {"start": 10, "end": 22, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Imtiaz Ahmed"}, {"start": 235, "end": 245, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Each month"}, {"start": 307, "end": 311, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 435, "end": 440, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 454, "end": 459, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 471, "end": 482, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "554 million"}, {"start": 522, "end": 524, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "69"}, {"start": 585, "end": 590, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 592, "end": 598, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15,000"}, {"start": 681, "end": 686, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1163, "end": 1168, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1219, "end": 1229, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1315, "end": 1319, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20305, "source_text": "How to turn Africa’s young demographic potential into a collective power\n\nIn public spaces, transport, and the media, we see the challenges facing an increasingly elderly population: increased healthcare needs, failure to adapt infrastructure, public transport, and housing to help maintain their independence. A few weeks ago, I travelled to Japan, where I saw firsthand how the aging population isn’t just an abstract statistic. In 2023, the Japanese population had a life expectancy of over 80 for both men and women, with those over 65 accounting for 29 percent of the population, and those under 15 accounting for 11 percent. Comparatively, for the same time period in Senegal , those over 65 accounted for 3.8 percent of the population, and those under 15 accounted for 39 percent. In Japan, in addition to this observation, I witnessed the effective social and spatial adaptation of infrastructure and services to support this age group: infrastructure designed for limited mobility, health devices, jobs dedicated to elder care, and even the use of technology to aid them in their daily tasks. However, in Africa, we tend to hear more about the population boom. After all, this continent now has the world’s youngest population.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How to turn Africa’s young demographic potential into a collective power"}, {"start": 313, "end": 326, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few weeks ago"}, {"start": 343, "end": 348, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 434, "end": 438, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 494, "end": 496, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "80"}, {"start": 501, "end": 505, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 537, "end": 539, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "65"}, {"start": 555, "end": 557, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29"}, {"start": 601, "end": 603, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15"}, {"start": 619, "end": 621, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 674, "end": 681, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 695, "end": 697, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "65"}, {"start": 712, "end": 715, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.8"}, {"start": 759, "end": 761, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15"}, {"start": 776, "end": 778, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "39"}, {"start": 791, "end": 796, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 1089, "end": 1094, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1196, "end": 1199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20306, "source_text": "According to a UNICEF report published in 2023, by 2050, Africa will account for around 41 percent of all global births — about 40 percent of all children under five, and 35 percent of all adolescents. This young population has the potential to be a massive force for change. Promising initiatives to combat major challenges When young people are supported, they demonstrate their independence and innovation. Such is the case in Kenya, where the Nairobi technology hubs power the “ Silicon Savannah ,” and in Tunisia, where the startup ecosystem is integrated into public employment policies. In Rwanda, the investment policy in digital technology and services has reduced young graduate unemployment by almost 10 percent over the past decade However, as education remains a privilege, this potential is largely underutilized. According to UNESCO, more than 98 million school-aged children and young people are out of school in Sub-Saharan Africa . For 15- to 17-year-olds, the school dropout rate exceeds 50 percent, including in technical courses, and is even higher for girls. As such, millions of young people leave the system without the necessary skills to become agents of development.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 42, "end": 46, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 51, "end": 55, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2050"}, {"start": 57, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 88, "end": 90, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "41"}, {"start": 128, "end": 130, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 171, "end": 173, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35"}, {"start": 430, "end": 435, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 510, "end": 517, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tunisia"}, {"start": 597, "end": 603, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rwanda"}, {"start": 712, "end": 714, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 732, "end": 743, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past decade"}, {"start": 841, "end": 847, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}, {"start": 859, "end": 869, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "98 million"}, {"start": 929, "end": 947, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1009, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 1090, "end": 1098, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 20307, "source_text": "Only strong political will can reverse that trend, as shown in Ghana, where the Free Senior High School program, combining free access, scholarship policies, and facility improvements, increased secondary school enrolment by 69 percent between 2017 and 2022. Incompatibility between training and employment Sustainable development cannot be limited to access to education; it is still necessary to utilize the acquired skills. Many African education systems remain out of touch with the labor market needs. Technical, vocational, and digital education remains inadequate and often undervalued. The consequences are clear. Every year, 10 to 12 million young people enter the African labor market, but only 3.7 million formal jobs are created. Many turn to informal employment, with precarious incomes and no social protection. This lack of productivity hampers growth, weakens social cohesion, and often fuels migration. According to the National Bureau of Statistics , more than 92 percent of workers in Nigeria are now part of the informal work industry. This percentage is even greater among young people. In a study by the International Labor Organization (ILO), 98 percent of employed young men and 99 percent of employed young women report being in informal employment. In South Africa, informal employment accounts for a significant segment of the economy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 80, "end": 103, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Free Senior High School"}, {"start": 225, "end": 227, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "69"}, {"start": 244, "end": 248, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 253, "end": 257, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 427, "end": 431, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 622, "end": 632, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every year"}, {"start": 634, "end": 650, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10 to 12 million"}, {"start": 705, "end": 716, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.7 million"}, {"start": 742, "end": 746, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 937, "end": 966, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Bureau of Statistics"}, {"start": 979, "end": 981, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "92"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1011, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1019, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1158, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Labor Organization"}, {"start": 1160, "end": 1163, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ILO"}, {"start": 1166, "end": 1168, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "98"}, {"start": 1203, "end": 1205, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "99"}, {"start": 1278, "end": 1290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20308, "source_text": "According to trade unions, this sector accounts for around 27 percent of the workforce. However, alternatives exist. In Somalia, social entrepreneur and Aspen Institute member Mohamed Ali Dini founded the IFTIN Foundation . This program trains and employs young people, offering them mental health support to overcome the trauma of war and reintegrate into society. This type of integrated approach — employment, health, and resilience — exemplifies how Africa can transform its young people into agents of reconstruction. Among these young people, girls are the ones who experience multiple forms of discrimination: limited access to education, child marriages, teenage pregnancies, and sexual abuse. According to UNICEF , more than one in eight girls in Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced a form of sexual abuse during childhood. And yet, young women are powerful agents of change. In Senegal, initiatives like Senegaleses in Tech or Jokalante train hundreds of young women in digital and coding professions. These often civil-society-led programs show that investing in women’s education and economic independence has a positive effect on society as a whole: higher incomes, reduced inequalities, improved health, and family stability.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 61, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27"}, {"start": 120, "end": 127, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 136, "end": 148, "label": "JOB", "value": "entrepreneur"}, {"start": 153, "end": 168, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aspen Institute"}, {"start": 205, "end": 221, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IFTIN Foundation"}, {"start": 454, "end": 460, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 715, "end": 721, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 734, "end": 746, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one in eight"}, {"start": 756, "end": 774, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 887, "end": 894, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 952, "end": 960, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}]}
{"unique_index": 20309, "source_text": "Empowering young women is, therefore, a key sustainable development strategy. The African Development Bank’s (AfDB) projections indicate that Africa’s working population will increase from about 56 percent to 63 percent by 2050. If this transition is well managed, it could become a source of prosperity. But without massive investment in education, health, training, and formal employment, this advantage could become a disadvantage: a large but marginalized youth population. Some countries have shown the way. In Ethiopia, the Youth Revolving Fund has funded over 200,000 youth entrepreneurial projects since 2019. When built on a coherent national vision, these programs can sustainably reduce youth unemployment and rebuild social trust. Well-defined development priorities Various strategies are required to put this potential into force. The first step involves fundamentally reforming education systems to meet the current needs of local economies. The programs must include digital skills, green occupations, sustainable agriculture, craftsmanship, and small business management. Ensuring universal access to secondary education, especially for girls, requires targeted scholarships, appropriate infrastructure, and local education policies. Secondly, it is vital to create decent jobs that offer young people tangible prospects.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 82, "end": 106, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Development Bank"}, {"start": 142, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 195, "end": 197, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "56"}, {"start": 209, "end": 211, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "63"}, {"start": 223, "end": 227, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2050"}, {"start": 516, "end": 524, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 530, "end": 550, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Youth Revolving Fund"}, {"start": 567, "end": 574, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200,000"}, {"start": 612, "end": 616, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}]}
{"unique_index": 20310, "source_text": "This means supporting entrepreneurship with accessible funding mechanisms, mentorship, and greater integration in local and regional markets. Governments and partners must also foster investments in growing sectors, such as technology, light industry, and renewable energy. Health and social protection are another indispensable asset. Youth policies must include reproductive health, mental health, and social security. Particular attention should also be paid to the protection of young women from violence and discrimination, which hinders their economic and social participation. Lastly, youth participation and leadership must be central to public action. Young people, and young women in particular, must be included in decision-making spaces on all levels: local, national, and regional. Fostering inclusive leadership, rooted in community realities, is a prerequisite for building resilient and equitable societies. I often think back on what I saw in Japan, an aging society that, paradoxically, values young people as a rare commodity. There, they want more young people, they look for them, train them, and listen to them. In Africa, we have the opposite, an abundance of young people who are rarely valued. We have the world’s greatest demographic treasure, and yet we don’t make it a priority.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 960, "end": 965, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20311, "source_text": "Researchers in Africa are using AI to fill the global health care gap\n\nIn 2024, a 28-year-old maize farmer in Siaya County , western Kenya, walked into a small public clinic complaining of a fever. Ten years ago, he would have waited days — sometimes weeks — for a malaria, typhoid, or dengue diagnosis. In 2024, he received an answer in ninety seconds. A community health worker took a photo of a thick blood smear with an ordinary smartphone clipped to a USD 50 portable microscope. An artificial intelligence algorithm analyzed the image and suggested he had “Plasmodium falciparum ++” with 98.5 percent accuracy — better than most non-specialist lab technicians in the country. The farmer walked out with the correct antimalarial drug that same afternoon. That pilot, run by the Kenyan Ministry of Health with technical support from the startup Ubenytics, is now active in more than 420 facilities across eight counties. Early results of the pilot study published in The Lancet Digital Health in March 2025 show a 31 percent reduction in inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and a 19 percent drop in severe malaria complications in intervention areas. It is important to clarify terminology.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Researchers in Africa are using AI to fill the global health care gap"}, {"start": 74, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 82, "end": 93, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28-year-old"}, {"start": 100, "end": 106, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 110, "end": 122, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Siaya County"}, {"start": 133, "end": 138, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 198, "end": 211, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Ten years ago"}, {"start": 307, "end": 311, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 338, "end": 352, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ninety seconds"}, {"start": 461, "end": 463, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 594, "end": 598, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "98.5"}, {"start": 639, "end": 649, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}, {"start": 686, "end": 692, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 783, "end": 808, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kenyan Ministry of Health"}, {"start": 863, "end": 866, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 887, "end": 890, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "420"}, {"start": 909, "end": 914, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1010, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2025"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1020, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1087, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "19"}]}
{"unique_index": 20312, "source_text": "While the term artificial intelligence is commonly used in both academic and popular discourse, the systems discussed in this article are more precisely described as large language models. These models do not exhibit general intelligence; rather, they perform rapid statistical pattern recognition and probabilistic text generation based on vast amounts of training data. Where appropriate, this article uses the term LLMs to reflect this distinction, while acknowledging that AI remains the umbrella term under which such technologies are often categorized. Kenya is not an outlier Across West Africa, Ghanaian startup Chestify AI , founded in 2020, is using artificial intelligence algorithms to support clinicians in interpreting chest X-rays and other imaging in under-resourced health centers. They generate visual heat maps and abnormality scores that help flag conditions such as tuberculosis and pneumonia, accelerating diagnosis in places where radiologists are scarce. In deployments across 25 health facilities, Chestify has reported diagnostic turnaround times reduced by about 40 percent, with imaging reports delivered within 3 hours rather than days. Previous WHO-supervised validation studies of computer-aided detection for tuberculosis using chest radiographs have demonstrated consistently high performance in low-resource settings, with a pooled sensitivity of around 94.7 percent, often matching or exceeding the average diagnostic accuracy available where specialist radiology capacity is limited.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 63, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 559, "end": 564, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 590, "end": 601, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Africa"}, {"start": 645, "end": 649, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1003, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 1090, "end": 1092, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 1140, "end": 1147, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3 hours"}, {"start": 1175, "end": 1178, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "WHO"}, {"start": 1388, "end": 1392, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "94.7"}, {"start": 1478, "end": 1488, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}]}
{"unique_index": 20313, "source_text": "Rwanda’s drone-delivered blood program now uses routing algorithms, reducing the average delivery time from 42 minutes to 18 minutes in hard-to-reach districts. These are not future promises; they are documented, peer-reviewed deployments happening today. The numbers behind the urgency are well known but worth repeating: sub-Saharan Africa has 11 percent of the world’s population and 24 percent of the global disease burden , yet only 3 percent of the world’s health workers and less than 1 percent of global health expenditure. The specialist gap is even starker: Nigeria, for example, has roughly one pathologist per 500,000 people , compared with a global average of one per 25,000. Artificial intelligence will not magically conjure more doctors, but it is already making an impact in areas with underresourced medical systems. It upgrades the accuracy of non-specialist workers. In Uganda, Makerere University’s AI Health Lab and partners , including the Infectious Diseases Institute and NAAMII, are using AI-guided obstetric ultrasound tools that enable nonspecialists, including community health workers, to capture and interpret basic fetal images .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rwanda"}, {"start": 39, "end": 42, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 108, "end": 118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "42 minutes"}, {"start": 122, "end": 132, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 minutes"}, {"start": 249, "end": 254, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 335, "end": 341, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 346, "end": 348, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 387, "end": 389, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 438, "end": 439, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 492, "end": 493, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 536, "end": 546, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}, {"start": 568, "end": 575, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 602, "end": 605, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 622, "end": 629, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500,000"}, {"start": 673, "end": 676, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 681, "end": 687, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25,000"}, {"start": 745, "end": 752, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 867, "end": 877, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}, {"start": 890, "end": 896, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 898, "end": 933, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Makerere University’s AI Health Lab"}, {"start": 963, "end": 1003, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Infectious Diseases Institute and NAAMII"}]}
{"unique_index": 20314, "source_text": "These programs are allowing healthcare workers to catch diseases earlier, when they are cheaper and easier to treat. In 2019, The Lancet published a clinical validation study of a deep learning model in a retinal screening program in Zambia, which showed excellent and earlier diagnostic performance for referable diabetic retinopathy, vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic macular oedema compared with human graders. None of this is theoretical. The cost curves are collapsing faster than most policymakers realize. In 2022, training and running a high-performing malaria microscopy LLM cost roughly USD 180,000 . By late 2025, the marginal cost per test in large-scale deployments is under USD 0.30 — cheaper than the current rapid diagnostic test in many places once distribution and cold-chain costs are included. The health implications for Africa First, regulation must keep pace. Kenya’s Pharmacy and Poisons Board and Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control have both issued pragmatic guidelines for AI as a medical device in the past 18 months — a quiet but crucial step that many larger economies still struggle with. Second, local data must remain local where necessary.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 120, "end": 124, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 234, "end": 240, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zambia"}, {"start": 536, "end": 540, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 621, "end": 628, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "180,000"}, {"start": 639, "end": 643, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 712, "end": 716, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.30"}, {"start": 769, "end": 773, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 862, "end": 868, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 903, "end": 908, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 911, "end": 1012, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pharmacy and Poisons Board and Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1022, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1099, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past 18 months"}, {"start": 1132, "end": 1136, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20315, "source_text": "The most accurate algorithms for sickle-cell disease, cervical cancer pre-screening, or paediatric pneumonia in African children are being trained on African data sets. Founders and governments that insist on data residency and local model ownership are building strategic assets, not just health tools. Third, financing models must shift from perpetual donor pilots to sustainable integration. Rwanda and Ghana are already bundling AI diagnostics into their national health insurance schemes. When a service is reimbursed at USD 1–2 per test instead of being grant-dependent, scale happens overnight. Risks and limitations of LLMS Despite the transformative potential of large language models in healthcare, their deployment is not without significant risks and limitations. One of the most widely discussed concerns is hallucination , where models generate confident but incorrect or fabricated outputs. In clinical or healthcare-adjacent settings, such errors can have serious consequences, including misinterpretation of medical information, inappropriate recommendations, or erosion of trust in clinical decision-making processes. LLMs are also highly dependent on the quality, scope, and representativeness of their training data. Biases embedded in historical healthcare data, such as underrepresentation of certain populations, can be learned and amplified by these systems, potentially leading to inequitable outcomes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 169, "end": 177, "label": "JOB", "value": "Founders"}, {"start": 395, "end": 401, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rwanda"}, {"start": 406, "end": 411, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 530, "end": 533, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1–2"}]}
{"unique_index": 20316, "source_text": "Additionally, LLMs lack true contextual understanding and clinical reasoning; they do not possess intent, awareness, or accountability, and therefore should not be relied upon as autonomous decision-makers. While large-scale, peer-reviewed evidence of widespread harm is still emerging, the consensus across the literature emphasizes the necessity of human oversight, rigorous validation, and domain-specific safeguards. LLMs are best positioned as decision-support tools rather than replacements for clinical expertise. Additionally, issues related to data privacy, security, and regulatory compliance remain unresolved in many implementations. Without robust governance frameworks, the integration of LLMs into healthcare systems risks violating patient confidentiality and existing ethical standards. However, these advances mean that, by 2030, a child born in a village outside Kisumu or Kumasi will not need to travel 200 kilometers (124 miles) to see whether a skin lesion is cancerous or whether a cough is tuberculosis. A trained community health worker, a USD 120 smartphone, and an LLM model continuously updated over 5G will provide an answer in minutes, not months. We are not waiting for some distant singularity. In parts of Africa, the future of healthcare has already started — quietly, incrementally, and at a speed that most global observers still underestimate.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 624, "end": 628, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 842, "end": 846, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 923, "end": 926, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 939, "end": 942, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "124"}, {"start": 1069, "end": 1072, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "120"}, {"start": 1239, "end": 1245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20328, "source_text": "Beyond boubou and wax prints: Africa Fashion Tour changes perceptions of African creativity\n\nAlthough African fashion has long been reduced to wax prints , boubou (long, loose-fitting dresses), and handicrafts, another story is unfolding on this continent. African designers now dress global stars, like Michelle Obama, Rihanna, and Beyoncé. African brands have also won the LVMH ( Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton ) Prize, and the Dakar and Lagos Fashion Weeks are setting their own trends. Ramata Diallo , a Fashion Management graduate from Kedge Business School , has made it her mission to report on this thriving, creative Africa through her Africa Fashion Tour initiative, a media platform dedicated to the continent’s fashion professionals. A far cry from clichés, she talks more about the economic success stories, ethical and efficient models, and luxury know-how that rivals that of major international fashion houses. In an email interview with Global Voices, she explains how cultural visibility translates into economic viability, why African authenticity doesn’t need to adapt to Western markets, and how this continent may well become a leader in more sustainable and inclusive fashion.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 91, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Beyond boubou and wax prints: Africa Fashion Tour changes perceptions of African creativity"}, {"start": 265, "end": 274, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}, {"start": 275, "end": 278, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 487, "end": 500, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ramata Diallo"}, {"start": 538, "end": 559, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kedge Business School"}, {"start": 623, "end": 629, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 642, "end": 648, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 951, "end": 964, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 20329, "source_text": "Joel Hevi (JH): When travelling across the continent for the Africa Fashion Tour, what techniques or styling impressed you most? Why does it remain largely unknown internationally? Ramata Diallo (RD) : Mes voyages à travers les capitales de la mode en Afrique et mes interviews de professionnels de la mode m’ont permis de comprendre les spécificités des savoir-faire uniques du continent africain. Le caractère luxueux des tissus tels que le Leppi de Guinée ou le Kente du Ghana qui nécessitent plusieurs heures de travail manuel comptent parmis les éléments qui m’ont le plus marquée. Le relation particulière entre le créateur de mode et ses clients qui jouent à la fois le rôle de designer et de styliste est un autre élément qui place l’écosystème de la mode en Afrique dans le segment haut de gamme. Ramata Diallo (RD) : My trips to Africa’s fashion capitals and my interviews with fashion professionals helped me understand the specifics of the African continent’s unique know-how. The luxurious nature of fabrics like Guinea’s Leppi or Ghana’s Kente , which require several hours of handwork, is one of the features that impressed me most.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joel Hevi"}, {"start": 61, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 181, "end": 194, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ramata Diallo"}, {"start": 474, "end": 479, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 685, "end": 693, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}, {"start": 806, "end": 819, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ramata Diallo"}, {"start": 839, "end": 845, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1032, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Guinea"}, {"start": 1044, "end": 1049, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1087, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 20330, "source_text": "The special relationship between fashion designers and their clients, who serve as both designer and stylist, is another factor that puts Africa’s fashion ecosystem in the high-end category. JH: The image of African fashion is often limited to boubou and wax prints. Is it a conscious move on your part to look beyond these symbols? Do they still retain strategic value for the continent’s branding? RD : L’Afrique est composée de 54 pays et ne saurait être réduite au boubou, au wax et à la djellaba (longue robe ample répandue comme vêtement traditionnel au Maghreb). L’ambition du média Africa Fashion Tour est d’aller à la rencontre de ceux qui font la mode et de présenter leur travail. Le vestiaire de la femme africaine est multiple. Loin d’être uniforme, la mode africaine est tantôt traditionnelle, tantôt occidentale, tantôt hybride. Inclassable si on utilise une grille de lecture occidentale. Le consommateur de mode africain est volatile, son style évolue au gré des cérémonies. Tous les excès sont permis et chacun peut utiliser la mode comme moyen d’expression du plus classique au plus extravagant.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 50, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}, {"start": 83, "end": 87, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 88, "end": 96, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}, {"start": 138, "end": 144, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 431, "end": 433, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "54"}, {"start": 590, "end": 596, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20331, "source_text": "RD : Africa is made up of 54 countries and should not be limited to boubou, wax prints, and djellaba (a long, loose-fitting robe that is traditional attire in the Maghreb region). The Africa Fashion Tour media platform aims to reach out to those involved in fashion and showcase their work. African women’s wardrobes are diverse. Quite mixed, African fashion is sometimes traditional, sometimes Western, and sometimes a combination. It is unclassifiable when using a Western frame of reference. African fashion consumers are unpredictable; their style changes depending on the occasion. Anything goes, and everyone can use fashion as a means of expression, from the most classic to the most extravagant. JH: Storytelling is an integral part of your approach, especially through the articles and podcasts you publish on your platform. How do you choose the stories to showcase? What criteria do you use to tell these stories? RD : L’objectif du média est de donner la parole à des professionnels du secteur de la mode basé en Afrique afin de leur donner l'opportunité de raconter leur propre histoire.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 26, "end": 28, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "54"}, {"start": 184, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20332, "source_text": "L'idée est de raconter des success story africaines, de montrer à quel point les modèles économiques sont à la fois éthiques et performants, de sortir des clichés et des idées reçues pour montrer à quel point le business de la mode en Afrique est florissant. RD : The media platform’s objective is to make the voices of Africa-based fashion industry professionals heard, giving them the chance to tell their own stories. The aim is to tell African success stories, show how efficient and ethical the economic models can be, and look beyond clichés and misconceptions to illustrate how Africa’s fashion industry is thriving. JH: The fashion industry is also an economic arena . How do you see the link between cultural visibility and economic viability for African designers? Have you identified any particularly inspiring economic models ? RD : Les professionnels de la mode en Afrique ont parfaitement compris le jeu de l'influence et des collaborations. Récemment Ciara , artiste américaine a défilé à la Lagos Fashion Week pour la marque Fruche . Tongoro et Sisters of Afrika ont habillé Beyoncé une star internationale que l'on ne présente plus.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 320, "end": 326, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 585, "end": 591, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 764, "end": 773, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20333, "source_text": "La visibilité des marques africaines sur les podiums et les médias internationaux est un enjeu majeur pour changer le regard sur la mode africaine et placer les designers du continent africain au même niveau que les autres. Cette visibilité sur les réseaux sociaux a un impact direct sur les commandes et la viabilité des marques. RD: Fashion professionals in Africa have perfectly understood the role of influence and collaborations. Recently, Ciara , an American music artist, walked the runway at the Lagos Fashion Week for the Nigerian brand Fruche . Tongoro and Sisters of Afrika have also dressed Beyoncé, an international star who needs no introduction. The visibility of African brands on catwalks and the international media is central to changing perceptions of African fashion and putting the continent’s designers on the same footing as others. Visibility on social media directly impacts orders and the brand’s viability. JH: The Western market values authenticity and handicrafts, but also requires difficult-to-meet production, delivery, and volume standards . How does Africa Fashion Tour help designers navigate this gap? Are there brands that have successfully found the perfect balance between their artisanal identity and the global market demands ?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 161, "end": 170, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}, {"start": 360, "end": 366, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 445, "end": 450, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ciara"}, {"start": 471, "end": 477, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 816, "end": 825, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1091, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1110, "end": 1119, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20334, "source_text": "RD : L'authenticité et le fait-main sont des valeurs totalement africaines. En 2025, la réussite du Pop up Africa now aux Galeries Lafayette a été une réussite. Il a réunit 15 créateurs sur un espace dédié pendant trois semaines. C'est un exemple concret de la capacité des professionnels de la mode la mode en Afrique à présenter des collections et atteindre les standards occidentaux. Le marché mondial est déréglé avec des acteurs qui produisent des quantités en masse qu’ils ne parviennent pas à vendre. Le temps est à la rationalisation et à la production de collections en éditions limitées, ce qui correspond totalement aux modes de fonctionnement des marques africaines. RD: Authenticity and handicrafts are quintessentially African values. In 2025, the Africa Now pop-up at Galeries Lafayette in Paris was a success. It brought together 15 designers in one dedicated space for three weeks. This is an excellent example of the African fashion professionals’ ability to showcase collections and meet Western standards. Those who produce mass quantities but fail to sell disrupt the global market.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 79, "end": 83, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 107, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 114, "end": 117, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 173, "end": 175, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 752, "end": 756, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 762, "end": 768, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 769, "end": 772, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 846, "end": 848, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 849, "end": 858, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}, {"start": 862, "end": 865, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 886, "end": 897, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three weeks"}]}
{"unique_index": 20335, "source_text": "The time has come to streamline and produce limited-edition collections, which aligns entirely with African brands’ way of working. JH: Aside from your platform, how could mass media change the perception of African fashion, especially on social networks and in visual productions like film and TV series ? RD : L’explosion de l’influence africaine au-delà des frontières du continent à travers Nollywood, Marodi TV ( une société de production de contenus audiovisuels), l’afrobeat notamment n’est plus à prouver. En 2025, la marque ghanéenne Boyedoe a été démi-finaliste du concours LVMH. Le succès de la Foire Akaa (Also Known As Africa) à Paris qui a fêté ses 10 ans en 2025 est une autre preuve de l’attrait grandissant pour les industries culturelles et créatives africaines qui ne se limitent pas à des likes sur les réseaux sociaux, mais se traduit concrètement par des films et des événements tels, que les fashion week à Dakar ou Lagos. RD: The success of the AKAA (Also Known As Africa) contemporary art and design fair in Paris, which marked its 10th anniversary in 2025, is further proof of the growing appeal of African creative and cultural industries.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 406, "end": 415, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Marodi TV"}, {"start": 517, "end": 521, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 632, "end": 638, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 663, "end": 665, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 673, "end": 677, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 989, "end": 995, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1077, "end": 1081, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20336, "source_text": "This is not limited to likes on social media, but is reflected in films and events such as the Dakar and Lagos Fashion Weeks. JH: African fashion is often seen as an emerging industry or a source of inspiration for the rest of the world . Does the continent have the potential to become a true pillar of innovation and leadership, setting tomorrow’s global trends, especially in terms of durability and inclusion? RD : Sur le continent à travers les Fashion Week à Dakar, à Lagos, à Casablanca, la mode afrcaine a déjà ses propres tendances, ses propres codes et ne doit pas chercher à s’adapter à un marché occidental. Il y a un fort intéret pour les créateurs du continent et des consommateurs issus de la diaspora, du marché local et du reste du monde. RD : Through the Dakar, Lagos, and Casablanca Fashion Weeks, African fashion already has its own trends and codes on this continent, and must not try to adapt to the Western market. There is strong interest in the continent’s designers, with consumers in the diaspora, the local market, and the rest of the world.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 339, "end": 347, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "tomorrow"}, {"start": 791, "end": 815, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Casablanca Fashion Weeks"}, {"start": 982, "end": 991, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20337, "source_text": "Pitching power: Unpacking the T20 Cricket World Cup crisis between Bangladesh and India\n\nThe 2026 T20 Cricket World Cup , the biennial event organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC), is meant to celebrate cricket’s global reach, yet it has instead exposed the fault lines where sport, security, and statecraft collide with unwanted consequences. Bangladesh has refused to participate in matches scheduled on Indian soil due to security concerns and political tensions. However, the unfolding cricket crisis represents far more than a diplomatic standoff or a security dispute. The genesis of Bangladesh’s security concerns can’t be properly understood without examining the Mustafizur Rahman paradox that has stumped the cricketing world . When the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI) instructed the Kolkata Knight Riders to release the Bangladeshi pacer from their IPL 2026 squad due to security concerns, they inadvertently created a logical conundrum that Bangladeshi officials quickly seized upon. Namely, if India’s own cricket board felt unable to guarantee the security of a single Bangladeshi player during the IPL — a tournament played under controlled conditions with private security and limited public access — how could Bangladesh reasonably trust that adequate protection would be provided for an entire national team, their support staff, travelling journalists, and potentially thousands of supporters during a global tournament?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 87, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pitching power: Unpacking the T20 Cricket World Cup crisis between Bangladesh and India"}, {"start": 93, "end": 97, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 158, "end": 187, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Cricket Council"}, {"start": 189, "end": 192, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICC"}, {"start": 358, "end": 368, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 604, "end": 614, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 761, "end": 789, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Board of Control for Cricket"}, {"start": 793, "end": 798, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 892, "end": 896, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1040, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1255, "end": 1265, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1387, "end": 1398, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1416, "end": 1425, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 20338, "source_text": "Indeed, the ICC’s own security assessment , leaked and subsequently confirmed, acknowledges what Bangladesh has been arguing all along. The independent risk assessment in January 2026 explicitly stated that while the threat to the Bangladesh team itself remains “moderate,” the risk to Bangladeshi nationals and supporters attending fixtures would be “moderate to high, particularly those wearing team colours and travelling in isolated groups to the stadium.” Furthermore, this assessment specifically noted that “the presence of Mustafizur Rahman may be problematic if religious extremism becomes kinetically engaged.” The report reveals a fundamental disconnect between bureaucratic risk management and lived security realities. When Sports Adviser Asif Nazrul stated that Bangladesh would not compromise “the security and dignity of its cricketers, spectators, and journalists,” he was not engaging in diplomatic theatre but rather articulating a government’s fundamental responsibility to protect its nationals. Moreover, the timing and context of these security concerns significantly enhance their legitimacy. Relations between Bangladesh and India have deteriorated precipitously since former Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina fled to India in August 2024, after a student-led uprising ousted the ruling Awami League Party.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 97, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 171, "end": 183, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 231, "end": 241, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 752, "end": 763, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Asif Nazrul"}, {"start": 776, "end": 786, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 869, "end": 880, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1145, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1150, "end": 1155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1201, "end": 1211, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1212, "end": 1226, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 1227, "end": 1240, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 1249, "end": 1254, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1258, "end": 1269, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2024"}, {"start": 1318, "end": 1336, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League Party"}]}
{"unique_index": 20339, "source_text": "Since then, diplomatic relations between the two countries have been marked by escalating tensions, mutual recriminations, and most significantly, violent incidents targeting Bangladeshi diplomatic facilities. When diplomatic barriers block the stands Perhaps the most overlooked dimension of this crisis involves the practical impossibility of Bangladeshi supporters actually attending the tournament, even if the security situation were resolved. Due to the ongoing diplomatic deadlock between the two states, the Indian government has implemented a strict visa restriction policy against Bangladesh, which effectively bars ordinary Bangladeshi citizens from obtaining Indian visas. While there has been speculation that players and support staff might be granted special diplomatic visas, Bangladeshi journalists and sponsors face insurmountable barriers. Read More: The hidden cost of India’s restriction on Bangladeshi visas What kind of “World Cup” excludes the supporters of a participating nation? How does one celebrate cricket’s global appeal while denying entry to fans based on their nationality? The spectre of mob violence The possibility of mob violence against Bangladeshi supporters, players, staff, and journalists is not speculative fear-mongering but a reasonable extrapolation from documented incidents of violence against Bangladeshi fans and rising anti-Bangladesh propaganda.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 48, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 500, "end": 503, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 591, "end": 601, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 804, "end": 815, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 889, "end": 894, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1018, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1221, "end": 1232, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1377, "end": 1387, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20340, "source_text": "Across India, particularly in states like West Bengal that will host World Cup matches, anti-Bangladesh sentiment has intensified dramatically since Hasina’s ouster, fueled by accusations regarding the treatment of Hindu minorities in Bangladesh and amplified by political parties seeking electoral advantage. Indeed, the assessment’s specific mention of Mustafizur Rahman’s presence potentially triggering violence “ if religious extremism becomes kinetically engaged ” reveals how the sport has become a proxy for communal flashpoints. The phrase “kinetically engaged” is security jargon for actual violence, physical attacks that could range from verbal abuse to mob assault. The political calculations behind the crisis Perhaps the most cynical dimension of this crisis involves how both the Indian and Bangladeshi governments are weaponising cricket for domestic political advantage, particularly in the context of the 2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly elections scheduled for March–April 2026. For India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which has been attempting to break into Bengal’s political space since 2014 under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, opposing Bangladesh has become an electoral goldmine .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 93, "end": 103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 149, "end": 155, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hasina"}, {"start": 235, "end": 245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 787, "end": 791, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 924, "end": 928, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 929, "end": 961, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "West Bengal Legislative Assembly"}, {"start": 992, "end": 1002, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1013, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1045, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bharatiya Janata Party"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1050, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BJP"}, {"start": 1124, "end": 1128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1149, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 1150, "end": 1163, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Narendra Modi"}, {"start": 1174, "end": 1184, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20341, "source_text": "What bigger card can there be at this moment than anti-Bangladesh rhetoric, framed as protection of Hindu minorities? If cricket and religion can be deployed as electoral instruments, particularly in Kolkata, then they are incentivised to manufacture and maintain this crisis. Simultaneously, with its own political pressures and incentives, Bangladesh’s interim government understands that anti-India rhetoric serves as its biggest political card . Taking a strong stand against India, refusing to compromise on World Cup participation, and publicly challenging the ICC’s security assessments all play well domestically, particularly among segments of Bangladeshi society. This creates a dangerous dynamic in which neither government has an incentive to de-escalate. Instead, both benefit from maintaining crisis conditions, from using cricket as a proxy battlefield for broader geopolitical tensions. How exiled politics shadows the tournament A particularly troubling dimension of this crisis involves the concentration of exiled Awami League leaders in Kolkata’s New Town area , the very city scheduled to host three of Bangladesh’s four group matches.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 342, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 396, "end": 401, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 480, "end": 485, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 777, "end": 781, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1045, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 1057, "end": 1075, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kolkata’s New Town"}, {"start": 1124, "end": 1134, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1141, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}]}
{"unique_index": 20342, "source_text": "Approximately 2,000 former ministers and top and middle-rung leaders of the Awami League , which ruled Bangladesh from 2009 to 2024, joined by journalists, civil society activists, army officers, law enforcement officers, and diplomats who fled Bangladesh after the July revolution in August 2024, have established a de facto political base in New Town. This creates an explosive situation where Bangladesh’s national cricket team would be playing matches in a city that has become the operational headquarters for their government’s political enemies, leaders actively planning their return to power in Bangladesh. Would Awami League supporters, protected and hosted by Indian authorities, see Bangladesh’s cricket matches as opportunities for political demonstrations? In this context, Bangladesh’s security concerns about playing in India become inseparable from concerns about playing in a city that serves as a sanctuary for their political opponents . The weaponisation of sport Despite acknowledging moderate to high risks for Bangladeshi supporters in its own security assessment, the ICC has attempted to frame these concerns as manageable and has rejected Bangladesh’s interpretation of the assessment as a “complete lie.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 19, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,000"}, {"start": 27, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "ministers"}, {"start": 76, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 103, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 119, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}, {"start": 127, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 143, "end": 154, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 170, "end": 179, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 186, "end": 194, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 196, "end": 220, "label": "JOB", "value": "law enforcement officers"}, {"start": 226, "end": 235, "label": "JOB", "value": "diplomats"}, {"start": 245, "end": 255, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 285, "end": 296, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2024"}, {"start": 344, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Town"}, {"start": 396, "end": 406, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 604, "end": 614, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 616, "end": 634, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Would Awami League"}, {"start": 695, "end": 705, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 788, "end": 798, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 836, "end": 841, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1166, "end": 1176, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20343, "source_text": "This denotes a deliberate dismissal of legitimate concerns to shield tournament scheduling and commercial interests. If Bangladesh, a full member of the ICC, can have its documented security concerns dismissed as political posturing, what recourse do smaller or less politically influential cricket nations have? The precedent being established here is perilous: that the ICC’s commitment to protecting players and supporters is conditional upon not disrupting tournament logistics or challenging powerful cricket boards like the BCCI. As Bangladesh remains firm in its stance that it will not travel to India for the T20 World Cup 2026, the crisis reveals a dangerous intersection of sport with politics. The ICC’s security assessment acknowledges risks but insists they are manageable. India offers security guarantees while simultaneously restricting visas for Bangladeshi supporters and failing to protect Bangladeshi diplomatic facilities in India. Both governments weaponise cricket for domestic political advantage while claiming to act in the sport’s interests. Bangladesh’s refusal to play is not political theatre or diplomatic posturing. Rather, it represents a principled stand that security concerns matter and that cricket’s integrity depends on separating sport from the weapons of statecraft.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 120, "end": 130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 539, "end": 549, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 604, "end": 609, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 632, "end": 636, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 788, "end": 793, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 947, "end": 952, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 954, "end": 958, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1080, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20344, "source_text": "Truth-telling and treaty: Australian Indigenous lawyer’s commitment to real change for First Nations People\n\nTekan Cochrane is an Australian Indigenous lawyer with Kooma, Yuwaalaraay and Torres Strait Islander heritage, as well as diverse European heritage. Raised on a farm in central Queensland, away from major population centres, and the first in her family to attend university, Tekan’s work is grounded in lived experience, community accountability, and a deep commitment to justice and systemic reform. In 2025, Tekan was a finalist for the Australian Human Rights Commission’s Law Award, selected from more than 100 national nominations and recognised for her work supporting First Nations peoples and individuals in disadvantaged and marginalised communities. Tekan is the Executive Officer of Tarwirri Indigenous Law Association of Victoria, a not-for-profit membership organisation representing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander legal professionals, graduates and students. Tarwirri is funded through the Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement due to the strong need for more Indigenous lawyers in Australia.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 107, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Truth-telling and treaty: Australian Indigenous lawyer’s commitment to real change for First Nations People"}, {"start": 109, "end": 123, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan Cochrane"}, {"start": 152, "end": 158, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 171, "end": 209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yuwaalaraay and Torres Strait Islander"}, {"start": 384, "end": 389, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan"}, {"start": 513, "end": 517, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 519, "end": 524, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan"}, {"start": 620, "end": 623, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 769, "end": 774, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan"}, {"start": 782, "end": 799, "label": "JOB", "value": "Executive Officer"}, {"start": 803, "end": 850, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tarwirri Indigenous Law Association of Victoria"}, {"start": 906, "end": 943, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1058, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1109, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 1113, "end": 1122, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20345, "source_text": "Tekan is also the founder of TC Law & Consulting , a member of the Law Council of Australia’s Indigenous Legal Issues Committee , the Chair of the Law Institute of Victoria’s Reconciliation Advancement Committee and was formerly a Non-Executive Director of Women of Colour Australia . Previously, Tekan played a key role in the creation and management of the Victorian Stolen Generations Reparations Package , which acknowledges and addresses the trauma and harm caused by the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families, culture and Country. Her work continues to focus on First Nations justice, truth-telling, and structural reform across legal, policy and governance systems. Tekan recently completed a Master’s in international relations, completing her dissertation on Indigenous peoples at a global level with a comparative study on Australia and Colombia. On January 18, 2026, Global Voices’ author Kevin Rennie interviewed Tekan about her work for First Nations justice. Kevin Rennie (KR): Given the tough-on-crime policies of Australian state governments, what can be done to reverse the growing trend of incarceration of Indigenous people in Australia, especially youth?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan"}, {"start": 18, "end": 25, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 29, "end": 48, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TC Law & Consulting"}, {"start": 67, "end": 91, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Law Council of Australia"}, {"start": 94, "end": 127, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Indigenous Legal Issues Committee"}, {"start": 134, "end": 139, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chair"}, {"start": 147, "end": 211, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Law Institute of Victoria’s Reconciliation Advancement Committee"}, {"start": 231, "end": 253, "label": "JOB", "value": "Non-Executive Director"}, {"start": 257, "end": 282, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Women of Colour Australia"}, {"start": 297, "end": 302, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan"}, {"start": 693, "end": 698, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan"}, {"start": 853, "end": 862, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 867, "end": 875, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 880, "end": 896, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 18, 2026"}, {"start": 898, "end": 911, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 913, "end": 919, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 920, "end": 932, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kevin Rennie"}, {"start": 945, "end": 950, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1005, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kevin Rennie"}, {"start": 1166, "end": 1175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20346, "source_text": "Tekan Cochrane (TC): In my view, the over-incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples is not a failure of individuals but a failure of systems. The ‘Tough on crime’ policies disproportionately criminalise poverty, trauma, disability and racialised policing, particularly for our young people. Reversing this ‘trend’ requires a decisive shift away from punitive approaches and toward prevention, properly resourced community-led diversion programs, culturally safe youth services, justice reinvestment, and genuine accountability for police and child protection agencies. Most importantly, solutions must be designed and led by First Nations communities themselves. However, we need governments fully on board. KR: We are living through a new “stolen” generation with many Indigenous children being forcibly removed from their families. What action can we take to stem this shocking trend? TC: The fact that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children continue to be removed at alarming rates should shame the nation. Despite decades of inquiries and apologies, we are repeating the same harms under different names. To sum this up, governments must invest in early family support, housing stability, and culturally appropriate child and family services, not crisis-driven removals.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tekan Cochrane"}, {"start": 59, "end": 96, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander"}, {"start": 786, "end": 790, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 926, "end": 963, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander"}]}
{"unique_index": 20347, "source_text": "The evidence is clear, when communities are trusted and resourced to care for their own children, outcomes improve dramatically. KR: The Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement has been around for nearly 20 years. What positive impact has it made on legal processes and outcomes for Aboriginal people? TC: The Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement has demonstrated that sustained partnership between government and Aboriginal communities can lead to real, measurable change. It has improved cultural safety in courts, increased Aboriginal participation in justice decision-making, and reduced some contact points with the criminal justice system. While gaps remain — particularly in incarceration rates — the Agreement shows that long-term, relationship-based reform is far more effective than short political cycles or punitive policy shifts. KR: In 2025, Victoria became the first State government to legislate a treaty with its First Nations peoples. How can it make a real difference for the lives of Indigenous peoples? TC: Victoria’s decision to legislate a Treaty framework is historic, but in reality, its value will be measured by outcomes, not symbolism.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 133, "end": 175, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement"}, {"start": 203, "end": 211, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 305, "end": 347, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement"}, {"start": 851, "end": 855, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20348, "source_text": "Treaty has the potential to transform power relations by embedding self-determination, truth-telling and accountability into the fabric of the State. If implemented properly, Treaty can address structural inequities in areas such as land, health, education and justice and, critically, it can provide a mechanism for First Nations peoples to negotiate directly over matters that affect our lives. I personally have a very positive outlook on Treaty in Victoria. KR: Following the 2023 failure of the constitutional referendum to enshrine an Indigenous Voice to the Federal Parliament, how can we get national reconciliation back on track? TC: The failure of the referendum was painful, but it should not be mistaken for a rejection of justice or truth. Reconciliation cannot be contingent on a single vote. It must continue through State and Territory processes, Treaty, truth-telling, and legislative reform. National reconciliation will only move forward when governments stop seeking permission to do the right thing and instead act consistently with human rights standards and the wishes of First Nations peoples themselves. KR: What has been your involvement with the Women of Colour Australia organisation?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 480, "end": 484, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 565, "end": 583, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Parliament"}, {"start": 832, "end": 851, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "State and Territory"}, {"start": 1173, "end": 1198, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Women of Colour Australia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20349, "source_text": "TC: My involvement with Women of Colour Australia has centered on amplifying the voices of women who sit at the intersections of race, gender and structural disadvantage. WoCA provides an important platform for advocacy, solidarity and leadership, particularly for women who are often marginalised within mainstream policy and professional spaces. That work aligns closely with my broader commitment to justice, equity and collective care. KR: With your busy professional life, how do you manage to maintain links to your Indigenous Country and culture? TC: Connection to Country and culture is not something I “fit in” around my work, it is what sustains it. Staying grounded in community, listening to Elders, honouring cultural obligations, and making time for reflection are essential acts of resistance in systems that often demand disconnection. For me, cultural continuity is both a responsibility and a source of strength. It reminds me of why this work matters and who it is ultimately for. KR: Finally, what advice do you have for young Indigenous people thinking of a career in the law?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 24, "end": 49, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Women of Colour Australia"}, {"start": 522, "end": 540, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indigenous Country"}, {"start": 883, "end": 887, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20350, "source_text": "TC: Law needs you, not for you to change who you are, but for you to bring your whole self into a system that has too often excluded our voices. The legal profession can be challenging and, at times, isolating for Indigenous peoples and those of minority backgrounds, but your lived experience, cultural knowledge and community connections are strengths, not weaknesses. I also strongly advise seeking mentors and stay connected to community, and don’t be afraid to take up space because we all belong in these rooms (the legal sector). I also advise young Indigenous people who are interested in a career in law to remember that law is a tool, you can use it in many ways, whether in advocacy, policy, community-controlled organisations, or the courts. Also, the most important piece of advice I can give is to look after yourself along the way. There is no single path, and success does not require sacrificing your culture or identity. Overall, be true to yourself!!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 663, "end": 667, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20351, "source_text": "After COP30, climate projects continue to threaten Indonesia’s Indigenous communities\n\nIndigenous peoples play an important role in the global climate agenda. At the 2025 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil, their work as forest guardians and protectors of biodiversity was recognized. However, the situation in Indonesia is more complicated. Indigenous communities and their lands often face threats from government-backed climate projects that do not address the real problems. Mega-development projects such as the geothermal plant in Poco Leok, East Nusa Tenggara, the bioenergy project in Merauke, Papua, the dam construction in North Kalimantan, and the Lambo Reservoir in Nagekeo have all put Indigenous lands at risk. Indonesia is home to an estimated 50 to 70 million Indigenous people . There are over 2,000 groups, with 2,161 recognized Indigenous communities. Most of these communities live on Borneo Island, followed by Sulawesi and Sumatra. The Indonesian government has set a goal to recognize 1.4 million hectares of customary forests as part of its plan to reduce deforestation at COP30.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "After COP30, climate projects continue to threaten Indonesia’s Indigenous communities"}, {"start": 166, "end": 170, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 171, "end": 185, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 223, "end": 228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belém"}, {"start": 230, "end": 236, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 342, "end": 351, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 756, "end": 765, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 790, "end": 806, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50 to 70 million"}, {"start": 842, "end": 847, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,000"}, {"start": 861, "end": 866, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,161"}, {"start": 936, "end": 949, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Borneo Island"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1050, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.4 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20352, "source_text": "The Indigenous Peoples Alliance of the Archipelago ( AMAN ), which represents Indigenous communities across Indonesia, welcomed the announcement but said it is only a first step. The government has already received maps for 33.6 million hectares of customary territories, with more than half located in forest areas. Without real involvement from Indigenous communities and solutions to land disputes, recognizing customary forests could remain only a promise and a token political statement. AMAN secretary-general Rukka Sombolinggi said the number of forest areas should be expanded: The 1.4 million hectares targeted for 2029 should be seen as a flexible number, given the large potential of customary forests and the ongoing growth of regional policy initiatives. This means the area of customary forests that could be designated is much greater than 1.4 million hectares. As investments and national projects grow, and climate policies ignore human rights, Indigenous communities face land seizures, criminalization, and increased violence. The government has not improved its recognition or protection of indigenous peoples’ rights, and the situation worsened in 2025.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Indigenous Peoples Alliance"}, {"start": 108, "end": 117, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 224, "end": 236, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33.6 million"}, {"start": 287, "end": 291, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 498, "end": 515, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary-general"}, {"start": 516, "end": 533, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rukka Sombolinggi"}, {"start": 590, "end": 601, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.4 million"}, {"start": 624, "end": 628, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2029"}, {"start": 855, "end": 866, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.4 million"}, {"start": 1169, "end": 1173, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20353, "source_text": "AMAN reported 135 cases of customary land being taken, resulting in the loss of 3.8 million hectares from 109 Indigenous communities. Besides losing land, 162 indigenous communities also experienced criminalization and violence. These problems are linked to forestry, mining, energy, large plantations, infrastructure projects, and the development of conservation areas and national parks. Sombolinggi added: In 2025, 38 million hectares of Indigenous land were taken. Over the previous decade, 11.7 million hectares were seized, averaging 1.1 million hectares per year. This year’s number is three times higher than the average. What we see is moral violence against Indigenous communities. Policies make it easier to take Indigenous land, and violence is becoming more common. Sadly, the government keeps denying this reality, and Indigenous people are being criminalized. AMAN notes that the government’s current policies could worsen and spread conflicts. For example, the Presidential Regulation on forest areas brings in security forces, leading to more militarization in Indigenous lands . This policy treats Indigenous communities as subjects to be controlled, which could lead to more repression under the excuse of order, development, or strategic projects.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 17, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "135"}, {"start": 80, "end": 91, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.8 million"}, {"start": 106, "end": 109, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "109"}, {"start": 155, "end": 158, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "162"}, {"start": 390, "end": 401, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sombolinggi"}, {"start": 412, "end": 416, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 418, "end": 428, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "38 million"}, {"start": 478, "end": 493, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous decade"}, {"start": 495, "end": 507, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11.7 million"}, {"start": 540, "end": 551, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.1 million"}, {"start": 571, "end": 580, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This year"}, {"start": 593, "end": 598, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 20354, "source_text": "AMAN laments that the Indigenous Peoples Bill has been stalled in parliament for over 10 years. This law could help end structural discrimination, recognize ancestral rights, and stop the repeated seizure of Indigenous lands. This will demonstrate that state officials are complying with the constitution and address accusations of persistent neglect of Indigenous peoples and their traditional rights, particularly rights to land, customary territories, and natural resources. This author spoke with Eustobio Rero Renggi, AMAN’s deputy secretary-general for Organizational Affairs, who attended COP30 in Brazil. He shared the following insight: At COP30, countries rarely discussed the rights of Indigenous peoples. Most progress for these groups took place outside the main talks. One major step was when 11 countries agreed to recognize global tenure rights, signing an agreement that covers land-use rights for 160 million hectares. Philanthropic groups and some developed countries also pledged $1.8 billion in global funding to support Indigenous peoples. The Indonesian government has promised to restore 1.4 million hectares of customary forests, but this commitment needs more attention since there has been no official progress in recognizing these forests after COP30.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Indigenous Peoples Bill"}, {"start": 86, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 years"}, {"start": 483, "end": 489, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 501, "end": 521, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Eustobio Rero Renggi"}, {"start": 537, "end": 554, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary-general"}, {"start": 605, "end": 611, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 783, "end": 786, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 807, "end": 809, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 915, "end": 926, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "160 million"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1012, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.8 billion"}, {"start": 1112, "end": 1123, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.4 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20355, "source_text": "Third World’s Stephen ‘Cat’ Coore, a Jamaican who straddled musical genres, dies at 69\n\nIt was with shock that Jamaicans learned of the death of one of their most beloved reggae musicians, Stephen “Cat” Coore, who suddenly passed away on January 18, 2026. He is mourned by his wife, Donna Feltis-Coore, and children Shiah, Kanna, Stephen Jr., and Ashley. Prime Minister Andrew Holness posted on X: His tribute was followed by a series of tweets from Culture Minister Olivia “Babsy” Grange, who called Coore “a unique talent and a true Reggae Ambassador” whose music “helped carry Jamaica’s sound to the world,” adding: Opposition Leader Mark Golding’s homage, meanwhile, came from the perspective of being personally acquainted with the musician: Golding continued , “On a personal level, Cat and I shared interests in music and cricket, and we enjoyed good conversations whenever our paths crossed. I saw him most recently last Friday at the UWI Chapel on leaving a funeral. We warmly embraced, with promises that we would soon talk. The news this morning of his passing is therefore all the more shocking.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 86, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Third World’s Stephen ‘Cat’ Coore, a Jamaican who straddled musical genres, dies at 69"}, {"start": 178, "end": 187, "label": "JOB", "value": "musicians"}, {"start": 189, "end": 208, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephen “Cat” Coore"}, {"start": 238, "end": 254, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 18, 2026"}, {"start": 296, "end": 301, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 330, "end": 337, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephen"}, {"start": 355, "end": 369, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 370, "end": 384, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrew Holness"}, {"start": 395, "end": 396, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 450, "end": 466, "label": "JOB", "value": "Culture Minister"}, {"start": 467, "end": 488, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Olivia “Babsy” Grange"}, {"start": 501, "end": 506, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 535, "end": 552, "label": "JOB", "value": "Reggae Ambassador"}, {"start": 580, "end": 587, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 619, "end": 636, "label": "JOB", "value": "Opposition Leader"}, {"start": 637, "end": 649, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mark Golding"}, {"start": 737, "end": 745, "label": "JOB", "value": "musician"}, {"start": 747, "end": 754, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Golding"}, {"start": 929, "end": 935, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday"}, {"start": 1044, "end": 1056, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 20356, "source_text": "Born in Kingston on April 6, 1956, Stephen “Cat” Coore’s musical career started very early, spanning fifty years. He was born into a comfortable and accomplished middle-class family. His father, the Honourable David Hilton Coore , was a well-known politician, lawyer and statesman, who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1972-1976 under Prime Minister Michael Manley , and was a member of the committee that drafted the Jamaican Constitution. His mother, Rita Angela Innis Coore, was Trinidadian. She studied music and broadcasting at McGill University in Montreal and later at the Royal College of Music in London. She was a well-known music teacher who introduced her son Stephen to music at an early age — he was drawn to string instruments, and began cello lessons. Something of a child prodigy, he played the classical piece “The Swan” for Princess Anne at King’s House during one of her visits to Jamaica, and won a silver medal in the Jamaica Festival at age ten. At age 12, Cat fell in love with the guitar.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 33, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 6, 1956"}, {"start": 35, "end": 54, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephen “Cat” Coore"}, {"start": 101, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "fifty years"}, {"start": 210, "end": 228, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David Hilton Coore"}, {"start": 248, "end": 258, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 260, "end": 266, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 296, "end": 317, "label": "JOB", "value": "Deputy Prime Minister"}, {"start": 321, "end": 328, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 334, "end": 338, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1972"}, {"start": 339, "end": 343, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1976"}, {"start": 350, "end": 364, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 365, "end": 379, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michael Manley"}, {"start": 486, "end": 491, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 548, "end": 565, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "McGill University"}, {"start": 595, "end": 617, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Royal College of Music"}, {"start": 656, "end": 663, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 687, "end": 694, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephen"}, {"start": 858, "end": 866, "label": "JOB", "value": "Princess"}, {"start": 875, "end": 879, "label": "JOB", "value": "King"}, {"start": 916, "end": 923, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 955, "end": 962, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 979, "end": 982, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 991, "end": 993, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12"}]}
{"unique_index": 20357, "source_text": "His mother bought one for him, and he took to it so quickly that he played with the Alley Cats and then joined the popular Inner Circle Band as lead guitarist at the tender age of 13. He stayed with the group and toured the region for four years. In 1973, at 17, he got together with friends Colin Leslie and Michael “Ibo” Cooper , who also played with Inner Circle alongside singer William “Bunny” Rugs , and Third World — one of the most successful and longest-running bands ever — was born. Initially, they played locally before signing with Island Records. With his wide musical education, Coore helped create the band’s “reggae fusion” genre, which incorporated elements of soul, funk, and rock music as well as classical, when he played cello with verve and gusto . The formula resonated with music fans, both at home and abroad. Third World’s self-titled album was released in 1976 and included a cover of The Abyssinians’ Satta Massagana , one of their most-loved songs, the title of which means “Give Thanks” in Amharic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 21, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 123, "end": 135, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Inner Circle"}, {"start": 180, "end": 182, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "13"}, {"start": 235, "end": 245, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}, {"start": 250, "end": 254, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1973"}, {"start": 259, "end": 261, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17"}, {"start": 309, "end": 329, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michael “Ibo” Cooper"}, {"start": 353, "end": 365, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Inner Circle"}, {"start": 376, "end": 382, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 383, "end": 403, "label": "PERSON", "value": "William “Bunny” Rugs"}, {"start": 410, "end": 421, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Third World"}, {"start": 545, "end": 559, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Island Records"}, {"start": 594, "end": 599, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 811, "end": 815, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 836, "end": 847, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Third World"}, {"start": 884, "end": 888, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1976"}]}
{"unique_index": 20358, "source_text": "That same year, they played at the iconic “Smile Jamaica” concert in Kingston, headlined by Bob Marley and the Wailers. The title song of their second album, “96° in the Shade” (1977) was also a big hit, as was “Now That We’ve Found Love” — a peace anthem by soul group The O’Jays that the band turned into a hit in 1978. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the band reaped international success, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom. Following Marley’s death in 1981, Third World performed at Reggae Sunsplash with his widow Rita and Stevie Wonder, who wrote one of their major hits, “Try Jah Love.” Third World received numerous awards and accolades — both globally and in Jamaica — including nine Grammy nominations. Coore was also presented with the Order of Distinction of Jamaica in 2005, a distinguished national award. Over the years, he received the keys to several cities worldwide, as well as the Jamaica Reggae Industry Association (JaRia) Instrumentalist of the Year award, and lifetime achievement awards from Jamaica Jazz and Blues , Reggae Sumfest , Island Records , International Reggae And World Music Awards (IRAWMA) and more.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 56, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 92, "end": 102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bob Marley"}, {"start": 159, "end": 161, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "96"}, {"start": 178, "end": 182, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 212, "end": 215, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 316, "end": 320, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1978"}, {"start": 329, "end": 339, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1970s"}, {"start": 344, "end": 355, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 1980s"}, {"start": 414, "end": 427, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 436, "end": 450, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 462, "end": 468, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marley"}, {"start": 480, "end": 484, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1981"}, {"start": 486, "end": 497, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Third World"}, {"start": 618, "end": 629, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Third World"}, {"start": 692, "end": 699, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 712, "end": 716, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "nine"}, {"start": 737, "end": 742, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 771, "end": 791, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Order of Distinction"}, {"start": 795, "end": 802, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 806, "end": 810, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2005"}, {"start": 884, "end": 891, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 925, "end": 960, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Jamaica Reggae Industry Association"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1048, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1097, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Island Records"}]}
{"unique_index": 20359, "source_text": "On Substack , Jamaican Ricky Browne did not hold back about Coore’s genius: “The Reggae Ambassador, Cat was perhaps the most talented reggae musician that Jamaica has ever produced. A musical genius, he could play just about any instrument, and could platform Third World’s music not just as real reggae, but as worthy of being considered as classical as Beethoven. Anyone who has seen Cat play the cello as if at a classical music concert at the Royal Albert Hall before smoothly transitioning to one of Third World’s biggest hits will never forget it. And he showed that, though reggae was all about the heartbeat, it was more than that, and could stand its ground against any other type of music out there.” Author and filmmaker Barbara Blake Hannah marvelled at Coore’s cello-playing skills: Jamaica Gleaner columnist Gordon Robinson posted: One reggae fan reflected on Coore’s musical mood: Third World itself posted on Facebook: The Caribbean Community of Retired Persons (CCRP), a Kingston-based non-governmental organisation supporting and advocating for senior citizens, paid tribute to Coore, whom it had recently honoured in its annual awards ceremony: “He was so happy at our event,” commented CCRP Co-founder and Executive Chair Jean Lowrie-Chin in a WhatsApp note.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 11, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Substack"}, {"start": 60, "end": 65, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 81, "end": 98, "label": "JOB", "value": "Reggae Ambassador"}, {"start": 141, "end": 149, "label": "JOB", "value": "musician"}, {"start": 155, "end": 162, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 260, "end": 271, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Third World"}, {"start": 505, "end": 516, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Third World"}, {"start": 711, "end": 717, "label": "JOB", "value": "Author"}, {"start": 722, "end": 731, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmaker"}, {"start": 732, "end": 752, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Barbara Blake Hannah"}, {"start": 766, "end": 771, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 796, "end": 803, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 822, "end": 837, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gordon Robinson"}, {"start": 846, "end": 849, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 874, "end": 879, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 896, "end": 907, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Third World"}, {"start": 925, "end": 933, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 939, "end": 948, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 979, "end": 983, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CCRP"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1101, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 1211, "end": 1221, "label": "JOB", "value": "Co-founder"}, {"start": 1236, "end": 1241, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chair"}, {"start": 1242, "end": 1258, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jean Lowrie-Chin"}, {"start": 1264, "end": 1272, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}]}
{"unique_index": 20360, "source_text": "The CCRP also posted the citation for Coore’s award on its Facebook page, in which it recognised that Coore left “an indelible mark on Jamaica’s cultural and musical heritage worldwide,” and that his “visionary musicianship, cultural leadership, and enduring global impact” made him deserving of the award. The Ocho Rios-based reggae station Irie FM summed up the spirit of Coore and his music in an insightful message on Facebook: As a co-founder of Third World, Cat Coore expanded the language of reggae, weaving roots with jazz, soul, funk, classical discipline and global sounds, while never losing Jamaica’s heartbeat. His guitar didn’t just play rhythms; it spoke stories, unity, love and consciousness. Through decades of timeless music, he helped carry reggae from the streets of Jamaica to the world stage, proving it could be both deeply rooted and endlessly evolving. Thank you, Cat, for the soundtracks, the innovation, and the legacy. Your spirit lives on in every chord, every message, and every soul touched by the music.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 43, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 59, "end": 67, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 102, "end": 107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 135, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 311, "end": 320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ocho Rios"}, {"start": 342, "end": 349, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Irie FM"}, {"start": 374, "end": 379, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 422, "end": 430, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 437, "end": 447, "label": "JOB", "value": "co-founder"}, {"start": 451, "end": 462, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Third World"}, {"start": 468, "end": 473, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 603, "end": 610, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 788, "end": 795, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}]}
{"unique_index": 20361, "source_text": "The musical fraternity, including veteran British reggae bands Steel Pulse and UB40, shared their sadness at Coore’s passing: The Wailers added: Coore’s life in Kingston revolved around his wife and family, even as he served as the Ambassador for the Alligator Head Foundation in Port Antonio and the Goodwill Ambassador for the Issa Trust Foundation . His son Shiah has followed in his musical footsteps, as a bass player. This short conversation between Coore and Shiah, posted on Facebook in 2020, is particularly emotive on the heels of the musician’s passing. Coore’s life embodied music. His wide-ranging musical inspirations included iconic cellists like Pablo Casals and Jaqueline du Pré , not to mention Bob Marley , and guitarists such as Carlos Santana , Chuck Berry and Fats Domino . Cherished for his humour and warm personality , Coore loved to perform. Quite apart from his virtuoso guitar solos, his energy and enthusiasm infused every performance with joy. Reggae fans from Jamaica and around the world were infected with that joy; the memories of it will remain for years to come.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 109, "end": 114, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 126, "end": 137, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Wailers"}, {"start": 145, "end": 150, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 232, "end": 242, "label": "JOB", "value": "Ambassador"}, {"start": 251, "end": 276, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alligator Head Foundation"}, {"start": 280, "end": 292, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port Antonio"}, {"start": 301, "end": 320, "label": "JOB", "value": "Goodwill Ambassador"}, {"start": 329, "end": 350, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Issa Trust Foundation"}, {"start": 456, "end": 461, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 483, "end": 491, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 495, "end": 499, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 545, "end": 553, "label": "JOB", "value": "musician"}, {"start": 565, "end": 570, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 713, "end": 723, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bob Marley"}, {"start": 844, "end": 849, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Coore"}, {"start": 991, "end": 998, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}]}
{"unique_index": 20362, "source_text": "Wasting renewable energy comes at a high cost for the Dominican Republic\n\nWaste is costly. In the Dominican Republic, according to a document from the Coordinating Body of the National Interconnected Electric System (OC) that was accessed by both Climate Tracker and Global Voices, renewable energy companies lost around USD 5.17 million between January and June 2025 because the country chose to waste part of the solar energy generated. As per the same document, the state-owned electricity distribution companies Edenorte, Edesur, and Edeeste (the EDES) recorded operating cost overruns of USD 6.5 million by purchasing more expensive fossil energy when they could have purchased renewable energy. The root of these costs lies in non-compliance with the Technical Minimum Power (PMT) standard by thermoelectric plants — a rule meant to be supervised by the OC — which seeks to limit fossil energy injection to the minimum necessary, to allow greater entry of cheaper renewable energy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Wasting renewable energy comes at a high cost for the Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 98, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 242, "end": 246, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 267, "end": 280, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 325, "end": 337, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5.17 million"}, {"start": 346, "end": 367, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and June 2025"}, {"start": 597, "end": 608, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6.5 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20363, "source_text": "This non-compliance has led the Dominican Republic to adopt a practice known as “ curtailment ,” which involves limiting and interrupting renewable energy production at a generating plant, even though it may have the technical capacity to produce more at that time. This is done to avoid excess supply on the grid, which can occur due to congestion, lack of storage, or a mismatch between peak production hours (such as solar energy at midday) and peak demand (such as in the afternoon). These combined practices delay the energy transition and also represent higher costs for the country. Renewable losses, expensive energy, and the state footing the bill Since October 2024, the Procedure for the Application of Generation Limitation for Safety Reasons in the National Interconnected Electric System (SENI) has been in force. The resulting costs not only directly affect renewable generators, whose energy injection into the system is limited, but also impact the spot market and electricity distribution companies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 32, "end": 50, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 436, "end": 442, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "midday"}, {"start": 663, "end": 675, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20364, "source_text": "In an official OC report on the curtailment situation between January and June 2025, renewable energy curtailed in May reached 16,171 megawatt-hours (MWh), representing an average of 18 percent of total energy, while in January, an average of 21 percent waste was recorded. Under the argument of safety reasons and operational restrictions, SENI keeps a minimum number of thermal power plants in operation, with its data showing that curtailment has been applied during hours of maximum renewable energy production. According to the State-Owned Electric Companies Performance Report , the average energy purchase price decreased in 2025, affecting the revenues of renewable companies whose Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) contracts are linked to these reference values. Renewable sources, operating under fixed-price agreements or prices adjusted according to official indices, saw their profit margins reduced because of the drop in average prices. In contrast, many thermal plants without PPAs sell their energy on the spot market, where the marginal cost increased from 9.75 to 12.65 US cents/kWh between January and July 2025.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 62, "end": 83, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and June 2025"}, {"start": 127, "end": 133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16,171"}, {"start": 183, "end": 185, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 243, "end": 245, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21"}, {"start": 533, "end": 582, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "State-Owned Electric Companies Performance Report"}, {"start": 632, "end": 636, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 690, "end": 714, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Power Purchase Agreement"}, {"start": 716, "end": 719, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PPA"}, {"start": 962, "end": 966, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1085, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9.75 to 12.65"}, {"start": 1086, "end": 1088, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1107, "end": 1128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and July 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20365, "source_text": "This increase enabled them to improve their revenues and take advantage of a more favourable pricing environment, thereby reinforcing their competitive advantage over the renewable sector. With non-compliance with the law and thermal plants operating above permitted levels, the EDES ultimately pay more. In the Dominican Republic, the state subsidises the EDES. In 2024 alone, DOP 86,393 million (around USD 1,388 million) were budgeted in subsidies, meaning that the financial losses of these companies are also a loss of public funds. Alfonso Rodríguez, current president of the Association for the Promotion of Renewable Energies (ASOFER), said that “as a consequence, distributors end up acquiring more expensive and more polluting energy, while investors in renewable sources see their profitability reduced.” The state continues to pay for the lack of grid modernisation. Law 80-24, establishing the General State Budget for the 2025 Fiscal Year, allocated USD 75,000,000 to the Program to Support the Improvement of Electricity Distribution Networks, executed by state-owned electricity distribution companies, and USD 225,000,000 to the Program for the Improvement of Medium- and Low-Voltage Networks and Customer Regularisation for distributors.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 312, "end": 330, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 366, "end": 370, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 382, "end": 396, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "86,393 million"}, {"start": 409, "end": 422, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,388 million"}, {"start": 538, "end": 555, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alfonso Rodríguez"}, {"start": 565, "end": 574, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 879, "end": 888, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Law 80-24"}, {"start": 907, "end": 952, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "General State Budget for the 2025 Fiscal Year"}, {"start": 968, "end": 978, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75,000,000"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1138, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "225,000,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20366, "source_text": "The lack of modern networks and insufficient storage are crucial factors that cause curtailment. The comparison between losses arising from curtailment and the resources allocated in the budget shows the double negative impact of this practice. Inflexibility limits renewables and benefits the fossil regime Another situation that ends up privileging fossil fuel injection over renewables in the grid is forced dispatch, a practice that allows thermal plants to generate energy and receive compensation even when the system does not require it. However, this mechanism does not apply to renewable energy plants, creating an imbalance in the treatment of different generation sources. José Luis Moreno, engineer and professor at the Energy Institute of the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo (IEUASD), stated that “payment for forced dispatch constitutes economic remuneration for energy delivered that should not be delivered, because the plant does not compete with others on price but — due to its inflexibility — it cannot shut down quickly, so it must remain online and is therefore paid forced dispatch for technical reasons.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 684, "end": 700, "label": "PERSON", "value": "José Luis Moreno"}, {"start": 702, "end": 710, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineer"}, {"start": 715, "end": 724, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 732, "end": 748, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Energy Institute"}, {"start": 756, "end": 794, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Autonomous University of Santo Domingo"}, {"start": 796, "end": 802, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IEUASD"}]}
{"unique_index": 20367, "source_text": "Because some plants, especially large thermoelectric plants, cannot be easily shut down, they are forcibly dispatched even when their costs are high and they are not competitive. As a result, cheaper plants like renewables are limited and cannot reach their maximum generation potential. “Plants are dispatched based on how competitive they are in cost — those with cheaper fuel costs first. Then, costs increase until demand is met; when you stop being competitive, you stop dispatching energy, unless you are inflexible, in which case you are forcibly dispatched,” Moreno explained. This essentially means that you do not compete, but you cannot shut down. “Thus, another plant that should have dispatched because it was more competitive does not dispatch,” he continued. “In this case as well, renewables are curtailed.” According to the OC, compensation for forced dispatch amounted to USD 7.44 million between January and June 2024, and USD 11.33 million between January and June 2025, establishing a margin of USD 3.89 million for the state-managed distribution companies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 567, "end": 573, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Moreno"}, {"start": 894, "end": 906, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7.44 million"}, {"start": 915, "end": 936, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and June 2024"}, {"start": 946, "end": 959, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11.33 million"}, {"start": 968, "end": 989, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and June 2025"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1032, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.89 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20368, "source_text": "This exacerbates the economic deficit of the Electricity Distribution Companies (EDE), which reached an accumulated USD 936.7 million by July 2025, according to the State-Owned Electric Companies Performance Report for July 2025 . In the overall financial result, this amount was largely covered by the state, which contributed a total of USD 737.3 million. The roadmap (REmap) of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), published in November 2017, highlights the DR’s potential to increase the share of renewable energy generation to 44 percent by 2030, based mainly on solar photovoltaic energy, wind energy, and bioenergy. “To harness this potential,” the report states, “the Dominican Republic must overcome institutional, economic, and technical challenges. In the case of the electricity sector, the REmap study suggests solutions to address issues related to generation adequacy and flexibility, ensuring the development of electricity grids, which in turn helps manage the limited predictability of solar and wind energy, as well as the effects of the rapid penetration of these variable renewable energy sources.” From Moreno’s perspective, the solution is both obvious and cost-effective: “Store energy primarily to regulate frequency and enable photovoltaic plants to safely enter the system.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 120, "end": 133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "936.7 million"}, {"start": 137, "end": 146, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 165, "end": 214, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "State-Owned Electric Companies Performance Report"}, {"start": 343, "end": 356, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "737.3 million"}, {"start": 385, "end": 422, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Renewable Energy Agency"}, {"start": 424, "end": 429, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IRENA"}, {"start": 445, "end": 458, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2017"}, {"start": 546, "end": 548, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "44"}, {"start": 560, "end": 564, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 690, "end": 708, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1145, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Moreno"}]}
{"unique_index": 20369, "source_text": "Tensions high in DRC, the global cobalt capital, between artisanal miners and industrial mining companies\n\nKolwezi, a mining city in the Lualaba Province of the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), holds 70 percent of the world’s cobalt reserves . Known as the “Global Cobalt Capital,” tensions are high in this city due to the conflict between artisanal miners, also called “creuseurs” (diggers), and industrial mining companies. Today, this mining resource is of considerable importance owing to its multiple uses and distinctive features, including energy performance, heat resistance, sustainability, and magnetic properties . Cobalt is in high demand in the electric car manufacturing, aeronautics, and medical industries. In DRC, the sector is key as it currently employs more than three million people and accounts for over 90 percent of the country’s economy. Read more: Tragedy in DRC cobalt and copper mine shows human cost of energy transition On December 19, 2025, Louis Watum , Minister of Mines, signed a decree to safeguard mining companies and regulate the artisanal cobalt and copper mining industry in Kolwezi .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 105, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Tensions high in DRC, the global cobalt capital, between artisanal miners and industrial mining companies"}, {"start": 137, "end": 153, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lualaba Province"}, {"start": 174, "end": 206, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Democratic Republic of the Congo"}, {"start": 208, "end": 211, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 220, "end": 222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 278, "end": 299, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global Cobalt Capital"}, {"start": 447, "end": 452, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 747, "end": 750, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 776, "end": 785, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 804, "end": 817, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three million"}, {"start": 847, "end": 849, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 906, "end": 909, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 974, "end": 991, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 19, 2025"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1004, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Louis Watum"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1015, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}]}
{"unique_index": 20370, "source_text": "This decision to suspend artisanal miners has sparked widespread discontent, resulting in looting, vandalism , and casualties. Paragraphs one and two of Article 109 of the DR Congolese mining code recognize artisanal miners as an integral part of the entities involved in mining activities. However, according to figures that Louis Watum presented at the Makutano Forum in Kinshasa on November 25, 2025, there are 3 million artisanal miners, but a shortage of officially designated Artisanal Mining Zones. The mining industry is poorly organized, partly because the DR Congo’s authorities have sold almost all of the Grand Katanga’s (South-East of the country) mining quarries to foreign investors. Artisanal miners are often forcibly removed to benefit industrial mining companies. Some mines ultimately operate amid volatile relations. Read more: Water pollution in DRC attributed to Chinese mining company The artisanal miners’ fight for survival The lack of official Artisanal Mining Zones ( Zone d’Exploitation Artisanale or ZEA) forces artisanal miners from the Lualaba Province to trespass on mining sites to support their families.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 326, "end": 337, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Louis Watum"}, {"start": 355, "end": 369, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Makutano Forum"}, {"start": 385, "end": 402, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 25, 2025"}, {"start": 414, "end": 423, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3 million"}, {"start": 569, "end": 574, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 868, "end": 871, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1026, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zone d’Exploitation Artisanale"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1084, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lualaba Province"}]}
{"unique_index": 20371, "source_text": "This trespassing causes extensive damage , often resulting in fatal conflicts . Official industrial mining company workers frequently report the killing and serious injury of mining operators and those transporting mining products to the factories. Machine operator Junior Biane explained the situation, telling Global Voices: Nous sommes toujours attaqués dans les mines par les creuseurs artisanaux de Musonoie. Hier par exemple, nous avons été tabassés par les creuseurs et un collègue est touché à l'œil gauche. Artisanal miners from Musonoie frequently attack us in the mines. For example, yesterday, they beat us up, hitting a workmate in the left eye. The mining companies accuse the DR Congo government of failing to take responsibility for protecting their investments from illegal mining activities. Industrial companies demand government protection Kamoto Copper Company (KCC), owned by Anglo-Swiss multinational Glencore , reports instances of artisanal miners trespassing due to a lack of ZEA. Currently, the T17, KOV, and Mashamba mines in the Lualaba Province, where this giant extracts copper, often experience truck robberies and attacks on their workers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 266, "end": 278, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Junior Biane"}, {"start": 312, "end": 325, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 595, "end": 604, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "yesterday"}, {"start": 694, "end": 699, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 860, "end": 881, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kamoto Copper Company"}, {"start": 883, "end": 886, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "KCC"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1016, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}, {"start": 1058, "end": 1074, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lualaba Province"}]}
{"unique_index": 20372, "source_text": "The Chinese company COMMUS has experienced a similar situation. Read more: Water pollution in DRC attributed to Chinese mining company On December 3, 2025 , KCC workers marched to the Provincial Government of Lualaba to denounce this trespassing and acts of violence. Although the mining industry is the pillar of the DR Congo’s economy, the authorities have not implemented a definitive solution. It is the GDP driver and is the primary source of public revenue, accounting for over 30 percent of the national budget . The government must, therefore, address the mining companies’ concerns. Despite its wealth in mineral resources, poverty affects more than half of the DRC population. According to a World Bank report published in October 2025, 85.3 percent of the DRC population lives in extreme poverty. The unemployment rate is estimated at 84 percent , while the average annual per capita income is USD 1,600, or USD 134 per month. The government’s current policy offers no sustainable solutions, neither for artisanal miners nor for industrial mining companies. Read our special coverage: DRC: Poor despite its wealth", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "COMMUS"}, {"start": 94, "end": 97, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 138, "end": 154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 3, 2025"}, {"start": 184, "end": 216, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Provincial Government of Lualaba"}, {"start": 321, "end": 326, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 412, "end": 418, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 484, "end": 486, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 659, "end": 663, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 671, "end": 674, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 702, "end": 712, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 733, "end": 745, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 747, "end": 751, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "85.3"}, {"start": 767, "end": 770, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 846, "end": 848, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "84"}, {"start": 909, "end": 914, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,600"}, {"start": 923, "end": 926, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "134"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1099, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}]}
{"unique_index": 20373, "source_text": "Morocco, AFCON, and the controversies that trailed Africa’s biggest football event\n\nWhen Senegal clinched the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) title with a 1-0 victory over hosts Morocco on January 18, 2026, the celebration was overshadowed by discussions about the tournament’s conduct and fairness. The final, played at the Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium in Rabat , unfolded amid intense tension. A Video Assistant Referee -reviewed penalty awarded to Morocco late in the 98th minute of stoppage time triggered an immediate protest from the Senegalese players, who walked off the pitch. In the moments following the walkout, reports indicated that confrontations broke out between Senegalese supporters and stadium officials. When the match eventually resumed, Morocco’s Brahim Díaz attempted a “ Panenka ” — a softly chipped shot aimed down the centre of the goal, but the effort was unsuccessful, with the ball comfortably finding its way into the hands of Senegal’s goalkeeper Édouard Mendy . The match proceeded into extra time, where Senegal midfielder Pape Gueye scored the decisive goal, securing Senegal’s victory and the AFCON title.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Morocco, AFCON, and the controversies that trailed Africa’s biggest football event"}, {"start": 89, "end": 96, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 110, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 115, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 158, "end": 161, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1-0"}, {"start": 181, "end": 188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 192, "end": 208, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 18, 2026"}, {"start": 328, "end": 334, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prince"}, {"start": 456, "end": 463, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 765, "end": 772, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 963, "end": 970, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1050, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 1108, "end": 1115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20374, "source_text": "Tensions continued into the final’s post-match press conference. Videos circulating online showed several Moroccan journalists walking out of the room as Senegal’s head coach, Pape Bouna Thiaw , entered the venue holding the hand of his daughter: The walkout drew criticism from other foreign journalists present at the tournament, as well as from the International Sports Press Association (AIPS), which described the incident as inconsistent with professional standards of sports journalism: African football and the politics of hosting African football has rarely existed in isolation from the continent’s political geography. Rivalries are often shaped by history, diplomacy, and unresolved political and regional tensions, and major tournaments regularly reopen discussions about fairness and the responsibilities that come with hosting. In recent years, this scrutiny has increasingly centred on Morocco. The country’s frequent hosting of major African football events, including AFCON qualifiers, the Women’s Africa Cup of Nations (WAFCON) , the African Nations Championship (CHAN) , and several Confederation of African Football (CAF) club competitions, has coincided with heightened attention from players, officials, and the African football community.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 98, "end": 105, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 115, "end": 126, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 154, "end": 161, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 169, "end": 174, "label": "JOB", "value": "coach"}, {"start": 293, "end": 304, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 352, "end": 390, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Sports Press Association"}, {"start": 392, "end": 396, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIPS"}, {"start": 902, "end": 909, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1022, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1103, "end": 1136, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Confederation of African Football"}, {"start": 1138, "end": 1141, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CAF"}]}
{"unique_index": 20375, "source_text": "The concentration of tournaments in one host nation has also drawn public comment from prominent figures in the game. Nigerian football star and six-time African Women’s Footballer of the Year, Asisat Oshoala . In a post on X (formerly Twitter), wrote: Across multiple tournaments, visiting teams and fans have raised similar concerns , including allegations of crowd hostility and security concerns when fixtures are held on Moroccan soil. One such example dates back to the CAF Champions League final between Al Ahly and Wydad Casablanca , played in Morocco. In widely circulated footage following Al Ahly’s 2–0 defeat, then head coach Pitso Mosimane spoke to journalists about what he characterized as an intimidating atmosphere and officiating decisions he believed influenced the match. The clip continues to circulate online and is often referenced in broader discussions about hosting conditions at Moroccan venues. Sporting frustrations in the 2025 AFCON event During the recently concluded AFCON tournament, similar issues resurfaced. Morocco was accused by opposing teams and observers of benefiting from contentious officiating decisions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 39, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 154, "end": 192, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "African Women’s Footballer of the Year"}, {"start": 224, "end": 225, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 236, "end": 243, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 441, "end": 444, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 476, "end": 496, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CAF Champions League"}, {"start": 552, "end": 559, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 610, "end": 613, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2–0"}, {"start": 632, "end": 637, "label": "JOB", "value": "coach"}, {"start": 638, "end": 652, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pitso Mosimane"}, {"start": 662, "end": 673, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 952, "end": 956, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1044, "end": 1051, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}]}
{"unique_index": 20376, "source_text": "According to reports, Senegalese officials filed formal complaints earlier in the week regarding crowd safety and their treatment upon arrival in Morocco. Other controversies, including an incident where Moroccan ball boys removed the opposing goalkeepers’ towels, were captured in several videos and shared widely on social media, and created chaos after the match that spilled beyond the field: Refereeing decisions throughout AFCON 2025 also drew criticism from teams and analysts. Several key matches featured contentious decisions and late VAR interventions, intensified frustrations among players and coaches. In one tournament match involving Cameroon, Samuel Eto’o , president of the Cameroon Football Federation, was sanctioned by CAF with a fine and a ban for his alleged conduct toward match officials following what he viewed as unfavourable decisions. This isn’t the first time football tensions have escalated beyond the field. In 2019, the CAF Champions League final between Esperance of Tunisia and Wydad Casablanca descended into chaos , leaving players stranded when the VAR technology, which was mandated for the final, was suddenly unavailable.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 146, "end": 153, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 282, "end": 289, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 435, "end": 439, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 475, "end": 483, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 485, "end": 492, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 619, "end": 622, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 650, "end": 658, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 660, "end": 672, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Samuel Eto’o"}, {"start": 675, "end": 684, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 692, "end": 720, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Cameroon Football Federation"}, {"start": 945, "end": 949, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 955, "end": 975, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CAF Champions League"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1010, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tunisia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20377, "source_text": "CAF’s indecisiveness and reversal of its own decisions ultimately exposed its fragility. In 2014, Global Voices published an analysis of hostile host tactics in African football using the Libya versus Nigeria AFCON qualifying match scandal , which revealed how logistics and even basic hospitality were turned into weapons. Morocco and the question of belonging For decades, Morocco has maintained an uneasy relationship with the rest of Africa. In 1984, it withdrew from the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union (AU), after the body recognised the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic . In 1987, Morocco applied to become a Member of the European Union but was rejected on the grounds that it was not a European State. When Morocco rejoined the African Union in 2017, it did so strategically, with football becoming a major part of its re-entry strategy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 92, "end": 96, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 98, "end": 111, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 188, "end": 193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 201, "end": 208, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 324, "end": 331, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 375, "end": 382, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 438, "end": 444, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 449, "end": 453, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1984"}, {"start": 476, "end": 505, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Organisation of African Unity"}, {"start": 507, "end": 510, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OAU"}, {"start": 513, "end": 516, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 521, "end": 534, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Union"}, {"start": 536, "end": 538, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AU"}, {"start": 609, "end": 613, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1987"}, {"start": 615, "end": 622, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 657, "end": 671, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 722, "end": 736, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "European State"}, {"start": 743, "end": 750, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 764, "end": 777, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Union"}, {"start": 781, "end": 785, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}]}
{"unique_index": 20378, "source_text": "It has since hosted the African Nations Championship (CHAN) in 2018 , the 2023 U-23 Africa Cup of Nations , the U-17 Africa Cup of Nations in 2025 , the 2024 Women’s Africa Cup of Nations (WAFCON) , and the 2025 AFCON tournament . While Morocco’s hosting of major tournaments has expanded its continental visibility and influence, often described by analysts as a form of soft-power projection, reactions during the tournament suggested a more fractured reception among sections of the African football public. On social media, some users questioned Morocco’s relationship with the rest of the continent: CAF’s complicity and the cost of silence CAF’s greatest failure is not that these incidents occur, but that they are rarely meaningfully confronted . Host nations are awarded repeated tournaments without rigorous post-event accountability . Crowd behavior is condemned in statements and forgotten in practice. Smaller federations are expected to “move on” for the sake of unity, while patterns repeat themselves with new victims.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 67, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 74, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 84, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 117, "end": 123, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 142, "end": 146, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 153, "end": 157, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 166, "end": 172, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 207, "end": 211, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 237, "end": 244, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 350, "end": 358, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 550, "end": 557, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}]}
{"unique_index": 20379, "source_text": "According to an X user , @mthulisi24 When racist abuse, intimidation, and mob behaviour are excused, it’s just a mirror of a system stuck in feudal thinking. Power without accountability, intimidation over fairness. This isn’t ‘passion,’ it’s medieval conduct wearing a modern jersey, enabled by CAF . Another user, @ MASKURAID , added: Fantastic facilities should not excuse abominable behaviour. @CAF_Online needs to show that the welfare of participating Nations matters and not allow host countries to seek undue advantage by using underhanded methods to ‘win.’ Football should unite us. This is not how. Senegal’s victory marked a significant achievement in the country’s football history and lifted it in FIFA’s world rankings to 12th, while Morocco also reached its highest ranking despite narrowly missing the title. The highest ranking achieved by an African team was Nigeria's fifth in April 1994. Even though Morocco has been praised for the organisation of the tournament due to its modern stadium facilities and its logistical capacities, the tournament’s legacy will likely be shaped as much by the controversies that trailed it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 17, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 318, "end": 327, "label": "PERSON", "value": "MASKURAID"}, {"start": 609, "end": 616, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 711, "end": 715, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA"}, {"start": 748, "end": 755, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 877, "end": 884, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 896, "end": 906, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 1994"}, {"start": 920, "end": 927, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}]}
{"unique_index": 20380, "source_text": "Venezuela inflates release figures as political prisoners remain in limbo\n\nDuring the first days of Venezuela’s interim government under Delcy Rodríguez, officials announced the release of what they called a “significant number of political prisoners,” framing the move as a gesture of de-escalation and reconciliation . A week after the announcement, Jorge Rodríguez, president of the National Assembly and Delcy Rodríguez’s brother, claimed that more than 400 detainees had been freed in a “mass release” following the political transition. Independent verification, however, tells a very different story. Human rights organizations such as Foro Penal have been able to confirm only around 154 releases , a fraction of the official figure of an estimated 800 to 1,000 political prisoners believed to remain detained. Authorities have not published a verified list of those released, nor explained the legal criteria governing the process. Government officials have also continued to challenge the very notion of “political prisoners,” portraying detainees as common criminals — an assertion that contradicts years of documentation by Venezuelan and international human rights bodies. This week, Foro Penal itself became a target of criticism in the National Assembly (the legislative body).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 73, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Venezuela inflates release figures as political prisoners remain in limbo"}, {"start": 100, "end": 109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 137, "end": 152, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Delcy Rodríguez"}, {"start": 352, "end": 367, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jorge Rodríguez"}, {"start": 369, "end": 378, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 386, "end": 403, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 408, "end": 423, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Delcy Rodríguez"}, {"start": 458, "end": 461, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400"}, {"start": 643, "end": 653, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foro Penal"}, {"start": 692, "end": 695, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "154"}, {"start": 757, "end": 769, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "800 to 1,000"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1195, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This week"}, {"start": 1197, "end": 1207, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foro Penal"}, {"start": 1251, "end": 1268, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}]}
{"unique_index": 20381, "source_text": "Founded in 2002, the organisation has spent more than two decades documenting politically motivated detentions and working with families, lawyers, and international institutions, including the UN and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. According to Foro Penal, 863 people were detained for political reasons before the release announcement, including 86 cases of enforced disappearance. Since 2014, it has documented more than 18,000 politically motivated detentions, far exceeding historical precedents in the country. Families waiting, without answers Across Venezuela, families have gathered outside detention centers , waiting for names to be called, without any official confirmation that releases will take place. In Caracas, relatives have camped for days outside facilities such as El Helicoide, Rodeo 1, and Zona 7, relying on rumors and informal messages to locate loved ones. Authorities have provided no schedules, lists, nor explanations. Many families have turned to social media to make their cases visible. One such space is the Instagram account @madresendefensadelaverdad2024 , where mothers, sisters, and daughters document detentions and demand accountability. Among those featured is Kennedy Tejeda, a lawyer known for defending political detainees in the state of Carabobo. He was detained while seeking information about people arrested during protests following the 2024 election.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2002"}, {"start": 54, "end": 65, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades"}, {"start": 138, "end": 145, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 193, "end": 195, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 204, "end": 229, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Inter-American Commission"}, {"start": 260, "end": 270, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foro Penal"}, {"start": 272, "end": 275, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "863"}, {"start": 362, "end": 364, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "86"}, {"start": 404, "end": 408, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 438, "end": 444, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18,000"}, {"start": 572, "end": 581, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 734, "end": 741, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 821, "end": 822, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 833, "end": 834, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7"}, {"start": 963, "end": 967, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1037, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 1056, "end": 1065, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 1216, "end": 1230, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kennedy Tejeda"}, {"start": 1234, "end": 1240, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 1297, "end": 1305, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Carabobo"}, {"start": 1401, "end": 1405, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20382, "source_text": "Another case is of Juan Diego Lucena, a mobile phone technician, a volunteer at a nursing home, and a volunteer firefighter. He was detained while working at his phone repair business. According to his family, his health has deteriorated in detention: “Lately, he’s been sick — tachycardia, high blood pressure, panic attacks. He’s not a terrorist. He’s a volunteer who has always wanted to help those around him.” The account also highlights José Manuel Salas, described by his mother as a bohemian, a dreamer, and a loving young man. A student at the time of his detention, Salas was reportedly attacked by unidentified security forces and taken to a detention center while unconscious. These testimonies illustrate the human cost behind the numbers, as families continue to seek answers, justice, and the release of those they say are being held for political reasons. A fragile and uncertain process So far, 154 releases have been independently confirmed by Foro Penal — roughly 14 percent of the organization’s estimated total of 1,100 political prisoners. Those freed include several high-profile figures, including human rights activist Rocío San Miguel , journalist Biaggio Pillieri, and politician Enrique Márquez . Most were released under restrictive conditions that limit public speech, and several left the country immediately out of fear of re-detention.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 443, "end": 460, "label": "PERSON", "value": "José Manuel Salas"}, {"start": 576, "end": 581, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Salas"}, {"start": 912, "end": 915, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "154"}, {"start": 962, "end": 972, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foro Penal"}, {"start": 983, "end": 985, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1040, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,100"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1089, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1143, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activist"}, {"start": 1144, "end": 1160, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rocío San Miguel"}, {"start": 1163, "end": 1173, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1174, "end": 1190, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Biaggio Pillieri"}, {"start": 1196, "end": 1206, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 1207, "end": 1222, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Enrique Márquez"}, {"start": 1303, "end": 1310, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 20383, "source_text": "Concerns deepened when, 62 hours after the release announcement, the family of Edison Torres, a police officer detained for allegedly sharing critical messages, confirmed that he had died in state custody. Authorities offered no explanation or cause of death. Political detention in Venezuela now extends well beyond the context of protest. Following the 2024 presidential election, security forces carried out widespread home raids under Operación Tun Tun (Operation Knock Knock), often without warrants and targeting perceived critics. Some detainees were publicly exposed on state television before being transferred to intelligence facilities. Inside detention centers, former prisoners and monitors report medical neglect, abuse, and torture, with places like El Helicoide becoming symbols of repression and institutional decay. Human rights groups warn against interpreting the recent releases as a structural change. Previous cycles have followed a “revolving door” pattern, with detainees released only to be re-arrested months later. Without judicial reform, transparency, and guarantees of due process, releases remain fragile. For now, the gap between official discourse and lived reality persists. While the government speaks of reconciliation, hundreds of families continue to wait outside prisons — uncertain whether their loved ones are alive, when they might be freed, or whether freedom will truly mean safety.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 24, "end": 38, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "62 hours after"}, {"start": 79, "end": 92, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Edison Torres"}, {"start": 96, "end": 110, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officer"}, {"start": 283, "end": 292, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 293, "end": 296, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 355, "end": 359, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1142, "end": 1145, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1257, "end": 1265, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}]}
{"unique_index": 20384, "source_text": "Harassment and security threats forced the cancellation of a Pride-themed community event in Malaysia\n\nA two-day wellness program intended for LGBTQ+ people in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia, was cancelled after participants and organizers received threats and harassment instigated by authorities who called for an investigation against those who normalize what they called “deviant sexual behavior.” The “Glamping with Pride” event was supposed to take place on January 17 and 18th organized by JEJAKA , a support group that promotes the health and rights of gay, bisexual, and queer men in Malaysia. Around 50 participants were expected to join the program aimed at improving health literacy and countering the stigma against HIV. But the online promotion of the event triggered protests from conservative segments of the population. At least five police reports were filed for allegedly violating cyber laws, particularly section 504 of the Penal Code for intentional insult with intent to provoke a breach of the peace and section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act for improper use of network facilities. Malaysia has a predominantly Muslim population.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 101, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Harassment and security threats forced the cancellation of a Pride-themed community event in Malaysia"}, {"start": 173, "end": 181, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Selangor"}, {"start": 183, "end": 191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 230, "end": 240, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 465, "end": 475, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 17"}, {"start": 594, "end": 602, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 611, "end": 613, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 847, "end": 851, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1081, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Communications and Multimedia Act"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20385, "source_text": "In recent years, Muslim hardliners have pressed for stricter enforcement of Islamic teachings in governance. Local and religious authorities doubled down by issuing statements against the event. The Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (Jakim) said “stern action” is needed against activities that “threaten public peace.” Jakim would like to stress that any effort to normalise deviant sexual behaviour clearly contravenes Islamic principles and teachings and also goes against the nation’s moral values and legal framework. The authorities will not compromise with the organising of any event that is found to contravene Islamic teachings, legal provisions, and threatens public peace. Stern action will be taken under the law. Some community leaders have warned that holding the event could be an attempt to turn the glamping site “into a testing ground for deviant ideologies.” JEJAKA insisted that its activity posed no threat to the community. We reiterate that Glamping with Pride was a private, community-based health and well-being programme that included educational activities to improve health literacy and reduce stigma around issues such as HIV. Camping and recreational activities take place across the country every day.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 199, "end": 241, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department of Islamic Development Malaysia"}, {"start": 741, "end": 758, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leaders"}, {"start": 1232, "end": 1241, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}]}
{"unique_index": 20386, "source_text": "LGBTQ+ people are no different in their desire to learn, gather and exist safely. It announced the cancellation of the event after being targeted with hurtful comments and online threats. This program was not cancelled because it was unlawful or otherwise, but because an environment was created in which reckless rhetoric, misinformation and fear-mongering made it unsafe for people to gather. When words are used irresponsibly, they carry consequences, and in this case, those consequences placed lives at risk. Zaid Ibrahim, a lawyer and former minister in the Prime Minister's Department for Legal Affairs and Judicial Reform, expressed concern over the actions taken by local authorities. I am concerned with the wide-ranging ban on LGBT-related activities ordered by His Highness the Sultan of Selangor, such as the Glamping Pride Malaysians surely have accepted that some of their top leaders are gay or have a mixture of sexual preferences. There are plenty of reports about their lifestyles, and society seems tolerant of them. Some even idolised them The question then is: are we more tolerant of such activities when indulged in by the elites, and come down hard on everyday people?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 514, "end": 526, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zaid Ibrahim"}, {"start": 530, "end": 536, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 548, "end": 556, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 564, "end": 629, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Prime Minister's Department for Legal Affairs and Judicial Reform"}]}
{"unique_index": 20387, "source_text": "This is not the first time that authorities have initiated a probe against LGBTQ+ activities. In recent months, authorities also raided facilities for being allegedly “ gay-friendly .” Several civil society groups signed a statement reminding the public that having a different sexual orientation is normal. We reiterate that the existence of different sexual orientations, gender identities, gender expressions, and sex characteristics is a normal part of human diversity. We call the Federal and state agencies to end all vilification, demonisation, misinformation, and portrayal of LGBTQ people as threat to society, morality, culture and religion. Nalini Elumalai, ARTICLE 19’s senior Malaysia programme officer, urged authorities to end the state-sponsored intimidation targeting members of the LGBTQ+ community. These series of events signal a dangerous and systemic trend of state-sponsored intimidation, as well as the perpetuation of ‘hate speech’ against LGBTQI+ people without accountability. We must be clear that targeting minorities does not make Malaysia safer; it only emboldens prejudice, normalises discrimination, and forces a peaceful community further underground, while exacerbating an already restrictive climate of self-censorship.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 185, "end": 192, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 689, "end": 697, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 708, "end": 715, "label": "JOB", "value": "officer"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1069, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20388, "source_text": "Viral app ‘Are You Dead Yet?’ unveils the anxiety and pain of single Chinese youths\n\nA newly developed Chinese App “Are You Dead Yet?” (死了麼?), designed for solitary-living people to check in regularly and auto-notify their emergency contacts, unexpectedly topped China’s Apple App Store in January 2026. Given the bluntness of the Chinese expression and the fact that the majority of downloaders are young people rather than the elderly, current affairs analysts have pointed out that the phenomenon reflects the anxiety of the rapidly growing number of “ empty-nest ” youths (空巢青年, kōng cháo qīng nián), a term for single young people who live alone. They are a key demographic in the development of what experts are calling the “ lonely economy .” The creativity of the App comes from its naming rather than its technology. Reportedly, it only took the three-person tech team less than a month to design and write the program, as the function of the App is simple: the users have to submit at least one emergency contact, set a check-in alarm and check-in regularly; once they miss two consecutive check-ins, the app automatically alerts their emergency contacts, suggesting they reach out to them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Viral app ‘Are You Dead Yet?’ unveils the anxiety and pain of single Chinese youths"}, {"start": 116, "end": 132, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Are You Dead Yet"}, {"start": 263, "end": 268, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 271, "end": 276, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 290, "end": 302, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 454, "end": 462, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1004, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1084, "end": 1087, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20389, "source_text": "Like other similar products in the market, the app was released for six months with few downloads until its eye-catching name caught social media users’ attention and became a hot topic in early January. It entered the top ten most downloaded Apps on the Chinese Apple App Store on January 10. Death is still considered a taboo in daily conversation among Chinese people, especially among the older generation. However, for the younger generation, instead of asking “Are you ok?” friends can greet each other with “Are you dead?” especially when times are challenging. Within days, the developers said that the massive number of newly registered users had pushed the App’s value to RMB 100 million (approximately USD 14.5 million), while the development cost was about RMB 1,000 (USD 145). Users have to pay RMB 8 (USD 1.2) for the download. Despite its popularity, on January 13, the official name of the App changed to “Demumu” to sound less negative, a move that could help prevent a takedown notice from cyber administration authorities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 68, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}, {"start": 84, "end": 87, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 223, "end": 226, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 263, "end": 268, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 282, "end": 292, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 10"}, {"start": 331, "end": 336, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 586, "end": 596, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 686, "end": 697, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100 million"}, {"start": 717, "end": 729, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14.5 million"}, {"start": 773, "end": 778, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 784, "end": 787, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "145"}, {"start": 812, "end": 813, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8"}, {"start": 819, "end": 822, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.2"}, {"start": 869, "end": 879, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 13"}, {"start": 922, "end": 928, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Demumu"}]}
{"unique_index": 20390, "source_text": "Empty-nest youths Aside from the name, unlike other security apps designed to help elderly people living alone connect to emergency medical services, “Are You Dead Yet?” targets the younger generation. Reportedly, in 2021, there were 125 million solitary-living households in China, representing one-fourth of the 494 million total households. It was estimated that the total number of solitary living young singles was up to 92 million, far greater than the population of solitary-living elderly. The growing number of youth living alone has led to the emergence and spread of the online term “Empty-nest youth” (空巢青年) on social media in recent years. As a result of the rural-urban divide in economic and social development, many young people have to relocate to first- or second-tier cities for education or employment, far from their hometowns. Most of them have to live alone in small apartments and endure high-pressure study or workloads, without family companionship or social support. Chinese society expects young people to build their own nest and family; however, many young people’s “nests” remain empty without a spouse and offspring.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 151, "end": 167, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Are You Dead Yet"}, {"start": 217, "end": 221, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 234, "end": 245, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "125 million"}, {"start": 276, "end": 281, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 314, "end": 325, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "494 million"}, {"start": 426, "end": 436, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "92 million"}, {"start": 727, "end": 731, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1080, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20391, "source_text": "The number of registered marriages in 2024 fell 20 percent to a record low of 6.1 million. Although there was an 8.5 percent rebound in 2025 due to a series of pro-family policies, the downward trend is unlikely to reverse. The latest Chinese government statistic shows that the country’s birth rate in 2025 fell to 5.63 per 1,000 people, a record low since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, while its death rate rose to 8.04 per 1,000 people, which surpasses the death rate during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Loneliness economy There are many reasons why young people are refraining from building a traditional family; it is a global phenomenon. When commenting on the App, a Chinese psychiatrist , Shi Yuxin, explained on Weibo that the young generation’s longing for autonomy has reached an unprecedented level, and that marriage implied compromise, responsibility, and the suppression of an individual’s choice and freedom. Solitary living allows individuals to control their lifestyles, how they spend money, time, and energy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 42, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 48, "end": 50, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 78, "end": 89, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6.1 million"}, {"start": 113, "end": 116, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8.5"}, {"start": 136, "end": 140, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 303, "end": 307, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 316, "end": 320, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5.63"}, {"start": 325, "end": 330, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 404, "end": 409, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 440, "end": 444, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8.04"}, {"start": 449, "end": 454, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 562, "end": 566, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 708, "end": 720, "label": "JOB", "value": "psychiatrist"}, {"start": 723, "end": 732, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shi Yuxin"}]}
{"unique_index": 20392, "source_text": "Moreover, particular to China, the culture of single-child families and the post-COVID-19 pessimism triggered by the pandemic lockdown and the economic downturn, deters the young generation from settling down. The Chinese psychiatrist said : 高压生活让人们害怕亲密关系中的冲突、内耗与承诺压力，选择独处成了规避情感风险的“安全策略”。 High-pressure lifestyles make people apprehensive about conflicts, emotional drain, and commitment pressures within intimate relationships, leading many to choose solitude as a ‘safe strategy’ to avoid emotional risks. At the same time, empty-nest youths still need companionship, care, and social support. A 2022 study found that among young women who lived alone, 42.9 percent felt insecure at night because they felt the security in residential areas was inadequate. Meanwhile, 17.8 percent of solitary living youths found themselves lacking support when they had accidents or were sick. A Chinese blogger, Wen Xiujia, also pointed out that “Are You Dead Yet?” appealed to the psychology of the insecure youths, who don’t want to disturb others but wish that someone would pay attention to them when they are in need.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 24, "end": 29, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 222, "end": 234, "label": "JOB", "value": "psychiatrist"}, {"start": 598, "end": 602, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 655, "end": 659, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "42.9"}, {"start": 770, "end": 774, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17.8"}, {"start": 890, "end": 897, "label": "JOB", "value": "blogger"}, {"start": 899, "end": 909, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Wen Xiujia"}, {"start": 934, "end": 950, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Are You Dead Yet"}]}
{"unique_index": 20393, "source_text": "He claims that conventional Chinese families do not cater to such emotional needs: “死了么”的每日签到机制，恰好提供了一种“低打扰式安全保障”：无需频繁联系，不必刻意寒暄，仅用一个简单操作，就为独居生活加上一道数字保险。这种“不麻烦别人，也能被看见”的设计，精准击中了现代青年的社交痛点，也让8元定价成为一种“买个心安”的情感消费。 The daily check-in feature of ‘Are You Dead Yet?’ offers a form of ‘low-interruption safety assurance’: there is no frequent contact or polite, ritualistic greeting, just a simple click to add a layer of digital security to solo living. This design, which allows users to ‘be seen without bothering others,’ precisely addresses the pain spots of contemporary young people in their social life. The RMB 8 price tag serves as an emotional consumption for the ‘peace of mind.’ Such anxieties and needs of the solitary living population have driven the expansion of the “ loneliness economy , ” including pet businesses, escort services, online counselling, serviced apartments, and more. According to local media reports, the loneliness economy sector contributed RMB 7.92 trillion (USD 1.13 trillion) to the country’s GDP in 2025. However, as some critics have pointed out , this kind of “loneliness” is a form of alienation caused by policies that shrink public spaces, long working hours, and a media technology that creates a superficial sense of sociality that connects people to consumption and ideological tribes rather than substantial in-person connections.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 213, "end": 218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 240, "end": 256, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Are You Dead Yet"}, {"start": 611, "end": 612, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8"}, {"start": 974, "end": 987, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7.92 trillion"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1006, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.13 trillion"}, {"start": 1032, "end": 1036, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20394, "source_text": "China is notorious for its 996 work system : 9 am to 9 pm, 6 days a week, and it is customary for employers to use messaging apps to assign work tasks during non-working hours and holidays. A video blogger on Weibo, Pi Xiu’s Perspective, urged his audience not to take the App as a dark joke, but to see its users as real people: 你以为下载的人都是猎奇？其实他们的心态复杂到离谱👇 有人用荒诞对抗焦虑，加班到深夜打开APP，看到“熬夜可能活不过60”的预警，吓得立刻预约体检🏥 有人在写十年后给家人的留言时，边写边哭，突然反思自己是不是太忙了，忙到忘了好好生活❤️ 还有人更扎心，连紧急联系人都不知道填谁，下载只是为了求个“至少有人知晓”的心理慰藉😔 Do you think people download the App out of curiosity? In reality, their mindsets are very complicated: Some combat anxiety with absurdity — working late into the night, they open the APP and see a warning, ‘Staying up late may shorten your life to less than 60.’ Terrified, they immediately book a medical checkup.🏥 Others weep while writing letters to their families ten years from now, as they start reflecting: Have I so busy that I have forgotten about living a good life? ❤️ Others face a deeper pain — having difficulties to name an emergency contact, they download the APP merely for the psychological comfort of knowing ‘at least someone will know.’ 😔", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 27, "end": 30, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "996"}, {"start": 45, "end": 49, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9 am"}, {"start": 53, "end": 57, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9 pm"}, {"start": 59, "end": 65, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6 days"}, {"start": 198, "end": 205, "label": "JOB", "value": "blogger"}, {"start": 216, "end": 236, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pi Xiu’s Perspective"}, {"start": 750, "end": 752, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 860, "end": 869, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten years"}, {"start": 875, "end": 878, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20401, "source_text": "How the series ‘The Eternaut’ revived searches for the disappeared in Argentina\n\nBreaking the term “eternauta” down into “eter,” evoking eternity or a transcendence of death, and “nauta,” a traveler or navigator, you get “eternal traveler.” In the 1957 Argentine comic strip “ El Eternauta ,” by writer Héctor Germán Oesterheld , the eponymous traveler is Juan Salvo, a character who, far from being a traditional superhero, experiences an unfathomable tragedy. Nearly 70 years after its publication, the tale has been turned into a Netflix series starring Ricardo Darín — one of Argentina's most celebrated actors — as the protagonist. The adaptation incorporates new themes while also respecting the original’s plot structure. Meanwhile, the masks its characters use for their survival appeared in protests against the government of Javier Milei in 2025. Story aside, Oesterheld’s personal history and that of his family have also been gaining attention. The author, his four daughters and two sons-in-law disappeared at the hands of the civil-military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983) , and two of the Oesterheld daughters were pregnant at the time of their abduction.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 79, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How the series ‘The Eternaut’ revived searches for the disappeared in Argentina"}, {"start": 248, "end": 252, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1957"}, {"start": 296, "end": 302, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 303, "end": 327, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Héctor Germán Oesterheld"}, {"start": 356, "end": 366, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Juan Salvo"}, {"start": 469, "end": 483, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "70 years after"}, {"start": 580, "end": 589, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 851, "end": 855, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 870, "end": 880, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}, {"start": 961, "end": 967, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 973, "end": 977, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 992, "end": 995, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1080, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1086, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1976"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1091, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1983"}, {"start": 1110, "end": 1120, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}]}
{"unique_index": 20402, "source_text": "The series sent shockwaves that reignited searches for identity. With hundreds of babies and children having been kidnapped from their families, and fates of all kinds awaiting the victims — some were adopted by military personnel, some by civilians — they grew up not knowing their true origins. Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo), a nonprofit organization founded in 1977, searches for those babies and children taken by the dictatorship. The organization takes identity inquiries and reports of possible abductions, but people also contact them if they are having doubts about their own background. During the period between the release of the series and May 2025, the number of people seeking to learn about their identity increased sixfold , and those contributing information about possible grandchildren being sought tripled . In the wake of the series’s success, relatives have organized and taken action by posting flyers on top of publicity posters for the production featuring photographs of Oesterheld and his four daughters, who are still missing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 308, "end": 321, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Plaza de Mayo"}, {"start": 343, "end": 356, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Plaza de Mayo"}, {"start": 395, "end": 399, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 684, "end": 692, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1039, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1052, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}]}
{"unique_index": 20403, "source_text": "H.I.J.O.S. , an organization made up of children of the victims, shared the following post on social media: Are you watching The Eternaut? If so, and you were born in November 1976, or between November 1977 and January 1978, and you have doubts about your identity or that of someone born at those times, contact @abuelasdifusion Photo by Kaloian Santos — H.I.J.O.S. Capital (@hijos_capital) May 3, 2025 Where is Oesterheld? “ Where is Oesterheld ?” This question went viral and transformed into a slogan after the series debuted. The whereabouts of Oesterheld , his daughters, his sons-in-law and the grandchildren his daughters were pregnant with are still unknown nearly 42 years after the end of the dictatorship in Argentina, the same fate faced by thousands of people in the country. Estimates of the number of disappeared people range up to 30,000 , according to human rights organizations. And the Parque de la Memoria victims registry has only collected information on 8,948 victims so far.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "H.I.J.O.S."}, {"start": 125, "end": 137, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Eternaut"}, {"start": 167, "end": 180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 1976"}, {"start": 193, "end": 206, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 1977"}, {"start": 211, "end": 223, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 1978"}, {"start": 356, "end": 366, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "H.I.J.O.S."}, {"start": 392, "end": 403, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 3, 2025"}, {"start": 413, "end": 423, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}, {"start": 436, "end": 446, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}, {"start": 550, "end": 560, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}, {"start": 674, "end": 688, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "42 years after"}, {"start": 720, "end": 729, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 754, "end": 763, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 848, "end": 854, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30,000"}, {"start": 978, "end": 983, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8,948"}]}
{"unique_index": 20404, "source_text": "As in other countries in the Southern Cone that had dictatorships between 1960 and 1980, government-led repression during the last military dictatorship in Argentina was characterized by forced disappearance as a systematic means to exterminate political activists, union members, and students, only a fraction of whom were members of armed organizations . In the course of state-sanctioned terrorism, multiple methods were used to carry out the forced disappearances, one of them being death flights , in which people were thrown from airplanes into the River Plate. Although the country carried out its Trial of the Juntas — the 1985 judicial process that sentenced some of the dictatorship’s repressors — most disappeared people have not been found, as is the case with the Oesterhelds . The Oesterhelds Héctor Germán Oesterheld was born in Buenos Aires in 1919 and was abducted in 1977, one year after the start of Argentina’s military dictatorship. He was a screenwriter, author and journalist who became a pioneer and leading figure in modern comics . He was also a political activist, joining the Montoneros guerrilla group.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 74, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1960"}, {"start": 83, "end": 87, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980"}, {"start": 156, "end": 165, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 255, "end": 264, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 555, "end": 566, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "River Plate"}, {"start": 631, "end": 635, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1985"}, {"start": 807, "end": 831, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Héctor Germán Oesterheld"}, {"start": 860, "end": 864, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1919"}, {"start": 885, "end": 889, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 891, "end": 905, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one year after"}, {"start": 919, "end": 928, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 977, "end": 983, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 988, "end": 998, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1090, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}]}
{"unique_index": 20405, "source_text": "Described by his wife , Elsa Sánchez, as a “freethinker of the left with an overwhelming intelligence,” his keen social and political observations of Argentine reality and all its facets in his life are conveyed in the original comic. Oesterheld grew more committed to the political struggle in the 1970s . At that time, he created a new version of “El Eternauta,” which he finished writing while in hiding. That activism cost him his life. In their testimonies, survivors stated that, despite the tragedy and his physical deterioration, he always preserved his dignity and brilliance in his work. Like him, his four daughters, also members of the Montoneros, were abducted. Two of them, Diana and Marina, were pregnant at the time. Diana was due to give birth in November 1976, and Marina between December 1977 and January 1978. Fernando Araldi Oesterheld, Diana’s first child, was one year old when his parents were abducted.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 24, "end": 28, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elsa"}, {"start": 235, "end": 245, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}, {"start": 299, "end": 304, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}, {"start": 612, "end": 616, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 764, "end": 777, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 1976"}, {"start": 798, "end": 811, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 1977"}, {"start": 816, "end": 828, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 1978"}, {"start": 846, "end": 856, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}, {"start": 883, "end": 895, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one year old"}]}
{"unique_index": 20406, "source_text": "In 2010, the body of his father, Raúl, was identified by the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team in Cementerio del Norte , a cemetery in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán. Neither his mother nor the baby she was carrying at the time of her abduction has been found. When his family was abducted, Fernando was left in an orphanage until his paternal grandparents recovered him. No one saves themselves alone: Mothers, Grandmothers, H.I.J.O.S. Elsa Sánchez de Oesterheld , the writer’s widow, searched for her daughters and grandchildren until her death in 2015; she was a member of the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo . She joined the group after other grandmothers approached her and joined her search. She has a quote published on the Abuelas website : “I am fighting for my grandchildren to know the truth. That is why I do not speak of restitution, but of the right to identity.” The Abuelas were not the only organization founded as a result of Argentina’s tragedy and the fight of the relatives of state terrorism victims.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 61, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team"}, {"start": 150, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "San Miguel de Tucumán"}, {"start": 432, "end": 442, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "H.I.J.O.S."}, {"start": 443, "end": 469, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elsa Sánchez de Oesterheld"}, {"start": 476, "end": 482, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 556, "end": 560, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 597, "end": 610, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Plaza de Mayo"}, {"start": 943, "end": 952, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}]}
{"unique_index": 20407, "source_text": "Also in 1977, mothers searching for their children met in the same Plaza de Mayo located in front of the Casa Rosada, the presidential palace. They exchanged information and eventually founded the organization Madres de Plaza de Mayo (Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo), taking as their symbol a white cloth diaper worn as a headscarf. Years later, in 1995, an organization made up of the third generation of relatives emerged: H.I.J.O.S. The acronym translates to Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice Against Forgetting and Silence. So far, the Abuelas have found 140 grandchildren since their search began. The most recent recovery of a grandchild was announced on July 7, 2025, the first resolved case since the series “The Eternaut” was released. @abuelasdifusion would like to announce #Nieto140, the first since the debut of the series The Eternaut The search continues for all the siblings yet to be found If you were born between 1975 and 1983 and you have doubts about your identity, come to us.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 67, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Plaza de Mayo"}, {"start": 220, "end": 233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Plaza de Mayo"}, {"start": 250, "end": 263, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Plaza de Mayo"}, {"start": 347, "end": 351, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1995"}, {"start": 423, "end": 433, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "H.I.J.O.S."}, {"start": 567, "end": 570, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "140"}, {"start": 669, "end": 681, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 7, 2025"}, {"start": 725, "end": 737, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Eternaut"}, {"start": 844, "end": 856, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Eternaut"}, {"start": 940, "end": 944, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1975"}, {"start": 949, "end": 953, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1983"}]}
{"unique_index": 20408, "source_text": "Contribute information if you have it Photo by @kalofotograma — H.I.J.O.S. Capital (@hijos_capital) July 8, 2025 The organization continues its work, looking for people born between 1975 and 1983 who may be questioning their identity and origin. The two Oesterheld children are among nearly 300 who have not been recovered. At the same time, the work of Argentina’s National Genetic Data Bank, essential for its provision of testing to reestablish identities, is threatened by cuts to scientific research funding under the current government. The Abuelas and other organizations are calling for public policy to be maintained in order to preserve memory as a countermeasure against state terrorism. Fifteen days after “The Eternaut” series debuted, Manuel Gonçalves Granada , an Abuelas board member and a missing grandson recovered in 1995 (case number 57 ), told Infobae that “it gives them hope and joy to see the mechanisms the Abuelas built reviving because of the series.” “The increase in inquiries creates enormous hope for finding the next grandchild, which is what we work for and what the Abuelas fight for every day,” he said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 74, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "H.I.J.O.S."}, {"start": 100, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 8, 2025"}, {"start": 182, "end": 186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1975"}, {"start": 191, "end": 195, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1983"}, {"start": 250, "end": 253, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 254, "end": 264, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oesterheld"}, {"start": 291, "end": 294, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}, {"start": 354, "end": 363, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 366, "end": 392, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Genetic Data Bank"}, {"start": 699, "end": 717, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Fifteen days after"}, {"start": 719, "end": 731, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Eternaut"}, {"start": 836, "end": 840, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1995"}, {"start": 1118, "end": 1127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}]}
{"unique_index": 20416, "source_text": "Pakistan’s Aafia Siddiqui and the elusive truth in a landscape of politicized narratives\n\nThe story of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui , a Pakistani neuroscientist educated in the United States, has remained an open wound for Pakistan for over two decades. Aaafia gained international attention after her 2010 conviction in the United States and is now serving an 86-year prison sentence in Texas for attempted murder and other felonies. The mystery surrounding her treatment persists because its core facts have never faced transparent, international scrutiny. Instead, the United States and Pakistan offer conflicting narratives regarding her disappearance in 2003 and her reappearance in US custody in 2008. In the gap between these two versions, public trust has drained away. The 2008 Incident and the US Verdict The official United States version of events rests on a single afternoon in July 2008. According to court records , Afghan police detained Siddiqui in Ghazni, Afghanistan, allegedly finding documents related to explosives. During questioning by US personnel, officials claim she grabbed an unsecured M4 rifle and opened fire. No one was hit, but Siddiqui was s hot in the torso by US forces during the scuffle.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pakistan’s Aafia Siddiqui and the elusive truth in a landscape of politicized narratives"}, {"start": 167, "end": 180, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 213, "end": 221, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 231, "end": 242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades"}, {"start": 292, "end": 296, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 315, "end": 328, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 336, "end": 339, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 562, "end": 575, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 580, "end": 588, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 649, "end": 653, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2003"}, {"start": 678, "end": 680, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 692, "end": 696, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 723, "end": 726, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 772, "end": 776, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 794, "end": 796, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 818, "end": 831, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 881, "end": 890, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2008"}, {"start": 964, "end": 975, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1052, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}]}
{"unique_index": 20417, "source_text": "She was subsequently extradited to New York, where a federal jury convicted her in 2010 on charges tied only to that encounter. Notably, she was not convicted of terrorism or membership in Al-Qaeda , but specifically for the attempted murder of US personnel during that encounter. She was sentenced to 86 years in prison. The disputed timeline: 2003–2008 What the legal record fails to address is the question that defines the case: Where was Siddiqui for five years ? Siddiqui testified that she was abducted in Karachi in 2003 by Pakistani security forces and vanished into secret “black site” custody. Her three young children disappeared with her ; while one later resurfaced, the fate of the others remains a point of deep contention. Journalists and rights advocates, including those at The Guardian, have argued she was held in unacknowledged detention, possibly at the Bagram Airbase in Afghanistan. Former detainees spoke of a “Grey Lady of Bagram” whose screams haunted the facility, though this connection has never been proven in court or examined by an independent inquiry .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 83, "end": 87, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 245, "end": 247, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 302, "end": 310, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "86 years"}, {"start": 345, "end": 349, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2003"}, {"start": 350, "end": 354, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 456, "end": 466, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years"}, {"start": 524, "end": 528, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2003"}, {"start": 609, "end": 614, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 659, "end": 662, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 740, "end": 751, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalists"}, {"start": 756, "end": 772, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights advocates"}, {"start": 895, "end": 906, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20418, "source_text": "Read More: Pakistan: Dr. Aafia Siddiqui Case – A Veiled Mystery The evidence surrounding that 2008 shooting has long drawn skepticism from independent observers. Forensic reports noted a lack of gunshot residue on Siddiqui’s hands, no fingerprints on the weapon, and no bullet holes or injuries to the alleged targets despite the “close range” nature of the struggle. Amnesty International, which monitored the trial, flagged serious concerns regarding its fairness and the court’s refusal to investigate the “missing years.” While these doubts do not legally overturn the verdict, they highlight the disparity between the thinness of the tested evidence and the extraordinary weight of her nearly century-long sentence. Pakistan’s complicity and silence The role of Pakistan sits at the center of this unresolved history. Rights groups, including the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, have stated there is sufficient evidence to believe Siddiqui and her children were apprehended by Pakistani intelligence agencies in 2003. Claims frequently surface that she was handed over to the US for “bounty money” — a practice documented by lawyers like Clive Stafford Smith , who noted that elements within Pakistan’s security apparatus profited from “extraordinary renditions” during the height of US financial aid to the region.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 19, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 94, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 368, "end": 389, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 721, "end": 729, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 767, "end": 775, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 852, "end": 887, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Commission of Pakistan"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1026, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2003"}, {"start": 1086, "end": 1088, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1142, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 1148, "end": 1168, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Clive Stafford Smith"}, {"start": 1202, "end": 1210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1294, "end": 1296, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}]}
{"unique_index": 20419, "source_text": "To date, Pakistan has neither proven these claims nor denied them with evidence. The state exists in a contradiction : it expresses public sympathy for “the daughter of the nation,” while maintaining a tactical silence regarding the specific mechanics of her 2003 disappearance. Current status and allegations of abuse The human cost of this unresolved history is visible today. Siddiqui remains held at Federal Medical Center (FMC) Carswell in Texas. Supporters report that she is frequently denied medical care, not allowed to freely practice her religion, and has faced abuse . Her current lawyer, Clive Stafford Smith, has leveled harrowing allegations , stating in late 2023 that she has been subjected to physical and sexual abuse by guards and inmates. While the US insists the legal matter is settled, the Pakistani judiciary has begun to lose patience with its own government’s inaction. Between July 2025 and early 2026, the Islamabad High Court repeatedly rebuked Pakistani officials for using the case as a symbolic political tool rather than pursuing a sustained legal strategy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 17, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 242, "end": 251, "label": "JOB", "value": "mechanics"}, {"start": 259, "end": 263, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2003"}, {"start": 372, "end": 377, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 404, "end": 426, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Medical Center"}, {"start": 428, "end": 431, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FMC"}, {"start": 593, "end": 599, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 601, "end": 621, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Clive Stafford Smith"}, {"start": 675, "end": 679, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 770, "end": 772, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 905, "end": 914, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 925, "end": 929, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 935, "end": 955, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamabad High Court"}]}
{"unique_index": 20420, "source_text": "The judges questioned why no international forum has been engaged if the state truly believes she was victimized. These questions point inward. Pakistan demands justice abroad while avoiding inquiry at home. Power versus accountability The case endures because it exposes how power shields itself. The United States treats the 2010 verdict as the final word, effectively “fencing off” the uncomfortable questions of secret detention. Pakistan treats the case as a political campaign , useful for populist speeches, but too dangerous for actual subpoenas. Neither state has allowed a full accounting of the five missing years. Neither has accepted the risk that the truth might embarrass institutions. Ultimately, the public is left with fragments : a conviction based on a disputed moment, a vanished decade , and a woman who became a global symbol only because the truth was deemed too embarrassing for the institutions involved to admit. As legal experts like the late Ramsey Clark once noted , the case remains one of the most troubling examples of how the law can be used to obscure, rather than reveal, the truth. Silence protects power. Inquiry serves the law.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 10, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 144, "end": 152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 302, "end": 315, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 327, "end": 331, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 434, "end": 442, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 606, "end": 610, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}]}
{"unique_index": 20429, "source_text": "Women and young girls bear the brunt of Mali’s worsening security crisis\n\nSince 2012, Mali has been in security turmoil with the emergence and expansion of several radical non-State armed groups: Jamāʿat Nuṣrat al-Islām wal-Muslimīn (JNIM), Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQMI), Katiba Macina , Al Mourabitoun , and the Islamic State Sahel Province (EIGS). These groups demand the independence and empowerment of territories in the northern region of the country, using targeted violent action to weaken and overthrow the powers that be. The current state of affairs has led to ongoing security disruptions across Mali and other Central Sahel countries . Today, the security situation in Mali, a member of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) that withdrew from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) on January 28, 2024, has been marked by clashes between the Malian armed forces and their allies and non-State armed groups. This situation continues to disproportionately affect the civilian population, especially women and girls who are often victims of sexual violence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Women and young girls bear the brunt of Mali’s worsening security crisis"}, {"start": 80, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2012"}, {"start": 86, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 156, "end": 163, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 322, "end": 350, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamic State Sahel Province"}, {"start": 616, "end": 620, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 657, "end": 662, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 690, "end": 694, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 712, "end": 736, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alliance of Sahel States"}, {"start": 738, "end": 741, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AES"}, {"start": 766, "end": 807, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Economic Community of West African States"}, {"start": 809, "end": 815, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ECOWAS"}, {"start": 820, "end": 836, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 28, 2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20430, "source_text": "According to the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA) May 2025 Mali Situation Report , the armed groups’ attacks also result in forced marriages and considerably limit access to essential sexual and reproductive health and protection services. In the March 2025 report , UNFPA explains: In March 2025, armed groups intensified their activities, resulting in violent clashes, which led to significant population displacement. Women and girls continue to bear the brunt of this violence, with their rights and safety increasingly at risk. What’s more, the impact of the U.S. budget cuts makes these women and girls more vulnerable. The report continues: However, the sudden termination of U.S. funding has caused the cessation of key humanitarian programmes, leaving thousands stranded without critical life-saving assistance, further exacerbating the vulnerabilities of populations already affected by ongoing conflicts. The impact has been particularly severe on GBV (gender-based violence) services, with over 191,000 people losing access to essential protection, and SRH services, including maternal care and family planning, which has left over 200,000 people at risk. In addition to the violence, Mali has also suffered profound socioeconomic upheaval due in part to the massive population displacement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 47, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Population Fund"}, {"start": 51, "end": 56, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNFPA"}, {"start": 58, "end": 66, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 67, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Mali Situation Report"}, {"start": 255, "end": 265, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2025"}, {"start": 294, "end": 304, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2025"}, {"start": 572, "end": 576, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 691, "end": 695, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 769, "end": 778, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1022, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "191,000"}, {"start": 1152, "end": 1159, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200,000"}, {"start": 1205, "end": 1209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}]}
{"unique_index": 20431, "source_text": "Although these challenges affect women and children, they are often understated in official reports. Widely overlooked sexual violence In Mali, in June 2025, more than 402,000 people were displaced, 58 percent of whom were women and girls. The 2024 United Nations Secretary General’s Report on Conflict-related Sexual Violence documents cases of rape, forced marriage, abduction, and sexual slavery that armed groups committed in the Gao, Ménaka (east-central), Kayes (southwest), Mopti, Ségou (south-central), and Tombouctou (north) regions, illustrating the scale and severity of these violations. In rural areas and internally displaced persons camps, testimonies of sexual exploitation, harassment, and forced marriages are building up. Non-State armed groups exploit vulnerable communities, instilling a climate of fear and submission. International institutions have noted that this humanitarian crisis profoundly affects women and girls. In 2025, Amadou, a Malian civil society member, was the victim of an armed robbery and a witness to the rape of women committed by armed men. He told Global Voices: C'état un vendredi soir, vers 19h, des bandits armés ont pris d’assaut notre bus, sans qu’aucun secours n’arrive. Nous avons tout de suite compris qu’il s’agissait d’un braquage.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 138, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 147, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 168, "end": 175, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "402,000"}, {"start": 199, "end": 201, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "58"}, {"start": 244, "end": 248, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 249, "end": 263, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 948, "end": 952, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1108, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 20432, "source_text": "Nous avons été tous dépouillés, et une dizaine de femmes ont été violées. La terreur et le désespoir de cette nuit resteront à jamais gravés dans ma mémoire. Je n’oublierai jamais leurs cris, leurs larmes, et ce sentiment d’impuissance totale. Cette nuit m’a montré combien il est urgent de protéger les femmes et de briser le silence face à la violence. It was around 7 pm on a Friday evening when armed men stormed our bus, and no help came. We immediately realized this was an armed robbery. They robbed us of everything and raped ten or so women. The terror and despair on that night will be forever etched in my mind. I will never forget their screams, their tears, or that feeling of complete helplessness. That night showed me how urgent it is to protect women and break the silence on this violence. As it is rooted in tradition, forced marriage is commonplace, especially in areas where poverty and insecurity limit opportunities. In this country, one in two girls is married before the age of 18.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 369, "end": 373, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7 pm"}, {"start": 379, "end": 385, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday"}, {"start": 534, "end": 537, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 577, "end": 587, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that night"}, {"start": 713, "end": 723, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "That night"}, {"start": 957, "end": 967, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one in two"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1005, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18"}]}
{"unique_index": 20433, "source_text": "This phenomenon has severe consequences: interruption to education, early pregnancies, increased domestic violence, and damage to young girls’ physical and mental health. Read: Mali’s rural communities mobilize against child marriage in defense of girls’ futures Women’s resilience in dark times Despite these difficult circumstances, several Malian women come together locally to break the silence. Various women’s community associations have created safe spaces, run awareness-raising campaigns, and support survivors. These initiatives are forms of resistance and resilience in the face of systemic violence. However, these local organizations are severely under-resourced, and fragilities remain in their actions, given the immense needs. Alimata Traore, President of the Convergence of Rural Women for Food Sovereignty (COFERSA) in Mali, explained: Les femmes restent le premier groupe social discriminé. Elles ont moins accès à la représentation politique, aux postes de pouvoir économique, à l’éducation et elles sont surtout les premières victimes de la pauvreté. Women remain the most discriminated against social group. They have less access to education, political representation, positions of economic power, and are the primary victims of poverty.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 177, "end": 181, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 335, "end": 342, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 743, "end": 757, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alimata Traore"}, {"start": 759, "end": 768, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 837, "end": 841, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}]}
{"unique_index": 20434, "source_text": "The elimination of violence, access to reproductive health services, justice for sexual violence victims, and education for girls remain crucial. Women and girls from Mali are at the crux of these crises. Although they are victims of a conflict through no fault of their own, they are also beacons of hope and change. Amadou added: Certes, nous avons été dépouillés, mais ce sont les femmes qui ont survécu à l’horreur et dont la sécurité et la dignité restent profondément mises en péril. Il est urgent que les initiatives locales soient soutenues, et que les autorités écoutent les voix des femmes et leur donne les moyens d’agir pour se protéger. Of course, the bandits robbed us, but the women are the ones who survived these horrors and whose security and dignity remain deeply threatened. It is imperative that local initiatives be supported and that the authorities listen to women and empower them to protect themselves. The protection of women and girls shouldn’t be optional, but an absolute priority for sustainable peace in Mali. Read our special coverage: Mali: National reconstruction under military leadership", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 167, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 318, "end": 324, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amadou"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1040, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 1069, "end": 1073, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}]}
{"unique_index": 20435, "source_text": "The upcoming election will determine the future of Bangladesh’s democracy and reform agenda\n\nEighteen months after students and youth took to the streets to topple former President Sheikh Hasina’s increasingly autocratic regime, Bangladesh now faces what Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus describes as a “ century-defining moment .” When Chief Election Commissioner AMM Nasir Uddin announced the schedule for Bangladesh’s 13th national parliamentary election on December 12, 2025, he framed it as a “historic role in advancing the country’s democratic journey.” The interim government of Bangladesh described this election as “ a test the country cannot afford to fail ,” noting that “this opportunity for a democratic transition has come at the cost of enormous sacrifices made by the youth.” Bangladesh, on February 12, will conduct what the European Union calls the “ biggest democratic process of 2026 ”; however, a referendum mechanism, a digital transformation, and systematic gender marginalization expose the potentially shallow foundations of the country’s democratic renewal. The referendum paradox On February 12, voters will not simply elect representatives in Bangladesh’s 13th national parliamentary election ; they will also vote on constitutional reforms that Yunus claims will shape the country for the next hundred years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 91, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The upcoming election will determine the future of Bangladesh’s democracy and reform agenda"}, {"start": 93, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Eighteen months after"}, {"start": 171, "end": 180, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 181, "end": 194, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 229, "end": 239, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 240, "end": 243, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 255, "end": 268, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Adviser"}, {"start": 269, "end": 283, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muhammad Yunus"}, {"start": 361, "end": 376, "label": "PERSON", "value": "AMM Nasir Uddin"}, {"start": 404, "end": 414, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 457, "end": 474, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 12, 2025"}, {"start": 583, "end": 593, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 789, "end": 799, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 804, "end": 815, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12"}, {"start": 839, "end": 853, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 896, "end": 900, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1107, "end": 1118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12"}, {"start": 1149, "end": 1164, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 1168, "end": 1178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1271, "end": 1276, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yunus"}, {"start": 1315, "end": 1333, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next hundred years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20436, "source_text": "Yet this dual mandate creates what might be called democracy’s Trojan horse — a referendum structure that appears democratic in form while potentially undermining democratic legitimacy in practice. According to the July Charter Implementation Order , voters will receive a pink ballot containing approximately 185 words of dense constitutional language covering four complex proposals. They must answer a single yes-or-no question: “Do you agree with the ‘July National Charter (Constitutional Reform) Implementation Order, 2025’ and the following reform proposals contained in the July Charter?” No detailed explanation appears on the ballot itself. No opportunity exists to approve some reforms while rejecting others. Citizens simply vote yes or no on the entire package. This approach transforms what should be deliberative democracy into what political scientists term “ plebiscitary democracy ”—a form in which citizens rubber-stamp elite decisions rather than engaging meaningfully with constitutional engineering. Furthermore, as revealed in National Consensus Commission data , only twelve of the thirty proposed reform areas achieved genuine consensus among political parties, yet Yunus claimed “overall agreement” on all thirty issues.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 215, "end": 248, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "July Charter Implementation Order"}, {"start": 310, "end": 313, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "185"}, {"start": 362, "end": 366, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 456, "end": 477, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "July National Charter"}, {"start": 524, "end": 528, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 582, "end": 594, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "July Charter"}, {"start": 858, "end": 868, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientists"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1079, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Consensus Commission"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1098, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "twelve"}, {"start": 1106, "end": 1112, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thirty"}, {"start": 1191, "end": 1196, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yunus"}, {"start": 1232, "end": 1238, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thirty"}]}
{"unique_index": 20437, "source_text": "If voters approve the referendum but the elected Constitutional Reform Council fails to finalize amendments within 270 working days, then a Constitution Amendment Bill prepared by the unelected interim government automatically becomes law . Consequently, Bangladesh could see constitutional amendments drafted by an interim government — which has no electoral mandate — become binding on a democratically elected parliament simply because that parliament failed to complete its assigned task within an arbitrary timeline. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) described this mechanism as “wholly irrational, politically motivated, and absurd,” arguing that no bill can become law without passing through parliamentary procedures and receiving presidential confirmation. Meanwhile, Election Commissioner Abul Fazal Md. Sanaullah noted that mock exercises showed that each voter required seven to eight minutes to complete both ballots, yet the Election Commission’s current arrangements allow only 54 seconds per male voter and 65 seconds per female voter. Standing in queues for hours will discourage participation, especially among women, elderly citizens, and those with health issues. Some voters may simply leave without casting ballots, reducing turnout and weakening electoral legitimacy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 78, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Constitutional Reform Council"}, {"start": 115, "end": 118, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "270"}, {"start": 140, "end": 167, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Constitution Amendment Bill"}, {"start": 255, "end": 265, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 526, "end": 554, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 556, "end": 559, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 782, "end": 803, "label": "JOB", "value": "Election Commissioner"}, {"start": 804, "end": 828, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abul Fazal Md. Sanaullah"}, {"start": 896, "end": 909, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "eight minutes"}, {"start": 922, "end": 926, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 944, "end": 963, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Election Commission"}, {"start": 998, "end": 1008, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "54 seconds"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1038, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "65 seconds"}]}
{"unique_index": 20438, "source_text": "Additionally, concerns about state neutrality have emerged. Analysts have questioned whether the government can remain neutral when field-level officials — many with administrative or electoral responsibilities — have been mobilized to promote a “yes” vote through grassroots outreach. When the state itself appears partisan, even in the absence of explicit coercion, the perception of administrative pressure becomes difficult to avoid. Such perceptions could trigger legal challenges and post-referendum disputes that further destabilize Bangladesh’s fragile democratic transition. If the referendum succeeds, it binds an elected parliament to reforms it had a minimal role in crafting. If the referendum fails, government advisers warn that “fascism will return to Bangladesh.” Either outcome suggests that Bangladesh’s democratic transition rests on shakier foundations than revolutionary rhetoric would suggest. Digital democracy’s double edge When Bangladesh’s Election Commission banned physical campaign posters for the first time in electoral history, it effectively forced the 13th National Parliamentary Election into the digital realm. Most major campaigns have moved their center of gravity online, reshaping how candidates reach voters and how voters encounter politics.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 60, "end": 68, "label": "JOB", "value": "Analysts"}, {"start": 156, "end": 160, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 540, "end": 550, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 725, "end": 733, "label": "JOB", "value": "advisers"}, {"start": 768, "end": 778, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 810, "end": 820, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 954, "end": 964, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 967, "end": 986, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Election Commission"}]}
{"unique_index": 20439, "source_text": "Roughly 40 percent of voters are under the age of 37 , many with little memory of politics conducted exclusively through rallies, posters, and printed manifestos. For this generation, politics appears first on screens, compressed into short videos, graphic explainers, livestreamed speeches, and algorithm-driven feeds. The youth-based National Citizen Party emerged after the 2024 student protests and has since made TikTok and Instagram key tools for engagement, reshaping protest momentum into brief, emotionally resonant visuals designed to appeal to first-time voters. Similarly, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party has leaned heavily into interactive online platforms, inviting voters to respond directly to policy proposals, while Jamaat-e-Islami , a right-leaning Islamist party, has experimented with crowdsourcing manifesto ideas through dedicated websites. Despite impressive headline figures, large segments of Bangladesh’s population remain outside the digital ecosystem. Women, older voters, rural residents, and low-income groups are disproportionately represented among those left offline or semi-connected. Can this shift online represent a genuine structural transformation toward youth agency and merit-based politics, while excluding millions who cannot participate in online political discourse?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 10, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 50, "end": 52, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "37"}, {"start": 55, "end": 59, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 336, "end": 358, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizen Party"}, {"start": 377, "end": 381, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 418, "end": 424, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 429, "end": 438, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 589, "end": 617, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 920, "end": 930, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1251, "end": 1259, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 20440, "source_text": "Digital platforms enable smaller parties to mobilize constituencies at minimal cost; however, research reveals that sophisticated bot networks and coordinated propaganda campaigns are already working to shape Bangladesh’s electoral outcomes. The gender exclusion test Despite comprising over 50 percent of the population and consistently demonstrating higher voter turnout in competitive elections, women account for only 4.22 percent of candidates in the 2026 election, compared to 6.6 percent of total candidates in the 2024 elections . Of 2,580 nomination papers submitted by candidates from 51 political parties and independents, only 109 came from women — 72 from political parties and 37 from independents. Based on currently available figures, approximately 2,000 candidates will run in 298 constituencies, with the final number of women candidates still unconfirmed, but remaining below 5 percent, representing the lowest women’s candidacy rate since 1991 . Bangladesh Nationalist Party nominated only 10 women among 287 candidates — a mere 3.5 percent that falls short of even the modest 5 percent target the party itself proposed during National Consensus Commission talks. Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami’s record proves even worse.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 209, "end": 219, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 292, "end": 294, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 422, "end": 426, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.22"}, {"start": 456, "end": 460, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 483, "end": 486, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6.6"}, {"start": 522, "end": 526, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 542, "end": 547, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,580"}, {"start": 595, "end": 597, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "51"}, {"start": 639, "end": 642, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "109"}, {"start": 661, "end": 663, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "72"}, {"start": 691, "end": 693, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "37"}, {"start": 722, "end": 731, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 765, "end": 770, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,000"}, {"start": 794, "end": 797, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "298"}, {"start": 895, "end": 896, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5"}, {"start": 959, "end": 963, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 966, "end": 994, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1012, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 1025, "end": 1028, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "287"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1052, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.5"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1098, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5"}, {"start": 1147, "end": 1176, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Consensus Commission"}, {"start": 1184, "end": 1210, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"}]}
{"unique_index": 20441, "source_text": "After entering electoral alliances, the party is fielding candidates in more than 200 constituencies, yet not a single nominee is a woman. This comes despite claiming 43 percent of their members are women and announcing plans to establish “the world’s largest women’s university” by merging Bangladesh’s Eden College and Begum Badrunnesa College. Recent comments from the leadership of the party on the position of women created multiple controversies . Even the youth-led National Citizen Party, teeming with revolutionary youth leaders with a strong female participation, nominated only three women among 47 constituencies — around 7 percent. If political parties cannot honor basic inclusion commitments in candidate selection, critics ask why anyone should believe they will implement complex constitutional amendments once elected and insulated from immediate accountability. As Bangladesh approaches these three tests — the referendum paradox, the double-edged nature of digital democracy, and gender exclusion — they converge to reveal a sobering reality. Together, these will determine whether Bangladesh’s July 2024 uprising translates into genuine democratic consolidation or merely produces what political scientists call “electoral authoritarianism” with a revolutionary facade.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 82, "end": 85, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 167, "end": 169, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "43"}, {"start": 291, "end": 301, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 304, "end": 345, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eden College and Begum Badrunnesa College"}, {"start": 473, "end": 495, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizen Party"}, {"start": 589, "end": 594, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 607, "end": 609, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "47"}, {"start": 634, "end": 635, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7"}, {"start": 884, "end": 894, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 912, "end": 917, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1112, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1115, "end": 1124, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 1217, "end": 1227, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20442, "source_text": "The social media battlefield: Political campaigns in Bangladesh’s national elections\n\nAs Bangladesh heads toward its 13th National Parliamentary Election on February 12, 2026, campaigning is moving beyond street processions and public rallies into the digital sphere. Social media, especially Facebook, TikTok, X (formerly Twitter), and YouTube, has emerged as a key arena where political messages are crafted, debated, and pushed to wider audiences. What was once considered an informal extension of political communication has now evolved into a core campaign tool, reflecting broader changes in voter engagement and media consumption across the country, mostly via accessible mobile phones. According to the “state of digital” in Bangladesh in 2026 report, Bangladesh had 186 million active mobile connections, about 105 percent of the population. The same report mentions that 82.8 million people, or 47 percent of people, use the internet, and 64 million use social media, mostly Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube. Read more: The upcoming election will determine the future of Bangladesh’s democracy and reform agenda Social media takes center stage as campaign strategy Political parties and candidates in Bangladesh are now heavily investing in online outreach.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 84, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The social media battlefield: Political campaigns in Bangladesh’s national elections"}, {"start": 89, "end": 99, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 157, "end": 174, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12, 2026"}, {"start": 293, "end": 301, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 303, "end": 309, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 323, "end": 330, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 337, "end": 344, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 529, "end": 532, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 733, "end": 743, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 747, "end": 751, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 760, "end": 770, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 775, "end": 786, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "186 million"}, {"start": 820, "end": 823, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "105"}, {"start": 881, "end": 893, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "82.8 million"}, {"start": 905, "end": 907, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "47"}, {"start": 949, "end": 959, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "64 million"}, {"start": 985, "end": 993, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1001, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1014, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1088, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1208, "end": 1218, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1223, "end": 1226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20443, "source_text": "According to a report by the Daily Sun , social media campaigning has become a key component of election strategy, complementing traditional grassroots mobilization. The report mentions that on Facebook, Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) Chairman Tarique Rahman has 5.6 million followers. Bangladesh Jamat-e-Islami Party’s Ameer Shafiqur Rahman has 2.3 million followers, and National Citizen Party (NCP) Convener Nahid Islam has 1.2 million followers on Facebook. Candidates routinely use videos, live streams, and short posts to communicate directly with voters across constituencies. Political parties and candidates are also using innovative online campaign sites, campaign songs , games, and other interactive content to engage the voters of different constituencies. With millions of Bangladeshis active online, especially the 39 percent of the population aged 13–34, platforms such as Facebook and TikTok play an increasingly important role in shaping political awareness. Digital campaigning is no longer peripheral; it has become central to how political messages are delivered and received.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 34, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 194, "end": 202, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 204, "end": 232, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 234, "end": 237, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 239, "end": 247, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chairman"}, {"start": 248, "end": 262, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 267, "end": 278, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5.6 million"}, {"start": 290, "end": 300, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 330, "end": 345, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shafiqur Rahman"}, {"start": 350, "end": 361, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.3 million"}, {"start": 377, "end": 399, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizen Party"}, {"start": 401, "end": 404, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 415, "end": 426, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nahid Islam"}, {"start": 431, "end": 442, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.2 million"}, {"start": 456, "end": 464, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 779, "end": 787, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 834, "end": 836, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "39"}, {"start": 868, "end": 873, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "13–34"}, {"start": 893, "end": 901, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 906, "end": 912, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}]}
{"unique_index": 20444, "source_text": "Rules for online campaigning In response to the expanding influence of social media, the Bangladesh Election Commission (EC) has introduced regulations aimed at limiting digital misuse during election periods. Candidates are required to submit details of their official social media accounts in advance, and content that violates the electoral code of conduct is prohibited. A Daily Sun summary of the election guidelines notes that spreading unverified or harmful information online, including disinformation and personal attacks, may result in penalties. The rules also explicitly ban the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to distort facts, manipulate images or videos, or mislead voters. The regulations are intended to prevent online campaigning from undermining electoral fairness and transparency. Misinformation and AI-generated content Despite these safeguards, misinformation and digitally manipulated content spiked amid concerns about digital campaigns. In an in-depth fact-check, The Daily Star identified nearly 97 pieces of AI-generated content circulating on Facebook ahead of the election. Many of these posts, including deepfakes and other manipulated videos, spread widely and were used to tilt political narratives in favor of competing party camps.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 89, "end": 119, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Election Commission"}, {"start": 121, "end": 123, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EC"}, {"start": 377, "end": 382, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 998, "end": 1003, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1029, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "97"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1084, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}]}
{"unique_index": 20445, "source_text": "A recent AFP fact-checking report also confirms the use of AI-generated content to support various political parties. Meanwhile, data released by fact-checking group Rumor Scanner — reported by Bangla Daily Prothom Alo — found 268 instances of misinformation spreading across online platforms in a single month, with a large share related to political topics. Facebook hosted most of these misleading posts. These patterns illustrate how social media, while democratizing access to information, can also become a vector for deceptive political messaging. Local political voices on social media abuse Political actors themselves have begun to publicly address the misuse of social media. In a recent Prothom Alo coverage , Mahdi Amin, spokesperson for the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), accused rival groups of spreading widespread misinformation and character-assassination campaigns online ahead of the election. Reports also show how bot-driven waves of fake “haha” post reactions are used to target Facebook posts by activists and politicians across Jamaat, BNP, Awami League, and NCP circles, illustrating how bought engagement distorts public perception and exploits Facebook’s algorithm to suppress the reach of specific posts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 12, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AFP"}, {"start": 166, "end": 179, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rumor Scanner"}, {"start": 201, "end": 206, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 227, "end": 230, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "268"}, {"start": 360, "end": 368, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 722, "end": 732, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mahdi Amin"}, {"start": 734, "end": 746, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokesperson"}, {"start": 755, "end": 783, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 785, "end": 788, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1015, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1025, "end": 1034, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1050, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 1066, "end": 1069, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1083, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 1089, "end": 1092, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1185, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}]}
{"unique_index": 20446, "source_text": "Such incidents capture broader concerns among local political communities about the effects of online campaigns on voter perception and political stability. At the same time, social media platforms are taking steps to address the situation. TikTok Bangladesh has launched an “Election Information Center” in partnership with the Election Commission, aiming to provide users with official election updates. The move reflects how platforms are trying to offset misinformation by promoting verified information. Why this matters to global audiences Bangladesh’s experience mirrors a broader global pattern: social media has evolved from a simple communication tool into a political battleground where narratives are quickly built and amplified to a targeted audience. As Bangladeshi political parties fight for Gen‑Z attention, experimenting with viral content on social media, and confronting misinformation in parallel with street politics, legacy media are used less and less . For international audiences, examining how digital platforms shape elections in Bangladesh offers a window into the changing nature of political participation and the pressures democracies face when technological change moves faster than oversight.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 241, "end": 247, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 248, "end": 258, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 276, "end": 303, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Election Information Center"}, {"start": 329, "end": 348, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Election Commission"}, {"start": 546, "end": 556, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1058, "end": 1068, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20447, "source_text": "Iran’s internet blackout as media event: Networks, algorithms, and the politics of visibility\n\nWhat began on December 27, 2025, as coordinated strikes in Tehran’s Grand Bazaar rapidly expanded into nationwide demonstrations across more than 30 provinces. As the unrest grew, Iranian authorities imposed a total internet shutdown on January 8 2026, which NetBlocks confirmed, as a near-complete collapse of connectivity , affecting mobile networks, fixed-line services, and international gateways, continued for several days until limited access began returning on January 23. As limited access returns , videos and testimonies are beginning to reveal a pattern of state violence that the UN Human Rights Council has already described as “ unprecedented in its scope and brutality .” According to a TIME Magazine report citing anonymous state officials, the state’s crackdown could have resulted in over 30,000 deaths. Meanwhile, US-based Iranian human rights NGO, HRANA reports at least 41,800, and possibly up to 50,000, arrests across more than 400 cities, with detainees held in overcrowded facilities where they face heightened risks of torture, forced confessions, and summary execution.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Iran’s internet blackout as media event: Networks, algorithms, and the politics of visibility"}, {"start": 109, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 27, 2025"}, {"start": 241, "end": 243, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 332, "end": 341, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 8"}, {"start": 342, "end": 346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 511, "end": 523, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several days"}, {"start": 564, "end": 574, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 23"}, {"start": 688, "end": 711, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Human Rights Council"}, {"start": 798, "end": 811, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TIME Magazine"}, {"start": 903, "end": 909, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30,000"}, {"start": 929, "end": 931, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 987, "end": 993, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "41,800"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1020, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50,000"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1050, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400"}]}
{"unique_index": 20448, "source_text": "A vacuum filled by regime-aligned voices abroad As in earlier shutdowns in November 2019 and during the Woman, Life, Freedom movement , the blackout also reshaped who could speak for Iranians abroad. With people inside the country cut off, a familiar constellation of regime defenders and state-aligned commentators stepped into the vacuum, influencing how the uprising was interpreted internationally. Reporting has documented protests against figures such as Trita Parsi , founder of NIAC and co-founder of the Quincy Institute , whose public appearances have drawn accusations from demonstrators that they advance narratives sympathetic to Tehran. Similar concerns have surfaced in Canada, where the Iranian Canadian Congress (ICC) has been criticized by diaspora activists for positions they argue align too closely with those of the Islamic Republic. Revealing evidence of this dynamic surfaced in a recent episode of the Iranian state‑aligned program Dialogue , where two regime‑affiliated intellectuals, Foad Izadi and Bijan Abdolkarimi, discussed building an “Iran lobby” in the United States. Izadi, a frequent state media surrogate who has advocated targeting U.S. troops , and Abdolkarimi, a philosophy professor who has called the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ( IRGC) Iran’s “only hope ,” debated the structure of such a lobby and explicitly named Trita Parsi and NIAC.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 75, "end": 88, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2019"}, {"start": 461, "end": 472, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trita Parsi"}, {"start": 475, "end": 482, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 486, "end": 490, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NIAC"}, {"start": 495, "end": 505, "label": "JOB", "value": "co-founder"}, {"start": 513, "end": 529, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Quincy Institute"}, {"start": 685, "end": 691, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 703, "end": 728, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Iranian Canadian Congress"}, {"start": 730, "end": 733, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICC"}, {"start": 767, "end": 776, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 838, "end": 854, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 974, "end": 977, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1021, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Foad Izadi"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1072, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izadi"}, {"start": 1170, "end": 1174, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 1188, "end": 1199, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abdolkarimi"}, {"start": 1214, "end": 1223, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 1285, "end": 1289, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1365, "end": 1376, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trita Parsi"}, {"start": 1381, "end": 1385, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NIAC"}]}
{"unique_index": 20449, "source_text": "Izadi stressed that it must be an Iran lobby, not an Iranian lobby, a distinction that expands the imagined network beyond nationality and helps explain how seemingly independent journalists or analysts can be treated as potential conduits for state narratives. Citing remarks attributed to former president Hassan Rouhani (“We want an Iranian lobby”), they compared this model to Israeli and Arab lobbying networks. The significance lies in how the Islamic Republic’s own intellectual class conceptualizes diaspora influence and situates NIAC and Parsi within that architecture, revealing how state ‑ aligned voices abroad help manage narratives when voices inside Iran are silenced. A systematic playbook of narrative manipulation The narratives promoted by these actors followed a consistent playbook. At the center of this playbook is the deliberate manufacturing of doubt . Rather than defending the regime’s actions outright, these actors work to destabilize the very possibility of verification: questioning videos, dismissing eyewitnesses, demanding impossible standards of proof, and amplifying minor ambiguities as if they invalidate overwhelming evidence. This strategy mirrors well‑documented disinformation techniques used in other contexts, where the goal is not to persuade audiences of a single narrative but to erode confidence in any account that contradicts the state.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izadi"}, {"start": 34, "end": 38, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 179, "end": 190, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 194, "end": 202, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 298, "end": 307, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 308, "end": 322, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hassan Rouhani"}, {"start": 450, "end": 466, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 539, "end": 543, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NIAC"}, {"start": 548, "end": 553, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Parsi"}, {"start": 666, "end": 670, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 20450, "source_text": "As the examples below illustrate, this engineered uncertainty becomes the foundation on which all other narrative tactics operate. They referred to the protesters as “rioters” and attempted to recast a nationwide political revolt as a narrow economic grievance , but extensive reporting and UN findings show the uprising was driven by decades of repression, not sanctions. They claimed protesters were foreign-manipulated , yet every credible investigation confirms the movement’s domestic roots . They warned that international support would trigger war or “ another Syria ,” a fear-based argument contradicted by evidence that the only large-scale violence came from the state itself . They demanded impossible levels of proof for every report of killings while accepting official denials without scrutiny , even though independent forensic analysis, geolocated videos, and hospital records have verified mass casualties. They, including both Iranian defenders of the regime and non‑Iranians who present themselves as defenders of “Iran,” minimized the crackdown by recasting it as necessary “security operations,” and insisting on police casualty figures that bear no comparison to the thousands of documented deaths and injuries .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 291, "end": 293, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 568, "end": 573, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syria"}, {"start": 940, "end": 944, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1038, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1189, "end": 1198, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 20451, "source_text": "They tried to muddy the record by claiming videos were “fake,” “old,” or AI-generated and insisting victims’ identities were unverifiable, tactics designed to manufacture doubt even though independent verification and families’ own documentation consistently confirmed both the footage and the names as authenti c . When the extent of the massacre became undeniable, the narrative shifted: the killings were suddenly attributed to foreign agents and shadowy armed groups . But countless videos filmed by ordinary Iranians show uniformed state forces attacking unarmed civilians. By characterizing reporting on state violence as “ psychological warfare ” or foreign manipulation, they introduced doubt around verified accounts, despite the convergence of independent reporting, citizen footage, and human rights investigations. They argued the regime remained stable and legitimate , even as mass participation in recurrent uprisings, boycotts, polls and elite fractures revealed a profound legitimacy crisis . They blamed sanctions for Iran’s economic collapse, ignoring extensive research showing corruption, IRGC monopolies, and mismanagement as central drivers. They portray those executed or targeted by the regime as violent actors or foreign assets , ISIS militants, MEK members, Kurdish separatists, even alleged Israeli agents , despite UN and NGO documentation of sham trials, forced confessions, and political executions .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 269, "end": 273, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1040, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1156, "end": 1163, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}, {"start": 1345, "end": 1347, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}]}
{"unique_index": 20452, "source_text": "They claimed information wasn’t being suppressed and argued the internet was shut down only to sever “rioters” from Western instigators , even as journalists were jailed and connectivity was deliberately cut to block reporting. They argued the opposition was weak because Iranians did not want change , overlooking decades of repression, infiltration, and civil-society destruction . They justified the crackdown by claiming protesters were killing security forces , but independent investigations show many of the so-called “killed Basij members ” were actually civilians whose families were coerced into labeling them Basij. Human Rights Watch documented cases where authorities conditioned the release of victims’ bodies on such forced declarations, concealing both victim identities and state violence. Pro-Pahlavi distortions and the Zionist frame Meanwhile, foreign-funded and diaspora outlets introduced distortions of their own. During the blackout, some recast the protests through a monarchist, pro-Pahlavi lens, an interpretive shift that mirrors patterns documented by Haaretz , which reported on coordinated influence efforts aimed at elevating Reza Pahlavi as the preferred opposition figure.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 146, "end": 157, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 627, "end": 645, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Watch"}, {"start": 764, "end": 768, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20453, "source_text": "In this framing, “real Iranians” were often portrayed as Zionist-aligned or openly supportive of Israel’s intervention , a narrative that erased the country’s political diversity and ignored the long history of anti-imperial, anti-authoritarian struggle inside Iran. By presenting the opposition as uniformly pro-Israel, these networks inadvertently reinforced one of the Islamic Republic’s most effective propaganda lines: that the only alternative to the current system is a Western-backed, Zionist project. A media landscape primed to believe the regime This dynamic made it easy for the regime to gain credibility among global left-leaning audiences and human-rights activists unfamiliar with Iran’s internal landscape. In the post-Gaza media environment, where distrust of mainstream outlets was high and solidarity with Palestine had become a defining moral axis, the Islamic Republic’s long-standing posture as a defender of Palestine resonated strongly. When pro-Pahlavi voices cast dissenters as Zionist proxies, regime-aligned commentators positioned themselves as the only authentic anti-imperialist actors, even as the state carried out mass killings. For audiences without deep knowledge of Iran, this “regime vs. Zionists” binary appeared coherent, allowing the state’s narrative to circulate largely unchallenged during the blackout, through independent media, that independent activists tended to trust. The blackout sealed this imbalance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 97, "end": 103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 261, "end": 265, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 313, "end": 319, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 372, "end": 388, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 671, "end": 680, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 697, "end": 701, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 826, "end": 835, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Palestine"}, {"start": 874, "end": 890, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 932, "end": 941, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Palestine"}, {"start": 1204, "end": 1208, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1393, "end": 1402, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20454, "source_text": "With people inside Iran cut off from the internet, the only voices audible on global platforms were those with uninterrupted access: state broadcasters, official spokespeople, and well-resourced pro-Pahlavi networks. Their narratives dominated not because they reflected reality, but because no in-country uploads or testimonies could surface to counter them. Meanwhile, most Iranians in the diaspora, many of them immigrants without institutional media access or large platforms, were similarly sidelined. Their perspectives were drowned out by a small number of highly amplified actors whose visibility reflected resources and platform infrastructures rather than representativeness. The January blackout revealed that political power now operates through control of visibility as much as through force. By severing connectivity, the state decided whose suffering could be seen and whose testimony vanished before reaching the world. In the silence that followed, external actors, regime-aligned or foreign-funded, filled the void, allowing their narratives to harden into “truth” long before survivors could speak. In a landscape shaped by platforms and algorithms, the central question is no longer just what happened in Iran, but who had the power to make their version of events visible.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 23, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 737, "end": 740, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1225, "end": 1229, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 20455, "source_text": "Nepali poet Mani Lohani on life, literature, and the world of poetry\n\nMani Lohani is a Nepali writer and television journalist who has been active for more than three decades in poetry and fiction. Originally from Nuwakot town in the Bagmati Province of central Nepal, he is widely recognized for exploring themes of love, life, human relationships, and the profound mysteries surrounding death in his writing. His notable works include the poetry collection Malami Saajh and the story collections Parast Prem and Nirbastra Man. His book Mrityuko Aghiltir earned a major national award for outstanding literary creation. Lohani has received several prestigious honors, including the Bhanumati Award, the Sarbottam Katha Award, the Banitashree Byathit Poetry Award, and the Sasiddhi Rastriy KalaShree Youth Award. His poems and stories have been translated into multiple languages and are included in school-level curricula in Nepal. Sangita Swechcha of Global Voices interviewed Mani Lohani via email to learn more about his decades-long journey as a writer and television journalist, his contributions to Nepali poetry and fiction, and his exploration of themes such as love, human relationships, and the mysteries of death.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 68, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nepali poet Mani Lohani on life, literature, and the world of poetry"}, {"start": 70, "end": 81, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mani Lohani"}, {"start": 94, "end": 100, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 116, "end": 126, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 161, "end": 174, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three decades"}, {"start": 234, "end": 250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bagmati Province"}, {"start": 262, "end": 267, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 538, "end": 555, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Mrityuko Aghiltir"}, {"start": 621, "end": 627, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lohani"}, {"start": 641, "end": 648, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 926, "end": 931, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 933, "end": 949, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 953, "end": 966, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 979, "end": 990, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mani Lohani"}, {"start": 1051, "end": 1057, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 1073, "end": 1083, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}]}
{"unique_index": 20456, "source_text": "Sangita Swechcha (SS): Over your decades-long career, how have your views on love, mysteries of death, and human relationships evolved in your writing? Mani Lohani (ML): The relationship between human beings and its ups and downs is a subject of my interest. If people around the world are under stress, it is because of relationships. Love is the main reason that makes human life energetic and happy. But love does not fall to everyone’s share. Because of people who are dissatisfied in love and relationships, various anarchic activities have increased in society. If society is to be made beautiful, everyone must live with love. Everyone deserves a pleasant relationship. I am writing with this focus. Love is both a human search and a satisfaction. In recent times, people are afflicted by fear of death. Death is not fear — it is a natural aspect of human life. A person who accepts death naturally can remain joyful. For the sake of building a joyful society, I am also writing about death and its mysteries. To find answers, I read books on death found in Eastern philosophy, which helped me understand death not as fear but as a natural process.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 152, "end": 163, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mani Lohani"}, {"start": 715, "end": 719, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20457, "source_text": "After being born, a human must die. If death is inevitable, why fear it? From birth itself, death is with us. But this certainty does not mean hopelessness. One can live joyfully and lovingly, be helpful to others, and proud of oneself. In my writings, I am advocating exactly this. Sangita Swechcha (SS): Your works range from poetry to fiction. How do you approach these genres differently, and what unique possibilities does each offer? Mani Lohani (ML): Poetry and story are different. In poetry, deep experiences of life are expressed in few words, whereas story is connected to society. Simply put, poetry concerns an individual’s mind, while story concerns the psychology of society. Poetry is like a mantra and can connect a person to meditation, whereas story is a practice of transforming society. However, readers do not have to understand poetry and story as I do. They are free to interpret stories and poems according to their own understanding and the pleasure they feel while reading. I write both stories and poems, aiming to communicate easily with the human mind.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 283, "end": 299, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 440, "end": 451, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mani Lohani"}, {"start": 543, "end": 546, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 1009, "end": 1013, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20458, "source_text": "While writing, I keep in mind readers who are more filled with knowledge and experience but cannot express it. I like to write their feelings in a way they themselves can understand. Sangita Swechcha (SS): How do you see contemporary Nepali poetry interacting with global literary trends, and what international influences resonate with your work? Mani Lohani (ML): In recent times, society has become a global village. A poem written in one corner of the world can easily be available elsewhere. For this reason, not only poetry but all human activity is becoming global. We poets in Nepal have given importance to translation to take our works to the global market. We are serious about ensuring good poems reach the world audience and have made various efforts. Through translation and literary activities, exchanges with world literature are taking place. Regarding international influence on my poetry, because I am connected to communication, I stay updated with national and international news and am influenced by events linked to human sensitivity. While reading great writers of world literature, I have found opportunities to learn from their writing and refine myself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 183, "end": 199, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 348, "end": 359, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mani Lohani"}, {"start": 438, "end": 441, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 576, "end": 581, "label": "JOB", "value": "poets"}, {"start": 585, "end": 590, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1085, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20459, "source_text": "Recently, I have been enriched by the styles of emerging writers in world literature. Sangita Swechcha (SS): Many of your works have been translated and are included in school curricula. How do you navigate the balance between local cultural specificity and universal appeal? Mani Lohani (ML): As I said earlier, as the world moves forward as a global village, translation has made world literature accessible in every country and language. I was born in a village near Kathmandu and spent my childhood and later years in the Kathmandu Valley. The Kathmandu Valley is a cultural city. Its architecture and culture can become meaningful material for world literature. I try to incorporate local cultural distinctiveness into my writing and experiment with my style. Even amid local cultural diversity, the human mind and its loneliness are the same everywhere. People have become lonely. I use local culture and love to connect that loneliness with the collective. I believe my creations can help fill the emptiness of the human heart. Loneliness is universal, but if understood, it can be transformed into joy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 57, "end": 64, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 86, "end": 102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 276, "end": 287, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mani Lohani"}, {"start": 526, "end": 542, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kathmandu Valley"}, {"start": 548, "end": 564, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kathmandu Valley"}]}
{"unique_index": 20460, "source_text": "Globally, we face sufferings — climate change, coronavirus, terrorism, and frustrations from growing technology use. Improvement cannot happen through individual effort alone. Cooperation across society is necessary. Sports, literature, and creative expression can help connect people and foster understanding worldwide. Sangita Swechcha (SS): What do you hope your readers, both in Nepal and abroad, take away from your poetry and stories, especially regarding life’s deeper questions? Mani Lohani (ML): I hope readers, both in Nepal and abroad, come away with a deeper understanding of life through my exploration of love and death, the two forces that shape our most profound human experiences. Through the emotional world of relationships, their beauty, fragility, and struggle, I wish to remind readers that much of human suffering grows from love and its absence, and that a harmonious society can exist only when love is nurtured. At the same time, I reflect on death to encourage a more peaceful acceptance of its inevitability. Rather than despair, I hope readers choose awareness, kindness, joy, and a desire to serve others. Ultimately, I want my work to inspire people to live more consciously, lovingly, and meaningfully.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 321, "end": 337, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 375, "end": 379, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 383, "end": 388, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 487, "end": 498, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mani Lohani"}, {"start": 521, "end": 525, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 529, "end": 534, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 639, "end": 642, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20461, "source_text": "Is it useful to talk to a dictator? Belarusian opposition have doubts\n\nThe latest US-negotiated release of political prisoners from Belarus in December 2025, included high level political figures from the 2020 Belarus protests, and among them, Maria Kalesnikava . Who is Maria Kalesnikava? Kalesnikava had for a long time been the second after Sviatlana Tsikhanovskaya , a symbolic figure of Belarusian protests and opposition forces. She entered Belarusian politics shortly before the 2020 presidential election by joining the campaign team of banker and philanthropist Viktor Babariko , who was considered Lukashenka’s main rival in the upcoming vote. In June 2020, writes Meduza , a month and a half before the election, Viktor Babariko and his son Eduard were detained. After that, Kalesnikava became the face of Babariko’s campaign. She teamed up with Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, the only opposition candidate allowed to run,and together they traveled around the country holding rallies (permitted as part of the official campaign). The presidential election 2020 in Belarus took place on August 9. Lukashenka was declared the winner; Tsikhanouskaya was forced to leave for Lithuania; large protests started and were suppressed by force in Belarus.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Is it useful to talk to a dictator? Belarusian opposition have doubts"}, {"start": 82, "end": 84, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 132, "end": 139, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 143, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 205, "end": 209, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 210, "end": 217, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 244, "end": 249, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria"}, {"start": 271, "end": 276, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria"}, {"start": 344, "end": 353, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sviatlana"}, {"start": 486, "end": 490, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 571, "end": 586, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Viktor Babariko"}, {"start": 657, "end": 666, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2020"}, {"start": 696, "end": 702, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "a half"}, {"start": 724, "end": 739, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Viktor Babariko"}, {"start": 817, "end": 825, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Babariko"}, {"start": 857, "end": 881, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1066, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1077, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 9"}, {"start": 1138, "end": 1152, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tsikhanouskaya"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1186, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lithuania"}, {"start": 1243, "end": 1250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}]}
{"unique_index": 20462, "source_text": "In September 2020, security forces attempted to deport Kalesnikava to Ukraine, but she tore up her passport right at the border, Meduza reminds us. Kalesnikava was arrested and sentenced to 11 years in prison in a case over an alleged attempt to seize power. Kalesnikava and Babariko both served their sentences under extremely harsh conditions , in isolation from the outside world, under pressure from prison authorities and without access to proper medical care. It was reported that the elder Babariko was beaten, hospitalized, and sent to a punishment cell. Kalesnikova was also hospitalized in prison. The release of Kalesnikova and Babariko sparked enthusiasm:. But disputes quickly followed. Kalesnikava calls for negotiations with Lukashenka The thing is, Maria Kalesnikava made several statements that go against the ‘traditional’ policies of both the Belarusian opposition in exile as well as the EU politicians. On January 19, 2026, in an interview with the Financial Times , she said: “The more Belarus is isolated from Europe, the more it is forced to move closer to Russia. This makes Belarus less safe and less predictable for Europe.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2020"}, {"start": 70, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 190, "end": 198, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11 years"}, {"start": 275, "end": 283, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Babariko"}, {"start": 284, "end": 288, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 497, "end": 505, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Babariko"}, {"start": 563, "end": 574, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kalesnikova"}, {"start": 623, "end": 634, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kalesnikova"}, {"start": 639, "end": 647, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Babariko"}, {"start": 765, "end": 770, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria"}, {"start": 788, "end": 795, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 853, "end": 857, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 908, "end": 910, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 911, "end": 922, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 927, "end": 943, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 19, 2026"}, {"start": 970, "end": 985, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Financial Times"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1015, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1039, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1087, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 1143, "end": 1149, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}]}
{"unique_index": 20463, "source_text": "This is part of her argument that the EU should have a dialogue with Lukashenka. “Lukashenka is a pragmatic person. He understands the language of business. If he is ready to take humanitarian steps in response to sanctions relief, including the release of prisoners and allowing independent media and NGOs into Belarus, this should be discussed,” Kalesnikava said . On February 3rd, at the meeting with the Lithuanian prime minister, Kalesnikova called for increasing the mobility of Belarusian citizens between Lithuania and Belarus, stressing the importance of more intensive movement with Europe and proposing the restoration of passenger rail service on the Minsk–Vilnius route, as well as bus routes. The response by Prime Minister Inga Ruginienė, was that she currently sees no opportunities for this. She said: It is understandable that the opposition wants to give people in Belarus more opportunities to see a different system, a democratic system, but for now we definitely do not see opportunities to allow more travel. We do not yet see opportunities to make relations warmer, while we see an unequivocal position from Belarus: hybrid attacks, balloons, our carriers not getting their vehicles back.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 40, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 312, "end": 319, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 348, "end": 359, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kalesnikava"}, {"start": 370, "end": 382, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 3rd"}, {"start": 419, "end": 433, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 435, "end": 446, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kalesnikova"}, {"start": 513, "end": 522, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lithuania"}, {"start": 527, "end": 534, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 593, "end": 599, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 723, "end": 737, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 738, "end": 752, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Inga Ruginienė"}, {"start": 767, "end": 776, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 884, "end": 891, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 967, "end": 970, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1132, "end": 1139, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}]}
{"unique_index": 20464, "source_text": "Read more: Poland plans to close the last border crossings with Belarus as migrant crisis continues In an interview with a popular Russian journalist in exile, Yury Dud , Maria Kalesnikova explained why she thought it was necessary to talk to Lukashenka. “If dialogue liberates people, that's good. If dialogue ends repression and stops punishing people for expressing their opinions, that's very good,” she said. History has never seen eternal dictators, right? But it has happened before that dictators were followed by scorched earth. Why do we need scorched earth? We don't need it. We need people to feel free, to be able to strive for that However, the position of other Belarusian political figures in exile, including Tsikhanovskaya, has always been against any talk with Lukashenka . And, as the Financial Times notes , Kalesnikava’s approach runs counter to the EU’s current policy: maintaining contacts with Belarusian democratic forces in exile, minimizing interaction with the Lukashenka regime, and preserving economic sanctions, the ban on air travel, and stricter visa rules for Belarusian citizens. Many other Belarusians in exile do not think it is a good idea Belsat media , currently working from Poland, had published some opinions of other Belarusians in exile.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 17, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Poland"}, {"start": 64, "end": 71, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 139, "end": 149, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 171, "end": 188, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria Kalesnikova"}, {"start": 805, "end": 820, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Financial Times"}, {"start": 872, "end": 874, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1120, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 1194, "end": 1203, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 1217, "end": 1223, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Poland"}]}
{"unique_index": 20465, "source_text": "Politician Pavel Latushko , who served as Belarus’s minister of culture before 2020, said that under the approach Kalesnikava proposes , Belarusian democratic forces would be excluded from the dialogue between Minsk and Brussels. Politician Anatoly Lebedko highlighted that , during more than 30 years of Lukashenka’s rule, Europeans have repeatedly tried to establish contact with him, offering not only sanctions relief but also investments. This did not lead to systemic changes and ended roughly the same way each time: protests flared up again in Belarus, Lukashenka again responded with violence and imprisoned people, and then released them in exchange for the easing of restrictions by Western countries. Several other commentators, as Meduza mentions , expressed their views in social media channels. Activist and former political prisoner Nikolai Dedok , representative of the opposition association of Belarusian security officials BelPol Vladimir Zhigar , and former head of the fund that helped victims of repression BySol Andrei Strizhak noted that Europe abandoned dialogue with official Minsk not only because of the repression after 2020, but also because of Belarus’s complicity in Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "JOB", "value": "Politician"}, {"start": 11, "end": 25, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pavel Latushko"}, {"start": 42, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 52, "end": 60, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 79, "end": 83, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 230, "end": 240, "label": "JOB", "value": "Politician"}, {"start": 241, "end": 256, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anatoly Lebedko"}, {"start": 293, "end": 301, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30 years"}, {"start": 552, "end": 559, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 713, "end": 720, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 810, "end": 818, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activist"}, {"start": 849, "end": 862, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nikolai Dedok"}, {"start": 865, "end": 879, "label": "JOB", "value": "representative"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1069, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 1150, "end": 1154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1176, "end": 1183, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 1200, "end": 1206, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1232, "end": 1239, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 1243, "end": 1256, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2022"}]}
{"unique_index": 20466, "source_text": "In particular, Dedok said: Dialogue with a dictator in itself is not yet a disaster. Especially if it is currently impossible to isolate him completely. And of course it is important for us to free our people, who are increasingly dying in prisons. The only question is on what terms this will be done. The position ‘free political prisoners at any cost’ is clearly a losing one, at least because recruiting new ones for Lukashenko is a matter of days. Therefore, the best dialogue with a villain always comes after pressure has been increased. Radio Liberty political observer Valery Karbalevich told Belsat that disagreements over which approach toward Lukashenko is more effective, hardline (as in Europe) or flexible (as with the current US Trump administration), have existed for a long time, but have intensified. He said: Perhaps with the release of Viktor Babariko and Maria Kolesnikova, this current [in favor of negotiations] will become even stronger. But to what extent does it influence Europe’s position? I would not yet say that it does. How does Lukashenka treat political prisoners?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 20, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dedok"}, {"start": 105, "end": 114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 545, "end": 558, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Radio Liberty"}, {"start": 578, "end": 596, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Valery Karbalevich"}, {"start": 701, "end": 707, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 742, "end": 744, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 857, "end": 872, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Viktor Babariko"}, {"start": 877, "end": 882, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1006, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}]}
{"unique_index": 20467, "source_text": "Meanwhile, the regime in Belarus does not go easy on its opponents. Belarusian human rights movement Viasna has described the horrible conditions that people detained for political dissent face in a state temporary detention center (called Akrescina) while awaiting trial. They report that the detention conditions at Akrescina amount to torture. Detainees are kept in inhumane conditions without access to basic hygiene products or clean clothes for the duration of their 28-month detention. Read more: Ways of punishing dissent in Lukashenka’s Belarus Human Rights Watch, while supporting the latest release of political prisoners in Belarus, notes that over 1,100 people are still imprisoned for peacefully exercising their rights in Belarus. Among them are human rights orgnization Viasna's board member and human rights defender Valiantsin Stefanovic ; Viasna activist and volunteers’ coordinator Marfa Rabkova ; and Nasta (Anastasia) Lojka , a prominent human rights advocate. All are serving draconian prison sentences in Lukashenka's Belarus.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 32, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 101, "end": 107, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Viasna"}, {"start": 546, "end": 553, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 554, "end": 572, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Watch"}, {"start": 636, "end": 643, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 661, "end": 666, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,100"}, {"start": 737, "end": 744, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}, {"start": 786, "end": 792, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Viasna"}, {"start": 812, "end": 833, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defender"}, {"start": 834, "end": 855, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Valiantsin Stefanovic"}, {"start": 858, "end": 864, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Viasna"}, {"start": 865, "end": 873, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 890, "end": 901, "label": "JOB", "value": "coordinator"}, {"start": 902, "end": 915, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marfa Rabkova"}, {"start": 966, "end": 981, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights advocate"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1049, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belarus"}]}
{"unique_index": 20473, "source_text": "Nigeria confronts growing climate risks with rising droughts, heatwaves, and flooding\n\nI was walking on the pedestrian pavement, and my skin shimmered, not because of any cream, but because of the sun’s rays reflecting off it. Sweat rolled down my face, and the only reason I didn’t cry was that my body would have generated even more heat. The 3:00 p.m. sunlight in Abuja, Nigeria, that Tuesday afternoon was unbearable, and I truly felt helpless. But how about other northern regions ? If temperatures are sweltering in the north-central zone, imagine the intensity in the arid and semi-arid areas further north, closer to the Sahara Desert. How can those of us in heat-affected regions cope with the seemingly worsening climate conditions? Climatic implications of Nigeria’s location Nigeria, a country known for its distinctly young population , shares borders with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Benin, and the Atlantic Ocean . While these borders facilitate trade and ethnic connectivity, they also have climatic implications. Rainfall volume varies significantly across regions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nigeria confronts growing climate risks with rising droughts, heatwaves, and flooding"}, {"start": 345, "end": 354, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3:00 p.m."}, {"start": 367, "end": 372, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Abuja"}, {"start": 374, "end": 381, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 388, "end": 395, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday"}, {"start": 629, "end": 642, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sahara Desert"}, {"start": 768, "end": 775, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 787, "end": 794, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 870, "end": 878, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 880, "end": 884, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chad"}, {"start": 886, "end": 891, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 893, "end": 898, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Benin"}, {"start": 908, "end": 922, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Atlantic Ocean"}]}
{"unique_index": 20474, "source_text": "The southeastern states of Nigeria record the highest levels , while the northeastern states receive the least. The south regularly receives heavy downpours because of rising air masses from the Atlantic Ocean and the orographic effects of the Cameroon Highlands . Meanwhile, the north receives little rainfall because it is relatively far from the Atlantic Ocean, and is affected by dry winds from the Sahara Desert , the hottest desert on Earth, which extends into Nigeria via Chad and Niger. Nigeria is largely characterized by a tropical climate . Among 234 countries, it ranks 41st in average yearly temperature, with 27.3 degrees Celsius (81.1 degrees Fahrenheit) recorded between 1991 and 2020 . While rising temperatures contribute to drought in northern regions, extreme rainfall can also cause devastating impacts on lives and property, particularly in the south. Although Nigeria does not rank among the 10 countries with the highest flood risk globally, its exposure remains significant, with flood risk scores ranging from 31.62 to 100.00 and flood exposure ranging from 40.97 to 100.00, according to World Risk Report estimates.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 34, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 195, "end": 209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Atlantic Ocean"}, {"start": 244, "end": 252, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 349, "end": 363, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Atlantic Ocean"}, {"start": 403, "end": 416, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sahara Desert"}, {"start": 467, "end": 474, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 479, "end": 483, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chad"}, {"start": 488, "end": 493, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 495, "end": 502, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 558, "end": 561, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "234"}, {"start": 598, "end": 604, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "yearly"}, {"start": 623, "end": 627, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27.3"}, {"start": 645, "end": 649, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "81.1"}, {"start": 687, "end": 691, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 696, "end": 700, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 883, "end": 890, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 915, "end": 917, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1051, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31.62 to 100.00"}, {"start": 1084, "end": 1099, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40.97 to 100.00"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1131, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "World Risk Report"}]}
{"unique_index": 20475, "source_text": "In 2025, Nigeria ranked 60th among 193 countries on the World Risk Index, a metrics report that showcases the intensity and frequency of environmental hazards such as flooding, earthquakes, tsunamis, coastal and river cyclones, droughts, and sea-level rise. While these are partly human-driven, they are also increasing due to the exacerbation of climate change. In 2024, Nigeria ranked 61st , indicating that the situation is worsening, both in disaster severity and official preparedness. While Nigeria does not face all the listed hazards, those that do affect the country often occur at extreme levels. Such hazards impact both individuals and the economy. Climate change and its adverse effects Climate change has far-reaching effects on human lives, which in turn affect living standards and economic productivity. In 2022, Nigeria recorded the third-highest internal displacement rate in Africa , primarily due to conflict and flooding. While environmental disasters are less common causes of internal migration, they remain significant in certain states. For instance, Northcentral and Northwest Nigeria accounted for seven percent of disaster-related migration .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 9, "end": 16, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 35, "end": 38, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "193"}, {"start": 56, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "World Risk Index"}, {"start": 366, "end": 370, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 372, "end": 379, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 438, "end": 442, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 497, "end": 504, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 824, "end": 828, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 830, "end": 837, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 895, "end": 901, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}]}
{"unique_index": 20476, "source_text": "Disaggregated data shows particularly high percentages in some states : Kogi (90 percent), Katsina (15 percent), Nasarawa (14 percent), Kano (12 percent), and Kaduna (12 percent). The climate crisis remains the largest driver of the increasing severity of natural disasters . Among these disasters, flooding is the most prominent in Nigeria. Climate disasters can also adversely affect people’s livelihoods. Having accounted for over 31 percent of the GDP in the third quarter of 2025, agriculture remains a critical part of Nigeria’s economy, and disruptions in human capacity and livelihoods directly affect output, food availability, and employment. The result is increased dependence on imports, declining living standards, and shrinking employment opportunities. Women are disproportionately affected because they constitute a significant percentage of Nigeria’s agricultural sector. A typical example is Kano State , a northern hub for trade and agriculture, known for producing groundnuts, millet, cowpeas, maize, sorghum, and rice. Flooding in 2024 caused damage to over 25 percent of the state’s expected agricultural output , and the disaster resulted in 26 deaths, 50 injuries, and the destruction of over 1,000 houses.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 78, "end": 80, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 100, "end": 102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 123, "end": 125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 142, "end": 144, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 167, "end": 169, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 219, "end": 225, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 333, "end": 340, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 434, "end": 436, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31"}, {"start": 469, "end": 476, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "quarter"}, {"start": 480, "end": 484, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 525, "end": 532, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 858, "end": 865, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 910, "end": 920, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kano State"}, {"start": 1052, "end": 1056, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1081, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 1165, "end": 1167, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26"}, {"start": 1176, "end": 1178, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 1217, "end": 1222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20477, "source_text": "Between June and September 2024, flooding across Nigeria led to 280 deaths , 2,504 injuries, 122,330 homes destroyed, 17,000 acres of farmland damaged, and approximately 641,500 people displaced. Other climate-related disasters in Nigeria include drought and heat waves , which are most severe in northern regions. The way forward Despite the tremendous negative impacts of the climate crisis, Nigerians are finding ways to mitigate its effects. Several innovative solutions have been adopted. For example, Green Quest , a gamification and community action approach founded by Grace James, empowers communities to address flooding through education, engagement, and sustainable practices. While the government is also stepping in with collaborative policies and infrastructure initiatives, more needs to be done to reduce risk and suffering. Innovation is crucial, and everyone’s personal engagement can collectively lead to substantial positive results. Findings by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) indicate that 2024 was the hottest year on record globally, based on analysis comparing data from 1850 to 2024.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 31, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June and September 2024"}, {"start": 49, "end": 56, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 64, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "280"}, {"start": 77, "end": 82, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,504"}, {"start": 93, "end": 100, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "122,330"}, {"start": 118, "end": 124, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17,000"}, {"start": 170, "end": 177, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "641,500"}, {"start": 231, "end": 238, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 446, "end": 453, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1018, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1850"}, {"start": 1106, "end": 1110, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20478, "source_text": "The report stated: Each of the last four decades has been successively warmer than any decade that preceded it since 1850. Human influence has warmed the climate at a rate that is unprecedented in at least the last 2,000 years. Several activities, such as increased gas flaring , oil spills , carbon emissions from transport vehicles, agricultural emissions , and others, have contributed to Nigeria’s changing climate. Sadly, intense solar radiation is something we often adapt to, but climate change, including its effects like flooding and drought, must be addressed if future generations are to avoid its extreme effects. Human activity has contributed significantly to the extreme effects of climate change, but humans also hold the power to implement solutions. All hands must be on deck to bring about the change we wish to see.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 48, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last four decades"}, {"start": 117, "end": 121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1850"}, {"start": 210, "end": 226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last 2,000 years"}, {"start": 228, "end": 235, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 392, "end": 399, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 20479, "source_text": "Hong Kong media tycoon Jimmy Lai receives a 20-year jail sentence\n\nThe Hong Kong High Court sentenced pro-democracy media tycoon Jimmy Lai, the founder of now-defunct Apple Daily, to 20 years on February 9, 2026, following his conviction on foreign collusion and sedition charges last December. Lai's case marks the harshest punishment among all prosecutions under the 2020 National Security Law, enacted by Beijing in Hong Kong. The city’s chief executive, John Lee, hailed the severe sentence as a manifestation of the rule of law, while Lai’s daughter, Claire Lai, described it as a “heartbreakingly cruel” sentence that would make her father “die a martyr behind bars.” Since Jimmy Lai is a British national, the UK Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper described, through a public statement , that the legal action against Lai was a “politically motivated prosecution” to “silence China’s critics” and stressed that the UK government will engage with the highest level of the Chinese government over Lai’s case. The U.S Congressional-Executive Commission on China urged for Jimmy Lai’s immediate release and compared the human rights conditions of Hong Kong to those of Myanmar and Venezuela, where arbitrary detention of political prisoners is commonly seen.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 65, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hong Kong media tycoon Jimmy Lai receives a 20-year jail sentence"}, {"start": 71, "end": 91, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hong Kong High Court"}, {"start": 129, "end": 138, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jimmy Lai"}, {"start": 144, "end": 151, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 155, "end": 158, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 167, "end": 172, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 173, "end": 178, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 183, "end": 191, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 195, "end": 211, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 9, 2026"}, {"start": 295, "end": 298, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 369, "end": 373, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 374, "end": 395, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Security Law"}, {"start": 419, "end": 428, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 441, "end": 456, "label": "JOB", "value": "chief executive"}, {"start": 540, "end": 543, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 556, "end": 566, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Claire Lai"}, {"start": 680, "end": 689, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jimmy Lai"}, {"start": 717, "end": 719, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 728, "end": 737, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary"}, {"start": 738, "end": 751, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yvette Cooper"}, {"start": 822, "end": 825, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 880, "end": 885, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 919, "end": 921, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1002, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1053, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "U.S Congressional-Executive Commission"}, {"start": 1057, "end": 1062, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 1073, "end": 1082, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jimmy Lai"}, {"start": 1147, "end": 1156, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 1169, "end": 1176, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 1181, "end": 1190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}]}
{"unique_index": 20480, "source_text": "International and human rights organizations also spoke out for Jimmy Lai. United Nations’ Human Rights Commissioner Volker Turk said the court’s verdict should be “quashed” as the allegations were “incompatible with international law.” The office stressed the conspiracy to foreign collusion charge “ risks capturing legitimate activities of civil society organizations and journalists, including engagement with international human rights mechanisms.” Elaine Pearson, Asia Director at Human Rights Watch, decried that, for the 78-year-old publisher, 20 years of imprisonment is effectively a death sentence. Lai will be over 95 if he serves his full jail term. Amnesty International’s Deputy Regional Director, Sarah Brooks, slammed the sentence as “a cold-blooded attack on freedom of expression,” while Jodie Ginsberg of the Committee to Protect Journalists described the court’s decision as “the final nail in the coffin for freedom of the press in Hong Kong.” China’s foreign ministry spokesperson Lin Jian stressed that Lai was a “key planner” in a series of anti-China and disruptive activities in Hong Kong, and that “there is no room for argument” over the court’s ruling.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 73, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jimmy Lai"}, {"start": 75, "end": 89, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 91, "end": 116, "label": "JOB", "value": "Human Rights Commissioner"}, {"start": 117, "end": 128, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Volker Turk"}, {"start": 375, "end": 386, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 454, "end": 468, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elaine Pearson"}, {"start": 470, "end": 474, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 475, "end": 483, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 487, "end": 505, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Watch"}, {"start": 529, "end": 540, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "78-year-old"}, {"start": 552, "end": 560, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 610, "end": 613, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 627, "end": 629, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "95"}, {"start": 663, "end": 684, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 687, "end": 711, "label": "JOB", "value": "Deputy Regional Director"}, {"start": 829, "end": 861, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Committee to Protect Journalists"}, {"start": 954, "end": 963, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 966, "end": 971, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 991, "end": 1003, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokesperson"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1012, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lin Jian"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1030, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1076, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 1106, "end": 1115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}]}
{"unique_index": 20481, "source_text": "Lai was arrested after the police’s raid on Apple Daily on August 10 2020, weeks after the National Security Law was enacted in Hong Kong following a series of massive protests in 2019 against the amendment of a law that allowed the extradition of criminal suspects to China. The publisher was formally charged with foreign collusion on December 11, 2020. A few months later, on June 17, 2021, the police raided the news outlet a second time and arrested five senior executives. On November 22, 2022, six senior executives of Apple Daily and its parent company, Next Digital, pleaded guilty to foreign collusion charges. Lai was accused of using his tabloid to lobby foreign governments to impose sanctions or other hostile acts upon China and Hong Kong. His published opinions served as evidence for inciting hatred against the authorities. His trial was adjourned multiple times as the city's Committee for Safeguarding National Security barred Timothy Owen, a UK lawyer, from defending Lai’s case. On December 15, 2025, Lai was found guilty of two counts of conspiring to collude with foreign forces and a third count of sedition under colonial-era legislation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 44, "end": 49, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 50, "end": 55, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 59, "end": 68, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 10"}, {"start": 69, "end": 73, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 91, "end": 112, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Security Law"}, {"start": 128, "end": 137, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 180, "end": 184, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 269, "end": 274, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 337, "end": 354, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 11, 2020"}, {"start": 358, "end": 374, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few months later"}, {"start": 379, "end": 392, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 17, 2021"}, {"start": 455, "end": 459, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 482, "end": 499, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 22, 2022"}, {"start": 501, "end": 504, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 526, "end": 531, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 532, "end": 537, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 621, "end": 624, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 734, "end": 739, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 744, "end": 753, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 895, "end": 939, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Committee for Safeguarding National Security"}, {"start": 947, "end": 959, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Timothy Owen"}, {"start": 963, "end": 965, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 966, "end": 972, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 989, "end": 992, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1021, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 15, 2025"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1026, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1050, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20482, "source_text": "The 78-year-old pro-democracy advocate has been in jail for more than five years since December 31, 2020, as he was first denied bail and then, while in custody, convicted of multiple charges over illegal assemblies and fraud. His lawyers pleaded for leniency , citing his age and health problems during a mitigation hearing on 12 January 2026. In a reasons-for-sentence document, the three designated judges for national security cases — Alex Lee, Esther Toh, and Susana Maria D’Almada Remedios — wrote that Lai was “no doubt the mastermind” of the conspiracies. They said that while an offender’s life expectancy, age, health, and prospect of dying behind bars were factors for consideration, they “had to be balanced against the gravity of the offence, and the public interest in seeing adequate punishment for serious crimes.” Commenting on the court's heavy sentencing, Steve Li, Chief Superintendent of the police’s National Security Department, said that Lai’s health issue was “exaggerated.” He stressed the court’s heavy sentence demonstrated the grave nature of his crime and told the reporters : Obviously, he [Lai] has done nothing good for Hong Kong that could serve as a basis for his mitigation… As for whether he will live out the rest of his years behind bars, none of us would know.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "78-year-old"}, {"start": 70, "end": 80, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years"}, {"start": 87, "end": 104, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 31, 2020"}, {"start": 231, "end": 238, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 328, "end": 343, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12 January 2026"}, {"start": 385, "end": 390, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 402, "end": 408, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 509, "end": 512, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 922, "end": 950, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Security Department"}, {"start": 962, "end": 965, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1104, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporters"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1125, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 1153, "end": 1162, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}]}
{"unique_index": 20483, "source_text": "But what I can say is that his sentence is certainly deserved. John Lee, the city's leader, described Lai’s crime as “ evil deeds were beyond measure,” adding that Lai used Apple Daily to “poison the minds” of Hong Kong citizens. He stressed that the 20-year sentence brought “great relief to all.” Among the eight co-defendants of Lai’s case, three of the ex-staff members (Ryan Law, former editor-in-chief of Apple Daily; Lam Man-chung, former executive editor-in-chief of Apple Daily; and Fung Wai-kong, former managing editor of Apple Daily’s English version), who did not testify in court, received 10-year sentences. The other three (publisher Cheung Kim-hung, former associate publisher Chan Pui-man, and editorial writer Yeung Ching-kee) received shorter sentences varying from 6 years and 9 months to 7 years and 3 months. Two other activists, Wayland Chan and Andy Li, who were involved in publishing “Stand with Hong Kong” advertisements on international news outlets, were jailed for 6 years and 3 months, and 7 years and 3 months, respectively.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 102, "end": 105, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 164, "end": 167, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 173, "end": 178, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 179, "end": 184, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 210, "end": 219, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 309, "end": 314, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 332, "end": 335, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lai"}, {"start": 375, "end": 383, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ryan Law"}, {"start": 392, "end": 407, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor-in-chief"}, {"start": 411, "end": 416, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 417, "end": 422, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 424, "end": 437, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lam Man-chung"}, {"start": 456, "end": 471, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor-in-chief"}, {"start": 475, "end": 480, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 481, "end": 486, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 492, "end": 505, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fung Wai-kong"}, {"start": 514, "end": 529, "label": "JOB", "value": "managing editor"}, {"start": 533, "end": 538, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Apple"}, {"start": 539, "end": 544, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 650, "end": 665, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cheung Kim-hung"}, {"start": 694, "end": 706, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chan Pui-man"}, {"start": 722, "end": 728, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 729, "end": 744, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yeung Ching-kee"}, {"start": 786, "end": 793, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6 years"}, {"start": 798, "end": 806, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9 months"}, {"start": 810, "end": 817, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7 years"}, {"start": 822, "end": 830, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3 months"}, {"start": 832, "end": 835, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 842, "end": 851, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 861, "end": 865, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chan"}, {"start": 923, "end": 932, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1003, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6 years"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1016, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3 months"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1029, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7 years"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1042, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3 months"}]}
{"unique_index": 20492, "source_text": "Women politicians face tech-facilitated violence in Uganda’s 2026 elections\n\nSince gaining independence from the UK in October 1962, Ugandan women have played a critical role in shaping politics and governance throughout the country. From Joyce Mpanga , who served as Minister of Women in Development from 1988 to 1989, to Winnie Byanyima , who played a critical role in framing the 1995 Ugandan Constitution , women have shaped the political and governance landscape in Uganda, paving the way for countless young girls and women. The 1995 Constitution introduced affirmative action. Article 21 of the Ugandan Constitution reserves one-third of local government seats and parliamentary positions for women, ensuring their active participation in the country’s decision-making processes. In January 2026, Uganda held its general elections, and several women ran as candidates. However, women campaigners have to worry about more than giving speeches and rallying voters — they also have to navigate online violence that manifested as deepfakes, AI-generated images, gendered disinformation, and harmful narratives that were weaponised to target Ugandan women politicians during this year’s election. Recent attacks on Ugandan women in politics Nawaya Gloria, a human rights lawyer, Global HIV advocate, and an aspiring youth Member of Parliament (MP) for the Central region in Uganda, found herself in an online battlefield of misogynistic attacks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Women politicians face tech-facilitated violence in Uganda’s 2026 elections"}, {"start": 113, "end": 115, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 119, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 1962"}, {"start": 239, "end": 251, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joyce Mpanga"}, {"start": 268, "end": 276, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 306, "end": 310, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1988"}, {"start": 314, "end": 318, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1989"}, {"start": 323, "end": 338, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Winnie Byanyima"}, {"start": 383, "end": 387, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1995"}, {"start": 471, "end": 477, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 535, "end": 539, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1995"}, {"start": 790, "end": 802, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 804, "end": 810, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 843, "end": 850, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 891, "end": 902, "label": "JOB", "value": "campaigners"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1169, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 1243, "end": 1256, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nawaya Gloria"}, {"start": 1260, "end": 1279, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights lawyer"}, {"start": 1324, "end": 1344, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Member of Parliament"}, {"start": 1346, "end": 1348, "label": "JOB", "value": "MP"}, {"start": 1376, "end": 1382, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}]}
{"unique_index": 20493, "source_text": "She tweeted about her intention to contest for the Youth MP seat: I am going to be the first HIV-positive living young person to represent Youth Voices in Parliament. Nawaya says that she was born with HIV through mother-to-child transmission and that when she was growing up, she was hopeless, but later used her story to champion the rights of persons living with HIV. This tweet, meant to inspire, was instead met with harsh comments and attacks from even “respected” people in Ugandan social circles. A former Vice Chancellor of Makerere University , the first and largest University in Uganda, quoted the tweet and said: This was promoting the narrative that young women seek parliamentary positions just to have sex with male members of parliament. Nawaya responded with a picture of herself saying, “I am sending a smile to Professor Vernacious Baramureeba , and I want to let you know that I am not going to parliament to sleep around but rather to create change…” In response, he doubled down on his attacks. “Nobody is stigmatizing you.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 57, "end": 59, "label": "JOB", "value": "MP"}, {"start": 167, "end": 173, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nawaya"}, {"start": 514, "end": 552, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Vice Chancellor of Makerere University"}, {"start": 591, "end": 597, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 755, "end": 761, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nawaya"}, {"start": 831, "end": 840, "label": "JOB", "value": "Professor"}, {"start": 841, "end": 863, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vernacious Baramureeba"}]}
{"unique_index": 20494, "source_text": "All we are saying is stop using your HIV status as a vote card. Youth should vote for you on merit.” Nawaya was not the only one targeted; One post insulted another woman politician from the National Unity Platform party, Joyce Bagala : “Meet Joyce Bagala, who chose susu over her party.” In this context, the primary meaning of the word “susu” in Luganda is “urine,” but it also suggests that she chose to sleep around and abandon her party. Another implied she was the mistress of the Democratic Front party leader , Mathias Mpuuga . It is Joyce’s right to back whoever she wants to back, and the violent attacks on her agency play into the patriarchal handbook that women are prostitutes because of the choices that they make. Yvonne Mpambara, who was an aspiring presidential candidate for the 2026 elections, also wrote about how she was harassed online: I faced online harassment where men constantly called me ‘the makeup president incapable of leading anyone’ … I was accused of being a Rwandan spy who was sleeping with (Rwandan) President Kagame and trying to destabilize the Ugandan government.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 101, "end": 107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nawaya"}, {"start": 125, "end": 128, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 139, "end": 142, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 171, "end": 181, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 191, "end": 214, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Unity Platform"}, {"start": 222, "end": 234, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joyce Bagala"}, {"start": 243, "end": 255, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joyce Bagala"}, {"start": 487, "end": 503, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Democratic Front"}, {"start": 504, "end": 516, "label": "JOB", "value": "party leader"}, {"start": 730, "end": 745, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yvonne Mpambara"}, {"start": 798, "end": 802, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 929, "end": 938, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1048, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}]}
{"unique_index": 20495, "source_text": "AI-generated deepfakes and disinformation An AI-generated image on TikTok claimed that Rebecca Alitwala Kadaga , the former speaker of the Ugandan parliament, had been airlifted to Aga Khan Hospital in Nairobi. This was a completely fake story, but most commentators wished the former speaker a quick recovery, without noticing that the photos were doctored. The former speaker responded to the rumors: The misogyny has been widespread across parties, even those that were seeking to dethrone the 40-year presidency of President Yoweri Museveni . AI-generated Deepfakes by opposition members about Anita Among , the current speaker of parliament, spreading “hate speech,” are circulating on TikTok. Additionally, National Unity Platform (NUP) supporters began attacking one of their own members who had defected to the breakaway party, the “Democratic Front.” YouTuber, Dean Lubowa Sava , reportedly said, “Joyce Bagala must give sex to NUP top boss who thinks she gave it to Matthias Mpuuga or else she should forget about NUP reconciliation.” Mpuuga is the founder of the Democratic Front. Technology is amplifying Gender Based Violence Violence against women has always existed in Uganda; technology has just amplified it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 67, "end": 73, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 181, "end": 198, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aga Khan Hospital"}, {"start": 519, "end": 528, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 529, "end": 544, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yoweri Museveni"}, {"start": 691, "end": 697, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 713, "end": 736, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Unity Platform"}, {"start": 738, "end": 741, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NUP"}, {"start": 841, "end": 857, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Democratic Front"}, {"start": 907, "end": 919, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joyce Bagala"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1066, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1090, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Democratic Front"}, {"start": 1184, "end": 1190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}]}
{"unique_index": 20496, "source_text": "A UN Women report mentioned that 95 percent of Ugandan women had experienced physical and/or sexual violence , according to the Ugandan Bureau of Statistics. The findings revealed that 49 percent of citizens say violence against women and girls is a common occurrence in their community. Meanwhile, 62 percent see domestic violence as a private matter to be resolved within the family rather than a criminal matter requiring the involvement of law enforcement. A majority, 54 percent, say it is likely that a woman who reports gender-based violence (GBV) to the authorities will be criticized, harassed, or shamed by others in the community. There is no specific law that is specific to tech-facilitated gender-based violence. While the law that is supposed to protect women online is the Computer Misuse Act 2011, before it was amended , it has instead been used to attack feminist dissenters like Stella Nyanzi. Therefore, as Uganda grapples with its political future, it is clear that women in Uganda have a long way to go in breaking barriers that hinder political participation, and that tech-facilitated violence against women is another tactic that serves to silence women.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 10, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Women"}, {"start": 33, "end": 35, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95"}, {"start": 128, "end": 156, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ugandan Bureau of Statistics"}, {"start": 185, "end": 187, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "49"}, {"start": 299, "end": 301, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "62"}, {"start": 473, "end": 475, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "54"}, {"start": 789, "end": 808, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Computer Misuse Act"}, {"start": 928, "end": 934, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1003, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}]}
{"unique_index": 20497, "source_text": "’A reading group produces conversation, surprise, challenge, emotional commitment‘: Reading in the AI Era\n\nTechnology and online life have changed reading habits and, sometimes, the immediacy screens provide has displaced printed books which are a slower and more selective space. Although it's true that digital access has increased the possibilities of reading, it's also true that it has broken up attention, and has make the act of reading compete with multiple simultaneous stimul i , that sometimes are more attractive Even so, fans of reading, whether on paper or on screens, still exist, and they look for spaces to share their love for reading and discuss what they read, aiming to expand their perspective and generate community. One of those spaces is Leamos (Let's read), a group that brings together friends, and sometimes friends we haven't met yet, to talk about books and good literature , to motivate their careers or reflect about their lives. We spoke with Benjamín Edwards , a specialist in marketing and the creator of Leamos, about this and other initiatives. Global Voices (GV): In a context where artificial intelligence (AI) offers immediate information and content. What spaces do you think deep reading occupies? Or reading, in general?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 105, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "’A reading group produces conversation, surprise, challenge, emotional commitment‘: Reading in the AI Era"}, {"start": 976, "end": 992, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Benjamín Edwards"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1007, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1036, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1095, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1099, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GV"}]}
{"unique_index": 20498, "source_text": "Benjamín Edwards (BE) : La lectura es un espacio donde el tiempo cronológico es reemplazado por otro, un tiempo mental que se entrega al ritmo de lo que se lee. La imaginación busca poner contexto, olores, colores, intenciones a un relato con sus personajes. Cuando es un texto de estudio, la mente se configura para comprender y ampliar los límites de conocimiento. En ambos casos, el tiempo cronológico es el gran perdedor y el mental el gran ganador. Benjamín Edwards (BE) : Reading is a space where chronological time is replaced by another one, a mental time that surrenders the rhythm of what's read. Imagination aims to put context, scents, colors, intentions to a narration with its characters. When it's an academic text, the brains get set up to understand and broaden the limits of knowledge. In both situations, chronological time is the big loser, and mental time, the big winner. GV: What does a reading group provide — conversations, shared interpretation — that no AI can replace? BE : La conversación, el aporte, la sorpresa, el desafío, el compromiso emocional.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Benjamín Edwards"}, {"start": 454, "end": 470, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Benjamín Edwards"}, {"start": 807, "end": 811, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20499, "source_text": "En esencia, un grupo humano tiene cualidades como la contención emocional. El grupo puede sentir entusiasmo, lo que incentiva la participación, o, también, aburrimiento, lo que obliga al moderador usar estrategias para reactivarlo. La IA puede simular o sintetizar, lo que es muy útil para el trabajo o satisfacer la curiosidad de corto plazo. Hay quienes usan su capacidad de simulación para hacerle preguntas personales sin exponerse a un comentario humano, algo que es parecido a hablar con un espejo. Un grupo humano como el club de lectura genera espacios donde se sincronizan pensamientos y conversaciones, donde existe solidaridad, donde proponen ideas que parecieran salir de un sombrero de mago. La IA no es capaz de hacerlo, por lo menos por ahora. BE : Conversation, contribution, surprise, challenge, emotional commitment. In short, a human group has qualities such as emotional restraint. The group can feel enthusiasm, which encourages participation, but also boredom, which forces the moderator to use strategies to reactivate it. AI can simulate or sum up, and that's very useful for a job or to satisfy short term curiosity.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20500, "source_text": "There are people who use their own simulation abilities to ask personal questions without exposing themselves to human comment, something similar to talking to a mirror. A human group, such as this reading group, creates spaces where thoughts and conversations are synchronized, where there is solidarity, a space to propose ideas that seem to come out of a magician hat. AI is unable to do that, at least, for now. GV: From your perspective as a marketing and advertising specialist, is reading still a key tool for critical thinking in the algorithm era in a world increasingly mediated by AI? BE : Sí, claro. Muchos indican que la clave en la IA a nivel de uso personal y cotidiano es el prompt , la instrucción en un texto expresado en lenguaje natural que describe la tarea que debe realizar una IA. Y puede ser cierto, alguien que sabe hacer preguntas es alguien que presenta pensamiento crítico. Pero esto no reemplaza la capacidad de trabajar una idea, desarrollarla, ponerla a prueba, y en ese proceso corregir, cambiar, replantear. La respuesta no es el único objetivo, el proceso de descubrimiento es igualmente importante.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 411, "end": 414, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 473, "end": 483, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}]}
{"unique_index": 20501, "source_text": "La IA, trabaja el desarrollo, nos aleja de nuestra idea, se convierte en “su idea”, entonces “esa” idea ya no es nuestra y nos la apropiamos, sin haber participado del proceso. La IA es una gran ayuda, pero no reemplaza nada de lo más profundo de nuestro potencial crítico y creativo, y si buscamos que lo reemplace, perdemos algo de nuestra humanidad. BE : Yes, sure. Many people note that the key to AI on personal use level is the prompt , the instruction in text expressed with natural language that describes the task an AI must do. And it can be true, someone who knows how to ask a question is someone with critical thinking. But that doesn't replace the ability to work on an idea, elaborating it, testing it, and in this process, correcting it, changing it, and raising it again. The answer is not the only goal; the process of discovery is just as important. AI works on development, it estranges us from our idea, which becomes “its idea,” and then “that” idea is not ours anymore, and we take it, without having being part of the process.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 369, "end": 373, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20502, "source_text": "AI is a lot of help, but it doesn't replace anything from the deepest of our critical and creative potential. And if we look to replace that potential, we lose a part of our humanity. GV: How did the idea of Leamos come up? BE : Soy lector desde hace mucho tiempo, leo y escribo. Resumo algunos libros en unas libretas y reflexiono sobre esos resúmenes. Siempre supe que hay muchos libros por leer. Los lectores no somos visibles, básicamente porque leer es una actividad solitaria. Existen clubes, sí, pero siempre centrados en un libro y los análisis y comentarios corren a su alrededor. Existe, además, el estigma de que existen lectores y lecturas sesudas y otros que son livianos. Un día en septiembre de 2024, escribí una invitación en LinkedIn a todos aquellos que les gusta leer, sin sesgos de estilos ni nada y propuse hacer un club. Ese día se armó el Club Leamos. BE : I'm a long-time reader; I read and write. I sum up some books in notepads and reflect about those summaries.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 710, "end": 714, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 742, "end": 750, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 862, "end": 873, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Club Leamos"}]}
{"unique_index": 20503, "source_text": "I always knew that there are many books to be read. We, readers, are not visible, basically because reading is a lonesome activity. There are clubs, yes, but always focused in one book, and analysis and comments revolve around that book. There also exists the stigma that there are sensible readers and sensible readings, and other light ones. Somewhere in September 2024, I wrote an invitation on LinkedIn for people who love reading, without style bias, and I proposed creating a club. That day Club Leamos was created. GV: What activities the group has? BE : El fundamento del club son sesiones semanales, no presenciales, en la que participan personas de cualquier país, normalmente en el rango de huso horario de Perú. En cada sesión, tres o cuatro participantes presentan un libro al resto de los asistentes y comentan, y tras hacer un resumen responden tres preguntas: de qué se trata, por qué te gustó el libro y por qué todos deberían leerlo. La clave, por lo tanto, es que la comunidad participa activamente en las presentaciones y los comentarios.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 33, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 176, "end": 179, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 357, "end": 371, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2024"}, {"start": 398, "end": 406, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 488, "end": 496, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "That day"}, {"start": 497, "end": 508, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Club Leamos"}]}
{"unique_index": 20504, "source_text": "También tenemos otras actividades que han ido surgiendo por iniciativa de los participantes: amigo secreto literario, reuniones presenciales en librerías y bares, visitas a lugares con historia literaria, etc. BE : The base of the club are weekly online sessions, where people from any country can participate, usually in Peru time. In each session, three or four participants present a book to the rest of participants, and, after a brief summary, they answer three questions: what's the book about, why did you like it and why should everybody read it? Therefore, the key is that the community participates actively in presentations and comments. We also have other activities that have emerged from the community members: literary secret friend (an event we had for Christmas similar to a secret Santa, but with books), real-life meetings in bookshops and cafés, visits to places with literary history, etc. GV: Tell us about the podcast La biblioteca imaginaria (The imaginary library). BE : Es una evolución natural, el podcast tiene un formato de conversación en el que participan dos invitados que elijo de entre los miembros del club.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 240, "end": 246, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weekly"}, {"start": 322, "end": 326, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Peru"}, {"start": 350, "end": 363, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three or four"}, {"start": 461, "end": 466, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 20505, "source_text": "Ellos presentan un libro y hablamos sobre eso y las relaciones que van emergiendo. BE : It's a natural evolution, the podcast has the format of a conversation in which two guests, who I choose from the club, participate. They present a book and we talk about it and the relationships that emerge from that. GV: What plans do you have for Leamos? BE : Me encantaría que creciera en Latinoamérica. Los lectores son sorprendentes, no solo en sus recomendaciones y aportes, sino en sus proposiciones para crear ideas que potencian la relación en la comunidad entre ellos y los libros. BE : I'd love for it to expand in Latin America. The readers are stunning, not only in what they suggest and recommend, but also in their proposals about creating ideas that enhance the relationship in the community, between them and the books. GV: If someone wants to join the group, what do they have to do? BE : Contactarme a través de mi perfil de LinkedIn . BE : Contact me via my profile on LinkedIn .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 168, "end": 171, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 615, "end": 628, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 933, "end": 941, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 978, "end": 986, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}]}
{"unique_index": 20506, "source_text": "The paradox of Bangladesh’s democratic rebirth: A critical analysis of the 2026 election’s promise and pitfalls\n\nOn February 12, 2026, Bangladesh held an election that many are calling a landmark democratic exercise , the first truly competitive vote the country has seen in nearly two decades. But beneath all the talk of a democratic fresh start and the restoration of electoral choice, there’s a tricky question lurking: what kind of democracy is this, really, and who gets to decide if it’s legitimate? As the results started coming in after the voting ended, the center-right Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)-led alliance pulled off a landslide victory , picking up at least 212 out of the 299 seats counted. The far-right Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami (BJI)-led alliance followed as the second-largest bloc with around 77 seats, while the National Citizen Party , started by leaders of the 2024 uprising, made its parliamentary debut with six seats. However, the BNP’s commanding victory with its two-thirds parliamentary majority raises fundamental questions not just about who won, but about what kind of democracy is actually taking shape.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 111, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The paradox of Bangladesh’s democratic rebirth: A critical analysis of the 2026 election’s promise and pitfalls"}, {"start": 116, "end": 133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12, 2026"}, {"start": 135, "end": 145, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 282, "end": 293, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades"}, {"start": 581, "end": 609, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 611, "end": 614, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 682, "end": 685, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "212"}, {"start": 697, "end": 700, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "299"}, {"start": 730, "end": 756, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"}, {"start": 824, "end": 826, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "77"}, {"start": 844, "end": 866, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizen Party"}, {"start": 895, "end": 899, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 944, "end": 947, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 968, "end": 971, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}]}
{"unique_index": 20507, "source_text": "It might be called a “ democracy of subtraction ” — an election that achieved procedural fairness partly by excluding the party that governed for the previous fifteen years, but creates a paradox at the heart of claims about democratic legitimacy. Participatory democracy restored: The numbers behind electoral engagement What unfolded across 42,779 polling centres that day was nothing less than a remarkable institutional achievement — a testament to coordinated state machinery, technological innovation, and the resilience of democratic aspirations in a nation long starved of genuine electoral choice. The night before the election, Chief Adviser of the Interim government Dr. Muhammad Yunus went on television and urged everyone to make February 12 the “ birthday of a new Bangladesh” , mentioning that it was the voters themselves who would write the country’s future. In what marked the largest security mobilisation in Bangladesh’s electoral history, nearly 970,948 security personnel from every branch of law enforcement and the armed forces were stationed at polling centres and strategic locations nationwide.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 150, "end": 172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous fifteen years"}, {"start": 343, "end": 349, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "42,779"}, {"start": 366, "end": 374, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that day"}, {"start": 638, "end": 651, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Adviser"}, {"start": 682, "end": 696, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muhammad Yunus"}, {"start": 743, "end": 754, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12"}, {"start": 779, "end": 789, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 928, "end": 938, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 967, "end": 974, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "970,948"}]}
{"unique_index": 20508, "source_text": "Every branch of the government’s security forces was involved, including over 100,000 from the army, around 5,000 from the navy, 3,730 air force personnel, more than 37,000 border guard troops, and close to 188,000 police officers. On top of that, 1,051 executive magistrates were empowered to conduct mobile courts, creating immediate legal consequences for violations rather than waiting for post-election adjudication. In about 25,700 of the 43,000 polling centers, police wore body cameras , creating visual documentation of what happened, which helped keep both officials and security personnel accountable in real time. With 127.7 million registered voters — including 64.8 million men, 62.9 million women, and 1,234 third-gender voters — this election represented one of the largest global democratic exercises of the year. Fifty registered political parties fielded 1,755 candidates, while 273 independent candidates also contested seats, providing voters with substantive choice. Among party nominees, 63 women candidates and 20 female independents participated. Voter turnout landed at 59.44 percent — not quite the 80 to 87 percent seen in truly competitive elections decades ago, but still a significant jump from the disputed 41.8 percent reported in 2024 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 78, "end": 85, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100,000"}, {"start": 108, "end": 113, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 129, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,730"}, {"start": 166, "end": 172, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "37,000"}, {"start": 207, "end": 214, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "188,000"}, {"start": 215, "end": 230, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officers"}, {"start": 248, "end": 253, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,051"}, {"start": 264, "end": 275, "label": "JOB", "value": "magistrates"}, {"start": 431, "end": 437, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25,700"}, {"start": 445, "end": 451, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "43,000"}, {"start": 562, "end": 566, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 631, "end": 644, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "127.7 million"}, {"start": 675, "end": 687, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "64.8 million"}, {"start": 693, "end": 705, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "62.9 million"}, {"start": 717, "end": 722, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,234"}, {"start": 831, "end": 836, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Fifty"}, {"start": 874, "end": 879, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,755"}, {"start": 898, "end": 901, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "273"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1013, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "63"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1037, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1101, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "59.44"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80 to 87"}, {"start": 1239, "end": 1243, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "41.8"}, {"start": 1264, "end": 1268, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20509, "source_text": "More importantly, it reflected real choice: people voted because they wanted to, not because they were persuaded or their ballots were fabricated. The competitive arena: A binary contest with meaningful stakes The contest itself came down to a straight fight between the BNP and a Jamaat-e-Islami-led coalition that included the student-founded National Citizens Party. Simple as this setup was, voters still had a clear choice between two very different visions for the country. Read More: The upcoming election will determine the future of Bangladesh’s democracy and reform agenda When the results rolled in, the BNP-led alliance didn’t just win — they won big, grabbing 212 seats and a solid two-thirds majority. The Jamaat-e-Islami alliance’s 77 seats represented the best electoral performance in Jamaat’s history , positioning them as the main opposition. Crucially, Jamaat Ameer Shafiqur Rahman demonstrated democratic maturity by gracefully conceding defeat , despite some objections. He mentioned that his party would “respect the results of the election, whatever they may be” and would not engage in obstructive opposition politics.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 271, "end": 274, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 345, "end": 368, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizens Party"}, {"start": 436, "end": 439, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 542, "end": 552, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 615, "end": 618, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 673, "end": 676, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "212"}, {"start": 747, "end": 749, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "77"}, {"start": 886, "end": 901, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shafiqur Rahman"}]}
{"unique_index": 20510, "source_text": "The arithmetic of victory: When two-thirds doesn’t tell the whole story To really understand why the BNP won so convincingly, you have to look beyond electoral dynamics to how the votes actually played out. Bangladesh uses a first-past-the-post system, meaning candidates need only win more votes than their nearest competitor, not an absolute majority. It’s a setup the country inherited from British colonial rule, and it tends to give the winning party a major boost while smaller parties with scattered support get left behind. As several analysts have noted, the final vote share will tell us a lot more about what really happened. In this kind of system, a party that pulls in 40 to 45 percent of the national vote can easily walk away with 65 to 70 percent of the seats if their support is efficiently distributed across constituencies. On the flip side, a party with 30 to 35 percent of the vote might end up with only 20 to 25 percent of the seats if their voters are geographically concentrated or spread too thinly.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 101, "end": 104, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 207, "end": 217, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 535, "end": 542, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 543, "end": 551, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 683, "end": 691, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40 to 45"}, {"start": 747, "end": 755, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "65 to 70"}, {"start": 875, "end": 883, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30 to 35"}, {"start": 927, "end": 935, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20 to 25"}]}
{"unique_index": 20511, "source_text": "So the BNP’s landslide in seats doesn’t necessarily mean they won every voter’s heart; it means they won where it counted. This mathematical reality means that the Jamaat-e-Islami alliance, despite achieving its best electoral performance in history , may have won a substantially larger share of popular support than its 77 seats suggest. If indeed the alliance captured 30-35 percent of the national vote as some projections indicate, it means millions of Bangladeshi voters supported parties that will exercise only limited influence in a parliament where the BNP commands two-thirds of seats. Read More: The social media battlefield: Political campaigns in Bangladesh’s national elections These voters’ preferences will shape parliamentary debates and opposition strategies, but they have little prospect of influencing actual policy outcomes when the governing coalition can pass any legislation, including constitutional amendments, without opposition support. The referendum dimension: Constitutional legitimacy through popular mandate The parallel referendum on the July National Charter added another layer of complexity and legitimacy to the electoral exercise.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 10, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 322, "end": 324, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "77"}, {"start": 372, "end": 377, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30-35"}, {"start": 446, "end": 454, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 563, "end": 566, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 661, "end": 671, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1095, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "July National Charter"}]}
{"unique_index": 20512, "source_text": "The charter proposed switching Bangladesh to a bicameral parliamentary system, putting two-term limits on future prime ministers, strengthening judicial independence, and building real checks on executive power. The reported 65.5 percent support for the Charter in unofficial results suggests that voters engaged substantively with questions about bicameral systems, term limits, and institutional safeguards rather than simply rubber-stamping proposals. The more revealing statistic might be the 34.5 percent who voted against constitutional reforms despite the overwhelming momentum in favour — a figure that likely represents hard-core opposition to the interim government’s entire project. By tying the election to bigger questions about how the country should be run, it turned the energy of the 2024 July uprising into actual plans on paper, instead of letting it fizzle out as revolutionary talk. The Jamaat paradox: Democratic inclusion of anti-democratic forces Here’s where things get complicated. One of the strangest outcomes of this election is Jamaat-e-Islami’s comeback. The party that opposed Bangladesh’s independence back in 1971 and was banned for years has now turned in its best performance ever, becoming the main parliamentary opposition .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 113, "end": 128, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime ministers"}, {"start": 225, "end": 229, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "65.5"}, {"start": 497, "end": 501, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34.5"}, {"start": 801, "end": 805, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1143, "end": 1147, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1971"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20513, "source_text": "The fact that Bangladesh let Jamaat back into the political fold while keeping out the Awami League — a party that played a vital role in the country’s 1971 independence movement, but was banned from elections following a 2024 student-led uprising that toppled Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina — appears to be an uneven accommodation that reflects the political mood of the moment more than any consistent democratic principle. With the Awami League barred from participating, Jamaat positioned itself as the main alternative for voters seeking a “new political force”. In a more inclusive electoral environment, Jamaat might have won substantially fewer seats; however, the particular circumstances of 2026 created opportunities the party exploited effectively. The road ahead With the referendum passed , big constitutional changes are expected to be on the way, though actually making it happen will require dedicated constitutional work. The fact that the BNP holding a two-thirds majority means the party will basically have the chance to write the rules however they want. However, the first-past-the-post system’s distortions suggest that the distribution of parliamentary seats may not accurately reflect the popular will of the voters.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 24, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 87, "end": 99, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 152, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1971"}, {"start": 222, "end": 226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 261, "end": 275, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 276, "end": 289, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 433, "end": 445, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 699, "end": 703, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 956, "end": 959, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}]}
{"unique_index": 20514, "source_text": "A rose by any other name? How one Trinidad Carnival band’s intimate gesture has sparked controversy\n\nAs Trinidad and Tobago Carnival continues to evolve, this year’s music has been paying homage to veterans of the Carnival arts. Several steelbands have chosen classic tunes as their Panorama pieces as opposed to new soca offerings, soca king Machel Montano’s road march bid, “ Encore ,” is a nod to mas designer extraordinaire Peter Minshall , Kes the Band has resurrected the concept of “Rum and Coca-Cola,” first written by Lord Invader as social commentary about World War II era Trinidad — a song made even more well known after The Andrews Sisters’ 1940s remake . Mical Teja has done “ Last Train ,” his own take on 1957’s calypso “ Last Train to San Fernando ,” and one of the most popular songs for the season, Full Blown’s “ Respectfully Yours ,” samples a bit of Crazy’s classic, “ Cold Sweat .” Yet, it is a decidedly more modern issue that is captivating the local blogosphere ahead of the national festival — the inclusion of an adult toy in the goody bags of a popular band’s women masqueraders.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 99, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A rose by any other name? How one Trinidad Carnival band’s intimate gesture has sparked controversy"}, {"start": 104, "end": 123, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad and Tobago"}, {"start": 154, "end": 163, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 229, "end": 236, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 338, "end": 342, "label": "JOB", "value": "king"}, {"start": 343, "end": 357, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Machel Montano"}, {"start": 404, "end": 412, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}, {"start": 584, "end": 592, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad"}, {"start": 655, "end": 660, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1940s"}, {"start": 722, "end": 726, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1957"}]}
{"unique_index": 20515, "source_text": "The move by Tribe to gift a rose to this demographic was reviewed in unboxing videos on social media and soon drew the attention of Roman Catholic Archbishop Jason Gordon, who criticised the move on the pulpit, saying it had “gone too far.” Stressing that guard rails need to be put in place to protect young people, he continued, “Just as I’ve asked the government to regulate social media for the sake of our children, if Tribe cannot pull back on its own, I think the government will have to regulate it.” Tribe’s band leader Dean Ackin told the Trinidad Express , “Carnival is about free­dom, expression, fun and a little mischief, and as pioneers of the modern mas experience, we’re always looking for ways to keep things fresh, playful and memorable.” With each side firmly in their corners, social media users soon began to weigh in. In a widely shared post, Facebook user Darryn Dinesh Boodan referenced an op-ed by the Trinidad and Tobago Guardian that “makes the argument that Tribe including a ‘Rose’ sex toy in an adults only goodie bag isn’t just a lapse in judgement, but a sign Carnival has become culturally hedonistic.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 158, "end": 170, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jason Gordon"}, {"start": 529, "end": 539, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dean Ackin"}, {"start": 549, "end": 557, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad"}, {"start": 866, "end": 874, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 928, "end": 947, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad and Tobago"}]}
{"unique_index": 20516, "source_text": "As someone who doesn’t participate in the festival, this surprised Boodan, as he thought “hedonism was the most fun part of Carnival and, frankly, the whole point.” Adding that the editorial “treats the Archbishop’s comments as a calm moral nudge,” Boodan drew people’s attention to the fact that Gordon “also floated the idea of state intervention if bands don’t ‘dial it back’” — a claim he categorised as “a clear warning shot: regulate yourselves, or we’ll invite the Government to regulate you.” In a piece for Wired868, Jessica Joseph made the point that Carnival — derived from the Latin “Carne Vale” or “Farewell to the Flesh” — “speaks to its original cultural function: a deliberate release of excess, desire, music, dance, food, and freedom before the restrictions of Lent […] Calling it mere ‘hedonism’ is reductionist when it has always been celebration with protest at its core.” In both African and Indian cultures, Joseph added , “Public joy is experienced through symbolic acts of reclaiming space, selfhood, pleasure and the playful blurring of what is sacred to pre-colonial culture and profane to the colonizers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 297, "end": 303, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gordon"}, {"start": 897, "end": 901, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 931, "end": 937, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joseph"}]}
{"unique_index": 20517, "source_text": "To pretend now that Carnival is meant to mirror church decorum is to misunderstand what Carnival has always been, even when it was strictly a Roman Catholic festival.” Far from being preoccupied with women’s masturbation habits, she went on , Trinbagonians were more concerned about everyday realities, including economic recession, unemployment, mental stress, violence, corruption and police brutality, not to mention “an entire ecosystem of unchecked sexual crimes particularly against little children (for which the RC Church plays a major role).” In that vein, several other netizens took issue with Archbishop Gordon speaking out on this topic, but remaining comparatively silent on other critical issues , including the recent killing of a young man by police that was caught on camera; his girlfriend was also shot and remains paralysed from the incident. Meanwhile, cultural activist Tillah Willah quipped , “I love how people think this is about sex (I mean, the mas has been a circle jerk for a good few years now, why shouldn't women get a happy ending???) and not about how capitalism — ie your unlimited access to resources determines how much airtime, attention and visibility your brand gets.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 14, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 520, "end": 529, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RC Church"}, {"start": 566, "end": 573, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 616, "end": 622, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gordon"}, {"start": 884, "end": 892, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 893, "end": 906, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tillah Willah"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1020, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few years"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1024, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20518, "source_text": "Outrage marketing is the most valuable type of attention these days and we know the many many ways that sex sells. Full marks for ingenuity and all the hand wringing and fake moral panic putting more millions in that bank.” Over at Wired868, Joseph agreed : “Many [bands] leverage female beauty, female sensuality, female freedom in their marketing promotion, leading to women contributing significantly to Carnival revenue. The more money that is generated the more elaborate their Carnival commodity becomes and yes, there is a serious discussion about capitalism, classism and cultural erasure to be had about this.” She also commented on the fact that the demographic of women who play mas with Tribe are “cognizant of The Orgasm Gap in heterosexual intercourse and unlike previous generations, aren’t going to meekly accept [it]. These women currently exist in an era where hook-up culture is officially dead and buried. They are living in the 4B Movement Era where partnered sex is not being generously handed out. Even the soca music reflects it. ‘Bad gyal doh need no man!’ [ sing ] Patrice and Nailah.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 84, "end": 93, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many many"}, {"start": 200, "end": 208, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 847, "end": 856, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 952, "end": 964, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Movement Era"}]}
{"unique_index": 20519, "source_text": "“Additionally,” she continued , “solo sexual activity carries no pregnancy risk, which also reduces abortions, and no STI transmission risk — and in a society such as ours rife with GBV in intimate partner relationships, solo sexual activity is also safer than partnered sex.” Gabrielle Hosein, senior lecturer at the Institute for Gender and Development Studies at the University of the West Indies’ St. Augustine Campus in Trinidad, added , “More than anything else, women are enjoying being women without men, enjoying their erotic power communally with other women. Multi-ethnic tens of thousands are in the streets nearly naked, drinking alcohol, being ribald with each other — and putting money on insisting they are safe from male sexual violence to do so […] The Archbishop is pitting women against traditional Carnival, despite this always being where women have sought sexual self-determination. He is making sexual playfulness a moral panic. He is opposing something that does not in any way lead to vulnerability to unwanted STIs, unplanned pregnancy, sexual coercion or unsafe sexual practices.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 302, "end": 310, "label": "JOB", "value": "lecturer"}, {"start": 318, "end": 362, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Institute for Gender and Development Studies"}, {"start": 425, "end": 433, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad"}, {"start": 591, "end": 600, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 20520, "source_text": "It is unclear who really is being harmed by women doing something they always have done — in and out of relationships, with or without men, with other women or by themselves, during or beyond Carnival time.” “To scold Carnival is easy,” suggested Bryan St. Louis in another Wired868 post. “To demand accountability from leaders is dangerous. And so, the sermon is directed at the people, never at the powerful. […] Real morality must carry thorns as well as petals. It must be willing to prick power, not just perfume the air with easy condemnations. Without that edge, it is nothing more than roses without thorns: fragile theatre, not morality but masquerade.” At the other end of the debate, Tricia Leacock, mother of a young masquerader, asked , “What gives you the right to purposefully plant ideas and concepts contra to the values that I choose to uphold in my household, under the guise of a surprise in a goody bag for a Carnival costume, especially without my consent! We need to call a spade a spade. This is absolutely unacceptable.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 695, "end": 709, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tricia Leacock"}]}
{"unique_index": 20521, "source_text": "Many Trini mothers are already struggling with the bath suits and beads instead of costumes. […] What exactly are parents supposed to be telling their children who received these ‘toys’ in their goody bags? What does this say about what is expected of our young women? […] This is not the Carnival we want, and this does not represent who we are!” The blog ChatterBox jumped in on the discussion to emphasise that “Skin does not equal sex. The gaze does. And it is usually the gaze of men […] The rose does not invent sexuality in Carnival. Sexuality has always existed within it. What the rose symbolises is something different: female pleasure centred, not merely female bodies displayed. That shift stings.” The post concluded , “You may dislike the choice. You may find it unnecessary. But to declare that it denigrates culture is to flatten centuries of complexity into a single anxious conclusion. Every rose has its thorns. The rose is not the rot. The thorns are the tension that reminds us culture is alive, argued over, evolving in real time. Carnival is art. Carnival is resistance. Carnival is commerce. Carnival is sensuality. Carnival is faith in dialogue with freedom.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20522, "source_text": "Nearly 200 people massacred by gunmen in Kaiama LGA, Nigeria\n\nThe residents of Woro and Nuku villages in Kaiama Local Government Area of Kwara State went to bed on the night of February 2nd, expecting the next day to be like any other. This was not the case. At 5 pm on February 3rd, gunmen carried out a deadly attack against their villages, terrorizing the community for nearly 24 hours, until 3 pm on February 4th. The gunmen killed about 200 villagers , abducted many others, looted shops, and razed numerous houses. According to an Amnesty International post on X : Villagers of the affected Kwara state communities are still searching and finding dead bodies, with hands tied from behind and slit throats. Some were shot while tied at the hands and feet. Gory images show corpses on the streets in pools of blood. Several people were also abducted. Nigerian President Bola Tinubu condemned the attacks via a press statement released by Special Adviser to the President, Bayo Onanuga. Officials identified the Boko Haram sect as the terror group behind the attack.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nearly 200 people massacred by gunmen in Kaiama LGA, Nigeria"}, {"start": 105, "end": 148, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kaiama Local Government Area of Kwara State"}, {"start": 177, "end": 189, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2nd"}, {"start": 205, "end": 213, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next day"}, {"start": 262, "end": 266, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "5 pm"}, {"start": 270, "end": 282, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 3rd"}, {"start": 380, "end": 388, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 hours"}, {"start": 396, "end": 400, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3 pm"}, {"start": 404, "end": 416, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 4th"}, {"start": 442, "end": 445, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 467, "end": 471, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 537, "end": 558, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 567, "end": 568, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 820, "end": 827, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 855, "end": 873, "label": "JOB", "value": "Nigerian President"}, {"start": 874, "end": 885, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bola Tinubu"}, {"start": 942, "end": 957, "label": "JOB", "value": "Special Adviser"}, {"start": 965, "end": 974, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 976, "end": 988, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bayo Onanuga"}]}
{"unique_index": 20523, "source_text": "While the Emir of Kaiama, Alhaji Muaza Sheu Omar (a traditional ruler in Kwara State, Nigeria), told the Kwara State governor that the attackers are followers of Mahmuda , a splinter group of the Boko Haram sect that emerged in North-central Nigeria last year. Followers of Mahmuda reportedly preach a fringe Islamic ideology and attack people who reject their doctrine. The deadly terror group is believed to be hiding out in the Kainji Lake National Park . According to reports , this group has been carrying out a series of deadly attacks against rural communities in Niger and Nigeria . There was a report that the leader of the group, Abubakar Abba Mahmuda , was arrested by Nigeria’s Department of State Service (DSS) in 2025. However, the arrest of their leader has not demoralized the group. Their recent attacks have shown that they are becoming bolder every day, and if the government does not provide adequate security, the group will overrun many communities in the region. Waves of killings across northwest and north-central Nigeria The attacks on villages and communities across Kwara State, and north-central Nigeria at large, have been going on for years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 24, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kaiama"}, {"start": 73, "end": 84, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kwara State"}, {"start": 86, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 105, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kwara State"}, {"start": 117, "end": 125, "label": "JOB", "value": "governor"}, {"start": 242, "end": 249, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 250, "end": 259, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 431, "end": 456, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kainji Lake National Park"}, {"start": 571, "end": 576, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 581, "end": 588, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 680, "end": 687, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 690, "end": 717, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department of State Service"}, {"start": 719, "end": 722, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DSS"}, {"start": 727, "end": 731, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 862, "end": 871, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 954, "end": 958, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1046, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1105, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kwara State"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1132, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 20524, "source_text": "Amnesty International published a report on a series of attacks and abductions that happened across the region in 2020. In 2025, Global Voices reported about the wave of attacks , kidnappings, and killings that communities in north-central Nigeria were facing. The wave of attacks has continued in 2026. Just on February 3rd, 2026, three deadly attacks happened in Nigeria. Aside from the Kaiama attack, suspected armed bandits killed 19 villagers in Doma town in Tafoki district of Faskari Local Government in Katsina State . Armed bandits also killed a police officer and four villagers at Abande Community in Kwande Local Government of Benue State on the same day. On January 18, 2026, a total of 163 worshippers were kidnapped during Sunday services from two churches in Kaduna state . Reason for the recent attack in Kaiama The governor of Kwara State, Alhaji Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq , in the company of service chiefs and government officials, paid a condolence visit to Woro on Thursday, February 5th. He said 75 Muslims were massacred because they rejected extremist ideology. In his statement at the palace of the Emir of Kaiama, the governor said: We are very sad.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 114, "end": 118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 123, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 129, "end": 142, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 240, "end": 247, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 298, "end": 302, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 312, "end": 330, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 3rd, 2026"}, {"start": 332, "end": 337, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 365, "end": 372, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 389, "end": 395, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kaiama"}, {"start": 435, "end": 437, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "19"}, {"start": 483, "end": 507, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Faskari Local Government"}, {"start": 511, "end": 524, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Katsina State"}, {"start": 555, "end": 569, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officer"}, {"start": 574, "end": 578, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 592, "end": 608, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Abande Community"}, {"start": 612, "end": 650, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kwande Local Government of Benue State"}, {"start": 654, "end": 666, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the same day"}, {"start": 671, "end": 687, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 18, 2026"}, {"start": 700, "end": 703, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "163"}, {"start": 738, "end": 744, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 759, "end": 762, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 822, "end": 828, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kaiama"}, {"start": 833, "end": 841, "label": "JOB", "value": "governor"}, {"start": 845, "end": 856, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kwara State"}, {"start": 984, "end": 992, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Thursday"}, {"start": 994, "end": 1006, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 5th"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kaiama"}, {"start": 1142, "end": 1150, "label": "JOB", "value": "governor"}]}
{"unique_index": 20525, "source_text": "We are here today to commiserate with your Royal Highness over the death of 75 of your subjects. May Allah grant them Al-jannah Firdaus. Your Emirate is versatile and from the information we have been getting, these victims were massacred because they refused to succumb to a strange Islamic doctrine… This is different from what we used to see, where subjects were being kidnapped for ransom. This was a pure massacre. We commiserate with you. The governor said the insecurity is difficult to tackle because it goes beyond Kwara state and stretches across communities around the Kainji National Park in Niger State . He promised to increase security in the area and appointed a seven-person committee to provide humanitarian support for the victims. Nigerian President Bola Ahmed Tinubu also ordered the deployment of an army battalion to Kaiama. According to a press statement released by the spokesperson to the president, Bayo Onanuga: It’s commendable that the community members, even though Muslims, refused to be conscripted into a weird belief that promoted violence over peace and dialogue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 17, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 76, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 449, "end": 457, "label": "JOB", "value": "governor"}, {"start": 580, "end": 600, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kainji National Park"}, {"start": 604, "end": 615, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger State"}, {"start": 751, "end": 769, "label": "JOB", "value": "Nigerian President"}, {"start": 770, "end": 787, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bola Ahmed Tinubu"}, {"start": 840, "end": 846, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kaiama"}, {"start": 895, "end": 907, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokesperson"}, {"start": 915, "end": 924, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 926, "end": 938, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bayo Onanuga"}]}
{"unique_index": 20526, "source_text": "Factors contributing to Nigeria’s security failure Security experts and human rights organizations have linked the cause of the attacks to porous borders, a reactive security approach, and the spillover of extremist groups. Amnesty International blamed the government for the “stunning security failure” in rural communities in the north. The human rights organization said its findings indicate that the terror group had been sending warning letters and pamphlets to the affected communities in Kaiama for over five months and as recently as two weeks ago. In their post on X page, they said the government has neglected rural communities, which has made them vulnerable to terror attacks. The organization urged the Nigerian authorities to effectively investigate the attacks and take additional actions to protect the lives of the people living in the area. Currently, the government is making efforts to provide support for the victims and restore calm and order to the area. The president has launched Operation Savanna Shield and commanded the new military command deployed to the area to “checkmate the barbaric terrorists and protect defenceless communities.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 24, "end": 31, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 224, "end": 245, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 496, "end": 502, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kaiama"}, {"start": 512, "end": 523, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five months"}, {"start": 543, "end": 556, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two weeks ago"}, {"start": 575, "end": 576, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 861, "end": 870, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}, {"start": 984, "end": 993, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}]}
{"unique_index": 20542, "source_text": "Community micro-hydropower plants revolutionise isolated areas of the Dominican Republic\n\nAccording to the 2022 World Small Hydropower Development Report (WSHPDR), the Dominican Republic ranks among Caribbean countries with 98 percent access to electricity in rural areas, leaving a two percent gap without supply. “Only Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti have large hydropower plants,” the report said, “while Grenada and Saint Lucia lack hydropower capacity altogether. In the remaining countries of the region, all existing hydropower capacity corresponds to small plants.” The DR in particular has an installed hydropower capacity of 623 megawatts. Many of the isolated areas in the DR receive electricity from community micro-hydropower plants, a model that has made the country a benchmark over the past 27 years. As part of the Luz de Agua programme , 48 projects are currently operational. Other state-supported projects based on the same model, but linked to different organisations, bring the total number of micro-hydropower plants in the country to just over 50 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Community micro-hydropower plants revolutionise isolated areas of the Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 107, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 112, "end": 153, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "World Small Hydropower Development Report"}, {"start": 155, "end": 161, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "WSHPDR"}, {"start": 168, "end": 186, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 199, "end": 208, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 224, "end": 226, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "98"}, {"start": 283, "end": 286, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 321, "end": 325, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 331, "end": 349, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 355, "end": 360, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 416, "end": 423, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Grenada"}, {"start": 428, "end": 439, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saint Lucia"}, {"start": 643, "end": 646, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "623"}, {"start": 810, "end": 823, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past 27 years"}, {"start": 840, "end": 851, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Luz de Agua"}, {"start": 864, "end": 866, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "48"}, {"start": 880, "end": 889, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1078, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}]}
{"unique_index": 20543, "source_text": "Luz de Agua, a development model aimed at providing electricity to communities difficult to reach by conventional power grids, has been in operation for nearly three decades, driven by communities in isolated mountainous areas. It emerged from the vision of U.S. engineer Jon Katz, who was in the DR in the late 1990s, with a focus on social and development support. From its inception, the Small Grants Programme (SGP) of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) has promoted the initiative, which the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) then globally implemented with the aim of providing financial and technical support to civil society and community projects to “conserve and restore the environment, improve livelihoods, and achieve global environmental benefits through local actions.” Although the project is carried out mainly in the eastern part of the island, some Haitian communities in border areas have also benefitted: electricity access for more than 22,000 people in over 5,000 households, a more than 60 percent decrease in energy expenses, and the absorption of more than 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide (CO₂) per year through the use of renewable energy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Luz de Agua"}, {"start": 160, "end": 173, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three decades"}, {"start": 258, "end": 262, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 263, "end": 271, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineer"}, {"start": 272, "end": 280, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jon Katz"}, {"start": 307, "end": 317, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1990s"}, {"start": 391, "end": 413, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Small Grants Programme"}, {"start": 415, "end": 418, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SGP"}, {"start": 500, "end": 536, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Development Programme"}, {"start": 538, "end": 542, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 971, "end": 977, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22,000"}, {"start": 993, "end": 998, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1025, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1101, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20544, "source_text": "This information is based on reporting by Guakía Ambiente , one of the organisations supporting the project. The first micro-hydropower plant to be successfully installed , in 1998, was the “El Limón Community Hydropower Plant” in the province of San José de Ocoa. Spearheaded by the El Limón Community Council, the plant has a capacity of 3.5 kilowatts (kW) and reaches 70 households in the area. Environmental sciences graduate Michela Izzo, who is the current executive director of Guakía Ambiente — the leading non-profit organisation involved in the programme — explained that El Limón residents coined the popular phrase “Luz de Agua” to describe how, from a small water source, they finally managed to access an electricity supply. Izzo joined the project in 2006 as head of practical feasibility studies, a role she held until 2019. “Everything started as a pilot, something new that no one had really worked on, especially at the community level here in the country. [T]here were other micro-hydropower experiences, but they were developed directly by companies or by the state, without direct involvement from local residents,” she explained.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 176, "end": 180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1998"}, {"start": 191, "end": 226, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "El Limón Community Hydropower Plant"}, {"start": 247, "end": 263, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "San José de Ocoa"}, {"start": 284, "end": 310, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "El Limón Community Council"}, {"start": 340, "end": 343, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.5"}, {"start": 371, "end": 373, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 430, "end": 442, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michela Izzo"}, {"start": 463, "end": 481, "label": "JOB", "value": "executive director"}, {"start": 628, "end": 639, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Luz de Agua"}, {"start": 739, "end": 743, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izzo"}, {"start": 766, "end": 770, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}, {"start": 835, "end": 839, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}]}
{"unique_index": 20545, "source_text": "“From the first plant, similar areas began to be identified, and from there emerged the survey of another 30 or 35 rural communities across the country, where water sources with the potential to meet the energy needs of the communities were preliminarily identified.” According to Izzo, there are currently 10 projects in the execution phase, with progress ranging from 35 to 90 percent. Over time, the micro-hydropower plants of Tres Cruces, Pescado Bobo, Palma Herrada, La Vereda, Los Lirios, Los Mangos, and La Lomita were connected to the national power grid as a complementary source of generation to address reductions in water flow, especially during periods of extreme drought. The model represents more than local growth: it promotes territorial development and protection by preventing indiscriminate exploitation. In addition, it encourages the decentralisation of electricity generation away from the conventional fossil-fuel–based regime and diversifies the management of generation sources within the framework of national energy security. “The value of these projects,” concluded Izzo, “is associated with a different model of natural resource use, and represents a boost to sustainability.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 106, "end": 114, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30 or 35"}, {"start": 281, "end": 285, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izzo"}, {"start": 297, "end": 306, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 307, "end": 309, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 370, "end": 378, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35 to 90"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1099, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izzo"}]}
{"unique_index": 20546, "source_text": "It is truly a great asset that the Dominican Republic can offer to the world, and for this reason it has become a global benchmark for this type of community-based model, fostering exchanges with several Latin American countries such as Colombia, Haiti, Mexico, and Venezuela, which have sought to learn more about this model of community management that has endured and demonstrated sustainability for more than 20 years.” One of the challenges resulting from climate change is drought, which has become more intense and prolonged and directly impacts micro-hydropower plants. Because the operation of these structures depends on the water sources where they are installed, some — after periods of drought — are only operated during wet seasons. For such systems, hybrid generation solutions are currently being implemented to complement micro-hydropower production and ensure continuity of service. What makes micro-hydropower plants different from large-scale projects? Hydropower transforms water’s kinetic energy into electrical energy by taking advantage of the fall of water — the height difference between two points — to generate movement. “The fundamental mechanism of any hydropower plant,” Izzo explained, “[is that] moving water drives a turbine, similar in principle to a bicycle dynamo.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 35, "end": 53, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 196, "end": 203, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 237, "end": 245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 247, "end": 252, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 254, "end": 260, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 266, "end": 275, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 413, "end": 421, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 797, "end": 806, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1117, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1202, "end": 1206, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izzo"}]}
{"unique_index": 20547, "source_text": "This turbine spins a generator containing a coil within a magnetic field; as it rotates, an electric current is produced.” For the system to function, you need a constant water flow and a sufficient elevation difference between the intake point and the turbine installation point. In the specific case of a micro-hydropower plant, Izzo noted, the kind of “high negative environmental impacts usually associated with large hydropower plants” is not observed, since the power levels are usually below 500 kW. Additionally, no dams are built, thereby avoiding flooding. “In micro-hydropower plants, only a portion of the available river water is diverted and channeled, using only a percentage of the flow, while maintaining an ecological flow that allows the water source to remain alive. The same water is returned to the source after passing through the turbine, at a distance not exceeding 2.5 kilometres from the intake point.” The average duration of the construction process — which can take up to six years — depends largely on economic factors, equipment availability, technical training and, of course, the willingness of the local community.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 331, "end": 335, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izzo"}, {"start": 499, "end": 502, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 891, "end": 894, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.5"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1011, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20548, "source_text": "Micro-hydropower plants in the Dominican Republic serve from as few as five families to more than 280. The Arroyo Frío Hydropower Plant, for example, supplies the communities of El Arraiján, La Ciénaga, and Arroyo Frío, all located in the La Vega province. Investment costs can also vary significantly, ranging from USD 13,800 to 1,350,000, while generation equipment expenses range from USD 3,600 to 180,000, according to data reported by Guakía Ambiente. Eighty-five percent of the total 48 installed hydropower plants are currently in operation, some with more than 25 years of service, and are fully managed by local communities. Before micro-hydropower plants became operational, some families used other energy sources, like fossil fuel-based generators or solar panels. “In the communities where we work,” Izzo stated, “we establish a baseline at the beginning, and really, very few families have generators. In the less poor communities, there may be one or perhaps two, and they are usually turned on only once a week to wash clothes using a washing machine, but this is not common, since poverty levels are very high.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 64, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 71, "end": 75, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 98, "end": 101, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "280"}, {"start": 320, "end": 339, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13,800 to 1,350,000"}, {"start": 392, "end": 408, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,600 to 180,000"}, {"start": 457, "end": 468, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Eighty-five"}, {"start": 490, "end": 492, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "48"}, {"start": 525, "end": 534, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 569, "end": 577, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25 years"}, {"start": 813, "end": 817, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izzo"}, {"start": 886, "end": 889, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 959, "end": 962, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20549, "source_text": "Complementary photovoltaic systems as drought alternatives In instances where droughts affecting water sources prevent the use of micro-hydropower plants, complementary photovoltaic systems can generate solar energy. This is especially useful when, because of climatic conditions, the use of existing plants is not possible. Among the communities with photovoltaic systems under construction are Vuelta Larga in María Trinidad Sánchez province, Fondo Grande in Dajabón, El Jengibre in Santiago Rodríguez, and Los Naranjales in Peravia. A collaboration between the Ministry of Finance and Economy (MHE) and the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) is currently looking at the implementation of solar photovoltaic systems in at least eight communities in Elías Piña province, where conditions do not allow for the installation of hydropower plants. While there are currently no community wind projects in train, Izzo acknowledged the potential of wind and other renewables as supply sources. “Essentially,” she explained, “this is a model based on empowering local communities — working with people, ensuring they are part of the process, involved at every stage, assuming responsibilities, contributing labour and their own resources, and ultimately retaining the capacity to manage the system both administratively and technically.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 418, "end": 426, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad"}, {"start": 564, "end": 595, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Finance and Economy"}, {"start": 597, "end": 600, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MHE"}, {"start": 610, "end": 638, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Energy and Mines"}, {"start": 640, "end": 643, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MEM"}, {"start": 648, "end": 657, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 730, "end": 735, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 861, "end": 870, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 908, "end": 912, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Izzo"}]}
{"unique_index": 20550, "source_text": "As for the continuation of this line of renewable generation and distribution, there is the possibility that, following the gradual expansion of the national electricity grid, once-isolated communities would be able to interconnect their existing systems to the national grid using a bidirectional meter. Not only would this allow them to receive electricity even when there is insufficient water, but they could also sell surplus electricity to the grid. The community energy transition of El Palero The El Palero Community Hydropower Plant , inaugurated on December 14, 2023, supplies energy to the predominantly agricultural communities of El Palero, Auqueyes, La Sierrecita, Cenoví, and La Cabirma, in Santiago Rodríguez province. The Council for the Community Development of El Palero (CODECOPA), which is responsible for the micro-hydropower plant, supplies electricity to 180 households, rural micro-enterprises, a school, a church, and public lighting. Built by residents over the course of a decade, the plant is part of the Luz de Agua programme that, despite economic limitations, allowed them to remain in their community, motivated by family roots, love for their inherited land, and the desire for local development.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 491, "end": 541, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "El Palero The El Palero Community Hydropower Plant"}, {"start": 559, "end": 576, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 14, 2023"}, {"start": 755, "end": 789, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Community Development of El Palero"}, {"start": 791, "end": 799, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CODECOPA"}, {"start": 879, "end": 882, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "180"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1045, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Luz de Agua"}]}
{"unique_index": 20551, "source_text": "Despite poor infrastructure, limited basic services, and scarce economic resources, access to electricity has helped the community achieve significant progress. Among the most urgent needs are improvements to the water supply system, the construction of a polyclinic, and the definitive repair of the road, as trips to health centres are long and dangerous. Guakia Ambiente reported that the total cost for the construction of this particular plant was RD 84,767,311.40 (USD 1,353,037.18). Elvin Collado, one of the plant’s key maintenance technicians, said that residents contributed sweat equity to the project. Registration for each family wishing to participate was RD 1,000 (USD 15.96) and a monthly fee of RD 100 (US 1.60). In addition, each family contributed at least 180 days of unskilled labour, ultimately worth RD 20,659,271.99 (USD 329,758.75). Other private and public entities contributed financially to the project, to the tune of RD 64,108,039.41 (USD 1,023,278.43). These funds went towards the purchase of pipes, installation of electrical networks, and domestic installations by the state, which, according to Collado, took up to two years to cover only some parts of the community.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 456, "end": 469, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "84,767,311.40"}, {"start": 475, "end": 487, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,353,037.18"}, {"start": 673, "end": 678, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 684, "end": 689, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15.96"}, {"start": 697, "end": 704, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 715, "end": 718, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 720, "end": 722, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 723, "end": 727, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.60"}, {"start": 776, "end": 784, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "180 days"}, {"start": 826, "end": 839, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,659,271.99"}, {"start": 845, "end": 855, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "329,758.75"}, {"start": 950, "end": 963, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "64,108,039.41"}, {"start": 969, "end": 981, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,023,278.43"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1137, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Collado"}, {"start": 1150, "end": 1159, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20552, "source_text": "CODECOPA then took on the responsibility of properly managing the system and respecting usage regulations, so that future energy demands can be met according to installed capacity. On the other hand, some families chose not to participate and to this day, remain disconnected from the energy provided by the micro-hydropower plant. Based on the approved usage regulations, these families have the possibility of benefiting if, after requesting it, they pay the established amount through a payment agreement signed with both the hydropower committee and the community organisation. The established payment tariff for each family’s energy use, which extends to domestic, educational and other productive activities as well as public lighting, ranges from RD 400.00 (USD 6.38) to RD 700.00 (USD 11.17) per month. For tourism establishments, this may increase to RD 1,500.00 (US D 23.94) per month. According to Collado, the condition for obtaining energy was labour. “Anyone who wants electricity must work,” he stated. Recounting how difficult it was for the community to carry pipes uphill, transporting them in parts and by hand through the mountains, the community needed as many hands on deck as possible.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 246, "end": 254, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this day"}, {"start": 520, "end": 524, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 757, "end": 763, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400.00"}, {"start": 769, "end": 773, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6.38"}, {"start": 781, "end": 787, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "700.00"}, {"start": 793, "end": 798, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11.17"}, {"start": 863, "end": 871, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,500.00"}, {"start": 873, "end": 875, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 878, "end": 883, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23.94"}, {"start": 909, "end": 916, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Collado"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1181, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20553, "source_text": "Access to the communities is via a paved road up to the La Leonor sector, followed by a stone pavement from there onward; a dense network of rural paths — traversable on foot or on animals — connects other settlements on both sides of the country’s central mountain range. Each household was equipped with a wiring and distribution network system tailored to its specific needs, ensuring safe and reliable energy use, with a 4- or 6-amp breaker depending on individual requirements. The micro-hydropower system allows the community to have electricity 24 hours a day, significantly facilitating household tasks, with particular benefits for women. It also enables food refrigeration, keeps appliances operating, and expands access to resources such as the internet, enhancing educational development. A small team of community technicians oversees plant operations, and the communities have been trained in efficient energy use and various environmental topics, such as climate change, natural resource management, reforestation, and watershed management, strengthening their scientific knowledge of the environment and contributing to the reduction of climate risks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 221, "end": 225, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 552, "end": 560, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 20554, "source_text": "Cambodian police arrest journalist for reporting on online scam center\n\nOnline journalist Hem Vanna was arrested on February 3 after posting a video report on an alleged scam compound in Cambodia. His arrest highlighted the growing number of journalists facing harassment for reporting on online scam centers in the country and the government’s crackdown efforts. Scam centers are a well-established problem in Cambodia as organized crime networks create illegal scam offices and kidnap people — often migrant workers who they lure to the country under false promises of job opportunities — and force them to conduct elaborate online scams. The operations are especially insidious as they victimize both the scam targets and those who are forced to work as slaves under threat of torture or death. Cambodian officials have been working to crack down on the practice since it began attracting international attention in 2021 . On January 30, Hem Vanna, a publisher behind HVNN TV Online , posted a video report on a suspected online scam compound located near a police station in Poipet. Officials summoned him to the Poipet police station on February 3rd and accused him of “attempting to tarnish the reputation of the institution.” In an interview with Kiripost news, Khun Dim, a colleague of Vanna, narrated their experience at the station.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cambodian police arrest journalist for reporting on online scam center"}, {"start": 79, "end": 89, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 90, "end": 99, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hem Vanna"}, {"start": 116, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 3"}, {"start": 187, "end": 195, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 242, "end": 253, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 411, "end": 419, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 699, "end": 703, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 919, "end": 923, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 929, "end": 939, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 30"}, {"start": 941, "end": 950, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hem Vanna"}, {"start": 1142, "end": 1154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 3rd"}, {"start": 1254, "end": 1262, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kiripost"}, {"start": 1294, "end": 1299, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vanna"}]}
{"unique_index": 20555, "source_text": "“We went together, and they accused us of our published reporting. They said we reported inaccuracies, saying that the building is not 100 meters but 700 meters away from the military police station,” he said. Before his arrest, Vanna appealed to authorities not to threaten journalists, asserting that they serve as “a mirror of society” connecting leaders and citizens. Vanna was charged under Articles 301 and 495 of the Cambodian penal code, which criminalize intercepting or recording private conversations and incitement. If convicted, he faces a maximum sentence of three years in prison. Several civil society organizations signed a statement condemning Vanna’s arrest. The arrest and charging of this journalist is yet another incident that demonstrates the government’s tendency to silence members of the press through the misuse of criminal law. Authorities could have sought clarification or requested a correction, if necessary, through lawful and proportionate means under the Press Law. Am Sam Ath, operational director of the Cambodian human rights group Licadho , bemoaned the weaponization of laws to intimidate journalists. “If we look at the space for press freedom, it seems to be shrinking, especially since Cambodia has a press law, but they don’t seem to prioritize using this law for journalists,” he said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 135, "end": 138, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 150, "end": 153, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "700"}, {"start": 229, "end": 234, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vanna"}, {"start": 275, "end": 286, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 372, "end": 377, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vanna"}, {"start": 573, "end": 584, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}, {"start": 596, "end": 603, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 662, "end": 667, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vanna"}, {"start": 710, "end": 720, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 991, "end": 1000, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Press Law"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1012, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Am Sam Ath"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1034, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1078, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Licadho"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1141, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1230, "end": 1238, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 1309, "end": 1320, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20556, "source_text": "According to media watchdogs, five Cambodian journalists were arrested in 2025 in connection with their reporting. In the past two months alone, six journalists were arrested and charged with criminal offences for their reporting on escalating tensions at the Thailand-Cambodia border and suspected online scam compounds. Thousands of Cambodian and foreign individuals have been rescued after being forced to work at alleged online scam centers across the country. The Cambodian government has vowed to conduct more raids and arrests to save migrant workers and stop the proliferation of the scam centers suspected of having ties with organized criminal networks. The arrest of Vanna and the targeting of journalists reporting on the scam center issue drew concern from global media groups. Shawn Crispin, senior Southeast Asia representative of the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), urged authorities to focus on addressing cybercrime rather than policing those who draw attention to it. Hem Vanna’s arrest is a clear act of retaliation for reporting on Cambodia’s cyberscam industry. Journalism is not a crime, but cyberscamming is. Authorities must stop using vague criminal laws to silence critical reporting on an issue of national and global importance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 30, "end": 34, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 45, "end": 56, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 74, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 122, "end": 137, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past two months"}, {"start": 145, "end": 148, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 149, "end": 160, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 260, "end": 268, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 269, "end": 277, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 322, "end": 331, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Thousands"}, {"start": 678, "end": 683, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vanna"}, {"start": 705, "end": 716, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 791, "end": 804, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shawn Crispin"}, {"start": 813, "end": 827, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 828, "end": 842, "label": "JOB", "value": "representative"}, {"start": 850, "end": 882, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Committee to Protect Journalists"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1004, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hem Vanna"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1069, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20557, "source_text": "Cédric Alviani, Asia-Pacific bureau director of Reporters Without Borders (RSF), said authorities should not silence journalists reporting on public interest issues. Journalist Hem Vanna simply did his job by exposing acts of violence and the existence of a cyber-scam compound. His reporting is clearly in the public interest, and it is shocking that the authorities are trying to silence him. Sebastian Strangio, Southeast Asia editor of The Diplomat online magazine, wrote that authorities should welcome media scrutiny of online scam centers if they wanted the crackdown to succeed. Given the credible allegations of elite collusion with Cambodia-based scam syndicates, and several years of ineffectual crackdowns, it is natural — indeed, necessary — to question the nature and extent of the current anti-scam campaign. The same is true of the government’s treatment of the press. If the scam crackdown was genuine, the government would presumably welcome unbiased media coverage. Its apparent allergy to scrutiny invites suspicions that the current crackdown may not be all as it seems. On February 11, human rights group ADHOC submitted an intervention letter to the Banteay Meanchey Provincial Court requesting it to intervene in the release of journalist Vanna.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cédric Alviani"}, {"start": 16, "end": 20, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 21, "end": 28, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 36, "end": 44, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 48, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reporters Without Borders"}, {"start": 117, "end": 128, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 166, "end": 176, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalist"}, {"start": 177, "end": 186, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hem Vanna"}, {"start": 395, "end": 413, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sebastian Strangio"}, {"start": 415, "end": 429, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 430, "end": 436, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 440, "end": 452, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Diplomat"}, {"start": 642, "end": 650, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 678, "end": 691, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several years"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1106, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 11"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1132, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ADHOC"}, {"start": 1173, "end": 1206, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Banteay Meanchey Provincial Court"}, {"start": 1252, "end": 1262, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1263, "end": 1268, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vanna"}]}
{"unique_index": 20563, "source_text": "Iran’s digital prison was built with the help of Russians\n\nIran’s protests of December 2025 into January 2026, the longest in the country’s history of internet shutdowns, have shown the world how authoritarian countries are prepared to enforce their own concept of “digital sovereignty.” According to Mikhail Klimarev , who heads the NGO For Internet Freedom, when the internet gets shut down by those in power for such a long time, there are usually rivers of blood already flowing through the streets. While the exact number of Iranian citizens who have become victims at the hand of their own government remains unknown, sources like UN Special Rapporteur Mai Sato suggest it is at least 5,000, but could be as many as 20,000. As earlier reported by Global Voices , as the protests grew, Iranian authorities imposed a total internet shutdown on January 8, which NetBlocks confirmed as a near-complete collapse of connectivity that affected mobile networks, fixed-line services, and international gateways. This continued for several days until limited access began returning on January 23. Iran Insight reports that as of February 23, despite the absence of a comprehensive ban, access to major platforms remains restricted.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 57, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Iran’s digital prison was built with the help of Russians"}, {"start": 59, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 78, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 97, "end": 109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 301, "end": 317, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mikhail Klimarev"}, {"start": 637, "end": 639, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 691, "end": 696, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 714, "end": 718, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 722, "end": 728, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,000"}, {"start": 753, "end": 766, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 848, "end": 857, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 8"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1040, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several days"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1091, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 23"}, {"start": 1093, "end": 1097, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1136, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 23"}]}
{"unique_index": 20564, "source_text": "Most users, the publication claims, are now relying on virtual private networks (VPNs). Meta’s messenger WhatsApp, which had previously been accessible, has also faced restrictions ; at the same time, the government continues to expand policies granting limited access to selected users. Iranian digital rights organization Filter Watch confirmed that Iranian authorities have switched to a “white-listed model” — a system whereby the global internet is blocked by default and only resources included in “white lists” are accessible. Foreign Policy’s analysis , printed on January 14, reports a significant Russian influence in the Iranian shutdown — specifically, that Russia helped Iran to deploy strategically managed connectivity. Vis email correspondence with Global Voices, Miaan Group ’s Director of Digital Rights and Security Amir Rashidi explained, “Previously, during internet shutdowns, the creation of whitelist mechanisms was mostly implemented at the service level. For example, certain SIM cards were whitelisted and not subject to censorship, or specific news and non-news websites were granted connectivity. But now we are witnessing whitelisting being enforced at the infrastructure level as well.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 43, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 88, "end": 92, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 105, "end": 113, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 324, "end": 336, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Filter Watch"}, {"start": 573, "end": 583, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 14"}, {"start": 670, "end": 676, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 684, "end": 688, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 765, "end": 778, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 780, "end": 791, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Miaan Group"}, {"start": 795, "end": 834, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director of Digital Rights and Security"}, {"start": 835, "end": 847, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amir Rashidi"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20565, "source_text": "As you can see, we are still not fully connected to the internet, and the limited inbound and outbound traffic is entirely the result of infrastructure-level whitelisting.” This more sophisticated internet censorship system relies on DPI inspection packages, a technology that Russia began to slowly introduce at the start of 2020. Foreign Policy and other media outlets claim that at the core of this system in Iran is Russian-assisted network control architecture built around DPI, which allows identification and censorship not only by specific applications, but also by the type of traffic — for example, blocking all messengers and all video streaming traffic. The publication adds that Protei , with a head office in Jordan but roots in St.Petersburg, Russia , has supported Iran’s efforts in introducing interception, monitoring, and traffic management systems, and integrating DPI into the network architecture. It was not made clear exactly how Protei assisted the Iranian authorities, whether by supplying the hardware necessary for the system to function, training locals in internet censorship, or something else entirely. Global Voices found documentation available for download on Protei’s domestic website, which describes in detail the DPI platform software the company has offered since 2020.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 277, "end": 283, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 326, "end": 330, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 412, "end": 416, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 692, "end": 698, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 723, "end": 729, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jordan"}, {"start": 743, "end": 756, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "St.Petersburg"}, {"start": 758, "end": 764, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 781, "end": 785, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 954, "end": 960, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1148, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1195, "end": 1201, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 1304, "end": 1308, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}]}
{"unique_index": 20566, "source_text": "It is widely known that previously, Russia had to use other commercial vendors, such as Sandvine , which after Bloomberg’s 2020 investigation into the Belarusian government’s internet blocking during the 2020 protests — and the agency’s 2022 investigation into sales of DPI solutions to Russia — was blacklisted by U.S. authorities. The company was only recently removed from the blacklist. However, according to the openly available documentation , Protei’s own domestic DPI platform can provide a perfect censorship mechanism. The PDF provided states: “The PROTEI DPI system provides extensive capabilities that can be used to implement network-level censorship and traffic control. By performing deep packet inspection at the application layer, the platform can identify specific services and protocols (such as messaging, file sharing, VoIP, gaming and others) and selectively block, throttle, or prioritize them.” It continued: “It supports URL and domain blacklisting and whitelisting, including scheduling at what time of the day they need to be implemented. It also enables operators to deny access to designated websites or allow only approved resources. The system can also filter traffic based on externally supplied lists of prohibited resources and enforce DNS whitelists, blocking responses from non-approved DNS servers.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 42, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 71, "end": 78, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendors"}, {"start": 123, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 204, "end": 208, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 237, "end": 241, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 287, "end": 293, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 315, "end": 319, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 450, "end": 456, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}]}
{"unique_index": 20567, "source_text": "It is important to note that the Jordan-based company of the same name, Protei, which has a similar website design, euphemizes it as “traffic management and policy control,” but includes DPI platform in its list of services. Jordan’s Protei, as a commercial vendor of DPI and other surveillance solutions, includes in its client list MTN Irancell, Iran’s largest telecom provider. MTN Irancell is an Iranian telecommunications company that operates the country’s largest 2, 3, 4, 4.5 and 5G mobile network, as well as fixed wireless TD-LTE internet services. According to Filter Watch, Irancell installed a new director on January 18, who would be ready to implement a shutdown whenever needed. Among others, Protei’s other clients include Tcell, the leading mobile operator in Tajikistan; Uztelecom, one of the largest telecommunications companies and mobile network operators in Uzbekistan, and Ucell, the country’s biggest mobile network brand, owned and operated by COSCOM which is itself owned by the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan; the Jordan Armed Forces; Zong 4G, Pakistan’s top data and communications network; a Nigerien national telephone and telecommunications carrier; Safaricom’s mobile services in Kenya; Telecom Namibia Limited, a state-owned telecommunications and ICT service provider; and the Qatar Public Telecommunications Corporation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 33, "end": 39, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jordan"}, {"start": 72, "end": 78, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 225, "end": 231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jordan"}, {"start": 234, "end": 240, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 258, "end": 264, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendor"}, {"start": 334, "end": 346, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MTN Irancell"}, {"start": 348, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 381, "end": 393, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MTN Irancell"}, {"start": 471, "end": 472, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2"}, {"start": 474, "end": 475, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 477, "end": 478, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}, {"start": 480, "end": 483, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.5"}, {"start": 572, "end": 584, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Filter Watch"}, {"start": 611, "end": 619, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 623, "end": 633, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 18"}, {"start": 709, "end": 715, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 778, "end": 788, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tajikistan"}, {"start": 881, "end": 891, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1021, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Committee"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1051, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Republic of Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 1057, "end": 1063, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jordan"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1095, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1228, "end": 1233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 1243, "end": 1250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Namibia"}, {"start": 1327, "end": 1370, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Qatar Public Telecommunications Corporation"}]}
{"unique_index": 20568, "source_text": "It is not easy to identify clients, as they are mostly represented by logos without any description : Irancell, for instance, is shown as MTN, which does not immediately suggest any affiliation with Iran. Hovewer, the logo is an exact copy of one of the logos used by Irancell MTN: Canada’s Citizen Lab investigated Protei in 2023, and discovered that it was helping build a mobile surveillance system for Iran. Through leaked Iranian emails, it found that Protei had been selected, as indicated in the reviewed documents, to provide core network components in support of user authentication, data management and Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), SMS delivery, and mobile network signaling by Iran’s largest mobile service provider, Ariantel. Citizen Lab sent questions to Mena’s branch of Protei, which covered, among other things, whether the company’s exports were subject to any sanction regimes in Iran and if so, how the company has ensured compliance with these regimes in either the sale of technology, or technical assistance and services to Iranian authorities or companies. An answer still has not been received. Meanwhile, as at the time of publishing, all three branches of Protei are functioning.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 138, "end": 141, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MTN"}, {"start": 199, "end": 203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 268, "end": 280, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Irancell MTN"}, {"start": 282, "end": 288, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 291, "end": 302, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Citizen Lab"}, {"start": 316, "end": 322, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 326, "end": 330, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 406, "end": 410, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 457, "end": 463, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 689, "end": 693, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 739, "end": 750, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Citizen Lab"}, {"start": 786, "end": 792, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 899, "end": 903, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1165, "end": 1170, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1183, "end": 1189, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}]}
{"unique_index": 20569, "source_text": "The Estonia location has a LinkedIn page and submits yearly financial reports; Jordan has a LinkedIn page and a website boasting clients from many authoritarian countries on which it claims that it “provides services to over 400 esteemed customers in over 46 countries supporting a subscriber base exceeding 300 million subscribers worldwide”; and Russia exhibits documentation on surveillance and censorship solutions on both its website and a LinkedIn page with 64 followers. According to the newspaper Kommersant , in 2024, the main Russian telecommunication company Rostelecom , which is state-owned, entered into a joint venture with Protei. In the report, a local telecom expert suggested that Rostelecom would own 100 percent of Protei in the future. Based on Kommersant’s report, the limited liability company STC Protei is owned by Anton Pinchuk (28.56 percent), Yuri Kolobkov and Vladimir Freinkman (18.57 percent each), and Maxim Maslov and CEO Nina Apostolova (17.15 percent each). The company’s revenue for 2022 — the most recent data published in the database — amounted to RUB 2.88 billion (USD 43 million), with a net profit of RUB 398 million (USD 5.9 million). STC Protei is the co-founder of Protei ST, TPK Optima, Protei TL, Sigurd IT, Protei Lab, and Protei IT Engineering.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Estonia"}, {"start": 27, "end": 35, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 53, "end": 59, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "yearly"}, {"start": 79, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jordan"}, {"start": 92, "end": 100, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 142, "end": 146, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 225, "end": 228, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400"}, {"start": 256, "end": 258, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "46"}, {"start": 308, "end": 319, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300 million"}, {"start": 348, "end": 354, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 422, "end": 426, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 445, "end": 453, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 464, "end": 466, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "64"}, {"start": 505, "end": 515, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kommersant"}, {"start": 521, "end": 525, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 570, "end": 580, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rostelecom"}, {"start": 639, "end": 645, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 721, "end": 724, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 736, "end": 742, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 818, "end": 828, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "STC Protei"}, {"start": 856, "end": 861, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28.56"}, {"start": 910, "end": 915, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18.57"}, {"start": 952, "end": 955, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEO"}, {"start": 956, "end": 971, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nina Apostolova"}, {"start": 973, "end": 978, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17.15"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1024, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1104, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.88 billion"}, {"start": 1110, "end": 1120, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "43 million"}, {"start": 1148, "end": 1159, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "398 million"}, {"start": 1165, "end": 1176, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5.9 million"}, {"start": 1183, "end": 1189, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 1197, "end": 1207, "label": "JOB", "value": "co-founder"}, {"start": 1211, "end": 1217, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 1234, "end": 1240, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}, {"start": 1256, "end": 1266, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei Lab"}, {"start": 1272, "end": 1278, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Protei"}]}
{"unique_index": 20576, "source_text": "Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine has now lasted 1,462 days. 48 months. 4 years.\n\nThe Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine has now lasted 1462 days. That's 48 months, or four years. As of February 24, 2026, this is already 44 days longer than the Second World War (Eastern Front) lasted for the Soviet Union. People in Ukraine live under constant shelling, they are freezing in their houses without electricity and heat, because Russia has bombed civilians and destroyed civil infrastructure practically every day of this war. Ukrainians are separated from their families and friends; many have lost not only their homes but also their home towns that were bombed to the ground . This war so far has brought hundreds of thousands of military casualties and tens of thousands of Ukrainian civilian deaths. As of February 2026, Russian forces occupy about 20 percent of Ukraine. Out of a prewar population of 41 million, around 8 million Ukrainians have been displaced within Ukraine, and around 7 million have became refugees.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine has now lasted 1,462 days. 48 months. 4 years."}, {"start": 122, "end": 129, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 134, "end": 137, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 145, "end": 154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1462 days"}, {"start": 163, "end": 172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "48 months"}, {"start": 177, "end": 187, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years"}, {"start": 195, "end": 212, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 24, 2026"}, {"start": 230, "end": 237, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "44 days"}, {"start": 302, "end": 314, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Soviet Union"}, {"start": 326, "end": 333, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 436, "end": 442, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 511, "end": 520, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 715, "end": 723, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 727, "end": 736, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 772, "end": 781, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 818, "end": 831, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 861, "end": 863, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 875, "end": 882, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 914, "end": 924, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "41 million"}, {"start": 933, "end": 942, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8 million"}, {"start": 981, "end": 988, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1010, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20577, "source_text": "Today, NGOs the Help Desk Media , Memorial, Kronika, and Zimin Foundation published online an archive of testimonials by the eyewitnesses to the Russian invasion gathered during the period 2022 –2024. The testimonials were previously published on Help Desk’s Instagram page but the archive could not depend on a platform. Now it is available at online with descriptions and monologues in Ukrainian, Russian and English. Here are links to some of the stories. Oleksandr: I kept bragging to all my friends in my dreams: “See, Ira is alive.” A resident of Dnipro lost his wife in an apartment building strike. His story continues two years later. Maria: “ I was told to my face that we invited Russia ourselves, that it’s our own fault.” A resident of Sievierodonetsk on evacuation through Russia and Poland to Germany Tetiana and Zauri: “ Our house in Kherson still stands — that gives us strength. The house in Abkhazia — nothing’s left but the foundation.” The story of a Ukrainian woman and a Georgian man who 30 years ago fled the war Abkhazia and now flee the war in Ukraine. Explore the website and see the archive of testimonies recorded there.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 7, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NGOs the Help Desk Media"}, {"start": 57, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zimin Foundation"}, {"start": 189, "end": 193, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 195, "end": 199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 259, "end": 268, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 322, "end": 325, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 627, "end": 642, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years later"}, {"start": 691, "end": 697, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 787, "end": 793, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 798, "end": 804, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Poland"}, {"start": 808, "end": 815, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1023, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30 years ago"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1053, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1077, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}]}
{"unique_index": 20578, "source_text": "How far-right ‘fear tactics’ affect girls seeking legal abortion in Brazil\n\nIn a video posted by Chris Tonietto in early November 2025 on Instagram, the right-wing member of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies celebrated a vote that put a brake on a resolution that she claimed “facilitated abortion up to nine months of pregnancy for underage girls who are victims of violence, without the knowledge or consent of their parents.” The resolution in question was published by the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents ( Conanda ), part of the Ministry of Human Rights, following a court decision in January, 2025. It did not modify any existing legislation, only establishing protocols for health professionals to follow in order to ensure minors’ access to legal abortion , a right already guaranteed under Article 128 of the Brazilian penal code . As the author of the legislative decree proposal against the resolution, Tonietto shared in the caption of her video that blocking it would “protect life” and “defend Brazilian democracy.” “We just prevented the civilizational setback that was being promoted by [it],” she told her followers after the potential block was approved.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 74, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How far-right ‘fear tactics’ affect girls seeking legal abortion in Brazil"}, {"start": 121, "end": 134, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 138, "end": 147, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 304, "end": 315, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "nine months"}, {"start": 477, "end": 493, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Council"}, {"start": 562, "end": 586, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Human Rights"}, {"start": 627, "end": 631, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 876, "end": 882, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 942, "end": 950, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tonietto"}]}
{"unique_index": 20579, "source_text": "Despite the celebration from right-wing politicians, the proposal still needs to pass through the Senate to make the suspension effective — the majority of the house is now right and centre-right. A mixed parliamentary front “against abortion and pro-life” was created, gathering 172 deputies and 10 senators in 2023, with Tonietto as its coordinator. In response to Global Voices over email, Tonietto said her proposal was a “legitimate legal criticism of an infralegal act that exceeds its jurisdiction.” According to the Chamber’s website , among other points, the proposal referred to the resolution not requiring a police report as mandatory for underage girls seeking to terminate a pregnancy believed to be a result of sexual violence. In Brazil, 14 years is the legal age for consent , meaning girls under this age have a legal right to interrupt a pregnancy. However, barriers such as stigma, lack of information, limited services, and inadequate training of health professionals often hinder access to safe abortion. Conanda’s resolution was a response to the high rates of pregnancy among girls under 14 years old and the low uptake of legal abortion, says Conanda president Deila Martins.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 51, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 169, "end": 172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 280, "end": 283, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "172"}, {"start": 297, "end": 299, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 300, "end": 308, "label": "JOB", "value": "senators"}, {"start": 312, "end": 316, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 339, "end": 350, "label": "JOB", "value": "coordinator"}, {"start": 367, "end": 380, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 393, "end": 401, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tonietto"}, {"start": 746, "end": 752, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 754, "end": 762, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14 years"}, {"start": 1112, "end": 1124, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14 years old"}, {"start": 1176, "end": 1185, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1199, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Deila Martins"}]}
{"unique_index": 20580, "source_text": "Almost 14,000 girls aged 10 to 14 got pregnant in 2023, but only 154 had access to a legal abortion — 1.1 per cent, reports Agência Brasil . The politicians opposing the document also criticized the proposed protocol for situations where the victim and their legal guardian disagree on whether to terminate a pregnancy. Arguing that the resolution establishes “a decision mechanism that is not supported by Brazilian law,” Tonietto told Global Voices that the resolution “substitutes the general rule of family autonomy.” But Martins defends the protocol that seeks to protect the autonomy of the pregnant minors who are victims of sexual assault. “Most of the time, over 60 per cent of abusers, and in some territories, almost 80 per cent, are part of the victim’s family,” Martins told Global Voices, citing fathers, mothers, uncles, and stepfathers as offenders and enablers. “Parental consent cannot be demanded because it revictimizes the victim, and often impedes that child from getting access to her right to abortion.” Tonietto did not respond to a question about the predominance of familial abusers and revictimization in a document sent to Global Voices.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 13, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14,000"}, {"start": 25, "end": 33, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 to 14"}, {"start": 50, "end": 54, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 65, "end": 68, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "154"}, {"start": 102, "end": 105, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.1"}, {"start": 132, "end": 138, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 145, "end": 156, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 423, "end": 431, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tonietto"}, {"start": 437, "end": 450, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 526, "end": 533, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Martins"}, {"start": 672, "end": 674, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 728, "end": 730, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80"}, {"start": 775, "end": 782, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Martins"}, {"start": 788, "end": 801, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1152, "end": 1165, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 20581, "source_text": "This is the latest example of the Brazilian far-right using abortion to leverage their agenda. Using democratic tools, such as bills of law and legislative blocks, as platforms, right-wing politicians in the last decade have advocated for fetal personhood , spread misinformation about a non-recognized medical condition called “ post-abortion syndrome ,” and threatened sexual violence victims seeking abortion rights with criminalization . How misinformation mobilizes the electorate Although the history of attacks on legal abortion in Brazil is extensive, the current wave can be traced back at least to 2007, when federal deputies proposed a law that would amend the Brazilian penal code to classify abortion as a heinous crime , banning it in all cases, as well as prohibiting the freezing, disposal, and trade of human embryos. The law did not pass, but it became a blueprint for anti-choice legislation as well as political moves that seek to curtail legal abortion rights. Currently, Brazilian law authorises abortion in three cases: when the pregnancy is a result of rape, when it presents a risk to the woman’s life and in cases of anencephaly .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 189, "end": 200, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 208, "end": 219, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last decade"}, {"start": 539, "end": 545, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 608, "end": 612, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2007"}, {"start": 982, "end": 991, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1035, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 20582, "source_text": "During the far-right government of President Jair Bolsonaro , federal public servants were suspected of attempting to prevent a 10-year-old girl from accessing abortion services , while Conanda experienced a decline in its members and faced attempts to hinder meetings. “He cut the funding for in-person meetings [during the pandemic],” Martins recalls. Despite the election of a left-leaning government in 2022 , with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , the attacks against constitutionally protected rights to abortion have continued. The false narrative that Lula was pro-abortion was exploited by his opponents to sway Christian voters, becoming a key issue during the campaign. Months before the election, however, he supported abortion as a public health matter . Meanwhile, evangelical leader Silas Malafaia called him “ stupid and dumb ,” defending fetal personhood on his YouTube channel. In an attempt to appease the evangelical camp a few weeks before the election, Lula published an open letter pledging not to expand abortion rights. According to a report published in 2024 by the news organization AzMinas , bills of law seeking to restrict legal abortion rights in Brazil have been growing at the municipal, state, and federal levels.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 35, "end": 44, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 45, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jair Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 128, "end": 139, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10-year-old"}, {"start": 337, "end": 344, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Martins"}, {"start": 407, "end": 411, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 419, "end": 444, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva"}, {"start": 792, "end": 806, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Silas Malafaia"}, {"start": 873, "end": 880, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 938, "end": 954, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few weeks before"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1078, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1111, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AzMinas"}, {"start": 1172, "end": 1178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}]}
{"unique_index": 20583, "source_text": "In a 2025 report , they point out that from 2017 to 2024, 103 such bills were introduced across the country. “These bills often create legal uncertainty for healthcare professionals, interfering with their work and increasing the stigma surrounding legal abortion,” AzMinas feminist journalist Maria Paula Monteiro wrote at the time . “It is an attack to weaken reproductive rights.” According to a May 2025 report by NetLab , a research laboratory at the School of Communication at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, abortion has been a central issue in the intensification of political polarization in Brazil. The report reveals that it was used in “disinformation campaigns and as a motive for attacks on institutional, legislative, and public opinion” in 2024, a year that saw municipal elections in the country . The report highlights WhatsApp messages that said abortion and its advocates were directly connected to the devil. “Abortion is understood as a symbol of a spiritual and political battle, in which Christian values are at risk,” it concludes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 9, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 44, "end": 48, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 52, "end": 56, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 58, "end": 61, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "103"}, {"start": 283, "end": 293, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 294, "end": 314, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria Paula Monteiro"}, {"start": 399, "end": 407, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 456, "end": 479, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "School of Communication"}, {"start": 487, "end": 523, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal University of Rio de Janeiro"}, {"start": 611, "end": 617, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 766, "end": 770, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 847, "end": 855, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}]}
{"unique_index": 20584, "source_text": "According to Brazilian legislation, city legislators and mayors do not have the power to legislate on abortion rights, and yet, morally condemning it helps candidates to gain votes. The text submitted by Tonietto claims that the Conanda protocols force “an almost compulsory submission to the abortion procedure,” and inverts current medical conclusions about the health risks of early pregnancy, claiming that abortion “may pose a serious risk to the life of the pregnant woman who, under current legislation, is not able to make her own decisions.” Although Tonietto uses the word “woman” in her proposal, the Conanda resolution concerns pregnant girls. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) , adolescent mothers aged 10 to 19 face higher risks of eclampsia, puerperal endometritis and systemic infections than women aged 20 to 24. Additionally, WHO warns that babies of adolescent mothers face higher risks of low birth weight, preterm birth and severe neonatal conditions. For Conanda’s president, this move could lead to a lack of protection for child victims of sexual violence, favoring abusers and pedophiles. “It seeks to continue the tradition of silence and invisibility around this problem,” she says.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 52, "label": "JOB", "value": "legislators"}, {"start": 57, "end": 63, "label": "JOB", "value": "mayors"}, {"start": 673, "end": 698, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Health Organisation"}, {"start": 700, "end": 703, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "WHO"}, {"start": 731, "end": 739, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 to 19"}, {"start": 835, "end": 843, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 to 24"}, {"start": 859, "end": 862, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "WHO"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1011, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}]}
{"unique_index": 20585, "source_text": "Effects on the ground Advocates fear the chaos created by supporters of the suspension will lead to even fewer girls seeking the services they need. “We are already getting messages from health professionals and other partners who think legal abortion for minors has been forbidden,” Laura Molinari, executive director of Nem Presa Nem Morta , a campaign to advocate for decriminalization of legal and safe abortion, told Global Voices. This is the kind of access barrier the Conanda resolution sought to address: misinformation. Molinari notes that spreading misinformation through political action is a common tactic used by the right-wing. “The confusion itself is beneficial for them.” Abortion access for statutory rape victims in Brazil is precarious, with a low number of health staff able to provide the service, as well as a lack of unified guidelines on how to serve these victims. Only 4 per cent of Brazilian municipalities have facilities to provide legal abortion services, according to data submitted by O'Neill Institute to the Supreme Court — 88 public clinics across 55 cities — a significant geographical barrier for the majority of the population.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 284, "end": 298, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Laura Molinari"}, {"start": 300, "end": 318, "label": "JOB", "value": "executive director"}, {"start": 322, "end": 341, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nem Presa Nem Morta"}, {"start": 422, "end": 435, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 530, "end": 538, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Molinari"}, {"start": 736, "end": 742, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 897, "end": 898, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1036, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "O'Neill Institute"}, {"start": 1044, "end": 1057, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 1060, "end": 1062, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "88"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1087, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "55"}]}
{"unique_index": 20586, "source_text": "In 2024, when a bill proposal sought to amend the Penal Code to equate abortion with murder if performed after the 22nd week of pregnancy, health specialist nurse Lígia Maria, who provides abortion services at a public hospital in Brasília, noticed a significant number of patients asking whether they would be criminally liable for the procedure. Maria’s hospital had also previously been a target of harassment and threats for providing these services. “Now, we are concerned about patients not seeking abortion services at all because of this misinformation,” Maria said. “We worry that they’re not even coming to us with questions.” The move to block the resolution, last year, sparked protests in different regions of the country. Protesters called politicians in favor of it “pedophiles” and “enemies of children,” reframing the effects of the block as detrimental to children’s rights. Lígia Maria, however, believes that the reaction might mask the real ineffectiveness of the attempted blockade. She also emphasises that it should be seen as a call to recognise Conanda’s role in defending children’s rights, rather than a victory for conservatives. “It feels like we are giving ammunition to the far right when we confirm their claim to victory,” she said. Feminist Justice Fellowship", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 146, "end": 156, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}, {"start": 157, "end": 162, "label": "JOB", "value": "nurse"}, {"start": 163, "end": 174, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lígia Maria"}, {"start": 348, "end": 353, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria"}, {"start": 456, "end": 459, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 563, "end": 568, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria"}, {"start": 671, "end": 680, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 754, "end": 765, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 893, "end": 904, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lígia Maria"}, {"start": 1267, "end": 1294, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Feminist Justice Fellowship"}]}
{"unique_index": 20593, "source_text": "Introducing kobudo, Japan’s traditional martial arts\n\nNowadays, most martial arts are consumed primarily as sporting events. Matches at the Olympics, or other shows, have strict rules that define the scoring systems and target areas to ensure participants’ safety. In judo, joint locks are only permitted on the elbows. In fencing, participants cannot attack the back of the opponent’s head. When watching gamified versions of martial arts, it’s easy to forget that in the original practices, these techniques emerged and were developed to harm opponents. What are the original martial arts? A few examples are Indian kalaripayattu , Chinese kung fu , or Cambodian bokator . In Japan, there are various classical martial arts schools that still practice ancient techniques today. These schools, collectively called kobudo , were established before the Meiji Restoration (in 1868). As the words ko (古/ancient or traditional) and budo (武道/martial arts or the martial way) suggest, kobudo prides itself on long-standing traditions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 52, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Introducing kobudo, Japan’s traditional martial arts"}, {"start": 594, "end": 597, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 678, "end": 683, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 773, "end": 778, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 874, "end": 878, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1868"}]}
{"unique_index": 20594, "source_text": "On February 1, Global Voices attended the 49th Japanese Kobudo Demonstration at the Nippon Budokan, one of the largest martial arts events in Japan, to see these ancient techniques in action. We interviewed experts from martial arts schools to learn the true meaning of kobudo and explore how the instructors preserve traditional values in a contemporary environment. Efficiency in combat Kyoichi Inoue Sensei, the soke (headmaster) of Hontai Yoshin-ryu — a traditional Japanese martial art school founded in 1660 — pointed out that the biggest difference between kobudo and other martial arts is that kobudo does not have rules on where to strike. Drawing from his extensive experience in judo and kendo, the soke told Global Voices (GV): 古武道は全身の致命傷になる部分を狙います。現代武道は主にルールの中で戦うスポーツとして発達したので、古武道とは変化した部分も多いと思います。 相手を殺そうと思ったら、硬い頭蓋骨や防具に守られているところよりも、防具に守られていない動脈が通っているところを狙えばいいんです。 Kobudo aims for lethal points across the entire body. Since modern martial arts evolved as sports played within a ruleset, many aspects have changed from kobudo. If our purpose is to kill an opponent, instead of striking the hard skull or areas protected by armor, it would be efficient to simply target the soft, exposed areas where major arteries run.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 13, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 1"}, {"start": 15, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 142, "end": 147, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 389, "end": 402, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyoichi Inoue"}, {"start": 415, "end": 419, "label": "JOB", "value": "soke"}, {"start": 421, "end": 431, "label": "JOB", "value": "headmaster"}, {"start": 436, "end": 453, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hontai Yoshin-ryu"}, {"start": 509, "end": 513, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1660"}, {"start": 710, "end": 714, "label": "JOB", "value": "soke"}, {"start": 720, "end": 733, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 735, "end": 737, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GV"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1004, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20595, "source_text": "The school demonstrated various techniques, including both empty-handed and weapon-based combat. These various techniques symbolize the character of Kobudo: it rejects standardization, rewards efficiency, and prioritizes flexibility, preparing users for any situation. This also explains why kobudo only has demonstrations, not competitions with real combat, unlike other fighting-based sports: it is way too dangerous. The martial way and bushido While the inherent danger of kobudo might suggest a focus on violence, the tradition is anchored by centuries-old values that transcend mere brutality. Shojitsuken Rikata Ichi-ryu Katchu Battojutsu, a martial art school established during the late Sengoku period (mid-15th century to late 16th century), stands as a testament to this heritage. Its practitioners utilize authentic armor and real Sengoku-style long swords, preserving the ethos of the ancient bushido (the tradition of Bushi/Japanese warriors) — transforming a lethal art into a disciplined practice of honor and etiquette. During the Nippon Budokan exhibition , representatives from the Shojitsuken Rikata Ichi-ryu school demonstrated the penultimate move of todome-wo-sasu (とどめを刺す/delivering the final blow).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 54, "end": 58, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 716, "end": 728, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15th century"}, {"start": 737, "end": 749, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16th century"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1091, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}]}
{"unique_index": 20596, "source_text": "This is a powerful act stemming from Japan’s cultural philosophy around mortality, in which dishonor in battle was worse than death. The school’s representative, Masaru Kanzaki Sensei, explained this unique philosophy: 我々は相手を「一刀両断」にし、必ずとどめを刺すことを定めています。これには武士道の精神が深く関わっています。武士は相手の名誉を重んじます。斬った相手をのたうち回らせて苦しませるのではなく、速やかにとどめを刺して楽にしてあげる。これは切腹の際の「介錯」と同じ考え方です。名誉を保ったまま逝かせるという、武士の情けなのです。 We aim for itto ryodan (一刀両断/cleaving in two) and are strictly taught to deliver a finishing blow. This is deeply rooted in the spirit of bushido [the samurai moral code]. This is the same principle as the kaishaku — an act to end one’s life in seppuku [a ritual suicide to wash away shame]. A bushi respects an opponent’s honor. Instead of leaving a wounded enemy to writhe in agony, you end their suffering swiftly. This philosophy sounds quite similar, but fundamentally different from the Western concept of coup de grâce , which was an act to free the opponent from the desperate pain under the Christian concept of mercy. Under the bushido tradition, there was no greater disgrace than to die a “messy” death. A warrior was expected to maintain composure even in death; to writhe or scream in agony was viewed as utterly unsightly.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 42, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 146, "end": 160, "label": "JOB", "value": "representative"}, {"start": 162, "end": 176, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Masaru Kanzaki"}]}
{"unique_index": 20597, "source_text": "It meant losing the disciplined spirit that warriors had spent their entire lives cultivating. While other East Asian cultures value dying for one’s principles, the specific idealization of finding beauty in the act of death itself is a uniquely Japanese sensibility. The famous metaphor of short-lived cherry blossoms symbolizes the bushi’s ideal: to live vibrantly and die without hesitation. Practicing tradition Currently, 75 schools are affiliated with the Nihon Kobudo Association. Each year, roughly half of the member schools take turns participating in the public demonstration. This year, 36 schools participated. Haruhiko Hata, the Chief of the Promotion Division of Nippon Budokan, told GV that the venue serves as a hub for Japanese martial arts schools to showcase the results of their training and hence preserve the tradition. A major challenge for these schools is attracting young people to practice and study the ancient martial art and its philosophy. Yoshin-ryu Naginatajutsu , a school that has been led by female sokes in recent years , for example, has become more flexible in adapting its culture to appeal to young Japanese.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 416, "end": 425, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}, {"start": 427, "end": 429, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 462, "end": 486, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nihon Kobudo Association"}, {"start": 488, "end": 497, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Each year"}, {"start": 507, "end": 511, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 588, "end": 597, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This year"}, {"start": 599, "end": 601, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "36"}, {"start": 972, "end": 982, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Yoshin-ryu"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1041, "label": "JOB", "value": "sokes"}]}
{"unique_index": 20598, "source_text": "The school’s soke, Takako Koyama, said: 今回の大会の時に、演武者が髪を染めるか、染めないかという話になりました。でも、国際化の時代ですから、外国人も日本人も、自然体で生きていくべきだと思います。門下生の子たちには、今日はメイクを濃いめにしてくださいって言ったんですよ。写真に撮られるから。 For this demonstration, there was a discussion about whether the practitioners should dye their hair back to black or not. But we live in an international age. Whether you are foreign or Japanese, I believe you should live as your natural self. Actually, I told my students to wear their makeup a bit heavier today — since I knew they’d be getting their pictures taken. Different from other Budo schools, Yoshin-ryu Naginatajutsu was founded about 400 years ago to teach court ladies serving in the palace self-defence. The school has followed the convention of Yoshin-ryu (the School of the Willow Heart), one of the most influential Japanese martial arts schools founded in 1642 during the Edo period, and wears the furisode (long-sleeve kimono) as its combat outfit. Soke Koyama explains that the traditional attire offers a tactical advantage as it can conceal one’s movement and enhance the willow-like efficiency — a key combat style of Yoshin-ryu. Many schools also welcome enthusiastic learners from abroad.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "soke"}, {"start": 19, "end": 32, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Takako Koyama"}, {"start": 474, "end": 479, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 570, "end": 580, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Yoshin-ryu"}, {"start": 613, "end": 626, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "400 years ago"}, {"start": 727, "end": 737, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Yoshin-ryu"}, {"start": 841, "end": 845, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1642"}, {"start": 935, "end": 939, "label": "JOB", "value": "Soke"}, {"start": 940, "end": 946, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Koyama"}, {"start": 1108, "end": 1118, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Yoshin-ryu"}, {"start": 1120, "end": 1124, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20599, "source_text": "Among the schools we interviewed, Hontai Yoshin-ryu has branches in eight countries. Among the practitioners at this demonstration, Frederic Roncioni Sensei and Sami Mechmech Sensei were from Belgium. Frederic Sensei, the head of the Hontai Yoshin-ryu Belgian Branch, began his Budo journey 40 years ago in Belgium. His teacher spent a year in Japan studying Hontai Yoshin-ryu and, upon returning in 1990, began teaching Frederic Sensei. Since then, they have travelled to Japan at least once a year — sometimes twice or three times — to deepen their training. He told GV: If you want to truly understand Japanese budo, you need to study Japan’s general culture, not just the fighting techniques. To gain a full perspective of any martial art, you must understand the culture from which it emerged. Budo is not just physical training; it is a profound gateway to understanding Japanese culture as a whole. The journey of Kobudo began long before we were born and will continue its deliberate walk towards the future, not by standing still, but by carefully blending with contemporary Japanese culture.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 51, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hontai Yoshin-ryu"}, {"start": 68, "end": 73, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 132, "end": 149, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Frederic Roncioni"}, {"start": 161, "end": 174, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sami Mechmech"}, {"start": 175, "end": 181, "label": "JOB", "value": "Sensei"}, {"start": 192, "end": 199, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belgium"}, {"start": 201, "end": 209, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Frederic"}, {"start": 210, "end": 216, "label": "JOB", "value": "Sensei"}, {"start": 234, "end": 251, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hontai Yoshin-ryu"}, {"start": 291, "end": 303, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "40 years ago"}, {"start": 307, "end": 314, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belgium"}, {"start": 320, "end": 327, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 344, "end": 349, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 359, "end": 376, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hontai Yoshin-ryu"}, {"start": 400, "end": 404, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990"}, {"start": 421, "end": 429, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Frederic"}, {"start": 430, "end": 436, "label": "JOB", "value": "Sensei"}, {"start": 473, "end": 478, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 521, "end": 526, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 638, "end": 643, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20607, "source_text": "Hongkonger fights in Ukraine as diaspora marks grim anniversary\n\nWhen US President Donald Trump announced plans to withdraw aid to Ukraine in early 2025, 31-year-old Hongkonger Nid made a decision that would change his life: he would join the fight himself. “I felt it was very unfair,” Nid told Global Voices over a crackling video call from his military base in Ukraine. “When those in power don’t do anything, those below have to act. We, ordinary citizens, have to do it.” Nid arrived in Ukraine in March 2025, leaving behind his job as a chef. Now a combat medic in the 3rd Separate Assault Brigade, he evacuates wounded soldiers using robots after serving several months as an infantryman. Nid sees parallels between Ukraine’s resistance and Hong Kong’s own struggles. Both were forced to ramp up their fight for autonomy in 2014, after Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the resistance campaigns in the Special Administrative Regions of China (SAR), known as the Umbrella Movement . “We’re both being occupied by a neighboring power that’s gradually eroding our political autonomy and assimilating us,” Nid said, praising his unit’s effort to preserve the Ukrainian language and wishing the same for Cantonese.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hongkonger fights in Ukraine as diaspora marks grim anniversary"}, {"start": 70, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 73, "end": 82, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 83, "end": 95, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 131, "end": 138, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 148, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 154, "end": 165, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "31-year-old"}, {"start": 287, "end": 290, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nid"}, {"start": 296, "end": 309, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 364, "end": 371, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 492, "end": 499, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 503, "end": 513, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2025"}, {"start": 543, "end": 547, "label": "JOB", "value": "chef"}, {"start": 549, "end": 552, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 626, "end": 634, "label": "JOB", "value": "soldiers"}, {"start": 662, "end": 676, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several months"}, {"start": 723, "end": 730, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 748, "end": 757, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 831, "end": 835, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 843, "end": 849, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 943, "end": 948, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 969, "end": 986, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Umbrella Movement"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1000, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1112, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nid"}]}
{"unique_index": 20608, "source_text": "After Beijing’s crackdown on the 2019 pro-democracy protests and the implementation of the National Security Law , Nid felt increasingly hopeless about participating in Hong Kong society. There was no way to participate in society like before. People who spoke up politically became fewer and fewer. I felt somewhat disheartened. So I thought: why not go somewhere where I could use my own power to support justice, even in a small way? In 2019, protesters drew inspiration from Ukraine’s Euromaidan revolution, portrayed in the film “ Winter on Fire. ” People screened the film across neighborhoods throughout Hong Kong to learn resistance tactics. By 2022, solidarity reversed: Hongkongers flocked to Ivan the Kozak , a Ukrainian restaurant in the city, expressing support through donations and messages. A war with no end in sight Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine entered its fifth year on February 24, 2026, marking Europe’s largest military conflict since World War II. At least 15,000 civilians have been killed since the invasion began, including 763 children, according to data by the United Nations .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 33, "end": 37, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 91, "end": 112, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Security Law"}, {"start": 169, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 440, "end": 444, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 479, "end": 486, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 536, "end": 550, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Winter on Fire"}, {"start": 611, "end": 620, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 653, "end": 657, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 834, "end": 840, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 866, "end": 873, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 900, "end": 917, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 24, 2026"}, {"start": 927, "end": 933, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 991, "end": 997, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15,000"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1064, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "763"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}]}
{"unique_index": 20609, "source_text": "The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) estimates Russia has suffered around 1.2 million casualties, including around 325,000 killed. For Ukraine, CSIS estimates military casualties between 500,000 and 600,000, including up to 140,000 deaths. Russia has intensified attacks on energy infrastructure during one of Ukraine’s coldest winters in recent years, leaving millions without consistent power, heat, or water. “It’s minus 20 degrees Celsius, and there’s electricity for just two hours a day. Residents in apartment buildings in Odesa can’t burn wood for warmth. Life is very hard for them,” said Nid. International support remains divided. The European Union (EU) has provided over EUR 193 billion (USD 228 billion) in aid, but unity faltered when ministers failed to agree on new sanctions against Russia. Trump’s proposed 28-point peace deal would require Ukraine to cede territories to Moscow. Two Hong Kong volunteers killed in action In December 2025, two Hong Kong volunteer soldiers, known as Pin and Shui, were killed during their first frontline deployment in Zaporizhzhia while attempting to recover a comrade’s remains.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 50, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Center for Strategic and International Studies"}, {"start": 52, "end": 56, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CSIS"}, {"start": 68, "end": 74, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 95, "end": 106, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.2 million"}, {"start": 136, "end": 143, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "325,000"}, {"start": 156, "end": 163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 208, "end": 227, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500,000 and 600,000"}, {"start": 245, "end": 252, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "140,000"}, {"start": 261, "end": 267, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 331, "end": 338, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 382, "end": 390, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 445, "end": 447, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 498, "end": 507, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two hours"}, {"start": 667, "end": 681, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 683, "end": 685, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 709, "end": 720, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "193 billion"}, {"start": 726, "end": 737, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "228 billion"}, {"start": 771, "end": 780, "label": "JOB", "value": "ministers"}, {"start": 822, "end": 828, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 830, "end": 835, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 881, "end": 888, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 912, "end": 918, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 920, "end": 923, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 924, "end": 933, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 965, "end": 978, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 980, "end": 983, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 984, "end": 993, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1012, "label": "JOB", "value": "soldiers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20610, "source_text": "Nid, who had been in contact with Pin, was devastated. He said: When my other comrades died, I was still at a position with work to distract me. But when Pin and Shui died, I was at the base doing routine training. There wasn’t urgent work to dilute the emotion. It felt like swallowing something bitter. In January, the city’s security secretary, Chris Tang, suggested that some Hongkongers joining Ukraine’s military might be seeking training to later use against their own government. Nid dismissed this claim: “If the government doesn’t need violence or bloodshed [to act], who wants to die?” He urged functional dialogue over fear, recalling the peaceful July 1 marches of old, when grievances were resolved naturally. EU pledges continued support amid criticism On February 21, Hong Kong Anti-war Mobilization held a protest at the Tsim Sha Tsui Cultural Center to mark the fourth anniversary of the war. The group mourned fallen soldiers before being stopped by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department staff for not applying for an official permit.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 337, "end": 346, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 348, "end": 358, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chris Tang"}, {"start": 400, "end": 407, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 660, "end": 666, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 1"}, {"start": 724, "end": 726, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 771, "end": 782, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 21"}, {"start": 784, "end": 793, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 838, "end": 867, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tsim Sha Tsui Cultural Center"}, {"start": 936, "end": 944, "label": "JOB", "value": "soldiers"}, {"start": 973, "end": 1013, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Leisure and Cultural Services Department"}]}
{"unique_index": 20611, "source_text": "In their statement , the group condemned Putin’s expansionist war and criticized the US for sidelining Ukraine in peace negotiations. “We also condemn European countries for continuing to import Russian natural gas, and criticize Russia's allies for providing diplomatic, military, and economic support,” the statement read. Speaking at a screening event on February 24, Harvey Rouse, head of the EU office in Hong Kong, emphasized the bloc’s unwavering commitment to Ukraine. Rouse said Moscow’s ability to obtain dual-use goods for its war machine remains a major concern. He said: This is also a discussion that we are having with the Hong Kong administration. We are also discussing the need to avoid any enabling of Russia’s shadow fleet of ships transporting sanctioned oil. Ukraine is not just fighting for its own freedom. Ukraine is fighting against a world where might equals right. Ukraine is fighting for all of us. Watching from afar For Anna Odnokopyla, society representative of the Ukrainian Society of Hong Kong, watching the war from thousands of miles away brings its own anguish.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 85, "end": 87, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 103, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 230, "end": 236, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 358, "end": 369, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 24"}, {"start": 397, "end": 399, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 410, "end": 419, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 468, "end": 475, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 477, "end": 482, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rouse"}, {"start": 488, "end": 494, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 638, "end": 647, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 721, "end": 727, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 781, "end": 788, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 831, "end": 838, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 893, "end": 900, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 951, "end": 966, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna Odnokopyla"}, {"start": 976, "end": 990, "label": "JOB", "value": "representative"}, {"start": 998, "end": 1028, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ukrainian Society of Hong Kong"}, {"start": 1052, "end": 1061, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 20612, "source_text": "Born in Kyiv, Anna has lived in Hong Kong for almost 10 years, but her family remains in Ukraine. She told Global Voices at the EU screening event: Of course, being in Ukraine is tough, being outside is also tough for the family members. Obviously it feels terrible because every single Ukrainian, has someone either at war. Like my family is still there, so it’s been hard. Anna noted the recent escalation of missile attacks on Kyiv. “The news every day is not great, and lots of family members are on the battlefield, and they have to go to serve. It’s the reality of having a Ukrainian notice,” she said. The Ukrainian Society of Hong Kong has organized events for the diaspora community while also collaborating with local institutions to share Ukrainian culture, Anna added. Asked about the passing of two Hong Kong volunteers, Anna said: It's terrifying, it’s like losing one of our family members. Every single Ukrainian will appreciate their contribution to the frontline. Anna hopes for lasting peace: We all want to have the war finished.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 18, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna"}, {"start": 32, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 53, "end": 61, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 years"}, {"start": 89, "end": 96, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 107, "end": 120, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 128, "end": 130, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 168, "end": 175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 375, "end": 379, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna"}, {"start": 446, "end": 455, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 613, "end": 643, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ukrainian Society of Hong Kong"}, {"start": 769, "end": 773, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna"}, {"start": 808, "end": 811, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 812, "end": 821, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 834, "end": 838, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna"}, {"start": 982, "end": 986, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anna"}]}
{"unique_index": 20613, "source_text": "We all want to have all territories back as it was before 2014, because the war started way before [2022]. “Don't give up hope” Back at his base in Ukraine, Nid reflected on what keeps him going: the Ukrainian people, his fallen comrades, and hope for the future. Meeting older Ukrainian soldiers reinforced his resolve: There’s an uncle in his 50s or 60s in my position. When I look at him, I think: this person is only a few years younger than my dad. If my father had to fight on the frontline, I’d feel terrible. Nid was injured by an enemy drone a few months ago, but that didn’t stop him. Don't be too immersed in this oppressive atmosphere. Do what you can within your means. Don’t lose heart. Don’t forget you are Hongkongers. As the war grinds into its fifth year, Nid plans to fight until the end. “I find life here quite comfortable,” he says. “I want to learn new skills and knowledge, like how to use drones, unmanned ground vehicles, and combat medicine to save people.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 58, "end": 62, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 100, "end": 104, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 148, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 288, "end": 296, "label": "JOB", "value": "soldiers"}, {"start": 423, "end": 432, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few years"}, {"start": 553, "end": 567, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few months ago"}]}
{"unique_index": 20618, "source_text": "Cameroonians turn to private solar grids in response to prolonged power cuts\n\nIn Mile four of the New Council area in Bamenda, of the North West region of Cameroon, residents have increasingly turned to solar energy to cope with prolonged and unpredictable electricity disruptions as the country’s electricity crisis intensified. For the past two years, households in this part of town say they have experienced inconsistent or completely absent power from the national grid managed by Eneo Cameroon , the company responsible for the production, distribution, and sale of electrical energy in Cameroon. Officials have attributed widespread power shortages to technical and hydrological factors. In January 2025, the Ministry of Water Resources and Energy explained that reduced generation at major hydroelectric stations, including Songloulou, Edea, and Memve’ele, and the shutdown of certain thermal plants contributed to diminished power supply, prompting rationing and frequent outages across the interconnected grid. Frustrated by repeated delays in restoring stable electricity, inhabitants of the New Council area contributed personal funds to purchase a community transformer in mid-January 2026. The investment was intended to improve access during extended outages.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 76, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cameroonians turn to private solar grids in response to prolonged power cuts"}, {"start": 98, "end": 109, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "New Council"}, {"start": 118, "end": 125, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bamenda"}, {"start": 155, "end": 163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 338, "end": 352, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past two years"}, {"start": 491, "end": 499, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 593, "end": 601, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 698, "end": 710, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2025"}, {"start": 716, "end": 754, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Water Resources and Energy"}, {"start": 1103, "end": 1114, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "New Council"}, {"start": 1190, "end": 1202, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 20619, "source_text": "Despite this, the power supply remains intermittent, prompting many residents to adopt decentralized solar systems in their homes as an alternative. Godwin Benyella, a resident of Mile 4 Nkwen, said: I’ve been using solar energy to power up my household since 2020. It helps us whenever there are frequent power outages. The solar has definitely attracted neighbors’ [attention] and even pushed them to get their own. Benyella’s solar setup, six panels and two batteries, cost about CFA francs 1.5 million (USD 2,705). His technician charged CFA 75,000 for installation. He reported that the system powers his television, refrigerator (barely), and blender, but noted that heavy appliances like irons and washing machines cannot be run without more equipment. Across Bamenda’s Main Market, solar panels and batteries have become widely available, reflecting rising demand. Martin, a vendor who imports panels and batteries, described changing market conditions: At first 100 Watts cost 120k [CFA francs]. But now with 20k [CFA francs] you can have a 100 watt panel, we who have our small shops in town no longer make profit because most people travel to Douala and buy directly from the manufacturers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 149, "end": 164, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Godwin Benyella"}, {"start": 185, "end": 186, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}, {"start": 187, "end": 192, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nkwen"}, {"start": 260, "end": 264, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 418, "end": 426, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Benyella"}, {"start": 442, "end": 445, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 457, "end": 460, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 494, "end": 505, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5 million"}, {"start": 511, "end": 516, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,705"}, {"start": 546, "end": 552, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75,000"}, {"start": 767, "end": 774, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bamenda"}, {"start": 883, "end": 889, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendor"}, {"start": 971, "end": 974, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 1009, "end": 1012, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1053, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}]}
{"unique_index": 20620, "source_text": "He noted that while solar has become a “good investment,” increased competition from larger suppliers has driven prices down and squeezed small-scale retailers. A tour around the council area shows that most houses have one, two, or even six solar panels on their roofs, purchased from the local market and installed by technicians throughout the neighborhood. Technicians in the city who install these panels for households report intensified solar adoption as grid reliability declines. Nelson, an electrician, explained the basic functioning of residential systems: Solar panels capture sunlight and convert it into direct current electricity. An inverter then kicks in to convert the DC power into alternating current, which is what your house uses. Any excess energy can be stored in batteries. It’s a clean, sustainable way to power your home. He added that the consistent, intense sunlight in Bamenda makes solar power particularly suitable and that many residents are installing systems to supplement or replace unreliable grid service.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 238, "end": 241, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 900, "end": 907, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bamenda"}, {"start": 957, "end": 961, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20621, "source_text": "Solar Bright Future Company CTO engineer Kigha Paul Tabo, an expert who has been in the solar domain for years, described broader trends in energy needs. He said awareness campaigns and falling prices have made solar more accessible, especially in Bamenda’s rural areas and across the northwest region. Over the last five to seven years, he noted, many household clients have adopted solar as the national grid’s reach declined in some areas due to infrastructure damage and maintenance challenges. He also highlighted efforts to develop mini solar generators capable of powering single rooms, Tabo said: Many families are embracing the shift. Solar is better and cheaper than generators, it may be expensive to install but far cheaper to maintain daily than buying fuel for a generator. He acknowledged access constraints, including the high upfront cost of installations, a lack of licensed vendors, and skill gaps among informal installers, and encouraged households to buy products with guaranteed warranties to better enjoy the benefits of solar panel installations. Solar in Mile 4 does not fully replace grid electricity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Solar Bright Future Company CTO"}, {"start": 32, "end": 40, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineer"}, {"start": 41, "end": 56, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kigha Paul Tabo"}, {"start": 248, "end": 255, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bamenda"}, {"start": 325, "end": 336, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven years"}, {"start": 348, "end": 352, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 594, "end": 598, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tabo"}, {"start": 605, "end": 609, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 748, "end": 753, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 893, "end": 900, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendors"}, {"start": 1086, "end": 1087, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}]}
{"unique_index": 20622, "source_text": "Basic domestic solar systems provide light, refrigeration, and device charging, but are limited in capacity without larger battery banks and panels. However, the expanding adoption of solar reflects practical responses to recurring grid failures and has contributed to decentralized energy access for households in the community. In student neighborhoods such as Bambili University campuses, students say frequent power outages affect their studies, as it’s challenging for them to study in the dark. Munaseh Courage, a fourth-year student at the University of Bamenda, told Global Voices: You cannot even make plans to study because you are not sure when there will be light, having phones go off also makes one miss important assessments announced on the class forum. In addition to students, the disruptionsin recent years have affected businesses and non-profits that operate in the town. The Luc Menora Rehabilitation Foundation (LMF), located in Bamenda, Cameroon, which takes care of disabled children, has suffered from this issue. “Yet today, this mission is under serious threat.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 363, "end": 381, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bambili University"}, {"start": 501, "end": 516, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Munaseh Courage"}, {"start": 547, "end": 568, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Bamenda"}, {"start": 575, "end": 588, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 709, "end": 712, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 897, "end": 933, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Luc Menora Rehabilitation Foundation"}, {"start": 935, "end": 938, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LMF"}, {"start": 952, "end": 959, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bamenda"}, {"start": 961, "end": 969, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1050, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20623, "source_text": "The foundation is facing an electricity crisis that is dimming the light of opportunity for these children,” they wrote in a release after an evaluation meeting. They said they are looking to switch to a solar grid so they can better support the young people they work with. At the national level, government officials acknowledge persistent challenges in electricity supply across multiple regions, including those served by the Southern Interconnected Grid , which covers the northwest and southwest regions. The Minister of Water Resources and Energy has stated that the government has taken steps to strengthen the electricity sector, including the state’s acquisition of the majority stake in ENEO, with the stated goal of improving distribution network reliability and meeting growing demand. The minister has also called for improved billing and reduced fraud to support system sustainability. The expansion of solar use in Mile 4 reflects one locally driven adaptation to systemic electricity instability, with households investing in decentralized, renewable energy systems that enable basic electrical access despite persistent grid disruptions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 515, "end": 523, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 803, "end": 811, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 936, "end": 937, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}, {"start": 947, "end": 950, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20631, "source_text": "Government attacks on mainstream media undermine the credibility of democracy in Botswana\n\nIn most discussions of democracy in Africa, Botswana is among the first countries to come up. Respected for its peace and tranquillity, the country, which gained its independence from Britain in 1966 , has maintained good governance and political stability, particularly compared to some of its neighbors. For the first time in history, a coalition of opposition political parties , the Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC), took political power in the 2024 elections. No blood was spilled, and there were no protests or public hostility. The former president Mokgweetsi Masisi handed over power smoothly, bowing out graciously. Botswana’s hostile media landscape For nearly 60 years now, Botswana has continued to reflect an impeccable democracy. However, this is changing over time as the media becomes more outspoken and robust, and attacks on the press become more common. During the administration of Seretse Khama Ian Khama , some journalists were even arrested and thrown into jail. When President Mokgweetsi Masisi took over in 2019, he promised fair engagement and treatment of the media.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 89, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Government attacks on mainstream media undermine the credibility of democracy in Botswana"}, {"start": 127, "end": 133, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 135, "end": 143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 275, "end": 282, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Britain"}, {"start": 286, "end": 290, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1966"}, {"start": 544, "end": 548, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 641, "end": 650, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 651, "end": 668, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mokgweetsi Masisi"}, {"start": 720, "end": 728, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 766, "end": 774, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "60 years"}, {"start": 775, "end": 778, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 780, "end": 788, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1039, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1095, "label": "JOB", "value": "When President"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1113, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mokgweetsi Masisi"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}]}
{"unique_index": 20632, "source_text": "But his presidency was marked by endless rebuttals and public attacks against the press . Fast forward to today, and the media is still fighting the same battles, particularly private media. It is well documented that private media in Botswana is under threat and seems to be dying a slow death. Newsrooms are under-resourced and functioning with poor morale, reporters are widely overworked and underpaid, and many experienced journalists are leaving to work for international media or join the corporate sector. There is also pronounced self-censorship among journalists as they fear criticism, harassment, and lawsuits for their reporting. Botswana’s new president, Duma Boko , is a human rights lawyer. During the new administration’s inaugural cabinet meeting on November 21, 2024, President Duma Boko underscored the significance of accountability, discipline, and service to the nation. He also reiterated the “importance of unity, collective responsibility and collaboration.” But his recent attacks on the Botswana media have threatened to undermine the ethos of democracy and also what the media represents.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 106, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 235, "end": 243, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 360, "end": 369, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporters"}, {"start": 411, "end": 415, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 428, "end": 439, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 561, "end": 572, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 643, "end": 651, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 658, "end": 667, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 669, "end": 678, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Duma Boko"}, {"start": 686, "end": 705, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights lawyer"}, {"start": 768, "end": 785, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 21, 2024"}, {"start": 787, "end": 796, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 797, "end": 806, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Duma Boko"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1023, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}]}
{"unique_index": 20633, "source_text": "President Boko has expressed disdain for the media and accused it of peddling lies , even saying that 90 percent of media outlets in Botswana spread fake news. He also criticized the quality of journalism, the standard of reporting, and reporters’ language skills. He hastened to add that he “appreciates what the media is trying to do.” But the damage had already been done. What is at stake in the Botswana media? How does the media operate under the glare of disdain and resentment from the president? Chairperson of the Media Institute of Africa (MISA) Botswana chapter, Thomas Nkhoma, has written endless commentary on how the president’s sentiments and attacks on local media can damage press freedom in the country. Nkhoma noted that the Botswana media stands at a crossroads, and it is a tough position. What is at stake in Botswana media is not only law reforms but the viability of journalism in a disrupted, underfunded and rapidly changing environment. It appears that it is not only private media that should be “scared.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 10, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Boko"}, {"start": 102, "end": 104, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 133, "end": 141, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 237, "end": 246, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporters"}, {"start": 400, "end": 408, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 494, "end": 503, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 505, "end": 516, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chairperson"}, {"start": 524, "end": 549, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Media Institute of Africa"}, {"start": 551, "end": 555, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MISA"}, {"start": 557, "end": 565, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 575, "end": 588, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thomas Nkhoma"}, {"start": 632, "end": 641, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 723, "end": 729, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nkhoma"}, {"start": 745, "end": 753, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 832, "end": 840, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}]}
{"unique_index": 20634, "source_text": "Most recently, seasoned broadcast journalist Letumile Montsosa was removed from his breakfast slot on the government national broadcaster RB1 (Radio Botswana) following a controlled broadcast on the controversial introduction of the Constitutional Court in Botswana . It was alleged that there was a directive from the office of the president that the discussions should not include calls from the public. This was captured in a snippet of a live video by the studio guest Uyapo Ndadi, a respected lawyer in Botswana. The video went viral in a few hours. The next day, Montsosa was demoted. Free and functioning media as a key component of democracy Above all, the “cold war” between the new Botswana government and local media reflects increasing global hostility towards the media. The media has played a key role in educating and empowering communities in Botswana since independence, and the private media has served as a stern national watchdog since the 1980s. Watchdogs argue that upholding freedom of expression and media liberty should be balanced with media accountability, ethics, and quality standards.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 44, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 45, "end": 62, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Letumile Montsosa"}, {"start": 149, "end": 157, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 233, "end": 253, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Constitutional Court"}, {"start": 257, "end": 265, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 333, "end": 342, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 473, "end": 484, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Uyapo Ndadi"}, {"start": 498, "end": 504, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 508, "end": 516, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 544, "end": 553, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few hours"}, {"start": 559, "end": 567, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next day"}, {"start": 569, "end": 577, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Montsosa"}, {"start": 692, "end": 700, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 859, "end": 867, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 960, "end": 965, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980s"}]}
{"unique_index": 20635, "source_text": "In an interview with Global Voices, the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) Secretary General, Kevin Casas Zamora, noted that although Botswana is performing well on the democracy front, more can still be done. He has been to Botswana on several occasions for governance engagements, including a conference on democracy in Botswana’s capital city, Gaborone, prior to the 2024 elections. The democracy expert boasts 25 years of experience in democratic governance as a researcher, analyst, and public official. His career has focused strongly on electoral processes and democratic institutions. Zamora said Botswana is “mid-range” in terms of freedom of expression, which he explained means the situation is not good or bad but is above average in Africa. He noted that protecting the free press is essential for democracy. He said: We have seen instances where authoritarian leaders target independent journalists but journalism is good for the health of democracy… Without journalism we cannot for example fight corruption and this leads to the weakening of democratic institutions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 34, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 40, "end": 102, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance"}, {"start": 104, "end": 108, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IDEA"}, {"start": 110, "end": 127, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary General"}, {"start": 129, "end": 147, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kevin Casas Zamora"}, {"start": 169, "end": 177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 260, "end": 268, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 272, "end": 279, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 357, "end": 365, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 405, "end": 409, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 449, "end": 457, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25 years"}, {"start": 502, "end": 512, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 514, "end": 521, "label": "JOB", "value": "analyst"}, {"start": 628, "end": 634, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zamora"}, {"start": 640, "end": 648, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 781, "end": 787, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 936, "end": 947, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20636, "source_text": "It is therefore important to strive to collectively protect human rights defenders and journalists because journalism is an essential service. He added that the government would benefit from creating conducive laws and supporting the development of the media, rather than routinely stifling its operations. A free and functioning media is a key component of democracy, said Andrew Bummel, Executive Director of Democracy without Borders, in a virtual interview with Global Voices. Bummel said media accountability must “come from strong professional standards and peer regulation, not state control.” He noted that state-owned media are a particular challenge because of their government connection. But overall, fair reporting should be paramount, he echoed. He noted: At a time where disinformation and misinformation are common, it's important to prioritise education that improves media literacy. Education that fosters critical minds and covers media literacy is the best vaccine against disinformation and misinformation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 60, "end": 82, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 87, "end": 98, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 374, "end": 387, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrew Bummel"}, {"start": 389, "end": 407, "label": "JOB", "value": "Executive Director"}, {"start": 466, "end": 479, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 481, "end": 487, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bummel"}]}
{"unique_index": 20637, "source_text": "Papua New Guinea journalist assaulted over prison reporting\n\nVeteran Papua New Guinea journalist Rebecca Kuku said she was assaulted by correctional service officers at the Bomana remand facility after she reported on the living conditions of inmates residing there. The incident has alarmed local media groups, which called for an immediate investigation as they urged authorities to uphold press freedom. Kuku and other local journalists reported that more than 50 prisoners were attacked by jail guards at the prison facility, but correctional service officers disputed this and insisted that they were merely trying to respond to a jailbreak attempt . In response to the news report, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister James Marape said prisoners must be treated humanely. Even in prison, human rights must be respected and those responsible for managing detainees must act within the law. Allegations of excessive force or mistreatment must be fully and independently examined.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Papua New Guinea journalist assaulted over prison reporting"}, {"start": 69, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua New Guinea"}, {"start": 86, "end": 96, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 97, "end": 109, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rebecca Kuku"}, {"start": 157, "end": 165, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 407, "end": 411, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kuku"}, {"start": 428, "end": 439, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 464, "end": 466, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 555, "end": 563, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 688, "end": 704, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua New Guinea"}, {"start": 705, "end": 719, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 720, "end": 732, "label": "PERSON", "value": "James Marape"}]}
{"unique_index": 20638, "source_text": "When Kuku visited the Correctional Service Office on February 27 in Port Moresby, she said she was verbally attacked, then punched from behind, and threatened by officers because of her reporting. The National, the online news outlet where Kuku works, said authorities must discipline the officers who attacked the journalist. For warders to now assault a journalist is reprehensible and does nothing to improve the image of the service. We are fully supporting our journalist in filing a criminal assault case. We are calling on the Correctional Service command to look into this and discipline the officers responsible. We have lodged a complaint with the Correctional Service management. Kuku called out the attempt to besmirch her reputation on social media and insisted that she did nothing wrong in reporting the facts of the incident. The pictures and videos were sent to all media houses [by inmates]. Similar reports were published/reported by all media houses.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kuku"}, {"start": 22, "end": 49, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Correctional Service Office"}, {"start": 53, "end": 64, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 27"}, {"start": 68, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port Moresby"}, {"start": 162, "end": 170, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 240, "end": 244, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kuku"}, {"start": 289, "end": 297, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 315, "end": 325, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 342, "end": 345, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 356, "end": 366, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 466, "end": 476, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 534, "end": 554, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Correctional Service"}, {"start": 600, "end": 608, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 658, "end": 678, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Correctional Service"}, {"start": 691, "end": 695, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kuku"}]}
{"unique_index": 20639, "source_text": "Instead of blaming the media for doing our job, you should instead carry out an internal investigation and find out how these prisoners have access to mobile phones in the first place Mainstream media is not a PR, we are not here to report the good only or write however way you want us to write news. Our job is to tell it as it is. Whether it’s good or bad! The Media Council of Papua New Guinea is demanding a full independent investigation by police into the attack against Kuku. Its president, Neville Choi, has condemned the attack and threat against one of its own members and said reporters in Papua New Guinea “must be respected for the work that they do in informing and educating the public of what is happening around them.” He added that if and when a citizen is unhappy with a news report or has evidence that a reporter was compromised while writing a story, they can simply inform the Media Council by filing a formal written complaint.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 364, "end": 377, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Media Council"}, {"start": 381, "end": 397, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua New Guinea"}, {"start": 478, "end": 482, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kuku"}, {"start": 488, "end": 497, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 589, "end": 598, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporters"}, {"start": 602, "end": 618, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua New Guinea"}, {"start": 826, "end": 834, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporter"}, {"start": 901, "end": 914, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Media Council"}]}
{"unique_index": 20640, "source_text": "Pacific Freedom Forum chair Robert Iroga from the Solomon Islands described the assault as “a shocking attack on press freedom and the safety of journalists doing their jobs.” No journalist should ever face intimidation or physical harm for reporting on matters of public interest. Ms Kuku has filed a statement to Police and authorities must act swiftly to identify those responsible. This will demonstrate that such behaviour has no place within state institutions. We also commend the National team and all editors and publishers who take swift action and call out these threats to their front line staff, particularly women journalists who are often targeted with specific verbal abuse, shaming and sexualised threats in ways that men do not suffer. As of May 2025, Papua New Guinea ranks 78th out of 180 countries on the Reporters Without Borders (RSF) World Press Freedom Index. RSF reported that journalists in the country “faced with intimidation, direct threats, censorship, lawsuits and bribery attempts, making it a dangerous profession.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Freedom Forum"}, {"start": 22, "end": 27, "label": "JOB", "value": "chair"}, {"start": 28, "end": 40, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Robert Iroga"}, {"start": 50, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Solomon Islands"}, {"start": 145, "end": 156, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 179, "end": 189, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 285, "end": 289, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kuku"}, {"start": 510, "end": 517, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 628, "end": 639, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 760, "end": 768, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 770, "end": 786, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua New Guinea"}, {"start": 805, "end": 808, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "180"}, {"start": 826, "end": 851, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reporters Without Borders"}, {"start": 858, "end": 883, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "World Press Freedom Index"}, {"start": 903, "end": 914, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20641, "source_text": "LGBTQ+ rights worsen in several countries following US policy changes\n\nAuthor’s note : This article specifically looks at the impact of the U.S policy changes on a sub-group, LBQT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Queer, Trans) people within the LGBTQ+ spectrum in South Asia, to understand the policy impact on people gender-assigned female at birth or trans-feminine people. “Women aren’t even allowed to choose their own life partner. So a same sex relationship is not an option,” Sandii, founder and general secretary of Mobbera Foundation in India, told me. Many activists working with the LBQT+ communities in South Asia share this opinion. As a gender professional from Pakistan said, “LGBT issues and rights are seen as Western ideas.” Given the mainstream understanding of trans identities in many countries in the region, trans people are often subjected to increased violence by religious forces, especially in places where homosexuality is criminalised, like in Pakistan and Bangladesh. However, queer activists believe that women’s sexuality is often erased. Nafisa, a queer woman from Pakistan, told me that there is a culture of invisibility: “You can be who you are, but don't say things out loud. My Allah is OK with it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "LGBTQ+ rights worsen in several countries following US policy changes"}, {"start": 71, "end": 77, "label": "JOB", "value": "Author"}, {"start": 251, "end": 261, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 478, "end": 485, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 498, "end": 507, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 511, "end": 529, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Mobbera Foundation"}, {"start": 533, "end": 538, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 549, "end": 553, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 554, "end": 563, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 602, "end": 612, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 663, "end": 671, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 788, "end": 792, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 960, "end": 968, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 973, "end": 983, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1009, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1093, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20642, "source_text": "It is not Islam but the culture.” She added, “Here [in Pakistan] I’m hyper aware of being a woman. I forget I’m queer.” Following USAID’s 90 percent funding cut, the Trump administration’s attempts to stifle gender expression have had a direct impact on gendered bodies worldwide — not just in access to resources and critical services, but also in getting recognition for their identity. I have been in conversation with non-profits, networks and funders working with the LBQT+ community in South Asia and the Caribbean nation of Belize to report on the impact. Despite a history of criminalising homosexuality, varying levels of legal milestones related to LGBTQ+ rights were achieved in India , Pakistan , Nepal , and Belize since 2017 — Trump’s first term in office. However, according to Joy Chia at the Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice , anti-trans rhetoric has been steadily increasing, and violence towards trans feminine people has multiplied enormously in Pakistan and Bangladesh in recent years. In addition, an LBQT+ rights activist from Nepal shared, “The actions by the US have now given the anti-queer actors in Nepal more power.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 138, "end": 140, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 492, "end": 502, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 511, "end": 520, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 531, "end": 537, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 690, "end": 695, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 698, "end": 706, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 709, "end": 714, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 721, "end": 727, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 734, "end": 738, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 793, "end": 801, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joy Chia"}, {"start": 809, "end": 847, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice"}, {"start": 972, "end": 980, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 985, "end": 995, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1050, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1056, "end": 1061, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1090, "end": 1092, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1133, "end": 1138, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20643, "source_text": "There have been protests against LGBT rights. LBQ+ activists who are visible have been targeted, and those in the closet find it difficult to come out.” Shifting political priorities and their impact According to a 2025 report by the Kaleidoscope Trust (UK), funding cuts to LGBTQ+ organisations and programmes are leading to an increasingly hostile security environment. Across nations, governments are shifting their political priorities with the change in the US position on gender issues, following which, big European donors — the Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark and Germany — have been shifting their funding priorities. Alex Farrow, CEO of Kaleidoscope Trust, said, “With the change in US position, other countries no longer feel a moral obligation to support these issues. Earlier, activists and organisations felt vindicated with the moral support from the US. The US held soft power to do things that might not happen otherwise.” However, the Mother’s Movement in Sri Lanka applauded the Trump administration’s attack on LGBTQ+ communities, requesting in a letter to the US embassy in the country that its fight continue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 60, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 215, "end": 219, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 234, "end": 252, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kaleidoscope Trust"}, {"start": 254, "end": 256, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 463, "end": 465, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 536, "end": 547, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Netherlands"}, {"start": 549, "end": 560, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Switzerland"}, {"start": 562, "end": 569, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Denmark"}, {"start": 574, "end": 581, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 629, "end": 640, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alex Farrow"}, {"start": 642, "end": 645, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEO"}, {"start": 649, "end": 667, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kaleidoscope Trust"}, {"start": 695, "end": 697, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 792, "end": 801, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 868, "end": 870, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 876, "end": 878, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 955, "end": 972, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Mother’s Movement"}, {"start": 976, "end": 985, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1085, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}]}
{"unique_index": 20644, "source_text": "In recent years, Astraea Foundation, through its work, has been noticing changes in the US and abroad that seem to have similar goals — consolidation of power and control over civil society. Joy Chia said that this policy shift has increased Astraea Foundation’s need to ensure its partners are safe from government overreach and scrutiny. “Shrinking civic space has been seen across South Asia since 2017. From a grant-making perspective, moving money and resources into South Asia has been deeply affected.” Funding cuts further limit available support Jean Chong of Asia LBQ Network shared that funding cuts have been a recurring discussion among LBQT+ organisations in South Asia. Even though they do not receive funds directly from the US government, these organisations access funds through intermediaries who redistribute them to smaller organisations. The funding cuts have impacted the intermediaries, and as a result the smaller LBQT+ organisations and those working on gender issues. “A lot of them get funding from feminist funds like Astraea, which has lost a lot of money from USAID,” Chong said, adding, “This has had a cascading effect, because LBQ groups are usually very poor and have only one or two grants.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 35, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Astraea Foundation"}, {"start": 88, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 191, "end": 199, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joy Chia"}, {"start": 242, "end": 260, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Astraea Foundation"}, {"start": 384, "end": 394, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 401, "end": 405, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 472, "end": 482, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 555, "end": 565, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jean Chong"}, {"start": 569, "end": 585, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Asia LBQ Network"}, {"start": 673, "end": 683, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 741, "end": 743, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1054, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Astraea"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1104, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chong"}, {"start": 1208, "end": 1218, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one or two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20645, "source_text": "So losing one grant could mean losing fifty percent or more of their funding.” Many sources observed the consistent pattern with every Republican administration in the US of cutting down funds for women’s health, abortion, contraceptives, HIV and LGBTQ+ rights. However, the pinch has been steep following the administrative change, especially given the generous funding for these organisations provided by the Biden administration. The archived website of the Global Equality Fund by the US government that supported grassroots LGBTQ+ organisations, mentions that it provided emergency support to individuals and organisations in over 100 countries. Funding cuts have led to reductions in life-saving programmes and in the size of teams in organisations. Many have shut down. The uncertainty about the future of their ability to do impactful work has led to a significant increase in stress and burnout, impacting the overall wellbeing of individuals working on these issues. Reimagining movement-building opportunities Some within the LBQT+ community in the region view the recent funding crisis as an opportunity to move beyond Global North funding.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 13, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 38, "end": 43, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "fifty"}, {"start": 79, "end": 83, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 168, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 461, "end": 481, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Equality Fund"}, {"start": 489, "end": 491, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 636, "end": 639, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}]}
{"unique_index": 20646, "source_text": "A gender professional from Bangladesh told me, “Lots of funds were available over the last 15–20 years without sufficient change. Organisations have been doing the bare minimum with no larger vision. [They] receive funding and organise meetings, photos, and reports, to check the boxes for the funders’ sake but with little policy impact or real change.” Another from Pakistan agreed: “It is good to lose funding because then we will revamp the way we work. The first world creates problems, then they give money to solve these problems. But there’s no real-life impact.” Organisations have been forced to reimagine the ways to raise funding to remain afloat, including fundraising beyond their work on rights-based issues. One head of a non-profit organisation working on queer issues in Bangladesh said they are exploring themes like climate change to sustain the work they do. “We are contemplating sharing resources and services with other [organisations] like renting out our spaces, catering, providing business to each other to sustain and rotate the funds. These conversations are still in a planning stage and will see the light once we run out of all our existing funds.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 37, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 91, "end": 93, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 94, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 368, "end": 376, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 724, "end": 727, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 789, "end": 799, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20647, "source_text": "Similar ideas are emerging halfway across the world in Belize. Charrice Talbert, president of Promoting Empowerment Through Awareness for Lesbian/bisexual women in Belize (PETAL) , said her organisation plans to raise funds by providing printing services for school students, among other ideas. Joy Chia at the Astraea Foundation shared about the rise of local philanthropic opportunities, particularly in India. Following the Trump administration’s decision to discontinue foreign funding, three transgender clinics , including India's first trans clinic, Mitr in Hyderabad, were shut down . Subsequently, the clinic reopened as Sabrang clinic in July 2025 with philanthropic support from Tata Trusts. In February 2025, Godrej Industries, Keshav Suri Foundation and Radhika Piramal, executive director of VIP Industries, in her individual capacity, launched the Pride Fund to support LGBTQ+ community organisations. In addition, Jean Chong shared that the Asia Feminist LBQ Network is helping set up an independent fund, the Queer Feminist Fund (QFF), as a ground-up, regional feminist funding initiative to provide flexible core support to grassroots collectives and initiatives that are often excluded from mainstream philanthropy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 61, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 63, "end": 79, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Charrice Talbert"}, {"start": 81, "end": 90, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 164, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 295, "end": 303, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joy Chia"}, {"start": 311, "end": 329, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Astraea Foundation"}, {"start": 406, "end": 411, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 491, "end": 496, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 529, "end": 534, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 648, "end": 657, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 706, "end": 719, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2025"}, {"start": 740, "end": 762, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Keshav Suri Foundation"}, {"start": 767, "end": 782, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Radhika Piramal"}, {"start": 784, "end": 802, "label": "JOB", "value": "executive director"}, {"start": 863, "end": 873, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pride Fund"}, {"start": 930, "end": 940, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jean Chong"}, {"start": 957, "end": 982, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Asia Feminist LBQ Network"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1045, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Queer Feminist Fund"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1050, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "QFF"}]}
{"unique_index": 20648, "source_text": "Alternative means of supporting movement building are under discussion in some cases and being tested in others; however, consistency and sustainability of these newer means remain a concern for most, and are nowhere close to sufficient to meet current on-the-ground needs. Worsening state of the left-out ‘L’ in LGBT Conversations about the US policy changes have also brought to light the pre-existing invisibilisation and misogyny experienced by LBQT+ people, and the silencing of the severity of their experiences because of political and policy developments. “Most LBQT+ organisations are much smaller than most LGBTQ+ organisations in the region, which have mainly focused on gay and transgender issues for a long time,” said Chong. Sources from across South Asia attribute the invisibilisation of LBQ+ persons to the long-running government programmes on HIV that mainly focus on gay men and trans women. “Within LGBTQIA+ spaces, gay men are visible. For women, there is no space. Gay men should use their privilege to create space for queer women,“ shared Nafisa, speaking about Pakistan.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 342, "end": 344, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 732, "end": 737, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chong"}, {"start": 759, "end": 769, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1095, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20649, "source_text": "Similarly, a queer woman working on LGBTQ+ rights in Bangladesh said that the public sees their organisation as a youth organisation. “We cannot be seen working on queer rights.” Continued criminalisation of homosexuality in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka has led to clubbing the rights of sexual minorities with gender diversity and gender issues. “We frame everything under gender diversity. We can’t talk about LBQ issues. It will become an existential threat if we did,” said a gender professional from Pakistan. Within the LBQT spectrum, hijras (an Indigenous identity in the transgender spectrum) are overrepresented, subjecting them to more violence, while LBQ+ persons remain invisible, according to a source working on these issues in Bangladesh. “The organising for LBQ+ persons has been more in the last decade or so. Funders also noticed this gap and tried to support women-led organisations,” she added. In contrast, Belize does not recognise the rights of transgender people. Currently, there is no way to change their gender on national documents or gain access to any kind of gender affirmative care in the country.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 53, "end": 63, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 225, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 237, "end": 245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 250, "end": 259, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 511, "end": 519, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 748, "end": 758, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 814, "end": 825, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last decade"}, {"start": 934, "end": 940, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 994, "end": 1003, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}]}
{"unique_index": 20650, "source_text": "Several organisations in Belize work on LGBTQ+ rights; however, PETAL is the only one working for the rights of LBQ women in the country, says Charrice Talbert, who heads the organisation. Further, Belize recognises the rights of heterosexual couples who live together in a common-law relationship. Magistrate Margaret McKenzie explained, “Belize does not recognise same sex relationships when it comes to legal issues. A common-law relationship between a man and a woman is legally accepted. When there is a breakup of that relationship, either party can get legal remedies.” Whereas, in South Asia, class and caste privilege also impact the access and visibility of LBQ women and non-binary persons. “Sustaining oneself in Dhaka also means that they are from a stronger socio-economic class,” said the source in Bangladesh. LBQ+ women from smaller cities and towns fear being seen in any queer events, giving rise to online engagement of the LBQ community, and with smaller private events like book readings that go beyond queer topics. In Pakistan, however, queer women seem to be absent even in online spaces for fear of being outed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 25, "end": 31, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 82, "end": 85, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 143, "end": 159, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Charrice Talbert"}, {"start": 198, "end": 204, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 299, "end": 309, "label": "JOB", "value": "Magistrate"}, {"start": 310, "end": 327, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Margaret McKenzie"}, {"start": 340, "end": 346, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 589, "end": 599, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 725, "end": 730, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 814, "end": 824, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1050, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20651, "source_text": "Talking about her challenges with finding community, Nafisa said, “In Islamabad, I met no queer women on Bumble. In Lahore, I met two women and one of them is married to a man. It is a lot to sustain two lives in Pakistan. I try not to think about companionship.” A Nepali queer woman said, “In Nepal, we are still talking about brahmin marrying a brahmin. If there’s no acceptance of caste, then [acceptance for] queer people will take a long time.” Nepal is the only country in the region that allows registration of same sex marriage following a temporary Supreme Court ruling in 2023, although this registration does not guarantee equal rights as offered to heterosexual couples. Another Nepali LBQ+ activist noted that lesbian women remain excluded in government programs for allowances provided for widowed women. “If a woman is over 20 years of age and widowed, they are entitled to an allowance. This is for heterosexual women. Lesbians cannot get this allowance if their partner dies.” Similar discrimination against LBQ+ women is prevalent in India, which decriminalised homosexuality in 2018.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 53, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nafisa"}, {"start": 70, "end": 79, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 130, "end": 133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 200, "end": 203, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 213, "end": 221, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 295, "end": 300, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 451, "end": 456, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 559, "end": 572, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 583, "end": 587, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 704, "end": 712, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 840, "end": 855, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years of age"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1058, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}]}
{"unique_index": 20652, "source_text": "This is one among many other latent forms of misogyny and re-discrimination and LBQ+ erasure that is prevalent in decriminalised contexts, owing to the lack of deliberate attempts by the state to amend policies and laws for LBQT+ inclusion. Worsening the existing erasure experienced by LBQT+ persons in countries with regressive and misogynistic politics and policies, the Trump administration’s position on gender issues has further pushed this community into the shadows. Most sources believe that the status quo is likely to remain the same, if not worsen in the near future. But hope may still prevail. In the words of Alex Farrow, the CEO of Kaleidoscope Trust, “In 1990, 114 countries criminalised homosexuality. By 2008, this was 78. That's a 30 percent reduction in under 20 years – achieved without major US or UK funding. So we did it before, and we will do it again. As a movement, we are agile.” One also hopes that this time, may this movement drive more countries to not only decriminalise homosexuality but also uproot their internalised misogynistic thinking at its core.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 11, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 18, "end": 22, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 624, "end": 635, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alex Farrow"}, {"start": 641, "end": 644, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEO"}, {"start": 648, "end": 666, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kaleidoscope Trust"}, {"start": 672, "end": 676, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990"}, {"start": 678, "end": 681, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "114"}, {"start": 723, "end": 727, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2008"}, {"start": 738, "end": 740, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "78"}, {"start": 751, "end": 753, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 781, "end": 789, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 815, "end": 817, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 821, "end": 823, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 909, "end": 912, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}]}
{"unique_index": 20653, "source_text": "Nawat language now has its own Wikipedia\n\nWikipedia in the Nawat language mainly spoken in El Salvador or “Wikiamachti” was formally recognized as an official Wikimedia site in January 2026, having spent 16 years as a Wikimedia incubator project. Until these projects are deemed ready for launch and approved by the Wikimedia Foundation's Language Committee , incubator projects must follow a process of development to ensure their viability and to reflect the language community's desire to have its own Wikimedia project. The project had been dormant for many years, until a group recently revived the project through community mobilization, technical training, and an acknowledgement that digital sovereignty is an essential element for the sharing of knowledge in Indigenous languages. Joining other official versions of Wikipedia in Indigenous languages of Latin America, such as Quechua , Aymara , Guaraní , Náhuatl , and Wayuunaiki , Wikiamachti is working with native, heritage, and new language speakers to create open knowledge in the Nawat language (or also spelled as Náhuat), which is classified by UNESCO as “critically endangered.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 40, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nawat language now has its own Wikipedia"}, {"start": 42, "end": 51, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 91, "end": 102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 177, "end": 189, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 204, "end": 212, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16 years"}, {"start": 316, "end": 357, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wikimedia Foundation's Language Committee"}, {"start": 557, "end": 567, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "many years"}, {"start": 825, "end": 834, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 862, "end": 875, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 1112, "end": 1118, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}]}
{"unique_index": 20654, "source_text": "Factors that led to this language loss in El Salvador includes the violent events in 1932 of La Matanza , a state-led repression that targeted Indigenous Nawat-language speakers, which forced Nawat language speakers across the country to abandon their language to escape persecution. Historically, the Nawat language had been spoken in parts of Mesoamerica, but is now mainly concentrated in Western El Salvador. Despite having only 1,135 native speakers according to the 2024 Salvadoran Census, it has enjoyed a relative revival through activities, such as the launch of different initiatives using digital media, such as a Living Dictionary , books on the Storyweaver platform, online videos , and other online content. One of these initiatives has been “ Timumachtikan Nawat ” (We Learn Nawat), a grassroots collective of native speakers, especially with the participation of elders, heritage speakers, activists, as well “new-speakers” which has been an instrumental part of this revitalization. In an effort to revive the Wikipedia project, for the past several years, the collective provided online and in-person workshops for the creation of neologisms, the use of the translate Wiki platform, and the creation of other tutorials to help new users learn the skills necessary for contributing to the site.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 42, "end": 53, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 85, "end": 89, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1932"}, {"start": 345, "end": 356, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mesoamerica"}, {"start": 365, "end": 368, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 400, "end": 411, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 433, "end": 438, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,135"}, {"start": 472, "end": 494, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "2024 Salvadoran Census"}, {"start": 625, "end": 642, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Living Dictionary"}, {"start": 658, "end": 669, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Storyweaver"}, {"start": 906, "end": 915, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1036, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1072, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past several years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20655, "source_text": "Part of the pathway to ‘graduate’ from incubator to official status is ensuring that the interface is available in the language and that there is a pathway to sustainability through a core group of volunteers. This is achieved by facilitating the creation of a community that meets both in person and virtually to ensure steady contributions. One of the challenges for many Wikipedia projects in non-dominant languages is that there are few source materials available in the these languages, which are necessary to confirm information in the articles. Due to the fact that much Nawat knowledge is traditionally passed down through oral tradition, there are not many written source materials written in the language. However, Nawat having its own Wikipedia allows Nawat speakers greater autonomy in deciding how to document locally significant knowledge. This creates an opportunity to write about people that may be underrepresented online, but whose contributions to local communities are more significant, but less known outside of these spaces. One such example, featured among the more than 1,000 articles now available on Wikiamachti, is the article about Nantzin Sixta Pérez García , a resident of Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Sonsonate, who was the author of the first Nawat dictionary.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 282, "end": 286, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 369, "end": 373, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 374, "end": 383, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 437, "end": 440, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 661, "end": 665, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 746, "end": 755, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1051, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1100, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 1110, "end": 1113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1161, "end": 1187, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nantzin Sixta Pérez García"}, {"start": 1252, "end": 1258, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}]}
{"unique_index": 20656, "source_text": "Following the announcement of this newest Wikipedia, an event was held in the city of Soyapango near the capital of San Salvador, to coincide with International Mother Language Day, which included speeches, music, and an opportunity to celebrate this milestone as a community. Rising Voices spoke with three participants of the program, including Tatiana Vanessa Flores de Constante, who shared her motivation for joining Wikiamachti: Por el amor que le tengo a nuestra lengua materna, ya que la familia de mi esposo es originaria de Cuisnahuat, Sonsonate, tuve el honor de conocer a sus bisabuelos, que eran nahuahablantes, y eso aumentó aún más mi deseo de poder aprender y honrar su memoria, mantenerla viva, y que otras personas o generaciones se interesen, como yo, en aprender esta lengua tan bella y tan nuestra, y ser parte de este evento tan histórico en nuestro país. Because of the deep love I have for our mother tongue, and since my husband’s family is originally from Cuisnahuat, Sonsonate (El Salvador), I had the honor of meeting his great-grandparents, who were Nawat speakers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 42, "end": 51, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 86, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Soyapango"}, {"start": 116, "end": 128, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "San Salvador"}, {"start": 277, "end": 290, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rising Voices"}, {"start": 302, "end": 307, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 347, "end": 382, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tatiana Vanessa Flores de Constante"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1016, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}]}
{"unique_index": 20657, "source_text": "That experience deepened my desire to learn and honor their memory by keeping the language alive. I hope that others and future generations become as interested as I am in learning this beautiful language that is so uniquely ours, and I am proud to be part of such a historic event for our country. Nawat is often learned as a second or even third language. There is also a global interest made possible by virtual classes. One student from Morocco started to learn the language because she understands the potential of this project. Another contributor to the project is Meryem Benzemroun from Rabat, Morocco, who had been taking online classes offered by Timumachtikan Nawat. She noted that seeing Nawat on a platform such as Wikipedia can send a powerful message to those that believe that Mesoamerican languages are “destined to be buried,” and incapable of discussing complex topics such as geology, technology or literature,” adding: El mayor impacto sería que las personas vean que su lengua sigue viva y fuerte, y que puede usarse en un entorno del siglo XXI con orgullo y facilidad, adaptándose a una nueva era.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 424, "end": 427, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 441, "end": 448, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 595, "end": 600, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rabat"}, {"start": 602, "end": 609, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 728, "end": 737, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20658, "source_text": "En segundo lugar, espero sinceramente que ofrezca a los nuevos estudiantes, e incluso a los hablantes avanzados, nuevas herramientas para leer en náhuat y así mejorar rápidamente sus habilidades de lectura. The greatest impact would be for [speakers] to see that their language is still alive and well, and that it can be used in a 21st-century environment with pride and ease. I sincerely hope it provides new students, and even advanced speakers, with new tools to read in Nawat and improve their skills quickly. José Antonio Guillen Landaverdes shares this same sentiment. As a math teacher in San Salvador, he said that he hopes that this project will “open doors so that more people learn about their roots, and that others can also be filled with ancestral wisdom from our nahua culture and the nawat language.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 586, "end": 593, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}]}
{"unique_index": 20667, "source_text": "When women organise, democracy survives: Why gender justice cannot be a casualty of global crises\n\nThis March, as the world marks International Women’s Day , women’s rights organizations are not waiting to be recognised — they are leading movements, defending rights, and redefining what democracy looks like. Yet, even as they drive change and hold societies together, they are confronting an increasingly hostile environment. Across regions, feminist movements and women-led civil society organisations face a convergence of crises that threatens decades of hard-won progress: a shrinking enabling environment, rising authoritarianism, digital repression, and a global funding landscape retreating precisely when it is most needed. This is a democratic issue, not a marginal one From Sudan to Afghanistan, from Guatemala to Senegal, women’s organisations are often the first to respond when institutions fail — providing protection, documenting abuses, mediating conflicts, defending land and labour rights and holding power to account. Yet today, many of these organisations are being systematically pushed to the margins , treated as optional rather than essential actors in social and political life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 97, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "When women organise, democracy survives: Why gender justice cannot be a casualty of global crises"}, {"start": 777, "end": 780, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 786, "end": 791, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 795, "end": 806, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}, {"start": 813, "end": 822, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Guatemala"}, {"start": 826, "end": 833, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1048, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20668, "source_text": "A perfect storm for feminist civil society Over the last two years, women-led and gender-focused organisations have been disproportionately affected by funding cuts and shifting donor priorities. As resources are redirected toward short-term humanitarian responses, security, or geopolitical interests, long-term investments in gender justice, women’s leadership and feminist organising are being deprioritised or framed as “non-essential. ” At the same time, the enabling environment for civil society is shrinking at an alarming rate. Laws restricting rights of association , assembly and expression are increasingly used against feminist and LGBTQ+ movements . Women human rights defenders face surveillance, online harassment, criminalisation and physical threats — the lack of protection or accountability is often alarming. In digital spaces, the backlash is just as real. Algorithms amplify misogyny, online violence silences women’s voices , and new technologies are deployed without safeguards for gender equality or human rights . Yet feminist organisations are rarely at the table where digital governance decisions are made. This combination — less funding, fewer freedoms and greater risk — is forcing many organisations into survival mode. And when feminist civil society is weakened, societies become more unequal, more polarised and less democratic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 52, "end": 66, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last two years"}, {"start": 670, "end": 692, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 1215, "end": 1219, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20669, "source_text": "Gender justice is not a side issue Despite this reality, gender equality is still too often treated as a thematic add-on or a box-ticking exercise, rather than a core political priority. But the evidence is clear : when women organise, communities are more resilient. When feminist movements are included, policies are more inclusive. On the contrary, when women’s voices are silenced, democratic backsliding accelerates . Gender justice is inseparable from civic freedom. There can be no meaningful democracy without the right to organise, protest, speak and dissent — and there can be no genuine enabling environment for civil society if women, girls or marginalised gender groups are excluded, targeted or underfunded. This is why the current moment demands more than statements of concern. It demands political courage and structural change. What needs to change — now As governments, donors, and multilateral institutions navigate an era of uncertainty and reform, three urgent shifts are needed: First, funding for feminist and women-led organisations must be protected and expanded, not sacrificed. Flexible, long-term, and core funding is essential for movements working under pressure — not short-term projects that ignore political realities on the ground. Second, the enabling environment for civil society must be actively defended.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 869, "end": 872, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 970, "end": 975, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 20670, "source_text": "This includes repealing restrictive laws, protecting women human rights defenders, and ensuring that digital spaces are governed with transparency, accountability, and gender equality at their core. Third, women’s movements must be treated as political actors, not just beneficiaries. From UN reform debates to climate negotiations, from peacebuilding to digital governance, feminist civil society must have a seat at the table — with influence, not tokenism. March with us: From solidarity to action This is why Forus launched the March With Us campaign for gender justice, rooted in collective action, storytelling and feminist leadership. March With Us is not about speaking for women; it is about creating space for women and gender-diverse activists to speak for themselves. Through articles, podcasts, multimedia storytelling, and speaking up in international advocacy spaces, the campaign amplifies voices that are too often excluded, despite being closest to the realities of injustice and resistance. At a time when fear and fragmentation threaten to define our politics, feminist civil society continues to offer something radical: solidarity, care, accountability and hope. This March, we choose to stand with them. Because defending gender justice is not optional. And because protecting women’s rights is nothing less than protecting democracy itself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 81, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 290, "end": 292, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 745, "end": 754, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20671, "source_text": "Democracy needs women: Feminist leadership in times of shrinking enabling environments for civil society\n\nAt a time when democratic backsliding is no longer an abstract warning but a lived reality across continents, feminist leaders are quietly — and often at personal risk — holding the line. From election monitoring in Tanzania to newsroom reform in Cameroon, from challenging toxic masculinities to confronting the power of digital platforms, women and feminist allies are defending the enabling environment for civil society in ways that reveal a critical truth: democracy is not gender-neutral, and when women’s participation is restricted, democracy itself weakens. An enabling environment for civil society is the foundation, not a footnote In Tanzania, feminist advocate Martina Kabisama has spent years working at the intersection of women’s political participation and social protection. For her, the link between democracy and gender justice is structural. “You cannot advance gender justice where civic space is restricted,” she argues. Kabisama’s work underscores a reality often overlooked in global policy debates: women’s political participation does not begin at the ballot box.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 104, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Democracy needs women: Feminist leadership in times of shrinking enabling environments for civil society"}, {"start": 322, "end": 330, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tanzania"}, {"start": 353, "end": 361, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 752, "end": 760, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tanzania"}]}
{"unique_index": 20672, "source_text": "It begins with safety, economic security, and the ability to organize. When women lack access to social protection systems — income support, legal protections, basic services — they are effectively excluded from civic life . Economic precarity limits mobility. It silences dissent. It narrows participation to those who can afford it. In contexts where the enabling environment for civil society is shrinking, whether — through restrictive laws, surveillance, or informal intimidation, — women activists are often the first to feel the pressure. In China, members of The Feminist Five were detained in 2015 s imply for planning a public campaign against sexual harassment on public transport , a move widely seen as an attempt to silence feminist organizing. Similarly, Moroccan blogger and human rights defender Saida El Alami has faced repeated arrests linked to her online criticism of authorities and advocacy for political detainees . Online spaces can also become sites of coordinated attacks: Brazilian journalist Patrícia Campos Mello faced a major harassment campaign after reporting on election disinformation , including threats and sexualised smear campaigns amplified by political actors.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 494, "end": 503, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 549, "end": 554, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 602, "end": 606, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 779, "end": 786, "label": "JOB", "value": "blogger"}, {"start": 791, "end": 812, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defender"}, {"start": 813, "end": 827, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saida El Alami"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1020, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1042, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Patrícia Campos Mello"}]}
{"unique_index": 20673, "source_text": "Across parts of East Africa, women have taken leading roles in election observation, community mediation, and civic education — not as symbolic participants, but as architects of democratic accountability. For Kabisama Martina , feminist leadership is not about representation alone. It is about transforming power structures so that democracy works for those historically excluded from it. Media narratives and the politics of masculinity In Cameroon, journalist and media executive Beau-Bernard Fonka Mutta approaches democracy from another angle: the cultural narratives that shape who is seen as legitimate in public life. Raised in an environment where boys were taught not to cry, not to show vulnerability, and to equate masculinity with dominance, Mutta reflects critically on how these norms spill into politics and media. “Society imposes on us what a man should be,” he says. You should not show emotion. You should be strong. Brave. Dominant.” These expectations do not remain confined to private life. They influence leadership styles, political discourse, and even newsroom cultures.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 27, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "East Africa"}, {"start": 165, "end": 175, "label": "JOB", "value": "architects"}, {"start": 443, "end": 451, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 453, "end": 463, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}]}
{"unique_index": 20674, "source_text": "“I remember a top executive at our news agency saying that whenever he wants to discuss serious issues, he makes sure just men are at the table because women are not intelligent. Their job, according to him, is to be pretty and on air; the brainstorming is reserved for men,” Beau-Bernard recounts. “I remember asking myself where I was and with what sort of people I was dealing with because I know many super intelligent women.” When dominance is normalized as strength, dialogue becomes weakness. When aggression is coded as authority, democratic debate narrows. MuttaBeau-Bernard ident ifies as a feminist African man — a position that challenges the idea that gender justice is a “women’s issue.” For him, healthy masculinity means rejecting violence, embracing emotional literacy, and supporting women’s leadership not as a concession but as a democratic necessity. The media plays a decisive role here. Newsrooms can either reproduce harmful stereotypes — portraying women as secondary, emotional, or unfit for leadership — or actively dismantle them. Journalism, Mutta argues, must interrogate the narratives it amplifies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 400, "end": 404, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20675, "source_text": "Because the media does not simply report on democracy, it shapes the conditions under which democracy functions. Digital power and democratic risk If traditional civic space is shrinking, digital space offers both opportunity and new danger. Cameroonian journalist and media leader Evelyn Mengue A Koung , recently appointed the first woman and youngest Central Director for Television at the country’s national broadcaster, sees the digital era as double-edged. On one hand, social media platforms allow women, even those in remote villages, to bypass traditional gatekeepers and tell their own stories. Digital tools can amplify marginalized voices, create networks of solidarity, and put local struggles on the international scene. “From your smartphone, you can make yourself known to the world,” Kounge explains. But the same platforms can quickly and easily become tools of silencing. Cyberharassment, coordinated disinformation campaigns, and algorithmic bias disproportionately target women in public life. A single false rumour can take years to repair. Online abuse pushes women out of political and media spaces — effectively shrinking democratic participation through digital violence. Koung also raises concerns about agenda-setting power.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 209, "end": 213, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 254, "end": 264, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 282, "end": 303, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Evelyn Mengue A Koung"}, {"start": 354, "end": 385, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Central Director for Television"}, {"start": 466, "end": 469, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1198, "end": 1203, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Koung"}]}
{"unique_index": 20676, "source_text": "Tech giants and content aggregators increasingly determine what is visible, what trends, and what disappears. In this environment, democratic discourse can be distorted — not by overt censorship, but by attention economies that privilege sensationalism over substance. According to her, public interest media must reclaim its ethical responsibility: to elevate overlooked social issues, to protect marginalized voices, and to resist becoming passive conduits for algorithm-driven narratives. Digital governance, then, is not just a tech issue — it is a democratic one. Democracy is not gender neutral Taken together, these stories reveal a shared pattern: feminists are not only participating in democracy, but they are also sustaining it. They are monitoring elections when trust erodes. They are advocating for social protection systems that enable civic participation . They are reforming media institutions from within. They are confronting toxic gender norms that normalize domination over dialogue . They are challenging online violence that seeks to silence them. Yet their work unfolds in increasingly hostile environments: shrinking enabling environments, rising authoritarian tendencies, digital repression, and cultural backlash.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20677, "source_text": "The erosion of women’s rights to organize, speak, and lead is not collateral damage. It is an early warning sign of democratic decline. When women are pushed out of public life, – whether through legal restrictions, economic exclusion, media stereotypes or online harassment, – democratic institutions lose legitimacy and resilience. Conversely, when feminist leadership expands, democracy deepens. It becomes more accountable, inclusive, and participatory . Women’s civic participation is not about political correctness but about democratic survival. As these leaders demonstrate, democracy does not defend itself. Women are defending it — in courtrooms, in classrooms, in newsrooms, in digital spaces, and in communities. The question is whether institutions will meet them with protection, resources and recognition, — or continue to treat their work as peripheral. In times of shrinking civic space, one truth remains constant: without women, democracy erodes — both offline and online.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 905, "end": 908, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 967, "end": 971, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20683, "source_text": "François Kaserake Kamate on global complicity and the fight for the DRC\n\n“ If we remain silent, Congo will soon disappear from the map , ” said François Kaserake Kamate in an interview with Global Voices. For Kamate, a climate and human rights activist from the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), silence means the erasure of communities, livelihoods, and human dignity in a conflict the world has largely chosen to ignore. For 13 years, Kamate has been involved in non-violent movements for justice and accountability, often at great personal risk. The Congo is one of the most resource-rich countries on Earth , yet its people remain among the poorest. For Kamate, this paradox lies at the heart of the conflict: “ Our natural resources have turned into a curse .” Minerals essential to global supply chains, used in phones, electric cars, and batteries, drive armed violence rather than development. This “resource curse” is sustained by a devastating loop of corruption , colonial-era ethnic divisions , and normalizing violence and resource exploitation, including illegal mining, massacres, and state repression .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 71, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "François Kaserake Kamate on global complicity and the fight for the DRC"}, {"start": 96, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 144, "end": 168, "label": "PERSON", "value": "François Kaserake Kamate"}, {"start": 190, "end": 203, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 209, "end": 215, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 231, "end": 252, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activist"}, {"start": 270, "end": 302, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Democratic Republic of the Congo"}, {"start": 304, "end": 307, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 441, "end": 449, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "13 years"}, {"start": 451, "end": 457, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 567, "end": 572, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 672, "end": 678, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}]}
{"unique_index": 20684, "source_text": "Non-violence in a militarized reality In this environment of violence, activism is not a common path to follow in the DRC. Kamate explained: People consider activists like us as useless and misguided. W e walk several kilometers on foot with simple messages, and people do not understand why we are trying to solve problems we are not responsible for. With the immediate threat of violence, child labor, and corruption, many young people of Kamate’s generation joined the militias to protect their resources, land, and families. He, however, chose a different path. He said: I was of violence, war, and the cycle of social injustices. I wanted to follow a non-violent path because I believed in peaceful strategies to change the paradigm . Kamate added: But in the DRC, activism is treated as a threat. As soon as we tell them the truth, demand our rights, they see us as enemies . It really surprised me that the national security forces decided to kill our comrades during our peaceful protests . This repression creates a widespread fear among civilians.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 118, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}, {"start": 123, "end": 129, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 157, "end": 166, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 210, "end": 217, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 420, "end": 424, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 441, "end": 447, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 740, "end": 746, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 765, "end": 768, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "DRC"}]}
{"unique_index": 20685, "source_text": "Kamate explained: “ Many times, when we organize our actions, people fear joining because they might lose their homes, their jobs, get arrested, tortured, or even lose their lives .” Over the years, Kamate has been arrested countless times, had to relocate to Kinshasa , and even lost his job as an educator. Three pillars of violence Such intimidation tactics are part of a broader strategy used by those in power to maintain control. Kamate describes ignorance, poverty, and corruption as the three pillars that sustain politicians and ongoing violence. He explained: They want people to be ignorant of their rights, too poor to think big, and therefore easier to corrupt . Under these conditions, survival becomes entangled with political obedience. Many civilians accept payments to support political agendas, protests, or even speak out against activism, out of economic desperation, strengthening a system that thrives on dependence. These internal pillars are reinforced by external actors whose interests benefit from instability rather than change. The international community and global responsibility Despite decades of high-level NGO presence, awareness alone has not translated into meaningful change.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 20, "end": 24, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 199, "end": 205, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 309, "end": 314, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Three"}, {"start": 436, "end": 442, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 495, "end": 500, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 522, "end": 533, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 753, "end": 757, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20686, "source_text": "While it’s been widely documented that militias and state forces abuse civilian rights , that armed groups operate in the interests of multinational companies , and that neighboring countries sponsor and support them to gain access to mineral wealth , NGOs or the international community often struggle to address root causes and structural violence. Kamate explained: When projects are implemented by international organizations, they do not consider the values, local voices, or communities. That’s why it is very hard and difficult to get positive results, and most of these projects do not succeed. This disconnection reflects a broader pattern in development and aid practices, known as “white saviorism,” where external solutions and interests overshadow local needs, knowledge, and agency. Kamate describes this as performative condemnation: “ They condemn them only on social media, radio, and television, but they do not stop this. They do not listen to us.” This gap between knowledge and action allows exploitation and violence to persist within the global economic system and value chains.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 351, "end": 357, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 797, "end": 803, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}]}
{"unique_index": 20687, "source_text": "The minerals extracted are essential to phones, electric vehicles, and other everyday technologies, linking international consumers and demand directly to the realities on the ground in eastern Congo. Hope as resistance Responsibilities for the ongoing crisis are shared across political institutions, corporations, and global markets. Kamate challenges the idea of individual powerlessness: “ Everybody has a role. If everyone participates, hand in hand, we can finally get what we are fighting for.” Yet, decades of violence and repression have left many people unwilling or unable to speak out. Kamate’s activism focuses on rebuilding solidarity among those who have suffered. He works with women who have lost their children and families, encouraging them to believe that change remains possible through non-violent and peaceful methods. In his interview with Global Voices, he repeatedly returned to the importance of hope. He said: This is not the end of life. Even though the situation is getting worse, we must have hope that tomorrow will be better than today .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 194, "end": 199, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 336, "end": 342, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 552, "end": 556, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 598, "end": 604, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 864, "end": 877, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1042, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "tomorrow"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1068, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20688, "source_text": "For Kamate, the urgency of the situation leaves no room for silence: “ If I keep quiet, Congo in twenty years will disappear completely from the map. If I do not act now, then when? If not me, then who?” His voice is one of many that need to be heard. There is a lack of space at both the international and national levels for young activists to express their demands, needs, and agendas. Kamate emphasizes that: “ If we have those spaces, I think that our voices will be heard because young people are not only the future of society, as most people say. We are the present and the future at the same time.” Kamate concluded: People in eastern Congo urgently need peace and justice. We are tired of suffering from situations we did not create. For too long, our country has been exploited by powerful external interests, while the world remains silent. We need international solidarity. People must understand that the resources they use every day come from places where others are paying the price. Standing with Congo means refusing silence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 88, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 97, "end": 109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "twenty years"}, {"start": 166, "end": 169, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 280, "end": 284, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 333, "end": 342, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 389, "end": 395, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 608, "end": 614, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kamate"}, {"start": 644, "end": 649, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 938, "end": 947, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1019, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}]}
{"unique_index": 20696, "source_text": "From menstrual dignity to digital safety: How grassroots feminists are redefining gender justice\n\nIn a secondary school in southern Nigeria, a teenage girl got her period during class hours. She had no sanitary pads. The teacher sent her home. For Udoka Anita Ikebua, then a young graduate posted to the school for national service, that moment became a turning point. “In the 21st century,” she remembers thinking, “how can a girl still not have access to something so basic?” This is how Ikebua’s initiative evolved into one of Nigeria’s most significant menstrual justice victories: in March 2025, Bauchi State passed the country’s first bill establishing free sanitary pad banks in public schools and correctional centers — a shift from charity to rights-based policy. Across continents, similar transformations are unfolding. In Pakistan, feminist advocates are reframing social protection as democratic infrastructure. In Paraguay, digital rights activists are challenging the normalization of gender-based violence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 96, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "From menstrual dignity to digital safety: How grassroots feminists are redefining gender justice"}, {"start": 132, "end": 139, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 221, "end": 228, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 373, "end": 389, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 21st century"}, {"start": 530, "end": 537, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 589, "end": 599, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2025"}, {"start": 601, "end": 613, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bauchi State"}, {"start": 834, "end": 842, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 928, "end": 936, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Paraguay"}, {"start": 953, "end": 962, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20697, "source_text": "Their struggles may look different — period poverty, policy reform, digital abuse — but they are united by a deeper truth: gender justice today is inseparable from economic security, digital safety, and institutional accountability. Nigeria: From pad donations to policy reform Ikebua founded Project Pad A Girl after witnessing firsthand how menstruation interrupted girls’ education. Initially, the solution seemed simple: distribute sanitary pads. But she quickly realized the limits of charity. “If I give one pad today,” she explains, “what happens next month?” Girls without access to sanitary products during their periods often resort to using tissue paper, rags, leaves, or simply staying home. Teachers would sometimes send students away if they stained their uniforms. The breakthrough came with the creation of pad banks: permanent, school-based emergency supply boxes stocked with menstrual products each term. Girls who begin menstruating during school hours can discreetly access supplies from the counselor’s office and remain in class. The impact has been immediate: improved attendance, reduced stigma, and a sense of security. “The idea that if my period comes, I am safe — that changes everything,” Ikebua says.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 138, "end": 143, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 233, "end": 240, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 293, "end": 311, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Project Pad A Girl"}, {"start": 510, "end": 513, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 518, "end": 523, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 554, "end": 564, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next month"}, {"start": 704, "end": 712, "label": "JOB", "value": "Teachers"}, {"start": 1219, "end": 1225, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ikebua"}]}
{"unique_index": 20698, "source_text": "Crucially, Project Pad A Girl intentionally includes boys in menstrual education sessions to dismantle shame. “As you are not ashamed of your body,” Ikebua tells male students, “you should not make a girl ashamed of hers.” The Bauchi legislation expanded this model further, to include correctional facilities, where incarcerated women often rely on rags and face severe hygiene risks. By introducing reusable sanitary pads designed to last months, the initiative centers dignity and sustainability. “It’s about being seen — even behind prison walls,” Ikebua explains. Yet challenges remain. Menstrual products are subject to a value-added tax, the removal of which advocates are lobbying for, but progress is slow in a male-dominated legislature where, Ikebua admits, “sometimes when you take it to men, they don’t really understand.” Pakistan: Social protection as feminist infrastructure For Marium Amjad Khan, programme manager at the Pakistan Development Alliance , feminism is not an abstract theory. It began with witnessing girls’ futures decided before they had a chance to dream. “Once you see inequality,” she says, “you cannot unsee it.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 29, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Project Pad A Girl"}, {"start": 436, "end": 447, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last months"}, {"start": 836, "end": 844, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 895, "end": 912, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marium Amjad Khan"}, {"start": 914, "end": 931, "label": "JOB", "value": "programme manager"}, {"start": 939, "end": 968, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pakistan Development Alliance"}]}
{"unique_index": 20699, "source_text": "Working at both grassroots and policy levels, Khan focuses on child marriage, domestic violence, sexual and reproductive health rights, and education governance. But increasingly, she emphasizes social protection — economic systems that determine whether women can withstand crises. Without economic security, democratic participation is fragile. Women burdened by poverty, unpaid care work, or climate shocks are less able to organize, advocate, or run for office. “Laws are only beginning,” Amjad explains. “Real change happens when communities begin to believe that girls deserve childhood, that women deserve safety.” Pakistan has passed important legislation in recent years, but implementation remains uneven. A central challenge, she notes, is awareness: many communities do not know their rights. Coalitions, therefore, are essential. The Pakistan Development Alliance brings together over 115 civil society organizations, amplifying collective voices in policy spaces. “When communities speak together, policymakers listen,” Khan posits. “They have to.” In a context of a shrinking enabling environment for civil society, global feminist solidarity provides reinforcement. “When space shrinks in one country, international networks remind us we are not alone.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 15, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 46, "end": 50, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khan"}, {"start": 622, "end": 630, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 762, "end": 766, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 847, "end": 876, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pakistan Development Alliance"}, {"start": 898, "end": 901, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "115"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1038, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khan"}, {"start": 1205, "end": 1208, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20700, "source_text": "For Khan, feminist leadership is not about being the loudest voice; it is about creating space for other voices. Paraguay: Digital violence is real While menstrual dignity and social protection operate in physical spaces, in Paraguay, the struggle unfolds online. TEDIC , a digital rights organization, leads the campaign, La Violencia Digital es Real ( Digital Violence is Real ), to challenge the idea that online abuse is somehow less serious than offline harm. “A message on the internet can cost someone their job, their safety, their peace,” explains project lead Jazmín Ruiz Díaz. For years, the internet was treated as neutral, a space that would naturally advance equality. Instead, inequalities have been amplified. TEDIC’s emblematic case is that of Belén Whittingslow , a student who accused a powerful university professor of harassment via explicit messages. The case was dismissed as “courtship.” She was later criminalized and forced to seek refuge abroad. The professor faced no legal consequences. The case illustrates the layered nature of digital violence, how power, institutions, and platforms intersect.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khan"}, {"start": 113, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Paraguay"}, {"start": 225, "end": 233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Paraguay"}, {"start": 577, "end": 586, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruiz Díaz"}, {"start": 761, "end": 779, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Belén Whittingslow"}, {"start": 815, "end": 835, "label": "JOB", "value": "university professor"}, {"start": 977, "end": 986, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}]}
{"unique_index": 20701, "source_text": "Beyond individual attacks, activists faced coordinated online harassment that attempted to silence their advocacy and discredit their work. The responses from institutions and the limitations of platform moderation further complicated the situation, revealing how gaps in accountability and regulation can allow online abuse to persist. In this way, the experience highlights how digital violence is not only a personal attack but also a structural issue shaped by social power dynamics, institutional responses, and the governance of digital platforms. Ruiz Díaz also notes that perpetrators are not only anonymous trolls. These actors can range from coordinated harassment networks and state-backed troll farms to the platforms themselves, where opaque moderation systems and algorithmic bias have been widely criticized. Investigations and media reports have documented cases where online attacks against women journalists, politicians, and activists are amplified by organized networks, while platform responses remain inconsistent. Through its Free and Safe on the Internet initiative, TEDIC provides digital security training to activists, LGBTQ+ communities, and civil society groups. The work is slow, incremental — “a work of ants,” Ruiz Díaz says — but necessary.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 554, "end": 563, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruiz Díaz"}, {"start": 914, "end": 925, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 927, "end": 938, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 944, "end": 953, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1144, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1242, "end": 1251, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruiz Díaz"}]}
{"unique_index": 20702, "source_text": "As new technologies emerge, so do new forms of harm. Deepfakes, non-consensual image manipulation, surveillance technologies, and AI tools have intensified risks. “Cyberspace is not separate from reality,” Ruiz Díaz emphasizes. “Violence online has real effects on bodies and minds.” Addressing it requires coordinated action from governments, tech companies, and civil society. But it also requires community care. “The exit is collective,” she says, “and joy is also a form of resistance.” Redefining gender justice What connects a pad box in a Nigerian school, a coalition meeting in Pakistan, and a digital security workshop in Paraguay? They each address a structural barrier that limits women’s participation in education, in governance, in digital public life. Menstrual dignity affects school retention and long-term economic opportunity. Social protection shapes political agency. Digital safety determines who can speak freely. These are not peripheral concerns. They are pillars of democracy. From classrooms to courtrooms to cyberspace, grassroots feminists are redefining gender justice — not as symbolic recognition, but as systemic transformation. And in doing so, they are reshaping the institutions that govern everyday life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 206, "end": 215, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ruiz Díaz"}, {"start": 587, "end": 595, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 632, "end": 640, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Paraguay"}]}
{"unique_index": 20703, "source_text": "Rumeen Farhana on politics, purpose, and the fight ahead in Bangladesh\n\nForget the “ Mother of Dragons ,” in Bangladesh, a different matriarch has taken flight, the “Mother of Ducks.” If you’ve read the news, scrolled online, or even glanced at a screen in Bangladesh lately, you’ve probably learned of Rumeen Farhana . She’s currently occupying more headspace in the national psyche than anyone else. Rumeen Farhana is a Bangladeshi barrister and politician previously affiliated with the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) , serving as its co-international affairs secretary. She entered politics under the mentorship of the former prime minister Khaleda Zia. For years, Farhana has been the unmistakable face of BNP in the Awami regime. As a Member of Parliament, she was often the solitary, piercing voice challenging the Awami League’s hegemony to its face. Yet, in a twist that mirrors the volatile nature of Bangladeshi politics, the 2026 elections saw her not as the party’s vanguard, but as a castaway. She won the Brahmanbaria-2 constituency as an independent candidate by a margin of 38,000 votes in the recently concluded 2026 Bangladeshi general election.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Rumeen Farhana on politics, purpose, and the fight ahead in Bangladesh"}, {"start": 109, "end": 119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 257, "end": 267, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 303, "end": 317, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rumeen Farhana"}, {"start": 326, "end": 335, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 402, "end": 416, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rumeen Farhana"}, {"start": 448, "end": 458, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 490, "end": 518, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 520, "end": 523, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 567, "end": 576, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 634, "end": 648, "label": "JOB", "value": "prime minister"}, {"start": 649, "end": 660, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}, {"start": 673, "end": 680, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Farhana"}, {"start": 715, "end": 718, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 745, "end": 765, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Member of Parliament"}, {"start": 826, "end": 838, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 941, "end": 945, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1101, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "38,000"}, {"start": 1134, "end": 1138, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 20704, "source_text": "After failing to secure a nomination from the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), she contested as an independent with her now-iconic “duck” symbol, and was later expelled from the party. The BNP administration had instead supported a candidate from an allied party against her. Since the duck was her official election symbol, she sat down for a press meet on February 13th with a literal, living duck curled up in her lap. The internet, doing what it does best, immediately lost its mind and crowned her the “Mother of Ducks.” Of all women candidates in this and the past elections, Rumeen has endured the most abject, horrific, and relentless forms of online and offline harassment. She had stood against her own party, the nation’s tide, violent attackers, and pretty much every form of populist political rhetoric that dominates Bangladeshi society. Throughout the election, political parties and non-partisan users from across the spectrum continually attacked, vilified, and released the worst forms of AI-generated hate and sexual content against her. Yet, despite all odds, the “Mother of Ducks” remains unbowed, undefeated, and unapologetically herself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 74, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 76, "end": 79, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 123, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 192, "end": 195, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 361, "end": 374, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 13th"}, {"start": 585, "end": 591, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rumeen"}]}
{"unique_index": 20705, "source_text": "In this exclusive interview with Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay of Global Voices, she speaks about her rupture with the BNP leadership, allegations of internal corruption, Bangladesh’s deepening gender fault line, and the shrinking space for dissent. Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay (AB): You’ve frequently alleged that during the recent national parliamentary elections, major political parties deployed millions of taka (BDT) and online bot armies against you. As an independent candidate, did you genuinely believe you could pull off a win against such organized forces? Rumeen Farhana (RF): Yes, I did. See, my politics revolves around Bangladesh’s most marginalized working-class people. So, I had to bet my everything on those unheard voices. What gave me confidence was the response I was getting on the ground. From day one, my campaign was all about welfare. I went door-to-door , spoke to them personally, listened to their problems, and gradually people came forward on their own. It has been my good fortune that they accepted me with such spontaneity and affection. I have never practiced identity politics, never weaponized religion for political gain, and never used hollow nationalism as a tool.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 33, "end": 56, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay"}, {"start": 60, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 113, "end": 116, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 165, "end": 175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 244, "end": 267, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abhimanyu Bandyopadhyay"}, {"start": 390, "end": 398, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 559, "end": 573, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rumeen Farhana"}, {"start": 625, "end": 635, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20706, "source_text": "Throughout the campaign, my core mantra was to address my constituents’ demands and needs. And I think people sensed that I wasn’t there to cash in. That I wouldn’t walk away from a position or be bought off with money. And because of that trust, I didn’t need any flashy rallies or expensive showdowns to prove my credibility. AB: In Brahmanbaria-2 constituency, both the BNP alliance and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami fielded candidates who are Islamic clerics, suggesting that religious influence was a significant factor in the constituency. Did you face any difficulty in making yourself acceptable to voters? RF: Not at all. There is an enormous gulf between the manufactured reality of Facebook bot accounts and the reality on the ground. The working-class people in the villages are far more transparent and open-minded than we give them credit for. Their daily struggle for food, clothing, and shelter is so intense that they simply do not have the luxury of indulging in any social media delulu. I went to them exactly as I am. I refused to feign a persona just to appear more acceptable. That would have been dishonest.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 364, "end": 368, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 373, "end": 376, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 390, "end": 416, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"}, {"start": 690, "end": 698, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 861, "end": 866, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 20707, "source_text": "The fact that they accepted me is clearly proven by the election results. I am even grateful to those who did not vote for me, who criticized me harshly, or attacked me with inappropriate language. Because their behavior inspired many ordinary people to stand more firmly in my favor. AB: Why did you decide to contest as an independent candidate? RF: I have been working in this constituency since 2017. In 2018, I was asked to step aside for a senior leader, with the promise that 2024 would be my turn. In 2024, the party again finalized my candidacy. Even the current Home Minister, Salahuddin Ahmed, called me to confirm that the Chairman himself had confirmed my seat. Then, suddenly, everything changed. In Bangladesh, major political parties largely operate on two things: money and sycophancy. If you can provide both, your nomination is secure. I had neither. So what happened was perhaps inevitable. Look at the hypocrisy. The Ameer of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami recently said that no woman can rise to the party’s top leadership. Women who join Jamaat do so knowing this reality .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 230, "end": 234, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 399, "end": 403, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 408, "end": 412, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 483, "end": 487, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 509, "end": 513, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 572, "end": 585, "label": "JOB", "value": "Home Minister"}, {"start": 587, "end": 603, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Salahuddin Ahmed"}, {"start": 635, "end": 643, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chairman"}, {"start": 714, "end": 724, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 769, "end": 772, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 947, "end": 973, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"}]}
{"unique_index": 20708, "source_text": "But those of us in the BNP believed that there would be no such gender based discrimination. Yet, in the end, not a single woman secured nomination independently of male patronage. Only three percent of nominees were women , and almost all of them inherited either their father’s or husband’s seat. If I only knew that it would require a man’s shadow to secure a ticket in BNP, I would never have gone there. We criticize Jamaat, but can anyone hold a top position in the BNP other than a member of the Zia family? Aren’t these two sides of the same coin? The day I decided to contest as an independent candidate, I knew that I could be expelled from the party. Although I didn’t expect it to happen so soon. There is also a personal cycle here. My father ( Oli Ahad ) was a freedom fighter in the liberation movement and also a founding member of the Awami League. In 1973, when the Awami League was at the height of its power, he contested as an independent candidate and won. Fifty-three years later, history repeated itself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 26, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 186, "end": 191, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 373, "end": 376, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 472, "end": 475, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 503, "end": 506, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zia"}, {"start": 528, "end": 531, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 852, "end": 864, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 869, "end": 873, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1973"}, {"start": 884, "end": 896, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 985, "end": 1002, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years later"}]}
{"unique_index": 20709, "source_text": "I am the same age now that he was then. Sometimes I feel it’s all part of God’s plan. If Baba (father) were alive today, he would have been immensely proud. AB: Why do you think you were expelled so abruptly? RF: Because for the past 17 months, I refused to stop speaking the truth. That truth may not have been comfortable for the party. I openly spoke out against their extortion rackets(chandabazi), their indiscriminate oppression of people and the oppsition party members, and their illegal businesses in sand and soil mining. Thus, Rumeen Farhana had become a problematic individual for them whom they needed to sideline as soon as possible. They even appointed a person accused in a murder case as Minister for Shipping, Roads and Bridges in the new government. It seems that over the last 17 months, the BNP owned the very people they claimed to expel or discipline.Sometimes I wonder if these people are the real members and perhaps I was the misfit. AB: You entered politics under the mentorship of former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 114, "end": 119, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 229, "end": 243, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past 17 months"}, {"start": 538, "end": 552, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rumeen Farhana"}, {"start": 705, "end": 713, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 792, "end": 806, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last 17 months"}, {"start": 812, "end": 815, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1030, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1042, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20710, "source_text": "You were expelled from the party on the day of her passing. Do you see a connection between the two events? RF: It was absolutely intentional. They didn’t even have the decency to discuss it with me first. And to choose that day? A moment of national mourning? They couldn’t wait two days? I feel pity for them. Where does this damn arrogance comes from? The August 5th mass uprising, which brought you people to power, was not even your own achievement. You guys are just reaping the rewards of others’ sacrifices. I just want to ask the current BNP leadership where were they during the 16 years of Sheikh Hasina’s rule? During the final years of the Hasina regime, I stood alone as the party’s vanguard while they were either hiding abroad or ducking under tables at home. In 2024, Rumeen Farhana was the only person who stood in Parliament and declared the election illegal to the Prime Minister’s face. Now that they have a taste of power, they want to label me an outsider?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 96, "end": 99, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 220, "end": 228, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that day"}, {"start": 280, "end": 288, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two days"}, {"start": 359, "end": 369, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 5th"}, {"start": 547, "end": 550, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 589, "end": 597, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16 years"}, {"start": 601, "end": 614, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 653, "end": 659, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hasina"}, {"start": 779, "end": 783, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 785, "end": 799, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rumeen Farhana"}, {"start": 885, "end": 899, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 908, "end": 911, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20711, "source_text": "Madam Khaleda Zia was like a guardian to me. Without her blessings, I could not have come this far. In 2018, even from jail, she sent a message to the secretary general that if anyone was to represent Brahmanbaria, it should be me. I joined this party because of her. I walked in her shadow. It seems the party leadership made it clear through my expulsion that from the moment of her passing, my journey within the BNP was over. B: How difficult is it for a woman to pursue politics in Bangladesh’s current socio-political climate? RF: It is exhaustingly difficult. In Bangladesh, we have this strange paradox. We’ve had women in top administration for decades, yet we have an insane level of misogyny embedded in our collective unconscious. Sometimes, I get the feeling that a large section of our society would only truly feel at peace if women were erased from the public sphere entirely. Let me give you an example of how deep this goes. I have many well-wishers who are highly educated people with degrees from prestigious foreign universities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}, {"start": 103, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 151, "end": 160, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 416, "end": 419, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 487, "end": 497, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 570, "end": 580, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 950, "end": 954, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20712, "source_text": "They come up to me and say, “You know, Rumeen, there isn’t a better female orator than you.” I usually just smile and ask them a simple question: “Who among the men is better?” People literally cannot process a reality where a woman’s merit isn’t qualified by her gender. So, they try to tuck me back into that neat little “female” box to make it feel less threatening. Over the last sixteen years, you won’t find a single man in my former party who stood as vocally or as fearlessly in the line of fire as I did. But as a nation, we have this systemic, almost cellular resistance to giving a woman her due. We’ll cheer for her, sure, but we hate to admit she’s the best in the room. It’s not like we can’t win an election; it’s the system that’s gatekeeping us from contesting. AB: Regarding attacks on women, we saw the Awami League’s “ Helmet Bahini ” (helmet brigade) do it, and we’ve seen similar patterns under the interim government .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 39, "end": 45, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rumeen"}, {"start": 379, "end": 397, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last sixteen years"}, {"start": 822, "end": 834, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}]}
{"unique_index": 20713, "source_text": "On February 20, at midnight, just one day after the elected government was established, you were attacked at the Shaheed Minar by BNP supporters. What is your take on this? RF: Right now, the biggest threat to the BNP is the BNP itself. They secured a two-thirds majority in Parliament. The Awami League is not currently active in the field. Therefore, they are running an unbalanced parliament alongside their former allies. If they cannot restrain and civilize their own cadres, the BNP is headed for dark days. However, when I look ten or fifteen years down the road, I struggle to see a place for the BNP in the long-term future of Bangladeshi politics. I believe our political landscape will likely return to a two-party system. On one side, there will be Jamaat and its allies, and on the other, the Awami League and the left. I don’t think the BNP can survive by trying to hold the middle ground unless they treat their two-thirds majority as a threat and implement constant checks and balances.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 14, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 20"}, {"start": 19, "end": 27, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "midnight"}, {"start": 34, "end": 47, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one day after"}, {"start": 130, "end": 133, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 183, "end": 186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 214, "end": 217, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 225, "end": 228, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 291, "end": 303, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 311, "end": 320, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 485, "end": 488, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 535, "end": 538, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 542, "end": 555, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "fifteen years"}, {"start": 605, "end": 608, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 737, "end": 740, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 806, "end": 818, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 851, "end": 854, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}]}
{"unique_index": 20714, "source_text": "If they don’t refine themselves, if they don’t strictly monitor their workers, they will lose their public connection soon. AB: During the interim period, we saw a dangerous normalization of violence, where mobs could torch media offices and walk away with total impunity, knowing no one would touch them. Do you feel that same current is flowing through this new administration? RF: It’s a disgrace, and it’s deeply alarming. The mob violence you’re talking about isn’t just a series of isolated incidents; it’s a manufactured culture. When I was attacked, those people had that exact sense of invulnerability in the back of their minds. And frankly, the government’s silence has only proven them right. To this day, no one from the administration has even bothered to reach out to me, let alone talk about justice. There is no oppressor more terrifying than a former victim who finally gets a taste of power. After fifteen years of being suppressed, BNP cadres have become completely unhinged. They won’t tolerate any dissent. The tragedy is that the Bangladeshi bureaucracy and the police force remain as nakedly politicized as ever.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 708, "end": 716, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this day"}, {"start": 917, "end": 930, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "fifteen years"}, {"start": 952, "end": 955, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}]}
{"unique_index": 20715, "source_text": "They’ve just changed colors. If this lawlessness isn’t brought under control immediately, the BNP is going to find itself facing a very grim future. You can’t govern a country through the whims of a mob. AB: What are the biggest challenges ahead of the BNP government? RF: The first is undoubtedly the economy. It’s catastrophic. We’re looking at over 600,000 Crore Taka in defaulted loans, with the total national debt likely hitting the 40 Lakh Crore mark. Recovering the economic infrastructure from is going to be a massive uphill battle. The second is law and order. What happened to me on 21st February is just a small snapshot of the current state of security. Bringing stability back to the streets is easily one of the government’s toughest jobs right now. Thirdly, as I said before, the government itself is its own biggest challenge. Having a two-thirds absolute majority is a double-edged sword; it’s dangerous for any organization. To keep that many party workers and activists in check, you need a highly professional, proactive police force.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 94, "end": 97, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 253, "end": 256, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 352, "end": 359, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "600,000"}, {"start": 439, "end": 441, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 595, "end": 608, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "21st February"}, {"start": 761, "end": 764, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 958, "end": 962, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 981, "end": 990, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20716, "source_text": "We don’t have that level of professionalism yet. If we did, the mob that had attacked me right in front of the police, would have been caught then and there. The BNP administration has to put an end to this mob culture, otherwise they will simply get eaten by their own people. Lastly, it’s the commodity prices. With Ramadan right around the corner, prices for essentials have already taken a massive leap. Although people are staying quiet for now but that patience won’t last forever. Apart from these there are plenty of other challenges as well. Let’s see how the government deals with them. AB: As a Member of Parliament, what will your priorities be? RF: My first priority is infrastructure, especially roads. Secondly, ensuring gas supply in Brahmanbaria. We have gas fields here, yet many households do not have access to gas. I want to ensure that the people of Brahmanbaria benefit first. Thirdly, I want to modernise health centres, schools and colleges, madrasas, temples and mosques, as well as other educational and social institutions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 162, "end": 165, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 446, "end": 449, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 606, "end": 626, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Member of Parliament"}, {"start": 793, "end": 797, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20717, "source_text": "Ashuganj is a commercial hub, with gas resources, power plants, a fertiliser factory, and a river port. I want to utilise these potentials to increase investment and create employment opportunities. AB: Do you think your victory will inspire more women to join politics? RF: I hope so. As of now, I’m already feeling a shift. But I do have a concern. Many women in Bangladesh internalize a permanent victim identity. I haven’t seen this pattern as strongly in the West or even in India. This likely stems from years of oppression that have embedded deep insecurities within them. The next generation must move beyond this mindset. Dear girls, trust your own strength, fix your gaze on your target, and be prepared for the sheer level of patience, labor, and sacrifice required to get there. Bangladesh’s political culture suffers from a chronic lack of well-educated people. Even when such individuals do enter, they get systematically sidelined . If we want to change the trajectory of this nation, we need more educated individuals, especially women, to step into politics.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 292, "end": 295, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 351, "end": 355, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 365, "end": 375, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 480, "end": 485, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 791, "end": 801, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20723, "source_text": "From Gaza to Lebanon and Iran: The normalization of atrocity\n\nFor two years, as the genocide in Gaza was unfolding live in front of the world’s eyes, we have warned. For decades, we have documented the hypocrisy that underpins international law and the selective outrage that defines global responses to conflict, which only serve to feed these conflicts. Today, those warnings are no longer theoretical — they are playing out in real time across West Asia, as the war crimes normalized in Gaza now serve as the blueprint for new theaters of destruction in Lebanon and Iran. Gaza as precedent Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza was never an isolated incident. It was the extreme iteration of a doctrine that has been developing for decades and facilitated by decades of impunity. Israel’s “ Dahyieh doctrine , ” unleashed on the Lebanese capital during the 2006 war, was explicitly about destroying civilian infrastructure or “ domicide ” to pressure governments through collective punishment of the civilian population.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "From Gaza to Lebanon and Iran: The normalization of atrocity"}, {"start": 66, "end": 75, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years"}, {"start": 356, "end": 361, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 447, "end": 456, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Asia"}, {"start": 495, "end": 498, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 557, "end": 564, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 569, "end": 573, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 593, "end": 599, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 776, "end": 782, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 853, "end": 857, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}]}
{"unique_index": 20724, "source_text": "This doctrine, named after the southern Beirut suburb known as “Dahyieh” (literally “suburb”), established a dangerous precedent: collective punishment of civilian populations could be publicly presented as legitimate military strategy without consequences. Gaza represented the extreme version of this approach . Now, with the wars on Lebanon and Iran by the U.S. and Israel, we see the same pattern. The tactics are familiar, the rhetoric is consistent, and the international response — or lack of it — is predictably skewed. A dangerous pattern Lebanon became the second major theater in 2024 and now again in 2026, mirroring the Gaza playbook but with some regional adaptations. The displacement of populations from Dahyieh, southern Lebanon and the Bekaa valley, nearly 1 million people , follows the same demographic engineering strategy seen in Gaza — forcing civilian populations, in this case predominantly the Shia community, to flee, then destroying the territory, including infrastructure, homes, and poisoning soil so that life can no longer exist. Medical workers in Lebanon have faced deliberate targeting, with reports of hospitals being threatened and having to be evacuated.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 314, "end": 317, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 336, "end": 343, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 348, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 360, "end": 364, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 369, "end": 375, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 548, "end": 555, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 591, "end": 595, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 600, "end": 603, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 613, "end": 617, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 738, "end": 745, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 775, "end": 784, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1 million"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1088, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}]}
{"unique_index": 20725, "source_text": "This echoes the systematic targeting of healthcare infrastructure in Gaza, where ambulances, medical personnel, and hospitals became frequent targets. Israeli attacks on United Nations peacekeepers in southern Lebanon represent another dangerous escalation, undermining international humanitarian law and the protections afforded to peacekeeping forces, though again met with little repercussions on the attackers. In Iran, attacks on civilian infrastructure have created environmental disasters of catastrophic proportions. The bombing of oil storage facilities in Tehran and other Iranian cities has unleashed environmental crises that will affect generations. These attacks on civilian infrastructure — desalination plants , oil facilities, media outlets, public utilities, among many others — represent clear violations of international humanitarian law and are also met with little repercussions on the aggressors. Article 54 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions explicitly prohibits attacks on objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, including foodstuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations, and irrigation works. The rhetoric of terror Perhaps most disturbing has been the public rhetoric from U.S. and Israeli officials.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 170, "end": 184, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 210, "end": 217, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 418, "end": 422, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 783, "end": 787, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 963, "end": 969, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Geneva"}, {"start": 1253, "end": 1257, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}]}
{"unique_index": 20726, "source_text": "A recent post by U.S. President Donald Trump on Truth Social threatened that “we will take out easily destroyable targets that will make it virtually impossible for Iran to ever be built back, as a Nation, again — Death, Fire, and Fury will reign upon them.” Such statements represent not just inflammatory rhetoric but explicit threats of collective punishment. This is not a single occurrence; we hear it from Secretary of War Pete Hegseth, for instance, when he says that “the only ones who need to worry are the Iranians who think they’re gonna live.” Or senior United States senator from South Carolina, Lindsey Graham, and one of Trump’s closest advisors and staunchest Israel supporters, who said: “We flattened Berlin, we flattened Tokyo. Were we wrong to drop an atomic bomb to end the Japanese reign of terror? … If I were Israel, I would have probably done it the same way.” This is added to the countless documented statements by Israeli officials blatantly announcing intent to commit genocide and, more recently, explicitly stating their intent to repeat their crimes in Gaza, this time in Beirut and Tehran. These public statements are not mere bluster; they serve as advance notice of intended violations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 21, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 22, "end": 31, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 32, "end": 44, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 165, "end": 169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 412, "end": 428, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary of War"}, {"start": 429, "end": 441, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pete Hegseth"}, {"start": 566, "end": 579, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 580, "end": 587, "label": "JOB", "value": "senator"}, {"start": 636, "end": 641, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 652, "end": 660, "label": "JOB", "value": "advisors"}, {"start": 676, "end": 682, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 833, "end": 839, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}]}
{"unique_index": 20727, "source_text": "When officials announce their intentions to make living conditions unbearable for a group of people, they are essentially admitting to plans that violate fundamental principles of international law and literally the definition of genocide, including “deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part.” We have seen this again and again in Gaza, and later in Lebanon and now also in Iran, with Israeli and U.S. officials boasting their intended crimes before committing them. Selective outrage While condemnations of Iran and Hezbollah are issued with predictable regularity, imposing sanctions and unleashing armies, there is deafening silence about the aggressors who are not only responsible for starting the ongoing war in the first place, but whose war crimes are immeasurably larger and certainly more deadly. This includes the murder of over 175 Iranians, most of them little schoolgirls, on the first day of attacks by the U.S. The international community’s selective outrage reveals the hypocrisy that underpins the so-called “ rules-based international order ,” and only confirms to those who feel unprotected by it that they need to seek alternative ways to protect themselves.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 436, "end": 443, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 448, "end": 451, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 460, "end": 464, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 483, "end": 487, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 594, "end": 598, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 926, "end": 929, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "175"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1012, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}]}
{"unique_index": 20728, "source_text": "What makes this double standard particularly glaring is the economic calculus driving the silence. All that matters, it seems, is keeping the Hormuz Strait open so that oil continues flowing and money continues to change hands. The lives of civilians in Lebanon and Iran, and elsewhere in the region, for that matter, appear to be secondary to economic interests. The end of international law’s façade What we are witnessing is not just the escalation of conflict; it is the death of international law as a meaningful constraint, however limited, on powerful states. When war crimes are announced in advance and committed openly, when civilian displacement becomes a stated objective, and when environmental destruction is treated as collateral damage, we have moved beyond the realm of legal gray areas into a world where might makes right. The international community’s failure to act, its selective condemnation, and its economic complicity all point to that same conclusion.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 142, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hormuz Strait"}, {"start": 254, "end": 261, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 266, "end": 270, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 20729, "source_text": "European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas openly acknowledged the collapse of the international legal order when they called on Europe to adapt to a “chaotic, coercive world order” amid “mounting violations of international law.” In her March 2026 speech, von der Leyen admitted that “we cannot solve every global issue or perfectly reconcile our values and our interests on each occasion,” effectively signaling the EU’s acceptance of a post-international-law reality. This admission of powerlessness comes as the European Union itself bears significant responsibility for the current destruction. Through decades of appeasement toward Israeli occupation policies, complicit silence on collective punishment in Gaza, and prioritization of energy security over human rights, the EU has actively enabled the normalization of war crimes that are now being replicated in Lebanon and Iran. The bloc’s strategic interests, including maintaining access to Hormuz Strait oil flows, have consistently overridden its professed commitment to international law, making von der Leyen’s call for adaptation less an acknowledgment of external circumstances and more an admission of the EU’s own role in dismantling the very legal framework it claims to uphold.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 19, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Commission"}, {"start": 30, "end": 50, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ursula von der Leyen"}, {"start": 55, "end": 114, "label": "JOB", "value": "High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy"}, {"start": 115, "end": 126, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kaja Kallas"}, {"start": 213, "end": 219, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 322, "end": 332, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 349, "end": 354, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leyen"}, {"start": 502, "end": 504, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 600, "end": 614, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 864, "end": 866, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 929, "end": 932, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 953, "end": 960, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 965, "end": 969, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1048, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hormuz Strait"}, {"start": 1151, "end": 1156, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leyen"}, {"start": 1257, "end": 1259, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}]}
{"unique_index": 20730, "source_text": "In a recent speech during the Munich Security Conference, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio called on his European allies to “not be shackled by guilt and shame” over their “culture and heritage,” and called for a return to “the West’s age of dominance.” Rubio continued: “This is what we did together once before, and this is what President Trump and the United States want to do again now, together with you.” The speech was met not with horror about a call for reviving one of humanity’s most brutal centuries of colonialism and slavery, but with a standing ovation from the European leaders in the room. A future of normalized atrocity Unless there is a dramatic shift in global consciousness and political will when people in the countries that produce the world’s most advanced weapons and unleash wars abroad react not because gas prices are rising but because bankrolling war crimes committed in their names is wrong, we can expect this pattern to continue. The normalization of these war crimes has created a dangerous precedent — or return to a tradition of brutal colonialism — that could be applied anywhere, anytime, yet again.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 58, "end": 62, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 63, "end": 81, "label": "JOB", "value": "Secretary of State"}, {"start": 82, "end": 93, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marco Rubio"}, {"start": 257, "end": 262, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rubio"}, {"start": 334, "end": 343, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 344, "end": 349, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 358, "end": 371, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 389, "end": 392, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20731, "source_text": "When powerful states can act with impunity, when they can announce their intentions to commit atrocities and then follow through without consequence, the entire framework of international law becomes meaningless, even as a smokescreen. The warning issued over two years ago — that Gaza was the blueprint for a bleak future for the whole world — was not hyperbole. It was a factual observation of where we were headed. Today, that future is not just closer; it is already here. The question no longer is whether these actions are war crimes; we have enough evidence to make that determination. The question is whether the world will finally muster the courage to acknowledge the truth and hold the powerful accountable by applying sanctions to the criminals and practical measures to pressure them, or whether it will continue down the path of complicity through silence and selective outrage. The answer will determine not just the fate of Lebanon, Iran and Palestine, but the future of a planet reeling under the pressure of human-made destruction.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 260, "end": 273, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years ago"}, {"start": 418, "end": 423, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 940, "end": 947, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 949, "end": 953, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 958, "end": 967, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Palestine"}]}
{"unique_index": 20732, "source_text": "Authorities push back against International Women’s Day march in Pakistan\n\nThis year, on March 8, International Women’s Day , participants of the Islamabad chapter of the Aurat March (Women’s March) faced extreme brutality and arrests by the authorities after attempting to hold their annual rally in Pakistan’s capital. Organizers from the feminist collective Hum Aurtein say police used force to disperse the gathering and arrested more than 35 women, including several well-known activists. Authorities accused the group of violating Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, a legal provision that bans public assemblies in designated areas. The detainees were released later that evening after nearly 10 hours in custody. For the past eight years , Aurat March organizers have marked International Women’s Day (March 8) with creative demonstrations to raise awareness against patriarchy and advocate for the rights of women and marginalized communities in Pakistan. Over the years, marches have been typically organized in several major cities, including Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, and Multan, where the four chapters are based.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 73, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Authorities push back against International Women’s Day march in Pakistan"}, {"start": 75, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This year"}, {"start": 89, "end": 96, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 8"}, {"start": 146, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 171, "end": 182, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 301, "end": 309, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 321, "end": 331, "label": "JOB", "value": "Organizers"}, {"start": 361, "end": 372, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hum Aurtein"}, {"start": 444, "end": 446, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35"}, {"start": 464, "end": 471, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 483, "end": 492, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 685, "end": 697, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that evening"}, {"start": 711, "end": 719, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 hours"}, {"start": 740, "end": 756, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past eight years"}, {"start": 759, "end": 770, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 771, "end": 781, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 821, "end": 828, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 8"}, {"start": 966, "end": 974, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1040, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1065, "end": 1074, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 1115, "end": 1119, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}]}
{"unique_index": 20733, "source_text": "While the rallies have often faced pushback from authorities and conservative religious groups, organizers say this year’s detentions in Islamabad marked an unusually severe response. On the morning of March 8, Aurat March organizers and participants gathered at a supermarket in Sector F-6, intending to march toward the Islamabad Press Club located downtown. Before the rally could begin, police detained the group and transported them in prison vans. Their mobile phones were confiscated, and they were taken to the Women’s Police Station in G-7. Witnesses said that friends and family members who arrived at the station seeking information about the detainees were also threatened with arrest. Global Voices reporter at the scene observed police officers baton-charging people gathered outside the G-7 Women’s Police Station. Anyone standing near the station risked being detained. The area had been placed under heavy security, with a large police presence surrounding the building. And when members of the Global Voices reporting team attempted to document the situation, officers warned that they could also be arrested if they did not leave.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 96, "end": 106, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 111, "end": 120, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 137, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 202, "end": 209, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 8"}, {"start": 211, "end": 222, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 223, "end": 233, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 322, "end": 331, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 519, "end": 541, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Women’s Police Station"}, {"start": 698, "end": 711, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 712, "end": 720, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporter"}, {"start": 743, "end": 758, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officers"}, {"start": 802, "end": 828, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G-7 Women’s Police Station"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1025, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1086, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20734, "source_text": "Several individuals who tried to approach or enter the station were taken into custody. According to a list issued by security authorities, a copy of which was obtained by Global Voices, at least 27 men and 34 women were taken into custody. Section 144 imposed in Islamabad Police said the participants were detained for violating Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, a legal order that restricts public gatherings and had been in place in Islamabad since the previous week. Authorities imposed the measure after protests erupted following reports that Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, had been killed in strikes reportedly carried out by Israel and the United States. Police also circulated a document stating that Aurat March organizers had been informed in advance about the Section 144 restrictions. However, participants disputed this claim, saying they had not received any such notice. Journalist Azaz Syed shared the document on X (formerly Twitter): The Global Voices team spoke to several people who had been detained outside the G-7 Women’s Police Station.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 172, "end": 185, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 196, "end": 198, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27"}, {"start": 207, "end": 209, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 264, "end": 280, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamabad Police"}, {"start": 450, "end": 459, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 470, "end": 483, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous week"}, {"start": 563, "end": 567, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 596, "end": 608, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ali Khamenei"}, {"start": 663, "end": 669, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 678, "end": 691, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 740, "end": 751, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 752, "end": 762, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 917, "end": 927, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalist"}, {"start": 928, "end": 937, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Azaz Syed"}, {"start": 961, "end": 962, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 973, "end": 980, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 987, "end": 1000, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1022, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1090, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G-7 Women’s Police Station"}]}
{"unique_index": 20735, "source_text": "Many said they had been held together in cramped conditions in a single cell. Mavra Bari, a sociologist and activist, said nearly 80 women and children were confined in a small cell with a nonfunctional washroom and little space to sit. She noted that girls as young as 14 were among the detainees and that they were not allowed to contact their families. Bari said she had gone to the station only to check on her mother and sister, not as a march participant, and alleged that police violently snatched phones, pushed and shoved people, and even pulled some women’s hair and clothing. Male allies who accompanied them were beaten with batons, with one suffering fractures. According to Bari, the arrests of about 34 women and 34 men took place despite no violation of Section 144, as many were simply outside the station inquiring about detained organizers. “The treatment was inhumane,” she said, adding that many detainees were released only after signing undertakings related to Section 144.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 78, "end": 88, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mavra Bari"}, {"start": 92, "end": 103, "label": "JOB", "value": "sociologist"}, {"start": 108, "end": 116, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 130, "end": 132, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80"}, {"start": 270, "end": 272, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 356, "end": 360, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bari"}, {"start": 650, "end": 653, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 688, "end": 692, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bari"}, {"start": 715, "end": 717, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 728, "end": 730, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 848, "end": 858, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 912, "end": 916, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20736, "source_text": "She emphasized that Aurat March is intended as a “creative celebration of International Women’s Day,” designed to highlight issues such as gender-based violence and the persecution of activists. “The arrests stood in stark contrast to official messages celebrating women’s rights on the same day,” she said. One woman, who requested anonymity, told Global Voices that detainees were pressured to sign an affidavit containing threatening language. According to her, the document stated that they had caused a “disturbance to the police” and committed various legal violations, and included a clause requiring them to pledge that they would not participate in similar events again. Even journalists were not spared. Those who went to cover the incident and speak with the families of the participants were reportedly detained and manhandled. Condemnations Freedom Network, an organization that monitors press freedom violations, issued a statement condemning the crackdown on both the Aurat March participants and the journalists. Aurat March organizers, alongside the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, held a press conference at the Islamabad Press Club to protest the police’s handling of the march.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 31, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 184, "end": 193, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 283, "end": 295, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the same day"}, {"start": 308, "end": 311, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 349, "end": 362, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 685, "end": 696, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 840, "end": 869, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Condemnations Freedom Network"}, {"start": 974, "end": 978, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 983, "end": 994, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1027, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1040, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1051, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1102, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Commission of Pakistan"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1144, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}]}
{"unique_index": 20737, "source_text": "They spoke out against the manhandling, threats, and the pressure to sign what they described as unreasonable affidavits. The organizers demanded an investigation into the incident and called for accountability for those responsible. During the conference, they acknowledged that Section 144 had been in effect in the federal capital but emphasized that civil society does not accept laws that violate citizens’ fundamental rights. They also said that authorities had warned of a potential suicide bomber threat. Meanwhile, friends and family members who went to the police stations to check on the detainees were reportedly detained themselves and faced threats. Human rights activists criticized the government’s response. Nishat Maryam told Global Voices that state pressure around the march has intensified over the years, but this year’s crackdown was unprecedented. She added that it reflected the state’s priorities: “Rapists roam freely, yet the state targets unarmed, peaceful protesters. As a woman, I condemn this behavior — it generates deep anger and frustration,” she said. Syeda Kashamala, a lawyer detained while checking on colleagues, questioned the legality of the arrests.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 126, "end": 136, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 664, "end": 686, "label": "JOB", "value": "Human rights activists"}, {"start": 725, "end": 738, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nishat Maryam"}, {"start": 744, "end": 757, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 831, "end": 840, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1103, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syeda Kashamala"}, {"start": 1107, "end": 1113, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}]}
{"unique_index": 20738, "source_text": "“Article 16 of the Constitution guarantees the right to peaceful assembly, while Article 19 protects freedom of expression,” she said, noting that Section 144, a colonial-era provision historically used to curb dissent, restricts public gatherings. “It is troubling that such a law is still used in a constitutional democracy where assembly is a fundamental right,” Kashamala added. Articles 9 and 10 provide safeguards against arbitrary detention and protect the grounds of arrest. Police initially sought to apply Sections 188 and 352 of the Pakistan Penal Code, which relate to disobedience of orders issued by public servants and interference with government operations. However, after several hours of negotiations between authorities, senior activists, and political representatives, those detained were released after signing a written undertaking. The incident was raised in Pakistan’s parliament the following day. Minister of State for Interior Talal Chaudhry defended the arrests , accusing the march participants of deliberately attempting to create a law-and-order situation. Meanwhile, lawmakers Shazia Marri and Nafeesa Shah of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from the ruling coalition criticized the police response and condemned the treatment of the activists.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 366, "end": 375, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kashamala"}, {"start": 544, "end": 563, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pakistan Penal Code"}, {"start": 690, "end": 703, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several hours"}, {"start": 748, "end": 757, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 773, "end": 788, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 883, "end": 891, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 909, "end": 922, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "following day"}, {"start": 924, "end": 932, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1109, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 1147, "end": 1169, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pakistan Peoples Party"}, {"start": 1171, "end": 1174, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "PPP"}, {"start": 1268, "end": 1277, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20739, "source_text": "Journalist Ali Hamza reported this on X: The ongoing challenges for Aurat March The march has consistently faced resistance from authorities and religious groups in previous years, and this year, the Islamabad chapter experienced an unusually harsh response, creating uncertainty for the other planned Aurat March events for this year. Like last year , the Aurat March is planned to be held on different dates across different cities. The march is scheduled to be held in Karachi on Mother’s Day on May 10. However, the Lahore chapter announced on March 8 that it will not hold a march this year, due to the observance of the holy month of Ramadan (a holy month for Muslims). Laiba Zainab, from the Aurat March Multan chapter, told Global Voices that the organizers are monitoring the ongoing Iran war situation and will announce the march date soon. The march is planned to be dedicated to human rights lawyer Imaan Mazari and Hadi Chatta, both of whom were sentenced to ten years in prison on charges of “cyber terrorism” and spreading “false information” for posts on the social media platform X, in which they expressed solidarity with Baloch and Pashtun activists and criticized the Pakistan military.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalist"}, {"start": 11, "end": 20, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ali Hamza"}, {"start": 38, "end": 39, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 68, "end": 79, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 165, "end": 179, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous years"}, {"start": 185, "end": 194, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 200, "end": 209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 302, "end": 313, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 325, "end": 334, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 341, "end": 350, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 357, "end": 368, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 499, "end": 505, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 10"}, {"start": 548, "end": 555, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 8"}, {"start": 586, "end": 595, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 699, "end": 710, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aurat March"}, {"start": 732, "end": 745, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 755, "end": 765, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 793, "end": 797, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 891, "end": 910, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights lawyer"}, {"start": 911, "end": 923, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Imaan Mazari"}, {"start": 928, "end": 939, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hadi Chatta"}, {"start": 941, "end": 945, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 972, "end": 981, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten years"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1098, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 1159, "end": 1168, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1188, "end": 1196, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20740, "source_text": "Lost in translation: How AI models impact low-resource language communities\n\nCompanies behind products powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have packaged and sold them as a way for consumers to get ahead. The reality is that countless would-be customers outside the global north are being left behind. A 2025 paper published by the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) noted that many popular large language models (LLMs) often fail to perform in languages other than English. Researchers drew attention to how LLMs available to the public, including those developed in part by the likes of Google and Meta , generate responses that are ill-suited to users in the global majority. As a result, these individuals must make do with AI tools that are biased and unreliable, lending credence to the notion that prominent firms view their needs as an afterthought. Speakers of low-resource languages, referring to those that do not have sufficient data to properly train AI-based solutions, have been unable to reap the rewards of this innovation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Lost in translation: How AI models impact low-resource language communities"}, {"start": 307, "end": 311, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 335, "end": 396, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence"}, {"start": 398, "end": 401, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "HAI"}, {"start": 414, "end": 418, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 511, "end": 522, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 625, "end": 631, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 636, "end": 640, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}]}
{"unique_index": 20741, "source_text": "The predominance of English language content online has significantly shaped the development of tools currently on the market, which in turn has created a barrier to access for non-speakers interested in AI across the globe. Applications enhanced by AI also produce outputs reflecting the norms and values of a select few in the international community; attempts to address this issue by generating low-resource language data have, at times, done more harm than good. If the status quo stays unchanged, communities of non-English speakers will continue to lose ground in the race to unlock AI’s potential. Perpetuating digital exclusion Inadequate data in low-resource languages is not just a concern for AI engineers. Ordinary people who are part of the global majority will miss out on the technology’s myriad benefits because of this glaring gap. The New York Times highlighted that the AI industry’s concentration in wealthier countries, such as the United States, has exacerbated this problem.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 102, "end": 111, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 318, "end": 321, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 708, "end": 717, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineers"}, {"start": 850, "end": 868, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The New York Times"}, {"start": 954, "end": 967, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}]}
{"unique_index": 20742, "source_text": "The existing infrastructure in hubs like Silicon Valley, coupled with the ample data companies in these areas have at their disposal, has tilted the scales in the global north’s favor. Consequently, the millions who speak languages like Kurdish and Swahili are effectively deprioritized , along with the sizable markets they represent. Lacking the resources of their counterparts, non-English speakers may remain overlooked by AI-focused firms well into the future. The implications of this language disparity are far-reaching. While those in the English-speaking world have grown accustomed to using AI for a variety of tasks, individuals from low-resource language communities have not been afforded the same opportunity. As Wired pointed out, users in the global majority may find that turning to an LLM like ChatGPT for assistance provides answers that are unhelpful at best and worthless at worst. Requesting that the model compose an email in Tamil, for instance, may lead to a muddled, error-filled draft in English. These users may conclude that flawed AI tools are more trouble than they are worth.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 55, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silicon Valley"}, {"start": 203, "end": 211, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 812, "end": 819, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}]}
{"unique_index": 20743, "source_text": "As AI becomes more ubiquitous across sectors and disciplines, non-English speakers may be thrust into navigating an increasingly interconnected and monolingual economy. Marginalizing diverse cultures AI’s bias for English also impacts low-resource language communities in ways that go beyond dollars and cents. Specifically, the worldview revealed in responses churned out by widely used AI tools mirrors that of English speakers located in the global north. The Atlantic called attention to this pattern, noting that it exemplifies how beliefs from well-resourced countries become seen as universal. Non-English perspectives are cut out because of their minimal representation in training data fed to AI solutions. Individuals from these communities may feel shortchanged by notable AI developers, especially in light of their promises that the technology will be an asset to humanity . Although tools made by these industry titans will only grow in sophistication, the attitudes reflected in their outputs will likely stay the same. Some in the AI space have sought to correct this imbalance by creating more digital material in low-resource languages. Results from these efforts have been far from ideal.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 787, "end": 797, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20744, "source_text": "The MIT Technology Review examined how much of this content, which is scraped from the web to improve products like LLMs, is rife with errors. This is because certain sites used to upgrade an AI’s multilingual capabilities are themselves filled with machine-translated mistakes. In some cases, well-intentioned individuals looking to narrow the language gap are behind them. Yet many lack the expertise needed to assess whether their work is accurate. Their content remains on the web unaltered, becoming data that AI uses to improve its “fluency.” At this stage, low-resource language communities may determine that the damage is done. Changing the conversation Despite these concerns, AI firms in the global north are moving at full speed to dominate this lucrative industry. It is worth slowing down to consider the broader consequences of their actions. For instance, low-resource language communities have been seemingly neglected by product developers, placing them at a disadvantage compared to English speakers. Reports from the sector also show how a cultural hierarchy has emerged that privileges those in the English-speaking world, and how dismantling this burgeoning system must be pursued with thoughtfulness and intention.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 379, "end": 383, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 947, "end": 957, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20745, "source_text": "Taken together, these trends underscore how the “move fast, break things” ethos, which defined the tech sector for years, is alive and well in the age of AI. Both then and now, non-English-speaking populations will deal with the repercussions. Steps can be taken to level the playing field. It starts with working alongside communities who have been sidelined in the sprint to unleash AI. Major developers must seek out collaborative partnerships with low-resource language communities to address this emerging inequality. Integrating inputs from these populations when building solutions like LLMs, all while reviewing outputs to ensure they are both accurate and authentic, should be at the top of the agenda for companies looking to make a difference. Furthermore, they could also join forces with grassroots AI leaders determined to create tools that are more attuned to the needs of low-resource language speakers. By taking this culturally sensitive approach, AI can be developed and refined in ways that uplift the many, not just the few.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 158, "end": 162, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 172, "end": 175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 395, "end": 405, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 647, "end": 651, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20746, "source_text": "How artificial intelligence and synthetic reality shaped Bangladesh’s 2026 election\n\nA photograph began circulating across Bangladeshi social media on December 14, 2025, that would majorly influence the national election on February 12 — the first election since the July 2024 student-mass uprising toppled former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s government. The high-stakes vote was considered a penultimate test of whether Bangladesh could rebuild and realize its hopes for a free and fair democracy following the uprising. The image showed Shadik Kayem , 27th Vice-President of Dhaka University Central Students’ Union , sitting across a small table from another man, apparently sharing tea in what looked like a casual meeting between acquaintances. The timing made the photograph explosive: just three days earlier, Osman Hadi , the coordinator of Inqilab Moncho (Revolution Platform), a cultural organization formed by people associated with the July 2024 student-mass uprising , had been shot in Dhaka, triggering immediate political controversy about who orchestrated the attack. The man sitting with Kayem in the photograph was allegedly Hadi’s shooter . However, all was not as it appeared. The fact-checking organization FactWatch determined that this photograph was fake and had been generated using artificial intelligence (AI). Welcome to Bangladesh’s first AI-saturated election, where seeing was no longer believing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How artificial intelligence and synthetic reality shaped Bangladesh’s 2026 election"}, {"start": 151, "end": 168, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 14, 2025"}, {"start": 224, "end": 235, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12"}, {"start": 267, "end": 276, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 314, "end": 328, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 329, "end": 342, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 423, "end": 433, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 561, "end": 619, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Vice-President of Dhaka University Central Students’ Union"}, {"start": 799, "end": 817, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three days earlier"}, {"start": 819, "end": 829, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osman Hadi"}, {"start": 836, "end": 847, "label": "JOB", "value": "coordinator"}, {"start": 867, "end": 886, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Revolution Platform"}, {"start": 950, "end": 959, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1006, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 1145, "end": 1149, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hadi"}, {"start": 1230, "end": 1239, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FactWatch"}, {"start": 1351, "end": 1361, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20747, "source_text": "The scale of synthetic reality Between December 2025 and February 2026, as Bangladesh prepared for its national elections on February 12 , a study identified 72 cases in which AI-manipulated content, specifically designed to manufacture false narratives and shape electoral outcomes, gained significant momentum online. This study reviewed fact-checks on AI-generated content targeting political parties, political figures, and the electoral process to understand how these false narratives were being leveraged. Nearly half of all AI-generated content involved claims of false activities and statements. Forty-nine percent of AI manipulations created entirely fictional realities about what political leaders were doing, saying, or experiencing during the campaign. Twenty-eight percent of cases deployed AI to create false statement attributions — putting specific words into the mouths of political figures through AI-edited photocards mimicking trustworthy media outlets. The dominant AI tactic involved generating synthetic images of political figures in false contexts. AI-generated photographs showed newly elected Prime Minister Tarique Rahman digging in a field with a spade alongside a constituent during supposed campaign activities. Synthetic images showed him shaking hands with children at events he never attended.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 39, "end": 52, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 57, "end": 70, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 75, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 125, "end": 136, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 12"}, {"start": 158, "end": 160, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "72"}, {"start": 520, "end": 524, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 605, "end": 615, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Forty-nine"}, {"start": 767, "end": 779, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Twenty-eight"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1136, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1151, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}]}
{"unique_index": 20748, "source_text": "Each manipulation created false impressions about his campaign, his priorities, and his public persona. AI-generated images and videos also circulated showing his mother, Khaleda Zia (the former Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1991 to 1996 and 2001 to 2006) walking, claiming the seventy-six-year-old BNP chairperson was moving freely despite known serious health conditions. Additional AI content about Khaleda Zia addressed strategic questions about her political capability, potentially affecting BNP’s electoral prospects. Meanwhile, despite being banned from participating in the election, the previous ruling party, Awami League , remained a target for AI manipulation. Deepfake videos showed former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina making statements from her exile in India that she never actually made. Additional AI video manipulations attempted to create impressions that she maintained governmental authority despite her exile, serving narratives that the election lacked legitimacy without Awami League participation. Perhaps most audacious, an AI-generated video appeared showing former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad endorsing Hasina as Bangladesh’s legitimate leader. The deepfake leveraged international authority to support the Awami League’s exile position. Mahathir never made such statements . The video was entirely synthetic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 171, "end": 182, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}, {"start": 195, "end": 209, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 213, "end": 223, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 229, "end": 233, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 237, "end": 241, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1996"}, {"start": 246, "end": 250, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2001"}, {"start": 254, "end": 258, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}, {"start": 282, "end": 302, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seventy-six-year-old"}, {"start": 303, "end": 306, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 307, "end": 318, "label": "JOB", "value": "chairperson"}, {"start": 406, "end": 417, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khaleda Zia"}, {"start": 502, "end": 505, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 624, "end": 636, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 708, "end": 722, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 723, "end": 736, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 773, "end": 778, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1012, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1122, "label": "JOB", "value": "Malaysian Prime Minister"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1139, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mahathir Mohamad"}, {"start": 1150, "end": 1156, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hasina"}, {"start": 1160, "end": 1170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1254, "end": 1266, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 1285, "end": 1293, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mahathir"}]}
{"unique_index": 20749, "source_text": "Falsified photocards Political actors exploited this fragmented media landscape by creating or editing photocards (graphic news cards) that appeared to originate from established outlets like Somoy TV , Channel i , Jugantor , or Kaler Kantho . False quotes attributed to the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami party candidate Syed Abdullah Muhammad Taher appeared in fabricated Somoy TV photocards. Channel i photocards surfaced with similarly altered quotes from the same Jamaat leader. When voters saw inflammatory quotes appearing across several trusted media brands, the multi-source validation made the fabricated quotes more credible than isolated false claims. Edited photocards supposedly from the news site Barta Bazar about the Jamaat in Mirpur propagated hyper-specific, false narratives targeting particular constituencies. Fact checkers encountered twenty separate cases involving AI-edited fake quotes. When photocards showed National Citizen Party chairperson Nahid Islam making incendiary comments, the manipulation used media brand logos to add credibility to the fabrications. Additional modified photocards targeting political personalities demonstrated the systematic nature of this strategy across several parties and candidates. The Osman Hadi falsehood Three days after Inqilab Mancha coordinator Osman Hadi was shot on December 11, political actors began weaponizing his tragedy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 192, "end": 200, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Somoy TV"}, {"start": 275, "end": 301, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"}, {"start": 370, "end": 378, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Somoy TV"}, {"start": 533, "end": 540, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 854, "end": 860, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "twenty"}, {"start": 932, "end": 954, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizen Party"}, {"start": 955, "end": 966, "label": "JOB", "value": "chairperson"}, {"start": 967, "end": 978, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nahid Islam"}, {"start": 1211, "end": 1218, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1247, "end": 1257, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osman Hadi"}, {"start": 1268, "end": 1284, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Three days after"}, {"start": 1285, "end": 1299, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Inqilab Mancha"}, {"start": 1300, "end": 1311, "label": "JOB", "value": "coordinator"}, {"start": 1312, "end": 1322, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osman Hadi"}, {"start": 1335, "end": 1346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 11"}]}
{"unique_index": 20750, "source_text": "AI-generated images claimed to show Hadi opening his eyes in his hospital bed, manipulating the public’s desperate hope for his recovery. The fabricated photographs spread rapidly across social media, each share intensifying a manufactured moment that his family and doctors could only contradict with denials — denials that were never as compelling as emotional, visual “proof.” The incident didn’t die down. As February’s election neared, altered photocards using Barta Bazar’s name emerged, falsely claiming that the Jamaat-e-Islami party had sponsored the attack. Opponents fabricated evidence of Jamaat’s involvement, potentially swaying uncertain voters. This exploitation continued months after the shooting. A rise in conspiracy theories Conspiracy theories that once circulated as whispered speculation gained sudden credibility when an onslaught of AI-manufactured proof emerged to support them. An image appeared, claiming to document a secret meeting in Delhi between Bangladeshi activist Pinaki Bhattacharya, Indian National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, and politician Krishna Nandi. The synthetic image transformed unproven theories about foreign interference into apparent visual documentation. No such meeting happened. The image was entirely artificial. Meanwhile, AI-generated images claimed to show Awami League protest marches in Bhola, suggesting the banned party could still gather supporters despite legal prohibitions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 40, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hadi"}, {"start": 267, "end": 274, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 992, "end": 1000, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1020, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pinaki Bhattacharya"}, {"start": 1055, "end": 1065, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ajit Doval"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1081, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1095, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Krishna Nandi"}, {"start": 1318, "end": 1330, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}]}
{"unique_index": 20751, "source_text": "Fabricated images of Jamaat assemblies served dual purposes — either demonstrating overwhelming popular support or raising alarms about dangerous Islamist mobilization, depending on which narrative benefited the circulator. Additional synthetic images depicting massive political support and gatherings were released to reinforce these narratives. The war between parties Examining who attacked whom reveals the election’s underlying dynamics. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) absorbed the heaviest assault, with forty-seven cases targeting the party that would ultimately secure a landslide victory. Opponents clearly identified BNP as the threat requiring maximum firepower. Jamaat-e-Islami confronted thirteen separate AI attacks. Edited photocards spread fabricated quotes from Jamaat figures , often questioning the party’s Islamic credentials or exploiting religious themes. When hackers compromised a Jamaat leader’s account and attributed false comments to him, the attack merged traditional cybersecurity breaches with AI-amplified distribution. The Awami League persisted relevant enough from exile to warrant six counter-campaigns. Deepfake videos featuring Sheikh Hasina and fabricated photocards sought to challenge whatever legitimacy claims the banned party maintained. The National Citizen Party’s youth leadership was targeted through multiple edited photocards that falsely attributed statements to convener Nahid Islam.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 448, "end": 476, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 478, "end": 481, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 519, "end": 530, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "forty-seven"}, {"start": 636, "end": 639, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 710, "end": 718, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thirteen"}, {"start": 1065, "end": 1077, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1129, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 1175, "end": 1188, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 1295, "end": 1317, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizen Party"}, {"start": 1432, "end": 1443, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nahid Islam"}]}
{"unique_index": 20752, "source_text": "Opponents sought to influence younger voters who’d participated in the July Uprising by releasing heavily edited images with inflammatory language, attributing them to Nahid Islam, attempting to alienate the very constituency that elevated NCP into relevance. Another AI-generated video circulated, claiming to show police releasing election survey results , fabricating official statements about electoral prospects. The manipulation attempted to shape voter expectations. Edited photocards showed fabricated interactions between political figures, creating entirely fictional political relationships designed to confuse voters about actual coalition dynamics. AI-generated videos even purported to show Tarique Rahman asking for money during campaigning, suggesting vote-buying or financial corruption. The volume alone overwhelmed fact-checking capacity. Blueprint for regional democracy What happened in Bangladesh’s 2026 election represents something categorically different, wherein AI overhauled the political battlefield . Bangladesh’s experience provides the first comprehensive documentation of AI weaponization in South Asian electoral democracy. India faces elections regularly. Pakistan’s political landscape remains volatile. Nepal and Sri Lanka conduct their own democratic processes. All now face the prospect of similar AI-driven misinformation campaigns. The patterns documented here: temporal escalation toward election day, deployment of synthetic images and edited photocards, exploitation of sensitive political events, all represent tactical knowledge that political operatives throughout the region are certainly studying.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 168, "end": 179, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nahid Islam"}, {"start": 240, "end": 243, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 705, "end": 719, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tarique Rahman"}, {"start": 908, "end": 918, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 921, "end": 925, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1041, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1191, "end": 1199, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 1240, "end": 1245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1250, "end": 1259, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 1304, "end": 1307, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20753, "source_text": "From Vietnam to Geneva, activist Hue Nhu fights for freedom and human dignity\n\nVietnamese anti-corruption activist and former political prisoner Dang Thi Hue, nicknamed Hue Nhu, spoke about human rights and the state of freedom in her home country at the Geneva Summit on Human Rights and Democracy on February 18th. The Geneva Summit is an annual event organized by around 25 organizations on the eve of the United Nations Human Rights Council’s main annual session. Hue Nhu’s participation in the summit was a big win not just for the campaign promoting human rights in Vietnam but also for her, who endured years of persecution for her commitment to upholding social justice. Hue Nhu was a public school teacher for 16 years. In 2018, she joined a nationwide movement criticizing corruption-tainted toll projects. Her offline and online advocacy earned the ire of authorities and private companies behind these controversial projects, which led to her incarceration from 2019 to 2023. She continued her activism after her release from prison. She was abducted in May 2024 but found a way to escape to Thailand. Since June 2025, she has lived in Germany as a political refugee.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "From Vietnam to Geneva, activist Hue Nhu fights for freedom and human dignity"}, {"start": 106, "end": 114, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 145, "end": 157, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dang Thi Hue"}, {"start": 169, "end": 176, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}, {"start": 255, "end": 261, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Geneva"}, {"start": 302, "end": 315, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 18th"}, {"start": 321, "end": 327, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Geneva"}, {"start": 374, "end": 376, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 409, "end": 444, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Human Rights Council"}, {"start": 468, "end": 475, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}, {"start": 572, "end": 579, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vietnam"}, {"start": 679, "end": 686, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}, {"start": 707, "end": 714, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 719, "end": 727, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16 years"}, {"start": 732, "end": 736, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 974, "end": 978, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 982, "end": 986, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1066, "end": 1074, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2024"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1112, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 1120, "end": 1129, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 1148, "end": 1155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}]}
{"unique_index": 20754, "source_text": "During her speech at the Geneva Summit, she shared her reason for speaking out even in exile: I’m telling my own story, a victim of dictatorship, and my wish is not to be silenced. Because when someone is forced into exile simply for speaking out, it's not just a failure of a nation, but a test of the conscience of the international community. She narrated the harassment she faced when she started criticizing abuse of power in 2018 and 2019. My frequent critique and demands for transparency have become a crime. I am being monitored. I am being summoned for questioning. I am being interrogated constantly. She said that her right to due process was violated during the trial that led to her sentencing. During the trial, four lawyers defended me, but the court did not allow me or my lawyers to speak. The trial was open to the public, but hundreds of police officers were deployed to prevent my family, friends, and supporters from attending. They jammed the cell phone signals throughout the entire courtroom area. The court imposed a sentence that was unconstitutional, a sentence that not only deprived me of my personal freedom, but also sent a broader message: Citizens are forbidden from speaking out.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 31, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Geneva"}, {"start": 431, "end": 435, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 440, "end": 444, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 727, "end": 731, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 732, "end": 739, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 790, "end": 797, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 846, "end": 854, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 858, "end": 873, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20755, "source_text": "She recalled that after her release from prison, authorities targeted not just her but also her friends and fellow activists. “Security forces throughout Vietnam have been relentlessly pursuing me,” she said. “My friends who spoke out with me have also been implicated. The most severely affected was detained for three days and beaten with electric batons until he fainted.” In an email interview with Global Voices, Hue Nhu reflected on her journey from Vietnam to Geneva: “ My journey in the struggle for democracy and human rights is not just the story of an individual, but a reminder that freedom and human dignity are always worth protecting.” Looking back on her own experience, she gave this piece of advice to fellow human rights advocates. If you dare to fight for others, millions of others will come to stand with you Even in the most critical moments, I did not stop my activities, even expanding my reach and strengthening my online presence, regardless of the danger, seeking connections and readily contacting human rights organizations to have my voice heard. Hue Nhu’s activism and the state-backed intimidation she faced drew global attention in recent years. PEN America issued a statement in 2024 expressing solidarity with Hue Nhu.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 115, "end": 124, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 154, "end": 161, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vietnam"}, {"start": 314, "end": 324, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three days"}, {"start": 403, "end": 416, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 418, "end": 425, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}, {"start": 456, "end": 463, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vietnam"}, {"start": 467, "end": 473, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Geneva"}, {"start": 733, "end": 749, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights advocates"}, {"start": 784, "end": 792, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1085, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}, {"start": 1214, "end": 1218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1246, "end": 1253, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}]}
{"unique_index": 20756, "source_text": "The persecution of Dang Thi Hue is a stark reminder of the risks faced by those in Vietnam who dare to speak out and challenge the government’s authoritarian rule. No one should be subjected to threats or reprisals for expressing their views, online or offline. In an email interview, Michel Tran Duc, advocacy director of human rights group Viet Tan, highlighted the significance of Hue Nhu’s presence at the Geneva Summit. Outside of Vietnam, the human rights violations perpetrated by the Vietnamese authorities are largely unknown to the general public. For the vast majority of people, Vietnam is a popular tourist destination, or even a place to do business. It is therefore crucial to shine a light on the victims of the regime and to hold those responsible accountable. The Geneva Summit on Human Rights and Democracy is an invaluable platform to give victims a voice, to share their stories, to acknowledge their suffering, and to ensure they receive the support they deserve. Despite living in exile, Hue Nhu remains at risk due to the incidents of transnational repression allegedly perpetrated by Vietnamese state forces. Here’s a video of Hue Nhu’s speech at the Geneva Summit.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 31, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dang Thi Hue"}, {"start": 83, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vietnam"}, {"start": 285, "end": 300, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michel Tran Duc"}, {"start": 311, "end": 319, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 342, "end": 350, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Viet Tan"}, {"start": 384, "end": 391, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}, {"start": 410, "end": 416, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Geneva"}, {"start": 436, "end": 443, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vietnam"}, {"start": 591, "end": 598, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vietnam"}, {"start": 782, "end": 788, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Geneva"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1018, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}, {"start": 1152, "end": 1159, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hue Nhu"}, {"start": 1176, "end": 1182, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Geneva"}]}
{"unique_index": 20757, "source_text": "Unpacking the political complexities of the Benue killings in Nigeria\n\nBenue state in Nigeria, a geographical entity situated in the volatile middle belt region intersecting the Muslim north and the larger Christian south, has become the epicenter of a religious and political crisis . While this crisis dates back decades, it has intensified since 2015 and entered a new, more violent era in recent months, posing an existential threat to the Indigenous people of Benue. Violent attacks have become all too common, with over 10,000 people killed by armed groups since President Bola Tinubu took power in 2023. Benue has been the worst affected by these attacks, with over 7,000 deaths to date, according to reports by Amnesty International . Some groups claim this violence is religiously motivated, with Open Doors , a Christian watchdog group, ranking Nigeria as the most violent country for Christians for eight consecutive years. An attack in June 2025, now dubbed the Yelwata Massacre , m arked a paradigm shift in the ongoing violence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Unpacking the political complexities of the Benue killings in Nigeria"}, {"start": 86, "end": 93, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 349, "end": 353, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 526, "end": 532, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}, {"start": 569, "end": 578, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 579, "end": 590, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bola Tinubu"}, {"start": 605, "end": 609, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 673, "end": 678, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7,000"}, {"start": 719, "end": 740, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 806, "end": 816, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Open Doors"}, {"start": 855, "end": 862, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 910, "end": 915, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 948, "end": 957, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 959, "end": 962, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20758, "source_text": "The attack took place in the wee hours of the night, with over 200 Indigenous people killed in their sleep in the Yelwata community, prompting Pope Leo VI to weigh in , calling it a terrible massacre. The Pope’s remark drew international attention and spurred the Nigerian government — which had largely been ineffectual in curbing the violence — to address the matter. Multifaceted nature of the crisis Benue, dubbed the “ food basket of the nation ,” is predominantly inhabited by agricultural workers and plays a pivotal role in food production and distribution across Nigeria; ho wever, it is now grappling with a large number of internally displaced persons and facing other security challenges. Much of the violence within Benue state is the result of armed Islamic groups expanding southward to the middle belt from the Sahel. These assailants are predominantly nomadic pastoral groups, known as Fulani herdsmen, who have been driven southward due to the climate crisis, which has dessicated grazing land and dried up water sources across the region.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 572, "end": 579, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 597, "end": 600, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20759, "source_text": "This has compelled the Fulani herdsmen into an increasingly desperate search for arable land, bringing them into violent conflict with the sedentary farming communities of Benue and other middle-belt states. Yet these incursions are also shaped by long-standing political dynamics — and the Nigerian government’s notably restrained response to the violence has drawn widespread criticism from observers. Benue is 98 percent Christian , leading many to infer the attacks were religiously motivated , but this oversimplifies the intricate political and multifaceted nature of this crisis. On June 17, 2025, the then-Nigerian Chief of Defense Staff, General Christopher Gwabin Musa, during a press briefing , suggested that land disputes, indiscriminate cattle grazing, and animal rearing are the main causes of the Benue killings . Many Nigerians share these sentiments and attribute the massacres to a land-grab campaign disguised as a religious conflict. The governor of Benue State , Hyacinth Alia, on the same day, reported that 17 out of 23 local government areas in Benue State are under siege, noting that federal intervention is helping to reduce that number.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 413, "end": 415, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "98"}, {"start": 590, "end": 603, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 17, 2025"}, {"start": 647, "end": 654, "label": "JOB", "value": "General"}, {"start": 655, "end": 678, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Christopher Gwabin Musa"}, {"start": 830, "end": 834, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 959, "end": 967, "label": "JOB", "value": "governor"}, {"start": 971, "end": 982, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Benue State"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1015, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the same day"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1033, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1043, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1081, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Benue State"}]}
{"unique_index": 20760, "source_text": "However, renewed attacks in 2026 in Agatu, Gwer West, and Guma local government areas suggest that officials have yet to reach a lasting solution. A week later, during a plenary session, Terseer Ugbor, a member of the Nigerian House of Representatives of Kwande/Ushongo Federal Constituency, raised the alarm that Fulani herdsmen have taken over 40 percent of the land in Benue state, displacing thousands of Indigenous people in the process. Despite the existential nature of these attacks, security responses have not been prompt or decisive, raising questions of culpability within the military ranks. To defend themselves, Benue communities have had to take matters into their own hands, forming vigilante groups in an attempt to resist these incessant attacks. However, the vigilante groups are pitifully ill-equipped and severely disadvantaged because their assailants are in possession of sophisticated weapons and have the added advantage of secret information networks. This is a literal case of bringing a knife to a gunfight; hence, the community vigilante groups and, by extension, the Indigenous population are largely at the mercy of their assailants.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 28, "end": 32, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 227, "end": 251, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "House of Representatives"}, {"start": 346, "end": 348, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 396, "end": 405, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 20761, "source_text": "The government’s response to recent attacks After the Pope’s appeals, Nigerian officials began to address the issue of violence in Benue. Three days after the Yelwata massacre , Nigeria’s President, alongside his service chiefs, paid a commiseration visit to Benue, where they were greeted with a strong address by James Ayatse, the paramount ruler of the Indigenous Tiv people, who emphasized the misinformation and misrepresentation of the security crisis in Benue state. He said: It is not herder/farmer clashes, it is not communal clashes, it is not reprisal attacks, or skirmishes. What we are dealing with here in Benue is a calculated, well planned, full-scale genocidal invasion and land grabbing campaign by Herder terrorists and bandits, which has been ongoing for decades and is worsening every year. The visit ended with the President questioning the Inspector General of Police on why arrests have not been made in the wake of the attack. He did not receive a coherent answer at the time. A few arrests were made in the days that followed, but as of the publication of this article, eight months after the attacks, none of the culprits had been tried or sentenced.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 138, "end": 154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Three days after"}, {"start": 178, "end": 185, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 188, "end": 197, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 500, "end": 506, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 800, "end": 810, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every year"}, {"start": 837, "end": 846, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 863, "end": 890, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Inspector General of Police"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1007, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "eight months after"}]}
{"unique_index": 20762, "source_text": "This halfhearted reaction further indicates the disparity within the Nigerian jurisprudence. The evidence suggests that distinct ethnoreligious bias determines the level of enforcement and/or dissuasion of the law. This is not the first time the Abuja government has overlooked Central Nigeria . Benue state, by virtue of its geography and distinct ethnicities, is a minority and therefore considered politically expendable, leaving it at the mercy of larger ethnic groups with more political clout. Hence, the strong dissonance between the people of Benue and the Fulani’s ongoing expansionist campaign. This is an underlying factor that has led to the seemingly unending killings in Benue. A fragile coexistence Cases of the Nigerian government showing more sympathy for the herdsmen than the targeted populations are well-documented. For instance, the special adviser on media and publicity to the former president of Nigeria, Femi Adesina, said while addressing the press : Villagers should willingly give up their ancestral lands for ranching because they can only have ancestral attachments if they are alive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 286, "end": 293, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 863, "end": 870, "label": "JOB", "value": "adviser"}, {"start": 908, "end": 917, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 921, "end": 928, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 930, "end": 942, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Femi Adesina"}]}
{"unique_index": 20763, "source_text": "His press address was met with strong public disapproval, contributing to the declining reputation of the late President Muhammadu Buhari’s administration. Moreover, before his rise to office, in what would steer further rounds of controversy, President Bola Tinubu also publicly stated that the absence of cattle at the scene of an attack absolves the Fulani herdsmen of any culpability . These controversial positions, along with several other speeches in which key government officials seemed to victim-blame, have not only eroded trust between Benue communities and the Nigerian government but also raised questions about how various ethno-religious groups in Nigeria could possibly continue to coexist. They also strengthen claims of collusion between the government and other vested interests within the Nigerian political sphere. This sort of partisan rhetoric only increases tension in an already volatile sociopolitical landscape and encourages chaos rather than calm. It is exactly the rhetoric that consequential political figures should look to discourage, as that will only fuel the start of engendering a lasting solution to the senseless violence against the people of Benue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 111, "end": 120, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 121, "end": 137, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muhammadu Buhari"}, {"start": 244, "end": 253, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 254, "end": 265, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bola Tinubu"}, {"start": 432, "end": 439, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 664, "end": 671, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 20764, "source_text": "African women make economic gains through global gig economy\n\nAt 9:00 a.m. in Lagos, Nigeria, when traffic starts easing from its daily rush-hour gridlock, Vivian opens her laptop. Her commute is just twelve steps from her bedroom to the adjoining room that doubles as her office. Inside, a large desk anchors the space, paired with an ergonomic chair, a gaming computer, a wide monitor, and two compact laptops. She does not clock in, and there is no supervisor waiting behind a glass partition. Instead, there is a dashboard with Slack notifications from a U.S.-based startup she supports as an operations manager, a ClickUp dashboard waiting for updates from Singapore, a Trello board with tasks that must be cleared before California wakes up, and an app tracking how long she stays “active.” Vivian’s workday will stretch across time zones. She will answer emails for a company whose headquarters she has never seen and negotiate electricity outages with a 3.5 kWh inverter with batteries loaded behind her door. By evening, she will have earned in dollars what amounts to a dozen times Nigeria’s minimum wage .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "African women make economic gains through global gig economy"}, {"start": 65, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9:00 a.m."}, {"start": 78, "end": 83, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lagos"}, {"start": 85, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 130, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 201, "end": 207, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "twelve"}, {"start": 346, "end": 351, "label": "JOB", "value": "chair"}, {"start": 392, "end": 395, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 559, "end": 563, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 608, "end": 615, "label": "JOB", "value": "manager"}, {"start": 662, "end": 671, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 962, "end": 965, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.5"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1085, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozen"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1099, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 20765, "source_text": "Vivian is part of a generation redefining what work looks like across Africa — independent, connected, and unmistakably global. At 6 a.m., before the humidity settles over Ghana’s capital of Accra, Diana Akumkadoa starts her car and opens her ride-hailing app. She steps into a job that still surprises people. Even though ride-hailing has become a familiar part of life in many African cities, women behind the wheel remain rare globally . Diana describes the brief pause when riders realize their driver is a woman. Then the ride begins, and the surprise usually turns into conversation. By mid-morning, she has already spent hours navigating traffic that surges and stalls without warning. On some days, she drives 14 hours. On others, cancellations stack up, and she closes the app and goes home. “It gives me a chance to be independent,” says Diana. “But it comes with its own risks. If something happens to you, you are on your own.” For Diana, flexibility means she can structure her hours around her child’s school schedule. It also means absorbing the costs of fuel, maintenance, and platform commissions, which can reach 30 percent per trip.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 131, "end": 137, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6 a.m."}, {"start": 172, "end": 177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 191, "end": 196, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Accra"}, {"start": 374, "end": 378, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 499, "end": 505, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 718, "end": 726, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "14 hours"}, {"start": 1131, "end": 1133, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}]}
{"unique_index": 20766, "source_text": "However, she says driving allows her to “earn on her own terms” while navigating the demands of life in a fast-growing city. Gig work in Africa Online gig work began gaining real traction around 2015 due to widespread smartphone adoption across Africa . The transformation accelerated dramatically from 2020 onward, when the COVID-19 pandemic further pushed millions toward digital gig work. Estimates from the World Bank suggest that more than 21 million Africans now earn part- or full-time income through gig work, with growth rates of roughly 11 percent each year , outpacing most other regions. The global industry is valued at USD 556.7 billion as of 2024, and projected to triple to USD 1.8 trillion by 2032. Cities like Lagos, Accra, and Nairobi, Kenya, have become regional hubs for both in-person gig work, such as delivery, logistics, and transport, and borderless digital labor, including design, marketing, coding, and virtual operations, for companies around the world. In Nigeria, 35 percent of young people are engaged in freelance work in some capacity. Africa’s workforce is remarkably young, with many of its platform workers under the age of 30 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 137, "end": 143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 195, "end": 199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 245, "end": 251, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 303, "end": 307, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 358, "end": 366, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 411, "end": 421, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 445, "end": 455, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21 million"}, {"start": 465, "end": 468, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 547, "end": 549, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 558, "end": 567, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each year"}, {"start": 637, "end": 650, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "556.7 billion"}, {"start": 657, "end": 661, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 694, "end": 706, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.8 trillion"}, {"start": 710, "end": 714, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2032"}, {"start": 755, "end": 760, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 792, "end": 796, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 987, "end": 994, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 996, "end": 998, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1077, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1162, "end": 1164, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30"}]}
{"unique_index": 20767, "source_text": "Women make up an increasingly visible part of this shift, accounting for about 27 percent of the continent’s online gig workforce. Cindy Sally’s path to gig work In Accra’s City Galleria Mall, Cindy Sally leads a finance team for a U.S.-based firm operating partly in the Democratic Republic of Congo . Her “office” is a rented desk at a co-working hub, where she pays GHS 200 (about USD 18.50) per day. Her colleagues exist mostly as rectangles on a screen. Unlike Diana, Cindy Sally earns in foreign currency. Her workday begins late morning to accommodate U.S. time zones and often stretches into the evening. Her path to global gig work began after leaving a demanding role at a local firm in Ghana, where she says the pace, economic uncertainty, and heavy workload made the job unsustainable. She then turned to freelance platforms and began building a client base abroad through Upwork. That shift would eventually allow her to earn in dollars while living in Accra. Online gig work has grown continuously across Africa’s digital workforce.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 79, "end": 81, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27"}, {"start": 165, "end": 191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Accra’s City Galleria Mall"}, {"start": 232, "end": 236, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 295, "end": 300, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Congo"}, {"start": 373, "end": 376, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 388, "end": 393, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18.50"}, {"start": 559, "end": 563, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 697, "end": 702, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1025, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20768, "source_text": "As global companies grow more comfortable hiring remotely, a new generation of African professionals is collaborating with teams thousands of miles away while remaining firmly based at home. The price of going global Gig platforms make global work possible, but they also take their share. On sites like Upwork, freelancers can lose 10 to 15 percent of their earnings in platform fees, according to Faith Abiodun Uwaifo, a Nigerian virtual assistant who transitioned into remote work after five years in journalism. She manages projects for clients spread across the United States, Canada, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. Like many freelancers, her workday runs from 3 p.m. to 9 p.m. in Nigeria, aligned with clients based in Pacific Standard Time. Moving money across borders also introduces another layer of deductions. Even the tools required to stay competitive, like high-speed internet, cloud services, and digital productivity platforms, represent a constant cost. She recalls upgrading from a 3G hotspot to a 5G router just to keep her jobs: “Some clients won’t even consider you if your connection isn’t strong.” Despite those challenges, she describes the experience as transformative. Working with clients across continents, she says, has reshaped how she thinks about work itself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 129, "end": 138, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 333, "end": 341, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10 to 15"}, {"start": 399, "end": 419, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Faith Abiodun Uwaifo"}, {"start": 490, "end": 500, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years"}, {"start": 567, "end": 580, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 582, "end": 588, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 590, "end": 598, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 608, "end": 622, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 629, "end": 633, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 669, "end": 675, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3 p.m."}, {"start": 679, "end": 685, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9 p.m."}, {"start": 689, "end": 696, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 728, "end": 735, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}]}
{"unique_index": 20769, "source_text": "Faith describes the psychological strain of platform work, such as the silence after submitting proposals, the weight of negative reviews, and the awareness that some clients associate Nigerian IP addresses with fraud. “Sometimes you feel like you’re fighting stereotypes before you even start the job,” she says. To cushion against uncertainty, she runs a small food-processing business on the side, a diversification strategy common among gig workers who understand that digital income can fluctuate abruptly. Women, work, and the borderless future Africa’s population has grown from 283 million in 1960 to more than 1.5 billion today, and is projected to reach 2.5 billion by 2050. Every year, an estimated 10 million young people enter the labor market, far more than the available traditional jobs. For decades, economic opportunity was often tied to migration. Today, millions of Africans are plugging directly into global commerce from their homes and building careers that span continents. For women in particular, gig work offers entry without permission. It gives flexibility and access to global markets that once seemed out of reach. This reporting project was supported by Africa No Filter.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 551, "end": 557, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 586, "end": 597, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "283 million"}, {"start": 601, "end": 605, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1960"}, {"start": 619, "end": 630, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5 billion"}, {"start": 631, "end": 636, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 664, "end": 675, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.5 billion"}, {"start": 679, "end": 683, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2050"}, {"start": 685, "end": 695, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every year"}, {"start": 710, "end": 720, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10 million"}, {"start": 867, "end": 872, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 874, "end": 882, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1192, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20774, "source_text": "From manuscript to market: Navigating South Asian literary representation at the London Book Fair\n\nAmbar Sahil Chatterjee is a literary agent from A Suitable Agency based in Delhi, India, who has worked in publishing for over a decade. He previously served as a senior commissioning editor at one of India’s leading publishing houses, where he acquired and published a prestigious classics list as well as an eclectic selection of contemporary fiction. Over the years, he has worked closely with a diverse range of writers and translators. During his visit to the London Book Fair (LBF), Sangita Swechcha from Global Voices met Chatterjee at the fairgrounds and spoke with him about the role of literary agents and how events such as the London Book Fair help South Asian writers navigate literary representation. Sangita Swechcha (SS): From your perspective as a literary agent from South Asia, what makes the London Book Fair particularly important, and how does it differ from, say, Frankfurt, or other fairs closer to home?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 97, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "From manuscript to market: Navigating South Asian literary representation at the London Book Fair"}, {"start": 99, "end": 121, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ambar Sahil Chatterjee"}, {"start": 149, "end": 164, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Suitable Agency"}, {"start": 181, "end": 186, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 283, "end": 289, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 300, "end": 305, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 515, "end": 522, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 527, "end": 538, "label": "JOB", "value": "translators"}, {"start": 588, "end": 604, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 610, "end": 623, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 628, "end": 638, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chatterjee"}, {"start": 772, "end": 779, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 814, "end": 830, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sangita Swechcha"}, {"start": 884, "end": 894, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20775, "source_text": "Ambar Sahil Chatterjee (ASC): The London Book Fair is important because London is a major hub of literary and publishing activity. The fair provides an excellent opportunity to meet publishers, and as literary agents we present the work of writers to the international publishing community. In comparison, the Frankfurt Book Fair is much larger and has its own significance in the global publishing calendar. However, book fairs in general whether London, Frankfurt, or those closer to home, create valuable opportunities for connection. For instance, today I have several meetings scheduled with publishers, and the manuscripts we represent may soon find a home with the right publisher. SS: Have you noticed a genuine shift in how international agents and publishers engage with South Asian writers over the past few years, or does it still feel like interest comes in waves? ASC: From my understanding, there is definitely interest in voices from South Asia because publishers want their lists to be more diverse. However, there are also challenges.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 22, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ambar Sahil Chatterjee"}, {"start": 240, "end": 247, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 552, "end": 557, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 565, "end": 572, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 793, "end": 800, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 810, "end": 824, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past few years"}, {"start": 950, "end": 960, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20776, "source_text": "When publishers speak of South Asia, they often treat it as a single entity, while in reality the region has many facets — Nepali, Sri Lankan, Pakistani, and within India itself, which abounds in so much regional diversity. I am also not referring only to South Asian literature written in English, but literature in regional languages that could be translated into English. For international publishers, however, there are limited slots, and South Asia is often seen broadly as one category. Individual editors may recognize these differences, but decisions are rarely made by editors alone. Sales teams and acquisition teams are also involved, and questions about market suitability or logistics often arise. So while there is genuine interest, there are structural constraints as well. SS: When you attend the London Book Fair, are your priorities more about closing rights deals, discovering co-publishing opportunities, or simply strengthening relationships with editors and agents in Western markets? ASC: I don’t think these priorities can really be separated because they tend to work together. Each aspect supports the others.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 35, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 109, "end": 113, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 131, "end": 141, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lankan"}, {"start": 165, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 443, "end": 453, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 479, "end": 482, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 504, "end": 511, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 578, "end": 585, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 968, "end": 975, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}]}
{"unique_index": 20777, "source_text": "One is always looking to discuss rights, explore collaborations, and strengthen professional relationships. SS: What should emerging South Asian writers understand about how opportunities actually emerge at a fair like LBF? Is it really the place where careers are made, or is most of the groundwork laid long before anyone boards a flight to London? ASC: The London Book Fair offers an opportunity for agents or publishers from South Asia to showcase the writing and literary talent on their lists to editors and publishers internationally. These opportunities remain important and continue to grow as participation expands. SS: What usually makes you decide to take on a manuscript, and how much editorial shaping happens on your end before a book is presented to international publishers or agents? ASC: I used to be an editor before becoming an agent, so my editorial instincts are activated when I consider signing a writer. It’s important that the work speaks to me in some way or makes an impact.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 145, "end": 152, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 429, "end": 439, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 502, "end": 509, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 823, "end": 829, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 922, "end": 928, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}]}
{"unique_index": 20778, "source_text": "Because of my editorial background, I do look at whether a manuscript might need editing or polishing before it is sent to a publisher, whether in India or internationally. Ultimately, the work needs to speak to me because we all respond to stories as readers first. If something has a strong impact, it becomes something I want to explore further. I don’t necessarily look for specific genres. Personally, I focus more on fiction than non-fiction, though we have another editor who works on non-fiction. As a literary agency, however, we are genre-agnostic. Writers can send us what they have, and if the writing or concept appeals to us, we are interested in taking it further. We usually take on books where we see clear potential and where we feel we can do justice to the work. It would be unfair to take on something if we did not believe we were the right fit for that book. SS: How do you work with literary translators, and do you think translation is still undervalued in the pipeline between South Asian literature and global readership?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 147, "end": 152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 472, "end": 478, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 559, "end": 566, "label": "JOB", "value": "Writers"}, {"start": 916, "end": 927, "label": "JOB", "value": "translators"}]}
{"unique_index": 20779, "source_text": "ASC: I don’t think translation is undervalued. Increasingly, publishers and readers recognize its importance in bringing stories to a wider audience. Prizes such as the International Booker Prize (formerly Man Booker International Prize) have helped highlight translated works, and two Indian books have already won the award. The mood around translation is optimistic. The primary challenge is finding the right translator for the right project. If they are not well matched, all other constraints and challenges, of which there are many, will be exacerbated. SS: What are the biggest structural challenges South Asian writers face when trying to reach international publishing markets? Is it about marketing budgets, network access, or something more fundamental about how Western publishers perceive South Asian stories? ASC: These challenges exist across publishing in many parts of the world. As agents, we try to remain true to the books we represent and present them as authentically as possible. At the same time, we try to understand what publishers are looking for through ongoing conversations. If there is a match, it works; if there isn’t, it doesn’t.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 282, "end": 285, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 413, "end": 423, "label": "JOB", "value": "translator"}, {"start": 620, "end": 627, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 873, "end": 877, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20780, "source_text": "In many ways, it becomes a process of trial and error. But one has to keep sustaining these efforts, because publishing can seem like one long endurance test and so determination is key. SS: Are there particular genres or narratives from South Asia that you feel are gaining more attention globally, and what advice would you give a writer who wants to build an international readership? ASC: Fiction in translation has certainly received more attention than non-fiction, and within that, literary fiction tends to travel more easily than commercial fiction. Publishing is a long game, and writers need patience. Conversations with publishers often take a long time before anything materializes. Sometimes, after months of discussion, a publisher may still decide they cannot take the project, and then the process begins again elsewhere. Occasionally things fall into place more quickly, but that is not the norm. Writing a book itself takes a great deal of time, effort, and energy, and the publishing journey can take just as long. Patience and persistence are essential.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 134, "end": 137, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 238, "end": 248, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 333, "end": 339, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 590, "end": 597, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20781, "source_text": "Silence between two fires: The psychological reality inside Iran\n\nIn Iran today, while Israeli and U.S. missiles and airstrikes hit the country, daily life unfolds under a visible security presence. Since the protests that erupted last December 28, human rights groups have reported an increase in armed patrols and checkpoints along major roads and city intersections. Soldiers and members of the Basij militia stand with military rifles, stopping cars, questioning pedestrians, and in some cases asking people to unlock their phones so messages, photos, and social media accounts can be inspected. Many Iranians today live between two converging fires: From above comes the threat of indiscriminate bombs and missiles from the escalating war waged by Israel and the United States; from below, the constant pressure of a state that continues to arrest, execute, and tighten its control over the population. What often disappears in geopolitical debates is the psychological environment created by these conditions. When civilians live under both war and authoritarian rule, behavior reorganizes around survival. People learn to calculate risk constantly.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 64, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Silence between two fires: The psychological reality inside Iran"}, {"start": 69, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 74, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 99, "end": 103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 145, "end": 150, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 236, "end": 247, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 28"}, {"start": 370, "end": 378, "label": "JOB", "value": "Soldiers"}, {"start": 600, "end": 604, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 614, "end": 619, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 633, "end": 636, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 753, "end": 759, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 768, "end": 781, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1046, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20782, "source_text": "They consider what to say, where to go, whom to trust, and when to remain silent. What appears from the outside as passivity may instead be the quiet logic of living under conditions where a single message, conversation, or association can carry life-altering consequences. Under such conditions, silence can spread through society in ways outsiders often misunderstand. When expressing dissent may bring punishment or isolation, many people remain quiet even when they privately disagree. Over time, this creates the appearance of public consensus where none actually exists. Statements broadcast on state television by Iran’s judiciary chief warned : “Those who say or do anything in line with the will of America and the Zionist regime are on the enemy’s side and must be dealt with on revolutionary, Islamic principles and in accordance with the time of war.” Further warnings have been directed at the diaspora, suggesting Iranians abroad who “ sympathise, support, or cooperate” with the US-Israeli war on the country could face seizure of property inside Iran and legal consequences if they return.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 430, "end": 434, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 621, "end": 625, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 994, "end": 996, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1066, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 20783, "source_text": "The lives behind geopolitics Much of the international conversation about Iran focuses on geopolitics and regional power struggles. Inside the country, however, daily life is shaped by something far more immediate. People must navigate war and repression while living in a strained economy and facing growing difficulty obtaining basic necessities. Moments like this are not only geopolitical crises. They are psychological ones. The decisions made by governments and militaries reshape the environment in which millions of ordinary people must think, speak, and survive, while their fate is being shaped by decisions far outside their control Over time, environments like this reshape behavior. People learn to scan their surroundings for risk, avoid conversations that might attract attention, and measure their words carefully. Sociologists describe this as adaptive survival behavior . Individuals adjust their actions not because they agree with power but because the cost of defiance becomes too dangerous. Despite the state’s efforts to project domestic unity during the ongoing war, large segments of the population continue to reject the Islamic Republic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 74, "end": 78, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 161, "end": 166, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 512, "end": 520, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 831, "end": 843, "label": "JOB", "value": "Sociologists"}, {"start": 1147, "end": 1163, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}]}
{"unique_index": 20784, "source_text": "Yet in a country where dissent can carry the risk of imprisonment or execution, silence cannot be mistaken for consent. Compounded fear by repression and war suppresses public expression. Between two dangers In most wars, civilians fear the battlefield. Under authoritarian rule, they fear their own government. In Iran today, both dangers exist at once. The Iranian state has provided virtually no meaningful protection for civilians during the conflict. There are no widespread public shelters, no functioning national system of bomb shelters, and in many areas, no warning sirens to alert people when missiles are approaching. For many residents, the first indication of an incoming strike is seeing or hearing the explosion itself. In some cities, residents describe gathering on rooftops at night to watch missiles cross the sky, believing open air may offer a greater chance of survival than being trapped inside collapsing buildings. These are the kinds of calculations civilians are forced to make when the U.S. and Israeli bombing is indiscriminate, and the state offers no protection.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 196, "end": 199, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 315, "end": 319, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 320, "end": 325, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 327, "end": 331, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 553, "end": 557, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 634, "end": 638, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1019, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}]}
{"unique_index": 20785, "source_text": "The country is also still absorbing the shock of the killings that took place during the January and February protests , when security forces opened fire on demonstrators across multiple cities . Families are still mourning. Communities are still processing the violence. In that atmosphere, fear and grief shape how people respond to the new dangers of war. For many Iranians, the bombs falling today may eventually stop. Wars end. Airstrikes cease. But the threat posed by the Islamic Republic has persisted for nearly half a century. The state has repeatedly responded to crises with arrests, executions, and intensified control. For those living inside the country, this history shapes how the present moment is experienced. Outside the country, their silence is often misunderstood. Across global media and online commentary, the absence of visible opposition protests in Iran during wartime, while government-organized rallies are amplified by the state’s total control over domestic broadcasting, has been interpreted by some as evidence that Iranians are not seeking political change and are rallying behind the government in the face of an external enemy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 89, "end": 109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and February"}, {"start": 363, "end": 367, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 396, "end": 401, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 479, "end": 495, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 521, "end": 525, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 877, "end": 881, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 20786, "source_text": "But public silence rarely signals agreement. When expressing dissent carries the risk of imprisonment, violence, or death, people often conceal their views in public while holding very different beliefs in private, especially in times of war. Political scientists describe this dynamic as preference falsification. Danger and uncertainty Since the beginning of the war, the government has repeatedly imposed communication blackouts and severe internet restrictions. Many people have little access to information beyond what is happening in their immediate neighborhoods. In this environment, even basic awareness becomes fragmented. Much of the information leaving Iran now travels in small pieces: a short video, a voice message sent quietly through a trusted contact, a brief text confirming that someone is safe. The information environment surrounding the conflict has fractured. Public conversation has hardened into competing narrative camps shaped by different assumptions and loyalties. Commentators often interpret events through ideological frames, highlighting facts that reinforce their position while overlooking those that complicate it. Complex events are reduced to simplified stories designed to mobilize audiences rather than inform them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 253, "end": 263, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientists"}, {"start": 466, "end": 470, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 665, "end": 669, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 670, "end": 673, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20787, "source_text": "In this process, the suffering of civilians can become secondary to the narratives built around it. Debates unfolding abroad can feel distant from daily life. Inside Iran, people navigate blackouts, militarized streets, economic strain, and the constant uncertainty of what the next day might bring. Families worry about relatives in different cities they cannot reach. Messages fail to deliver. Rumors travel faster than reliable information. Behind these debates are the lives of ordinary people, rarely visible in geopolitical discussions. A child in Bushehr going to school carries the quiet anxiety that her classroom could become the target of an Israeli or U.S. missile strike. A mother in Tehran moves from pharmacy to pharmacy searching for chemotherapy medication that once kept her child alive but has now become impossible to find or afford. For many families, these are not abstract policy debates. They are the realities shaping each day. The people living inside Iran today are not characters in a geopolitical argument. They are human beings navigating extraordinary danger and uncertainty. For Iranians today, life is lived in exactly this psychological space.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 147, "end": 152, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 166, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 278, "end": 286, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next day"}, {"start": 664, "end": 668, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 813, "end": 816, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 858, "end": 862, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 943, "end": 951, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each day"}, {"start": 978, "end": 982, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 983, "end": 988, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 1120, "end": 1125, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20788, "source_text": "How Bad Bunny brought the issue of Puerto Rico’s power grid into world view\n\nSuper Bowl halftime shows are always a spectacle, but at Super Bowl LX , Puerto Rican artist Bad Bunny did something unusual: he crafted a compelling masterclass in energy communications by turning electricity infrastructure into perfectly timed choreography. As he performed his song “ El Apagón ” (“The Blackout”), dancers dressed as line workers climbed utility poles while sparks flickered along power lines. For millions watching around the world, it was a striking visual moment. For Puerto Ricans, it reflected an everyday reality, a fragile electricity grid and recurring power outages that have — for years — shaped daily life on the island. As Diana Hernández, professor and co-director of the Energy Opportunity Lab at Columbia University, later noted to Straight Arrow News, “For the public that might have forgotten, Bad Bunny climbing the poles gave voice and visibility to an unforgettable instance of being powerless in Puerto Rico in a very literal sense.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How Bad Bunny brought the issue of Puerto Rico’s power grid into world view"}, {"start": 163, "end": 169, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 170, "end": 179, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bad Bunny"}, {"start": 364, "end": 373, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "El Apagón"}, {"start": 378, "end": 390, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Blackout"}, {"start": 494, "end": 502, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 702, "end": 707, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 731, "end": 746, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Diana Hernández"}, {"start": 748, "end": 757, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 765, "end": 773, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 781, "end": 803, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Energy Opportunity Lab"}, {"start": 807, "end": 826, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Columbia University"}, {"start": 843, "end": 862, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Straight Arrow News"}, {"start": 907, "end": 916, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bad Bunny"}, {"start": 1013, "end": 1024, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}]}
{"unique_index": 20789, "source_text": "Without once referring to terms like “ climate change ,” the performance illustrated a moment of energy communication that millions could immediately comprehend, not just locally but globally: Because of the urgent and far-reaching nature of the issue, climate science and the resulting communication about the situation are often linked to an increase in existential anxiety. Yet, programs like the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and children’s books by authors like New York-based writer Ian Hunt, aim to tackle the problem at a systemic level. Strained grid Puerto Rico’s electricity system has faced repeated crises since Hurricane Maria devastated the island in 2017. The storm destroyed much of the grid and triggered the longest blackout in modern U.S. history, leaving some communities without power for nearly a year. Nearly nine years later, outages still remain a routine occurrence. Federal data show that between 2021 and 2024, Puerto Rican customers experienced roughly 27 hours of electricity interruptions annually, excluding major storms — far higher than mainland U.S. averages. In 2024 alone, residents averaged more than 70 hours without power, including storm-related outages.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 123, "end": 131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 400, "end": 412, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Yale Program"}, {"start": 469, "end": 476, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 497, "end": 503, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 504, "end": 512, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ian Hunt"}, {"start": 575, "end": 586, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}, {"start": 681, "end": 685, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 769, "end": 773, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 848, "end": 864, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "nine years later"}, {"start": 940, "end": 944, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 949, "end": 953, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 998, "end": 1006, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "27 hours"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1044, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1155, "end": 1163, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "70 hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 20790, "source_text": "Meanwhile, electricity prices also remain among the highest in the United States, ranging from USD 0.24 to 0.49 per kilowatt-hour in recent years, significantly above mainland averages. These figures reflect decades of underinvestment, ageing infrastructure, and a grid exposed to intensifying climate risks — but numbers alone cannot capture what a blackout means in lived terms: spoiled food, stalled dialysis machines , closed businesses, and children slouching under the flashlight to complete school homework. Dying energy systems Puerto Rico’s electricity system relies heavily on centralised fossil-fuel generation plants located in the south of the island. Electricity must travel long distances across mountainous terrain to reach major population centres in the north. These transmission corridors are particularly vulnerable to hurricanes, landslides, and extreme weather events. Meanwhile, the American Society of Civil Engineers’ 2019 Puerto Rico Infrastructure Report Card gave the island’s energy system a grade of F , citing deteriorating equipment, insufficient redundancy, and limited resilience planning. Energy scholar Cecilio Ortiz García described the system bluntly: “The grid that Maria found was already on its knees.” Climate change has since intensified the risks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 67, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 99, "end": 111, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.24 to 0.49"}, {"start": 536, "end": 547, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}, {"start": 906, "end": 941, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "American Society of Civil Engineers"}, {"start": 943, "end": 947, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 948, "end": 986, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Puerto Rico Infrastructure Report Card"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1159, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cecilio Ortiz García"}]}
{"unique_index": 20791, "source_text": "Warmer ocean temperatures contribute to stronger storms, and subsequent hurricanes such as Fiona in 2022 again triggered widespread outages. In a system already weakened by decades of underinvestment, even smaller disturbances can trigger cascading failures for locals. Investment challenges In 2021, Puerto Rico transferred management of its transmission and distribution network to LUMA Energy, a U.S.–Canadian consortium, in an attempt to modernise operations. However, the privatisation effort has been controversial . Locals have protested frequent outages and rising electricity bills, while critics argue that improvements in reliability have been slow. Supporters counter that rebuilding an ageing grid requires time and sustained investment. Financial constraints further complicate the situation. Puerto Rico’s public power utility, PREPA, carries billions of dollars in debt , making large infrastructure upgrades difficult to finance. Federal assistance has also fluctuated. In 2023, the U.S. Department of Energy launched a USD 1 billion Puerto Rico Energy Resilience Fund aimed at expanding rooftop solar and battery storage for vulnerable households, but later reporting indicated that portions of this funding were delayed or redirected. Despite these challenges, a transformation is underway, and rooftop solar and battery storage have expanded rapidly across Puerto Rico.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 100, "end": 104, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 295, "end": 299, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 301, "end": 312, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}, {"start": 399, "end": 403, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 807, "end": 818, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}, {"start": 858, "end": 866, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "billions"}, {"start": 990, "end": 994, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1025, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "U.S. Department of Energy"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1050, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1 billion"}, {"start": 1051, "end": 1085, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Puerto Rico Energy Resilience Fund"}, {"start": 1377, "end": 1388, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}]}
{"unique_index": 20792, "source_text": "By mid-2025, the island had installed more than one gigawatt of rooftop solar capacity, supplying a growing share of electricity demand. Communities step up Community-led initiatives have also emerged. In the mountain town of Adjuntas, the nonprofit Casa Pueblo has pioneered solar microgrids that allow neighbourhoods and businesses to continue operating even when the central grid fails. One local business owner described the change simply: “Now I have stability. I don’t run out of power, and I can continue to provide service.” Engineers increasingly advocate what they call a “bottom-up grid” approach, building resilience through distributed energy systems that connect households, neighbourhoods, and eventually larger networks. For island regions vulnerable to hurricanes and extreme weather, distributed systems offer both decarbonisation and energy security. Pop culture as climate communication This is exactly what made Bad Bunny’s halftime show so critical. Climate communication often relies on statistics, policy debates, or projections about future risks. While important, those messages can feel abstract — but cultural storytelling works differently. By placing “linieros” — the workers who repair Puerto Rico’s power lines — at the centre of a global performance, Bad Bunny made the island’s infrastructure and its failings visible.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 48, "end": 51, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 226, "end": 234, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Adjuntas"}, {"start": 250, "end": 261, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Casa Pueblo"}, {"start": 390, "end": 393, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 400, "end": 414, "label": "JOB", "value": "business owner"}, {"start": 445, "end": 448, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 533, "end": 542, "label": "JOB", "value": "Engineers"}, {"start": 828, "end": 832, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 933, "end": 942, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bad Bunny"}, {"start": 1217, "end": 1228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}, {"start": 1284, "end": 1293, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bad Bunny"}]}
{"unique_index": 20793, "source_text": "Transmission poles became stage props; blackouts became lyrics. As Hernández observed , the moment represented “an ascension to power despite all the challenges, and really in many ways against all odds.” Millions watching the Super Bowl suddenly saw what was usually hidden: the physical systems that keep societies running, and the consequences when they fail. Meanwhile, Puerto Rico’s energy future remains uncertain . Debates continue over privatisation, fossil-fuel dependence, renewable deployment, and how quickly the island can transition to a more resilient energy system, but the halftime show revealed something unexpected: infrastructure can capture cultural attention. The electricity grid — normally invisible to the public — briefly became the focus of a global conversation. Puerto Rico’s grid crisis is not unique . Around the world, energy systems face mounting pressures from climate change, outdated infrastructure, and rising demand. The difference is that most grids do not get a Super Bowl moment. Bad Bunny did not lecture audiences about climate change or energy policy. Instead, he showed what vulnerability looks like — and sometimes, that’s the most powerful communication of all.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 67, "end": 76, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hernández"}, {"start": 176, "end": 180, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 205, "end": 213, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Millions"}, {"start": 374, "end": 385, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}, {"start": 791, "end": 802, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Puerto Rico"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1030, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bad Bunny"}]}
{"unique_index": 20794, "source_text": "Cameroonian rice farmers caught between national ambition and rural realities\n\nIn January 2023, the Cameroonian government announced a policy of rice self-sufficiency, the population’s staple food. In the country’s northwest region, rice farmers combine courage with determination to fulfil these national promises. In Cameroon, rice is one of the most consumed foods in cities and rural areas alike, as evidenced by the national demand among this country’s population of over 30 million . In 2023, Cameroon’s rice consumption was 25 kilograms per capita, while the estimated national demand was more than 600,000 tons per year . Although consumption figures are increasing significantly, national production remains largely insufficient. Over the first 10 months of 2022, the country imported more than 650,000 tons of rice for FCFA 162.5 billion ( USD 282 billion), compared to 580,000 tons in 2021. The quest to end rice dependency As such, rice accounts for more than half of foreign grain supplies , mainly coming from India and Thailand.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cameroonian rice farmers caught between national ambition and rural realities"}, {"start": 82, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2023"}, {"start": 238, "end": 245, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 319, "end": 327, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 477, "end": 487, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30 million"}, {"start": 493, "end": 497, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 499, "end": 507, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 531, "end": 533, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 606, "end": 613, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "600,000"}, {"start": 754, "end": 763, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 months"}, {"start": 767, "end": 771, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 804, "end": 811, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "650,000"}, {"start": 834, "end": 847, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "162.5 billion"}, {"start": 854, "end": 865, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "282 billion"}, {"start": 880, "end": 887, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "580,000"}, {"start": 896, "end": 900, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 972, "end": 976, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 1024, "end": 1029, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1042, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}]}
{"unique_index": 20795, "source_text": "In May 2023, the government adopted a rice self-sufficiency strategy with the specific goal of increasing production rates, backed by a budget of FCFA 385 billion (USD 677 million). The ambitious objective is to triple national production to 460,000 tons by 2027, then 750,000 tons by 2030. According to projections, this volume should help achieve a 97 percent self-sufficiency rate within Cameroon. However, rice farmers, who grapple with dilapidated roads, insufficient seed supplies, and market disruptions every day, have mixed feelings about these ambitious objectives. Felix Mangwa, Ayong Odette, and Tanchia Ngwendoline are rice farmers who own vast rice cultivation fields. In an interview with Global Voices, they shared their hopes for achieving food security for their country and challenges in getting there. Reform as a turning point In the humid lowlands of northwest Cameroon, people’s lives are oriented around the rhythm of the rainy season, which lasts from March/April to October . Cultivations, primarily coffee, potatoes, corn, beans, yams, taro, rice, and palm oil , are rotated throughout the year, depending on the season.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2023"}, {"start": 151, "end": 162, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "385 billion"}, {"start": 168, "end": 179, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "677 million"}, {"start": 242, "end": 249, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "460,000"}, {"start": 258, "end": 262, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 269, "end": 276, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "750,000"}, {"start": 285, "end": 289, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 351, "end": 353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "97"}, {"start": 391, "end": 399, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 415, "end": 422, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 511, "end": 520, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 582, "end": 588, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mangwa"}, {"start": 590, "end": 602, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ayong Odette"}, {"start": 637, "end": 644, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 704, "end": 717, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 883, "end": 891, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}]}
{"unique_index": 20796, "source_text": "But since the national rice self-sufficiency policy was announced, there has been a significant change in how farmers in the region plan their crop output. Félix Mangwa explained that rice farming has become his top priority: Depuis la mise en place de cette politique, la riziculture est devenue l'activité principale de mes journées, avant toute autre tâche agricole. Davantage de membres de ma famille y participent désormais, ce qui allège la charge de travail. Since the introduction of this policy, rice farming has become the main focus of my days, taking priority over all other agricultural tasks. More members of my family are now involved, lightening the workload. This family’s enthusiasm for rice exemplifies a deeper transformation. For Ayong Odette, a farmer by trade for many years, this is a validation of her life choices, as she was involved in rice farming long before this government announcement. She explained: La politique a eu un effet positif sur mes activités. Elle m'a encouragée à continuer de miser sur la riziculture comme source de revenus durable.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 110, "end": 117, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 156, "end": 168, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Félix Mangwa"}, {"start": 637, "end": 640, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 751, "end": 763, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ayong Odette"}, {"start": 767, "end": 773, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 787, "end": 797, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "many years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20797, "source_text": "This policy had a positive impact on my work. It encouraged me to continue focusing on rice farming as a sustainable source of income. For Tanchia Ngwendoline, another rice farmer, the most tangible impact is on her family’s budget, where there has been a modest but real improvement in their income: Cette politique a amélioré mes revenus, ce qui a contribué à améliorer les conditions de vie de ma famille. This policy has improved my income, helping me improve my family’s living conditions. Daily shortages and impassable roads However, behind this enthusiasm, the three farmers describe a production environment fraught with difficulties. The challenges are technical, logistical, and economic, which starkly overlap from one farm to another. Felix Mangwa provided a detailed picture of these obstacles. Paddy rice prices are too low to sustain motivation; access to certified seeds and tractors is insufficient; and water management is poor due to the lack of developed plots. But it’s the road conditions that concern him most: En saison des pluies, les routes qui relient nos champs aux marchés deviennent impraticables.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 173, "end": 179, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 495, "end": 500, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 569, "end": 574, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 575, "end": 582, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 727, "end": 730, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 754, "end": 760, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mangwa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20798, "source_text": "Transporter la récolte relève alors du défi. Et quand on finit par trouver une décortiqueuse (machine utilisée pour enlever les enveloppes des grains de riz paddy ), la qualité du riz blanc obtenu est souvent médiocre, loin des standards du riz importé. During rainy seasons, the roads connecting our fields to the markets are impassable. Transporting the crops is, therefore, challenging. And when we finally find a husker (a machine used to remove the husks from paddy rice ), the quality of the white rice is often poor, far from the standard of imported rice. Ayong Odette also raised two fundamental issues: La pénurie d'eau affecte la production. Et il n'existe pratiquement aucun système de commercialisation organisé, ce qui rend très difficile la vente du riz à un prix juste et stable. Water shortages impact production. And there’s practically no orderly marketing system, making it very difficult to sell rice at a fair and stable price. Labor resources are another challenge. Without machinery, production remains confined to manual labor. Post-harvest losses, exacerbated by poor storage systems, further undermine their efforts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 564, "end": 576, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ayong Odette"}, {"start": 589, "end": 592, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20799, "source_text": "Tanchia Ngwendoline summarized the challenges: L'accès limité aux intrants agricoles améliorés (engrais ou produits phytosanitaires), une infrastructure médiocre qui entraîne d'importantes pertes après récolte, la dépendance à la main-d'œuvre manuelle et l'état dégradé des routes. Limited access to high-quality agricultural inputs (fertilizers or phytosanitary products), poor infrastructure that leads to significant post-harvest losses, dependence on manual labor, and extremely poor road conditions. Insufficient institutional support Since announcing the new rice policy, association programs and non-governmental organizations operating in the farming sector have stepped in to support Cameroonian rice farmers. The Upper Nun Valley Development Authority (UNVDA) provides certified seeds to farmers in this northwest region, and the Commodity Value Chain Development Support Project (PADFA II) provides technical support and regular training. Although this support is welcome, it is not enough to overcome the challenges expounded upon above. For instance, significant environmental issues relating to water and land use persist. Rice farming is water-intensive, and in northwest Cameroon, water management is a major daily challenge for farmers far beyond their individual plots. A preventive strategy is, therefore, required for these farmers to manage environmental issues and, most importantly, ensure healthy crops.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 710, "end": 717, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 723, "end": 761, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Upper Nun Valley Development Authority"}, {"start": 763, "end": 768, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNVDA"}, {"start": 798, "end": 805, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 840, "end": 889, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Commodity Value Chain Development Support Project"}, {"start": 1187, "end": 1195, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 1225, "end": 1230, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1245, "end": 1252, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 1344, "end": 1351, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20800, "source_text": "Félix Mangwa explained: Je commence les cultures tôt afin de réduire les problèmes liés à l'eau. Je participe également aux activités locales d'entretien des ressources en eau organisées par le comité de gestion agricole et la coopérative rizicole. De plus, nous renforçons les berges des champs avec de l’ herbe à éléphant afin de prévenir l'érosion. I start growing early to reduce water-related problems. I also participate in local water resource maintenance activities organized by the agricultural management committee and the rice cooperative. What’s more, we reinforce field banks using elephant grass to prevent erosion. Tanchia Ngwendoline has a more forward-looking vision, focusing on climate resilience. She calls for the construction of formal irrigation canals and the distribution of resistant varieties, such as Nerica L56 (an interspecific hybrid rice variety specifically developed for Africa’s rainfed and irrigated lowlands). What it will take for this policy to deliver on its promises When asked what tangible measures could bring lasting change to their situation, all three rice farmers made proposals with a similar vision.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Félix Mangwa"}, {"start": 905, "end": 911, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1093, "end": 1098, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1111, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20801, "source_text": "Felix Mangwa calls for investment in basic infrastructure: the development of new rice fields, input subsidies, the construction of storage depots, and rural road tarring. He emphasized the need for a formal market and protective minimum prices, as well as the modernization of processing units. Ayong Odette focused on marketing. She calls for more accessible markets and formal sales channels for the sector’s long-term sustainability. For Tanchia Ngwendoline, self-sufficiency cannot be imposed, but built: Le gouvernement doit prendre des mesures fortes pour réduire les importations de riz et encourager la consommation du riz local. Il faut aussi promouvoir la mécanisation pour améliorer la productivité. Pour moi, la durabilité, c'est garantir de la nourriture en permanence et créer des emplois. The government must implement vigorous measures to reduce rice imports and encourage local rice consumption. It must also foster machinery to improve productivity. For me, sustainability means consistently guaranteeing food and creating jobs. The testimonies of these rice farmers provide an overview of an ever-changing Cameroonian rice sector, supported by political will but weakened by decades of underinvestment in rural infrastructure.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mangwa"}, {"start": 296, "end": 308, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ayong Odette"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1085, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20802, "source_text": "How did an Afghan woman journalist’s writing resonate in China?\n\nWhen Afghan journalist Khadija Haidary fled the Taliban, she never imagined that her writing would reach readers thousands of miles away in China. Yet it did — prompting small but meaningful acts of support that empowered her to move forward amid her uncertain situation. In China, where civil society is tightly regulated and spontaneous cross-border humanitarian support is rare, her letters, which evolved into a book titled “ A Letter from an Afghan Woman ,” sparked an unexpected cross-border solidarity with the oppressed women from far away. Rather than forming a visible movement, these responses took shape as quiet, individual acts, revealing how solidarity adapts under constraint. The story began in October 2024, when a Chinese journalist, Weilin Hong (洪蔚琳), translated and published her month-long email correspondence with “ Haidary on Positive Links ” (正面連結) , a medium-sized WeChat account covering social issues to enlighten Chinese readers on the transformation of Afghan society under the Taliban .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How did an Afghan woman journalist’s writing resonate in China?"}, {"start": 77, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 88, "end": 103, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khadija Haidary"}, {"start": 178, "end": 187, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 205, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 340, "end": 345, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 495, "end": 524, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A Letter from an Afghan Woman"}, {"start": 777, "end": 789, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2024"}, {"start": 806, "end": 816, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 818, "end": 829, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Weilin Hong"}, {"start": 905, "end": 912, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 957, "end": 963, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WeChat"}]}
{"unique_index": 20803, "source_text": "The Islamic militant organization, which ruled the region between 1996 and 2001, recaptured Kabul in 2021, after the U.S. withdrew its troops . Through emails, Haidary explained how women lost their rights between 2021 and 2024: they were forced out of their jobs and forbidden from walking the streets alone; women were not allowed to be treated by male doctors , even as women were blocked from attending medical schools; girls were barred from schools, parks, and swimming pools, and many were forced to marry before reaching adulthood; journalists were imprisoned and in some cases killed for telling the truth. These accounts are not abstract statistics — they are Haidary’s lived experiences. She lost her job, male friends, social life, and bore witness to the harassment of women every day. In China, where civil society is limited , and media coverage of foreign crises is selective , such storytelling carries particular weight. Haidary’s personal narrative on gender oppression in Afghanistan quickly went viral online and generated emotional resonances among female Chinese readers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 66, "end": 70, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1996"}, {"start": 75, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2001"}, {"start": 101, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 117, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 160, "end": 167, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 214, "end": 218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 223, "end": 227, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 355, "end": 362, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 540, "end": 551, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 670, "end": 677, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 788, "end": 797, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 802, "end": 807, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 939, "end": 946, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 992, "end": 1003, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20804, "source_text": "One Chinese reader wrote on Weibo , addressing the subtle connection among women across the border: 人类跨越国界高墙，其本质相似，心灵相通 / 他们想封住女人的嘴，她就成为劈开黑夜的光。 Across borders and walls, human nature remains the same, and hearts are connected / They want women shut up; she becomes the light that cuts through the darkness at night. Haidary was writing for Zan Times, an Afghan women’s media outlet, and taking refuge in the countryside to avoid the Taliban when the Chinese journalist first reached out to her in September 2024. The email exchanges encouraged Haidary to consider leaving the country: 我第一次清晰地感受到：我的故事、我的斗争、我的苦难，是重要的；我必须找到一个能够自由说话的地方，去讲述发生在我们身上的一切。 你知道吗， 洪蔚琳 的邮件让我意识到，世界上确实有人在关心我们的痛苦。我知道自己必须鼓起全部勇气，尽一切可能离开这里。 For the first time, I realized that my story, my struggles, and my suffering matter; I had to find a place where I could speak freely and tell everything that had happened to us. You know, Hong Weilin’s email made me aware that there are people in the world who care about our pain. I knew I had to muster all my courage and do everything in my power to get out of here. By early October 2024, Haidary and her family were settled in Pakistan.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 316, "end": 323, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 340, "end": 349, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zan Times"}, {"start": 458, "end": 468, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 497, "end": 511, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2024"}, {"start": 544, "end": 551, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 897, "end": 901, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hong"}, {"start": 902, "end": 908, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Weilin"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2024"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1109, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 1141, "end": 1149, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20805, "source_text": "As her letters gained public attention, a Chinese publisher reached out to offer her a publishing contract and a royalties advance , which could help her family end their status as exiles in Pakistan and resettle in Canada. The book was eventually published in August 2025, and within months, more than 10,000 copies were sold. Knowing that the book's royalties would help Haidary’s family resettle in a less precarious environment, many Chinese have helped promote her book through reviews and reflections on social media. In one widely circulated post on the Instagram-like Xiaohongshu, the user “WOMEN’s view on the world” (WOMEN看世界) contrasted historical images of empowered, free Afghan women with today’s restrictions, accompanied by the following caption: “They, too, once lived vivid and vibrant lives.” The main text of this post says: 翻开这本书，倾听最真实的声音，以18篇短篇小说，揭开最伤痛的回忆 / 跨越过界与偏见，看见本身，就是一种力量。 Opening the book, readers encounter some of the most authentic voices, as 18 short stories unveil deeply painful memories / To look beyond borders and prejudice, and to truly see people as they are, is in itself a form of strength.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 191, "end": 199, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 216, "end": 222, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 261, "end": 272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2025"}, {"start": 303, "end": 309, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}, {"start": 373, "end": 380, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 433, "end": 437, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 527, "end": 530, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 561, "end": 570, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 576, "end": 587, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Xiaohongshu"}, {"start": 703, "end": 708, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 975, "end": 977, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}]}
{"unique_index": 20806, "source_text": "In this sense, Afghan women’s stories function not only as distant narratives but as a mirror through which Chinese readers negotiate their own unarticulated experiences. Some readers have drawn parallels between Afghan women’s experiences and ongoing gender-related conversations in China, particularly around restrictions on personal autonomy, social expectations, and the shrinking space for feminist expression . These reflections can be seen in discussions among overseas Chinese students and feminist communities on platforms such as WeChat and Telegram, where participants related Haidary’s accounts to their own experiences. These perspectives are also reflected, though less explicitly, in mainstream media discourse. A book review published in the state-sponsored outlet Beijing Daily noted that Haidary’s story is not only read as a distant narrative of suffering but also interpreted through readers’ own social realities: 尽管故事发生在遥远的阿富汗，但其中所蕴含的恐惧、挣扎，以及对家庭的牵挂，是人类共通的情感。它提醒着我们，和平与自由并非与生俱来，而是需要珍惜与守护。 Although the stories take place in Afghanistan, the fear, the struggles, and the family ties are universal sentiments. It [the book] reminds us that peace and freedom is not given, but something that we have to treasure and safeguard. Some also lauded the resilience of Afghan women living in an oppressive environment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 284, "end": 289, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 540, "end": 546, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WeChat"}, {"start": 551, "end": 559, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 588, "end": 595, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 781, "end": 794, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Beijing Daily"}, {"start": 806, "end": 813, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1056, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20807, "source_text": "One user left the following comment on a book review on Douban, a Chinese platform for user-generated reviews of books, films, and cultural content: 即便在这样的压力之下，阿迪亚依然写出了独属于阿富汗女性的坚韧、热情和对自由的渴望。书中描绘的女性并非被动的受害者：有的加入国民军找回自尊，有的在绝望中寻找巫师抗争，有的在流言蜚语中坚持自我。正如哈迪亚在自序中所写：“除了战争和破坏之外，人们还必须有其他东西来介绍自己。 Even under such pressure, Haidary managed to capture the resilience, passion, and yearning for freedom that are unique to Afghan women. The women portrayed in the book are not passive victims: some joined the National Army to reclaim their dignity, some seek out shamans in their desperation to fight back, and some remain true to themselves amid rumors and gossip. As Haidary writes in her preface: ‘Beyond war and destruction, people must have something else to define themselves.’ In addition to online promotion, some readers took further steps to support her. One reader even delivered the book to Haidary during a business trip to Pakistan in November 2025. In such a constrained environment, solidarity does not disappear; it becomes quieter, more fragmented, and often deeply personal. All these small acts of feminist solidarity were carried out without widespread mobilization or calls to action, as feminist social media outlets have been banned and related networks repressed in recent years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 310, "end": 317, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 493, "end": 506, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Army"}, {"start": 653, "end": 660, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 849, "end": 852, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 887, "end": 894, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 921, "end": 929, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 933, "end": 946, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 20808, "source_text": "Citizen-initiated fundraising and advocacy work is highly sensitive and almost impossible under China’s tightly regulated online environment. Hong highlighted the cross-border solidarity among women in a reflective piece in January 2026 : 在如今人人默认全球趋向保守排外的时代，这样动人的、毫无私心的援助像接力棒一样发生在中国，并奇迹般地帮到了一个他国女性。 As the world is becoming more conservative and xenophobic, this touching and selfless act of kindness has spread like a relay across China, and miraculously helped a woman from another country. Indeed, the willingness to learn and understand others’ suffering is precious in today’s chaotic world, as explained in a post on Sohu: 哈迪亚·海达里的作品，既是一面镜子，也是一把钥匙。它映照出阿富汗女性的苦难，也叩问着每一个读者的责任：当世界在喧嚣中遗忘某些角落的伤痛时，我们是否愿意成为“知道”的人？这本书的答案或许不在于提供解决方案，而在于唤醒共情。正如书中所写：“她们并不遥远。” Haidary’s work serves both as a mirror and a key. It reflects the suffering of Afghan women while also challenging every reader to consider their responsibility: When the world, overwhelmed by noise, forgets the pain in certain corners, are we willing to be among those who ‘know’? The book’s answer may not lie in offering solutions, but rather in awakening empathy. As the book states: ‘They are not far away.’", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 96, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 142, "end": 146, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hong"}, {"start": 224, "end": 236, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 432, "end": 437, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 574, "end": 579, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 756, "end": 763, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Haidary"}, {"start": 778, "end": 782, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20809, "source_text": "Undoing a decade of progress for transgender rights in India\n\nA Bill has been proposed in India’s lower house of Parliament that strikes at the core of transgender people’s right to bodily autonomy and privacy as guaranteed by the Supreme Court of India in a landmark 2014 judgment, National Legal Services Authority ( NALSA ) v. Union of India. Activists have therefore called the bill “unconstitutional” and “dangerous,” and as it is expected to soon become law, it has also heightened concerns and uncertainty about its impact. Read more: How India's higher judiciary is steadily advancing transgender rights amid global anti-trans backlash Proposed amendments to existing legislation The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026 (“2026 Bill”) has been newly introduced in India’s ongoing Parliamentary Budget Session, proposing to amend the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (“2019 Act”), much to the chagrin of India’s transgender community. According to activists, the proposed amendments to the 2019 Act threaten trans people’s safety and privacy in two ways.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Undoing a decade of progress for transgender rights in India"}, {"start": 90, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 231, "end": 244, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 248, "end": 253, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 268, "end": 272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 283, "end": 316, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Legal Services Authority"}, {"start": 330, "end": 344, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Union of India"}, {"start": 346, "end": 355, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activists"}, {"start": 546, "end": 551, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 692, "end": 755, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026"}, {"start": 758, "end": 762, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 799, "end": 804, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 916, "end": 920, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 923, "end": 927, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 958, "end": 963, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1011, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1044, "end": 1048, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20810, "source_text": "First, they narrow the definition of who counts as “transgender” by effectively excluding a wide range of identities, including, but not limited to, transgender men, non-binary and gender-fluid persons who do not fit into rigid gender categories, as well as many intersex and trans-feminine identities. Second, the amendments delete the provision of the law that explicitly guaranteed, within the text of the statute, the right to self-identification of one’s gender. Instead of self-identification, a person would now need to provide medical proof of gender change through surgery and submit a certificate issued by the Medical Superintendent or Chief Medical Officer to the District Magistrate, who, upon being satisfied with the correctness of the certificate, may issue a certificate indicating a change in gender. Gatekeeping gender identity The amendments also envision the creation of “medical boards” to certify gender identity. These boards are to be headed by a Chief Medical Officer or a Deputy Chief Medical Officer, and mandate that the District Magistrate issue certificates only after examining the recommendation of this board.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 258, "end": 262, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 515, "end": 518, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 647, "end": 668, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Medical Officer"}, {"start": 676, "end": 695, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "District Magistrate"}, {"start": 972, "end": 993, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chief Medical Officer"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1027, "label": "JOB", "value": "Deputy Chief Medical Officer"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1069, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "District Magistrate"}]}
{"unique_index": 20811, "source_text": "The provision also allows the District Magistrate to seek the assistance of other medical experts if required. Comics channel Sanitary Panels weighs in: These provisions pathologize transgender identity by subjecting it to mandatory medical certification and raise serious concerns about privacy. It should be noted that the 2019 law and its accompanying Rules did not mandate medical or physical intervention. Instead, they allowed transgender persons to directly apply for recognition based on their self-perceived gender identity. If they later chose to undergo surgery to change their gender, they may apply for revised documentation. The proposed amendments fundamentally alter this process by inserting a medical board at the very beginning of the recognition procedure, effectively eliminating the possibility of recognition based solely on self-perception. Furthermore, the inclusion of a provision allowing the District Magistrate to seek the assistance of other medical experts raises additional privacy concerns. By granting such broad discretion, the law risks allowing the District Magistrate to discuss an applicant’s case with multiple medical professionals.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 30, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "District Magistrate"}, {"start": 126, "end": 141, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sanitary Panels"}, {"start": 325, "end": 329, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 920, "end": 939, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "District Magistrate"}, {"start": 1086, "end": 1105, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "District Magistrate"}]}
{"unique_index": 20812, "source_text": "It does not specify that these consultations must take place confidentially, nor that they require the informed consent of the individual concerned. But these concerns are all secondary. Even if confidential, consent-centered, and trans-affirmative procedures were to be put in place, the very requirement of a medical board for certification of gender identity strikes at the core of the Supreme Court’s ruling in NALSA and violates it. Criminal offences introduced: protection or policing? Under the 2019 Act, Section 18 criminalized specific acts such as forcing a transgender person into bonded labor, denying access to public places, forcing them to leave their residence, or subjecting them to physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, or economic abuse. The proposed amendments retain these offences without any attempt at rationalizing the disproportionately low punishments for certain offences, such as sexual abuse committed against a transgender person, when compared to punishments provided under India’s general criminal law .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 389, "end": 402, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 502, "end": 506, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1010, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20813, "source_text": "On the other hand, it introduces new provisions to criminalize acts such as forced labor, employment in begging or solicitation, kidnapping and grievous hurt or injury inflicted through compelling a person to “assume, adopt, or outwardly present a transgender identity” or even to “dress, present, or conduct themselves outwardly as a transgender person” through allurement, inducement, deception, force, or the like. Outwardly, these insertions may appear to provide a remedy against aggravated forms of coercion. However, the conduct that falls within their scope remains equivocal. It is wholly unclear what the law perceives to be the “presenting, dressing or conducting” of oneself as transgender, especially in the context of the newly medicalized definition. These terms are not defined or characterised, and remain open to (mis)interpretation by the police and State. The line is blurred between situations involving actual violence or abduction, and those involving voluntary co-opting into community networks and norms ( such as within hijra gharanas — traditional kinship-based community structures among transgender persons in South Asia).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1139, "end": 1149, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20814, "source_text": "This gives rise to concern regarding the misuse of criminal law in contexts where transgender persons receive shelter and support from their community, especially in the absence of support from the state, their natal families, and larger society. The further invocation of criminal law appears to have been made without conducting any stakeholder consultations or impact assessments of the law’s social, fiscal, and judicial implications. There is a lack of evidence available in the public domain indicating the necessity of such criminalization. It is thus unclear whether the problem that the State seeks to solve is a problem that currently exists. A comparable insertion was controversially proposed in the 2019 Act, and then ultimately dropped . In the broader context of the 2026 Bill, these proposed introductions further the colonial narrative of viewing expressions of transgender identity with suspicion, especially where they occur outside narrowly defined categories recognized by the law. This possibility has contributed to fears that provisions intended as protective measures could instead be used to police identity and community relationships, rather than to prevent genuine harm.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 635, "end": 644, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 712, "end": 716, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 782, "end": 786, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 20815, "source_text": "The Way Forward The Bill has not yet been signed into law, meaning there are several ways it could proceed. The Bill could be passed by the lower house of Parliament, withdrawn by the government, or sent to what is known as a Parliamentary Standing Committee — a group of Members of Parliament that would examine the proposed law in detail and may also consult experts and community stakeholders before submitting a final report with recommendations. Activist Prakhy posts in X (formerly Twitter) Another possible path is litigation through the courts after the Bill gets signed into law . However, petitions challenging several provisions of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, have already been pending before the Supreme Court since 2019, which means that relief through this route, if it comes at all, is unlikely to be immediate. In the meantime, activists and members of the transgender community remain committed to ensuring that the Bill is withdrawn, allowing the law to return to the first principles outlined by the Supreme Court in NALSA.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 77, "end": 84, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 226, "end": 258, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Parliamentary Standing Committee"}, {"start": 272, "end": 293, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Members of Parliament"}, {"start": 451, "end": 459, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activist"}, {"start": 488, "end": 495, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 621, "end": 628, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 695, "end": 699, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 738, "end": 751, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 758, "end": 762, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 874, "end": 883, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1062, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}]}
{"unique_index": 20816, "source_text": "Rebuilding from the Thailand-Myanmar border: Thapyay’s journey of courage and new beginnings\n\nOn the Thai-Myanmar border, many lives are quietly being rebuilt. Since the military junta launched a coup against the Myanmar government in February 2021, an estimated 3.7 million people have been internally displaced, according to data from the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). However, behind every story of displacement is a person learning to begin again, often with uncertainty, limited opportunities, and the weight of everything left behind. This is the story of Thapyay, one of many Myanmar women living in exile who continues to move forward with courage and determination. Before the coup, she was a university lecturer and Associate Professor in Central Myanmar, dedicating more than 20 years to teaching. Her classroom was a place where young people learned, questioned, and imagined their futures. But when the military coup happened in Myanmar, Thapyay joined the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), a group of young people fighting back against the junta regime through acts of civil disobedience and resistance. Like many CDM participants, the consequences came quickly. Remaining inside the country was no longer safe. At the end of 2022, Thapyay and her family crossed the border into Mae Sot, Thailand, seeking safety.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 92, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Rebuilding from the Thailand-Myanmar border: Thapyay’s journey of courage and new beginnings"}, {"start": 106, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 122, "end": 126, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 213, "end": 220, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 235, "end": 248, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2021"}, {"start": 263, "end": 274, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.7 million"}, {"start": 341, "end": 358, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Refugee Agency"}, {"start": 360, "end": 365, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNHCR"}, {"start": 575, "end": 579, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 580, "end": 587, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 710, "end": 718, "label": "JOB", "value": "lecturer"}, {"start": 723, "end": 742, "label": "JOB", "value": "Associate Professor"}, {"start": 754, "end": 761, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 784, "end": 792, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 939, "end": 946, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 967, "end": 994, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civil Disobedience Movement"}, {"start": 996, "end": 999, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CDM"}, {"start": 1121, "end": 1125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1238, "end": 1242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 1291, "end": 1298, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mae Sot"}, {"start": 1300, "end": 1308, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}]}
{"unique_index": 20817, "source_text": "For someone who spent decades in academia, the transition was painful. But instead of trying to recreate her past, she began exploring new possibilities for the future. Thapyay joined the Zin Yaw Women Rising Program, supported by Exile Hub and partners. The program offered career coaching, digital skills training, and peer support, with courses delivered through an online learning platform. For Thapyay, the experience was transformative. She explains that “The most helpful part was not only the technical skills. It was learning to see myself differently again.” She added, “It helped me understand what parts of my identity I needed to let go of and what parts I should hold onto with confidence.” A new chapter Today, Thapyay works as a content writer, allowing her to work safely from home. For her, this milestone represents far more than a job. It represents the possibility of rebuilding life after disruption. “It was not easy to strip away my past titles and start again, but I now see this not as an ending but as the beginning of a new life.” Her confidence, slowly but surely, is returning.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 188, "end": 216, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zin Yaw Women Rising Program"}, {"start": 719, "end": 724, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 753, "end": 759, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 992, "end": 995, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20818, "source_text": "“For that, I am deeply grateful to the Zin Yaw program, the trainers, and the organizations that made this opportunity possible.” Words for other women at the border Thapyay knows that many other women in exile are facing similar challenges. Her message to them is simple, but powerful: “Struggling in these conditions is exhausting physically and mentally. But please do not give up. Protect your mental strength.” For many people rebuilding their lives after displacement, the future can feel uncertain. But Thapyay has learned something important along the way. She encourages fellow women in exile, “Try to trust the process. Sometimes we focus too much on the result and forget that every small step we take today has value. One day, opportunities will appear. These struggles are simply part of the path forward.” She added, “Circumstances may limit you, but no one can limit your talent or your effort.” The skills she is learning, the work she is doing, and the resilience she continues to build are all part of that process. Along with many women living lives on the border, Thapyay continues walking that path, one step at a time.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 185, "end": 189, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 420, "end": 424, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 713, "end": 718, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 730, "end": 737, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "One day"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1049, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1121, "end": 1124, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20819, "source_text": "Our generation will continue resisting the Taliban’s restrictions on women and girls\n\nThis article was written by Fareshtah in 2025. It is published with her consent under the special coverage that tells the stories of young women and girls from Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover in August 2021. I am well familiar with the term “war between the Taliban and the government” because I have witnessed the trade-offs and conflicts between the two sides since my childhood. Our fate has always fluctuated because of their actions and decisions. I was born in the last year of the first Taliban regime (1996–2001) in Afghanistan’s central Ghor Province. Fortunately, I had gained the right to education after the fall of the first regime. I still remember the excitement of my first day at school, donning a black uniform and white scarf. It was a special feeling! I had not yet entered the university when we heard news of the peace talks between the U.S. and Taliban in February 2020, and we had hoped for peace and a better future.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 84, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Our generation will continue resisting the Taliban’s restrictions on women and girls"}, {"start": 127, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 246, "end": 257, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}, {"start": 292, "end": 303, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2021"}, {"start": 449, "end": 452, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 568, "end": 577, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 607, "end": 611, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1996"}, {"start": 612, "end": 616, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2001"}, {"start": 621, "end": 632, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}, {"start": 643, "end": 656, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghor Province"}, {"start": 956, "end": 960, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 976, "end": 989, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2020"}]}
{"unique_index": 20820, "source_text": "Finally, after passing the entrance exam, I entered the university. The years 2020 and 2021 were among the most accomplished years of my life, because I had found my path and was on the verge of achieving all my goals. I was studying Sharia and Islamic Sciences and wanted to become a successful attorney, so I registered for the two-year legal skills program through the Asia Foundation and the Ministry of Higher Education. At the same time, the war between the Taliban and government forces was intensifying. The security situation was worsening, and because of the extreme heat waves, the university and the legal skills classes were held both in person and online. I saw news of the collapse of the provinces one after another, but I was still thinking about my goals and pursuing them. On August 13, 2021, the war had reached the gates of our home city of Herat. The next day, I was trying to connect to my online class in my room when my brother opened the door and said, “Put it down, it’s over.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 78, "end": 82, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 87, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 296, "end": 304, "label": "JOB", "value": "attorney"}, {"start": 372, "end": 387, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Asia Foundation"}, {"start": 396, "end": 424, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Higher Education"}, {"start": 643, "end": 647, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 714, "end": 717, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 795, "end": 810, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 13, 2021"}, {"start": 862, "end": 867, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Herat"}, {"start": 873, "end": 881, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next day"}]}
{"unique_index": 20821, "source_text": "The end of dreams With the fall of Herat, there was no exam, no presentation, and no news of the class or its continuation. All my hopes suddenly evaporated before my eyes, as if I had been in a very sweet dream and someone had woken me up with a heavy blow. Such a heavy blow that it took away my power of speech and tears. I felt that my soul had been separated from my body, and all that was left was a lifeless body. My heart burned with the desire to continue university and the legal skills class, but with complete despair, I could do nothing but cry. After a few months, private universities opened, but there was no news of public universities opening. Six months later, public universities finally opened. I studied intensively for the last three semesters and finished my thesis. I was supposed to defend my thesis on a Saturday (December 24) and attend my batch’s graduation ceremony on the Monday (December 26).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 567, "end": 577, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few months"}, {"start": 662, "end": 678, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Six months later"}, {"start": 751, "end": 756, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 831, "end": 839, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 841, "end": 852, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 24"}, {"start": 903, "end": 909, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday"}, {"start": 911, "end": 922, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 26"}]}
{"unique_index": 20822, "source_text": "However, on Tuesday, December 20, 2022, a decree was issued prohibiting girls from attending universities. I contacted my professor, and he said, “Come on, defend your thesis because you’ve graduated.” On Saturday morning, I left for the university, happy that I had been given the right to defend my thesis, yet also sad that so many other girls had dropped out. When I arrived at the university gate, a Taliban member blocked the gate and refused to let me out of the rickshaw, which I had taken to get there. Finally, I got down and hurried toward the university gate, but he stood in front of me with the gun. I ignored him and approached the gate. He grabbed the strap of my laptop bag, pulled it, and said violently: “You don't understand what I’m talking about?! Or should I blow your brains out?!” He fired a shot in the air, and a strange and unpleasant ringing filled my ears. A bystander came toward me and said, “Sister, please go.” He was one of the university guards I knew.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tuesday"}, {"start": 21, "end": 38, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 20, 2022"}, {"start": 122, "end": 131, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 205, "end": 213, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 330, "end": 334, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20823, "source_text": "I left and went to the Shame Danesh Publishing House. As soon as I entered, my anger exploded, and tears flew down my face. The tears in my eyes had become like a sea that could not be dried. I no longer cared whether people saw me crying as I left that place. I was walking home in tears when I heard my cell phone ring. It was my father, and he asked: “Have you finished your defense, and how was it?” Crying, and in one breath, I told him the story. He comforted me, told me about the hardships and tortures he had endured, and advised me to be patient and persevere. From one set of goals to another I got home, slept a little, then started searching for online courses and educational opportunities, but since I couldn’t find a suitable opportunity, I started reading books. I participated in a women’s reading group twice a week. We read different books, but this time I really needed a motivational and psychological book.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 52, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Shame Danesh Publishing House"}, {"start": 419, "end": 422, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 576, "end": 579, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20824, "source_text": "I visited the group and saw the name of the book, “Wuthering Heights.” Reading it gave me the motivation to start again and helped me renew myself. Nearly a year after finishing my bachelor’s degree, I managed to defend my thesis online. But I had no more enthusiasm, because my goals had completely deviated from their original path. I had to set new goals. I started studying, researching, and participating in online programs. I started my computer and English courses online, but after a few months, they were canceled again due to Taliban restrictions, and there has been no news of them since. A decree was issued allowing girls to attend educational courses, and I also registered for an in-person course, but they quickly reneged on the promise and banned it again . Over the last three years, I have participated in various online programs, trainings, and conferences because my dream job is not available to me at the moment. I realized that the root of all these problems is a lack of awareness.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 492, "end": 502, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few months"}, {"start": 784, "end": 800, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last three years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20825, "source_text": "I have been teaching in online schools for girls who have been deprived of education for almost two years, and I have also started teaching Islamic culture courses at the university. I want to fight ignorance and injustice in my own way. Whether it is by transferring my little knowledge by reading a line from a book, or writing, or even tying a root to hope and growing its withered buds in my heart and that of my fellow human beings. I hope for a better tomorrow and a bright future for my country. Our generation that suffered this injustice and ignorance will never give birth to a child who will surrender to the oppressor and the ignorant. They will not allow a third repetition in history with such a bitter experience.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 96, "end": 105, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years"}, {"start": 458, "end": 466, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "tomorrow"}]}
{"unique_index": 20826, "source_text": "Extending authoritarianism through dynasty in Azerbaijan\n\nSince 2020, a notable transformation has unfolded in the agenda of pro-government media in Azerbaijan. While the focus was previously on President Ilham Aliyev’s official meetings, political decisions, and state events, more recently, the First Family’s daily religious, charitable, and symbolic activities have begun to gain news value. The Aliyev family’s Iftar tables, mosque visits, and humanitarian trips are no longer presented in the media space as ordinary social events; rather, they are featured directly under the rubric of domestic policy. This shift is not coincidental. The trend in question can be interpreted as a visual and communicative manifestation of the government’s transition from a leader-centered political representation model to a family-centered or dynastic representation model. The fact that this model has become more apparent in recent years indicates that the government has begun to build its legitimacy not just through the figure of an individual leader, but through the integrity of the family unit. In this context, a crucial question arises: Is the shift of the media’s political focus from official cabinets to religious ceremonies and symbolic family spaces a demonstration of sincerity, or a process of incrementally embedding the idea of a “family state” into the deeper layers of public consciousness?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 56, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Extending authoritarianism through dynasty in Azerbaijan"}, {"start": 64, "end": 68, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 149, "end": 159, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Azerbaijan"}, {"start": 195, "end": 204, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 205, "end": 217, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ilham Aliyev"}, {"start": 312, "end": 317, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 400, "end": 406, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aliyev"}]}
{"unique_index": 20827, "source_text": "The rise of the “family state” Research conducted on modern autocratic regimes allows for this question to be answered within a theoretical framework. When analyzing hereditary succession mechanisms in modern authoritarian regimes, Jason Brownlee, professor at the University of Texas, cites the transfer of power in Singapore and Azerbaijan’s 2003 transition from President Heydar Aliyev to his son, Ilham, as examples. However, while Brownlee’s analysis focuses primarily on biological succession, a more complex model is taking shape within Azerbaijan today. Ilham Aliyev is not settling for traditional father-to-son succession; instead, he appears to be transforming the government into a family-based monarchy model during his own lifetime, whereby power is transferred not to a single individual, but to a collective family brand. First Lady and Vice President Mehriban Aliyeva, along with Aliyev’s daughters and daughter-in-law, are becoming permanent actors in the sociopolitical space, made clearly visible during the president’s international visits . At foreign political events, Ilham Aliyev is presented to the public not as a head of state, but collectively, alongside his family . In January 2026, during events held within the framework of the Davos Forum , the president’s son, Heydar Jr., wore a badge with the SOCAR logo. SOCAR is a state-owned oil and gas company that is the primary source of revenue for the authoritarian regime.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 232, "end": 246, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jason Brownlee"}, {"start": 248, "end": 257, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 265, "end": 284, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Texas"}, {"start": 317, "end": 326, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 331, "end": 341, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Azerbaijan"}, {"start": 344, "end": 348, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2003"}, {"start": 365, "end": 374, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 375, "end": 388, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Heydar Aliyev"}, {"start": 401, "end": 406, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ilham"}, {"start": 436, "end": 444, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Brownlee"}, {"start": 544, "end": 554, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Azerbaijan"}, {"start": 555, "end": 560, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 562, "end": 574, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ilham Aliyev"}, {"start": 838, "end": 848, "label": "JOB", "value": "First Lady"}, {"start": 853, "end": 867, "label": "JOB", "value": "Vice President"}, {"start": 868, "end": 884, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mehriban Aliyeva"}, {"start": 897, "end": 903, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aliyev"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1037, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1104, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ilham Aliyev"}, {"start": 1200, "end": 1212, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 1261, "end": 1272, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Davos Forum"}, {"start": 1279, "end": 1288, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 1296, "end": 1305, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Heydar Jr"}]}
{"unique_index": 20828, "source_text": "It is a detail that appears not merely as a protocol coincidence, but as an attempt to symbolically link family members with the state’s primary strategic institutions. Photos and videos circulating from the forum emphasize the extent to which the president often moves alongside his spouse, Mehriban, daughter Leyla, and daughter-in-law Alyona, attending meetings and key events together. These types of visual strategies are observed in other international events as well, carrying a political message that transcends the boundaries of traditional diplomatic protocol. Implications of an Aliyev dynasty This family-centered legitimacy strategy is not merely symbolic; it carries profound economic implications . The centralized resources of state capitalism, ranging from oil revenues to strategic industrial sectors, are no longer managed through classic bureaucratic institutions but are consolidated directly under the family brand . This process operates in parallel with the dispossession of the old oligarchy within the ruling elite, serving to concentrate wealth within an even narrower, more exclusive circle. Consequently, the image of the charitable and humanistic family presented by state-run media functions as an aesthetic veil, obscuring the deep class inequality and skewed distribution of resources in the country.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 248, "end": 257, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 292, "end": 300, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mehriban"}, {"start": 338, "end": 344, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alyona"}, {"start": 590, "end": 596, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aliyev"}]}
{"unique_index": 20829, "source_text": "The ultimate stage of neoliberal authoritarianism is often the complete transformation of state functions into a single, corporate-family holding. Comparatively, during Heydar Aliyev ’s presidency, only his granddaughter Leyla would occasionally appear in the media; in fact, Ilham was rarely seen on the public stage with his father. Now, however, the consistent media presence of family members is being normalized and rendered commonplace. On February 25, 2026, for instance — just one day — a government-funded media outlet published eight separate reports about the president’s daughter and daughter-in-law, despite the content consisting primarily of symbolic , religious , and social activities . Set against the backdrop of the presidential family’s high media visibility, the harsh political “ cleansing ” mechanisms currently being employed in Azerbaijan are being presented in a softer, more psychologically effective manner. When juxtaposed with administrative arrests or sentencing of citizens who criticize the government on social media, visits of the president’s daughters and daughter-in-law to orphanages or social enterprises employing youth with disabilities, and their participation in Iftar tables, create an alternative narrative at a symbolic level.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 169, "end": 182, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Heydar Aliyev"}, {"start": 276, "end": 281, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ilham"}, {"start": 335, "end": 338, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 446, "end": 463, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 25, 2026"}, {"start": 485, "end": 492, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one day"}, {"start": 538, "end": 543, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 571, "end": 580, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 826, "end": 835, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 854, "end": 864, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Azerbaijan"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1076, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}]}
{"unique_index": 20830, "source_text": "Such parallel imagery appears to be a soft power mechanism designed to balance the negative impact generated by harsh repressive practices — so while the coercive tools of the government remain operational on one hand, values of empathy, care, and family values are emphasized on the other. Consequently, without directly denying the repressive nature of the political system, its public perception is softened and compensated for on an emotional level. In the context of a weak economic agenda and rising social discontent, such symbolic activities may aim to divert ordinary citizens’ attention from structural problems and neutralize political dissatisfaction through emotional proximity and moral gestures. In this sense, the continuous presence of family members in charitable and religious spaces can be evaluated not merely as an individual initiative, but as a component of a broader legitimacy strategy in which repression and empathy are managed within the same political space. Lessons in dynasty building Comparing Azerbaijan’s family-centered presentation model with Kazakhstan’s, Nursultan Nazarbayev also positioned his daughters — particularly Dariga — and other family members at the core of the state’s economic and political management.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 209, "end": 212, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1037, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Azerbaijan"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1090, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}]}
{"unique_index": 20831, "source_text": "The Nazarbayev model demonstrated that presenting family members as a national brand in the media and appointing them to strategic posts did not increase the institutional stability of the regime but rather made it more personalized and fragile. The Kazakhstan example also revealed the greatest risk of this strategy: dynastic legitimacy is limited solely to the physical presence and power of the leader. The image of invincibility and the symbolic mother/father figure that the Nazarbayev family built over decades collapsed within just a few days during the events of January 2022 , when the family emerged as the clear losers in an internal power struggle that played out against widespread social unrest. The citizenry often does not accept such family-state unity, artificially created through the media, as legitimate, particularly during moments of political crisis. In the Azerbaijani context, the soft power of family members, built upon charitable and humanitarian activities, is calculated to fill the vacuum created by the paralysis of official state institutions, such as parliament , an imbalanced judiciary , and a lack of free and fair elections .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 250, "end": 260, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 542, "end": 550, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few days"}, {"start": 572, "end": 584, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2022"}]}
{"unique_index": 20832, "source_text": "While family visibility is the common thread linking the Nazarbayev regime to Ilham Aliyev’s family-based governance model, the approach also serves as a tool to neutralize other groups within the political elite, such as the old oligarchy or bureaucratic clans. The symbolic family spaces frequently shown in the media essentially function as a form of collective insurance for the government, which — if it remains heavily dependent on the classic bureaucratic apparatus — may face greater challenges to internal stability. However, when power is consolidated within the family, the chain of loyalty appears more closed and unshakeable. Nevertheless, the Kazakhstan experience demonstrates that no matter how solid such systems may seem, they fail during historical trials because they lack institutional roots. As Samuel Huntington emphasized , hereditary power and plebiscitary institutions cannot coexist in the long term. Ultimately, while political theory underscores that republicanism and heredity are in contradiction, the Azerbaijani media is attempting to reconcile and legitimize this contradiction through the image of a family state, wherein the ruling family is presented as the only force capable of keeping the country stable and safe.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 78, "end": 90, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ilham Aliyev"}, {"start": 657, "end": 667, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 817, "end": 834, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Samuel Huntington"}]}
{"unique_index": 20842, "source_text": "Heavy use of AI increases tensions in Hungary’s upcoming election\n\nAs Hungary approaches its upcoming Parliamentary elections on April 12 , the country’s two major political parties — FIDESZ , the incumbent, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán ; and the opposition TISZA , led by former FIDESZ party member Péter Magyar — which are going up against each other, have started their campaigns in earnest. Citizens of the Central European country are seeing election messages not only on the streets, but online as well. As the BBC reported on April 1, just 11 days before the scheduled election date, FIDESZ — at 35 percent — was far behind TISZA’s 58 percent in the popularity polls. Magyar emerged as Orban’s strongest opposition when, in February 2024, he appeared live on the pro-opposition YouTube channel Partizán , criticised his own party and spoke of his hope for political change, noting it would be very difficult while Orban was still in power. The video went viral. The very next month, Magyar launched TISZA as an opposition party to FIDESZ, which has led the nation for the past 16 years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 65, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Heavy use of AI increases tensions in Hungary’s upcoming election"}, {"start": 70, "end": 77, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 129, "end": 137, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 12"}, {"start": 154, "end": 157, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 215, "end": 229, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 230, "end": 242, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Viktor Orbán"}, {"start": 306, "end": 318, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Péter Magyar"}, {"start": 523, "end": 526, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 539, "end": 546, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 1"}, {"start": 553, "end": 567, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11 days before"}, {"start": 609, "end": 611, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35"}, {"start": 645, "end": 647, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "58"}, {"start": 681, "end": 687, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Magyar"}, {"start": 737, "end": 750, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2024"}, {"start": 791, "end": 798, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 807, "end": 815, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Partizán"}, {"start": 984, "end": 994, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next month"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1002, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Magyar"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1098, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past 16 years"}]}
{"unique_index": 20843, "source_text": "The Orbán regime, as it has been called, has been employing an “ us versus them ” political philosophy, a tactic being used even more prominently as voting day draws nearer. Paired with artificial intelligence (AI) tools, however, Orbán’s divisive messaging appears to be widening the divide in Hungarian society. The party’s full-on mobilisation of this communications approach started online in 2025, after it was established that the majority of younger voters — whom FIDESZ wanted to attract — were leaning towards supporting TISZA . Even prior to the party’s push for the youth demographic, however, FIDESZ maintained a strong presence, both online and in traditional mass media channels. A common approach involved mobilising their voters by calling for them to support the party’s Digital Civil Circles (DPKs) — essentially Facebook groups fighting to create online space for FIDESZ. Facebook is the most used platform within the party’s online content strategy, and it is from within these Facebook groups that the majority of AI content is being distributed. For example, one Facebook account , Not Our War , has posted what has since become a notorious war ad . Even before this election campaign, AI has contributed to the majority of Orbán’s communications.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 9, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 231, "end": 236, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 397, "end": 401, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 642, "end": 646, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 831, "end": 839, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 891, "end": 899, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 998, "end": 1006, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1084, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1093, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1246, "end": 1251, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}]}
{"unique_index": 20844, "source_text": "From posters on the streets to videos that associate voting for the opposition with going to war, AI has been an effective fear-mongering tool. Most recently, the party produced a comic book, which tells the story of how Magyar allegedly has two sides. The publication suggested that Magyar lies to the people of Hungary, only pretending to stand with them while secretly working for Ursula von der Leyen , the current president of the European Commission. It is quite common to see the comic book being promoted alongside other FIDESZ campaign material, including on advertising spaces like billboards and bus stops. One question being discussed is whether these realistic-looking AI videos and comic books are crossing the line in the context of a democratic election. The images are quite realistic-looking , and many citizens cannot tell the difference between fact and synthesized, AI-generated visuals — especially when FIDESZ is portrayed as the only viable option. A good example of the extent to which Hungarian people are led to believe that AI-generated propaganda is real revolves around a false taxation system that the government claims the opposition has.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 221, "end": 227, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Magyar"}, {"start": 242, "end": 245, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 284, "end": 290, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Magyar"}, {"start": 313, "end": 320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 384, "end": 404, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ursula von der Leyen"}, {"start": 419, "end": 428, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 436, "end": 455, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Commission"}, {"start": 618, "end": 621, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 816, "end": 820, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20845, "source_text": "It even organised a national consultation in which people weighed in on whether or not they wanted the alleged TISZA taxes. In office since 2010, the far-right, nationalistic Orbán has maintained backing from both U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin. He has consistently challenged the European Union and remains one of the few EU leaders reluctant to support Ukraine. For Europe’s expanding group of nationalist movements, whether already governing or nearing power, an Orbán loss at the polls could potentially weaken the position of far-right parties in the rest of the EU. In response, a senior TISZA official told the BBC , “While the rest of Europe is being sucked into the radical nationalist tunnel, we can show the way out.” The use of AI in political ads is not directly prohibited by the EU AI Act , which came into force in August 2024, but it becomes fully applicable only in August 2026. According to this legislation, AI-generated political ads need to be clearly labeled as such, and “manipulative” use of AI is prohibited.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 140, "end": 144, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 175, "end": 180, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 209, "end": 213, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 214, "end": 218, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 219, "end": 228, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 229, "end": 241, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 246, "end": 263, "label": "JOB", "value": "Russian President"}, {"start": 264, "end": 278, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vladimir Putin"}, {"start": 315, "end": 329, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 353, "end": 356, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 357, "end": 359, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 389, "end": 396, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 402, "end": 408, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 500, "end": 505, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 602, "end": 604, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 652, "end": 655, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 677, "end": 683, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 831, "end": 837, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI Act"}, {"start": 865, "end": 876, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2024"}, {"start": 918, "end": 929, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 20846, "source_text": "However, Hungarian elections are still in the “grey zone” of AI regulation, not simply because the EU AI act has not fully gone into effect, but also because the country does not have its own national law on AI use. Fact checkers, though, have investigated the enormous amount of fake claims and disinformation circulating around the election — many of them using AI. Orbán’s party does label some of the ads as “AI-generated,” and some, not . Its opponents, meanwhile, although also spreading some false narratives, have mostly been engaged with social media without using AI-generated content. As Zsófia Fülöp, a journalist at Hungary’s only independent fact-checking website, Lakmusz , told the BBC , while such narratives from the ruling party are not new, the use of generative AI is: “It is omnipresent in this campaign, especially in the communication of the ruling party and its media and proxies. They’ve used it before, but now it’s massive.” The Hungarian elections, which will culminate in the vote on April 12, is among the first to employ such a spread of AI-generated ads and disinformation. Depending on the results, others might follow.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 99, "end": 101, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 368, "end": 373, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 599, "end": 611, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zsófia Fülöp"}, {"start": 615, "end": 625, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 629, "end": 636, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 679, "end": 686, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lakmusz"}, {"start": 698, "end": 701, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 934, "end": 937, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1022, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 12"}]}
{"unique_index": 20847, "source_text": "Bangladesh’s energy crisis worsens as US's war on Iran drags on\n\nRashid Ahmed waited two hours at a fuel station in Dhaka’s Mirpur district on March 10, watching the line of motorcycles stretch into the next block as the pump operator turned away customer after customer. The forty-two-year-old delivery rider had visited three stations since dawn, each time finding either empty tanks or queues too long to wait through before his first delivery deadline. His motorcycle sat idle while his family’s income evaporated with each passing hour. Ahmed’s frustration mirrors the experience of hundreds of thousands across Bangladesh as government-imposed rationing collides with daily survival. The rationing emerged from a crisis that began thousands of kilometers away in the Persian Gulf. During mid March, the government withdrew the temporary rationing system for fuel sales; however, shortages, long queues, and irregularities at most filling stations made it difficult for vehicles to obtain fuel. As tensions between Iran, Israel, and the United States escalated into open warfare, Bangladesh found itself plunged into an energy emergency despite the geographic distance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bangladesh’s energy crisis worsens as US's war on Iran drags on"}, {"start": 85, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two hours"}, {"start": 116, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 143, "end": 151, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 10"}, {"start": 276, "end": 294, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "forty-two-year-old"}, {"start": 322, "end": 327, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 588, "end": 596, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 600, "end": 609, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 617, "end": 627, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 674, "end": 679, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 737, "end": 746, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 773, "end": 785, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Persian Gulf"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1024, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1032, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1055, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1095, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20848, "source_text": "The country of 175 million people imports roughly 95 percent of its energy, making it almost entirely dependent on global fuel markets. When the Strait of Hormuz became a battleground , the world’s oil supplies dipped, as the narrow waterway is the gateway for nearly a third of the world’s seaborne oil. Bangladesh felt the squeeze immediately. The cascade begins: Supply lines cut The crisis hit with devastating speed in early March. QatarEnergy , one of Bangladesh’s three long-term liquified natural gas (LNG) suppliers, suspended deliveries, invoking force majeure , after Iranian attacks on energy infrastructure disrupted production. Qatar accounts for 20 percent of global LNG supply. Within days, the other two suppliers followed suit, cutting off Bangladesh from all contracted deliveries. Bangladesh had been purchasing spot LNG cargoes at approximately ten dollars per million British thermal units in January. By mid-March, those prices had skyrocketed to USD 28.28 per MMBtu (million metric British thermal units) for emergency purchases.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 26, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "175 million"}, {"start": 50, "end": 52, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95"}, {"start": 145, "end": 161, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Strait of Hormuz"}, {"start": 305, "end": 315, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 458, "end": 468, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 471, "end": 476, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 642, "end": 647, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Qatar"}, {"start": 661, "end": 663, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 717, "end": 720, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 758, "end": 768, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 801, "end": 811, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 866, "end": 869, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 882, "end": 889, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "million"}, {"start": 974, "end": 979, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28.28"}, {"start": 991, "end": 998, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "million"}]}
{"unique_index": 20849, "source_text": "“We are buying spot LNG at an exorbitant price, which is almost 2.5 times higher than the price of four days ago,” Energy Secretary Saiful Islam told reporters. This price explosion created a vicious cycle. When Petrobangla floated an initial tender for spot LNG on March 1, it received zero bids . Traders considered Bangladesh’s market too volatile and risky. Only after offering even higher prices did the country secure cargo from Gunvor at USD 28.28 MMBtu and Vitol at USD 23.08 per MMBtu. “We are now looking for alternatives from the spot market to fill the window left vacant by the three suppliers,” Petrobangla Chairman Md Arfanul Hoque acknowledged . Bangladesh was scheduled to receive 115 LNG cargoes in 2026. Officials projected losing forty of them due to disruptions in Western Asia. Who gets the gas? Power generation and household consumption took precedence over industrial uses. This meant four of five state-run urea fertilizer factories had to shut down for at least fifteen days. Only the Shahjalal Fertilizer Company continued operating, along with one private facility.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.5"}, {"start": 99, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four days ago"}, {"start": 132, "end": 144, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saiful Islam"}, {"start": 150, "end": 159, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporters"}, {"start": 266, "end": 273, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 1"}, {"start": 287, "end": 291, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 318, "end": 328, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 449, "end": 454, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28.28"}, {"start": 478, "end": 483, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23.08"}, {"start": 503, "end": 506, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 591, "end": 596, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 621, "end": 629, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chairman"}, {"start": 630, "end": 646, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Md Arfanul Hoque"}, {"start": 662, "end": 672, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 698, "end": 701, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "115"}, {"start": 717, "end": 721, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 750, "end": 755, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "forty"}, {"start": 794, "end": 798, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 918, "end": 922, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 989, "end": 1001, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "fifteen days"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1040, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Only the Shahjalal Fertilizer Company"}, {"start": 1073, "end": 1076, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20850, "source_text": "Bangladesh was in the middle of the Boro season , when rice paddies require consistent irrigation and fertilization. Government officials insisted there was no immediate crisis due to existing stocks. Farmers and agricultural experts worried about medium-term shortages. Meanwhile, gas supply to the power sector dropped from 870 million cubic feet per day (mmcfd) to 820 mmcfd. Officials warned this reduction would likely increase power load-shedding across the country and could lead to blackouts. “Until the supply side is fixed, I have to use what I have in my hand in a prudent manner,” Power and Energy Minister Iqbal Hassan Mahmood Tuku told reporters. “We must use what we have sparingly. If people cooperate, it will be possible to overcome this crisis.” Universities closed, fuel rationed On March 8, authorities announced that all universities would close early, advancing Eid holidays to reduce electricity consumption. University campuses consume large amounts of power for dormitories, classrooms, laboratories, and air conditioning. Shutting them down offered immediate relief to the strained power grid. Students faced uncertainty about when normal operations would resume.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 201, "end": 208, "label": "JOB", "value": "Farmers"}, {"start": 326, "end": 337, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "870 million"}, {"start": 368, "end": 371, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "820"}, {"start": 619, "end": 644, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Iqbal Hassan Mahmood Tuku"}, {"start": 650, "end": 659, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporters"}, {"start": 803, "end": 810, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 8"}]}
{"unique_index": 20851, "source_text": "“We are doing everything we can to reduce consumption and ensure stability in power, fuel, and import supplies,” a senior official from the Ministry of Power, Energy, and Mineral Resources explained . Simultaneously, the government ordered petrol pumps to reduce daily sales by 10 percent to preserve national fuel reserves. This rationing triggered panic across major cities. Long queues formed at fuel stations as motorists rushed to fill their tanks. Drivers reported waiting hours to purchase fuel. Some stations ran dry by midday. The industrial toll The ready-made garment industry accounts for 84 percent of Bangladesh’s exports and employs millions of workers. When power cuts doubled to as much as five hours per day, factories faced impossible choices. Industry leaders described a nightmare scenario unfolding since the conflict began in late February. Running diesel generators during extended outages dramatically increased operating costs. In recent months, many textile and garment factories operated at only 40–50 percent capacity. These production losses threatened export orders.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 140, "end": 157, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Power"}, {"start": 263, "end": 268, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 278, "end": 280, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 454, "end": 461, "label": "JOB", "value": "Drivers"}, {"start": 528, "end": 534, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "midday"}, {"start": 601, "end": 603, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "84"}, {"start": 615, "end": 625, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 648, "end": 656, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 707, "end": 717, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five hours"}, {"start": 972, "end": 976, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1024, "end": 1029, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40–50"}]}
{"unique_index": 20852, "source_text": "By early March, diesel reserves had fallen to just nine days of supply, measured at 115,473 tons as of March 4. The government scrambled to secure emergency shipments. Bangladesh received 5,000 metric tons through a cross-border pipeline from India’s Numaligarh Refinery. Officials were negotiating for an additional 30,000 metric tons from the Indian Oil Corporation. Household struggles For ordinary Bangladeshi families, the energy crisis manifested most painfully in rising cooking fuel costs. The price of a 12.5 kg liquefied petrolium gas (LPG) cylinder, which most households use to operate stoves and burners, surged from Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) 900 to 1,500 (USD 7.3 to 12.2), adding between BTD 500–800 (USD 4–6.5) to monthly household expenses. The minimum wage in Bangladesh is BDT 12,500 per month (approximately USD 101). For low-income families already struggling with inflation, this increase forced painful adjustments. Some families began undercooking meals to conserve gas. Others reverted to traditional fuels like wood and dung. “The Middle East war has made LPG imports very difficult,” Abdur Razzaq, Managing Director of JMI Group , explained.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 60, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "nine days"}, {"start": 84, "end": 91, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "115,473"}, {"start": 103, "end": 110, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 4"}, {"start": 168, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 188, "end": 193, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 243, "end": 248, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 317, "end": 323, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30,000"}, {"start": 345, "end": 367, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Indian Oil Corporation"}, {"start": 513, "end": 517, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12.5"}, {"start": 653, "end": 665, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "900 to 1,500"}, {"start": 671, "end": 682, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7.3 to 12.2"}, {"start": 704, "end": 711, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500–800"}, {"start": 717, "end": 722, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4–6.5"}, {"start": 727, "end": 734, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 775, "end": 785, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 793, "end": 799, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12,500"}, {"start": 829, "end": 832, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "101"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1065, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Middle East"}, {"start": 1108, "end": 1120, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abdur Razzaq"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1152, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Managing Director of JMI Group"}]}
{"unique_index": 20853, "source_text": "“Freight costs are rising, shipping routes are uncertain, and traders are becoming cautious.” Transportation costs for LPG jumped to USD 275 per ton, compared to the Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission’s calculation of USD 120 per ton. “There was no risk of a shortage until March, considering the LPG already imported by the private sector,” Mostafa Kamal, Chairman of Meghna Group of Industries, stated. “Our concern began in April.” His company was attempting to source LPG from Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia, and China as alternatives to Middle Eastern suppliers. A fiscal time bomb: The cost of crisis Analysts estimated that spot LNG purchases between 2022 and 2024 could cost USD 11 billion. This enormous outlay strained foreign exchange reserves and forced difficult trade-offs across government budgets. “If the disruption drags on, we’ll have to lean more on costly spot LNG, which will add to our import burden and tighten supplies for power and industry,” an energy ministry official told Reuters, speaking anonymously. Each month of elevated prices deepens Bangladesh’s vulnerability.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 137, "end": 140, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "275"}, {"start": 166, "end": 205, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission"}, {"start": 227, "end": 230, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "120"}, {"start": 347, "end": 360, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mostafa Kamal"}, {"start": 362, "end": 370, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chairman"}, {"start": 374, "end": 400, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meghna Group of Industries"}, {"start": 486, "end": 493, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vietnam"}, {"start": 495, "end": 501, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Taiwan"}, {"start": 503, "end": 511, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 517, "end": 522, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 607, "end": 615, "label": "JOB", "value": "Analysts"}, {"start": 658, "end": 662, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 667, "end": 671, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 687, "end": 697, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11 billion"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1009, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reuters"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1043, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Each month"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1081, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20854, "source_text": "Petrobangla requested additional subsidies from the government to cover the gap between international prices and domestic retail rates. The government’s own fiscal position remained tight, with limited room for increased energy subsidies. “There is no fuel shortage at this moment. In fact, we have increased fuel supply compared to last year,” Minister Tuku assured recently. However, in early March, he addressed the issue: “If consumption is controlled, we will be able to run March properly. If committed supplies arrive, the pressure will ease.” Domestic fuel prices remained unchanged for the third consecutive month by absorbing rising import costs through heavy subsidies. BDT 5,000 crore (50 billion, about USD 407.4 million) was spent on subsidies in March alone , adding to the strain on the budget and further widening the gap with international market prices. Diesel is being sold under subsidy at BDT 100 (USD 0.82) per liter, while prices of octane remain at BDT 120 (USD 0.98) per litre, while the market price remains at BDT 180 (USD 1.61) and BDT 150.72 (USD 1.22) respectively.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 333, "end": 342, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 345, "end": 353, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 354, "end": 358, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tuku"}, {"start": 685, "end": 690, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 698, "end": 708, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50 billion"}, {"start": 720, "end": 733, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "407.4 million"}, {"start": 915, "end": 918, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 924, "end": 928, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.82"}, {"start": 978, "end": 981, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "120"}, {"start": 987, "end": 991, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.98"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1045, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "180"}, {"start": 1051, "end": 1055, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.61"}, {"start": 1065, "end": 1071, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "150.72"}, {"start": 1077, "end": 1081, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.22"}]}
{"unique_index": 20872, "source_text": "Listening before helping: Why community involvement is essential for peace in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh\n\nThe article was first published in Peace News . An edited version is published below with permission. The arrival of more than 1 million Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh since 2017 has transformed the social and economic landscape of Cox’s Bazar district. International attention has largely focused on the urgent humanitarian needs of displaced populations living in a few dozen camps . Yet the experience of the surrounding host communities, who share land, resources, and economic spaces with refugees, reveals a need for international organizations to engage more deeply with host and refugee communities in Cox’s Bazar. In places such as Teknaf , a municipality in Cox’s Bazar district in south-eastern Bangladesh, local residents say the pressure on livelihoods and social relations has grown steadily in recent years. UNDP Bangladesh Reports stated that rising living costs, shrinking day labor opportunities, and rumors about unequal aid distribution have contributed to tensions between refugees and host communities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 101, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Listening before helping: Why community involvement is essential for peace in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh"}, {"start": 138, "end": 148, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Peace News"}, {"start": 230, "end": 239, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1 million"}, {"start": 261, "end": 271, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 278, "end": 282, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 336, "end": 347, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 472, "end": 481, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few dozen"}, {"start": 714, "end": 725, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 772, "end": 783, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 810, "end": 820, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 927, "end": 931, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 932, "end": 942, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20873, "source_text": "Read more: Inside Bangladesh’s Rohingya camps where fire continues to shape the existence of refugees Abdur Rahim, who helps coordinate a small network of community volunteers in Teknaf, recalls how these concerns began to intensify during the early years of the Rohingya influx. The in-depth interview was conducted by the author in December 2025. “Rumors spread quickly that refugees were receiving large amounts of assistance while local people were being left behind,” Rahim explained. “At the same time, prices for basic goods went up, and work opportunities became fewer.” Recognizing the growing tensions, Rahim and other volunteers began organizing informal discussions in December 2025 between representatives from refugee and host communities as part of a locally organized voluntary initiative. The meetings, which continue to this day, were not always easy. “At first, the conversations were tense, sometimes confrontational,” he said. “But gradually people began to understand each other’s situation.” Read more: Life inside the Kutupalong Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh Over time, these dialogues helped produce practical compromises, informal arrangements about market access, more open communication between communities, and local channels for resolving disputes before they escalated.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 28, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 102, "end": 113, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abdur Rahim"}, {"start": 324, "end": 330, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 334, "end": 347, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 473, "end": 478, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahim"}, {"start": 613, "end": 618, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahim"}, {"start": 681, "end": 694, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 703, "end": 718, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 838, "end": 846, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this day"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1088, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20874, "source_text": "“Peace is not constructed in workshops,” Rahim said. “It develops through relationships.” Initiatives like these often rely on the support of international aid programs. Donors and development agencies provide funding for youth initiatives, mediation training, civic education programs, and early warning systems designed to identify emerging conflicts. For example, a peacebuilding program implemented by UNICEF and funded by the European Union supported more than 20,500 adolescents and youth from the Rohingya and host communities in Cox’s Bazar through training, dialogue activities, and the establishment of youth social hubs. In addition, youth resilience and social cohesion programs implemented by Save the Children in Cox’s Bazar have included structured youth engagement , training, and community-level interventions designed to strengthen resilience among both refugee and host communities. Without such external support, many local organizations would struggle to sustain their activities. International agencies also bring technical expertise and organizational resources that grassroots groups cannot always mobilize independently. Yet studies on humanitarian governance note that structural imbalances often limit the influence of local actors in decision-making processes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 46, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rahim"}, {"start": 406, "end": 412, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 431, "end": 445, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 466, "end": 472, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,500"}, {"start": 537, "end": 548, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 727, "end": 738, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 867, "end": 871, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 933, "end": 937, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20875, "source_text": "Project frameworks are frequently designed in distant headquarters before meaningful consultation takes place with the communities where programs will be implemented, a challenge highlighted in several studies examining humanitarian governance and local participation. International organizations typically must submit detailed proposals to donors months in advance, including measurable outcomes and strict implementation schedules, reflecting funding structures that emphasize predefined indicators and timelines. In one union of Teknaf Upazila, tensions initially described by residents as religious disagreements were later linked to competition over market access and employment opportunities between host community vendors and refugee traders. In another locality in Cox’s Bazar district, concerns about youth radicalization were later found to be linked primarily to unemployment and limited access to vocational training and decision-making forums, issues widely documented in youth development assessments in the region. “When the conflict analysis is too shallow, the solutions also remain superficial,” said a community organizer in Teknaf who requested anonymity due to the sensitive nature of mediation work. Local organizations often find themselves navigating a difficult balancing act between two forms of accountability.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 194, "end": 201, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 519, "end": 522, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 721, "end": 728, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendors"}, {"start": 773, "end": 784, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 1131, "end": 1140, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizer"}, {"start": 1309, "end": 1312, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20876, "source_text": "Studies on humanitarian accountability note that local organizations must respond to both donor reporting requirements and community expectations for meaningful outcomes. A breakthrough may appear in subtle ways: A softened tone between rival community leaders, a shared meal after years of mistrust, or the quiet reopening of communication between neighbors. Similar outcomes have been documented in community dialogue initiatives implemented in Cox’s Bazar, where local mediation efforts contributed to improved communication between host and refugee communities. “These are small shifts, but they are extremely important,” said Rahima Akter, a youth facilitator in Cox’s Bazar, during an in-person interview conducted in December 2025. “Unfortunately, they are difficult to capture in project reports.” Short funding cycles further complicate the work. Many peacebuilding initiatives operate on grants lasting two or three years, while trust-building processes often require much longer. “Trust in communities takes time,” the facilitator Jaber Ali said. “Sometimes, just when relationships begin to improve, the project funding ends.” When funding concludes, carefully cultivated networks can weaken. Trained mediators may lose the support structures that enabled them to intervene during earlier disputes, even as underlying tensions remain unresolved.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 85, "end": 89, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 243, "end": 260, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leaders"}, {"start": 447, "end": 458, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 668, "end": 679, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 724, "end": 737, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 856, "end": 860, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 913, "end": 916, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 920, "end": 931, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1051, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jaber Ali"}]}
{"unique_index": 20877, "source_text": "International agencies mobilized life-saving assistance rapidly following the Rohingya crisis, delivering shelter, food, and medical services to more than 900,000 Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar. As a result, concerns about rising living costs, pressure on local infrastructure, and competition for jobs were widely reported among host communities in the years following the refugee influx. While international frameworks provide useful tools and guidelines, studies on adaptive peacebuilding caution that strategies successful in other contexts require careful adaptation to local realities. Many local conflicts are deeply entangled with political party rivalries, land governance disputes, and longstanding social hierarchies. These dynamics require responses grounded in local knowledge and relationships. Rather than withdrawal, local peacebuilders are calling for deeper collaboration, including co-designed processes involving community actors before project proposals are finalized and longer-term funding cycles that allow adaptation over time. Reducing reporting requirements for smaller grants has also been recommended in humanitarian reform discussions to allow community organizations to focus primarily on engagement rather than administrative compliance. Projects developed without meaningful local input risk overlooking grievances or reinforcing local inequalities, a concern highlighted in multiple studies examining participatory development practices.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 155, "end": 162, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "900,000"}, {"start": 184, "end": 195, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 594, "end": 598, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20878, "source_text": "By contrast, initiatives rooted in community ownership tend to prove more resilient; for example, studies on localized humanitarian action in Cox’s Bazar have demonstrated that community-led responses foster ownership and sustain communication channels even after formal project periods ended. As Bangladesh continues to navigate economic pressures, political polarization, and the ongoing humanitarian realities surrounding the Rohingya crisis, the importance of inclusive peacebuilding becomes even more apparent. International aid remains indispensable. Yet its effectiveness depends not only on financial resources and technical expertise, but also on humility and genuine partnership. At the end of one community mediation meeting in Teknaf, facilitators closed the session not with a list of performance indicators, but with a series of questions: Whom should we speak with first? Which community elders might help defuse tensions? How can trust be rebuilt, step by step? The answers to these questions rarely appear in official reports. Yet they form the quiet foundation of social cohesion. For local peacebuilders across Bangladesh, the lesson is clear: Lasting peace cannot be delivered from a distance. It must grow within communities themselves, shaped by local realities, and supported by international partners willing to listen before they act.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 142, "end": 153, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 297, "end": 307, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 704, "end": 707, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1140, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 20885, "source_text": "When technology fails women: Online abuse and Nigeria’s digital weak points\n\nAs a Nigerian who has spent years on X (formerly Twitter), I’ve seen a lot. I’ve witnessed trends come and go, policies shift, and communities build and dissolve. For a long time, I considered myself a “ conscious” internet user. I curated my timeline carefully, avoided unnecessary engagement, muted triggering keywords, and accepted the uncomfortable truth that the internet, especially for women, was never designed with our safety in mind. My work at Superbloom (a design non-profit and studio) — particularly on human-centered design projects and the tech policy design lab playbook on online gender-based violence — was my first real exposure to the scale and intensity of violence occurring online. I came to see how these forms of violence persist online: Victims remain scared and vulnerable, while perpetrators are rarely held accountable. A temporary ban is often the extent of the response, and they soon return with a new account and a new victim. Social media, once a place for connection, community-building, and entrepreneurship, has now become a battleground and hostile environment, with women often bearing the brunt of unprovoked abuse .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "When technology fails women: Online abuse and Nigeria’s digital weak points"}, {"start": 114, "end": 115, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 126, "end": 133, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1130, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 20886, "source_text": "Furthermore, according to UN estimates , only 40 percent of countries have legislation protecting women and girls from online abuse, leaving much of the global population exposed . As a user experience (UX) designer, I’ve learned in my role how design decisions, sometimes invisible to users, shape real-world outcomes. Whether it’s a platform’s UX design or unseen aspects like data retention and user privacy, design choices can either protect or expose users. I began to understand that good design is not just intuitive; it protects, it is transparent, and it is accessible. However, I have noticed that most social platforms like X have allowed subtle, passive-aggressive content to proliferate . I have experienced this both personally and as an observer. This is especially the case with Grok, an AI assistant developed by Elon Musk’s xAI and built directly into X. It enables users to generate text and edit images from simple prompts, including transforming photos. Because it is embedded within a highly networked platform, Grok does not operate in isolation: its outputs can be instantly shared, amplified, and weaponized, raising new concerns about how AI-generated content circulates in already unsafe online environments. Before Grok, the internet was already hostile .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 26, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 46, "end": 48, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 207, "end": 215, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}, {"start": 635, "end": 636, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 795, "end": 799, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}, {"start": 830, "end": 839, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elon Musk"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1038, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}, {"start": 1243, "end": 1247, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}]}
{"unique_index": 20887, "source_text": "Women were attacked for their bodies , their religion, their political opinions , their accents, their identities, and more. Being outspoken, visible, or simply existing online as a woman — especially a Black Nigerian woman — often came with consequences. Studies show that while women all over the world often face online abuse, Black women face more online harassment than white women. Harassment became normalized, dogpiling was entertainment, and abuse was framed as “free speech.” These crimes, though they may appear subtle on the surface, often cause immeasurable harm to victims. Globally, research has consistently shown that women experience disproportionately high levels of online harassment, including but not limited to misogynistic abuse, cyberstalking, and coordinated harassment campaigns. Nigerian data suggests these patterns are even more pronounced locally. For example, ActionAid Nigeria reports that about 45 percent of Nigerian women have experienced cyberstalking, while broader studies on online harms indicate women and girls are among the most frequently targeted victims of digital violence. But after the introduction and widespread use of Grok, something shifted. What was once human-driven harassment began to feel systematized.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 902, "end": 909, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 929, "end": 931, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45"}, {"start": 1170, "end": 1174, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}]}
{"unique_index": 20888, "source_text": "Although Grok did not invent online gender-based violence (OGBV), it has become a powerful tool in amplifying it at speed and scale. Structural conditions that can inform AI harm There are structural vulnerabilities embedded in Nigeria’s digital and institutional landscape that not only shape how AI is adopted but also amplify the harms that poorly governed systems can inflict. It is hardly news that our legal system is weak in fulfilling its duties under the rule of law. In Nigeria, the structural conditions shaping digital life do more than define access to technology. They actively shape who gets harmed, how quickly harm spreads, and how difficult it is to seek solutions. When poorly governed systems are introduced into this landscape, existing gender-based vulnerabilities are not only exposed but also magnified. Nigeria’s regulatory environment for AI remains fragmented ; current policies and frameworks addressing digital issues are spread across multiple agencies, creating confusion rather than clarity about who is responsible for which risks and how to enforce safeguards. One solid example of this dynamic is the recent global controversy around Grok.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 13, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}, {"start": 228, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 480, "end": 487, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 828, "end": 835, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1098, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 1169, "end": 1173, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}]}
{"unique_index": 20889, "source_text": "Designed to generate and edit images from simple user prompts, Grok is being rapidly misused to produce millions of non-consensual, sexualized images, including images of women and minors. There have been a series of investigations and reports that documented how users on X openly used Grok’s image-editing features to manipulate photos of women and girls, including transforming ordinary photos into revealing or sexualized versions without consent. Even after platform policy updates, journalists and researchers reported that the tool could still generate sexualized imagery, in some cases, highlighting persistent moderation and enforcement gaps. In a country like mine, where online harms are already pervasive, and platform accountability remains weak, such AI tools are amplifying and accelerating existing patterns of abuse. The 2024 “ State of Online Harms in Nigeria report ” by Gatefield reveals that women were targeted in 58 percent of online abuse cases in the country, with X and Facebook identified as the primary platforms where abuse occurs (34 percent and 29 percent of reported cases, respectively). Yet only 24 percent of Nigerians find X responsive to complaints about online harm.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 67, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}, {"start": 104, "end": 112, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 273, "end": 274, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 287, "end": 291, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}, {"start": 488, "end": 499, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 504, "end": 515, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 838, "end": 842, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 845, "end": 866, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "State of Online Harms"}, {"start": 870, "end": 877, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 936, "end": 938, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "58"}, {"start": 990, "end": 991, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1004, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1063, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1078, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1132, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}]}
{"unique_index": 20890, "source_text": "Recent research and projections also suggest the problem may grow significantly as generative AI tools become more widespread. A new report published by Gatefield in February 2026, “ Industrialized Harm: The Scale of AI-Facilitated Violence in Nigeria ,” estimates 70 million Nigerian women and girls could be exposed to AI-facilitated online abuse annually by 2030, with 30 million directly targeted. This gap between harm and accountability creates fertile ground for AI-enabled abuse to flourish. When platforms fail to enforce policies effectively, generative AI tools lower the barrier to producing and distributing exploitative content, compounding an already severe gendered digital safety crisis. In an environment where women are disproportionately targeted and reporting mechanisms are widely viewed as ineffective, AI does not introduce a new problem. Instead, it magnifies an existing one. Without effective moderation and enforcement on platforms like X, AI tools become accelerants of gender-based harm, lowering the barrier to producing and circulating exploitative content. Under X’s monetization policies , in which viral creators can earn money for clicks and engagement, perpetrators stand a chance to earn money from their actions. This is where algorithms matter. Platforms are not neutral spaces.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 166, "end": 179, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 183, "end": 251, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Industrialized Harm: The Scale of AI-Facilitated Violence in Nigeria"}, {"start": 265, "end": 275, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70 million"}, {"start": 349, "end": 357, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 361, "end": 365, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 372, "end": 382, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30 million"}, {"start": 965, "end": 966, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1147, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}]}
{"unique_index": 20891, "source_text": "Algorithms decide what is surfaced, what trends, and what is rewarded with visibility, potentially at the expense of those most vulnerable. When AI-generated harassment is treated as “engaging content,” it gets amplified, and women, especially women from the Global majority, become collateral damage. How to design against harm instead of reacting to it At Superbloom, through our Tech Policy Design Lab work with Tope Ogundipe of TechSocietal, we developed a Gendered Privacy Evaluation Framework to help answer that question. Grounded in human rights principles and participatory research, the framework offers tech companies a practical way to assess whether their tools — especially AI systems — are reinforcing or reducing gendered harm. It pushes platforms to move beyond surface-level safety features and examine deeper systems: governance commitments, staff training on technology-facilitated gender-based violence, accessible grievance mechanisms, meaningful opt-in consent, data minimization, encryption, and genuine stakeholder engagement with women’s rights groups. AI can scale already existing inequalities. Applying a gendered privacy lens before and after deployment ensures that innovation does not come at the cost of women’s safety. The tools to design more responsibly already exist. The real question is whether platforms are willing to use them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 382, "end": 404, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tech Policy Design Lab"}, {"start": 415, "end": 428, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tope Ogundipe"}, {"start": 432, "end": 444, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TechSocietal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20892, "source_text": "The next global health crisis is already here: Childhood trauma from war\n\nThe brutal reality of wars unfolding in our world, such as the current war in Ukraine , the Iran-Israel-US conflict, or the devastating humanitarian crisis in Gaza, reveals that war is never just fought on battlefields. It is fought on every road, in every schoolyard, and in every home. The latest war news dominates headlines, but behind the scenes, it is ordinary people, civilians, especially children, who suffer most, as seen in cases like that of a 21-month-old child in Gaza who was returned to his family with injuries that doctors said were consistent with torture. Children in war zones suffer lasting emotional, physical, and developmental consequences . While the global community often counts the visible toll, lives lost, schools destroyed, the wounds of trauma, displacement, and broken trust can follow children growing up in war zones for the rest of their lives.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 72, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The next global health crisis is already here: Childhood trauma from war"}, {"start": 152, "end": 159, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 166, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 171, "end": 177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 178, "end": 180, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 607, "end": 614, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}]}
{"unique_index": 20893, "source_text": "Trauma, the number one predictor of lifelong struggles for children in war zones Trauma is one of the most serious challenges facing children living in war zones. While some physical injuries heal or can be managed, the invisible wounds of mental trauma can last a lifetime. Sadly, mental health is often overlooked, especially in violent areas. Understanding and addressing this trauma is key to helping these children heal and rebuild their lives. Increasingly, many experts argue that the psychological trauma caused by war should be recognized and treated as a global public health crisis. One way professionals working with children, such as child protective services, assess the state of a child entering care and how best to provide support is by screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) . These screenings include questions like: “Have you ever not had access to food, water or shelter? Have you lost one or more caregivers to illness, prison or divorce? Have you ever experienced violence from a family member? And did you experience unwanted sexual contact with an adult?”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 464, "end": 468, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 594, "end": 597, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 919, "end": 922, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20894, "source_text": "There are 10 questions in total. These questions are used to discern the level of trauma that a child has experienced and are currently being used by social workers and psychologists in U.S. If a person experiences three or more ACEs, it puts them at a much higher risk for PTSD, depression, anxiety, suicide attempts, drug use, and many different kinds of physical illness, including cancer, high blood pressure and heart failure. A total of one in 10 people in the U.S will have three or more adverse childhood experiences. This is much fewer than the one in six children worldwide who are estimated to be living in active conflict zones, experiencing high levels of multiple ACEs all at once. When such a large portion of the world’s children are exposed to repeated trauma, the psychological impact of war becomes more than a humanitarian concern. It becomes a global health issue that will shape societies for decades. Current statistics of children in violent areas in the world Across the world, children continue to experience the devastating effects of war firsthand.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 12, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 126, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 169, "end": 182, "label": "JOB", "value": "psychologists"}, {"start": 186, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 215, "end": 220, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 333, "end": 337, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 443, "end": 446, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 450, "end": 452, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 481, "end": 486, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 554, "end": 564, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one in six"}]}
{"unique_index": 20895, "source_text": "In Ukraine, thousands of children have been killed or injured , and millions have been displaced since the war began, leaving families struggling to rebuild daily life amid continued uncertainty. In West Asia, the recent war involving Iran has added to an already fragile regional situation. Reports indicate that hundreds of children have been killed or injured during the bombing, with attacks on schools and civilian areas raising serious humanitarian concerns. In Gaza, UNICEF spokesperson James Elder has described the territory as “the most dangerous place in the world to be a child.” Tens of thousands of children have been killed or injured, while hundreds of thousands have been displaced and now face severe humanitarian conditions. In Sudan, millions of children have also been displaced by ongoing conflict, leaving many without reliable access to food, education, healthcare, or safe shelter. For children living through these crises, war is not a distant event that flashes at them through the TV, but rather it surrounds them, dictating every part of their lives. Healing The good news is that children are resilient. There are some factors that buffer the effects of trauma, the most effective being a consistent, present, supportive, calming caregiver.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 12, "end": 21, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 68, "end": 76, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 157, "end": 162, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 199, "end": 208, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Asia"}, {"start": 235, "end": 239, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 314, "end": 322, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 474, "end": 480, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 481, "end": 493, "label": "JOB", "value": "spokesperson"}, {"start": 494, "end": 505, "label": "PERSON", "value": "James Elder"}, {"start": 600, "end": 609, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 657, "end": 665, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 669, "end": 678, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 703, "end": 706, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 747, "end": 752, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 754, "end": 762, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 829, "end": 833, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20896, "source_text": "We, as adults, have an incredible opportunity to reduce and even reverse the effects of the trials and tribulations our young experience. Unfortunately, many children in conflict zones have lost either one or both primary caregivers in their lives, leaving them more susceptible to the effects of ACEs. Resilience in children who have experienced trauma doesn’t always mean returning to normal or “bouncing back.” After compounding ACEs like losing a home, belongings, loved ones, experiencing injuries, and much more, “normal” is hard to define. Many specialists in the field of trauma working with children think it is more realistic for children to experience something called “meaning making, ” where individuals derive meaning from their experiences, how they shape them, and how they can move forward. This process often requires psychological support, stable environments, and community networks that allow children to begin rebuilding their sense of safety and belonging. The collective responsibility to protect childhood Whether we reflect on wars happening today or consider how future conflicts might be prevented, one thing remains clear: children must be protected from the crushing weight of violence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 153, "end": 157, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 202, "end": 213, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one or both"}, {"start": 547, "end": 551, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 552, "end": 563, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialists"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1073, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1130, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20897, "source_text": "A generation that grows up surrounded by war is not necessarily a lost generation. With stability, support and opportunity, those same children can grow into leaders, innovators and advocates for a more peaceful world. But they cannot do it alone. The responsibility of the global community is not only to rebuild infrastructure but also to help children rebuild their sense of safety, stability and hope. This responsibility belongs not only to governments and international institutions but also to educators, humanitarian workers, community leaders and ordinary citizens. Supporting efforts that provide education, psychological care and stable environments for children affected by conflict, advocating for policies that protect civilians, and remaining informed about humanitarian crises are all ways individuals can help ensure that children are not left to carry the burden of war alone. The true cost of conflict is not measured only in destroyed buildings or lost territory. It is measured in the childhoods shaped by violence and in the collective responsibility we share to protect the generations growing up in its shadow.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 534, "end": 551, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leaders"}]}
{"unique_index": 20904, "source_text": "Announcing Global Voices Spotlight!\n\nAs the need for responsible, multi-perspective news coverage grows increasingly urgent, and the situation for media organizations and news providers is made increasingly difficult, Global Voices is responding by leaning into our strengths: our twenty years of building a worldwide community and centering the stories our contributors, translators, researchers, and fellows feel are important. Stellar examples of this include the Climate Justice Fellowship , where we paired independent Sinophone and other global majority country journalists to assess the role of China in mitigating the global climate crisis; collaborative articles like this one on flooding events around the world; and cross-border stories like this one tracing human trafficking across the borders of South Asia and China. To fully leverage our amazing network and enable our readers to explore the full breadth of our cross-border, multilingual work, we are launching a new approach to our mission of amplifying the voices of those underrepresented in the digital sphere: Global Voices Spotlight . In addition to our regular coverage, every month we will be choosing an urgent theme to explore in depth across all our regions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 35, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Announcing Global Voices Spotlight!"}, {"start": 218, "end": 231, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 281, "end": 293, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "twenty years"}, {"start": 372, "end": 383, "label": "JOB", "value": "translators"}, {"start": 385, "end": 396, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 467, "end": 493, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Climate Justice Fellowship"}, {"start": 568, "end": 579, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 602, "end": 607, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 682, "end": 685, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 758, "end": 761, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 810, "end": 820, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 825, "end": 830, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1095, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1145, "end": 1156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every month"}]}
{"unique_index": 20905, "source_text": "This range of perspectives will be grounded in our Global Voices values of human and digital rights — as always. It will also be complemented by collaborative articles, online panels, and analysis of key narratives using our Civic Media Observatory methodology. Cross-cutting essays will highlight the trends, exceptions, and insights that we gain from exploring the vital issues of today with contributors from across the globe, instead of the narrow reporting that focuses on the rich, famous, and available for comment. With these special, thematic issues, we will bring our readers new understanding, raise the profile of important topics, and illuminate connections across regions, borders, and languages. We’re confident that, in every issue, you’ll find more than one angle that you hadn’t considered before. We’re excited to start this process with a collection of articles on how the use of, promotion of, and resistance to AI is playing out for the Global Majority, from the way AI is weaponized in elections and conflicts, to the consequences for low-resource languages, to the impacts on human rights, and much more.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 64, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 225, "end": 248, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Media Observatory"}, {"start": 383, "end": 388, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 771, "end": 774, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 20906, "source_text": "In May, we’ll be looking at climate solutions around the world, from technology to society, and with all the complications and nuance that you expect from Global Voices stories. We’ll be announcing more themes soon, and would love reader feedback on what you would like us to explore. You can see the Spotlight issues on this page , and explore them in detail. We’d also love to do more on each of these topics than we can afford to do with our current funding levels. Listed below, you’ll find opportunities to support specific themes. Contribute to the issues on topics you care about, and help us add more articles, analysis, and multimedia initiatives, for more cross-cutting insights to help you understand the world. Support Global Voices’ Spotlight: Statelessness Support the Global Voices Spotlight: Gender diversity Support the Global Voices Spotlight: Global crisis, local solutions Support our first Global Voices Spotlight Issue: Human Perspectives on AI!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 155, "end": 168, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 301, "end": 310, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 731, "end": 744, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 746, "end": 755, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 783, "end": 796, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 837, "end": 850, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 911, "end": 924, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 20907, "source_text": "Australian creatives push back against ‘AI theft’\n\nArtists, journalists, and Aboriginal cultural workers in Australia have initiated the “Stop AI Theft” campaign to demand stronger protection for their creative output amid the rising use of generative artificial intelligence (generative AI). The Tech Council of Australia reported in August 2025 that 84 percent of Australians in office jobs use AI at work. According to Tech Council research, AI in Australia could create up to AUD 115 billion (over USD 79 billion) in economic value annually and 200,000 jobs by 2030. But the widespread adoption of AI has also raised concerns about its potential harm to society, including significant disruptions to the creative industry. In recent years, artists have argued that AI has been undermining their livelihoods and, in some cases, stealing their work altogether. Many of the most popular generative AI models illegally scraped content from the internet without creators’ permission, which the models then use to generate “new” content. In some cases, the models spit out nearly identical materials to the original copyrighted item.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 49, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Australian creatives push back against ‘AI theft’"}, {"start": 51, "end": 58, "label": "JOB", "value": "Artists"}, {"start": 60, "end": 71, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 108, "end": 117, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 138, "end": 151, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Stop AI Theft"}, {"start": 297, "end": 309, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tech Council"}, {"start": 313, "end": 322, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 335, "end": 346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2025"}, {"start": 352, "end": 354, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "84"}, {"start": 422, "end": 434, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tech Council"}, {"start": 451, "end": 460, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 484, "end": 495, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "115 billion"}, {"start": 506, "end": 516, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "79 billion"}, {"start": 536, "end": 544, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 549, "end": 556, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200,000"}, {"start": 565, "end": 569, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 744, "end": 751, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 961, "end": 969, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}]}
{"unique_index": 20908, "source_text": "A group of voice actors said their work was cloned without their knowledge. Local journalists said their reports were plagiarized and used on AI-generated news websites. A January 2026 report published by the University of Sydney warned that journalists are increasingly being rendered invisible in Generative AI search results. Meanwhile, Indigenous activists say people have used generative AI models to produce and sell fake Indigenous art. Citing the need to counter the detrimental impact of AI, artists and media workers have banded together in launching the “Stop AI Theft” campaign. Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance chief executive Erin Madeley summed up the rationale of the campaign. For the big Silicon Valley tech companies that own these machines, their business model is built on taking others’ work and selling it as their own and what we’ve seen so far is the thin end of the wedge. It is theft, plain and simple – theft of people’s voices, their faces, their music, their stories and art.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 82, "end": 93, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 172, "end": 184, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 209, "end": 229, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Sydney"}, {"start": 242, "end": 253, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 351, "end": 360, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 501, "end": 508, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 566, "end": 579, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Stop AI Theft"}, {"start": 598, "end": 629, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Entertainment and Arts Alliance"}, {"start": 630, "end": 645, "label": "JOB", "value": "chief executive"}, {"start": 646, "end": 658, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Erin Madeley"}, {"start": 712, "end": 726, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silicon Valley"}]}
{"unique_index": 20909, "source_text": "If left unchecked, the increased use of AI tools in the media, arts, and creative industries will lead to mass job losses and the end of intellectual property as we know it. It will also drive the erosion of our news and information to the point where the community cannot tell fact from fiction. Activists launched the campaign with the hashtag #PayUp, to emphasize how big tech companies are profiting off artists’ work while the artists themselves are continually losing business. As authorities seek to boost AI-related investments, they initially considered revamping copyright laws to allow AI to mine and train local online content. This was opposed by local content creators and media institutions. In July 2024, MEAA appeared at the Senate Select Committee hearing on Adopting Artificial Intelligence and raised the following demands to the government. Give users the power to opt-out of having their work used for training AI. Legislate to force companies to compensate creative and media workers for the work that has been used to train AI. Enact rules around transparency forcing companies to publicly disclose what materials they’ve used to train AI.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 297, "end": 306, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activists"}, {"start": 408, "end": 415, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 432, "end": 439, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 666, "end": 682, "label": "JOB", "value": "content creators"}, {"start": 710, "end": 719, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 742, "end": 765, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Senate Select Committee"}]}
{"unique_index": 20910, "source_text": "Aside from lobbying for the enactment of policy measures, the “Stop AI Theft” campaign also encouraged local artists to sign an open letter addressed to Silicon Valley tech companies. Dear CEOs and owners of Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, Open AI and X, We are the enablers of cultural production and dissemination, in all communities and across the generations. Our work is the essential lifeblood of healthy democracies and functional societies. Our output is unique and original, and you are stealing it. We are not going to sit idle while you devalue our work and degrade our society. Our work is not a free input to be fed into your machines. We demand to be paid when our work is used by your company, and we demand compensation for the work you have stolen from us. “We already know that big tech has been profiting from stealing the work of Australia’s creative workers and journalists, and calls to legitimize this theft are incomprehensible,” said Joseph Mitchell, assistant secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Stop AI Theft"}, {"start": 109, "end": 116, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 153, "end": 167, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silicon Valley"}, {"start": 189, "end": 193, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEOs"}, {"start": 208, "end": 214, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazon"}, {"start": 216, "end": 222, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 224, "end": 228, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 230, "end": 239, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 851, "end": 860, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 884, "end": 895, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 987, "end": 996, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1038, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Australian Council of Trade Unions"}]}
{"unique_index": 20911, "source_text": "The “Stop AI Theft” campaign held a dialogue with tech companies in August 2025 about the demand for transparency and remuneration. It celebrated the Federal government’s announcement in October 2025 to maintain copyright laws to protect local artists and creative workers. This commitment was reflected in the National AI Plan unveiled by the government in December 2025. Australia has strong protections in place to address many risks, but the technology is fast-moving and regulation must keep pace. That’s why the government continues to assess the suitability of existing laws in the context of AI. The government has provided certainty to Australian creators and media workers by ruling out a text and data mining exception in Australian copyright law. The latest update in the “Stop AI Theft” campaign acknowledged the success in blocking the push of tech companies to change copyright laws that would have given them free access to Australian creative works to train AI.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Stop AI Theft"}, {"start": 68, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2025"}, {"start": 187, "end": 199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 244, "end": 251, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 311, "end": 327, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National AI Plan"}, {"start": 358, "end": 371, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 373, "end": 382, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 426, "end": 430, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 656, "end": 664, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 785, "end": 798, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Stop AI Theft"}]}
{"unique_index": 20912, "source_text": "Novel ‘Le Sang du Pouvoir’ by Hubert Kolani delves into African power\n\nIn spaces where freedom of expression is under threat, criticism seldom leads to meaningful change. As journalists and essayists face significant risks in addressing the inner workings of power, fiction offers an alternative solution. This is the gamble Hubert Kolani , a trained lawyer and young Togolese author, took with his first novel, “Le Sang du Pouvoir” (The Blood of Power). In this French-language novel, he candidly explores the concerning inner workings of African politics, which he calls “dark politics”: power struggles, human sacrifices, and the murky links between power and spirituality. The author describes his novel as a space of freedom where shameful truths materialize through fictional characters. He explained to Global Voices that “Le Sang du Pouvoir,” the first in a series of novels, tells the story of a strong, complex female figure who rejects the misery all too often associated with African stories. Jean Sovon (JS): Why did you choose a novel to address political power in Africa ?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Novel ‘Le Sang du Pouvoir’ by Hubert Kolani delves into African power"}, {"start": 174, "end": 185, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 325, "end": 338, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hubert Kolani"}, {"start": 351, "end": 357, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 377, "end": 383, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 413, "end": 431, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Le Sang du Pouvoir"}, {"start": 681, "end": 687, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 810, "end": 823, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 830, "end": 848, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Le Sang du Pouvoir"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1015, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jean Sovon"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1085, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20913, "source_text": "Hubert Kolani (HK) : Je pense que le roman reste un excellent moyen de parler de sujets aussi sensibles que le pouvoir politique en Afrique. Il laisse à l’auteur une liberté de parole que l’essai ou le journalisme ne donnent pas. Je peux dire que la fiction est pour beaucoup d’auteurs un bouclier. Elle permet de dire des vérités sans désigner nommément des acteurs et de raconter des réalités que les gens vivent sans oser forcément les formuler. Le romancier est dans ce cadre-là, un peu plus protégé. Le journaliste doit quant à lui toujours se référer à des faits vérifiables. L’essayiste doit prendre clairement position sur son sujet. Le roman fait appel à des personnages imaginaires dont les douleurs, les peurs, les aventures sont pourtant bien réelles. La fiction permet d’aller là où ni le journaliste ni l’essayiste ne peuvent aller, surtout lorsque qu'on essaie de décrire le côté un peu sombre du pouvoir politique en Afrique, sujet alambiqué dont le roman peut plus facilement capter la complexité. Hubert Kolani (HK) : I believe novels are an excellent way to address subjects as sensitive as political power in Africa.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hubert Kolani"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1028, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hubert Kolani"}, {"start": 1129, "end": 1135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20914, "source_text": "They give authors the freedom of expression that essays and journalism don’t. Fiction is a shield for many authors. It helps us tell hard truths without naming names and share people’s lived realities without daring to explicitly state them. On that basis, novelists are slightly more protected. Meanwhile, journalists must always refer to verifiable facts. Essayists must take a clear stance on their subject. Novels use imaginary characters whose suffering, fears, and experiences are very much real. Fiction allows us to go where no journalist or essayist can go, especially when describing the darker side of political power in Africa. Novels can more easily capture the complexity of the matter. JS: Does your novel say things that another format couldn’t? HK : Oui, absolument. Et c’est pour cette raison en particulier que j’ai choisi de devenir romancier. Parler de sujets politiques sous certains cieux c’est se dessiner une cible dans le dos. Dans nos sociétés africaines, la parole publique est souvent surveillée, canalisée. Un journaliste qui enquête sur les arcanes du pouvoir prend des risques, un essayiste qui parle de ce genre de sujets peut se voir censurer.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 17, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 102, "end": 106, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 107, "end": 114, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 257, "end": 266, "label": "JOB", "value": "novelists"}, {"start": 307, "end": 318, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 536, "end": 546, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 632, "end": 638, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20915, "source_text": "Le roman reste une histoire qui peut être lue et discutée sans que personne ne soit directement mis en cause. Ce que la parole contrainte a empêché de dire hier, la fiction peut le dire aujourd’hui. HK : Yes, absolutely. This is the very reason I became a novelist. Addressing political matters puts a target on your back in some places. In our African societies, public discourse is often monitored and controlled. Journalists take risks investigating the inner workings of power, and essayists may be censored when addressing these matters. A novel remains a story people can read and discuss without any direct implications. What controlled dialogue prevented us from saying yesterday, fiction can say today. JS: What themes does your novel cover? HK : Au-delà, des intrigues politiques, des amitiés brisées et des choix déchirants, vous trouverez dans ce roman la résilience féminine. C'est un clin d’œil à la femme africaine, forte et déterminée capable de surmonter les pires épreuves pour sauver sa vie et celle de sa famille. Je parle aussi du mysticisme dans sa forme la plus noire et la plus horrible.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 256, "end": 264, "label": "JOB", "value": "novelist"}, {"start": 416, "end": 427, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalists"}, {"start": 678, "end": 687, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "yesterday"}, {"start": 705, "end": 710, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 20916, "source_text": "Il s’agit d’une réalité vécue, et très souvent tue, et loin d'un folklore pittoresque. Dans la politique africaine le pouvoir ne se donne pas, il s’arrache. J'ai abordé également l’amour, un puissant amour maternel et un fort amour charnel. Que serions-nous dans ce monde de brutes sans un peu d’amour ? HK: Aside from political intrigue, broken friendships, and tough choices, you will find womens’ resilience in this novel. It’s a tribute to the strong, determined African women who can overcome the toughest hardships to save their lives and those of their families. I also address mysticism in its darkest, most horrific form. It’s a lived reality, often kept quiet, that’s a far cry from quaint folklore. In African politics, power isn’t granted; it’s seized. I also dealt with love: powerful maternal love and strong carnal love. What would be in this cruel world without a little love? JS: Does your generation see political power differently from the last? HK : Ma génération s’intéresse déjà bien plus au sujet politique et le conçoit dans une approche bien différente de la génération passée.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20917, "source_text": "La génération de nos pères a longtemps pensé la politique comme une affaire de fidélité communautaire. Ils ont grandi dans un système où la parole critique se faisait rare et où le silence était une forme de protection. Notre génération, grâce à l’avènement d’internet et des réseaux sociaux voit ce qui se passe ailleurs, compare et questionne et n’est plus dans l’acceptation silencieuse. Dans ce roman, je définis la politique de deux manières: concrètement en terme d’organisation de la société et de recherche de l’intérêt commun, et de façon plus abstraite, en y décrivant les luttes d’influence, les douleurs, les sacrifices, les peurs, et les liens que la politique a avec la spiritualité en Afrique. En un mot: la Dark-politique: ce sujet est souvent évoqué tel des murmures dans des vases clos, j’ai voulu à travers cette œuvre , m’en faire l’écho. HK : My generation is much more interested in politics and approaches it differently from the last generation. Our fathers’ generation has long considered politics a matter of community loyalty. They grew up in a system where criticism was rare, and silence was a form of protection.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20918, "source_text": "Our generation, through the rise of the internet and social media, sees what’s happening elsewhere, compares and questions it, and no longer silently accepts it. In this novel, I describe politics in two ways. Concretely, in terms of the organization of society and the common good, and more abstractly, in describing the power struggles, suffering, sacrifices, fears, and the links between politics and spirituality in Africa. In a nutshell, dark politics. I wanted to share this issue, often whispered behind closed doors, through this novel. JS: What picture did you paint of Africa ? HK: Beaucoup font l’erreur de ne décrire à propos de l’Afrique que du misérabilisme, des crises, du sous-développement, de la pauvreté, du pessimisme, de la noirceur. Ces maux, certes, minent le quotidien de la plupart des Africains, mais notre génération rêve d’une Afrique nouvelle, riche et prospère. Une Afrique dans laquelle chaque Africain pourra vivre ses rêves – un rêve qui ne soit pas une vie en Occident, fusse-t-elle médiocre. J'évite donc de décrire cette Afrique pauvre et enrhumée de douleur. Je reste convaincu que l’Afrique est un continent de vie.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 200, "end": 203, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 420, "end": 426, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 579, "end": 585, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20919, "source_text": "C’est pour cela qu’à travers cette œuvre, vous découvrirez des personnages qui rient, qui aiment, qui doutent, qui rêvent. Vous y trouverez des familles, des amitiés, de la complicité, de l’amour. La dame de fer qui donne son titre à ce premier tome n’est pas seulement une figure de force et de détermination, c’est une femme avec ses fragilités, ses blessures, ses contradictions. A travers elle, je montre également que le pouvoir ne transforme pas forcément en monstres ceux qui le détiennent comme beaucoup le pensent, mais plutôt que le pouvoir fait naître en certains de ceux qui l’exercent, de nouvelles personnes perverties par des systèmes. J’ai toujours voulu être cet écrivain qui cherche à comprendre avant de juger, qui veut montrer la complexité avant de condamner. HK : Many make the mistake of only discussing the misery, crises, underdevelopment, poverty, pessimism, and bleakness within Africa. Although these problems undoubtedly hinder the daily lives of most Africans, our generation dreams of a new, wealthy, prosperous Africa. An Africa where all Africans can live their dreams, a dream that is not of a life in the West, however mediocre it may be.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 786, "end": 790, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 906, "end": 912, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 961, "end": 966, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1049, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1060, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 20920, "source_text": "Therefore, I avoided talking about this poor Africa, full of suffering. As I continue to believe Africa is a continent with life, you will find characters in this novel who laugh, love, doubt, and dream. You will find families, friendships, bonds, and love. ‘The Iron Lady,’ who gave this first volume its title, isn’t only a figure of strength and determination, but a woman with fragilities, scars, and problems. Through her, I also show how power doesn’t necessarily turn those holding it into monsters, as many think. Instead, it creates a new individual corrupted by the system in some cases. I have always wanted to be the author who seeks to understand before judging, showing the complexity before condemning. JS: Does your novel aim to change readers? HK : Si ce roman a vocation à changer une chose dans l’esprit des lecteurs, c’est tout d’abord leur mentalité ; notre façon à nous tous de concevoir la politique. L'ouvrage n’a pas vocation à donner de leçon mais de transformer notre société pour la rendre plus juste, plus libre, plus fraternelle.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 97, "end": 103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 510, "end": 514, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 629, "end": 635, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}]}
{"unique_index": 20921, "source_text": "La Dark-politique est un univers de violence, de massacres, de tueries, de peines et de douleurs mais en même temps, le lecteur y trouve les aspirations enfouies d’un homme profondément amoureux de l’Afrique. Ce livre espère toucher les cœurs pour que tous ensemble nous essayons de redonner un peu d’humanité au paysage politique en général et africain en particulier. La politique doit rester un débat d’idées dans la construction du destin collectif. Il s'agit donc d’un livre qui décrit la réalité crue du pouvoir, le côté sombre de la politique africaine, dans un univers romanesque enivrant et haletant. Une merveilleuse histoire qui tient en haleine de la première à la dernière page. Le roman invite à la réflexion, au débat et peut-être à une forme de guérison par la parole. Quelqu’un m’a dit un jour que “le pouvoir se paie toujours d’un prix”, “Qu’on ne fait pas de la politique pour aller au paradis”: que chacun y comprenne ce qu’il peut. Pour moi, Le sang du pouvoir reste simplement une histoire, et à chacun d’y trouver sa propre vérité. HK: If this novel aims to change anything in readers’ minds, it’s their way of thinking; our way of looking at politics.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20922, "source_text": "The book doesn’t aim to lecture, but to transform our society, making it fairer, freer, and more fraternal. Dark politics is a world of violence, massacres, killings, sorrow, and hardship, but at the same time, readers discover the hidden ambitions of a man deeply in love with Africa. This book aims to touch hearts so we can try to restore some humanity in the overall political landscape, and Africa in particular. Politics should remain an exchange of ideas to build a collective future. This book, therefore, describes the harsh reality of power, the dark side of African politics, in an exhilarating and breathtaking novelistic world. A wonderful story that keeps us hooked from the first page until the last. The novel encourages reflection, discussion, and perhaps a form of healing through words. Someone once told me that ‘power always comes at a price’ and ‘we don’t go into politics to get to heaven.’ Let everyone make of that what they will. For me, ‘Le Sang du Pouvoir’ is just a story, and it’s up to everyone to find their own truth in it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 278, "end": 284, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 396, "end": 402, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 965, "end": 983, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Le Sang du Pouvoir"}]}
{"unique_index": 20923, "source_text": "Inside China’s hidden eating disorder communities\n\nOn Chinese social media platforms, eating disorders are no longer only discussed as health conditions — they are increasingly reframed as disciplined lifestyles, aesthetic goals, and even sources of belonging. I first encountered these communities almost by accident. Having grown up in an environment where body weight was constantly monitored and discussed, I was already familiar with the pressure surrounding thinness. In recent years, public discourse in China has further amplified concerns about weight and fitness. As a frequent user of Xiaohongshu (a Chinese social media platform similar to TikTok), where conversations about body image are highly visible, I became curious about how far these discussions extended. One day, I searched for the term “ED,” which stands for eating disorder. What appeared was not health information, but an entry point into a hidden ecosystem — one that reframed illness as aspiration. A search on coded keywords, such as “ED woman” (ED 女), “CT” (Cui Tu or induced vomiting), leads users to semi-hidden networks where extreme thinness is normalized and even celebrated. Within this corner of the internet, members share daily routines, track calorie intake, and exchange strategies for suppressing hunger, often framed as self-improvement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 49, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Inside China’s hidden eating disorder communities"}, {"start": 511, "end": 516, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 652, "end": 658, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 777, "end": 784, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "One day"}, {"start": 1212, "end": 1217, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 20924, "source_text": "The population of Chinese teenagers suffering from eating disorders has almost doubled in the past three decades, according to a trend study based on national data. More recent research shows that more than 21 percent of Chinese teenagers showed signs of eating disorders, and more than 11 percent suffered from symptoms that carry clinical significance. The study also shows that the female population aged 15 to 19 from lower-income families and poor regions faces the highest risk. Researchers find that the interplay among pubertal development, increased social media exposure, and heightened body image concerns has contributed to the upward trend. One widely circulated post describes a weekly eating routine from a user identifying herself as “160 cm/33 kg,” listing meals such as a single egg, small portions of rice, or low-calorie substitutes. Another post, entitled “160/29 kg daily intake,” documents a day’s intake that amounts to little more than a cucumber and minimal calories, presented not as alarming but as an aspirational routine. A defining feature of these communities is the ritual of daily “check-ins.” Users document their weight, caloric intake, and perceived success or failure in maintaining restrictive eating habits.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 94, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past three decades"}, {"start": 207, "end": 209, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21"}, {"start": 287, "end": 289, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 408, "end": 416, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 to 19"}, {"start": 485, "end": 496, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 654, "end": 657, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 693, "end": 699, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weekly"}, {"start": 751, "end": 754, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "160"}, {"start": 888, "end": 893, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1114, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 20925, "source_text": "Typical posts read like personal logs: “Day 12: 500 kcal, no carbs, stayed strong,” or “Failed today, ate too much, starting over tomorrow.” These updates are not isolated expressions but part of a collective rhythm, where repetition reinforces commitment. Comment sections function as spaces of mutual reinforcement. Users encourage one another to persist, with comments such as: 宝宝好美，感觉再瘦20斤会更漂亮 Baby, you are so beautiful, and would look even better if another 20 pounds were lost. 瘦成这样了腰还这么粗 She is already so skinny, yet her waist is still so thick. These comments praise extreme restriction as evidence of willpower. Rather than being framed as harmful, these practices are aestheticized — presented as part of a desirable lifestyle associated with discipline, beauty, and control. In this context, suffering is not only normalized but reinterpreted as positive. To evade content moderation and censorship, participants rely on a constantly evolving coded language. For example, users may refer to purging with emojis such as 🐰 (tù, meaning rabbit as well as vomiting) or use abbreviations like “ct” and “jc” (jieshi, meaning dietary restriction), creating a shared vocabulary that is difficult for outsiders to interpret.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 44, "end": 46, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 48, "end": 51, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 95, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 130, "end": 138, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "tomorrow"}, {"start": 334, "end": 337, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 464, "end": 466, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}]}
{"unique_index": 20926, "source_text": "Over time, these evolving codes form subcultural systems that remain legible primarily to insiders. Visual culture plays a central role in sustaining these communities. Images of extremely thin bodies — visible collarbones, fragile arms, protruding ribs, narrow waists — are circulated as aspirational references. Trends such as the “A4 waist challenge,” which emerged in 2016 and promoted an ideal waistline no wider than a sheet of A4 paper, reflect a longer history of thinness as a beauty standard. In curated posts, food itself is also aestheticized: a small, neatly plated portion becomes a symbol of restraint, transforming scarcity into visual desirability. At the same time, many participants explicitly articulate the psychological grip of these practices. In one post, a user writes that she knows her weight has reached a dangerous level, yet still feels unable to stop: she describes standing on a scale each morning, unable to accept even minor increases, despite rationally understanding that the numbers “mean nothing.” She concludes that weight is the only thing she feels she can control.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 372, "end": 376, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 684, "end": 688, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 770, "end": 773, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 917, "end": 929, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each morning"}]}
{"unique_index": 20927, "source_text": "Such reflections reveal a tension between awareness and compulsion, where individuals recognize harm yet remain embedded in systems that reward it. Particularly concerning is the presence of younger users in the ED networks, where they shared their strategies to conceal school and parental monitoring of their food intake and weight loss, such as using induced vomiting after family meals. In these exchanges, harmful behaviors are collectively celebrated and maintained. Such trends have also alerted online Chinese media outlets. An article published on the WeChat account Her Magazine describes how eating disorders — including anorexia and bulimia — form an “ED subculture” among young women online in China: 这些女孩仿佛将减肥当成了运动员挑战极限记录一般，每天都在跟体重秤上的数字较劲，多一斤焦虑不安，少一斤成就感满满。[…] 为追求“网红身材”，ED这种心理疾病便成为了女孩们的“救命良药”，无数女孩开始追求ED，并成为ED妹。 与许多心理疾病一样，ED一旦患上，便会深深陷入其中且难以自拔。同时，它还自带“圈层文化”。[…] 这个所谓的圈子，其实是一座囚笼。这类圈子往往会切断人与真实世界的联系，只与“同类”抱团取暖。因此，在她们看来，脱离圈子，便意味着失去身份认同，失去那点仅存的“被理解”的感觉。 These girls seem to treat weight loss as if they were athletes attempting to break world records, constantly battling the numbers on the scale every day — an extra pound brings anxiety, while a pound lost fills them with a sense of accomplishment. […] In the pursuit of the ‘Social media-celebrity body,’ eating disorders hasve become a ‘lifesaving remedy’ for these girls, leading countless young women to embrace EDs and become part of the ‘ED community.’", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 561, "end": 567, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WeChat"}, {"start": 707, "end": 712, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1025, "label": "JOB", "value": "athletes"}, {"start": 1106, "end": 1115, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}]}
{"unique_index": 20928, "source_text": "Like many mental illnesses, once someone develops an ED, they become deeply entrenched in it and find it difficult to break free. At the same time, it comes with its own ‘subculture circle.’ […] This social ‘circle’ is, in reality, a prison. Such circles often sever one’s connection to the real world, leaving individuals to seek solace only among “like-minded” peers, and leaving the circle means losing their sense of identity and that last shred of feeling “understood.” While Chinese platforms actively moderate certain types of content, eating disorder-related material continues to circulate through coded and community-driven channels. This reveals the limits of keyword-based moderation systems, particularly when users rapidly adapt their language and practices to avoid moderation. Similar dynamics can be observed globally. On platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, users also employ coded hashtags and visual cues to share harmful content while avoiding detection.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 9, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 857, "end": 866, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 871, "end": 877, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}]}
{"unique_index": 20929, "source_text": "TikTok became a hotbed of ED promotion through its “SkinnyTok” subcommunity, which idealized the notion of thinness at all costs, until the hashtag and prominent SkinnyTok influencers were banned in June 2025 , though the unhealthy content persists. The Chinese case highlights how such communities evolve within a more tightly regulated digital environment, demonstrating both constraint and adaptation. My initial search was driven by curiosity, but what it revealed was a system that quietly reshapes how young users understand self-control, beauty, and harm. As long as thinness remains a powerful cultural ideal, such coded networks are likely to persist. Addressing this issue requires more than content removal. It demands a deeper understanding of how digital communities shape norms around the body, discipline, and belonging, as well as positive measures to empower teenagers who want greater autonomy and to take control of their lives by providing them with more opportunities at schools, within their families, and in society.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 172, "end": 183, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 199, "end": 208, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 373, "end": 377, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20939, "source_text": "Indonesia and the politics of platform governance\n\nIndonesia’s Minister of Communication and Digital Affairs, Meutya Hafid, along with several officials from government agencies, conducted an inspection of the technology company Meta’s office in South Jakarta in early March. The inspection aimed to compel the company to comply with Indonesian law. Meutya said: Sore ini kita melakukan giat sidak di kantor Meta. Ini adalah tindak lanjut Pasal 40 Undang-Undang ITE yang menyatakan pemerintah bertugas melindungi keselamatan dan kepentingan umum dari berbagai gangguan akibat misinformasi dan disinformasi. This afternoon, we conducted an inspection at Meta’s office. This is a follow-up to Article 40 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), which states that the government has the duty to protect public safety and the public interest from disruptions caused by misinformation and disinformation. She explained that the inspection was conducted because Meta was considered not fully compliant with regulations in Indonesia, particularly regarding the spread of disinformation. During the inspection, the minister also asked Meta to be transparent about its algorithms and content moderation practices.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 49, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Indonesia and the politics of platform governance"}, {"start": 51, "end": 60, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 63, "end": 71, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 135, "end": 142, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 229, "end": 233, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 350, "end": 356, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Meutya"}, {"start": 408, "end": 412, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 445, "end": 447, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 607, "end": 621, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This afternoon"}, {"start": 653, "end": 657, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 709, "end": 752, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Electronic Information and Transactions Law"}, {"start": 976, "end": 980, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1045, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1135, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 1147, "end": 1151, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}]}
{"unique_index": 20940, "source_text": "The inspection reflects the Indonesian government’s latest attempt to assert greater control over global digital platforms. Yet experiences in many countries show that the relationship between governments and digital platforms is never entirely one-directional. In Southeast Asia, efforts by states to “tame” platforms often turn into negotiations of power between governments, global technology companies, and broader geopolitical pressures. In Indonesia, debates around disinformation and content moderation rarely move beyond ambiguous phrases such as “ attacking honor ,” “ violating propriety ,” or “ disturbing the public .” But whose honor is being attacked? What social values are being violated? And what kind of content is considered disturbing to the public? Is content criticizing the rape cases during the May 1998 riots , or criticism of nickel mining in Raja Ampat, considered “disturbing the public”? In June 2025, several public accounts on platform X received official notifications stating that their posts were “violating the law” according to the Indonesian government. These posts contained criticism of the government.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 143, "end": 147, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 265, "end": 279, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 446, "end": 455, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 819, "end": 827, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 1998"}, {"start": 920, "end": 929, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 931, "end": 938, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 967, "end": 968, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}]}
{"unique_index": 20941, "source_text": "Watchdogs argue that the government, through the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs (Komdigi), requested that X take down critical posts from accounts such as @neohistoria_id and @perupadata. “Regulating platforms is not a problem, but the rules must be clear. Harmful content for whom?” said Masgustian from the Center for Digital Society (CFDS) at Universitas Gadjah Mada. He argues that platforms are generally willing to cooperate with governments on content moderation. However, the main issue lies in the lack of clarity in regulatory definitions. In ongoing research conducted by CFDS, discussions with government representatives show that even within government institutions, there are different definitions of terms such as “terrorism” or “harmful content.” For example, there is still no shared understanding between the definitions used by Komdigi and the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN). According to Masgustian, this lack of clarity may create new problems in the implementation of content moderation. Government efforts to regulate platforms Government efforts to regulate platforms have intensified since technology companies were required to register as Electronic System Operators (PSE) in 2020.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 94, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs"}, {"start": 324, "end": 350, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Center for Digital Society"}, {"start": 352, "end": 356, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CFDS"}, {"start": 632, "end": 647, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 878, "end": 910, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Cyber and Crypto Agency"}, {"start": 912, "end": 916, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BSSN"}, {"start": 1226, "end": 1230, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}]}
{"unique_index": 20942, "source_text": "PSEs that fail to register may face administrative sanctions ranging from warnings and fines to access blocking by internet service providers (ISPs). According to the government , the policy aims to prevent the spread of harmful content and ensure personal data protection. Within this regulatory framework, the government has greater room to influence platform policies. For example, TikTok temporarily suspended its “ live ” feature during a national demonstration in September 2025. TikTok stated that the suspension was voluntary after being summoned by Komdigi, while the government denied issuing any direct order. Komdigi also operates a system called SAMAN . This system allows the ministry to compel social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, X, TikTok, and YouTube to remove content within 4–24 hours based on government orders. If platforms fail to comply, they may be issued fines of up to Indonesian Rupiah 500 million (over USD 29,000) per piece of content, or be blocked altogether.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 385, "end": 391, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 470, "end": 484, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2025"}, {"start": 486, "end": 492, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 659, "end": 664, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "SAMAN"}, {"start": 740, "end": 748, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 750, "end": 759, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 764, "end": 770, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 776, "end": 783, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 809, "end": 810, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}, {"start": 811, "end": 819, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 hours"}, {"start": 929, "end": 940, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500 million"}, {"start": 951, "end": 957, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20943, "source_text": "According to Alia Yofira, a researcher at Purplecode who focuses on technology and human rights, platforms must not only comply with takedown requests but also fulfill mandatory registration requirements. If they fail to comply, they risk being blocked. “The consequence was faced by Wikimedia , their system was blocked because they refused to register,” Alia explained in an interview with Global Voices. “Blocking websites, however, can also be considered a human rights violation because it disrupts public access to information and administrative services.” Alia further explained that the concern is not only about website blocking but also about access to personal data. She described how Komdigi held private meetings with digital platforms following large-scale demonstrations in August 2025 . After those meetings, platforms disabled the “live” feature, particularly on TikTok and Instagram , although Instagram limited the restriction to users with fewer followers. “During protests, demonstrators not only documented police brutality, but also shared information about routes in and out of protest locations, closed roads, and access to first aid,” Alia said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 24, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alia Yofira"}, {"start": 28, "end": 38, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 356, "end": 360, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alia"}, {"start": 392, "end": 405, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 563, "end": 567, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alia"}, {"start": 789, "end": 800, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2025"}, {"start": 880, "end": 886, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 891, "end": 900, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 912, "end": 921, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 1161, "end": 1165, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20944, "source_text": "“But at that time, Komdigi instead asked platforms to provide data on users who were livestreaming if those users monetized their livestreams.” According to Alia, this suggests that the government’s intervention is not only about regulating disturbing content but may also limit public access to information. From media control to platform governance Government attempts to regulate digital platforms are not entirely new. As people increasingly access information through social media platforms, the state appears to be shifting its mechanisms of control toward these platforms. Previously, such control was directed primarily at traditional media. This had been the case since before the Reformasi period (1998), when the media in Indonesia was tightly regulated and controlled by the state, reflecting an authoritarian media system rather than a free public sphere. Under the Suharto regime , press freedom was constrained through political licensing, bureaucratic oversight, and administrative pressure that limited journalistic autonomy and critical reporting. Scholars note that media licensing and permit systems restricted dissent and empowered the state to sanction outlets that challenged official narratives.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 157, "end": 161, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alia"}, {"start": 708, "end": 712, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1998"}, {"start": 733, "end": 742, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}]}
{"unique_index": 20945, "source_text": "Regulatory bodies such as the Press Council operated under the Department of Information, reinforcing government influence rather than protecting autonomy. However, the dynamics of government control over the media changed over time, particularly as media ownership became increasingly dominated by conglomerates whose political interests shaped media coverage. Work by researcher Merlyna Lim maps the relationship between media and politics after Reformasi. Her report , The League of Thirteen, documents how a relatively small number of conglomerates, thirteen key media groups, dominate the media landscape across television, print, radio, and online outlets. within Indonesia. Her work shows how this concentration extends economic and political power into the hands of a few powerbrokers. Media power became particularly visible during the 2014 presidential election. Tapsell describes these media owners as part of a “ media oligarchy ” that embedded their influence during electoral cycles. For example, Metro TV, owned by Surya Paloh, chairman of the NasDem Party, gave extensive and favorable coverage to then-presidential candidate Joko Widodo (Jokowi, President 2014–2024) during the 2014 presidential election. The station was widely perceived as supportive of Jokowi.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 30, "end": 43, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Press Council"}, {"start": 63, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department of Information"}, {"start": 370, "end": 380, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 381, "end": 392, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Merlyna Lim"}, {"start": 476, "end": 494, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "League of Thirteen"}, {"start": 554, "end": 562, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thirteen"}, {"start": 670, "end": 679, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 776, "end": 779, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 845, "end": 849, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1019, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Metro TV"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1041, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Surya Paloh"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1051, "label": "JOB", "value": "chairman"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1071, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NasDem Party"}, {"start": 1163, "end": 1172, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 1173, "end": 1177, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 1178, "end": 1182, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1195, "end": 1199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}]}
{"unique_index": 20946, "source_text": "Meanwhile, TVOne, owned by Aburizal Bakrie, former chairman of the Golkar Party, was more sympathetic to Prabowo during the same contest. Government-platform relations in Southeast Asia Similar tensions between governments and digital platforms can also be observed across Southeast Asia, a region characterized by fragile electoral democracies, hybrid regimes, and long histories of state repression, violence, and impunity. In this context, the relationship between governments and digital platforms is not always one-directional. Two cases that illustrate these dynamics are Cambodia and Myanmar. In Cambodia in 2023, Prime Minister Hun Sen had a dispute with Meta. The case began when Hun Sen livestreamed on Facebook for more than an hour. During the speech, he threatened political opponents and said they could choose between “the legal system or a baton.” He also mentioned the possibility of sending “gangsters” to the homes of political opponents. The video was reported by many users because it contained threats of violence and intimidation ahead of the election. Initially, Meta did not remove the video because it was considered newsworthy .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 59, "label": "JOB", "value": "chairman"}, {"start": 67, "end": 79, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Golkar Party"}, {"start": 171, "end": 185, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 273, "end": 287, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 533, "end": 536, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 578, "end": 586, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 591, "end": 598, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 603, "end": 611, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 615, "end": 619, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 621, "end": 635, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 636, "end": 643, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hun Sen"}, {"start": 663, "end": 667, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 689, "end": 696, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hun Sen"}, {"start": 713, "end": 721, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 984, "end": 988, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1091, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}]}
{"unique_index": 20947, "source_text": "However, the decision drew criticism from human rights activists and democracy researchers. The case was later reviewed by the Meta Oversight Board, an independent body that evaluates the company’s moderation decisions. In June 2023, the board ruled that the video violated Meta’s violence policies and recommended that Meta remove the video and suspend Hun Sen’s account for six months. The Cambodian government reacted strongly. Hun Sen deleted his Facebook account and moved to Telegram and TikTok. The government also banned Oversight Board members from entering Cambodia and accused Meta of interfering in domestic affairs. In the end, Meta removed the video but did not suspend Hun Sen’s account as recommended by the Oversight Board. Many analysts believe Meta sought to avoid escalating conflict with the Cambodian government. Facebook remains highly dominant in the country, while the government also retains the ability to restrict access to the platform. In such circumstances, both sides ultimately depend on one another. A different dynamic can be seen in the violence against the Rohingya in Myanmar, often considered one of the largest moderation failures in Meta’s history.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 42, "end": 64, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activists"}, {"start": 79, "end": 90, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 127, "end": 147, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta Oversight Board"}, {"start": 223, "end": 232, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2023"}, {"start": 274, "end": 278, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 320, "end": 324, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 354, "end": 361, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hun Sen"}, {"start": 376, "end": 386, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}, {"start": 431, "end": 438, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hun Sen"}, {"start": 451, "end": 459, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 481, "end": 489, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 494, "end": 500, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 529, "end": 544, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Oversight Board"}, {"start": 567, "end": 575, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cambodia"}, {"start": 588, "end": 592, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 641, "end": 645, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 684, "end": 691, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hun Sen"}, {"start": 724, "end": 739, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Oversight Board"}, {"start": 741, "end": 745, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 746, "end": 754, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 763, "end": 767, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 835, "end": 843, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 989, "end": 993, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1024, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1106, "end": 1113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 1174, "end": 1178, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}]}
{"unique_index": 20948, "source_text": "According to a 2018 report by the United Nations Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar, the Myanmar military and nationalist groups used Facebook to spread anti-Rohingya propaganda, misinformation about Muslims, and hate speech that incited violence. The report concluded that Facebook played a “significant role” in spreading hatred in Myanmar. One of the main issues was the lack of Burmese-language moderation, combined with algorithms that tend to promote emotionally provocative content. Following international criticism, Meta acknowledged that it had responded too slowly. In 2021, Rohingya communities filed lawsuits against Meta in the United States and the United Kingdom seeking damages of up to USD 150 billion . The lawsuits argue that Facebook’s algorithms amplified hate speech that contributed to violence against the Rohingya. However, these cases face major legal barriers under U.S. law, particularly Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which provides internet platforms with legal immunity for content posted by users. To date, no court has ordered Meta to pay any damages for its moderation failures.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 34, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Independent International Fact-Finding Mission"}, {"start": 99, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 112, "end": 119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 157, "end": 165, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 297, "end": 305, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 357, "end": 364, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 548, "end": 552, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 603, "end": 607, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 653, "end": 657, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 665, "end": 678, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 687, "end": 701, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 731, "end": 742, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "150 billion"}, {"start": 769, "end": 777, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 917, "end": 921, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 959, "end": 985, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Communications Decency Act"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1104, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}]}
{"unique_index": 20949, "source_text": "Nevertheless, legal pressure, reputational risks, and regulatory scrutiny pushed Meta to introduce reforms, including hiring more local-language moderators, dismantling Myanmar military propaganda networks, and banning Myanmar military accounts from Facebook and Instagram. These cases show that platform decisions are often shaped by three main pressures: legal risk, regulatory risk, and reputational risk. For platforms, the decision to comply with local regulations is often determined by the balance of costs and benefits. Can the Indonesian government truly tame digital platforms? Answering this question involves more than examining domestic policy tools such as those historically used to control media before Reformasi. Unlike traditional media, which operate within national jurisdictions, digital platforms are global infrastructures that operate across borders. As a result, attempts by governments to regulate or “tame” platforms are rarely purely coercive. Instead, they often become negotiations between state authority, the interests of global technology companies, and broader geopolitical dynamics within global internet governance. The relationship between governments and digital platforms is therefore never simple. Governments can introduce regulations, summon platforms, or even threaten to block access. Yet digital platforms also possess enormous power through the technologies, algorithms, and global information infrastructure they control.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 81, "end": 85, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 169, "end": 176, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 219, "end": 226, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Myanmar"}, {"start": 250, "end": 258, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 263, "end": 272, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 335, "end": 340, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 20950, "source_text": "When dry season never ends\n\nWater scarcity is not typically what comes to mind when picturing a tropical, coastal country such as Costa Rica. Yet Guanacaste, the country’s northwestern province named after the national tree, is its driest region. Adored for its black-sand beaches and arid tropical landscapes, the region could easily be mistaken for part of the Canary Islands. Costa Rica’s environmental record provides significant grounds for celebration. More than 25 percent of its territory is protected through national parks and reserves, and it has set ambitious goals to achieve 100 percent renewable electricity , supported by a long-standing public energy model. A closer inspection, however, tells a different story. Guanacaste is a tropical dry forest region where temperatures can reach up to 35 degrees Celsius during the dry season, which generally lasts from December to April. In the past, much of the region was converted into pastures for cattle ranching, leading to widespread deforestation through clearing and the use of fire to maintain grazing land.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "When dry season never ends"}, {"start": 130, "end": 140, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Costa Rica"}, {"start": 363, "end": 377, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canary Islands"}, {"start": 379, "end": 389, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Costa Rica"}, {"start": 469, "end": 471, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 589, "end": 592, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 808, "end": 810, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35"}]}
{"unique_index": 20951, "source_text": "As a result, tropical dry forests have become one of the most threatened ecosystems in the tropics. Historical marginalisation has also meant relatively limited state presence and weaker planning institutions in the region, which can make environmental regulations and zoning restrictions difficult to enforce. While forest cover has been repaired in recent decades, new pressures are always on the horizon. Real estate investors and foreign buyers now seek coastal land for speculation and second homes. Since the COVID-19 pandemic (also before, but especially since), the region has become popular with the digital nomad community, and what I ambivalently call lifestyle migrants . These are fairly well-to-do folks from wealthy countries (mostly North America) who either live full-time in the region or have a second home and spend at least part of the year in the sun. Along Guanacaste’s coastline, and in towns like Tamarindo and Nosara, up to 60 percent of houses are unoccupied for six months of the year or more; a vacancy rate born of a real estate boom that positions the region as one of the fastest-growing sites of speculation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 449, "end": 452, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 749, "end": 762, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North America"}, {"start": 950, "end": 952, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 990, "end": 1000, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}]}
{"unique_index": 20952, "source_text": "Beyond making housing less accessible for local residents (what developers might call “opportunity”) this has a pernicious impact on both the environment and the local economy. At the same time, the region’s historical remoteness now enhances its appeal to developers and lifestyle migrants. “Remote” beach houses, “secluded” villas, or ocean-view apartments are attractive for the exclusivity of retreat they provide, allowing residents to live apart from the pressures and routines of their home countries, even as they participate in global flows of wealth and consumption. Economically and socially detached from surrounding communities, enclave-style tourism developments take the form of gated neighbourhoods, luxury resorts, and vacation homes that operate as self-contained spaces. In Guanacaste, hillside villas and ocean-view homes embody this model. Their spatial design offers little opportunity for interaction with the local population, as many of these homes are built on hills or along the coast, away from the villages where people have traditionally lived.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 74, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 133, "end": 137, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 230, "end": 233, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 257, "end": 267, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20953, "source_text": "While these developments create some service-sector jobs, such as gardeners, cleaners, security guards, and waitstaff, much of the profit generated by these properties ultimately flows abroad . These unequal global social relations are most obvious in the disparity of wealth between well-off foreigners living in Guanacaste and the Nicaraguan migrants whose essential labor underpins the construction and service sectors. A crisis b eneath the surface Policies aimed at attracting the ultra-wealthy and foreign investment have fueled rapid and often unregulated residential development. Although the province is geographically large, this growth has been concentrated along the coastal strip. Together, these pressures have turned access to water into the region’s most pressing environmental issue. Luxury housing developments not only change the landscape and local economy, they also strain the water system. Guanacaste has always been a dry tropical region, shaped by long droughts and seasonal variation, but climate change is intensifying these conditions , placing even greater pressure on the already dry ecosystem. These pressures have not been matched by effective water governance.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 20954, "source_text": "For years, public institutions have lacked reliable data on how much water coastal aquifers in Guanacaste can sustainably provide, even as thousands of wells extract unknown quantities beneath the surface. Research shows that several aquifers along the Pacific coast are already overused or contaminated by seawater , particularly in areas of intense tourism and residential development. Real estate speculation has also put coastal communities’ access to drinking water at risk. In some cases, it has enabled dubious land concessions in public coastal areas such as the Maritime Terrestrial Zone , a legally protected strip of land intended for public use, and contributed to the destruction of mangrove ecosystems to make way for large-scale developments. While large hotels and high-end housing projects often secure continued access to water, local communities increasingly face shortages and restrictions. Since 2020, Costa Rica’s constitution has formally recognised access to drinking water as a fundamental human right, yet in places like Guanacaste, communities say the rapid expansion of tourism and real estate development is testing how that right is applied in practice.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 139, "end": 148, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 226, "end": 233, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 253, "end": 260, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 571, "end": 596, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maritime Terrestrial Zone"}, {"start": 917, "end": 921, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 923, "end": 933, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Costa Rica"}]}
{"unique_index": 20955, "source_text": "An investigation into water quality in Guanacaste’s aqueducts , published in March 2026, highlights how underinvestment in water systems has contributed to declining water quality in the region. According to the regulator of public services, ARESEP, dozens of aqueducts show signs of contamination , including faecal coliforms, often linked to ageing infrastructure and the limited technical and financial capacity of local water operators. In this context of strained infrastructure and uneven investment, water has increasingly become a strategic resource tied to tourism and real estate interests. In some communities, control over water infrastructure has shifted away from residents toward private actors, deepening fears of dispossession. The line between public provision and private control has been further blurred by the government’s reliance on private financing for water systems, reinforcing the influence of developers over local resources and fueling mistrust over who ultimately governs access to water. As it turns out, developers are not such good neighbours. Since the early 2000s, the expansion of tourism and residential development has repeatedly sparked conflicts between communities, investors, and state authorities over access to water.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 77, "end": 87, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 250, "end": 256, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 922, "end": 932, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1047, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1099, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 2000s"}]}
{"unique_index": 20956, "source_text": "Across Guanacaste, similar conflicts have emerged wherever tourism and residential development have expanded fastest. In the rural community of Sardinal, plans to divert water from an inland aquifer to supply coastal hotels and housing triggered protests after residents learned the project had advanced without their knowledge. In Potrero, a traditionally fishing-based coastal community that has become a popular tourist destination, pressure from developers and state authorities threatened the autonomy of a long-standing community-run aqueduct , raising fears that local water would be redirected toward luxury projects. In the case of the Nimboyores aquifer in Santa Cruz, government plans to exploit it (framed as a response to regional water scarcity) sparked years of community resistance , as residents argued that the real issue lay not in local shortages but in the growing demand from tourism and real estate development. More recently, the coastal community of Marbella has become another boiling point in the water wars. Real estate interests took control of the rural aqueduct while illegal wells were drilled inside residential complexes to supply second homes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 450, "end": 460, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}]}
{"unique_index": 20957, "source_text": "Authorities have identified large numbers of unauthorised wells in the area, intensifying concerns over aquifer depletion and salinisation. Despite judicial rulings and media investigations highlighting irregular land use and water extraction, construction has continued, and community members who oppose the projects report intimidation. In response, local residents have organised to defend their right to water against what they describe as an extractive development model that prioritises luxury housing over basic access. The pressures Guanacaste faces are not unique. A report published ahead of the 2026 UN Water Conference, Global Water Bankruptcy: Living Beyond Our Hydrological Means in the Post-Crisis Era , warns that aquifers worldwide are approaching a breaking point after decades of intensive extraction, combined with pollution and rising demand from expanding agriculture and growing cities in a warming climate. In an era marked by intense transnational mobility, the uneven distribution of rights and experiences in host communities reflects underlying dynamics of power and privilege that demand further scrutiny.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 606, "end": 610, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 611, "end": 613, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 632, "end": 655, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Global Water Bankruptcy"}]}
{"unique_index": 20958, "source_text": "Do social security allowances empower or disempower endangered Indigenous groups in Nepal?\n\nIn Nepal, investing in social protection appears to be driven more by political will than by the country’s economic capacity. Article 43 of Nepal’s Constitution (2015) guarantees the right to social protection, including social protection allowances for senior citizens, economically disadvantaged groups, Dalits , people with disabilities, children, single women, and members of endangered castes, in accordance with the government of Nepal’s fiscal programs. Social security programs act as effective tools for enhancing human capacity and productive employment opportunities, particularly for individuals, communities, and Indigenous tribes at the bottom of the social and economic pyramid. However, an estimated 20.1 million people in Nepal remain without any form of social protection . There is an ongoing debate over whether the government should prioritize creating job opportunities and empowering low-resource communities or provide direct cash allowances to address this issue. The discourse around social security allowance can be broken down into two camps: one that sees them as supportive, and another that suggests they may unintentionally contribute to the further disempowerment of community members at the lower end of the social hierarchy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 90, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Do social security allowances empower or disempower endangered Indigenous groups in Nepal?"}, {"start": 95, "end": 100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 232, "end": 237, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 254, "end": 258, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 528, "end": 533, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 808, "end": 820, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20.1 million"}, {"start": 831, "end": 836, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1152, "end": 1155, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20959, "source_text": "The following interviews explore the positive implications of social security allowances for some of Nepal’s most vulnerable communities. Addressing existing challenges, strengthening local governance capacity, and ensuring inclusive program design are likely to contribute to genuine empowerment within these communities. Nepal’s social security landscape Nepal is a signatory to several international-level conventions and treaties, which obligate officials to implement social protection measures for its citizens. This includes ILO Convention No. 169 and Article 22 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) . The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (UN 1966) recognizes social security as a universal human right. Similarly, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN 2015) mentions social protection as a key means to eliminating extreme poverty and reducing multi-dimensional poverty, which are included in the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There are more than 85 social security programs in Nepal that provide some form of allowance to around 3,800,000 people. This represents approximately 13 percent of Nepal’s total population.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 101, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 323, "end": 328, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 357, "end": 362, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 381, "end": 388, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 532, "end": 554, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "ILO Convention No. 169"}, {"start": 577, "end": 579, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 717, "end": 719, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 720, "end": 724, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1966"}, {"start": 796, "end": 800, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 837, "end": 839, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 840, "end": 844, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 985, "end": 987, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 990, "end": 992, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1022, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Sustainable Development Goals"}, {"start": 1051, "end": 1053, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "85"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1087, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1134, "end": 1143, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,800,000"}, {"start": 1182, "end": 1184, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 1196, "end": 1201, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20960, "source_text": "The Nepal government has committed to providing financial support to 10 endangered Indigenous communities, each with a population below 10,000 people. The officially recognized endangered Indigenous groups are the Bankariya, Hayu, Kisan, Kusbadhiya, Kusunda, Lepcha, Meche, Raji, Raute , and Surel. To better understand the implications of the social security system for endangered Indigenous communities in Nepal, Global Voices interviewed Santoshi Bankariya , a member of the Bankariya community via phone. She emphasized the importance of the Endangered Community Social Security Allowance, explaining how the funds allow her family to access basic education, healthcare, and other essential needs. She noted that although public education is officially free, families still face indirect costs such as school bags, uniforms, stationery, and basic utility expenses. According to her, every individual belonging to the Bankariya community is entitled to a monthly allowance of NPR 4,000 (USD 27), provided through the Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration. A study conducted on the Raji community in Chaukune Rural Municipality of Surkhet District highlighted raised economic and social resilience linked to social security allowances.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 69, "end": 71, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 136, "end": 142, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}, {"start": 408, "end": 413, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 415, "end": 428, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 441, "end": 459, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Santoshi Bankariya"}, {"start": 546, "end": 592, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Endangered Community Social Security Allowance"}, {"start": 958, "end": 965, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 983, "end": 988, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,000"}, {"start": 994, "end": 996, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1074, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration"}, {"start": 1119, "end": 1166, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Chaukune Rural Municipality of Surkhet District"}]}
{"unique_index": 20961, "source_text": "Community members reported using the support to start small businesses, cooperative savings programs, and cultural preservation initiatives. However, experts argue that social security allowances must be complemented by more comprehensive development programs, such as focused educational initiatives, improved healthcare services, and livelihood diversification. Achieving long-term socioeconomic progress for the Raji community will likely depend on addressing these structural challenges through inclusive and sustained policy measures. Regular cash transfers, without parallel livelihood investment, may create a risk of dependency. For example, OnlineKhabar has highlighted that some members of the Raute community are increasingly relying on government allowances rather than on traditional forest-based livelihoods. This shift weakens self-reliance and contributes to the erosion of traditional skills. In addition, field reports have shown that in some endangered communities, allowance money has contributed to increased alcohol consumption and related social challenges. Such trends point to the pressures faced by nomadic groups that are increasingly dependent on government support for survival. There is currently no comprehensive official data on the number of Indigenous Peoples enrolled in social protection programs.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1217, "end": 1226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}]}
{"unique_index": 20962, "source_text": "Indigenous communities continue to face multiple barriers in accessing social security allowances, both in terms of coverage and adequacy. These barriers are not merely technical; they are rooted in historical injustices, structural discrimination, geographic isolation , lack of citizenship documentation among some people, exclusion from formal labor markets, gaps in reliable data, and program designs that often fail to reflect Indigenous realities. Gaps and challenges in social protection systems Nepal’s social protection landscape is characterized by a multitude of fragmented programs that do not operate cohesively. Although there are various initiatives aimed at poverty reduction, these programs often fail to meet their targeted goals. The problems are rooted in socio-economic disparities , political dynamics, and institutional weaknesses. In addition, many Indigenous people remain unaware of their entitlements under social protection schemes due to insufficient information dissemination. Political instability further disrupts the continuity of programs designed to support vulnerable communities. For instance, during my trip to vote in the national elections in Nepal , I heard villagers discussing their support for candidates from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 99, "end": 103, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 503, "end": 508, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 868, "end": 872, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1183, "end": 1188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1258, "end": 1273, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Communist Party"}, {"start": 1277, "end": 1282, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20963, "source_text": "Some speakers suggested that social protection benefits were primarily the result of their party’s initiatives. As a result, several villagers appeared to associate old-age allowances with the leadership of former Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli , noting that such benefits were frequently highlighted in his past and current election campaigns. This shows that social protection can become entangled in political narratives and become weaponized as a political tool. The situation is further complicated by a highly politicized bureaucratic environment , where political patronage may influence the allocation of resources and positions, ultimately weakening effective governance and public accountability. A way forward Social Security programs have been proven to enhance social equity and justice . Activists argue that the federal government should also be involved in the management of the distribution of this allowance , as this involves a large number of beneficiaries and the scale of budget allocations across cash-based social assistance programs. Targeted orientation programs for Indigenous groups and communities could help promote the effective and responsible use of social security allowances, enabling households to invest in ways that support long-term wellbeing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 125, "end": 132, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 214, "end": 228, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 229, "end": 253, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli"}, {"start": 811, "end": 820, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 20964, "source_text": "Such initiatives may also strengthen their ability to exercise the right to self-determination, as recognized in international instruments such as Article 3 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Article 7 of ILO Convention No. 169 . This approach could create a meaningful opportunity to integrate Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge, priorities, and lived experiences into the design and implementation of social security programs. In doing so, it may help strengthen collective ways of life, sustain traditional knowledge systems, and support Indigenous food practices. Additionally, experts urge the Government of Nepal to continue to promote electronic payment systems for social security allowances, while also ensuring that these systems are accessible to all beneficiaries and safeguarded against duplication and misuse . Hence, there is a clear need for a balanced and empowering approach — for instance, l inking allowance with livelihood programs, such as Indigenous enterprise development , which would revitalize the traditional skills of the community. From a policy perspective, it may also be worth considering longer-term support measures, including access to land, secure housing, residential education opportunities, and fair representation in government, as complementary strategies to direct cash assistance rather than relying on cash transfers alone.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 164, "end": 178, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 244, "end": 266, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "ILO Convention No. 169"}, {"start": 633, "end": 652, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Government of Nepal"}]}
{"unique_index": 20965, "source_text": "Language documentation needs community rights, consent, and recognition: Interview with Van Gujjari writer Taukeer Alam\n\nAs the majority of the world’s languages are spoken, their speakers’ knowledge is also oral. Yet, Wikipedia and most publications require written citations. The OpenSpeaks Archives , a digital language archive started in 2024, helps Wikimedians cite Indigenous oral knowledge. This project’s technical and educational infrastructure helps community-based language archivists document, transcribe, and archive their languages. It now hosts nearly 20 languages from India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. This interview series captures the stories of some of the OpenSpeaks Archives collaborators. Subhashish Panigrahi, on behalf of Rising Voices, interviewed Taukeer Alam , an Indian conservationist and a speaker of the Van Gujjari language , via voice call. Van Gujjari is a vulnerable indigenous language spoken by the Van Gujjar , a nomadic Muslim community living mostly in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand. The following video interview with Taukeer Alam by Subhashish Panigrahi was conducted for the documentary “ MarginalizedAadhaar ” on OpenSpeaks Archives. It is available under the Creative Commons license BY-SA 4.0 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 119, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Language documentation needs community rights, consent, and recognition: Interview with Van Gujjari writer Taukeer Alam"}, {"start": 219, "end": 228, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 282, "end": 301, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenSpeaks Archives"}, {"start": 342, "end": 346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 550, "end": 553, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 567, "end": 569, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 585, "end": 590, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 592, "end": 597, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 603, "end": 612, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 672, "end": 691, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenSpeaks Archives"}, {"start": 707, "end": 727, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Subhashish Panigrahi"}, {"start": 742, "end": 755, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rising Voices"}, {"start": 769, "end": 781, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Taukeer Alam"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1029, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uttarakhand"}, {"start": 1066, "end": 1078, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Taukeer Alam"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Subhashish Panigrahi"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1158, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "MarginalizedAadhaar"}, {"start": 1164, "end": 1183, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenSpeaks Archives"}, {"start": 1242, "end": 1245, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.0"}]}
{"unique_index": 20966, "source_text": "Rising Voices (RV): How do you see books, audio, and video for documenting your language? Taukeer Alam (TA) : Audio and video are the best mediums for documenting Van Gujjari for capturing our emotions through voice, expressions, and body language. These are very hard to capture in a book. There is another difficulty with books, especially for Indigenous languages with their own sound patterns and ways of speaking. We cannot write them fully as is: the exact way a word is pronounced, or how the sounds are released. A word in Hindi, Van Gujjari or Punjabi might be spelled the same way, but the tone, the feeling, and the rhythm can be completely different. Audio and video show these differences clearly and feel more “pure”. In a book, any reader from any region will read the word in their own way, with their own intonation. They will not understand how that particular word is spoken in our community, how high or low the tone goes, what expression accompanies it, or what emotional weight it carries.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rising Voices"}, {"start": 15, "end": 17, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RV"}, {"start": 90, "end": 102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Taukeer Alam"}]}
{"unique_index": 20967, "source_text": "A book is simply not as ‘alive’ as audio and video, which capture many layers of meaning beyond the words. Rising Voices (RV): For different generations in your community, what works better: books or audio/video? TA : Before many first generation learners in college like myself, there was no literacy in our community. Literacy did not exist for long as our people were restricted to migrate freely, they were relocated, or nomadic tribes were settled in new places. In such situation, written materials does not do very much — audio and video work better for all age groups as people cannot read. With literacy increasing among children, written material is beginning to matter. If the small stories, short narratives, or interview excerpts we collect from the community are turned into books, and used to educate children, it will become very valuable. It will help children's contextual understanding if the knowledge comes from their own roots. It connects their education to their lived reality. For older people, audio and video always work better, because they are not going to learn reading at this stage of life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 66, "end": 70, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 107, "end": 120, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rising Voices"}, {"start": 122, "end": 124, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RV"}, {"start": 225, "end": 229, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 20968, "source_text": "If I convert my interview with a 60 or 70 year old into a book and give it to a 40 year old who cannot read, the book is of no use to them. For them, it will only work in interview form, whether audio or video. So different forms are needed for different generations, but in my community, that is how I see it at the moment. RV: What do you recommend for documented material accessibility? TA : First of all, knowledge and information should be accessible, whatever form it is in. We have to identify which mediums the community already uses and then make the material available there. If they use YouTube a lot, then interviews should be available on YouTube. If they are more inclined towards reading books, then the same content should be accessible through books. Secondly, we need share the documentation with the community as quickly as possible. The sooner we go to the community, record, transcribe, translate, and share the material back, the more likely we are to preserve the quality of the knowledge.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 33, "end": 35, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 39, "end": 50, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "70 year old"}, {"start": 80, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "40 year old"}, {"start": 598, "end": 605, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 652, "end": 659, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}]}
{"unique_index": 20969, "source_text": "For example, I transcribed some folk songs recently. When I tried to translate them, I realized that for some songs, we no longer know the real meaning. People are still singing them, but those who truly understood the meaning have already passed away. Now others are singing just by hearing them, without knowing the literal meaning, the emotions behind the song, why it was sung, or in what situations it was created or performed. The full knowledge behind the song is gone. So two things are vital: the material should be accessible in the language and format people use. Documentation of endangered languages should happen as early as possible. The longer we wait, the more the quality of knowledge reduces and vanishes. RV: How should a language like Van Gujjari be documented, and community documentation capacity be built? TA : Language documentation must be participatory, involving the community’s youth who represent the community’s future. They must be kept in the loop and showed the process, the methodology, what to pay attention to, and how we frame questions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 253, "end": 256, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 480, "end": 483, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 20970, "source_text": "If they learn this, they can later carry on the work themselves. Secondly, the material must be accessible to the community. If it is documented but remains far away from them, then its benefit is limited. They should be able to see, hear, and use it. Third and last, we should use reasonably good-quality equipment. If we are interviewing a 70 or 80 year old, we do not know if we will ever again meet a person that old with that knowledge. The data we capture from them is very precious; it should be of good quality so that it lasts and remains useful. RV: Do you worry about community data misuse or exploitation through AI? TA : Yes, I do. I worry what will happen while publishing community knowledge, which is very deep. Before sharing it anywhere, we have to think carefully. We may document and record it with good intentions, but what happens to it later? How much right will the community retain over it? Medicinal knowledge, rituals, and other practices that are considered private or are seen as the community’s collective asset.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 342, "end": 344, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 348, "end": 359, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "80 year old"}]}
{"unique_index": 20971, "source_text": "People have lived with them, evolved them, and learned from them over thousands of years. That fear of such unique and sensitive knowledge being marketed or abused persists. Ideally, before making such knowledge public, some kind of protection should be in place, clearly recognizing it as community knowledge. The publication should acknowledge the community’s rights, and proper consent and recognition should be needed before the content enters another domain. Then anyone using it would have to say, ‘This comes from the Van Gujjar community,’ and respect that. Even if someone does not acknowledge it, we could still claim later that we documented and published it in, say, 2024. So it is ours and we have rights over it. Others should use it only according to the permissions given by the community. So I have no objection to documentation itself; the main questions are how and where the material is stored, and how much control and rights the community retains over it. The interview with Alam resulted in “ Maari Jaban Maari Birsa ” (meaning, our language, our culture), a language documentation project at OpenSpeaks Archives in 2024.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 79, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 679, "end": 683, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1001, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alam"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1135, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenSpeaks Archives"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1143, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 20989, "source_text": "Research reveals that EU AI rules stop at its borders with little accountability for human rights impacts abroad\n\nThe European Union (EU) presents itself as the world’s most ambitious regulator of artificial intelligence (AI). With the AI Act , the Digital Services Act , the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) or the Dual-Use Regulation , Brussels has built an elaborate architecture of rules designed to ensure that technology serves human rights. What that architecture does not do is follow the technology when it crosses a border. Our research at 7amleh, the Arab Center for the Advancement of Social Media, traces what happens when it does. A system, not isolated failures What we found is not a series of isolated procurement mistakes or funding oversights. It is a pattern. A structured, largely opaque system through which European money flows into high-risk AI and surveillance technologies, which then reach governments and militaries in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region, including Israel, with no binding obligation to assess what those technologies will be used for, against whom, and at what human cost.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 112, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Research reveals that EU AI rules stop at its borders with little accountability for human rights impacts abroad"}, {"start": 118, "end": 132, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 134, "end": 136, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 236, "end": 242, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI Act"}, {"start": 249, "end": 269, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Services Act"}, {"start": 586, "end": 597, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Arab Center"}, {"start": 606, "end": 633, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Advancement of Social Media"}, {"start": 975, "end": 984, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Asia"}, {"start": 989, "end": 1001, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Africa"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1033, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}]}
{"unique_index": 20990, "source_text": "The mechanism has three main channels. The first runs through migration control. Under the EU’s main instrument for third-country cooperation, 10 percent of the financial envelope is earmarked for migration governance. In 2023 and 2024, the EU signed agreements with Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, and Lebanon, conditioning aid on those governments’ cooperation in controlling irregular migration. What followed was the transfer of biometric identification systems, traveller screening tools, smart border gates, and maritime surveillance infrastructure. The funding is rarely direct. It is routed through member states and implementing organisations, creating layers of institutional distance that make accountability structurally difficult to establish. People in transit face detention, violence, and pushback before they can make asylum claims. The infrastructure that the EU helps build does not protect them. In many documented cases, it places them in greater danger. The second channel runs through research and innovation funding. Horizon Europe has awarded grants to Israeli companies whose technologies have been documented to have military applications. The European Defence Fund has channelled significant resources to companies with direct ownership links to Israeli weapons manufacturers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 23, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 91, "end": 93, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 143, "end": 145, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 222, "end": 226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 231, "end": 235, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 241, "end": 243, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 267, "end": 272, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Egypt"}, {"start": 274, "end": 281, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 283, "end": 290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tunisia"}, {"start": 296, "end": 303, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 871, "end": 873, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 912, "end": 916, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1048, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Horizon Europe"}, {"start": 1164, "end": 1185, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Defence Fund"}]}
{"unique_index": 20991, "source_text": "The European Investment Fund has invested, through fund-of-funds (FoF) structures, in Israeli surveillance and spyware companies. Horizon Europe funded Xtend , which was subsequently contracted by the Israeli Ministry of Defence to supply thousands of assault drones. The European Defence Fund channeled over 15 million euros to Intracom Defense, a company 94.5 percent owned by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) . The European Investment Fund committed 21.2 million euros to a fund that invested in Paragon Solutions , an Israeli spyware company whose tools have been used against journalists, activists, and human rights defenders across the region. Direct exports, minimal safeguards The third channel is the most straightforward: direct commercial exports. European companies sell facial recognition systems, biometric tools, drone components, and smart city technologies to governments across WANA with no binding obligation to conduct human rights due diligence before or after the sale. On paper, many of these technologies are described as civilian. In practice, the line between civilian and military use is almost always blurred, particularly in authoritarian contexts and active conflict zones.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 28, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Investment Fund"}, {"start": 130, "end": 144, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Horizon Europe"}, {"start": 201, "end": 228, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Israeli Ministry of Defence"}, {"start": 239, "end": 248, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 272, "end": 293, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Defence Fund"}, {"start": 309, "end": 319, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15 million"}, {"start": 357, "end": 361, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "94.5"}, {"start": 379, "end": 385, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 419, "end": 443, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Investment Fund"}, {"start": 454, "end": 466, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21.2 million"}, {"start": 582, "end": 593, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 595, "end": 604, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 610, "end": 632, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}]}
{"unique_index": 20992, "source_text": "A facial recognition system described as an urban management solution functions as an instrument of mass surveillance in the hands of a government with no judicial oversight. A targeting system described as AI-assisted intelligence becomes something else entirely when it generates lists with documented inaccuracies and minimal human oversight in the decision chain. In Gaza , that something else has a name. High-risk AI targeting systems have been deployed in conditions that violate core principles of international humanitarian law. Approximately 67,000 deaths have been officially reported, the majority civilians. A study published in The Lancet found that life expectancy in Gaza was halved within the first year of the war. The International Court of Justice has found that Israel’s conduct involves plausible acts of genocide . And yet, in 2020, Frontex awarded 100 million euros in contracts to two Israeli companies, IAI and Elbit Systems, to operate surveillance drones over the Mediterranean. Both platforms have been actively deployed by the Israeli military in Gaza.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 552, "end": 558, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "67,000"}, {"start": 737, "end": 767, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Court of Justice"}, {"start": 783, "end": 789, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 850, "end": 854, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 872, "end": 883, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100 million"}, {"start": 906, "end": 909, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1011, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}]}
{"unique_index": 20993, "source_text": "Europe accounted for 45 percent of Israeli arms exports in 2024, a nearly 20 percent increase from 2023, coinciding with the escalation. Political inertia despite mounting evidence In September 2025, the European Commission itself acknowledged , in response to a parliamentary question, that it had come to the conclusion that Israel is violating human rights and humanitarian law. A proposal to partially suspend Israeli entities from Horizon Europe was put forward in July 2025. As of today, it has still not been approved by the Council. Some member state governments continue to block it. This is not a knowledge problem. The evidence is not in dispute. It is a political problem, one of institutional inertia, economic interest, and the absence of binding mechanisms that would force a different outcome. The path forward is not complicated to describe, even if it is politically difficult to achieve. The AI Act must be extended to cover exports: systems that are prohibited or classified as high-risk within the EU can currently be sold freely to third countries, a fundamental gap that the regulation does not address.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 21, "end": 23, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45"}, {"start": 59, "end": 63, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 74, "end": 76, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 99, "end": 103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 184, "end": 198, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2025"}, {"start": 204, "end": 223, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Commission"}, {"start": 327, "end": 333, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 436, "end": 450, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Horizon Europe"}, {"start": 470, "end": 479, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 487, "end": 492, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 911, "end": 917, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI Act"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1021, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1035, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}]}
{"unique_index": 20994, "source_text": "Binding human rights due diligence must apply to all exports of AI and dual-use technologies, regardless of company size. The CSDDD was significantly weakened in November 2025 when the European Parliament raised the employee threshold to 5,000, exempting the vast majority of European technology companies. Migration agreements must be subject to independent, public human rights impact assessments before signature, not after. Moreover, the European Union must urgently reassess Israel’s participation in Horizon Europe, including the eligibility of Israel’s entities as beneficiaries, in light of their human rights conduct and in line with the EU’s own position, values, and legal obligations. The fundamental challenge is visibility. These funding flows, procurement decisions, and technology transfers operate largely out of public view. The further the distance between a decision made in Brussels and its consequences on the ground, the easier it is to avoid accountability. That distance is not accidental. It is a design feature. Closing it, making the connections readable, specific, and public, is what accountability requires. It is also, for the communities living under the infrastructure Europe helps build, what survival sometimes depends on.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 162, "end": 175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 185, "end": 204, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Parliament"}, {"start": 238, "end": 243, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 442, "end": 456, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 480, "end": 486, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 506, "end": 520, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Horizon Europe"}, {"start": 551, "end": 557, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 647, "end": 649, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 1203, "end": 1209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}]}
{"unique_index": 20995, "source_text": "India’s race to adopt AI sparks a deeper question: How can technology respect human rights?\n\nIndia’s current AI governance framework encompasses soft guidelines, an unenacted ethics bill, and data protection rules. And together, they create a system where AI can be deployed first and questioned later, because the framework emphasises responsible AI but imposes no obligation of transparency or pre-deployment impact assessments. The rise of AI-enabled monitoring, such as facial recognition systems at railway stations and predictive policing technologies used by police across different cities, has continued largely without sufficient legal protections, raising concerns about human rights, privacy, dignity, and civil liberties. “Responsible AI” without accountability is merely an aspiration. Although the framework talks about a people-first approach, human rights must be the starting point of AI governance, not a consideration to be layered on afterwards. In February, India organised a five-day-long India AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi, which brought together global leaders , Big Tech platforms, civil society actors and policymakers to explore the future of AI governance and cooperation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 91, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "India’s race to adopt AI sparks a deeper question: How can technology respect human rights?"}, {"start": 93, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 969, "end": 977, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February"}, {"start": 979, "end": 984, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1016, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1038, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 20996, "source_text": "The event underlined AI technology’s expanding economic and geopolitical significance as it continues to transform global economies . The summit focused on inclusive growth, ethical deployment, and AI use across sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and education. In a statement published on February 20, Human Rights organisation Amnesty International contrasted the claims of the AI Impact Summit with how AI is being used in India. Amnesty International stressed that technologies like AI-automation and facial recognition are restricting civic space, aiding state surveillance, and disproportionately affecting the poor and the marginalised. The event itself was effectively used as a live demo of India’s expanding AI‑driven surveillance grid in Delhi. Supposedly to maintain security of the summit location, Delhi Police installed 500 security cameras at the international exhibition centre and turned central Delhi into a “digital fortress” with more than 4,000 AI‑enabled cameras deployed across the city. These cameras used facial recognition to analyse live video feeds, matching faces against police databases of “suspected individuals,” repeat protesters, and people flagged for public-order concerns, with alerts sent instantly.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 296, "end": 307, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 20"}, {"start": 335, "end": 356, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 432, "end": 437, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 439, "end": 460, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 706, "end": 711, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 818, "end": 830, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Delhi Police"}, {"start": 841, "end": 844, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 967, "end": 972, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,000"}]}
{"unique_index": 20997, "source_text": "The AI-driven surveillance network was coordinated through 32 control rooms, supported by facial recognition systems (FRS), real-time video analytics, and AI-enabled smart glasses used by officers on the ground. More than 20,000 personnel relied on the system to monitor crowd density, movement patterns, and potential “troublemakers” in and around the AI summit in real time. Perils of AI-enabled state surveillance In order to monitor the adoption of facial recognition technology in India, the rights-based organisation Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) started Project Panoptic in 2020. By 2024, it created the most comprehensive public database on facial recognition technology use in India after recording more than 120 government contracts. Indian legal services non-profit SFLC.in recently published an overview of incidents relating to AI and surveillance in India that took place in 2025. The roundup highlights the usage of the technology in various domains, such as AI-driven surveillance in travel. The government-backed, AI-based facial recognition app DigiYatra , positioned as a flagship digital aviation effort, combines a passenger’s Aadhaar ID, boarding card and face biometrics to enable “seamless” paperless travel at Indian airports.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 61, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "32"}, {"start": 188, "end": 196, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 222, "end": 228, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,000"}, {"start": 486, "end": 491, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 523, "end": 550, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Internet Freedom Foundation"}, {"start": 552, "end": 555, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IFF"}, {"start": 565, "end": 581, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Project Panoptic"}, {"start": 585, "end": 589, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 594, "end": 598, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 690, "end": 695, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 722, "end": 725, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "120"}, {"start": 781, "end": 788, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SFLC.in"}, {"start": 868, "end": 873, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 893, "end": 897, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1076, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "DigiYatra"}]}
{"unique_index": 20998, "source_text": "Although on paper, DigiYatra is opt‑in and “not mandatory,” IFF say s that airline passengers across India are being ambushed and pushed into enrolling. IFF further says that DigiYatra has a weak data system and a murky ecosystem — there’s no transparency around what data is stored, how, or where, or who has access. The service is run through the Digi Yatra Foundation , and around 75 percent of its shares are owned by private companies, placing it outside the ambit of t he Right to Information Act, 2015 (RTI Act) for accountability. AI-enabled CCTV surveillance is also increasingly being deployed in exam halls across India to monitor students. These technologies track gestures, cell phone use, and facial indicators such as unusual eye movements, sending rapid notifications to proctors. By 2025, such technologies had been applied to school board exams and important competitive tests in states such as Uttar Pradesh , Bihar , and Karnataka . SFLC.in says AI-driven surveillance is increasing across India, with insufficient information about oversight and data retention, or means to contest misidentification. As such, technologies become part of public infrastructure, consent is increasingly ignored, and human rights concerns receive minimal consideration.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 28, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "DigiYatra"}, {"start": 101, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 175, "end": 184, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "DigiYatra"}, {"start": 349, "end": 370, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Digi Yatra Foundation"}, {"start": 384, "end": 386, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 478, "end": 502, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Right to Information Act"}, {"start": 504, "end": 508, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 510, "end": 517, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "RTI Act"}, {"start": 625, "end": 630, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 800, "end": 804, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 953, "end": 960, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SFLC.in"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1015, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 20999, "source_text": "Deployment of AI technology is impacting millions According to an investigation by Decode , a distinct investigative unit of BOOM, one of India’s leading independent digital journalism and fact-checking organisations, AI-driven facial recognition is failing to recognise women whose faces change due to pregnancy, illness or ageing, thereby denying them access to public facilities and verification. Facial recognition technology in the Poshan Tracker , a government app, failed to match their current appearance to years-old Aadhar ID photographs. India’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme is responsible for feeding approximately 47 million pregnant women, nursing mothers and young children. In July 2025, the AI facial recognition scan for identification was introduced. By the end of 2025, almost half of the people who were supposed to receive food hadn’t gotten it, because the system simply couldn't recognise their faces. Facial recognition struggles in poor lighting , on low-end phones, and most critically, on darker skin tones . That last flaw is well-documented, yet nobody seemed to ask whether it mattered before rolling this out to some of India’s most marginalised communities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 49, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 138, "end": 143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 549, "end": 554, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 557, "end": 594, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Integrated Child Development Services"}, {"start": 596, "end": 600, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICDS"}, {"start": 653, "end": 663, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "47 million"}, {"start": 719, "end": 728, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 810, "end": 814, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 823, "end": 827, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 1178, "end": 1183, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 21000, "source_text": "Indian regulations on AI India does not yet have a dedicated, binding AI statute; instead, it relies on a web of existing laws such as the IT Act, intermediary rules, and data protection, plus governance guidance. The India AI Governance Guidelines introduced by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India ( MeitY ) in November 2025 adopted a non-interventionist model, emphasising responsible AI, risk‑based oversight and protection against harms, but they are non‑binding soft law. A new Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill , 2025, proposes that the government establish an Ethics Committee, mandatory ethical reviews, bias audits, restrictions on certain uses (e.g., surveillance, high‑risk employment decisions) and grievance mechanisms, signalling an explicit human‑rights‑style focus, but it has not yet been enacted. India’s Digital Personal Data Protection framework (implemented via DPDP Rules 2025) imposes consent‑centric obligations, purpose limitation and data minimisation on AI developers and deployers, indirectly protecting privacy and related rights in AI contexts. The Indian government is doubling down on intermediaries to swiftly remove AI-generated deepfakes used for defamation, impersonation, deception, or the non-consensual portrayal of sexual content on social media platforms.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 214, "end": 248, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The India AI Governance Guidelines"}, {"start": 267, "end": 326, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India"}, {"start": 340, "end": 353, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 570, "end": 574, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 618, "end": 634, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ethics Committee"}, {"start": 866, "end": 871, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 945, "end": 949, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1045, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21001, "source_text": "However, even when platforms comply, the harm is often already done by the time such synthetic media is taken down. Current human rights approach to AI UN human rights officials are increasingly arguing that international human rights law , which should serve as the central framework for governing artificial intelligence, emphasises inclusivity, accountability, transparency, and the need to address power imbalances. This reflects a larger trend extending beyond the voluntary discussion of “ AI ethics ” into the area of legal obligations, such as restrictions and corrective measures. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has called for moratoriums on AI applications that violate fundamental rights, like certain forms of biometric surveillance, as well as mandatory human rights due diligence at every stage of the development and implementation of AI-enabled services. Similarly, in a joint statement from 2025, the Freedom Online Coalition urged governments to ensure business due diligence, enforce protections in high-risk situations, and require human rights impact assessments, particularly regarding risks such as political manipulation, disinformation, and profiling. Some observers have suggested a SAARC -wide regulatory framework based on the EU AI Act , with clear protections for fundamental rights and improved transparency and accountability procedures.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 152, "end": 154, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 594, "end": 596, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 602, "end": 614, "label": "JOB", "value": "Commissioner"}, {"start": 919, "end": 923, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 929, "end": 953, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Freedom Online Coalition"}, {"start": 1269, "end": 1275, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI Act"}]}
{"unique_index": 21002, "source_text": "However, this is merely a policy recommendation rather than a proposed legally binding law. The way forward According to the Ontario government’s Principles for the Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence , human rights obligations must be incorporated into the design of AI systems, not added on after the fact. The Council of the European Commissioner for Human Rights recommends that human rights impact assessments ought to be required before high-stakes AI systems are deployed. It should be mandatory for governments and businesses using AI in public-facing roles to reveal the systems they use, the data they train on, and the error rates. Specific legal frameworks are needed to determine when AI systems are considered legal entities for liability purposes and what obligations of care their developers and users have to those impacted by them. The problem arises when frameworks exist that cannot be implemented easily, or exclude state use of AI. MeitY’s IndiaAI Mission , a national programme approved in March 2024, aims to build a full-stack AI ecosystem in India through the initiative “Safe & Trusted AI projects”.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 320, "end": 373, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Council of the European Commissioner for Human Rights"}, {"start": 804, "end": 814, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 961, "end": 984, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "MeitY’s IndiaAI Mission"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1030, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2024"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1080, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 21003, "source_text": "Eight responsible AI projects encompassing themes such as bias mitigation, ethical AI frameworks, privacy‑enhancing tools, and explainable AI and five additional projects targeting deepfake detection have been undertaken so far. On paper, MeitY’s IndiaAI initiatives align with human‑rights principles. However, rights groups argue this falls short of a true human‑rights framework because safeguards are voluntary, oversight is weak, and high‑risk state AI (surveillance, welfare automation, predictive policing) continues without binding protections or effective remedies. Human rights activists suggest that India should enact specific legislation for AI-enabled surveillance, such as policing algorithms, enforcing transparency, and enforcing oversight of surveillance systems, in order to reduce the risk of digital authoritarianism. Paula Villar was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. She graduated with a degree in psychology and completed a postgraduate course in clinical psychology. Although she has been drawing since a very young age, it was only during the COVID-19 pandemic that Paula decided to change careers, devoting herself to digital art and activism. In addition, she also works with other media, such as oil paint, realistic pencil drawings and Indian ink.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Eight"}, {"start": 146, "end": 150, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 575, "end": 597, "label": "JOB", "value": "Human rights activists"}, {"start": 611, "end": 616, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 839, "end": 851, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paula Villar"}, {"start": 864, "end": 878, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rio de Janeiro"}, {"start": 880, "end": 886, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 891, "end": 895, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1992"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1104, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paula"}]}
{"unique_index": 21008, "source_text": "Don’t ask AI, ask a peer: A collaborative series\n\nThis is a deliberate decision to highlight human creativity and diversity, which is the core idea of this series. As editors of communication platforms dedicated to safeguarding human rights and amplifying marginalised voices and narratives, we have faced a dilemma in recent years: how to deal with the growing volume of content generated by large learning models, commonly referred to as artificial intelligence, or AI, for short. On the one hand, the advance of these technologies in a highly extractive corporate model poses many risks and negative impacts — from their calamitous environmental impact to exploitation of land and resources to their use for surveillance and war , and many other violations of human rights . On the other hand, we know that tools like these can be a concrete and accessible alternative, for example, for authors from the Global South who make the generous effort of writing in non-native languages, such as English or Spanish. We are also aware that people with disabilities use AI as an assistive tool in their work.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 48, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Don’t ask AI, ask a peer: A collaborative series"}, {"start": 167, "end": 174, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 490, "end": 493, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 579, "end": 583, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 738, "end": 742, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 890, "end": 897, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 907, "end": 919, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}]}
{"unique_index": 21009, "source_text": "In an effort to understand contradictions such as these and to navigate the various conversations and confusions while continuing to provide a space for our writers and readers, APC and its groundbreaking project GenderIT.org drew up a policy last year, inspired by and in consultation with Global Voices, which had also just released its own policy . In both cases, the organisations explored important questions around human voice, agency, creativity and labour, and sought a way to value this creativity while ensuring this was underpinned by relationships based on trust and transparency — without resorting to a binary approach or attempting to impose bans. Keeping this in mind, in these policies, we say: Global Voices is proud to publish writing, translation, and illustrations created by people, for people, and we expect our contributors to uphold that standard. As a diverse and grounded community, APC values content that has been produced as the result of a creative human process, which is nurtured by the lived experiences, human interactions, expertise and diversity of the people and organisations that make up the network.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 157, "end": 164, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 213, "end": 225, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GenderIT.org"}, {"start": 243, "end": 252, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 291, "end": 304, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 355, "end": 359, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 712, "end": 725, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21010, "source_text": "As we came together to tackle this shared challenge, an idea emerged: What if we went a step further? What if, as well as affirming the value of human diversity and creativity, we demonstrated it in practice? And so the idea for a series was born: Don’t ask AI, ask a peer — a collaboration between Global Voices and APC’s platforms APC.org and GenderIT.org. The series aims to re-emphasise the importance of knowledge sharing among people, as has been done for decades: communal exchange of information and expertise based on years of lived experiences, informed by local realities, and motivated by the need to feel connected with one another. With the introduction of generative AI, this connection has increasingly been lost, as people have turned to AI-based tools for answers instead of asking elders, family, friends, coworkers and community members. This series is aimed at addressing the very human need to feel connected, to continue to be part of a community, and to feel a sense of belonging.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 299, "end": 312, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 633, "end": 636, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21011, "source_text": "During our brainstorming sessions, we realised that it is important to bring back this communal form of knowledge sharing, where every person perceives the “ask” in their own way and offers a response the way they feel is important. This became our anchor to highlight the unique voice each of us carries — something that AI, with its monotonous tone, cannot replicate. So for this series, we initially developed two basic questions in the same way that one might ask AI: Why is it vital to value human creativity and connection in the age of AI? What could be done to create a human rights approach to AI? But here, these questions will be answered by authors and illustrators from different countries and with different backgrounds, each taking a distinct path. This content will be edited and translated by people. It will be imbued with human emotions, reflections and contradictions. The work will be remunerated, and the acknowledgments clear. Instead of pre-programmed responses generated by opaque algorithms designed to please users and hold their attention, different perspectives and thought-provoking ideas could spark conversations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 413, "end": 416, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 653, "end": 660, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}]}
{"unique_index": 21012, "source_text": "And human brains will each find their unique way to consider these questions. As peers, we editors have shared a common vision throughout the process of putting together this series being launched today. We have also brought different perspectives to the table, weaving them together into a patchwork quilt, much like this editorial, which was also written collaboratively. By sharing the series and its intentions now, we hope to hear from our community, reflect together, embrace dissent, identify areas of consensus, and perhaps co-create emerging questions for future rounds. Today, we extend an invitation to you to join us. Ask your peers, read what your peers have to say, share their content, and develop your own ideas and creations to be shared — alone or in collaboration with others. By doing things differently, we can realise that no future is inevitable, and no technology is compulsory or ubiquitous. Alternative ways of doing things have always existed and always will. You can follow the series throughout April on APC.org , GenderIT.org and globalvoices.org .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 91, "end": 98, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 197, "end": 202, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 415, "end": 418, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 580, "end": 585, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21013, "source_text": "If you’d like to receive updates on this series and more content from the organisations via email, subscribe to APC’s newsletter here and Global Voices’ newsletter here . Ameya Nagarajan (she/her) is the managing editor for the Global Voices newsroom and the editor for Advox. Débora Prado (she/her) is the lead editor of APC.org and a journalist with a background in strategic communications, feminism and human rights. Hija Kamran (she/her) is the lead editor of GenderIT.org and an advocacy strategist within APC’s Women’s Rights Programme. The Association for Progressive Communications (APC) is a membership-based network of organisations and activists. APC.org is our main website, featuring all our news, updates, blogs, columns, and publications, with a special focus on how the internet and ICTs can be shaped for social, gender, and environmental justice. GenderIT.org is a feminist publication, hosted by APC’s Women’s Rights Programme, that offers intersectional feminist reflections and analysis on topics at the intersection of gender, sexuality and technology. Global Voices is an international, multilingual community of writers, translators, and human rights activists. Together, we leverage the power of the internet to tell stories that build understanding across borders.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 138, "end": 151, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 171, "end": 186, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ameya Nagarajan"}, {"start": 204, "end": 219, "label": "JOB", "value": "managing editor"}, {"start": 228, "end": 241, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 259, "end": 265, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 277, "end": 289, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Débora Prado"}, {"start": 312, "end": 318, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 336, "end": 346, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 421, "end": 432, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hija Kamran"}, {"start": 455, "end": 461, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 512, "end": 542, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "APC’s Women’s Rights Programme"}, {"start": 548, "end": 590, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Association for Progressive Communications"}, {"start": 592, "end": 595, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "APC"}, {"start": 648, "end": 657, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 916, "end": 946, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "APC’s Women’s Rights Programme"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1089, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1144, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 1146, "end": 1157, "label": "JOB", "value": "translators"}, {"start": 1163, "end": 1185, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21014, "source_text": "There is no connection but human: Why it is vital to value human creativity in the age of AI\n\nSince the current AI hype began after Open AI made its ChatGPT available to billions of users worldwide in November 2022 (at the time, without any existing regulation or ethical frameworks or guardrails), we have heard numerous predictions of how AI will change everything for humans : human labor would be replaced; human creativity not needed anymore; human connection would be so much better with chatbots; governments would apply strict AI algorithms that eliminate human bias in social services; we will have break-through science available in just a few years and many more. Over three years later, how has the appearance of Generative AI changed for us? It has brought unnecessary and harmful disruptions to our education system, it has given some coders some more tools to write code, and it has been used, almost without human supervision, in war . It is 2026, and AI companies still do not have profitable business models and cannot give businesses meaningful proposals on how to use their products.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 92, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "There is no connection but human: Why it is vital to value human creativity in the age of AI"}, {"start": 149, "end": 156, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}, {"start": 170, "end": 178, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "billions"}, {"start": 201, "end": 214, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2022"}, {"start": 650, "end": 659, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few years"}, {"start": 664, "end": 668, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 680, "end": 697, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years later"}, {"start": 958, "end": 962, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 21015, "source_text": "Yet the AI people — CEOs, financial directors, research directors and even ethics directors — keep selling us their magical, anthropomorphising vision of their models. Please note also that most of these companies are connected to the “previous generation” of tech oligarchs: Google is developing Gemini ; Microsoft invested in both Anthropic and Open AI ; Mark Zuckerberg’s Meta has its very own Llama ; Elon Musk not only bought and crushed Twitter but also has the famously porno-oriented Grok , and Jeff Bezos is investing in not one but seven AI companies, including Perplexity AI and Dutch- based AI startup Toloka . AI narratives from tech companies are purposefully deceptive Researchers and journalists have already done some work to show the way narratives around AI are constructed , and how this shapes not only our anxiety and misperceptions of AI, but also governments’ panic around “losing in the AI race.” When OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, it was described as being “trained” on a vast “corpus” of data, using a “neural network” capable of generating “natural language.” This terminology, while technically grounded, also framed the system in human-like terms , suggesting something more than merely “artificial” intelligence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 24, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEOs"}, {"start": 36, "end": 45, "label": "JOB", "value": "directors"}, {"start": 56, "end": 65, "label": "JOB", "value": "directors"}, {"start": 82, "end": 91, "label": "JOB", "value": "directors"}, {"start": 276, "end": 282, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 297, "end": 303, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Gemini"}, {"start": 306, "end": 315, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 328, "end": 332, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 375, "end": 379, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 405, "end": 414, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elon Musk"}, {"start": 443, "end": 450, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 492, "end": 496, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}, {"start": 503, "end": 513, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jeff Bezos"}, {"start": 534, "end": 537, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 542, "end": 547, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}, {"start": 684, "end": 695, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 700, "end": 711, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 927, "end": 933, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenAI"}, {"start": 945, "end": 952, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}]}
{"unique_index": 21016, "source_text": "At the same time, the system’s errors were labeled “ hallucinations ,” a term that evokes imagination or magical thinking, and also belongs to the human domain. But these are not hallucinations; these are real errors that models built on statistical probability make. And they make a lot of them: some researchers estimate models being wrong in 25–30 percent of cases. Nonetheless, the combined effect of this terminology, the surrounding hype, and Altman’s own widely publicized concerns about advanced AI, has shaped public perception in a different direction. Together, they contribute to an understanding of generative AI as something dynamic, expansive, and difficult to control, at times even framed as a potentially existential threat to humanity. Another example of humanizing chat bots comes from Anthropic Recently, Anthropic, an AI company founded by former OpenAI researchers, released a document entitled Claude’s Constitution . In it, as legal scholar Luisa Jarovsky observes , Anthropic relies heavily on anthropomorphic framing, advancing what can be read as a pretentious, controversial, and legally questionable account of the nature and social role of AI systems.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 302, "end": 313, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 345, "end": 350, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25–30"}, {"start": 869, "end": 875, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenAI"}, {"start": 876, "end": 887, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 918, "end": 924, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}]}
{"unique_index": 21017, "source_text": "For instance, the document states: “We encourage Claude to approach its own existence with curiosity and openness, rather than trying to map it onto the lens of humans or prior conceptions of AI.” This language frames the model as a quasi-conscious entity, one capable of reflecting on and “approaching its own existence.” From a governance perspective, claims Jarovsky, Claude’s Constitution represents a concerning development . It risks subordinating human values, legal norms, and rights by attributing undue philosophical and moral status to AI systems. Finally, LLM models themselves are designed to produce text that is first-person, informal, and conversational, while synthetic voices are engineered to sound human. In addition, says Caleb Sponheim, a former computational neuroscientist, these systems produce responses filled with unnecessary pleasantries, sycophantic agreement , and anthropomorphizing language that prioritizes engagement over utility. Moreover, one of the authors of this document, Anthropic’s in-house philosopher Dr. Amanda Askell, has said that she was “ building Claude’s personality .” AI is not your friend Emily Bender , a professor of linguistics at the University of Washington, and Nanna Inie , an Assistant Professor at the IT-University of Copenhagen, state: “AI is not your friend.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 55, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}, {"start": 371, "end": 377, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}, {"start": 987, "end": 994, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1104, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}, {"start": 1144, "end": 1156, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emily Bender"}, {"start": 1161, "end": 1170, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 1193, "end": 1217, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Washington"}, {"start": 1223, "end": 1233, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nanna Inie"}, {"start": 1239, "end": 1258, "label": "JOB", "value": "Assistant Professor"}]}
{"unique_index": 21018, "source_text": "Nor is it an intelligent tutor, an empathetic ear, or a helpful assistant. It can not ‘make up’ facts, and it does not make ‘mistakes.’ It does not actually answer your questions.” It does not have “creativity”, it does not “think” or “connect.” It can only repeat what it has already been “trained” on, and that was produced by humans. Generative AI does not write, design or paint: it generates statistically closest patterns; these are probabilistic automation systems , which make them fundamentally different from human cognition or creativity. Yes, they probably could be useful tools in some occupations. But in order to understand that, we have to change the language around AI models and the technology itself. Journalists and media need to stop repeating tech companies’ marketing pitches, and policymakers must stop prioritizing the imagined urgency over safety and human rights. So the answer to the question “Why is it vital to value human creativity and connection in the age of AI?” is that there is no other creativity or connection than that of humans, no matter what tech companies are trying to sell us.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 720, "end": 731, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21019, "source_text": "Daria Dergacheva is a researcher in media and communication, her focus is platform and AI governance, digital authoritarianism and propaganda/disinformation studies. She has a background in journalism, and is currently an editor for Central and Easter Europe at Global Voices, as well as a freelance author and researcher on technology and the regions of Global Majority world. Ibrahim Kizza is a visual artist, designer, and illustrator whose work explores human connection, identity, and culture. His illustrations are defined by bold compositions, expressive colour, and a strong narrative focus, often centring Black life and lived experience. Working across editorial and digital spaces, he creates art and illustrations that balance simplicity with emotional depth, using contrast and symbolism to communicate complex ideas with clarity. For this project, Ibrahim develops a visual response to the tension between artificial and human connection, reinforcing the value of lived experience and collective creativity in an increasingly automated world. Beyond illustration, his interests span design, sport, and film, which continue to inform his visual language and storytelling.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daria Dergacheva"}, {"start": 22, "end": 32, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 209, "end": 218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 222, "end": 228, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 252, "end": 258, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 262, "end": 275, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 300, "end": 306, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 311, "end": 321, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 378, "end": 391, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ibrahim Kizza"}, {"start": 404, "end": 410, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 412, "end": 420, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}, {"start": 862, "end": 869, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ibrahim"}]}
{"unique_index": 21020, "source_text": "‘Sportellino’ is an AI chatbot who helps migrants navigate the maze of Italian bureaucracy\n\nLanguage and bureaucracy are the two biggest challenges for migrants arriving in Italy. The most common experience for a migrant is to stand in a waiting line, looking for information, desperate to complete papers and fill out forms — all necessities for being recognized as an asylum seeker or obtaining a residence permit. The country’s main language is Italian, while many have a basic level of English and sometimes some French or Spanish. There are more people in need than operators at migrant reception centers, and from this , an idea arose: an AI chatbot that gives step-by-step instructions and information to migrants. Creators imagined this could help ease the load for operators, too, by creating direct lines for specific needs, so people are not just asking for help at the wrong offices. That idea became reality in July 2025 with the official launch of Sportellino (literally “little help desk”), an innovative multilingual chatbot available via WhatsApp or Telegram, free of charge and working alongside migrant centers and operators. Global Voices spoke with Rebecca di Matteo, Head of Operations at Sportellino, a nonprofit , about the project and the challenges they’ve faced in helping migrants.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 90, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "‘Sportellino’ is an AI chatbot who helps migrants navigate the maze of Italian bureaucracy"}, {"start": 125, "end": 128, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 173, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 722, "end": 730, "label": "JOB", "value": "Creators"}, {"start": 924, "end": 933, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 1055, "end": 1063, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1075, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 1145, "end": 1158, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1170, "end": 1177, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rebecca"}, {"start": 1181, "end": 1187, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matteo"}]}
{"unique_index": 21021, "source_text": "Global Voices (GV): What is Sportellino, and how has your chatbot helped migrants in their daily lives? Rebecca Di Matteo (RDM) : Sportellino was created within the Master’s program in Migration and Development at Sapienza University of Rome , responding to a very specific need: to simplify access to information that, for many migrants, is not immediate in their daily lives. This includes bureaucratic procedures, documents, healthcare services, guidance on rights, and administrative procedures that are often complex, fragmented, and difficult to understand, even for those with a good command of Italian. In this sense, the chatbot helps reduce confusion, misinformation, and feelings of frustration by offering clear, verified, and multilingual answers, accessible directly through messaging tools already in use every day, such as WhatsApp and Telegram. The service is free, anonymous, and available 24/7, and is based on a knowledge base built from official sources and information validated by industry professionals. To date, Sportellino is particularly effective in assisting users with practical issues related to daily life and access to rights, such as residence permits, civil registry registration, health insurance cards, choosing a GP [general practicioner], SPID (Public Digital Identity System) , employment, school, and other public services.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 15, "end": 17, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GV"}, {"start": 91, "end": 96, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 104, "end": 121, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rebecca Di Matteo"}, {"start": 214, "end": 241, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sapienza University of Rome"}, {"start": 324, "end": 328, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 365, "end": 370, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 820, "end": 829, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 839, "end": 847, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 852, "end": 860, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1132, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21022, "source_text": "At the same time, the project is constantly evolving, and we are working to further improve our ability to respond to broader and more complex questions. Language and access The chatbot is currently available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Farsi, Pashto, Ukrainian, and other languages. According to Roma Capitale Magazine , the numbers speak for themselves: since the chatbot’s launch in July 2025, it has reached approximately 10,000 users (as of March 2026), with a peak of 2,189 new users in October 2025 alone. Accessibility is easy: just scan the QR code , and a chat opens directly on WhatsApp or Telegram. It doesn’t ask for registration or personal data — use is completely anonymous , in line with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) — and it’s ad-free. Sportellino does not collect any other personal information and never asks for sensitive data. They consciously chose to base this chatbot on an LLM developed by Mistral , a European company that adheres to some of the highest privacy standards in the industry. Furthermore, their server is located in Frankfurt, within the European Union, and all data is processed in full compliance with the GDPR.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 189, "end": 198, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 395, "end": 404, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 435, "end": 441, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}, {"start": 455, "end": 465, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 483, "end": 488, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,189"}, {"start": 502, "end": 514, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 598, "end": 606, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 610, "end": 618, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Telegram"}, {"start": 718, "end": 752, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "General Data Protection Regulation"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1118, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}]}
{"unique_index": 21023, "source_text": "GV: As Global Voices usually reports on people whose voices and experiences are rarely seen in mainstream media, can you share some firsthand examples? RDM: A concrete and particularly representative case: a Nigerian man used the Sportellino chatbot to better understand the situation of labor exploitation he was experiencing, orient himself regarding his rights, and understand what forms of protection were available to him. Subsequently, thanks to the information received, he contacted us, the Sportellino operators, directly by email. From there, we were able to guide him to a local protection network capable of offering him concrete support. The people behind the project recalled the direct impact seen by a group of migrants immediately: When we presented the prototype in a house shared by asylum seekers in the Esquilino neighborhood of Rome, seeing people's enthusiasm and surprise as they tested the trial version for the first time was truly moving. In particular, many were impressed by the fact that Sportellino could respond in Arabic, explaining in simple terms how to prepare for important appointments and where to find free support in their area.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 20, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 850, "end": 854, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rome"}]}
{"unique_index": 21024, "source_text": "It was a moment that made us understand, in a very concrete way, the potential of such a tool. Their team is made up of people from Italy, Morocco, Ukraine, Germany, Argentina, and Senegal. They have built a knowledge base using official regulations, enriching it with practical information gathered from cultural mediators, social workers, and professionals specialized in asylum seekers. The app also informs users about average wait times, required documents, and useful addresses, helping users better prepare for appointments. In this case, AI complements, not replaces, human support. This chatbot can be a powerful force for promoting rights, inclusion, and respect. GV: Talking about Italy, have you ever been contacted by the government to implement Sportellino in official projects? RDM: We are not currently in direct contact with the government, but we are initiating collaborations with various local organizations, including Italian municipalities, departments, Immigration Help Desks, Anti-Violence Centers (CAVs) , startups, associations, local institutions, Sapienza University of Rome, and third-sector organizations committed to facilitating access to rights and services every day. GV: So, for the foreseeable future, will your AI chatbot replace humans or not?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 132, "end": 137, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 139, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 148, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 157, "end": 164, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 166, "end": 175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 181, "end": 188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 692, "end": 697, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 809, "end": 818, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1102, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sapienza University of Rome"}, {"start": 1191, "end": 1200, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}]}
{"unique_index": 21025, "source_text": "RDM: We envision a model in which Sportellino can cover a significant portion of FAQs from foreigners, such as the most recurring and informative ones, while another portion continues to be addressed by physical help desks and operators, who perform invaluable work in the community. In this sense, Sportellino does not replace physical help desks but can become a complementary tool: it helps lighten the burden of simpler and more repetitive requests, allowing operators to devote more time, attention, and care to more complex cases, which require personalized, in-depth human intervention. Another AI chatbot has been launched by the Italian government The Italian Ministry of Labor and Social Policies launched its own chatbot designed for the Migrant Integration Portal on March 5, 2026. The PIM chatbot is a virtual assistant based on generative AI that speaks six languages (Italian, French, English, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese). GV: What do you think about the Ministry of Labor introducing a similar chatbot? RDM: We are aware of the introduction of similar digital tools by institutions, and we consider this, overall, a positive sign: it means that the issues of access to information and digital inclusion are becoming increasingly central.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 661, "end": 706, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Italian Ministry of Labor and Social Policies"}, {"start": 779, "end": 792, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 5, 2026"}, {"start": 868, "end": 871, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 972, "end": 989, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Labor"}]}
{"unique_index": 21026, "source_text": "At the same time, we believe there is an important difference: Sportellino was born from a bottom-up approach, built on the real needs of migrants and with the direct involvement of operators, legal experts, and local communities. This allows us to focus not only on information but also on understanding and support. Furthermore, from what we have observed, the institutional tools available today often have a more specialized and limited function, generally focused on ministerial services, information, and the procedures of a single institution, ministry, or entity. Therefore, while useful, they do not always offer immediate, direct interaction that spans people’s concrete needs in their daily lives. We see Sportellino above all as a first point of access. A person newly arrived in Italy can orient themselves directly via WhatsApp, understand what steps they need to take, and what mistakes they should avoid. Once they have scheduled an appointment with an agency or ministry, they can then receive more detailed guidance through a specialized system on the services of that specific agency.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 393, "end": 398, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 696, "end": 701, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 792, "end": 797, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 833, "end": 841, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}]}
{"unique_index": 21027, "source_text": "Young men, masculinity and states of emergency in the Caribbean\n\nIn many communities across Trinidad and Tobago, the twin-island nation at the southernmost end of the Caribbean archipelago, the presence of the state is highly visible during periods of heightened security, especially as patrols intensify. Under state of emergency (SoE) regulations — as many regional territories have instituted from time to time, for reasons ranging from crime to COVID — search powers expand, and detention without charge becomes permissible. Caribbean leaders generally rationalise states of emergency as responses to serious threats to public safety. Their success is most often assessed in terms of crime reduction and enforcement capacity, with less attention being paid to how such measures intersect with social dynamics, which in turn shape concepts of masculinity, insecurity, and the lived experience of young men. These interventions, of course, do not occur in isolation. Rather, they unfold within communities where expectations about provision, power and respect already influence daily lives and shape how young men experience both vulnerability and power. Why are young men affected?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Young men, masculinity and states of emergency in the Caribbean"}, {"start": 68, "end": 72, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 92, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad and Tobago"}, {"start": 167, "end": 176, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 354, "end": 358, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 529, "end": 538, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1085, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21028, "source_text": "Across the Caribbean, young men are disproportionately affected by violent crime; in fact, they are more likely to be both victims and perpetrators, a pattern consistently highlighted in regional development research. As a result, young men are also the demographic most frequently impacted by security interventions, including those implemented under states of emergency. In Trinidad and Tobago, national research has identified young men in vulnerable communities as being particularly exposed to social exclusion and violence. The UNDP-supported report “No Time to Quit: Engaging Youth at Risk” underscores the structural challenges facing young males and their heightened vulnerability to crime and marginalisation. Structural inequalities play a central role, with limited access to stable employment, educational opportunities and social mobility continuing to shape the trajectories of many young men across the region. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has noted that high youth unemployment and weak economic growth contribute to cycles of crime and exclusion in the Caribbean. In such contexts, insecurity cannot be separated from development challenges. It is clear that economic vulnerability and social marginalisation often overlap with exposures to violence and state enforcement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 20, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 118, "end": 122, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 376, "end": 395, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad and Tobago"}, {"start": 534, "end": 538, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 557, "end": 596, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "No Time to Quit: Engaging Youth at Risk"}, {"start": 893, "end": 897, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 931, "end": 958, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Monetary Fund"}, {"start": 960, "end": 963, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IMF"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1089, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}]}
{"unique_index": 21029, "source_text": "Social expectations about masculinity are central to understanding this interplay. Research supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) highlights how gender norms around male identity influence behaviour and life trajectories among young men navigating inequality and limited opportunity. In many Caribbean societies, men are expected to provide for their families, assert authority and command respect. At times, when legitimate opportunities to fulfil these roles are constrained, alternative pathways — sometimes involving risk or illegality — may emerge. These pressures then shape how young men may interpret opportunity, power and belonging — and states of emergency intersect with these realities in complex ways. Typically, enhanced policing, expanded search powers and detention measures are often concentrated in communities that are already facing socioeconomic vulnerability. As a result, young men from these areas are more likely to encounter the state through enforcement, rather than through services or support. Over time, such interactions can influence perceptions of legitimacy, authority and belonging. Some young men, therefore, experience the state primarily as an instrument of control, while for others it represents protection and stability.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 109, "end": 145, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Development Programme"}, {"start": 147, "end": 151, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 310, "end": 314, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 315, "end": 324, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}]}
{"unique_index": 21030, "source_text": "The outcome often depends on lived experience, and many would contend that it also depends on where they live. Similar patterns occur elsewhere in the region. In Jamaica, for instance, states of emergency have contributed to reductions in violent crime while also prompting concerns about their disproportionate impact on young men in targeted communities. Research from Brazil underscores how policing practices in marginalised urban areas can reinforce cycles of mistrust between young men and state institutions. Impact on development These dynamics underscore a critical point: far from operating in isolation, security policies often intersect with inequality, identity and access to opportunity, shaping how young men and their communities interact with the state. Understanding this relationship is essential for effective citizen security strategies. The UNDP emphasises that sustainable reductions in violence depend on addressing structural drivers such as poverty, exclusion and limited economic prospects, alongside enforcement measures. Across the Caribbean, development initiatives have sought to respond to these challenges. Programmes in countries such as Guyana and Barbados have focused on mentorship, skills development and youth engagement, recognising that long-term violence prevention depends on expanding opportunities and strengthening social inclusion rather than relying solely on policing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 162, "end": 169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 371, "end": 377, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 863, "end": 867, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 951, "end": 958, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1070, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 1172, "end": 1178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Guyana"}, {"start": 1183, "end": 1191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}]}
{"unique_index": 21031, "source_text": "The issue, therefore, is not whether or not states of emergency should exist. In contexts of acute violence, immediate responses may be necessary. The question is how they are situated within broader frameworks that address the root causes of insecurity. When emergency measures operate alongside inclusive social and economic policies, they can contribute to stability; when they operate in isolation, the impact may be limited to short-term relief. Experiences in Medellín, Colombia, demonstrate how combining targeted security interventions with investments in education, infrastructure and social programmes can contribute to opportunities and more enduring improvements in safety. An ongoing conversation In Trinidad and Tobago, as in other parts of the Caribbean, these questions remain unresolved. States of emergency may alter patterns of violence in the short term, but their broader implications depend on how they interact with the social realities that shape insecurity, including how young men understand opportunity, belonging and power. In this sense, security expands beyond mere crime control. It reflects how authority is exercised and how those experiences shape the conditions for inclusive and sustainable development over time.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 466, "end": 474, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Medellín"}, {"start": 476, "end": 484, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 713, "end": 732, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad and Tobago"}, {"start": 759, "end": 768, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}]}
{"unique_index": 21032, "source_text": "On centring the human\n\nI have a complicated relationship with the call to “centre the human” in artificial intelligence. On the surface, it seems like a humanist corrective to the growing mechanisation of life. However, the issue has a complex genealogy. For centuries, countless forms of non‑human intelligence — from animal and ecological systems to ancestral and spiritual intelligences — have been dismissed or subordinated within a hierarchy built around a narrow notion of “the human.” That notion has historically been structured by white supremacy, patriarchy, ableism and cisheteronormativity. It assumes that rational, productive, self‑contained subjectivity is the universal human standard. To centre “the human” in AI often ends up centring that particular template. My discomfort also comes from how the distinction between the natural and the artificial shapes moral boundaries around who or what gets to count as real, embodied, or alive. This distinction has long informed political and cultural forms of othering — not only towards machines or non‑humans, but also toward people whose bodies, genders or abilities are socially coded as “unnatural.” The hierarchy between natural and artificial is therefore not neutral; it is a moral framework that polices the edges of humanity itself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 21, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "On centring the human"}]}
{"unique_index": 21033, "source_text": "When we re‑centre the human in AI, we risk reinstating this hierarchy rather than undoing it. We risk reinscribing the same epistemological borders that determine whose intelligence, creativity or agency matters. What if, instead of recentring the human, we expanded our sense of relating — recognising that intelligence, consciousness and care take multiple, entangled forms across species, systems and technological networks? This does not mean romanticising machines or erasing human experience, but rather acknowledging that we have never been separate from the artificial or the planetary in the first place. At the same time, I understand why the language of “centring the human” has gained traction. The global ecosystem of big tech has indeed overwhelmed collective life, automating cognitive, creative and affective processes that once depended on human labour and cooperation. Since at least 2022, the acceleration of planetary computation has intensified the fear of replacement — not only of jobs, but of meaning, perception and creativity itself. These concerns are real. Automation has become a political and existential force, but to respond by reaffirming the centrality of “the human” may only reproduce the exclusions that made this crisis possible.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 902, "end": 906, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}]}
{"unique_index": 21034, "source_text": "For me, working with AI means engaging with these tensions: reclaiming technology as part of Indigenous, gender-expansive and diasporic sovereignty, while resisting the temptation to fix the human as the ultimate measure of all intelligence. At the book launch for “ All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace ” at Now Instant in Los Angeles, I was asked about my approach to AI and sovereignty. I explained that I am interested in reclaiming the technology and the data that have, for centuries, been extracted from people, especially in relation to culture-specific knowledge, memory, and forms of expression. An art critic asked whether this approach might still risk redeeming the context in which these technologies are produced. At the time, I did not feel I had a fully formed answer. The curator stepped in and spoke about how the exhibition accompanying the book brought together artists engaging queer and decolonial approaches, which helped widen the frame of the conversation. Looking back, I think the difficulty of my response had to do with the limits of dystopian thinking. Too often, conversations about AI remain trapped between denunciation and celebration, as if the only options are total refusal or uncritical embrace.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 267, "end": 311, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace"}, {"start": 317, "end": 320, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 891, "end": 898, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21035, "source_text": "But the use of these technologies today is far more complex than that. Contemporary AI images belong to a much longer story about how pictures shape our sense of what is real. For a long time, photographs and broadcast media were treated as anchors of reality: they stabilised events, fixed them in time, and offered something like a shared reference point. Today, that stabilising function has inverted. The ease with which images can be generated, edited and circulated means they no longer ground reality; they unsettle it. AI-generated pictures, videos and voices intensify this crisis of the real. They are not merely a new style of representation but a new regime of plausibility: they do not just depict the world; they “compete” with it. The result is a strange double movement: on one hand, images are everywhere, saturating attention; on the other, trust in images as evidence erodes. We live inside a surplus of visuality and a deficit of verification. This also means that the politics of images can no longer be separated from the infrastructures that produce them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 39, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 358, "end": 363, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 790, "end": 793, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21036, "source_text": "“Data” and “content” are not abstract, frictionless entities; they are the outcome of labour, extraction and energy use. Training contemporary AI systems involves harvesting enormous amounts of cultural material artworks, voices, gestures, landscapes — often without consent — and concentrating them into statistical models that can be queried on demand. Those models live on servers that draw electricity, water and minerals from specific territories, even as the interfaces they present feel weightless and placeless. This tension becomes especially visible in the context of social media. The platforms that once promised connection have collapsed intimacy and visibility into a cycle of constant production. Now, in the age of generative AI, we are witnessing a flood of images and videos that seem to lack rigour, intention or even authorship — creations optimised not for meaning, but for engagement. The line between art and content feels increasingly thin. What circulates most widely is not necessarily what asks questions or proposes new forms, but what can be replicated, shared and consumed at scale. In this environment, creativity itself is often reduced to output — a quantifiable presence in the feed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 712, "end": 715, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21037, "source_text": "Yet I believe artists will continue to create regardless. Artistic practice has always adapted to technological shifts, and moments of overproduction can also provoke new forms of discernment. The proliferation of AI-generated imagery may invite more critical, embodied ways of seeing: to ask what constitutes attention, what carries intention, and how to distinguish works of imagination from the churn of content. It might even challenge us to redefine artistic rigour in ways that include collaboration with AI systems rather than rejection of them. For me, this is where possibility lives. The task is not to lament the loss of a human-centred art world, but to ask what art can become when creation is dispersed among multiple intelligences — human, machine, ecological, ancestral. Maybe what we need now is less a defence of “the human” and more an expansion of what we mean by creativity, intimacy and relation in times of planetary computation. Against this backdrop, the question of ethics in AI art and creative practice is not only about what images show, but how they come into being and are consumed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 21, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 806, "end": 809, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21038, "source_text": "For me, the most promising paths forward lie in two linked gestures. First, in the situated creation of datasets: instead of scraping the world indiscriminately, building smaller, intentional archives that are grounded in relationships, consent and accountability. Second, in imagining alternate forms of data consumption that do not depend on endless scale and environmental erosion. This might mean privileging models that are smaller and slower, tuned to specific communities rather than planetary markets. It might mean interfaces that invite repetition and depth instead of infinite scroll, or works that foreground their own limits rather than pretending to be exhaustive views of the world. In that sense, the crisis of the real is also an invitation. If images no longer reliably stabilise reality, they can instead become tools for negotiating it more consciously. Artists and designers working with AI are in a position to prototype what that negotiation might look like: to treat datasets as gatherings rather than mines, models as guests rather than gods, and images as occasions for relation rather than proof.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 48, "end": 51, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 874, "end": 881, "label": "JOB", "value": "Artists"}, {"start": 886, "end": 895, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21039, "source_text": "The challenge is to invent practices where the statistical logics of machine learning are bent toward care, not extraction — where the ways we make and use images are as attentive to the health of worlds as they are to the seduction of surfaces. Working with AI, I try to approach these systems not as neutral tools or adversaries, but as unstable collaborators — reflections of our histories, architectures and biases. This means engaging them critically while refusing the demand to reject them outright. For those of us whose cultures, data and knowledge have been extracted for centuries, reclaiming technology becomes a form of sovereignty, not surrender. It is a way to insist that the story of intelligence — and of art — is far from complete. Following Ruha Benjamin’s thinking, we must always make space for imagination along with dismantling systems. If we don’t dream and create the worlds we want to inhabit, we are truly doomed. Creating those worlds might be messy, but that’s the point of the task.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21040, "source_text": "The Chinese lesson on the human rights approach to AI\n\nAs one of the countries most infamous for using AI for surveillance and restricting citizens’ freedom , China cannot offer a direct answer to how to develop a human rights approach to AI. Yet, its open embrace of AI technology and its ambitions for dominance in the global AI market can serve as a case study for the burgeoning relationship between the private sector and the state, the machine and society. In February 2026, a Spanish engineer, Sammy Azdoufal , found that he could take control of 7,000 smart vacuums, view real-time footage from people’s homes, and listen to the surrounding sound via the machines’ live cameras, and pinpoint the exact location of the households through their IP addresses simply by reverse engineering the connection between his newly purchased DJI Romo vacuum and his PlayStation gamepad. While the mainland Chinese company fixed the security breach in no time, the incident highlights how easily AI-powered surveillance technology could penetrate into our daily lives and the risks it poses.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 53, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Chinese lesson on the human rights approach to AI"}, {"start": 159, "end": 164, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 466, "end": 479, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 491, "end": 499, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineer"}, {"start": 501, "end": 515, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sammy Azdoufal"}, {"start": 554, "end": 559, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7,000"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1055, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21041, "source_text": "Universal threats accompany AI surveillance and war technology The aforementioned smart vacuum is unavailable in the U.S. market because its manufacturer, DJI, was designated a “ Chinese military company ” in 2022 and was added to the Pentagon’s blacklist due to national security concerns. Against this backdrop, discussions about AI-powered surveillance technology and the threats that accompany it have largely been limited to China, but this technology is universal, affecting people worldwide. China is indeed a forerunner in leveraging sophisticated surveillance technologies to bolster its repressive governance, and has even exported the toolset to other authoritarian states, as has been widely documented by international media outlets . The Chinese experience, both in the so-called social management of Uyghurs in Xinjiang , China, and the nationwide COVID-19 control system , shows the world that human monitoring in the name of grid management and the application of surveillance technology — facial recognition , a social credit system , geolocation , and online data tracking — work in tandem to maintain a grassroots policing environment that successfully pre-empts possible destabilizing acts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 117, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 209, "end": 213, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 430, "end": 435, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 499, "end": 504, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 772, "end": 776, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 826, "end": 834, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Xinjiang"}, {"start": 837, "end": 842, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 21042, "source_text": "The Orwellian reality shows that when equipped with a powerful AI engine, the state can consolidate its power at the expense of individual freedom of assembly, expression, and movement. The global market of repressive technology Such advanced repressive technology has a market reach beyond imagination. In China, AI-powered facial recognition systems have been used to issue jaywalking and illegal parking tickets, process payments online and offline , and monitor students’ classroom performance , among others. While democratic states are skeptical of the Chinese application of AI surveillance, such views merely push them to purchase similar AI tools from non-Chinese sources. The U.K. police, for example, have recently bought the AI-powered facial recognition technology used by Israeli intelligence to identify and track Palestinian civilians passing through Gaza. The 50 AI facial recognition machines will be deployed nationwide to identify and track individuals on the U.K. police’s watchlist. In the U.S., AI technology has also been used in the massive surveillance and arrest of undocumented immigrants and the recent war against Iran . On the digital front, AI’s impact on the media and information ecosystem has been devastating.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 307, "end": 312, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 686, "end": 690, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.K."}, {"start": 877, "end": 879, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 980, "end": 984, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.K."}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1016, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 1144, "end": 1148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 21043, "source_text": "The built-in censorship and political bias of China-made generative AI, DeepSeek, in spreading a pro-China narrative has been widely reported. At the same time, Western generative AIs are also handy for spreading propaganda across the internet. As revealed by OpenAI’s transparency reports , Russian and Chinese information operators have used ChatGPT to analyze public opinion and tailor content to their target audiences. Recently, amid the U.S.–Israel war on Iran, war propaganda, in the form of AI-generated deepfake videos , has also flooded major social media platforms. A minority of disinformation operators can now manipulate the majority’s perception of reality thanks to their AI assistants. The need to rebalance power China also has a vital lesson for the world on AI governance. Since 2022, it has rolled out a series of laws and regulations, including the Algorithmic Recommendation Provisions (2022), Deep Synthesis Management Provisions (2023), Generative AI Interim Measures (2023), and AI Labeling Measures (2025), to prevent the illegal and malicious use of AI and to ensure that machine-generated content aligns with China’s socialist core values.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 72, "end": 80, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "DeepSeek"}, {"start": 101, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 260, "end": 266, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenAI"}, {"start": 344, "end": 351, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}, {"start": 443, "end": 447, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 448, "end": 454, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 462, "end": 466, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 620, "end": 623, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 731, "end": 736, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 799, "end": 803, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 910, "end": 914, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 955, "end": 959, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 994, "end": 998, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1031, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1138, "end": 1143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 21044, "source_text": "User rights regarding personal data protection, consent, and access have been fairly addressed, with additional requirements for corporate responsibility to enhance algorithmic transparency and non-discriminatory, non-addictive measures. Yet, as the aim of the laws is to protect national security, public order, and political ideology, there is no restriction on state power. On Chinese social media, it is not uncommon to see users complaining that they had the police knocking at their doors simply because they bought something suspicious, such as a drone for taking photos. The social credit system, together with online censorship, a grid management system and other social control system, tracks users’ online activity records, including financial transactions, social connections, and speech, and restricts their access to digital and public services, such as online payment systems and travel purchases , when their credit scores are low and subsequently listed on the Chinese courts’ “judgement of dishonest persons list”. The duties imposed by the laws on the corporate sector seem sound and fair.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21045, "source_text": "Yet, there are very few independent civil society organizations to monitor the private sector and ensure that technology companies have indeed implemented the protective measures required by law. As a result, security breaches and personal data leaks due to poorly designed AI products, such as the DJI Romo Vacuum, have persisted in recent years. In 2025, a major data breach exposed the records of billions of Chinese users , including names, ID numbers, passwords, and financial and banking details linked to their social media accounts. These records could be exploited by scammers to plot against the individuals involved. Despite all the security risks, mainland Chinese citizens have been quick to embrace emerging technology, particularly AI. The latest example, which took place in early March across major Chinese cities, is the rush to install OpenClaw , an AI bot coded by Austrian programmer Peter Steinberger that integrates with other LLMs such as DeepSeek and Claude, runs on a local computer, and stores data locally. Jumping on the trend, other Chinese firms, including Tencent, ByteDance, and Xiaomi, rolled out similar products.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 23, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 351, "end": 355, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 400, "end": 408, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "billions"}, {"start": 855, "end": 863, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "OpenClaw"}, {"start": 894, "end": 904, "label": "JOB", "value": "programmer"}, {"start": 905, "end": 922, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Peter Steinberger"}, {"start": 963, "end": 971, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "DeepSeek"}, {"start": 976, "end": 982, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}]}
{"unique_index": 21046, "source_text": "Such tech fanaticism, driven by both the Chinese government’s policy to integrate advanced technology into the economy and people’s anxiety about being left behind amid rapid tech innovation, turns people into fans and followers of a Leviathan, to which people feed their time, energy, desires, ideas, and data with no idea about who controls it and where it might lead them. Even though transparency and consumer rights protection have been written into Chinese AI laws, the human rights protection remains flat, as people are unaware of their rights and the potential harms that come with the abusive and malicious use of the technology. Instead, most mainland Chinese citizens, in the absence of choice, have accepted surveillance technology, such as the omnipresence of facial-recognition security cameras, as a normal and convenient feature of public life. The mechanism for change is blocked. We can see in the Chinese AI dystopia that people are not in control of the technology, but they are subjected to a regime that sees technology as a means to expand and consolidate the state’s political and economic power.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 32, "end": 36, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21047, "source_text": "It shows us that the core of the human rights approach to AI should aim at rebalancing the power among the corporate-state, the machine, and the people through a decision-making framework that places people back at the center, and unwinding tech fanaticism through human-oriented research and public deliberation, reflective cultural practices, and humanity education. Oiwan Lam is a regional editor at Global Voices covering news about East Asia. Ibrahim Kizza is a visual artist, designer, and illustrator whose work explores human connection, identity, and culture. His illustrations are defined by bold compositions, expressive colour, and a strong narrative focus, often centring Black life and lived experience. Working across editorial and digital spaces, he creates art and illustrations that balance simplicity with emotional depth, using contrast and symbolism to communicate complex ideas with clarity. For this project, Ibrahim develops a visual response to the tension between artificial and human connection, reinforcing the value of lived experience and collective creativity in an increasingly automated world. Beyond illustration, his interests span design, sport, and film, which continue to inform his visual language and storytelling.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 369, "end": 378, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oiwan Lam"}, {"start": 393, "end": 399, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 403, "end": 416, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 437, "end": 446, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "East Asia"}, {"start": 448, "end": 461, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ibrahim Kizza"}, {"start": 474, "end": 480, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 482, "end": 490, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}, {"start": 932, "end": 939, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ibrahim"}]}
{"unique_index": 21048, "source_text": "Bosnian rock band Dubioza Kolektiv satirizes blind trust in artificial intelligence\n\nThe Bosnian band Dubioza Kolektiv has released a new song named “Yebiga,” (a common expletive similar to “Screw that,” translated as “What the hell” in the subtitles). The song offers a sharp and funny critique of society’s growing dependence on artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic decision-making, enabling a technocracy — (in the sense of rule by tech billionaire oligarchs) — instead of democracy. Known for blending humor, political commentary and catchy rhythms, this internationally popular band continues its tradition of addressing contemporary issues through satire. In the past, they have confronted media overload , democratic backsliding , migration to the US , online music piracy , Balkan stereotypes , the reality TV industry , the Flat Earth conspiracy theory , and more. This time, they are focusing on the embrace of technology and the erosion of independent thinking.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bosnian rock band Dubioza Kolektiv satirizes blind trust in artificial intelligence"}, {"start": 102, "end": 118, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dubioza Kolektiv"}, {"start": 150, "end": 156, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Yebiga"}, {"start": 763, "end": 765, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}]}
{"unique_index": 21049, "source_text": "They published the video of the song in Bosnian, with English and Spanish subtitles: The opening describes the rise of a digital brotherhood in which Elon Musk, Peter Thiel and Jeff Bezos symbolize the arrival of technocracy, setting the tone for a critique of systems increasingly governed by algorithms. In the chorus, the band ironically celebrates a world where AI replaces books and thinking altogether: A.I. baš nas briga ne treba nam više knjiga AI, svi smo isti ne moramo više mislit’ AI, we don’t care go and throw the books away (we don’t need books anymore) AI, we’re the same we don’t need to use our brains (we don’t need to think anymore) Through repetition and deliberately simplistic phrasing, the lyrics mimic the very mindset they criticize — one that prioritizes convenience over critical engagement. The song’s central refrain, “AI is the boss now; there’s no going back…what the hell!” captures a sense of resignation toward technological dominance, while the use of humor and colloquial language underscores the absurdity of surrendering human agency to machines.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 150, "end": 159, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elon Musk"}, {"start": 177, "end": 187, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jeff Bezos"}, {"start": 864, "end": 867, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21050, "source_text": "In another verse, the band contrasts physical labor with automated thinking, suggesting a world where humans perform routine tasks while machines make decisions: Čovjek fizikaneri, nek’ razmišlja mašina Ako mene pitaš ‘vako mi je draže Radim tačno ‘nako kako “kompijuter” kaže Humans do the labor, we will let machines think. If you ask me, I prefer it much better this way — I just do whatever mighty computer says This portrayal reflects broader concerns about algorithmic authority, echoing debates about automation, digital platforms, and the societal impact of artificial intelligence. Reviving Yugoslav comedy gold The music video, directed by Vedran Mujagić, reinforces these themes through a playful yet unsettling visual narrative, featuring exaggerated characters and scenes that highlight conformity and passive acceptance of technological control. The video features the funny character Đipalo Junuz, played by Zenit Đozić , and the fictional invention HEPEK — a device composed of a log and electronic circuits.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 899, "end": 911, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Đipalo Junuz"}]}
{"unique_index": 21051, "source_text": "Both were introduced in the legendary sketch comedy show “ Top Lista Nadrealista ” (“ The Surrealists’ Top Chart” ) or TLN for short, produced by TV Sarajevo between 1984 and 1991, and widely regarded as one of the most influential satirical shows in Yugoslav pop culture. Part of the subcultural “New Primitivism” art movement, TLN was like a local version of “ Monty Python's Flying Circus .” Many of its sketches, including HEPEK, became cultural memes decades before the internet. During the tensions that led to Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, HEPEK was satirically presented as a device that helped resolve conflicts — everything from kindergarten disagreements and disputes between neighbors over a cow’s grazing ground, to frustrations with bureaucracy and inter-ethnic tensions in parliament : In the first such sketch from 1990 , using pseudo-technical and exaggerated bureaucratic language, the character Đipalo Junuz explains that HEPEK is an invention developed in the supposed new technology center of Čeljigovići, which in reality was — and still is — a small rural village in the Bosnian mountains near Sarajevo.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 80, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Top Lista Nadrealista"}, {"start": 146, "end": 157, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "TV Sarajevo"}, {"start": 166, "end": 170, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1984"}, {"start": 175, "end": 179, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 538, "end": 543, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990s"}, {"start": 829, "end": 833, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990"}, {"start": 912, "end": 924, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Đipalo Junuz"}]}
{"unique_index": 21052, "source_text": "He claims that the villagers had invented “the splitting of atoms, artificial insemination and the Hrkljuš ,” a fictional sport that also became a meme . Other sketches present the villagers as “economically and educationally” challenged: they use non-elite language, dress in old clothes, and live in modest homes. In the words of Đipalo Junuz: HEPEK, to ti je ko ono, kod situacija kada si čoek ono nešto na živčanom sistemu, ono nekako pobudali, kada se natakari na tebe, ti na njega djeluješ hepekom i situacija za čas se smiri. Znači kada se on natakari na tebe, ti ga hepekiraš i situacija se smiri. HEPEK, it's like that, in situations where you have done something to a person’s nervous system, you have somehow aroused it to become crazy, when he attacks you, you act on him with HEPEK and the situation calms down in an instant. So when he turns on you, you HEPEK him and the situation calms down. In the new Dubioza Kolektiv video, different situations and dilemmas involving the use of AI are solved by applying the upgraded version of HEPEK; the song ends with the signature “HEPEK sound.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 332, "end": 344, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Đipalo Junuz"}, {"start": 919, "end": 935, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dubioza Kolektiv"}]}
{"unique_index": 21053, "source_text": "This approach of reintroducing cult TV comedy elements resonated with the band’s audience: the YouTube version got over one and a half million views in a month, which is a lot for a song from the Western Balkans. Dubioza Kolektiv has built a reputation across the region and beyond for tackling political and social issues — from nationalism and corruption to conspiracy theories and media manipulation. Their previous work has often intersected with disinformation themes, using satire to expose flawed logic and manipulative narratives. With “Yebiga,” the band shifts its focus to a different but related domain: the risks of outsourcing critical thinking to opaque technological systems. In a region where media literacy and information integrity remain key challenges, such cultural interventions play an important role in encouraging audiences to reflect on their relationship with technology. By framing complex issues through humor and accessible language, Dubioza Kolektiv once again demonstrates how popular culture can contribute to public awareness — this time by asking a simple but urgent question: “What happens when we stop thinking for ourselves?”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 95, "end": 102, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 120, "end": 142, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one and a half million"}, {"start": 204, "end": 211, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Balkans"}, {"start": 213, "end": 229, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dubioza Kolektiv"}, {"start": 964, "end": 980, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dubioza Kolektiv"}]}
{"unique_index": 21054, "source_text": "Friends no more: How Kyrgyzstan’s ruling tandem crumbled overnight\n\nIn February 2026, Kyrgyzstan’s ruling tandem, consisting of the president Sadyr Japarov and the former Chief of the State Committee of National Security (UKMK) Kamchybek Tashiyev, crumbled in several days and came to an abrupt end. This marked the end of a political era that began in October 2020, when Japarov and Tashiyev came to power following violent protests over rigged parliamentary elections, agreeing to informally share power and spheres of influence. The president emerged victorious in what appears to have been a hidden power struggle ahead of the presidential elections in 2027, whereas Tashiyev was dismissed from his powerful post, and his entourage was purged from the state structures. These events marked the end of the decades-long political alliance and declared friendship. The most important implication of them parting ways is for the future, as questions linger about what Kyrgyzstan will be like without the heavy-handed former security chief who had a hand in almost everything taking place in the country.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 66, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Friends no more: How Kyrgyzstan’s ruling tandem crumbled overnight"}, {"start": 71, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 86, "end": 96, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 132, "end": 141, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 142, "end": 155, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sadyr Japarov"}, {"start": 184, "end": 220, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Committee of National Security"}, {"start": 222, "end": 226, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UKMK"}, {"start": 238, "end": 246, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 260, "end": 272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "several days"}, {"start": 353, "end": 365, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2020"}, {"start": 372, "end": 379, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 384, "end": 392, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 536, "end": 545, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 657, "end": 661, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 671, "end": 679, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 968, "end": 978, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21055, "source_text": "A scandalous letter What seems to have set the falling-out in motion was the letter signed by a group of 75 public activists, former top-level government officials, and scientists to Japarov, in which they asked the president to hold the presidential elections in 2026 instead of 2027. It came out on February 9, 2026, and noted that Japarov was elected in 2021 under the old constitution, which set the presidential term at five years. In contrast, the new constitution, adopted after Japarov’s election, set this term at six years, creating a legal conundrum, according to the letter’s authors. The only solution, they argued, was to hold the presidential elections in 2026 and end legal debates. In addition, the letter offered an assessment of Japarov’s five years of presidency, highlighting his achievements and shortcomings, and adding that “the first stage of the activities of the current top leadership of Kyrgyzstan has been logically completed.” Interpreting the letter as pressure, Japarov removed Tashiyev from his post as the UKMK chief on February 10, 2026, suggesting he viewed his former ally as the mastermind behind the letter.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 105, "end": 107, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 115, "end": 124, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 169, "end": 179, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientists"}, {"start": 183, "end": 190, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 216, "end": 225, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 264, "end": 268, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 280, "end": 284, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 301, "end": 317, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 9, 2026"}, {"start": 334, "end": 341, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 357, "end": 361, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 425, "end": 435, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years"}, {"start": 486, "end": 493, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 523, "end": 532, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six years"}, {"start": 588, "end": 595, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 671, "end": 675, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 748, "end": 755, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 758, "end": 768, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years"}, {"start": 916, "end": 926, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1002, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1019, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 1055, "end": 1072, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 10, 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 21056, "source_text": "Indeed, in Kyrgyzstan’s political context, where power was monopolized by these two figures, it is unlikely that anyone other than Tashiyev would dare make such a move. Read more: Kyrgyzstan’s security chief is on a mission to solve every problem in the country After returning from Germany to Kyrgyzstan, where he was undergoing medical treatment at the time of his dismissal, Tashiyev became utterly powerless, removed from all the government posts he held. Commenting on Tashiyev’s dismissal, Japarov revealed that he had met with the former police chief and told him : “Rest, friend, take care of your health, be calm.” Later, he urged people not to turn the whole thing into a drama and stated: Nothing will happen [after Tashiyev’s removal]. There’s no need to turn this issue into a tragedy. It will be even better than before. Life won’t stop. If one friend leaves, I have more than 7 million friends behind me. Our people and our blessed state are most precious to me.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 21, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 80, "end": 83, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 131, "end": 139, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 180, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 283, "end": 290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 294, "end": 304, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 378, "end": 386, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 474, "end": 482, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 496, "end": 503, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 727, "end": 735, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 855, "end": 858, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 891, "end": 900, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21057, "source_text": "Falling dominoes Since Tashiyev’s removal, a long list of top-level government officials and parliament members have stepped down, been dismissed, or been arrested, exposing the significant influence he held over the political life. Like dominoes, the members of his loyalist network came falling down, one after another. First, all his deputies and heads of the two biggest regional UKMK departments, Bishkek (capital) and Osh, were removed, clearing space for new leadership. The newly minted UKMK chief, Zhumgalbek Shabdanbekov, announced his department would conduct an internal investigation , which resulted in seven employees being dismissed, 83 being relieved of their positions, and six being removed from the list of potential political candidates . He vowed to depoliticize UKMK’s work and noted the committee “is not a personal body created for a specific individual,” taking a jab at his predecessor. In addition, UKMK was weakened through restructuring that removed control over state borders and the security of top-level state officials. As a result, two new government bodies were formed : the State Border Service and the State Security Service under the President’s Office.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 31, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 303, "end": 306, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 363, "end": 366, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 507, "end": 530, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Zhumgalbek Shabdanbekov"}, {"start": 617, "end": 622, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}, {"start": 650, "end": 652, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "83"}, {"start": 692, "end": 695, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1070, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1111, "end": 1131, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Border Service"}, {"start": 1140, "end": 1162, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Security Service"}, {"start": 1173, "end": 1191, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "President’s Office"}]}
{"unique_index": 21058, "source_text": "The so-called “ cadre cleansing ” at UKMK was just the beginning. What followed were numerous dismissals and appointments of new officials. The affected state bodies included the Interior Ministry, Prosecutor General’s Office, Ministry of Transport and Communication, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Emergency, Health Ministry, Water and Industry Ministry, Justice Ministry, and Ministry of Education. Additionally, Japarov appointed new mayors in four major cities, including the second-largest city of Osh, where Tashiyev’s close ally and friend, Jenishbek Toktorbayev, was removed from his post. The parliament was not immune to purges either. By mid-March, eight parliament members, affiliated with Tashiyev, gave up their mandates , including the speaker, Nurlanbek Turgunbek uulu, and Tashiyev’s brother, Shayirbek Tashiyev, who was eventually arrested and placed under temporary detention . Tashiyev has remained completely silent throughout these purges, appearing in public only twice, first at the Eid prayer and then at the election of the new president of Kyrgyzstan’s Football Union , where Tashiyev relinquished another role. Unclear future Tashiyev’s own future remains unclear but looks somewhat grim. There are hints that he may face prosecution for his alleged transgressions and abuse of power.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 179, "end": 196, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Interior Ministry"}, {"start": 198, "end": 225, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Prosecutor General’s Office"}, {"start": 227, "end": 266, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Transport and Communication"}, {"start": 268, "end": 297, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Natural Resources"}, {"start": 299, "end": 320, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Emergency"}, {"start": 322, "end": 337, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Health Ministry"}, {"start": 339, "end": 366, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Water and Industry Ministry"}, {"start": 368, "end": 384, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Justice Ministry"}, {"start": 390, "end": 411, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Education"}, {"start": 427, "end": 434, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 449, "end": 455, "label": "JOB", "value": "mayors"}, {"start": 459, "end": 463, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 515, "end": 518, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Osh"}, {"start": 526, "end": 534, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 672, "end": 677, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 714, "end": 722, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 802, "end": 810, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 822, "end": 840, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shayirbek Tashiyev"}, {"start": 909, "end": 917, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 1066, "end": 1075, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1089, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1106, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Football Union"}, {"start": 1115, "end": 1123, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 1166, "end": 1174, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}]}
{"unique_index": 21059, "source_text": "Following his departure from UKMK, the State Tax Service released an investigation , claiming Tashiyev’s relatives and close associates built corruption schemes and benefited from the sale of state oil. The estimated damage to the state is USD 45.7 million. The ongoing criminal investigation has already placed his brother, former deputy Shayirbek, under detention on corruption charges. Here is a YouTube video explaining the investigation. The irony is that Tashiyev became famous for his anti-corruption campaign, called “kusturizatsiya,” a term derived from the Kyrgyz word “kusturuu” (to purge). Politicians and businessmen charged with corruption were forced to compensate for the damages caused to the state. UKMK decided on the amount and released offenders in an extrajudicial process without the involvement of courts. Read more: Kusturizatsiya: One word that explains Kyrgyzstan’s fight against economic crimes According to Sharshenbek Abdykerimov, a fugitive businessman who was subjected to kusturizatsiya, the process was fully arbitrary. He revealed that the deal with the state was for him to compensate USD 20 million in property. However, Tashiyev allegedly changed his mind and demanded USD 30 million in cash instead.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 39, "end": 56, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "State Tax Service"}, {"start": 94, "end": 102, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 244, "end": 256, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45.7 million"}, {"start": 339, "end": 348, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shayirbek"}, {"start": 399, "end": 406, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 461, "end": 469, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 602, "end": 613, "label": "JOB", "value": "Politicians"}, {"start": 857, "end": 860, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 880, "end": 890, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 936, "end": 959, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sharshenbek Abdykerimov"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1135, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20 million"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1166, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 1211, "end": 1221, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21060, "source_text": "Additionally, Abdykermov claimed one of his expropriated properties was assessed below market price and transferred to individuals associated with Tashiyev’s wife. Abdykerimov is not alone in his allegations. Within two weeks of Tashiyev’s dismissal, around 500 complaints were filed against UKMK employees from businessmen and state officials, suggesting widespread abuse of power during Tashiyev’s reign. With his entourage purged from the state and law-enforcement bodies, Tashiyev remains politically paralyzed, forcing him to accept whatever ultimatum and/or offer the president puts forward, at least for now. Reconciliation with Japarov is not off the table, but it seems unlikely at this point. Their falling-out serves as a reminder of the political instability that has plagued Kyrgyzstan since 1991, when it gained independence from the Soviet Union. Since then, Kyrgyzstan has witnessed three revolutions : in 2005, 2010, and 2020. Should they manage to settle their differences peacefully, Japarov will be set to consolidate his rule even further and approach presidential elections in 2027 with full confidence. Kyrgyzstan’s tumultuous political history warns against making forecasts and suggests waiting and seeing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 147, "end": 155, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 164, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abdykerimov"}, {"start": 216, "end": 225, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two weeks"}, {"start": 229, "end": 237, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 258, "end": 261, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 389, "end": 397, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 476, "end": 484, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tashiyev"}, {"start": 574, "end": 583, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 611, "end": 614, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 636, "end": 643, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 788, "end": 798, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 805, "end": 809, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 848, "end": 860, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Soviet Union"}, {"start": 874, "end": 884, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 899, "end": 904, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 922, "end": 926, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2005"}, {"start": 928, "end": 932, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 938, "end": 942, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1010, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Japarov"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1103, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21061, "source_text": "Australia’s Budj Bim features one of the world’s oldest aquaculture systems\n\nAustralia has one of the world’s oldest aquaculture sites, a controlled aquatic farming environment, where eels were farmed by Indigenous people for thousands of years. Scientists estimate one of the five systems is around 6,600 years old, based on carbon-dating findings. The Budj Bim eel farms’ cultural landscape in western Victoria was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019. Budj Bim is a dormant volcano with ancient basalt lava flows. It was the first site inscribed on the UNESCO list for its cultural significance alone. This video was produced by the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation at the time of its nomination: The Gunditjmara are the traditional Indigenous owners of the land. They resisted white colonization and dispossession in the hard-fought frontier Eumerella Wars from the 1830s to the 1860s. Many lived on a Church of England mission near Lake Condah from the 1890s till the 1950s. This hand-drawn map of the Lake Condah area and fish trap systems was produced by Alexander Ingram in 1893: TikTok user, westvicbrolga, recently posted a video of a Budj Bim tour led by Gunditjmara man, Joey Saunders: Local Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation conducts guided tours of the eel traps and stone houses.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Australia’s Budj Bim features one of the world’s oldest aquaculture systems"}, {"start": 77, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 226, "end": 235, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 246, "end": 256, "label": "JOB", "value": "Scientists"}, {"start": 277, "end": 281, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 302, "end": 315, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "600 years old"}, {"start": 354, "end": 362, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Budj Bim"}, {"start": 430, "end": 436, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}, {"start": 460, "end": 464, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 466, "end": 474, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Budj Bim"}, {"start": 567, "end": 573, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}, {"start": 647, "end": 704, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation"}, {"start": 906, "end": 911, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1830s"}, {"start": 919, "end": 924, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1860s"}, {"start": 926, "end": 930, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 942, "end": 959, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Church of England"}, {"start": 973, "end": 984, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lake Condah"}, {"start": 994, "end": 999, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1890s"}, {"start": 1009, "end": 1014, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1950s"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1054, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lake Condah"}, {"start": 1118, "end": 1122, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1893"}, {"start": 1124, "end": 1130, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 1181, "end": 1189, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Budj Bim"}, {"start": 1219, "end": 1232, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joey Saunders"}, {"start": 1234, "end": 1273, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Local Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation"}]}
{"unique_index": 21062, "source_text": "The Tae Rak Aquaculture center at Lake Condah has many stone holding tanks for eels, and visitors can have an eel tasting in their bush tucker cafe. The discovery of the traps has helped to correct misconceptions about pre-colonial Indigenous peoples as being only nomadic hunter-gatherers. Ian J. McNiven, Professor of Indigenous Archaeology at Monash University explained the new findings in an article in The Conversation: Rather than living passively off whatever nature provided, the Gunditjmara actively and deliberately manipulated local water flows and ecologies to engineer a landscape focused on increasing the availability and reliability of eels. Manipulation of the landscape involved stone structures (such as traps and channels) dating back at least 6,600 years. Eel aquaculture facilities (ponds and dam walls) pre-date contact with Europeans by many hundreds (and possibly thousands) of years. The remains of approximately 300 stone-walled structures, which may have been houses, have also been found near the eel traps. They could provide evidence of permanent occupation before European contact. One of the world’s oldest creation stories also stems from Budj Bim, explaining the origins of the iconic volcano:", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 45, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lake Condah"}, {"start": 50, "end": 54, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 307, "end": 316, "label": "JOB", "value": "Professor"}, {"start": 346, "end": 363, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Monash University"}, {"start": 574, "end": 582, "label": "JOB", "value": "engineer"}, {"start": 765, "end": 776, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "6,600 years"}, {"start": 862, "end": 875, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many hundreds"}, {"start": 890, "end": 899, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 940, "end": 943, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}, {"start": 1174, "end": 1182, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Budj Bim"}]}
{"unique_index": 21077, "source_text": "From blooms to bytes: Will Kenya’s data center boom repeat the ‘Greenhouse Effect’?\n\nBetween the late 1980s and early 2000s, Kenya experienced a massive influx of polythene greenhouse technology led by multinationals such as DCK, Oserian, and Aquila Farm . Naivasha became the epicenter of this floral revolution because of its unique geographic advantages and proximity to Lake Naivasha , which provided the fresh water needed for large-scale greenhouse irrigation. This polythene greenhouse technology allowed farmers to control humidity and temperature , making it possible to grow high-quality roses, which have become Kenya’s primary floral export, thereby making Naivasha the “rose capital” of the world. Workers’ rights violations While polythene greenhouse technology by multinationals promised economic salvation and provided thousands of jobs, it simultaneously ignited long-standing disputes and faced persistent allegations of workers’ rights violations, health concerns, environmental concerns, and tax evasion and avoidance. These long-standing disputes led to increased pressure from international fair-trade bodies and local activists to enforce stricter compliance and ensure that Kenya’s “flower basket” benefits the local economy, workers, and the environment as much as it does the exporters.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "From blooms to bytes: Will Kenya’s data center boom repeat the ‘Greenhouse Effect’?"}, {"start": 97, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1980s"}, {"start": 112, "end": 123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 2000s"}, {"start": 125, "end": 130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 374, "end": 387, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lake Naivasha"}, {"start": 512, "end": 519, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 623, "end": 628, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 835, "end": 844, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 1141, "end": 1150, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1198, "end": 1203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}]}
{"unique_index": 21078, "source_text": "Today, the rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is triggering a global “scramble” for infrastructure, mirroring the expansion of polythene greenhouse corporations. Tech giants like Google , Meta , and Microsoft are intensifying data center construction across countries in the Global Majority , attracted by abundant land, cheap resources, and lax regulatory environments that often disregard the core tenets of local rights and justice. History is repeating itself in Naivasha , Kenya, with a new industrial wave of data center construction sweeping through the same region as tech giants like Microsoft and G42 are embarking on a USD 1 billion “green” data center project in Olkaria, Naivasha. This new wave of industrial construction in Naivasha, marketed as the “backbone of the digital economy,” mirrors the earlier floral boom. They are also offering familiar pledges of job creation and technological growth, but evading scrutiny regarding land rights, environmental rights, digital rights and sovereignty, tax justice, labor, and human rights.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 189, "end": 195, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 198, "end": 202, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 209, "end": 218, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 477, "end": 485, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Naivasha"}, {"start": 488, "end": 493, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 603, "end": 612, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 617, "end": 620, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 644, "end": 653, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1 billion"}]}
{"unique_index": 21079, "source_text": "Social actors in the Global Minority are already sounding the alarm on how data centers “guzzle” water and violate communities’ labor rights . Are data centers a boon for Kenya’s economy, or are they going to abuse Kenyan citizens’ rights? The construction of data center infrastructure in Kenya is a double-edged sword. While these data storage facilities are often marketed as the “backbone of the digital economy,” their physical presence introduces significant risks related to land rights, water exploitation, labor abuses and violation, tax evasions and avoidance and the deepening of existing inequalities. Also, the rapid construction of data centers might entrench a new form of digital colonialism just as the cut-flower industry sparked debates over land rights, labor conditions, environmental sustainability and tax justice in Kenya. The parallel between the polythene greenhouses of the 1980s and the high-tech server farms of today suggests that without rigorous oversight, the promise of a digital future may come at the same heavy cost to human rights and environmental justice as the floral exports that preceded it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 171, "end": 176, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 290, "end": 295, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 840, "end": 845, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 901, "end": 906, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980s"}, {"start": 941, "end": 946, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21080, "source_text": "The construction of Microsoft and G42 ’s data center has raised several questions in the minds of many Kenyan activists and citizens: Will Microsoft and G42 pay land rates and rents at the same scale as ordinary Kenyans for the Olkaria site, or will they be granted exemptions? Who will carry the burden of the massive water and electricity consumption required for these facilities ? Will the burden fall on the Kenyan taxpayer or the corporations themselves? Will the local economy be bypassed through “tax holidays” and profit-shifting maneuvers that drain the local economy? How will the storage of sensitive national data be protected when the infrastructure is controlled by foreign entities like the US and UAE ? While Microsoft is registered in the US, specifically incorporated in the state of Washington, with its global headquarters in Redmond, Washington, G42 is a prominent artificial intelligence and cloud computing holding company registered and headquartered in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). G42 has a massive strategic partnership with Microsoft, which recently invested USD1.5 billion in the company.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 29, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 34, "end": 37, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 64, "end": 71, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 98, "end": 102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 110, "end": 119, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 139, "end": 148, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 153, "end": 156, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 707, "end": 709, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 726, "end": 735, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 757, "end": 759, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 803, "end": 813, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Washington"}, {"start": 868, "end": 871, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 979, "end": 988, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Abu Dhabi"}, {"start": 990, "end": 1010, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Arab Emirates"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1021, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1072, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 1103, "end": 1112, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5 billion"}]}
{"unique_index": 21081, "source_text": "In the context of the Kenya project, G42 often acts as the regional infrastructure lead, while Microsoft provides the software and cloud platform (Azure). The Microsoft and G42 data center in Olkaria, Naivasha, is being built on land owned by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). The project is located within the KenGen Green Energy Park , a 342-hectare (845-acre) industrial zone situated at the Olkaria geothermal fields. This park was established by KenGen to allow industrial investors to set up facilities near the source of geothermal power for a direct and sustainable energy supply. By building on KenGen’s land, the data center can be powered entirely by renewable geothermal energy produced on-site. While the land is KenGen’s, the facility itself is a collaborative investment between Microsoft and G42, in partnership with the Kenyan Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy. Will Microsoft and G42 pay land rates and rents at the same scale as ordinary Kenyans for the Olkaria site after acquiring land for free?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 27, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 37, "end": 40, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 95, "end": 104, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 159, "end": 168, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 173, "end": 176, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 247, "end": 283, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kenya Electricity Generating Company"}, {"start": 328, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "KenGen Green Energy Park"}, {"start": 811, "end": 820, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 825, "end": 828, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 854, "end": 884, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kenyan Ministry of Information"}, {"start": 931, "end": 940, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 945, "end": 948, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}]}
{"unique_index": 21082, "source_text": "Impact on Kenya’s revenue-generating systems Kenya and the UAE are signatories to a Double Taxation Agreement (DTA), a bilateral treaty designed to foster trade by ensuring companies are not taxed twice on the same income. Traditionally, these “tax peace treaties” allocate taxing rights between the country where the income is generated (the source state) and the country where the company is headquartered (the residence state). The Kenya-UAE DTA was signed in 2011. While Kenya maintains a standard corporate tax rate of 30 percent , the UAE is a significantly lower-tax jurisdiction, with rates historically ranging from 0 percent to 9 percent (following their 2023 corporate tax reforms). This disparity creates a significant fiscal challenge. Under the treaty, a firm like G42, which serves as a regional infrastructure lead and is headquartered in the UAE, can utilize the DTA to minimize its Kenyan tax exposure. Specifically, profits generated from Kenyan operations can be moved to the UAE through payments for services, royalties, or interest, a practice known as profit shifting.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 15, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 45, "end": 50, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 84, "end": 109, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Double Taxation Agreement"}, {"start": 111, "end": 114, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "DTA"}, {"start": 435, "end": 448, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kenya-UAE DTA"}, {"start": 463, "end": 467, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2011"}, {"start": 475, "end": 480, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 524, "end": 526, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 625, "end": 626, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0"}, {"start": 638, "end": 639, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9"}, {"start": 665, "end": 669, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 779, "end": 782, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 880, "end": 883, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "DTA"}]}
{"unique_index": 21083, "source_text": "The DTA often lowers the withholding tax rates on these outward payments, effectively “shifting” the tax base from Kenya’s 30 percent environment to the UAE’s lower-tax regime, reducing withholding tax. This mechanism leaves the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) with a diminished tax base, as the primary taxing rights for a UAE-resident company often lean toward its home jurisdiction rather than where the physical infrastructure is located. The Kenyan power sector operates like a relay race, where electricity is “passed” from production to the final consumer through three distinct stages: generation, transmission, and distribution. KenGen handles the generation phase, creating power that is then transported across the country via the Kenya Electricity Transmission Company Limited ( KETRACO ’s) high-voltage transmission lines. Finally, Kenya Power acts as the sole distributor, purchasing this energy to retail it directly to the public. As G42 and Microsoft construct their power-hungry data centers within the KenGen Green Energy Park, they will likely bypass the Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC) to source electricity directly from the producer.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 7, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "DTA"}, {"start": 115, "end": 120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 123, "end": 125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 229, "end": 252, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kenya Revenue Authority"}, {"start": 254, "end": 257, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "KRA"}, {"start": 569, "end": 574, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 740, "end": 786, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kenya Electricity Transmission Company Limited"}, {"start": 843, "end": 848, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 948, "end": 951, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 956, "end": 965, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1043, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "KenGen Green Energy Park"}, {"start": 1073, "end": 1105, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kenya Power and Lighting Company"}, {"start": 1107, "end": 1111, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "KPLC"}]}
{"unique_index": 21084, "source_text": "While this direct-supply model offers efficiency for the investors, it raises a critical question: will Kenya as a whole benefit or lose when such large-scale projects do not contribute to the national distributor’s revenue? Kenya Power (KPLC) relies on large industrial customers to “subsidize” the cost of providing cheap electricity to rural and residential homes. When the biggest consumers (like data centers) bypass KPLC, the utility loses its most profitable customers. If KPLC loses its high-paying industrial revenue, it may be forced to increase tariffs for ordinary Kenyans to cover its fixed operational costs. A cost burden to ordinary Kenyan citizens. Direct deals mean that the money goes straight to KenGen. While this helps KenGen expand, it doesn't necessarily help KETRACO or KPLC modernize the aging “middle-track” grid that serves the rest of the country, leading to grid stagnation. Hidden cost to the Kenyan taxpayer Like many multinational corporations operating in Kenya, it is highly probable that the G42 and Microsoft data centers in Olkaria will utilize structured labor models, such as independent contracting, third-party outsourcing, and Professional Employer Organizations (PEOs), to manage their human resources.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 104, "end": 109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 225, "end": 230, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 945, "end": 949, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 990, "end": 995, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1031, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1045, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}]}
{"unique_index": 21085, "source_text": "If G42 and Microsoft adopt these models, the Kenyan government risks losing out on traditional “paycheck tax” revenue that is vital to the national budget. Specifically, if thousands of workers are categorized as contractors rather than employees, the state misses out on direct contributions to the Social Health Insurance Fund (SHIF), as well as the 1.5 percent affordable housing levy and tiered National Social Security Fund(NSSF) contributions, both of which require employer matching. These outsourced models shift the entire statutory burden to the worker, often resulting in lower compliance and smaller total contributions to the state. This creates a “Double Bypass” effect: when direct power supply (bypassing Kenya Power’s revenue) is combined with outsourced labor (bypassing the PAYE and levy pools), the project risks becoming an economic “enclave” that operates within Kenya’s borders without fully nourishing the local ecosystem. The paradox of ‘green energy’ While the G42/Microsoft project is celebrated for its use of “green” geothermal energy, it faces a significant challenge of aquifer depletion. Large-scale data centers act as “giant radiators,” requiring massive amounts of fresh water for their cooling systems.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 6, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 11, "end": 20, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 173, "end": 182, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 300, "end": 328, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Social Health Insurance Fund"}, {"start": 330, "end": 334, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SHIF"}, {"start": 352, "end": 355, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5"}, {"start": 399, "end": 428, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Social Security Fund"}, {"start": 429, "end": 433, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NSSF"}, {"start": 450, "end": 454, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 721, "end": 726, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 885, "end": 890, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 987, "end": 990, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "G42"}, {"start": 991, "end": 1000, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}]}
{"unique_index": 21086, "source_text": "To prevent thousands of servers from overheating, these facilities typically rely on evaporative cooling, a process that “consumes” water by converting it into steam. In the semi-arid region of Olkaria and the nearby Lake Naivasha basin, water is a finite and precious resource. If the project relies on this basin, it will create an immediate resource conflict, competing with local small-scale farmers and Kenya’s multi-billion-shilling flower industry. Furthermore, the project will risk being labeled as “green washing” if its water consumption exceeds the basin’s natural replenishment rate. Even the use of boreholes poses a threat; excessive extraction can lower the water table, drying up local wells and reducing the water available for domestic use and livestock. Data centers don’t just “consume” water; they often degrade it. Even when water isn’t evaporated, the “blowdown” water (the leftover mineral-heavy water) sometimes requires careful treatment before being returned to the environment to avoid thermal pollution or chemical runoff. The paradox of “green energy” is that geothermal power is carbon-neutral, but the cooling requirements for AI infrastructure can be ecologically expensive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 20, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 194, "end": 201, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Olkaria"}, {"start": 217, "end": 230, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lake Naivasha"}, {"start": 396, "end": 403, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 408, "end": 413, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}]}
{"unique_index": 21087, "source_text": "A lack of electricity and internet access hinders AI adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa\n\nIn the global artificial intelligence (AI) race, a fundamental reality affects much of Sub-Saharan Africa. Electricity cuts off several times a day, affecting computer power supplies, and internet connections cost over a quarter of a month’s salary, affecting access to online AI models. Although the emergence of AI has shaken up established industries and catapulted the world into a new technological era, this revolution is two-fold. The transformation it’s meant to bring to the world is more evident in the Global North than the Global South. Every day, leading tech companies announce the launch of new, increasingly powerful models, while Western governments debate complex regulations. In mainstream narratives, the world that AI seeks to transform also remains disproportionately Western. Africa struggles to keep up and embrace this revolution. The continent has a population of over 1.5 billion, more than half of whom live in rural areas that often lack electricity. AI adoption, therefore, encounters two structural obstacles before any algorithmic or data issue: electricity and internet access. Electricity: An invisible and hindering prerequisite In the 21st century, some people still live without electricity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A lack of electricity and internet access hinders AI adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 172, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 213, "end": 220, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 304, "end": 313, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "a quarter"}, {"start": 620, "end": 632, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}, {"start": 634, "end": 643, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every day"}, {"start": 884, "end": 890, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 980, "end": 991, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5 billion"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1007, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 1100, "end": 1103, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1252, "end": 1268, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 21st century"}]}
{"unique_index": 21088, "source_text": "According to the International Energy Agency data , in 2025, almost 600 million Africans lacked access to electricity . Although this figure accounts for 43 percent of the African population, 85 percent of these people are in Sub-Saharan Africa. This disparity shows that, despite ongoing efforts, electricity coverage remains incommensurate with demographic growth, which exceeds the rate of electrification. Unequal access to electricity makes these disparities even more evident. While countries like South Africa, Ghana, and Kenya have higher rates of electrification, other countries like Niger, Chad, and South Sudan have very low rates. In these countries, more than 80 percent of the population lives in areas without reliable access to electricity. Even in countries with more advanced electricity supplies, the quality remains uncertain. Power outages in South Africa and Côte d’Ivoire are daily realities that affect businesses, hospitals, and households alike. Interviewed during the World Governments Summit in Dubai, in February 2026, Walid Sheta, president of Schneider Electric Middle East and Africa, explained the matter to Africanews : Le vrai défi est de coordonner gouvernements, entreprises et partenaires financiers pour électrifier chaque territoire avec une solution adaptée.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 44, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Energy Agency"}, {"start": 55, "end": 59, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 68, "end": 79, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "600 million"}, {"start": 154, "end": 156, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "43"}, {"start": 192, "end": 194, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "85"}, {"start": 226, "end": 244, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 504, "end": 516, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 518, "end": 523, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 529, "end": 534, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 594, "end": 599, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 601, "end": 605, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chad"}, {"start": 611, "end": 622, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Sudan"}, {"start": 674, "end": 676, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80"}, {"start": 865, "end": 877, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 900, "end": 905, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1047, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1060, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Walid Sheta"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1071, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1105, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Middle East"}, {"start": 1110, "end": 1116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21089, "source_text": "The real challenge is bringing together governments, companies, and financial partners to electrify each region with tailored solutions. The fact that Africa doesn’t benefit from the wide range of solutions AI offers to many of the continent’s challenges is a major problem. A profound irony lies in the paradox that countries that would gain the most from AI are often those with the least means of accessing it. Various AI tools and platforms specializing in agriculture, medicine, finance, tech, and more require continuously operating smart devices, servers accessible 24/7, and stable networks. These prerequisites are lacking in many regions. Despite these fundamental shortcomings, and while a large proportion of the population experiences daily power outages, African governments and leading tech companies continue to announce national AI strategies, innovation hubs, and partnerships with Google and Microsoft. Folli Herbert Amouzougan, IT specialist and internet governance and digital policy expert in Togo, describes the gap between the political rhetoric surrounding AI and the basic infrastructure reality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Je qualifierai d'aberrant ce décalage entre les discours politiques sur l'IA et la réalité des infrastructures de base en Afrique subsaharienne.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 151, "end": 157, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 635, "end": 639, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 748, "end": 753, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 900, "end": 906, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 911, "end": 920, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 922, "end": 946, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Folli Herbert Amouzougan"}, {"start": 951, "end": 961, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1019, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21090, "source_text": "Je pense que ces déclarations sont semblables à un saut dans le vide et qu'il ne sert à rien de mettre la charrue avant les bœufs. Il m'est inconcevable de réaliser n'importe quelle prouesse technologique dans un pays sans assainir et stabiliser le secteur énergétique prioritairement et doter le pays en question d'infrastructures de base: un réseau électrique efficace, efficient et opérationnel couvrant au moins 95% du territoire. L'on ne peut construire une tour (IA) sans la bonne fondation (infrastructure énergétique et de connectivité). I would say the gap between the political rhetoric surrounding AI and the basic infrastructure reality in Sub-Saharan Africa is untenable. I believe these pronouncements are like leaping into the unknown, and there’s no point getting ahead of ourselves. Achieving any technological feat in a country without first improving and stabilizing the energy sector and equipping it with basic infrastructure, such as an efficient and functional electricity grid that covers at least 95 percent of the country, is inconceivable to me. You cannot build a tower (AI) without a solid foundation (energy and connectivity infrastructure).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 416, "end": 418, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95"}, {"start": 652, "end": 670, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1024, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95"}]}
{"unique_index": 21091, "source_text": "Expensive and slow internet connectivity Although electricity is the first obstacle that innovative projects encounter, poor-quality internet access delivers the fatal blow. Both elements are inextricably linked. While internet penetration in Africa is growing , bandwidth quality and speed remain another challenge Africans face. In 2024, Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 75 percent of the world’s expansion in mobile internet coverage. Yet, the continent’s internet penetration rate in rural areas remains among the lowest in the world. Internet quality poses particular problems for AI users. Its high latency makes the user experience frustrating and renders it unusable for real-time applications. Connection stability has become another crucial factor. Work sessions with AI tools that cut off every 10 minutes due to signal instability aren’t feasible for serious professional use. That said, in suburban and rural areas, this type of disruption remains the norm rather than the exception. Aside from the gross access rate, the relative cost of connectivity is of great concern. In many Sub-Saharan African countries, 1 GB of mobile data can cost between 2 and 10 percent of the average monthly income, making intensive use of cloud-based AI applications completely unaffordable for most.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 174, "end": 178, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 243, "end": 249, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 334, "end": 338, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 340, "end": 358, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 373, "end": 375, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 806, "end": 816, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 minutes"}, {"start": 1089, "end": 1093, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1126, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 1162, "end": 1170, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2 and 10"}, {"start": 1194, "end": 1201, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}]}
{"unique_index": 21092, "source_text": "Practical consequences Infrastructural constraints put Sub-Saharan Africa’s startups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) wishing to incorporate AI into their workflows at a competitive disadvantage. We must first resolve the OpenAI API access issues before taking the next step. In practice, this disadvantage results in higher costs, VPN connections, expensive mobile data usage, longer lead times, and, sometimes, a complete inability to access the most advanced tools on the global market. AI is also expected to transform education through personalized learning, virtual tutors, automated assessments, and the generation of educational resources. However, all these promises require reliable internet access in educational establishments. According to UNESCO, the vast majority of primary and secondary schools in Sub-Saharan Africa are not connected to the internet. Under such circumstances, educational inequalities are likely to worsen further. Students in major connected cities will therefore benefit from educational AI tools, while those in rural areas will miss out. Solar energy: A promising but partial solution Due to a lack of centralized electricity grids, off-grid solar energy has emerged as an alternative solution in many rural areas.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 235, "end": 241, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenAI"}, {"start": 766, "end": 772, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}, {"start": 828, "end": 846, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 1249, "end": 1253, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21093, "source_text": "Companies like M-Kopa in Kenya and Bboxx in several Eastern and Western African countries enable households without grid access to access solar energy through solar panels and pay-as-you-go systems. However, these solutions have their AI limitations. Small solar panels effectively power lamps, mobile phones, and even small household appliances, but cannot continuously power high-performance computers, Wi-Fi routers, and local servers required to run AI models locally. With AI meant to redefine access to knowledge, health, employment, and governance, connectivity is no longer just about convenience, but also about fairness and fundamental rights. As long as millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa don’t have access to reliable electricity or affordable internet, the rhetoric on “AI for all” will remain meaningless. While solutions such as solar energy, undersea cables, offline AI models, and targeted public and private investments exist, what’s missing is a political and economic commitment to addressing these challenges. Not only will Google DeepMind and Anthropic laboratories decide the future of AI, but also Niger’s classrooms without electricity, the Republic of the Congo’s rural health centers, and Nairobi’s startups that are innovating despite the constraints and creativity they entail.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 44, "end": 51, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 665, "end": 673, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 687, "end": 705, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 1051, "end": 1057, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 1128, "end": 1133, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 1172, "end": 1193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Republic of the Congo"}]}
{"unique_index": 21094, "source_text": "The digital crown: Reclaiming human dignity in the age of AI\n\nAI, like any other technology, is built for people and meant to be used by people. From a human rights perspective, the closest idea that shapes my view of AI comes from a concept my civics teacher taught me: democracy is government of the people, by the people, and for the people. In the same way, AI guided by human rights should embody these principles and be “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” Such an approach ensures that technology supports human dignity, freedom and well-being, rather than undermining them. It places human beings at its core and reflects the realities of human life. Human-centred AI should embed humanity as the foundation upon which systems are designed, built, used and governed. Regardless of who someone is, where they live, what they believe, or how they choose to live their life, AI should treat everyone with fairness and dignity. With this in mind, there are several important ways we can create and foster a human rights-based approach to AI.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The digital crown: Reclaiming human dignity in the age of AI"}, {"start": 252, "end": 259, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 976, "end": 983, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21095, "source_text": "Human rights in practice Anchored in human rights law and practice, I am fascinated by how the idea of “human rights” developed over time. In ancient history, early human rights laws were created to prevent those in power from mistreating others. One of the earliest examples is the Cyrus Cylinder (539 BC), which records King Cyrus the Great freeing slaves and declaring that people had the freedom to choose their own religion. During the Middle Ages, another milestone emerged with the Magna Carta in England, when rebels forced King John to accept that no one, not even the king, was above the law. This introduced the important concept of due process. In the 1700s, philosophers like John Locke argued that people possess natural rights simply because they are human, not because rulers grant them. These ideas influenced the United States’ Declaration of Independence (1776), which declared that all men are created equal, and France’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), which recognised individuals as citizens rather than as subjects of a king. After the horrors of World War II, the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 283, "end": 297, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cyrus Cylinder"}, {"start": 299, "end": 302, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "539"}, {"start": 322, "end": 326, "label": "JOB", "value": "King"}, {"start": 327, "end": 342, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Cyrus the Great"}, {"start": 532, "end": 536, "label": "JOB", "value": "King"}, {"start": 537, "end": 541, "label": "PERSON", "value": "John"}, {"start": 578, "end": 582, "label": "JOB", "value": "king"}, {"start": 664, "end": 669, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1700s"}, {"start": 689, "end": 699, "label": "PERSON", "value": "John Locke"}, {"start": 831, "end": 844, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 875, "end": 879, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1776"}, {"start": 933, "end": 939, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 995, "end": 999, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1789"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1076, "label": "JOB", "value": "king"}, {"start": 1117, "end": 1121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1948"}]}
{"unique_index": 21096, "source_text": "It later inspired two binding treaties, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), collectively known as the International Bill of Human Rights , which continues to shape laws and societies today. Human rights have been the base and continue to be the base on which other laws, including the constitutions of nations, are shaped and have a greater influence on how AI should be built and governed. We can and should approach the regulation of AI by taking into account the fundamental rights we have been advocating for centuries. Here, I offer an overview of this approach, considering five non-negotiable rights: The right to life and liberty, human-centred For AI to adhere to human rights, it must protect the right to life and liberty, which in this sense must never ignore the human-in-the-loop aspect. This includes putting human urgency as key, but also having human oversight. This aspect condemns the usage of AI in militarisation, given its power to perpetuate inhumane acts, including genocide.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 21, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 212, "end": 246, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "International Bill of Human Rights"}, {"start": 293, "end": 298, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 690, "end": 694, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}]}
{"unique_index": 21097, "source_text": "AI needs to be built, used and governed in a manner that broadly follows a holistic safety approach that protects life and people’s freedom. The right to equality, algorithmic fairness and anti-bias The right to be treated the same as everyone else, regardless of race, gender or religion. Where AI treats all as equal, there are power imbalances in its design that need to be addressed. This starts from the data that trains the AI models to access and use AI-enabled infrastructures, such as compute power and frameworks. AI builders and/or regulatory frameworks/stakeholders need to be aware of systemic and structural biases in their datasets that could lead to exclusion of demographics of society, and seek to counter them through approaches that are inclusive and justice-oriented. One way to do this is by performing bias audits on training data, developing feedback loops and documenting to embody the principles of ethical and responsible AI that is explainable, accountable, transparent and fair. The right to speak freely This is often at risk in the age of AI-driven social media, search engines and generative AI.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 789, "end": 792, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}]}
{"unique_index": 21098, "source_text": "Users have a right to know why certain information is being promoted to them and why other information is being hidden, but this is often not the case. With major languages mainstreamed and others not given the platform, more and more of speech is being limited, even blocked by robots and algorithms. AI is increasingly also being used to curb free speech, with bots and online trolls rising. It needs to be created with the belief that people have a right to speech. The right to essentials, equitable access and resource allocation AI can optimise how we distribute food, manage power grids, and provide remote health care. Human-centred AI ensures these benefits don't just go to the wealthiest nations or individuals. The main question to ask ourselves at this point is whether AI is being used to make essentials more affordable and accessible, or is it creating a digital divide where only those with high-speed tech get the best services? To ensure equity, inclusive design must be at the centre of how AI is built, used and governed.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21099, "source_text": "The right to privacy, data sovereignty and consent AI is built of data, but there should be guardrails to how much data and what data it can use. It needs to prioritise data minimisation techniques like differential privacy, where noise is added to data so individuals can’t be identified, or federated learning, where you train AI on your device without your data ever leaving it. We must push for users to have the right to be forgotten by the AI. We must remember that privacy is a gateway right; without it, we cannot have freedom of expression or assembly. Without privacy being part and parcel of AI, we risk mass surveillance and even identity theft. If an AI system violates any of these five rights, there must be a legal way to seek redress. By grounding AI in the right to life, equality, speech, essentials and privacy, we ensure it serves as a mirror of our highest values, rather than a magnifier of our oldest biases. It is we, humans, who give AI purpose and urgency. The struggle for human rights has always been about shifting power from the few to the many, and today, the field is digital with tools such as AI.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 696, "end": 700, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1086, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21100, "source_text": "The children who learn war before they learn the world\n\nIt was the end of 2023 when images from Gaza began to fill our television screens. I found myself returning to them again and again: the ruins, the sirens, the unbearable stillness of small bodies wrapped in white. The scale of destruction was immense. But what lingered were the faces of children — some gone, others injured, many too young to understand why their world had collapsed overnight. News reports spoke in numbers — casualties, statistics — but behind those numbers were stories that refused to leave the room even after the television was switched off. This is no longer a reality confined to conflict zones. In an age of constant connectivity, children across the world are being exposed to war in real time, through screens, conversations and the ambient anxiety of the adults around them. This article argues that such exposure is quietly reshaping childhood, even for those far removed from the battlefield.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 54, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The children who learn war before they learn the world"}, {"start": 74, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 383, "end": 387, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21101, "source_text": "I would often sit with my wife, discussing what we had just seen, trying to process a grief that did not belong to us, yet somehow did. And in all of this, I missed something important. I have two daughters. My elder one is nearly 15, old enough to understand the language of conflict. My younger one, just six, still lives in a world where questions are simple, and answers are expected to reassure. They were in the room more often than I realized — watching, listening, absorbing. At first, their reactions were subtle. A question here, a glance there. “Why are they crying?” my younger one once asked, pointing at the screen. I offered an answer that felt safe, something incomplete, something designed to protect. But children do not just hear words; they read faces, tones and silences. What I thought I had softened, they had already understood in their own way. Then, more recently, the distance between “there” and “here” began to collapse. As tensions involving the United States, Israel and Iran intensified, the tone of the news shifted.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 193, "end": 196, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 231, "end": 233, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 590, "end": 593, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 976, "end": 989, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 991, "end": 997, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1006, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 21102, "source_text": "It was no longer just about another place. Reports mentioned the Gulf. Alerts flashed across screens. Words like “missiles” and “drones” entered everyday conversation, not as distant vocabulary, but as possibilities. Schools closed. The rhythm of daily life paused. And then came the moment that altered everything: the realization that Qatar, where we live, along with other Gulf countries, could itself be at risk. The headlines I had once consumed with a degree of separation were now unfolding uncomfortably close to home. I saw the fear before it was spoken. My elder daughter tried to remain composed, but her questions returned, faster this time, sharper. “Will it happen here?” “Are we safe?” There was no easy way to answer without confronting a truth I myself did not fully know. My younger one did not ask. She held on. A sudden sound made her flinch. A notification drew her attention instantly. The sky, once just an open expanse, had become something to watch carefully as if it could change without warning. It was then I understood what I had failed to see all along.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 61, "end": 69, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "the Gulf"}, {"start": 247, "end": 252, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 337, "end": 342, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Qatar"}, {"start": 484, "end": 487, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 801, "end": 804, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21103, "source_text": "War does not need to reach your doorstep to enter your home. It arrives quietly, through a screen, through a headline, through conversations not meant for young ears. And by the time it feels real, it has already settled into the minds of children, shaping fears they do not yet have the words to explain. Research in child psychology has long shown that repeated exposure to violence, whether direct or mediated, can influence how children perceive safety and stability. In today’s 24-hour media environment, where graphic images and breaking alerts are constant, the boundary between distant conflict and personal reality is increasingly blurred. What was once filtered now arrives unmediated, often without the emotional tools needed to process it. We often measure war in terms of territory, power and political outcomes. But there is another cost, less visible and far more enduring. It is carried in the questions children begin to ask, in the silences they grow into and in the way they start to see the world, not as a place of possibility, but as something uncertain.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 475, "end": 480, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 672, "end": 675, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21104, "source_text": "Childhood is meant to be a time of discovery — when the sky is just the sky, not something to fear. When loud sounds are moments of excitement, not signals of danger. When the world feels large, but safe. For many children today, that sense of safety is being quietly eroded. Some lose it in the direct shadow of conflict. Others lose parts of it from a distance, through repeated exposure, through unanswered questions, through a growing awareness that the world is not as secure as it once seemed. This raises difficult questions for parents, educators and media institutions alike. How much exposure is necessary for awareness, and when does it become overwhelming? Are we equipping children to understand what they see, or simply expecting them to absorb it? In trying to stay informed, we may be underestimating how deeply these moments settle in young minds. We cannot shield children from reality forever. Nor should we pretend that the world is untouched by conflict.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 209, "end": 213, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 223, "end": 228, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21105, "source_text": "But somewhere between awareness and exposure, there is a line we are failing to draw, a line between informing and overwhelming, between preparing and frightening. Because when a child begins to fear the sky, something fundamental has already been lost. The sky was never meant to be a source of anxiety. It was meant for clouds that change shape, for birds that cross without borders, for stars that arrive quietly at night. Not for missiles. Not for drones. And yet, for many children today, the sky is no longer a place of wonder, but a question mark, something they look at not with curiosity, but with caution. And perhaps that is the most lasting damage of all — not what war destroys in the moment, but what it quietly rewrites for the future. Because long after the noise fades, these children will remember one thing: They learned to be afraid of the sky before they ever learned to fully understand the world beneath it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 473, "end": 477, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 487, "end": 492, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 816, "end": 819, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21106, "source_text": "This Earth Day, meet some of the Caribbean’s national birds\n\nAt Global Voices, we’re often amazed at how seemingly random things remind us of how interconnected we are. Last year, it was the quality and symbolism of light ; this year, after our Venezuelan contributor Estefanía Salazar shared a photo of the country's stunning national bird — the Venezuelan Troupial (Icterus icterus) — much to the delight of the rest of us in the region, it’s birds. Not only do our feathered friends travel long distances with no consideration for the risks posed by man-made borders, but they also share our spaces , contribute to the well-being of our environment — even as their habitats are threatened by development , hunting and more — and, because they move so effortlessly between earth and sky, are powerful symbols of freedom and transformation. According to the president of BirdLife Jamaica , Justin Saunders, “Birds, and especially our national birds, represent the resilience, pride, and significance of our countries and of the Caribbean region as a whole.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "This Earth Day, meet some of the Caribbean’s national birds"}, {"start": 64, "end": 77, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 169, "end": 178, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last year"}, {"start": 224, "end": 233, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 268, "end": 285, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Estefanía Salazar"}, {"start": 859, "end": 868, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 881, "end": 888, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1038, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}]}
{"unique_index": 21107, "source_text": "Though we are small island nations, we continue to have an outsized impact, and birds reflect that strength and identity in a powerful way. They also remind us of how interconnected we are across the region […] Birds are one of the few parts of nature that are truly accessible to almost everyone, regardless of age, background, or even disability, and that unifying quality is part of what makes them so meaningful to the people of [the] Caribbean.” This Earth Day, we offer you a glimpse at some of the region’s favourites… Antigua and Barbuda’s magnificence The national bird of these small islands is the Magnificent frigatebird ; in fact, Barbuda is home to the largest frigatebird colony in the western hemisphere. Locally, they are called “Weather birds” — whenever they circle inland, this behaviour is often interpreted as a reliable warning that a storm is approaching. Excellent hunters, fishermen often observe them to locate the best fishing grounds.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 232, "end": 235, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 439, "end": 448, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 526, "end": 545, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Antigua and Barbuda"}]}
{"unique_index": 21108, "source_text": "Posing prettily in The Bahamas A perfect match for its blue waters and white sand beaches, the national bird of The Bahamas is the Caribbean flamingo ( Phoenicopterus ruber ), and its Inagua National Park , established in 1965, boasts the largest breeding site of Caribbean flamingos in the world — about 70,000 — quite an impressive figure, considering the species was once considered in danger of extinction. The popular pelican Various regional nations have adopted the Brown pelican ( Pelicanus occidentalis ) as their national bird, including Barbados , St. Kitts and Nevis , the Turks and Caicos , and St. Maarten, where it adorns the respective countries’ coat of arms . The bird can also be seen perched atop the crest of the University of the West Indies. Up until the 1950s, there was a small island off Barbados’ west coast, aptly named “ Pelican Island ” after the brown pelicans that nested there in large numbers. However, the waters between Barbados and Pelican Island were reclaimed to build the Bridgetown Deep Water Harbour, and today, you only get rare glimpses of them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 30, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bahamas"}, {"start": 116, "end": 123, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bahamas"}, {"start": 131, "end": 140, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 184, "end": 204, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Inagua National Park"}, {"start": 222, "end": 226, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1965"}, {"start": 264, "end": 273, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 305, "end": 311, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70,000"}, {"start": 548, "end": 556, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 778, "end": 783, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1950s"}, {"start": 814, "end": 822, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 850, "end": 864, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pelican Island"}, {"start": 956, "end": 964, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1041, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bridgetown Deep Water Harbour"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1052, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21109, "source_text": "In St. Maarten, meanwhile, the main pelican nesting site at Fort Amsterdam has been showing declining numbers . Phenomenal parrots Dominica, widely known as “The Nature Island,” has a national bird found nowhere else. Known as the Imperial amazon (Amazona imperialis) or Dominican amazon parrot, fondly called the sisserou by locals, it is unfortunately a critically endangered species , with a current population trend of just 40-60 mature parrots in the wild. Their numbers have been declining due to threats such as habitat loss, climate change, and hunting. St. Lucia also has a parrot as its national bird — its namesake, the Saint Lucia amazon (Amazona versicolor). Endemic to the island, it is considered a vulnerable species . Locals call it the Jacquot and, as one birdwatching blog recalls , the bird was in rapid decline in the 1970s because of hunting, until local environmentalists launched an awareness campaign and started going into schools dressed as parrots: “Their aim was to stress to pupils that the bird should be honoured, not hunted.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 131, "end": 139, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominica"}, {"start": 162, "end": 175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nature Island"}, {"start": 428, "end": 433, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40-60"}, {"start": 631, "end": 642, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saint Lucia"}, {"start": 770, "end": 773, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 839, "end": 844, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}]}
{"unique_index": 21110, "source_text": "The following year, the country’s parliament passed a law making it illegal to kill the St. Lucia parrot. Such an offence is now considered unthinkable and comes with a hefty fine and jail time. St. Vincent and the Grenadines’ parrot of choice is the indigenous Amazona guildingii , or St. Vincent parrot , which struggled in the wake of the 2021 Soufrière volcano eruption . It is currently listed as vulnerable , though the date of that assessment preceded the series of volcanic eruptions . The bird, locally called “Vincie,” is regarded as a national treasure . More endemic species Grenada is another regional territory whose national bird, the Grenada dove (Leptotila wellsi), is native to the island where it lives. Sadly, it is also listed as critically endangered . The most recent assessment in 2021 determined the presence of just 136–182 mature birds in the wild. Its numbers are being compromised by development and the negative impacts of the climate crisis, including pollution and invasive species. Many Grenadians have been trying to save the dove, citing its ecological significance and its role in heritage and national pride.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 18, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "following year"}, {"start": 125, "end": 128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 342, "end": 346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 382, "end": 391, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 587, "end": 594, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Grenada"}, {"start": 650, "end": 657, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Grenada"}, {"start": 805, "end": 809, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 842, "end": 849, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "136–182"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1019, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21111, "source_text": "Haiti also honours a species endemic to the island of Hispaniola — the Hispaniolan trogon (Priotelus roseigaster) — as its national bird, underscoring the unique biodiversity of the species and the need to preserve it. Despite threats to its habitat, the Kanson wouj (“Red underpants”), as it is called in Haitian Kreyòl, is currently a species of least concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, contributing to Haitians’ perception of the trogon as a symbol of resilience . The bird is often depicted in Haitian art and folklore. Jamaica’s ‘Doctor Bird’ When Jamaica gained its independence from Britain in 1962, the country’s National Birds Act declared the Red-billed streamertail (Trochilus polytmus) — the most common of Jamaica’s hummingbird species — as the national bird, thanks to both its endemic status and its popularity. Jamaicans fondly refer to this hummingbird as “ Doctor Bird .” It has been the topic of many a Jamaican folklore tale and folk song, and forms a significant part of the island’s cultural identity .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 54, "end": 82, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hispaniola — the Hispaniolan"}, {"start": 325, "end": 334, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 369, "end": 415, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Union for Conservation of Nature"}, {"start": 419, "end": 423, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IUCN"}, {"start": 592, "end": 599, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 603, "end": 609, "label": "JOB", "value": "Doctor"}, {"start": 621, "end": 628, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 658, "end": 665, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Britain"}, {"start": 669, "end": 673, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1962"}, {"start": 689, "end": 707, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Birds Act"}, {"start": 787, "end": 794, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 851, "end": 855, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 943, "end": 949, "label": "JOB", "value": "Doctor"}, {"start": 983, "end": 987, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21112, "source_text": "Twin islands, two birds At the southernmost end of the Caribbean archipelago, Trinidad and Tobago may be one nation, but it has two national birds — Trinidad’s Scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber) and Tobago’s Rufous-vented chachalaca (Ortalis ruficauda), commonly called the Cocrico, after the sound of its call. Both species enjoy a current status of least concern . As BirdCaribbean Executive Director Lisa Sorenson told Global Voices via WhatsApp, “Caribbean birds, especially our endemic species, connect people to place, culture, and nature. The Caribbean is home to 185 endemic bird species; by protecting [them] and their habitats, we safeguard the health and well-being of our communities and the ecosystems we all depend on. Birds are among the most visible symbols of our natural heritage, inspiring national pride and reminding us that our islands are home to extraordinary biodiversity found nowhere else on earth. Our islands also provide essential habitat for migratory birds, offering food, water, and shelter during their long journeys between breeding and wintering grounds. On Earth Day, we celebrate the beauty and diversity of the natural world — and the joy, wonder, and peace that birds bring to our lives every day.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 17, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 55, "end": 64, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 78, "end": 97, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad and Tobago"}, {"start": 105, "end": 108, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 128, "end": 131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 149, "end": 157, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad"}, {"start": 195, "end": 201, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 308, "end": 312, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 399, "end": 412, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lisa Sorenson"}, {"start": 418, "end": 431, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 436, "end": 444, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 447, "end": 456, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 546, "end": 555, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 567, "end": 570, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "185"}, {"start": 1223, "end": 1232, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}]}
{"unique_index": 21113, "source_text": "The challenge of civic trust as AI plays a bigger role in public management\n\nI teach at and live on a public university campus in Hong Kong. At the beginning of every academic year, there is a steady stream of scam warnings: posters on campus, emails, student notices, reminders from the institution, posters splattered across MTR stations, and newspaper headlines. Be careful with suspicious links, fraudulent calls, fake payment requests, manipulated identities, messages that sound urgent and plausible enough to make you double-check. Especially after the headline-making incident in which an employee was duped by a deepfake video call with his company's financial chief into transferring millions, there has been increased and repeated messaging that AI is here to stay and that we are not prepared for it. I find it ironic that one of the demographic groups most targeted by this message of potential AI-based scam is young students, who are often described as digital natives, instinctively literate in the languages of platforms, devices, and online life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The challenge of civic trust as AI plays a bigger role in public management"}, {"start": 130, "end": 139, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 694, "end": 702, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}]}
{"unique_index": 21114, "source_text": "Something has changed in our digital practices where caution has become the latest buzzword, because we can no longer trust whether what we see is what we get, and I do not think it is merely about the proliferation and persistence of fake news and misinformation. It is about the conditions of trust: not only our capacity to trust the digital information we encounter, but our capacity to trust our own judgment in everyday AI interactions. Earlier debates about digital misinformation often focused on circulation: a rumour spreading too quickly, a manipulated image going viral, a false claim taking hold before it could be corrected. Those were serious problems, but they still assumed that falsehood was something inserted into an otherwise readable environment. With generative AI, we have entered a space where plausibility, not falsehood, has become cheap, scalable, ambient, and normal. It floods the digital with things that are not obviously fake, but also not reliably true, producing a kind of cognitive fatigue and surrender. Human collectives can survive disagreement, but we have not yet figured out how to live with continuous distortion. What is being eroded is not only trust in the information we encounter, but trust in our own capacity to deal with and negotiate these generative AI plausibilities.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21115, "source_text": "Hong Kong’s recent emphasis on anti-fraud measures shows that deepfake scams and other forms of digitally mediated deception have become serious enough that the response now includes technical systems, such as scameter+ , designed to identify or interrupt them. Financial authorities have openly described this as a new terrain in which AI must be used to fight AI . It means that trust is no longer restored by human recognition, but increasingly depends on technical verification layered on top of technical production. This is the civic paradox at the heart of the current moment. The more synthetic and artificial plausibility overwhelms everyday judgment, the more verification becomes a specialised service. Institutions of reliability, or persons of trust known to us through proximity and relationality, are being replaced by a stack of systems that claim to tell us what is authentic. When a voice needs forensic checking, a message needs a platform signal, and a public interaction has to pass through a chatbot, a filter, a detection layer, and only then return as something we are meant to accept as reliable, civic trust begins to migrate away from shared social processes and into managed technical infrastructures.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 170, "end": 173, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21116, "source_text": "While much of this is dealt with at the level of fraud detection and prevention, the consequences are far broader. Consider what happens when AI becomes embedded in the ordinary interfaces of public life: enquiry systems, service kiosks, governance application processes, translation tools, payment gateways, automated assistance, and a wider rollout of AI across the workflows of everyday management of the city. The presence of AI is justified through a reorganisation around speed, legibility, and efficiency, things that Hong Kong characteristically folds into its image as a dense, high-speed, hyper-connected city of neon-hued optimisation. However, in this new scenario, where AI systems hold the power to verify and manage our interactions with each other and the city, civic encounters become increasingly processual and procedural. The citizen becomes a user. The public question becomes a query. And in the current policy direction for building a smart city , AI becomes central to an accelerated and expanded public-service delivery system. But efficiency, on its own, does not create civic trust. A public institution does not become more civic merely because it becomes more automated.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 525, "end": 534, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}]}
{"unique_index": 21117, "source_text": "As is becoming apparent in the public hearings investigating the disaster of the fire in a residential estate in Tai Po, civic trust requires people to understand how decisions are made, where errors can be challenged, and how responsibility is distributed when something goes wrong. The challenge of civic trust in the face of AI is going to be temporal as much as technical. Calls for AI literacy, fluency, and caution are only going to be effective if we also change our public vocabularies for describing what these systems do: For instance, if we start calling AI systems systems of decision making rather than systems of automation, or think about input as capture, it changes how we relate to these technologies. Because by the time a harm is visible, the system already seems to have moved. In work around technology-facilitated gender and sexual violence, we know that by the time a synthetic image is debunked, the social effect has already travelled. By the time safeguards are written, the interface has already been normalised. We are always catching up. And this catching up produces a collective mistrust in our own ability to recognise what is happening while it is happening.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21118, "source_text": "Verification is often offered as the necessary solution to these questions, but it is insufficient. If civic life is reduced to an endless cycle of detection, correction, and response, then public trust becomes permanently defensive. We stop asking what kinds of relations technology should make possible, and instead settle for damage control. What would it mean to think differently? At the Digital Narratives Studio, which I direct, we begin with a modest but important shift: moving from asking how AI can improve civic services to asking what kinds of civic relations those services should sustain. Efficiency and safety are necessary, but so are hesitation, explanation, and the possibility of remaining answerable to one another, even when our encounters are increasingly shaped by synthetic systems. We call this relational infrastructuring. If trust is being displaced from shared social processes into technical systems of synthetic plausibility and verification, then the response cannot simply be better detection or louder warnings. I also do not hold a nostalgic wish to return to a time before technological mediations, as if that were even real.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 724, "end": 727, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21119, "source_text": "We have to stay with the technologies that now organize civic life, but refuse to accept the narratives of decision-making and trust that they offer. For us, it means creating embodied, shared processes through which people can name what they are encountering, compare experiences, share interpretations, test judgment together, and build a collective vocabulary for the new conditions that AI has normalized. In our work, this takes the form of small experiments in language, relation, and possibility. Through informal and semi-structured gatherings, always over food, we create spaces where people can describe how AI-driven systems enter their everyday lives, and where new civic vocabularies can emerge from lived experience rather than technical prescription alone. I do not want to prescribe a language as if there is one settled one, but do try and think about how you would understand the futures of AI, the histories they consolidate, and the experience they unsettle if you had to incorporate terms like the unsettled, entanglement, dirty mirror, toxic intimacy, grief, and companionship as a part of describing AI in your everyday life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 46, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 825, "end": 828, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21120, "source_text": "We extend this into practices of relational language modelling — a practice that doesn't mimic machine correlations but human relationship building as a way of shaping and interpreting the data set, where human intention, social context, mutual accountability, and shared anxiety can be named, and become central to how we imagine civic engagement with AI. And we pair this with a commitment possibility: insisting that AI is still unsettled, still open to being shaped otherwise, and that the language and vocabulary it comes with, is not something we just accept. This bottom-up approach is not scalable or easy, but it is grounded in the idea that we live with and through technologies and don’t merely stand outside and critique them. We think through rebuilding the relational conditions within which technologies are encountered, interpreted and made accountable so that we are not merely looking to verify what is real, but to create publics capable of making meaning together.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21126, "source_text": "Between the algorithmisation of territories and the monoculture of data: Are there paths towards AI that respect rights and life?\n\nThe question “What can be done to create and promote a human rights-based approach to artificial intelligence?” generally leads us to circulate through abstract, universalist realms of ethical principles, regulatory frameworks and innovation per se . However, when this series challenged me to write an article answering this question from my own experience as a researcher, I felt it needed to be grounded in concrete realities, where artificial intelligence, automation and digitalisation are already being deployed in territories, and their impacts are felt by specific bodies, biomes and communities. It was this need to materialise the debate that led me to the path of action-research I developed, in co-authorship with Joana Varon at Coding Rights, for the Tramas Project of the Coalizão Feminista Decolonial pela Justiça Digital e Ambiental (Decolonial Feminist Coalition for Digital and Environmental Justice). Throughout this research, we came to understand that the question of a human rights-oriented AI ceases to be speculative and becomes urgent and situated.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 129, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Between the algorithmisation of territories and the monoculture of data: Are there paths towards AI that respect rights and life?"}, {"start": 494, "end": 504, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 857, "end": 868, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Joana Varon"}, {"start": 895, "end": 909, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tramas Project"}, {"start": 981, "end": 1048, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Decolonial Feminist Coalition for Digital and Environmental Justice"}]}
{"unique_index": 21127, "source_text": "Who controls these tools, in whose service do they operate and which forms of existence do they erase? When we turn our attention to the trends and narratives currently shaping the large agribusiness industry, we are immediately transported into a reality resembling a dystopian science fiction script. Far removed from the traditional image of the farmer with a hoe in hand, working in communion with the land, the fields managed by industry giants consist of thousands of hectares with virtually no people and no agricultural diversity. Digitalised agribusiness is masculine and patriarchal, in contrast to the imaginary of traditional, family-based agriculture, in which the reproduction of life was carefully and delicately cultivated by nature. It is hyperconnected, aseptic and dominated by heavy machinery that resembles spaceships or war tanks. This is agribusiness orchestrated by the predatory symbiosis between the world’s largest technology companies, massive agribusiness conglomerates and vast flows of financial capital. It is a powerful alliance between Big Tech, Big Agro and Big Money . Unmasking false narratives Investigating the brutal impacts of the digitalisation of Brazilian monoculture and the web of economic power within it raises critical questions about this model.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 159, "end": 168, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 349, "end": 355, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 461, "end": 470, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 21128, "source_text": "In a context where digital technologies, artificial intelligence and connectivity present themselves as inevitable forces of land expulsion, what can and should be done to create and promote an approach to technological and AI advances that is grounded in the defence of rights? To address this contradiction, the mask has to be stripped away from the industry’s discourse. The hegemonic narrative, promoted at major trade fairs and technology events, celebrates so-called “precision agriculture” or the “digitalisation of agriculture”. Swarms of sensors spread across the land, remote monitoring, automated fleet management and complex predictive models based on artificial intelligence are marketed as magical technological solutions to all the disasters caused by monoculture itself, from accelerated soil degradation, to pest infestations resulting from lack of diversity, to labour shortages. In the parallel universe created by the corporate sector, the imminent climate collapse simply does not exist. The promised future is always one of control and abundance, guaranteed by digital technology and the precision that only AI can provide. The grand promise of the alliance between Big Agro and Big Tech is that vast expanses of monocultivated land will be accessible at the touch of a mobile phone screen, with colossal harvesters and tractors being operated remotely, turning the management of life into a cold video game.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21129, "source_text": "It is precisely at this point in the discourse that the most serious breach of fundamental rights emerges. Unrestricted digitalisation consolidates a model in which human presence – intimate, direct and respectful engagement with the land – no longer prevails. Empirical knowledge of the territory, refined over centuries and passed down through generations by traditional communities, is summarily discarded as obsolete. We are witnessing an overwhelming ontological mutation, in which our labour relations, commercial ties, affections and interactions with nature are structurally transforming and being reduced to an immense and humanly unmanageable quantity of data. The entire complexity of biomes and those who inhabit them is extracted, chewed up and processed into AI algorithms, and stored in an obscure technological “cloud”. This invisible infrastructure dictates all solutions and pathways for maximising monoculture business. The effect of this generalised digitalisation is the brutal erasure of forms of existence deemed undesirable by capital. Within this narrative, traditional communities and longstanding land conflicts virtually disappear beneath distant satellite imagery. Villages, riverside settlements and Quilombola territories are not computed by the monitors of remote operators.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21130, "source_text": "As they are invisible to algorithms trained to see only commodities, these populations are ignored by public authorities, who become dazzled by modernity and delegate governance to the digital realm. Impacts on lived realities This programmed invisibility materialises as violence and dispossession in rural areas of the country, as seen in the Cerrado region of Matopiba in Brazil (an area encompassing parts of the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia), which currently constitutes the country’s main agricultural expansion frontier . There, the advent of technological “innovations” and the narratives of digitalised agribusiness set the tone for violent displacement, adding to longstanding agrarian conflicts. The case of the traditional community of Gleba Tauá in northern Tocantins exemplifies the weight of this alliance. (Data from the Matopiba region and Gleba Tauá were obtained through research collaboration with Antônia Laudeci Oliveira Moraes.) Families who have occupied the territory for nearly a century are seeing their homes being strangled by new technologies of expulsion manipulated by land grabbers. Land grabbing is the loose English translation of “grilagem de terras,” a term used in Brazil to describe the illegal appropriation of public or private land through the falsification of documents such as deeds and registrations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 363, "end": 371, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Matopiba"}, {"start": 375, "end": 381, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 482, "end": 491, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 946, "end": 977, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Antônia Laudeci Oliveira Moraes"}, {"start": 1231, "end": 1237, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}]}
{"unique_index": 21131, "source_text": "It is linked to fraud, corruption, illegal deforestation and violence against traditional peoples. The term originates from an old practice of artificially aging fake papers in boxes with crickets (“grilos”) so that they appear authentic. The digitalisation of land management, driven by self-declaratory mechanisms such as the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), institutionalises digital land grabbing . In the Matopiba region, the digitalisation of land records via the CAR system overlays irregular registrations that generate a digital land dispute, rendering traditional territorial occupations invisible and paving the way for massive deforestation of the Cerrado. As satellites and automated validation systems are unable to distinguish between the historical occupation of traditional communities and recent invasions driven by illegal deforestation, large landowners use digital platforms to register public and collective lands as their private property. The result is the creation of a “ Fictitious Brazil ,” in which algorithmic registration generates financial assets on the market, legitimising the encirclement of communities and concealing deforestation. And when the erasure promoted by databases is not enough to dissuade communities from asserting their rights, technology reveals its armed face.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1011, "end": 1017, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}]}
{"unique_index": 21132, "source_text": "Drones marketed under the pretext of sustainability and precision have been deployed as instruments of terror. Unmanned devices circle agro-ecological properties in an intimidating manner, spraying clouds of agrochemicals over the homes, water sources and gardens of small producers. Small farmers are overflown by these technological tools that disseminate fear, cornering and driving them out. How can technologies be integrated without violating rights? When we witness the imposition of this model upon territories, coded as unquestionable progress, we are compelled to ask how digital technology, grounded in data and artificial intelligence, can be integrated into rural life in ways that respect and guarantee rights. The first step is to abandon the fallacy of technological and algorithmic neutrality and to question the underlying architecture of power embedded in these systems. At the core of the debate on human rights in the digital age must be an effort to unveil what these tools serve and, above all, who controls them. An AI that respects rights and advances humanity must be conceived with transparency and decentralised governance. Concealing land grabbing processes, spreading fear, dehumanising relationships, or optimising socio-environmental destruction cannot be admissible practices.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 290, "end": 297, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21133, "source_text": "Public technological infrastructures must be redesigned to incorporate collective participation, ensuring that they are used to map and protect social territorialities and diversity, rather than to erase them beneath a standardised green veil imposed via satellite. Moreover, forging a rights-based approach requires dismantling of techno-solutionism. We must understand that answers to the sustainability of life and the defence of biodiversity will not come from Big Tech or Big Agro. These actors must remain under constant scrutiny by public authorities and civil society. We must recognise the superior validity of regenerative, agro-ecological and ancestral technologies. [9] Highly technologised agribusiness marginalises these practices, yet it is traditional smallholder plots, dense networks of exchange among communities, heirloom seeds and small farmers’ ancestral reading of climate patterns that truly preserve socio-environmental justice and ensure food security. Solutions such as drone fleets or predictions based on big data are violent and, in most cases, serve only to guarantee agribusiness profits at the expense of diversity and life. The path toward a human-centred AI requires humanity to recover the essence of cooperation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 679, "end": 680, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9"}, {"start": 858, "end": 865, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21134, "source_text": "In her “Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction”, feminist science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin suggests that the great technology of survival should not be the weapon that wounds, conquers and sprays poison from the sky, but rather the human vessel that gathers seeds, weaves networks of mutual care and preserves knowledge. We must abandon the cold, dystopian logic of patriarchal domination if AI is not to become the executioner of our future. The development of an AI that guarantees rights and preserves life must be non-negotiably subordinate to socio-environmental justice, embracing the ancestral premise that, within the great technological web of existence, we are not isolated manipulators at the top of a chain, as articulated by the Quilombola thinker Nêgo Bispo (Antônio Bispo dos Santos). We must always bear in mind that “the land gives, the land demands.” Some references for this article could not be incorporated on the Global Voices site. You can see them on the Association for Progressive Communication website . Mariana Tamari is a journalist and researcher working at the intersection of politics, feminisms, technology and socio-environmental justice.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 65, "end": 71, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 72, "end": 89, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ursula K. Le Guin"}, {"start": 934, "end": 947, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 978, "end": 1019, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Association for Progressive Communication"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1044, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mariana Tamari"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1060, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1065, "end": 1075, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}]}
{"unique_index": 21135, "source_text": "A founding partner of Agência Mira, a strategic political communications consultancy, she previously served as co - executive director of Coding Rights, where she led research, projects, institutional operations and a multidisciplinary team. Prior to that, she held positions as regional program me officer at ARTI GO 19 Bra s il , the Fundação Rosa Luxemburgo and Cisco Networking Academy. She also served as partnerships director at Mapeo – AI and Big Data. Trained in journalism, she worked as a reporter for Folha de S.Paulo and Reuters News Agency, and has contributed to numerous media outlets in Brazil, including Revista A Rede , Brasil de Fato and Carta Capital, among ot h ers. Paula Villar was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. She graduated with a degree in psychology and completed a postgraduate course in clinical psychology. Although she has been drawing since a very young age, it was only during the COVID-19 pandemic that Paula decided to change careers, devoting herself to digital art and activism. In addition, she also works with other media, such as oil paint, realistic pencil drawings and Indian ink.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 116, "end": 134, "label": "JOB", "value": "executive director"}, {"start": 299, "end": 306, "label": "JOB", "value": "officer"}, {"start": 336, "end": 389, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Fundação Rosa Luxemburgo and Cisco Networking Academy"}, {"start": 423, "end": 431, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 499, "end": 507, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporter"}, {"start": 512, "end": 522, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Folha de S"}, {"start": 533, "end": 540, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reuters"}, {"start": 603, "end": 609, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 621, "end": 635, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Revista A Rede"}, {"start": 638, "end": 644, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 688, "end": 700, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paula Villar"}, {"start": 713, "end": 727, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rio de Janeiro"}, {"start": 729, "end": 735, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 740, "end": 744, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1992"}, {"start": 948, "end": 953, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Paula"}]}
{"unique_index": 21136, "source_text": "Nepal becomes South Asia's priciest place to fill a tank as US war on Iran rattles the pump\n\nAs reported by Rising Nepal Daily , Sumitra Khatiwada, a resident of Kathmandu on a fixed monthly income, has watched the cost of running her household climb week after week since March 2026. Cooking gas, vegetables, transport — everything is going up at once. “If prices continue to rise, life will become even more difficult for workers,” she said, urging the government to strengthen market monitoring and prevent artificial price hikes. Her concern mirrors a crisis spreading across Nepal. Nepal raised fuel prices for the fourth time in a single month in April 2026, making petroleum products the most expensive among regional peers. Under the revised rates, petrol in Kathmandu now costs NPR 219 per litre (USD 1.48), while diesel is priced at NPR 207 (USD 1.40) per litre. A war far away, a crisis close to home Nepal Oil Corporation stated that due to the ongoing war in West Asia, international market prices for petroleum products have been continuously rising.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 91, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Nepal becomes South Asia's priciest place to fill a tank as US war on Iran rattles the pump"}, {"start": 115, "end": 120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 121, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 129, "end": 146, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sumitra Khatiwada"}, {"start": 183, "end": 190, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 273, "end": 283, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 580, "end": 585, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 587, "end": 592, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 653, "end": 663, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 777, "end": 780, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 791, "end": 794, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "219"}, {"start": 810, "end": 814, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.48"}, {"start": 847, "end": 850, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "207"}, {"start": 856, "end": 860, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.40"}, {"start": 912, "end": 933, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nepal Oil Corporation"}, {"start": 972, "end": 981, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21137, "source_text": "The conflict involving the United States, Israel, and Iran has disrupted export flows through the Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly a third of the world’s seaborne oil passes. As per a report by Rising Nepal Daily , petrol had been priced at just NPR 137 per litre (USD 0.93) in January 2026. Over just 18 days, petrol prices jumped by NPR 45 per litre, a 60 percent surge in under three weeks,while diesel and kerosene rose by NPR 40 per litre, a pace of increase Nepal had not seen even at the start of the Russia-Ukraine war. Nepal’s vulnerability runs deeper than most of its neighbours. As per independent digital media platform The Logical Indian , Nepal is completely dependent on imported petroleum products, with the NOC functioning as the exclusive importer and distributor, largely sourcing supplies from India under a long-standing bilateral arrangement. More than 60 percent of petroleum consumption is accounted for by the transportation sector. According to the Department of Customs , in the first seven months of fiscal year 2025/26, Nepal spent NPR 139.10 billion (about USD 1 billion) on imports of petrol, diesel, and LPG alone.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 40, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 42, "end": 48, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 54, "end": 58, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 98, "end": 114, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Strait of Hormuz"}, {"start": 207, "end": 212, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 213, "end": 218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 256, "end": 259, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "137"}, {"start": 275, "end": 279, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.93"}, {"start": 284, "end": 296, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 308, "end": 315, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 days"}, {"start": 345, "end": 347, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45"}, {"start": 361, "end": 363, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 387, "end": 398, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three weeks"}, {"start": 437, "end": 439, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 470, "end": 475, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 514, "end": 520, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 521, "end": 528, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 534, "end": 539, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 643, "end": 657, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Logical Indian"}, {"start": 660, "end": 665, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 821, "end": 826, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 882, "end": 884, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 982, "end": 1003, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department of Customs"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1031, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven months"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1051, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1056, "end": 1061, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1086, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "139.10 billion"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1107, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1 billion"}]}
{"unique_index": 21138, "source_text": "As noted by Nepal News , with no domestic refining capacity and a single supplier pipeline, there is almost no policy buffer when prices spike internationally. The most expensive pump in South Asia A regional comparison makes Nepal’s position stark. Nepal’s petrol has reached NPR 219 per litre (USD 1.48), above Pakistan (USD 1.36), Sri Lanka (USD 1.30), India (USD 1.02), Bhutan (USD 1.06), the Maldives (USD 1.04), Afghanistan (about USD 0.95), and Bangladesh (USD 0.87). As per a report from Nepal-based digital news and social media platform PressAdda , even countries like Pakistan and Sri Lanka, which are going through their own economic crises, have cheaper petrol prices than Nepal. The pump price is only the beginning of the impact. Diesel was priced at NPR 139 per litre in February, meaning it jumped by 31 percent within a single month. The World Bank projected Nepal’s economic growth to slow to 2.3 percent in fiscal year 2025–26, down from 4.6 percent in 2024–25, partly reflecting the impact of the conflict in Western Asia. The price of rice has already increased by NPR 100 to 200 (about USD 0.75 to 1.50) per 25-kg sack, while vegetables remain expensive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 17, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 187, "end": 197, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 226, "end": 231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 250, "end": 255, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 281, "end": 284, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "219"}, {"start": 300, "end": 304, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.48"}, {"start": 313, "end": 321, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 327, "end": 331, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.36"}, {"start": 334, "end": 343, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 349, "end": 353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.30"}, {"start": 356, "end": 361, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 367, "end": 371, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.02"}, {"start": 374, "end": 380, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bhutan"}, {"start": 386, "end": 390, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.06"}, {"start": 397, "end": 405, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maldives"}, {"start": 411, "end": 415, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.04"}, {"start": 418, "end": 429, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Afghanistan"}, {"start": 441, "end": 445, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.95"}, {"start": 452, "end": 462, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 468, "end": 472, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.87"}, {"start": 496, "end": 501, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 547, "end": 556, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "PressAdda"}, {"start": 579, "end": 587, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 592, "end": 601, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 686, "end": 691, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 770, "end": 773, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "139"}, {"start": 818, "end": 820, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31"}, {"start": 856, "end": 866, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 877, "end": 882, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 912, "end": 915, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.3"}, {"start": 939, "end": 943, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 944, "end": 946, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26"}, {"start": 958, "end": 961, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.6"}, {"start": 973, "end": 977, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 978, "end": 980, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1042, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 1091, "end": 1101, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100 to 200"}, {"start": 1113, "end": 1125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.75 to 1.50"}]}
{"unique_index": 21139, "source_text": "Price watchdogs warn that fuel costs act as a multiplier across the supply chain; a small increase at the pump can mean significantly higher prices for food, transport, and household essentials within weeks. Transport fares are now officially higher too. The Department of Transport Management approved a 16.71 percent rise in passenger fares on inter-provincial routes, with cargo rates rising by 21.68 percent on hill routes and 15.75 percent on Tarai routes. “As freight charges have increased by three times, market prices could rise by up to 50 percent. If tensions escalate further, it will be a disaster,” said Rajendra Sangraula, president of the Nepal Freight Forwarders Association. A new government’s first economic test Nepal’s Rastriya Swatantra Party government, led by Prime Minister Balendra Shah , known popularly as Balen, came to power following elections in March 2026. Those elections were held after the previous KP Sharma Oli government collapsed following the September 2025 Gen Z protests , which were partly driven by public anger over economic mismanagement and a government-ordered social media ban.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 228, "end": 231, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 259, "end": 293, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department of Transport Management"}, {"start": 305, "end": 310, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16.71"}, {"start": 398, "end": 403, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21.68"}, {"start": 431, "end": 436, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15.75"}, {"start": 500, "end": 505, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 547, "end": 549, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 618, "end": 636, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rajendra Sangraula"}, {"start": 638, "end": 647, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 655, "end": 691, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nepal Freight Forwarders Association"}, {"start": 732, "end": 737, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 740, "end": 764, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rastriya Swatantra Party"}, {"start": 784, "end": 798, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 799, "end": 812, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Balendra Shah"}, {"start": 878, "end": 888, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 984, "end": 998, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21140, "source_text": "The RSP government has introduced several emergency measures to manage the crisis. As reported by Rising Nepal Daily , a Cabinet meeting reduced customs duty and infrastructure tax on fuel by 50 percent to ensure smooth supply. The government also introduced a two-day weekend, Saturday and Sunday, for government offices and educational institutions to cut fuel consumption. According to Ratopati , fuel quotas for high-ranking government officials have been reduced, and wholesale fuel distribution is being controlled. Meanwhile, due to acute LPG shortages, the NOC has been directing distributors to supply only half-filled cooking gas cylinders to households to stretch limited stocks. But these steps have not reversed the trend. Despite the 50 percent tax exemption, the impact has been minimal due to the continuous rise in crude oil prices globally. According to Ratopati , NOC Executive Director Chandika Bhatta reported a fortnightly loss of approximately NPR 14 billion (about USD 105 million), NPR 930 million daily, based on data from March 30 to April 8, 2026. A governance gap has also emerged inside the ministry itself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 41, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 105, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 111, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 192, "end": 194, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 278, "end": 286, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 291, "end": 297, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 389, "end": 397, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ratopati"}, {"start": 748, "end": 750, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 872, "end": 880, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ratopati"}, {"start": 883, "end": 905, "label": "JOB", "value": "NOC Executive Director"}, {"start": 906, "end": 921, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chandika Bhatta"}, {"start": 971, "end": 981, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14 billion"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1004, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "105 million"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1022, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "930 million"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1028, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1057, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 30"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1074, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 8, 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 21141, "source_text": "A ministry official was quoted as saying the absence of a dedicated minister is making it difficult to reach decisions on price adjustments, noting that deciding whether to control inflation or to facilitate supply through automatic pricing “is only possible at the political level.” Consumer groups have publicly called for more. “The higher fuel price has already started to impact consumers. The corporation seems focused only on calculating its losses,” said Prem Lal Maharjan, president of the National Consumer Forum. “Who will hear consumer grievances?” Citizens take to the streets and to social media The anger has moved beyond private frustration. On April 16, Joint Student Unions organised a protest at Maitighar, a central public square in Kathmandu, Nepal’s capital, demanding the immediate repeal of taxes imposed on petroleum products. Protesters carried placards calling for a price adjustment and a relief package for the public, with student leaders warning of further agitation if the government fails to act. On social media, where nearly 48 percent of Nepal’s population is active, one of the highest rates in South Asia, the fuel crisis has become a defining public debate.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 68, "end": 76, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 463, "end": 480, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Prem Lal Maharjan"}, {"start": 482, "end": 491, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 499, "end": 522, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Consumer Forum"}, {"start": 661, "end": 669, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 16"}, {"start": 753, "end": 762, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kathmandu"}, {"start": 764, "end": 769, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1060, "end": 1062, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "48"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1079, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1132, "end": 1142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21142, "source_text": "For a government that rode the wave of digital populism and benefited from it, analysts have noted that navigating these challenges will be a daunting task. The trucking sector has also formally objected. The Federation of Truck Transport Entrepreneurs of Nepal issued a statement saying the price hike has angered consumers and will directly affect the transport sector, reminding authorities of a prior written agreement requiring automatic fare adjustments whenever fuel prices fluctuate by more than NPR 5 per litre. The bigger structural question Economists point to a vulnerability that will outlast this crisis. Economist Gunakar Bhatta told Rising Nepal Daily that the prolonged energy crisis is increasing supply-side pressures across both imported and domestically produced goods. “When the prices of food and non-food items increase, people are forced to spend more to sustain their livelihoods,” he said. Former National Planning Commission Vice Chairman Dipendra Bahadur Kshetri warned that if military actions targeting Iran continue, Nepali workers in Gulf countries could lose their jobs, a critical risk given that remittances totalled NPR 1.261 trillion (about USD 8.45 billion) in the first seven months of fiscal year 2025/26 alone.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 79, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 209, "end": 261, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federation of Truck Transport Entrepreneurs of Nepal"}, {"start": 508, "end": 509, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5"}, {"start": 552, "end": 562, "label": "JOB", "value": "Economists"}, {"start": 619, "end": 628, "label": "JOB", "value": "Economist"}, {"start": 629, "end": 643, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gunakar Bhatta"}, {"start": 656, "end": 661, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 662, "end": 667, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Daily"}, {"start": 967, "end": 991, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dipendra Bahadur Kshetri"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1038, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 1157, "end": 1171, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.261 trillion"}, {"start": 1183, "end": 1195, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8.45 billion"}, {"start": 1210, "end": 1222, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven months"}, {"start": 1238, "end": 1242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21143, "source_text": "NOC has warned that prices could rise by a further 20 to 30 percent, with the corporation owing NPR 16.37 billion (USD 123 million) to the Indian Oil Corporation, its sole supplier, with the next payment due April 23. Yet analysts point to a longer-term path out. Nepal already generates over 90 percent of its electricity from hydropower, and the country has been among the fastest EV adopters in South Asia. As Climate Home News reported , electric vehicles now make up about three-quarters of new car sales in Nepal, partly due to tax policies cutting EV import duties to 43 percent compared with 257 percent for petrol vehicles. While private EV adoption is growing, long-haul public transport and freight vehicles remain almost entirely dependent on diesel, meaning the crisis hitting ordinary Nepalis today is also the strongest argument yet for the government to accelerate the green transition. For Sumitra Khatiwada and millions of others on fixed incomes, the next NOC price announcement is not an abstraction. It is next week’s grocery bill.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 59, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20 to 30"}, {"start": 100, "end": 113, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16.37 billion"}, {"start": 119, "end": 130, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "123 million"}, {"start": 139, "end": 161, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Indian Oil Corporation"}, {"start": 208, "end": 216, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 23"}, {"start": 222, "end": 230, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 264, "end": 269, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 293, "end": 295, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 398, "end": 408, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 413, "end": 430, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Climate Home News"}, {"start": 460, "end": 463, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 513, "end": 518, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 575, "end": 577, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "43"}, {"start": 600, "end": 603, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "257"}, {"start": 807, "end": 812, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 907, "end": 924, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sumitra Khatiwada"}, {"start": 929, "end": 937, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1036, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next week"}]}
{"unique_index": 21144, "source_text": "Brazil: A warning on how AI and deepfakes can become an ’excessive risk‘ to women and girls\n\nIn November 2023, a group of parents from a school in Rio de Janeiro reported to the police that teenagers were creating and sharing nudes created using Artificial Intelligence (AI) featuring other classmates. Less than a year later, in September 2024, in the state of Bahia , another group of teens was also suspected of using AI to create pornographic images of other classmates, while in Mato Grosso state , students were expelled after sharing AI images featuring a teacher and other students in pornography communities on social media. These are some recent cases reported on Brazilian media and mentioned in a technical note published by the independent research center Internetlab in early April, 2026. The document aims to discuss “ways of combating online violence against girls and women in Brazil” and recommend regulatory discussions within the country’s context. According to the Brazilian Public Security Forum, in 2025 alone, Brazil registered 1.568 femicides , a 4.7 percent increase compared to the previous year and the highest number recorded since the law naming this type of crime was signed 10 years before. An increase in gender violence cases reported in the news led to protests at the end of 2025.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 91, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Brazil: A warning on how AI and deepfakes can become an ’excessive risk‘ to women and girls"}, {"start": 96, "end": 109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2023"}, {"start": 330, "end": 344, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2024"}, {"start": 362, "end": 367, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bahia"}, {"start": 563, "end": 570, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 797, "end": 801, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 894, "end": 900, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 986, "end": 1017, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Brazilian Public Security Forum"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1026, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1040, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 1052, "end": 1057, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.568"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1075, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.7"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1122, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous year"}, {"start": 1206, "end": 1221, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 years before"}, {"start": 1311, "end": 1315, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21145, "source_text": "And the growing amount of misogynistic content online is “feeding the violence,” Deutsche Welle reports . To Clarice Tavares, Internetlab’s research director and one of the technical note’s authors, who talked to Global Voices, gender violence cases both online and offline are all part of the same misogynistic structure, coexisting and codependent on each other. “We are going through a complex moment of growing violence against women, and we need public policies to look at these contexts, in their specificities,” she analyzes. Talking about AI and gender issues, Tavares notes that databases used to feed platforms can be biased and, therefore, influence their results. Internetlab chose to look at violence related to AI in the technical note, she explains, because of its broader impact and the possibility of addressing it through proper regulation. Among other points, Internetlab’s document points to risks associated with “non-consensual sexual content deepfakes” and argues for the possibility of this happening to be classified as “excessive risk,” noting that “these technologies affect women and girls disproportionately”: Uma pesquisa conduzida pela Security Hero demonstrou que deepfakes sexualmente explícitas representam 98% de todos os vídeos de deepfake online, e que 99% das pessoas alvo desses conteúdos eram mulheres.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 109, "end": 124, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Clarice Tavares"}, {"start": 149, "end": 157, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 190, "end": 197, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 213, "end": 226, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 250, "end": 254, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 569, "end": 576, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tavares"}, {"start": 1241, "end": 1243, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "98"}, {"start": 1290, "end": 1292, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "99"}]}
{"unique_index": 21146, "source_text": "A pesquisa também indicou um aumento de 464% do número de deepfakes sexuais entre 2022 e 2023. A research conducted by Security Hero showed that sexually explicit deepfakes represent 98 percent of all deepfake videos online, and that 99 percent of the people targeted with this type of content are women. The study also indicated an increase of 464 percent in sexual deepfakes between 2022 and 2023. Although Tavares states that the problems are not exclusive to one platform, she points to Grok , X's embedded AI, as the tip of the iceberg, exposing a broader problem already spread online. I think this case calls for attention, since the AI that made it possible to create this sort of content was already part of its own social media, which helped to amplify the reach of such content. It was very much on the surface. I think it's a systemic issue, but Grok’s case made it impossible not to discuss it or worry about the current state of things.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 43, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "464"}, {"start": 82, "end": 86, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 89, "end": 93, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 183, "end": 185, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "98"}, {"start": 234, "end": 236, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "99"}, {"start": 345, "end": 348, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "464"}, {"start": 385, "end": 389, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 394, "end": 398, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 409, "end": 416, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tavares"}, {"start": 463, "end": 466, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 491, "end": 495, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}, {"start": 858, "end": 862, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}]}
{"unique_index": 21147, "source_text": "It was evident there had been several flaws in the tools and the platforms that allowed these things to happen on such a large scale. What does the law say in Brazil? In the past decade, Brazil has had advances in legislation regarding online rights. Last year, 11 years after the Marco Civil da Internet — a bill that works as a Brazilian civil rights framework for the internet — was signed, the Federal Supreme Court (STF) voted to consider one of its articles partially unconstitutional. Article 19 ruled on platforms’ civil responsibility for content published by third parties (users). The majority of the justices understood that, under the current scenario, the norm wasn't enough to protect fundamental rights and democracy. “There is still a long way for us to understand how this ruling will be operationalized. A new regime regarding platforms’ responsibility established rules for how they shall function until a more robust regulatory legislation is approved. Platforms now have more obligations with content moderation, so the ruling put a new paradigm for us to think of platforms’ accountability and obligations,” Tavares says.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 30, "end": 37, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 159, "end": 165, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 174, "end": 185, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past decade"}, {"start": 187, "end": 193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 251, "end": 260, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last year"}, {"start": 262, "end": 276, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11 years after"}, {"start": 398, "end": 419, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Supreme Court"}, {"start": 421, "end": 424, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "STF"}, {"start": 984, "end": 987, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1131, "end": 1138, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tavares"}]}
{"unique_index": 21148, "source_text": "In the context of gender violence online, she also stresses the importance of having a legal definition and concept of what is understood as misogyny to put the Supreme Court's decision into practice. “We want to adapt this decision to the already existing public policies, legislation regarding gender violence to this new digital violence scenario,” she explains. Internetlab’s analysis mentions a rise in proposed bills aiming to criminalize misogynistic behavior and the so-called red pill movement and manosphere , but notes that, although they are an important step to face the problem, choosing criminalization as the main and only solution could limit the efficacy of strategies to prevent and make reparations to victims. Their recommendation regarding AI includes, for instance, creating curriculum guidelines about digital literacy to develop critical analysis of how algorithms, platforms, artificial intelligence tools, and other digital ecosystem elements work. As for the platforms, the note recommends adopting safety measures since the early conception of their projects ( safety by design ), “to prevent the creation and dissemination of this type of content” that mainly targets women and children as victims.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 161, "end": 174, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}]}
{"unique_index": 21149, "source_text": "Nonconsensual sexual content deepfakes should be considered an “excessive risk,” with their use and application prohibited, and rules regarding accountability and obligations of digital platforms and AI agents should be established. An estimation by the Movember Foundation, a men’s health organization, points out that two-thirds of young men regularly engage with masculinity influencers online. An article published by UN Women says “experts are finding that the popularity of extreme language in the manosphere not only normalizes violence against women and girls, but has growing links to radicalization and extremist ideologies.” As the election season approaches in Brazil, with cases of AI-generated videos featuring violence against women voters being reported, Tavares believes there are also new layers to think about gender political violence now. “With video production or even chatbots such as Gemini, ChatGPT, or Claude, what we’re seeing is that [AI] will likely be a tool used as a means to have access to information, and there could be gender biases, reproducing gender violence and gender political violence. We’re still trying to figure out the impact it can and will have from now on.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 254, "end": 273, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Movember Foundation"}, {"start": 378, "end": 389, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 422, "end": 430, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Women"}, {"start": 673, "end": 679, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 771, "end": 778, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tavares"}, {"start": 855, "end": 858, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 908, "end": 914, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Gemini"}, {"start": 916, "end": 923, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}, {"start": 928, "end": 934, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}, {"start": 1199, "end": 1202, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21150, "source_text": "Brazil opens investigation on Google over its AI’s impact on the journalism industry\n\nThe Administrative Council for Economic Defense (Cade) , linked to the Ministry of Justice in Brazil, approved the opening of an administrative process to investigate further Google’s generative AI (Artificial Intelligence) and its use of journalistic content to create automated summaries for searched terms ( AI Overviews ), which could potentially affect the organic traffic of journalistic platforms, their monetization, and engagement. It’s the latest chapter in a case that began in 2019 to “investigate the alleged unlawful use of third parties’ news content in the Google Search and Google News platforms.” Last year, the council invited civil society actors , such as unions, associations, and NGOs, to submit their technical and factual analyses before proceeding with the discussion. Cade aims to “guide, monitor, prevent, and investigate economic power abuse, acting on prevention and repression.” In practice, it operates similarly to the United States’ Federal Trade Commission (FTC) as a competition regulator.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 84, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Brazil opens investigation on Google over its AI’s impact on the journalism industry"}, {"start": 90, "end": 133, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Administrative Council for Economic Defense"}, {"start": 157, "end": 176, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Justice"}, {"start": 180, "end": 186, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 261, "end": 267, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 397, "end": 409, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "AI Overviews"}, {"start": 575, "end": 579, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 659, "end": 672, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Google Search"}, {"start": 677, "end": 683, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 701, "end": 710, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last year"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1077, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United States’ Federal Trade Commission"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1082, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FTC"}]}
{"unique_index": 21151, "source_text": "Acting President and Commissioner Diogo Thomson, who voted in favor of opening investigations, considered that the insertion of generative AI functions has “significantly altered the dynamics of access, visibility, and monetization of journalistic content in the digital environment” over the past few years. In this context, he reflected on the possibility that the relationship between Google and publishers “could take on the characteristics of structural dependence” once media outlets increasingly relied on the company’s search engines to reach their audiences. As reported on Cade’s own website , Thomson also asked whether this conduct “ may constitute a potential exploitative abuse of dominance, characterized by the extraction and internalization of economic value from content produced by third parties, without proportional compensation, in a context of asymmetry and the lack of effective alternative arrangements.” Another commissioner, Camila Cabral Pires Alves , who also voted in favor of the investigation, stressed that “Google uses [the material] without prior authorization from the companies that produce the journalistic content,” according to online news outlet G1 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "JOB", "value": "Acting President"}, {"start": 21, "end": 33, "label": "JOB", "value": "Commissioner"}, {"start": 34, "end": 47, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Diogo Thomson"}, {"start": 293, "end": 307, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past few years"}, {"start": 388, "end": 394, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 604, "end": 611, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thomson"}, {"start": 938, "end": 950, "label": "JOB", "value": "commissioner"}, {"start": 952, "end": 977, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Camila Cabral Pires Alves"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1047, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}]}
{"unique_index": 21152, "source_text": "Brazilian journalism outlet Núcleo explained what the investigation should examine moving forward: One of the measures in the administrative proceedings will be distinguishing between the traditional excerpts shown by Google (known as snippets) and the AI Overviews summaries. Another point to be examined is the zero-click issue, when users simply read a summary and do not click on reference links, cutting off traffic referrals to news outlets — something critically important for journalism. Perhaps even more pointed will be the attempt to estimate the value Google retains from digital advertising compared to the editorial costs news outlets bear to produce journalism. That is one of the key breakthroughs of this proceeding, it will effectively put numbers on something the company has never disclosed. Lastly, CADE will require Google to disclose all of its tests — not just the “selective” conclusions that favor its case. Journalism organizations supported Cade’s decision.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 28, "end": 34, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Núcleo"}, {"start": 218, "end": 224, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 253, "end": 265, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "AI Overviews"}, {"start": 564, "end": 570, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 838, "end": 844, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}]}
{"unique_index": 21153, "source_text": "Ajor (Digital Journalism Association) issued a statement calling it “a right step in investigating AI’s impact on journalism”: A balanced relationship between digital platforms and journalism organizations is fundamental to the flourishing of journalism committed to the public interest. By ensuring a fair competitive environment, Cade directly advances that goal. The decision also underscores the urgency of developing remuneration models that recognize journalism’s social function in combating disinformation and that address the appropriation, by digital platforms, of the content and economic value generated by this work. Marcelo Rech, president of the National Newspapers’ Association (ANJ), considered the decision a historical mark, saying: Com o resultado do julgamento, o Cade demonstra que está na linha de frente de uma preocupação que não se limita a uma mera questão econômica. O tema de fundo é a sustentabilidade da informação de qualidade, do jornalismo que atende, sem substitutos, as comunidades locais e a pluralidade de visões, o que é fundamental em sociedades democráticas. With this decision, Cade demonstrates it is at the frontline of a concern not limited to a mere economic issue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 36, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Digital Journalism Association"}, {"start": 630, "end": 642, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marcelo Rech"}, {"start": 644, "end": 653, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 661, "end": 693, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Newspapers’ Association"}, {"start": 695, "end": 698, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ANJ"}]}
{"unique_index": 21154, "source_text": "The issue at stake is the sustainability of quality information, of a journalism that answers, without substitutes, to local communities and plural visions, which is fundamental for democratic societies. Responding to a statement published by G1 , one of the main digital news outlets in Brazil, Google said the decision “reflected a mistaken comprehension about how their products work and the value they deliver to news editors”: Em um mundo onde as preferências dos usuários estão evoluindo, o AI Overviews foi projetado para mostrar links para uma ampla variedade de resultados, criando novas oportunidades para que sites relevantes e conteúdos diversos sejam descobertos. Temos um compromisso com a web aberta e continuamos enviando bilhões de cliques para websites diariamente. Seguiremos dialogando com o CADE para esclarecer quaisquer dúvidas sobre o nosso produto In a world where users preferences are evolving, AI Overviews was designed to show links with a wide variety of results, creating new opportunities so relevant websites and diverse content can be discovered.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 288, "end": 294, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 296, "end": 302, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 422, "end": 429, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 497, "end": 509, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "AI Overviews"}, {"start": 922, "end": 934, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "AI Overviews"}]}
{"unique_index": 21155, "source_text": "We have a commitment with open web and we continue to send billions of clicks to websites every day. We will keep talking to Cade to clarify any doubts about our product. I n 2025, Commissioner Gustavo Augusto Freitas de Lima, the case’s rapporteur, recommended archiving the investigation . He argued that the search could also serve as “free advertising” for media companies and that Cade lacked the authority to set remuneration for them, as its role was to analyse anticompetitive practices. Lima also questioned how prohibiting Google from indexing news could contribute to the spread of misinformation and fake news, and how that would operate alongside other platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp. Lima has since changed his stance to align with Thomson’s view , given the AI’s role in the current context. G1 reports that the process shall now investigate Google’s conduct and its effects on the journalism industry. It can lead to administrative sanctions for economic infringement. Cade hasn’t given a deadline for the investigation yet.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "billions"}, {"start": 90, "end": 99, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 175, "end": 179, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 181, "end": 193, "label": "JOB", "value": "Commissioner"}, {"start": 194, "end": 225, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gustavo Augusto Freitas de Lima"}, {"start": 496, "end": 500, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lima"}, {"start": 533, "end": 539, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 684, "end": 692, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 697, "end": 705, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 707, "end": 711, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lima"}, {"start": 755, "end": 762, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thomson"}, {"start": 850, "end": 853, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 866, "end": 872, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}]}
{"unique_index": 21163, "source_text": "Sub-Saharan Africa: Why do less than 12 percent of Africans have AI access?\n\nWhile African capitals step up their national AI strategy announcements and tech giants launch their “innovation hubs across the continent , millions of households are still living without reliable electricity . This striking paradox is central to our interview with Togolese IT specialist and internet governance and digital policy expert, Folli Herbert Amouzougan, who is also a shrewd observer of Sub-Saharan Africa’s technological dynamics. Contrary to the enchanting narratives surrounding African “technological advances”, Folli Herbert Amouzougan asks a simple question. Given the current circumstances, can we really imagine artificial intelligence (AI) in a continent where we can’t yet guarantee electricity? Beyond algorithms, connectivity, and even data, there is a lack of electrical wiring. Based on this often-overlooked fundamental reality, he methodically debunks the prevailing optimistic tech narrative, outlining the energy, digital, economic, and linguistic divides that determine the continent’s access to AI. In this candid interview, Folli Herbert Amouzougan questions the responsibilities of states, telecom operators, tech companies, and local civil societies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa: Why do less than 12 percent of Africans have AI access?"}, {"start": 218, "end": 226, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 356, "end": 366, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}, {"start": 418, "end": 442, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Folli Herbert Amouzougan"}, {"start": 477, "end": 495, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 606, "end": 630, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Folli Herbert Amouzougan"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1159, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Folli Herbert Amouzougan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21164, "source_text": "Jean Sovon (JS): African governments and leading tech companies announce national AI strategies, innovation hubs, and partnerships with Google and Microsoft, while a large proportion of the population experiences daily power outages . How would you describe the gap between the political rhetoric surrounding AI and the basic infrastructure reality in Sub-Saharan Africa ? Folli Herbert Amouzougan (FHA) : Je qualifierai d'aberrant ce décalage entre les discours politiques sur l'IA et la réalité des infrastructures de base en Afrique subsaharienne. Je pense que ces déclarations sont semblables à un saut dans le vide et qu'il ne sert à rien de mettre la charrue avant les bœufs. Il m'est inconcevable de réaliser n'importe quelle prouesse technologique dans un pays sans assainir et stabiliser le secteur énergétique prioritairement et doter le pays en question d'infrastructures de base (en exemple un réseau électrique efficace, efficient et opérationnel couvrant au moins 95% du territoire). L'on ne peut construire une tour (IA) sans la bonne fondation (infrastructure énergétique et de connectivité). I would say the gap between the political rhetoric surrounding AI and the basic infrastructure reality in Sub-Saharan Africa is untenable. I believe these pronouncements are like leaping into the unknown, and there’s no point getting ahead of ourselves.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 10, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jean Sovon"}, {"start": 136, "end": 142, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 147, "end": 156, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 213, "end": 218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 352, "end": 370, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 373, "end": 397, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Folli Herbert Amouzougan"}, {"start": 978, "end": 980, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95"}, {"start": 1215, "end": 1233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21165, "source_text": "Achieving any technological feat in a country without first improving and stabilizing the energy sector and equipping it with basic infrastructure, such as an efficient and functional electricity grid that covers at least 95 percent of the country, is inconceivable to me. You cannot build a tower (AI) without a solid foundation (energy and connectivity infrastructure). Read: A lack of electricity and internet access hinders AI adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa JS: To what extent does the energy divide pose the primary obstacle to substantial AI adoption in this region? FHA : Votre question elle-même pose déjà les bases de la compréhension de la fracture énergétique. J'ai l'habitude de dire qu'il y a des africains entiers jouissant normalement des mêmes droits que vous et moi mais qui n'ont jamais allumé une ampoule électrique toute leur vie et sont morts sans connaître l'électricité. Or utiliser un outil d'IA générative suppose un appareil chargé, une connexion stable, souvent un abonnement payant. Le manque d'accès à l'électricité est le premier verrou puisque toute l'infrastructure de l'IA (si locale) ainsi que les terminaux d'interaction (Smartphones, PC, etc) ainsi que les moyens d'accès (SAT, Internet) sont électricité dépendants!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 222, "end": 224, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95"}, {"start": 443, "end": 461, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21166, "source_text": "Sans électricité, il n'y a pas d'Internet, pas de routeurs allumés, pas d'antennes de télécommunications fonctionnelles, …., impossibilité de charger même un seul Smartphone. FHA: Your question lays the groundwork for a better understanding of the energy divide. I often point out that there are entire African populations who typically have the same rights as you and I, but have never switched on an electric lightbulb in their lives, and die without ever experiencing electricity. Yet, using generative AI tools requires a charged device, a stable connection, and often a paid subscription. The lack of electricity access is the primary obstacle, since all AI infrastructure (whether local), interaction devices (smartphones, PCs, etc.), and means of access (SAT, internet) depend on electricity! Without electricity, there’s no internet, no operational routers, no functional telecommunications antennas, and an inability to charge smartphones. JS: Sub-Saharan Africa is often cited as a mobile success story. However, browsing Facebook over 3G is very different from using a Large Language Model (LLM), which requires low latency and sustained bandwidth. Where exactly is the line between “ connected” and “connected for AI,” and how many people on the continent actually cross this threshold?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 953, "end": 971, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 1032, "end": 1040, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1239, "end": 1243, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21167, "source_text": "FHA : Généralement les “connectés” sont en 2G ou 3G et même en ADSL et sont caractérisés par un faible débit et donc des temps de latence élevés et l'utilisation des réseaux sociaux tandis que les “connectés pour l'IA” sont en 4G stable et plus voire en 6G ou encore la fibre optique, la vraie, caractérisés par des débits élevés et des temps de latence faibles, … allant avec la puissance qu'il faut. La frontière n'est pas un seuil technique unique que je peux juste vous donner en guise de réponse mais plutôt la combinaison de plusieurs conditions devant être réunies au même moment. Avant l'IA générative, “nous” (il y a toujours des exclus) jouissions tous du SMS/voix, Web mobile et du Streaming/Vidéo. Mais le challenge aujourd'hui est d'avoir des sessions continues sans coupure alliant streaming, téléversement et possibilité d'interactions en temps réel. Pour ce faire, cette frontière constitue l'ensemble de critères indissociables suivants: débit, latence, stabilité de la connexion (difficile de faire de l'IA générative via ADSL), qualité du terminal utilisé (un vieux Smartphone est un frein), la langue, compte requis ou non et le coût par session.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21168, "source_text": "L'on comprend la raison pour laquelle cette frontière est donc contraignante et exclusive! La langue est un autre facteur important car un utilisateur lambda bien nanti et disposant de tout mais ne parlant que le Guin (langue parlée par le peuple Guin au sud du Togo) de chez moi, se retrouvera face un outil Large Language Model (LLM) qui ne comprend pas son registre de langue et l'on ne peut parler de dialogue ou de communication lorsque le registre de l'un est différent de celui de l'autre. La frontière n'est donc pas une ligne tracée mais un filtre à mailles. Ce qu'il faut retenir dans le contexte Africain est que cette frontière est simultanément technique, économique et linguistique. Je suis tenté de dire que le taux d'Africains qui franchissent réellement ce seuil aujourd'hui sera en dessous de 12% à voir toutes les mailles du filtre à réunir pour passer. Il sera très difficile d'avoir 2 personnes sur 10. FHA: Generally speaking, those “connected” use 2G or 3G, or even ADSL, for social networking and have low bandwidth and high latency.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 262, "end": 266, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 811, "end": 813, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 904, "end": 905, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2"}, {"start": 920, "end": 922, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}]}
{"unique_index": 21169, "source_text": "Whereas those “connected for AI” use stable 4G or even 6G and full-fiber networks, which offer high bandwidth and low latency to meet the processing power requirements. The line isn’t a specific technical threshold I can give you in this answer, but a combination of criteria that must be met simultaneously. Before generative AI, “we” all (there are always exceptions) benefited from SMS/voice, mobile web, and streaming/video. However, today, the challenge is maintaining uninterrupted sessions that incorporate streaming, uploading, and real-time interactions. To that end, this line involves all aspects of the following inextricably linked criteria: bandwidth, latency, connection stability (generative AI is difficult over ADSL), device quality (old smartphones pose an obstacle), language, whether an account is required, and cost per session. It is understandable why this line is so restrictive and exclusive! Language is another key factor: the average well-off, well-equipped user from back home, who only speaks Guin (a language spoken in southern Togo), will encounter a Large Language Model (LLM) tool that doesn’t understand their language register. There can be no dialogue or communication when one’s register is different from another’s.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 438, "end": 443, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 1060, "end": 1064, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}]}
{"unique_index": 21170, "source_text": "The line, therefore, isn’t a straight path, but an interconnected filtering system. What we must remember in the African context is that this line is simultaneously technical, economic, and linguistic. I would say the percentage of Africans actually crossing this threshold today is less than 12 percent, given all the criteria they must meet to do so. It will be extremely challenging to find 2 in 10 people. JS: In response to the outages and data costs , adaptations such as offline use, lightweight models, embedded AI on devices, and access via feature phones are emerging. Do these seem like sustainable or stopgap solutions to you that don’t address the problem’s structural causes ? FHA : Solutions durables ou palliatives, tout dépend de l'angle choisi et surtout de la finalité. D'entrée, il faut reconnaître que la durabilité dépend totalement de l'entité qui finance ces adaptations et l'intérêt visé. Dans une démarche évolutive, les approches adaptées (leur utilisation) apportent une valeur ajoutée à leur cible, dans les domaines de l'éducation, de l'agriculture et de la santé par exemple, dans un contexte local sans dépendance d'une infrastructure inexistante.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 274, "end": 279, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 293, "end": 295, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 394, "end": 395, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2"}, {"start": 399, "end": 401, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}]}
{"unique_index": 21171, "source_text": "Mais le danger réside en le fait d'avoir une IA appauvrie en capacité pour les moins nantis alors que les mieux connectés profiteront des pleines capacités et donc des usages plus puissants. Cela met en exergue un accès de second rang. Et cet état de choses ne permet pas ou n'oblige pas les gouvernements qui ne s'inscrivent pas dans une démarche évolutive à s'attaquer aux causes structurelles. FHA: Sustainable or stopgap solutions, it all depends on the approach taken, and especially the aim. First, we must recognize that sustainability depends on the organization funding these adaptations and the intended benefits. Within the scope of progressive initiatives, locally tailored approaches bring added value to their targets in sectors such as education, agriculture, and health, without depending on nonexistent infrastructure. However, the danger lies in AI having reduced capabilities for those less fortunate, while those better connected benefit from its full capabilities and more powerful usage. This underscores the second-tier access. The current state of affairs neither enables nor compels governments that don’t adopt progressive approaches to address the structural causes.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21172, "source_text": "JS: Who’s responsible for making AI accessible in Sub-Saharan Africa, and what practical measures do you expect from each stakeholder? FHA : La responsabilité au sens large est partagée et c'est effectivement ce qui permet à chaque acteur de se dédouaner et de s'accuser mutuellement permettant d'entretenir le statu quo. En réalité, les États ont la pleine responsabilité de l'électrification, de la régulation et de l'institutionnel. Les opérateurs télécoms maintiennent des tarifs data élevés dans des marchés peu concurrentiels, le Togo en est un exemple avec uniquement deux opérateurs de téléphonie mobile. Ils gagneraient en investissant dans les infrastructures en zones rurales et ont pour responsabilité l'accessibilité réseau avec des mécanismes de haute disponibilité alors que les Entreprises d'IA se doivent d'adapter leurs technologies. Elles peuvent par exemple investir dans des modèles multilingues et nouer des partenariats avec des acteurs locaux qui comprennent les enjeux et qui sont capables d'exprimer les contraintes d'usage, au lieu de signer des accords de façades avec des gouvernements pour des “hubs” qui ne profitent réellement qu'à une minorité: les élites et les expatriés.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 50, "end": 68, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sub-Saharan Africa"}, {"start": 536, "end": 540, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}]}
{"unique_index": 21173, "source_text": "Les acteurs locaux quant à eux doivent continuer d'innover selon les réalités de terrain et les contextes en proposant des solutions SMART aux problèmes réels. FHA: Broadly speaking, responsibility is shared, which effectively enables each stakeholder to shift the blame and accuse one another, maintaining the status quo. In reality, states have full responsibility for electrification, regulations, and industries. Telecom operators keep data tariffs high in low-competition markets. Togo is the perfect example, with only two mobile phone operators that would benefit from investing in rural infrastructure. They are responsible for network accessibility through high-availability mechanisms, while AI companies are responsible for adapting their technologies. For example, they could invest in multilingual models and develop partnerships with local stakeholders who understand the challenges and can communicate the usage constraints, rather than signing superficial “hub agreements” with governments that would only benefit the minority: the elite and expats. Local stakeholders must continue to innovate in accordance with on-the-ground realities and contexts, offering SMART solutions to real-world problems.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 282, "end": 285, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 486, "end": 490, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Togo"}, {"start": 525, "end": 528, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21174, "source_text": "Meta removes Bangladeshi community archivists’ pages through false copyright claims\n\nFor the past several months, a coordinated digital campaign has targeted community archivists in Bangladesh who document and preserve audiovisual material related to the July 2024 Student-People’s Mass Uprising , including its history, collective memory, and records of human rights violations. These attacks systematically exploit weaknesses in Meta’s copyright enforcement mechanisms, with the primary objective of removing Facebook pages that host critical documentation of the movement. Despite repeated appeals to Meta by affected community archivists, the responses have been limited and largely ineffective. We spoke with at least three young documentarians through messaging platforms and phone calls. They confirmed that their Facebook pages functioned as informal but highly significant digital archives of this historical moment. A substantial portion of this content is already being used as evidentiary material in proceedings at the Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal addressing mass violence linked to the July 2024 uprising. Read more: Concerted attacks against Bangladeshi activists on Facebook When copyright strikes are submitted using fake email identities and fabricated claims, Meta removes videos and images without adequate verification or due process.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 83, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Meta removes Bangladeshi community archivists’ pages through false copyright claims"}, {"start": 93, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past several months"}, {"start": 182, "end": 192, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 255, "end": 264, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 431, "end": 435, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 511, "end": 519, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 604, "end": 608, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 723, "end": 728, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 821, "end": 829, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1032, "end": 1042, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1072, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Crimes Tribunal"}, {"start": 1112, "end": 1121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 1181, "end": 1190, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1194, "end": 1202, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1291, "end": 1295, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}]}
{"unique_index": 21175, "source_text": "For many self-organized archivist communities, Facebook has served as their primary platform for public engagement and memory preservation. As a result of Meta’s failure to ensure adequate safeguards, critical documentation is being lost, directly affecting broader transitional justice processes. A vital platform, with coordinated abuse Saleh Mahmud Rayhan, a student involved in the July 2024 uprising, later co-founded the July Revolutionary Alliance (JRA) with a group of his contemporaries. In an interview conducted with Global Voices via Zoom, Rayhan stated that the organization’s mandate includes collecting, preserving, and disseminating videos documenting human rights violations, using Facebook as its primary platform to reach the public. For many young, self-organized communities in Bangladesh — often operating without formal training, technical capacity, or institutional funding — Facebook has become the default infrastructure for documentation and outreach. As the m ost widely used platform among Bangladeshi internet users , it serves not only as a publishing tool but also as a space to amplify victims’ voices and share evidence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 47, "end": 55, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 155, "end": 159, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 339, "end": 358, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saleh Mahmud Rayhan"}, {"start": 386, "end": 395, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 427, "end": 454, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "July Revolutionary Alliance"}, {"start": 456, "end": 459, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "JRA"}, {"start": 528, "end": 541, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 546, "end": 550, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Zoom"}, {"start": 552, "end": 558, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rayhan"}, {"start": 699, "end": 707, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 757, "end": 761, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 799, "end": 809, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 900, "end": 908, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}]}
{"unique_index": 21176, "source_text": "In JRA’s case, these materials have contributed to broader accountability efforts , including ongoing proceedings at the International Crimes Tribunal examining allegations of crimes against humanity, including murder and enforced disappearance, linked to the July 2024 student-led protests. On February 15, 2026, Meta suspended JRA’s main Facebook page, which had approximately 547,000 followers, citing multiple copyright violations. However, the materials shared on the page were user-generated and distributed for non-commercial, public-interest purposes. While JRA does not claim ownership of all content, closer scrutiny suggests that those submitting the copyright complaints were not the rightful owners either. On 22 March, JRA’s backup page, “July Revolutionary Alliance, South Region,” was also suspended on similar grounds. Although the page was later restored after multiple appeals, it remains at risk due to ongoing false claims. A similar pattern affected The Red July , another self-organized community archivist group formed by survivors of the July 2024 uprising that works to document violations and amplify affected voices. The group lost two of its Facebook pages under comparable circumstances.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 121, "end": 150, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Crimes Tribunal"}, {"start": 260, "end": 269, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 295, "end": 312, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 15, 2026"}, {"start": 314, "end": 318, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 340, "end": 348, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 379, "end": 386, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "547,000"}, {"start": 723, "end": 731, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "22 March"}, {"start": 753, "end": 780, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "July Revolutionary Alliance"}, {"start": 782, "end": 794, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Region"}, {"start": 972, "end": 984, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Red July"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1072, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 1171, "end": 1179, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}]}
{"unique_index": 21177, "source_text": "Sajib Hossain, an administrator of The Red July, stated during a phone call and later provided supporting documentation via WhatsApp messages that the group’s two primary pages — one with approximately 300,000 followers and the other with 125,000, named “The Red July Production”—simultaneously received between eight and ten copyright strikes. As a result, the pages were suspended almost immediately, leaving administrators with insufficient time to respond or implement protective measures. Findings from the investigation indicate that these claims do not appear to constitute legitimate copyright disputes. Instead, individuals are seemingly creating fake email accounts and submitting third-party complaints. Meta appears to accept these claims without sufficient verification, resulting in the removal of content, including materials originally published by the communities themselves. Automated appeal mechanisms have so far provided limited effective remedies. Meta’s failure to safeguard the affected pages Both organizations report a consistent pattern of targeted harassment. They describe receiving explicit threats from cyber groups aligned with political actors connected to ongoing trials for crimes against humanity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 35, "end": 47, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Red July"}, {"start": 124, "end": 132, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 159, "end": 162, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 179, "end": 182, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 202, "end": 209, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300,000"}, {"start": 239, "end": 246, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "125,000"}, {"start": 255, "end": 267, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Red July"}, {"start": 312, "end": 325, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight and ten"}, {"start": 715, "end": 719, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 970, "end": 974, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1021, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21178, "source_text": "These threats often demand the removal of posts related to political figures, including former Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina . A Facebook page named “Network-71” publicly declared its intention to remove content from The Red July. Similarly, accounts using the names “ Mahir Chowdhury ” and “ Nadim Chowdhury ” issued public threats to take down posts related to the July 2024 uprising. Shortly after such warnings, waves of false copyright claims are reportedly submitted from anonymous or unverified email accounts targeting the same content. In several cases, individuals publicly announce intended takedowns, issue threats, and later share screenshots celebrating successful removals. See here and here . These posts, often accompanied by celebratory or abusive language, suggest deliberate and coordinated misuse of platform reporting systems. Despite these clear indicators, including prior threats and synchronized reporting, Meta has not taken effective action to identify or prevent this pattern of abuse. Saleh Mahmud Rayhan described how one account sent direct messages warning that specific posts had to be removed or the entire page would be taken down.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 95, "end": 105, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 106, "end": 120, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 121, "end": 134, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 139, "end": 147, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 227, "end": 239, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "The Red July"}, {"start": 377, "end": 386, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 558, "end": 565, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 943, "end": 947, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 1025, "end": 1044, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saleh Mahmud Rayhan"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1062, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21179, "source_text": "Within two days, around seven posts were targeted with false claims. Meta accepted the claims, removed the posts, and subsequently suspended the page. JRA representatives later contacted individuals whose names had been used in the complaints. Those individuals confirmed that they had not submitted any copyright claims, indicating that their identities may have been misused through fabricated email accounts. Rayhan emphasized that these removals resulted in the loss of critical visual evidence documenting human rights violations during the uprising. A recurring tactic of digital repression in Bangladesh The use of copyright claims to suppress political opponents is not new in Bangladesh. Rather, it appears to have become a recurring method used to restrict critical voices online. In 2022, independent news site Netra News reported that groups linked to the then- Awami League -led government were involved in hacking critics’ Facebook accounts. Around the same period, separate reporting documented how a hacker group took down Amar Desh Online , a media outlet critical of the government, through the use of false copyright claims.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two days"}, {"start": 24, "end": 29, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}, {"start": 69, "end": 73, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 155, "end": 170, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 412, "end": 418, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rayhan"}, {"start": 600, "end": 610, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 685, "end": 695, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 794, "end": 798, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 822, "end": 832, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Netra News"}, {"start": 874, "end": 886, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 937, "end": 945, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}]}
{"unique_index": 21180, "source_text": "Read more: Bangladesh: Meta accuses ruling party and think tank of coordinated inauthentic behavior Recent incidents suggest that similar tactics are now being used more broadly: not only against political opponents, but also against human rights groups, investigative journalists, and fact-checking initiatives. One example involves The Dissent , a Bangladesh-based investigative and fact-checking platform that has been targeted by fake copyright claims. The publication’s editor, Qadaruddin Shishir , stated in an interview that several of their reports, including fact-checks of AI-generated images, were removed from Facebook after being flagged for alleged copyright violations. Despite the content being originally produced by their own reporters, Shishir noted that these complaints originated from unverifiable email addresses but were nonetheless accepted by Meta Platforms, Inc. without meaningful scrutiny. These fraudulent tactics have affected a broad spectrum of voices, with activists and journalists among the primary targets. The reach of these claims has extended to the former interim government’s official advisory pages , the social media accounts of the Head of Government, and memorial tributes to slain activist Osman Hadi .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 21, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 23, "end": 27, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 150, "end": 153, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 269, "end": 280, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 313, "end": 316, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 350, "end": 360, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 475, "end": 481, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 483, "end": 501, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Qadaruddin Shishir"}, {"start": 622, "end": 630, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 744, "end": 753, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporters"}, {"start": 755, "end": 762, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shishir"}, {"start": 869, "end": 883, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta Platforms"}, {"start": 991, "end": 1000, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1016, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1195, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Head of Government"}, {"start": 1228, "end": 1236, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1237, "end": 1247, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osman Hadi"}]}
{"unique_index": 21181, "source_text": "The system’s lack of scrutiny was further highlighted when original materials, including a journalist’s own photography, were erroneously flagged as infringing and removed from the platform. In several cases, coordinated groups have openly claimed responsibility for these takedowns. Groups identifying themselves as “Crack Platoon, Bangladesh Cyber Force,” “Dark Cyber Gang,” and “Qawmi Cyber Expert Team” have publicly stated that they use copyright reporting tools to remove pages and accounts, and have shared evidence of these actions online. Platform failure and an accountability gap These incidents point to significant weaknesses in Meta’s copyright enforcement processes. The lack of effective verification appears to allow coordinated actors to misuse reporting systems to target activists, archivists, and journalists. This issue extends beyond routine content moderation concerns. The removal of such content affects the ability to document events, share information, and preserve records that may be relevant to accountability processes. Without stronger safeguards — including improved verification, greater transparency in decision-making, and accessible appeal mechanisms — these practices are likely to continue, with broader implications for digital rights and public-interest documentation in Bangladesh.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 91, "end": 101, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 194, "end": 201, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 318, "end": 331, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Crack Platoon"}, {"start": 333, "end": 343, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 382, "end": 405, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Qawmi Cyber Expert Team"}, {"start": 642, "end": 646, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 791, "end": 800, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 818, "end": 829, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1313, "end": 1323, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 21182, "source_text": "AI hype narrative reaches the public healthcare system in El Salvador\n\nSince the beginning of his presidency, Nayib Bukele has presented himself and his government as a force of innovation. In 2021, El Salvador approved the Bitcoin Law, becoming the first country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender . This regulation was reformed in 2025 , following pressure from the International Monetary Fund regarding Bitcoin adoption risks , at which point the text approved by the Legislative Assembly made the use of the cryptocurrency voluntary rather than mandatory. Modernizing public sector processes and services through artificial intelligence (AI) has become another important aspect of the Bukele’s administration’s promotion. In 2023, El Salvador’s government signed an agreement with Google under which the tech company was tasked with supporting the country’s public sector digital transformation. In 2024, Google opened a new office in El Salvador dedicated to providing these services. A similar agreement was signed in late 2025 with xAI to launch Grok for Education, an initiative expected to reach 5,000 schools and over one million children.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI hype narrative reaches the public healthcare system in El Salvador"}, {"start": 110, "end": 122, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nayib Bukele"}, {"start": 193, "end": 197, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 199, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 224, "end": 235, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bitcoin Law"}, {"start": 331, "end": 335, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 366, "end": 393, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Monetary Fund"}, {"start": 469, "end": 489, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Legislative Assembly"}, {"start": 687, "end": 693, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukele"}, {"start": 727, "end": 731, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 733, "end": 744, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 783, "end": 789, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 901, "end": 905, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 907, "end": 913, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 937, "end": 948, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1031, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1051, "end": 1055, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Grok"}, {"start": 1103, "end": 1108, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5,000"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1137, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21183, "source_text": "In April 2026, while promoting the SovAI Summit , a conference held in El Salvador for those who do not want to be “left behind in regulatory stagnation,” Stacy Herbert, Director of El Salvador’s National Bitcoin Office , stated in a post on X that the country is “the World’s AI Sandbox.” She argued that “while the rest of the world builds regulatory walls around AI, El Salvador chose a bolder path: fully integrating it into a national strategy for rapid human progress,” referring to the country's regulatory framework advancing the use of AI. Narrative: With the support of AI, El Salvador is building the best public healthcare system in the world That same month, in the vein of integrating AI for “rapid human progress,” El Salvador’s government announced the launch of the second phase of DoctorSV, a telemedicine app initially set in motion in 2025 with the support of the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF) and Google.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 13, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 71, "end": 82, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 155, "end": 168, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stacy Herbert"}, {"start": 170, "end": 219, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Director of El Salvador’s National Bitcoin Office"}, {"start": 242, "end": 243, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 370, "end": 381, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 584, "end": 595, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 730, "end": 741, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 855, "end": 859, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 884, "end": 917, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Development Bank of Latin America"}, {"start": 926, "end": 935, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 946, "end": 952, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}]}
{"unique_index": 21184, "source_text": "In an address to the nation , Bukele — together with Guy Nae, Public Sector Head of Google Cloud SpLatam; Edgardo Von Euw, a physician specializing in the public sector and AI application; Stella Aslibekyan, who has a PhD in epidemiology; and Pablo Bartol, Social and Human Development Manager at CAF — pushed the narrative that the public healthcare system his government is building with the help of AI is uniquely improving the healthcare sector and will become a reference for the rest of the world. Von Euw argued that the AI assistant integrated into the telemedicine app will help identify chronic disease risks by analyzing medical records via a questionnaire that patients will answer, automatically creating orders for lab analysis without the need for an in-person doctor’s appointment. He added that once the lab results come back, the AI assistant will provide a diagnostic classification to the doctor, who can assist through the app. He also explained that by sending messages and scheduling calls for the doctors, the AI assistant will help ensure patients follow up on their treatments. Bukele described the tech as “a person” dedicated to ensuring that each Salvadoran adheres to their treatment, something he argued even the private sector cannot offer. Efficiency is directly tied to AI under this narrative.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 30, "end": 36, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukele"}, {"start": 53, "end": 60, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Guy Nae"}, {"start": 62, "end": 80, "label": "JOB", "value": "Public Sector Head"}, {"start": 84, "end": 104, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google Cloud SpLatam"}, {"start": 106, "end": 121, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Edgardo Von Euw"}, {"start": 125, "end": 134, "label": "JOB", "value": "physician"}, {"start": 189, "end": 206, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stella Aslibekyan"}, {"start": 243, "end": 255, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pablo Bartol"}, {"start": 257, "end": 293, "label": "JOB", "value": "Social and Human Development Manager"}, {"start": 297, "end": 300, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CAF"}, {"start": 508, "end": 511, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Euw"}, {"start": 776, "end": 782, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctor"}, {"start": 909, "end": 915, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctor"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1028, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1110, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukele"}]}
{"unique_index": 21185, "source_text": "Bukele has repeatedly referred to the time Salvadorans would save thanks to it, while Von Euw claimed that this would be the first system in the world to integrate AI “horizontally” from beginning to end — something Bukele suggested not even developed countries are doing at the moment. It is also a narrative asserted by both local and media outlets supportive of Bukele, including Diario El Salvador and Colombian magazine Revista Semana . Likewise, it has been shared in The Lancet, a peer-reviewed general medical journal, in a publication arguing that “El Salvador's program offers a replicable model for efforts seeking to leverage the potential of AI to enhance healthcare delivery in resource-constrained settings,” expectations likewise communicated by the CAF . The context surrounding the narrative Meanwhile, doctors and healthcare workers point to the progressive deterioration of the public healthcare system, with insufficient coverage, deficiencies in care quality, shortages of medical supplies, and a lack of transparency in health policy — which, they argue, adversely affect both healthcare professionals and the general population. Bukele’s administration has been firing large numbers of public healthcare workers, with more than 7,700 reported layoffs in 2025 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukele"}, {"start": 90, "end": 93, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Euw"}, {"start": 216, "end": 222, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukele"}, {"start": 365, "end": 371, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukele"}, {"start": 390, "end": 401, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 425, "end": 439, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Revista Semana"}, {"start": 558, "end": 569, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 821, "end": 828, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1099, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1153, "end": 1159, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukele"}, {"start": 1252, "end": 1257, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7,700"}, {"start": 1278, "end": 1282, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21186, "source_text": "Rafael Aguirre, secretary of the Union of Doctors of Social Security Workers (SIMETRISSS), and Iván Solano, president of the Medical College, have also warned of a potential shift toward privatization with the 2025 Law for Creating the National Hospital Network — a regulation they argue increases the concentration of power within the executive branch, and potentially tighter control over health workers. In response to the announcement of the second phase of DoctorSV, Aguirre argued that lack of face-to-face interaction limits comprehensive clinical evaluation, potentially leading to errors or delays in the detection of complications. Managing chronic illnesses, he noted, effectively depends on direct doctor monitoring and regular evaluation of the patient’s medical history. In an interview with the BBC , Solano stated, “We don't disagree with DoctorSV; what we don't think is right is that this platform is given preferential treatment, both in budget and supplies.” At the same time, he recognized that for some Salvadorans, the app might be an immediate solution. Solano also expressed concerns about the funding scheme behind the app, as the resources come from a loan rather than from sustainable, long-term public funds. Aguirre added that with the launch of this app, El Salvador has become a “testing lab” once more, just as it was with Bitcoin.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rafael Aguirre"}, {"start": 16, "end": 25, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 33, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Union of Doctors of Social Security Workers"}, {"start": 78, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SIMETRISSS"}, {"start": 95, "end": 106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Iván Solano"}, {"start": 108, "end": 117, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 125, "end": 140, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Medical College"}, {"start": 210, "end": 214, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 215, "end": 261, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Law for Creating the National Hospital Network"}, {"start": 472, "end": 479, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aguirre"}, {"start": 710, "end": 716, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctor"}, {"start": 810, "end": 813, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 816, "end": 822, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Solano"}, {"start": 949, "end": 953, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1084, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Solano"}, {"start": 1238, "end": 1245, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aguirre"}, {"start": 1286, "end": 1297, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}]}
{"unique_index": 21187, "source_text": "Cybersecurity experts have cautioned that “there is still not enough information to guarantee that the tool will adequately safeguard citizens’ medical records.” In the past, privacy has been an issue with other government-backed apps in El Salvador. In 2021, businesspeople, journalists, and human rights activists reported that their personal data was being used without their authorization in El Chivo Wallet. Government institutions were also hacked several times in 2024 . In his national address, Bukele highlighted what he considers his government’s positive reputation regarding security policies, to hint at the reputational impact of the launch of the AI-assisted healthcare system. Reflecting on its potential to make the country a reference for the region and the world, he linked the AI hype to his administration’s claims of proven success. There have been attempts to replicate and celebrate the government’s security policy — supported by a 2022 State of Exception that is still in effect — for its rapid results, but it is being widely questioned for alleged human rights violations , including the use of Pegasus spyware to track journalists .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 238, "end": 249, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 254, "end": 258, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 276, "end": 287, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 293, "end": 315, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights activists"}, {"start": 454, "end": 461, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 471, "end": 475, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 503, "end": 509, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bukele"}, {"start": 957, "end": 961, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 962, "end": 980, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "State of Exception"}, {"start": 1148, "end": 1159, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21188, "source_text": "New tech, new rules: Narrative and civil society in the age of AI and algorithms\n\nTechnology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and algorithm-driven platforms is having unprecedented impacts on almost every aspect of life, from academia to employment to the environment. When it comes to social justice, democracy and human rights, things look bleak: algorithms are channeling us into ideological echo-chambers, while AI has taken surveillance and data extraction to alarming new levels. At the same time, social media platforms enable civil society organizations to reach audiences and tell stories in powerful new ways, while AI allows people to do research and message testing they would never otherwise be able to afford. As part of a recent project called “New Tech, New Rules,” the International Resource for Impact and Storytelling (IRIS) , with support from Luminate and the Open Society Foundations , commissioned 10 case studies from organizations and researchers across the Global Majority, to hear how this new technology is affecting them and their work, and how they are adapting and adjusting.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 80, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "New tech, new rules: Narrative and civil society in the age of AI and algorithms"}, {"start": 885, "end": 909, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Open Society Foundations"}, {"start": 925, "end": 927, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 964, "end": 975, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21189, "source_text": "The studies came from across Latin America and the Caribbean, the Arab region, Nigeria, Tunisia, India and Hong Kong. Each case study is incredibly rich and interesting in itself (and some of their authors are writing about them for Global Voices) — but, looking across them, we were able to discern several interesting patterns that perhaps resonate and offer lessons for others. A toolkit of tactics: Co-opting, countering and innovating Across the case studies, we saw three clear ways in which civil society is responding to the tech-infused authoritarian context: through Co-opting, Countering and Innovating. Some organizations are co-opting culture and technology for their own purposes: for example, Fogo Cruzado in Brazil is collaborating with the UK-based Future Narratives Lab to use AI to test messages aimed at reducing public support for police violence in favelas. Others are focused on countering and resisting tech-driven surveillance and digital violence, such as Derechos Digitales , which is using social media to campaign and mobilise opposition against the widespread use of facial recognition technologies by authorities in Brazil and Chile.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 42, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 51, "end": 60, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 79, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 88, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tunisia"}, {"start": 97, "end": 102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 107, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 198, "end": 205, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 233, "end": 246, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 300, "end": 307, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 472, "end": 477, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 724, "end": 730, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 757, "end": 787, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UK-based Future Narratives Lab"}, {"start": 1147, "end": 1153, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1163, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}]}
{"unique_index": 21190, "source_text": "Still others are innovating, finding new forms and approaches to journalism and to narrative civic engagement. An example of the former is Alharaca , a group of feminist journalists from El Salvador working in exile and experimenting with getting offline and slowing down rather than giving in to the tech-driven pressure to speed up. They are bringing audience members together in person and trying out new storytelling approaches, such as board games and immersive sound installations. When it comes to civil society, activists in Hong Kong are adapting to pervasive AI-driven surveillance by using humor, embedding meaning in seemingly innocuous terminology and working through short-lived, temporary organizations. Of course, co-opting technology, countering it, and innovating in the face of it are not mutually exclusive. Fogo Cruzado’s co-optation of the research possibilities AI offers is, of course, hugely innovative. It is only through narrative and organizational innovation that activists in places like Hong Kong and Tunisia are able to counter and resist state repression.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 170, "end": 181, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 187, "end": 198, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 520, "end": 529, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 533, "end": 542, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1002, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1027, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 1032, "end": 1039, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tunisia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21191, "source_text": "Nevertheless, they are also distinct approaches, and we believe this trio of tactics serves as a potentially useful menu for organizations to consider as they navigate our current moment. From the hyperlocal to the transnational Several of the case studies foreground a turn to the hyperlocal as a way to prioritize grassroots issues and voices sidelined by national media and politics, as well as to sidestep the scrutiny of authorities mostly focused on the national stage. Shifting the frame from one that places national politics in the center, what was previously thought of as marginal becomes central: hyperlocal stories, news and politics are where it’s at. This is where politics intersects with people’s lives, where connection and power-building can happen outside of surveilled tech platforms, where issues intersect, where audiences and media creators overlap, and where change seems possible. At the same time, there is a turn to the supra-national, looking at trends and connecting the dots of political developments beyond the nation-state, and as a way of sharing lessons and building cross-border solidarity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 856, "end": 864, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}]}
{"unique_index": 21192, "source_text": "Just as authoritarians connect and learn from one another across borders, just as technology knows no borders, so civil society actors realize they need to connect across boundaries and borders to make meaning and build power. Flexibility is everything In a fast-changing environment, where techno-authoritarianism is both continually innovating and intentionally disrupting and overwhelming, being flexible and adaptable is an essential strategy. While this is apparent across all of the case studies, perhaps the clearest example comes from Hong Kong, where the case study authors highlight the importance of ephemeral infrastructures that can appear, dissolve and reappear or reconfigure themselves as needed. These arrangements — micro-groups, informal collectives, rotating convenors, volunteer networks — sustain momentum while avoiding singular points of vulnerability. This is also a really important lesson for funders to note – both resilience and impact depend on the ability to anticipate and pivot at short notice, and funding arrangements need to build this in. It takes a constellation No single organization can do everything; no one can achieve systemic impact acting alone.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 49, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 318, "end": 322, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 543, "end": 552, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 575, "end": 582, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 938, "end": 942, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21193, "source_text": "As our case studies illustrate, robust, decentralized and collaborative networks are necessary, both within countries and across borders. Narrative workers and civil society actors are actively forming alliances and seeking assistance and expertise from organizations and peers from beyond their fields to bolster their narrative efforts, strengthen their advocacy campaigns, and guard themselves against digital attacks and surveillance. Funding strategies in turn should proactively support what the Polis Project calls “the infrastructure of resistance.” The interconnectedness of narrative, technology and power Across the 10 case studies, we see three elements in constant interaction, each inseparable from the others: narrative, technology and politics. Civil society actors are narrative workers: narrative is upstream of technology, and culture and meaning-making constitute THE key terrain of struggle right now. They are technologists: operating with, on and through current and emergent technology to build power and engage in the struggle over culture, narrative and meaning, constantly adapting and innovating, always balancing technology’s possibilities and affordances with its risks, limitations and harms.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 96, "end": 100, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 502, "end": 515, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Polis Project"}, {"start": 627, "end": 629, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 651, "end": 656, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 918, "end": 921, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 932, "end": 945, "label": "JOB", "value": "technologists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21194, "source_text": "They are political actors, organizers and power-builders: making meaning both about and with technology, in the interests of social justice and democracy. Overall, while the surveillance, abuses, and huge concentrations and imbalances of power that AI and other new technologies enable are very worrying, we found a good deal of encouragement in these case studies. Operating in hostile territory, using tools owned by so-called “ broligarchs ” and authoritarians, social justice-focused advocates and activists, journalists and storytellers around the world are successfully adapting and employing technology and culture to build people power in the interests of democracy and social justice. Brett Davidson is founder and principal at Wingseed LLC , and works with the International Resource for Impact and Storytelling (IRIS) as lead for narrative infrastructure building. Previously he was Director of Media and Narratives at the Open Society Public Health Program, and before that worked in civil society and a radio journalist in South Africa. He writes about narrative change and listening as a political act.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 37, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 73, "end": 77, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 502, "end": 511, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 513, "end": 524, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 694, "end": 708, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Brett Davidson"}, {"start": 712, "end": 719, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 894, "end": 902, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 934, "end": 968, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Open Society Public Health Program"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1032, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1048, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21202, "source_text": "Human rights concerns abound over China’s ‘state secrets’ regulation in the Uyghur region\n\nThe “ Regulations on the Protection of State Secrets in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ,” (新疆维吾尔自治区保守国家秘密条例), which took effect on March 1, 2026, is a de facto local extension of China’s national state secrecy framework. In a region characterized by high levels of security governance and information control, the legal adjustments have significant consequences on the normalization and codification of political repression in the region. The Uyghurs are a native people of the Uyghur region in northwestern China, or Xinjiang. They have a distinct language, ethnicity, and culture that differ from those of the Han people, who represent over 91 percent of China’s population. Following the July 2009 protests in Urumqi, the Chinese government implemented strict control in the region in the name of counterterrorism , while international human rights organizations criticized China for its crackdown and repressive measures , including reports of mass detention, forced disappearances , extensive surveillance systems, and restrictions on religious and cultural life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 89, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Human rights concerns abound over China’s ‘state secrets’ regulation in the Uyghur region"}, {"start": 116, "end": 143, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Protection of State Secrets"}, {"start": 151, "end": 184, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region"}, {"start": 229, "end": 242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 1, 2026"}, {"start": 277, "end": 282, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 606, "end": 611, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 741, "end": 743, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "91"}, {"start": 755, "end": 760, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 789, "end": 798, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2009"}, {"start": 975, "end": 980, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 21203, "source_text": "Many countries have codified the protection of state secrets. However, particularly in Western democracies, such legislation generally aims to prevent the leaking of sensitive information about government and military institutions that could harm national security. By contrast, China’s state secrecy framework, updated in 2024 , extends the definition of “state secrets” to political, economic, technological, and social information considered relevant to national stability. In the Uyghur region, this expansive approach to secrecy becomes especially significant because issues connected to everyday life — including religious practices, cultural expression , communication patterns, and other forms of social behavior — increasingly fall within the scope of security governance and information control. The Uyghur extension of Chinese national law would, therefore, be detrimental, as it has embedded information control within its pre-existing social governance system, thereby bringing surveillance into the everyday life of the Uyghur region. The Uyghur extension of China's national secrecy law While the national law provides an overarching legal framework for protecting state secrets, the Uyghur version details enforcement, technological surveillance, and geographic controls tailored to the region’s unique security priorities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 279, "end": 284, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 323, "end": 327, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1073, "end": 1078, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 21204, "source_text": "In terms of objectives, the local version places maintaining social stability in Xinjiang as a national security issue and adds a specific mandate to “forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation” (Article 3). This implies that local policies that undermine Uyghurs’ ethnic identity, cultural, and religious rights could be justified under the regional secrecy law. The law introduces the new legal concept of “work secrets” (Article 64), which requires government and work units to formulate their own “work secret list” (Article 43) and introduce internal systems to prevent leakage. This further extends the realm of secrecy. As for the law’s enforcement, the Uyghur region’s regulation places a heavier emphasis on mobilizing grassroots organizations, work units, and community-level actors to protect state secrets (Article 8). Grassroots party branches are required to designate liaison officers to handle matters related to secrecy, including public reports of suspicious activities, such as espionage, theft of state secrets, and the disclosure of secrets through books, social media posts, and other channels (Article 39). This creates a more socially embedded system of information control, as the identification, monitoring, and reporting of “sensitive” information are integrated into everyday social management.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 905, "end": 913, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21205, "source_text": "The technological scale of control over sensitive information is also expanded, as the regional law explicitly promotes the use of AI and big data to monitor information flows and protect state secrets (Article 10). Moreover, it mandates a “prevention and control” system maintained through collaboration among the local government, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and the military (Article 12). This strengthens the unique militarized governance structure’s power to control information flow in the region. P oliticization of information Under the current stability control system, governance in the Uyghur region relies heavily on digital surveillance and data integration , including large-scale data collection, algorithmic risk assessment, and real-time monitoring systems, as much research has highlighted. The extensive definition of “state secrets” and “work secrets,” coupled with a grassroots reporting mechanism and an AI-powered monitoring system, makes information dissemination and interpersonal communication subject to security evaluation and thus risky. External information flows, such as speaking with overseas media outlets or foreigners, are even more precarious. Rather than responding to illegal acts, the information-based security governance increasingly focuses on identifying and managing perceived future risks.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21206, "source_text": "This strengthens the pre-existing preventive control system in the name of counter-terrorism that legitimizes state intervention, such as the so-called “ re-education camps ” or “ vocational trainings ,” targeting Uyghur communities’ cultural behaviors, associations, religious practices, communication patterns, and other acts considered potentially sensitive. As information management and monitoring are embedded in the core of Uyghur security governance, individuals become uncertain about what information can be safely shared, resulting in self-censorship as a social norm. These dynamics contribute to what some researchers describe as a “structure of silence,” in which information becomes progressively harder to access — not only because it is restricted, but also because it is never publicly expressed in the first place. Impact on human rights debates International debates about the situation in the Uyghur region often focus on detention policies, religious restrictions, demographic changes, and systems of surveillance. Some governments and researchers alleged that the Chinese repressive policy targeting the Uyghur communities had amounted to “ crimes against humanity ” or “ genocide ,” while others reject these descriptions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 619, "end": 630, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 1058, "end": 1069, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21207, "source_text": "However, these debates depend heavily on the availability of information, and the newly enacted regional state secrecy law makes it more difficult to access or share related information. Claims presented by human rights organizations or international media outlets will become harder to verify as the space for investigation has shrunk. Human rights debates and disagreements will thus become more politically entrenched. In this sense, secrecy laws do not only regulate information — they shape the conditions under which international human rights discussions take place. The significance of the Uyghur region’s “state secrets” regulation lies not only in its legal wording but in how it functions within a broader governance system, i.e., how secrecy functions within a highly securitized political environment. In such a context, the boundaries between information management, surveillance, and social control become increasingly blurred. Ultimately, the regulation raises broader questions about the relationship between information, governance, and human rights. When access to information becomes more restricted, the space for transparency, independent verification, and public accountability becomes narrower as well.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21208, "source_text": "The human cost of the data center push in Latin America\n\nData centers are largely invisible behemoths that power today’s digital age. The facilities are made up of huge warehouses that house servers and other IT infrastructure necessary to process the so-called new oil : data. With the current boom in generative artificial intelligence (AI), the demand for data centers is projected to rise exponentially, around 20 percent every year until 2030, says UNDP . This urgent demand for data centers has been driven by AI and tech companies, which have been aggressively lobbying different governments and pushing narratives that this technology will drive economic growth and progress. As a result, data centers are emerging in regions where they were not historically prioritized, particularly in the Global South. As UNDP mentions , within Latin America and the Caribbean, for example, digital infrastructure is concentrated in just a handful of countries and is mostly privately owned and backed by US investment groups. Steven Gonzalez Monserrate , ethnographic researcher of cloud infrastructures and author of the book “Cloud Ecologies,” calls this process “Terraforming,” changing Earth and the specific way humans live to accommodate computers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 55, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The human cost of the data center push in Latin America"}, {"start": 113, "end": 118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 415, "end": 417, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 426, "end": 436, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every year"}, {"start": 443, "end": 447, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2030"}, {"start": 454, "end": 458, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 800, "end": 812, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}, {"start": 817, "end": 821, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 840, "end": 853, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 862, "end": 871, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1002, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1048, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Steven Gonzalez Monserrate"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1074, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1110, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 1124, "end": 1139, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cloud Ecologies"}]}
{"unique_index": 21209, "source_text": "He explains: We are seeing again the flow of resources these data centers produce to the global north through Western companies. This way, they are entrenching inequalities and creating new colonialism. They are taking land. They are taking natural resources. They might not themselves be countries, but they are behaving like states. Google and Amazon are increasingly behaving like states. They are spending a lot of money to influence politicians. They are spending a lot of money on building infrastructure for their workers and creating these little enclaves within countries for their workers. Indeed, in one investigation, “ Big Tech’s Invisible Hand ” by Centro Latinoamericano de Investigación Periodística (CLIP), together with Agência Pública and 15 media partners, found that tech executives held thousands of meetings with government officials from around the world between 2012 and 2025. And, among the matters discussed, AI, data centers, tech infrastructure, energy, taxes, and government regulation took the center stage — especially in Latin American countries such as Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Argentina. Data centers nearly always affect nearby communities , and the impact is rarely positive .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 335, "end": 341, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 346, "end": 352, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazon"}, {"start": 438, "end": 449, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 611, "end": 614, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 738, "end": 753, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Agência Pública"}, {"start": 758, "end": 760, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 809, "end": 818, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 887, "end": 891, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2012"}, {"start": 896, "end": 900, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1087, "end": 1093, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1108, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1123, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}]}
{"unique_index": 21210, "source_text": "This is because the facilities generally require substantial energy, land, and water resources , and those built specifically to sustain generative AI even more so . These immense demands have already overwhelmed countries in the Global North. So how are countries in the Global South faring? Particularly those with lower GDPs, which already struggle with infrastructure challenges, water shortages, and electric grid management. In this cross-border, collaborative article, Global Voices is sharing stories from several countries in Latin America where communities are pushing back against AI-driven data center development. Find a collaborative piece on how AI development is affecting communities in Asia here . The cost of data centers According to the Data Center Map , Brazil has 206 data centers from 34 markets, leading the Latin America ranking. The federal government has implemented a National Data Center Policy and estimates USD 3 trillion in investments in this sector over the next five years. Officials have also introduced a special tax scheme to incentivize new enterprises to invest in data centers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 272, "end": 284, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}, {"start": 476, "end": 489, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 514, "end": 521, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 535, "end": 548, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 704, "end": 708, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 758, "end": 773, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Data Center Map"}, {"start": 776, "end": 782, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 787, "end": 790, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "206"}, {"start": 809, "end": 811, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 833, "end": 846, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 897, "end": 924, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Data Center Policy"}, {"start": 943, "end": 953, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3 trillion"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1008, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next five years"}]}
{"unique_index": 21211, "source_text": "“Brazil needs a clear policy to attract data centers,” said Márcio Elias Rosa, minister of Development, Industry and Commerce, in an interview with the EBC , a state-owned Brazilian media group, in April. “We must be careful when doing a policy to incentivize attracting data centers with the need to be compatible with environmental issues. Because a data center consumes a lot of energy and hydric resources, water for refrigeration.” One of the most striking examples of how these incentives can disadvantage surrounding communities is the “AI City” project, which will be launched in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil, by Scala , a company that already operates data centers in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Eldorado in Rio Grande do Sul was one of the cities devastated by a historic flood in 2024 , in the southernmost state of Brazil. The floods are considered the worst climate disaster ever recorded in the state, as an estimated 90 perc ent of its territory was underwater for days. Residents remain terrified that the disaster could repeat itself, as flooding is an annual reality in the region, even in less severe years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1, "end": 7, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 60, "end": 77, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Márcio Elias Rosa"}, {"start": 79, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 544, "end": 551, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "AI City"}, {"start": 588, "end": 603, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eldorado do Sul"}, {"start": 605, "end": 611, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 672, "end": 678, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 680, "end": 685, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 691, "end": 697, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 785, "end": 789, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 821, "end": 827, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 926, "end": 928, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}]}
{"unique_index": 21212, "source_text": "The project was first announced in 2024, and once complete, Scala’s venture will be the largest data center in Latin America . This structure is estimated to occupy an area of 7 million square meters and cost at least USD 50 billion. Ambiental Media published an exclusive story in March 2026 reporting that the state government agreed to simplify the environmental licensing process to push project permits through “in the shortest time possible.” The outlet also stated that, by simplifying it, “the company is not required to do an Environmental Impact Study (EIA), nor public hearings.” The Ministry for Mining and Energy authorized access to 1.8 GigaWatts of power, which equals the energy consumed by a city with 6 million inhabitants. Representatives from the energy sector and tech companies are pressuring the federal government to introduce more incentives. A study by IDEC (Consumers’ Defense Institute) entitled “We are not data centers’ backyard,” analyzed cases in Latin America to find a scenario of “communities running out of water, pricier electric bills and projects approved without consulting the population.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 35, "end": 39, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 111, "end": 124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 176, "end": 185, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7 million"}, {"start": 222, "end": 232, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50 billion"}, {"start": 234, "end": 249, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ambiental Media"}, {"start": 282, "end": 292, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 595, "end": 625, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry for Mining and Energy"}, {"start": 647, "end": 650, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.8"}, {"start": 719, "end": 728, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6 million"}, {"start": 742, "end": 757, "label": "JOB", "value": "Representatives"}, {"start": 885, "end": 913, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Consumers’ Defense Institute"}, {"start": 979, "end": 992, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}]}
{"unique_index": 21213, "source_text": "The document stresses the need for effective and clear regulation policies to limit the expansion of projects that could bring social and environmental threats: A ausência de diretrizes robustas pode contribuir para a reprodução de modelos de desenvolvimento que geram impactos socioambientais significativos, os quais, conforme apontado por diferentes levantamentos e estudos recentes, tendem a se concentrar em países do Sul Global, como o Brasil, em razão de marcos regulatórios menos restritivos. The absence of robust guidelines could contribute to reproducing developmental models that generate significant social-environmental impacts, which, as reported by numerous reports and studies recently, tend to concentrate in Global South countries, such as Brazil, due to less restrictive regulatory marks. Developments in Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina In 2017, there were six data center projects in Chile. In 2026, there will be 66 . In Argentina, there are currently 42 data centers , and in Uruguay, 10 . The tech giants that are caught in the AI race, Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and to some extent, Oracle, are all investing in data centers in Latin America.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 442, "end": 448, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 727, "end": 739, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}, {"start": 759, "end": 765, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 825, "end": 830, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 832, "end": 839, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uruguay"}, {"start": 845, "end": 854, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 858, "end": 862, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 875, "end": 878, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 903, "end": 908, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 913, "end": 917, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 933, "end": 935, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "66"}, {"start": 941, "end": 950, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 962, "end": 971, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 972, "end": 974, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "42"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1004, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uruguay"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1008, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1068, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1076, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazon"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1084, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 1151, "end": 1164, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}]}
{"unique_index": 21214, "source_text": "Steven Gonzalez Monserrate, who is researching the environmental and political impact of data centers, said in an interview with Global Voices that when tech companies approach politicians , they often offer glamorous promises to local authorities and communities about job creation, economic gains, and technological advancements. As Monserrate explains: Think of data centers as the future. They think of computers and A.I. This is the future. And why would you want to stop the future? And that’s kind of the narrative. But very few people actually understand how these work. And the mayor doesn’t understand how the data center works. They just see dollar signs, and they get really excited, and they want to have an economic incentive. But in reality, AI data centers do not bring that many economic rewards to local economies. Once they’re built, most require a dozen or a few dozen people to operate, rather than the thousands politicians envision. They also consume vast amounts of utilities: energy, water, and land. This strains local infrastructure, raises electricity prices, and can even create shortages — particularly in times of scarcity, such as the one caused by oil shortages from the US’s war on Iran.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 26, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Steven Gonzalez Monserrate"}, {"start": 129, "end": 142, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 177, "end": 188, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 335, "end": 345, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Monserrate"}, {"start": 532, "end": 535, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 587, "end": 592, "label": "JOB", "value": "mayor"}, {"start": 791, "end": 795, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 868, "end": 873, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozen"}, {"start": 879, "end": 888, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few dozen"}, {"start": 924, "end": 933, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 934, "end": 945, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 1167, "end": 1170, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1204, "end": 1206, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1216, "end": 1220, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}]}
{"unique_index": 21215, "source_text": "Moreover, because they have to function 24/7, 365 days a year, operators are now relying on diesel or gas backup generators, which create air pollution. In addition, they create noise pollution, which can stress communities and create mental and physical problems for nearby residents. Gonzales says: Most data centers have air chiller units on top of the facility. And those air chillers make a loud kind of rattling, humming noise. And since the data center doesn't stop running, it’s a constant operation, you’re going to get that noise constantly. And there’s been a number of really compelling studies on the effects of noise pollution over time on human bodies. Some of those effects are psychological, but they affect your sense of well-being: anxiety, high blood pressure, and stress. Communities are right to be concerned about the introduction of new data centers. An investigation by Amenaza Roboto, produced in partnership with the Pulitzer Center’s AI Accountability Network, found that the environmental impact goes beyond water and electricity usage. Using 25 years of NASA satellite data, reporters found that a data center operated by Antel, Uruguay’s state telecommunications company, creates a heat island visible in satellite imagery, raising temperatures measurably above the surrounding area.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 54, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "365 days"}, {"start": 77, "end": 80, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 286, "end": 294, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gonzales"}, {"start": 944, "end": 987, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pulitzer Center’s AI Accountability Network"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1080, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25 years"}, {"start": 1105, "end": 1114, "label": "JOB", "value": "reporters"}, {"start": 1152, "end": 1157, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Antel"}, {"start": 1159, "end": 1166, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uruguay"}]}
{"unique_index": 21216, "source_text": "Google is currently building a data center just 11 kilometers away that will be five times larger than the Antel center, yet the environmental impact assessment made no mention of the heat island effect. Community resistance In Chile and Uruguay, local communities actually managed to stop Google from building two data centers — at least temporarily. In February 2024, local residents and activists in the town of Cerrillos, on the outskirts of Santiago, Chile’s capital, stopped Google from building a data center , preventing it from using water to cool its servers. They took the issue to the environmental court, which partially blocked Google’s permit (issued in 2020), preventing it from building a data center in the town. The court urged the tech giant to revise its application and consider the environmental impact. Google had announced it would modify the cooling system to use less than the planned 169 liters of water per second. However, following the court decision, it suspended the project and a USD 40 million investment in what would have been the country’s second data center.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 10, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 48, "end": 50, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 80, "end": 84, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 107, "end": 112, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Antel"}, {"start": 228, "end": 233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 238, "end": 245, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uruguay"}, {"start": 290, "end": 296, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 311, "end": 314, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 355, "end": 368, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2024"}, {"start": 390, "end": 399, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 415, "end": 424, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cerrillos"}, {"start": 446, "end": 454, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Santiago"}, {"start": 456, "end": 461, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 481, "end": 487, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 642, "end": 648, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 669, "end": 673, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 827, "end": 833, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 912, "end": 915, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "169"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1028, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21217, "source_text": "The other, built in 2015 and still operating, is situated in Quilicura , on the outskirts of Santiago. At the time of writing this article, there was no news about whether Google would resume construction. Droughts have affected various regions of Chile over a 40-year period, from 1979 to 2019. Furthermore, northern Chile is one of the driest regions in the world, and the central region, which is home to 70 percent of the national population, has had a permanent water deficit since 2010. In 2023, in the midst of Uruguay’s worst drought in 74 years, Google bought 29 hectares (72 acres) of land to build a data center in the Canelones department, in southern Uruguay, reported The Guardian. This data center would have used 7.6 million liters of water per day to cool its servers, equivalent to the daily domestic use of 55,000 people. The water would come directly from the public drinking water system. Public anger remained widespread , and citizens blamed the country’s economic policy, saying that more than 80 percent of water goes to industry. Google had paused the construction shortly after it started in 2023.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 24, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 172, "end": 178, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 248, "end": 253, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 282, "end": 286, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1979"}, {"start": 290, "end": 294, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 318, "end": 323, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 408, "end": 410, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 487, "end": 491, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 496, "end": 500, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 518, "end": 525, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uruguay"}, {"start": 545, "end": 553, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "74 years"}, {"start": 555, "end": 561, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 569, "end": 571, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29"}, {"start": 582, "end": 584, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "72"}, {"start": 664, "end": 671, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uruguay"}, {"start": 729, "end": 740, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7.6 million"}, {"start": 804, "end": 809, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 826, "end": 832, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "55,000"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1020, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80"}, {"start": 1056, "end": 1062, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 1119, "end": 1123, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}]}
{"unique_index": 21218, "source_text": "It is still listed as “under construction” on Google’s data centers web page. However, the construction was approved after Google agreed to change the cooling system to an air conditioning-based method, rather than water-based. “Protests by civil society achieved important changes in the Google project, which was initially going to use large quantities of water.” However, the new plan “has been approved under time pressure, making it hard to assess its impacts,” said Ana Filippini, from the Movement for a Sustainable Uruguay (MOVUS) . Argentina is grappling with its own data center conundrum as it struggles to balance ecological preservation, with fear around missing out on the AI race. The Stargate Argentina project was announced by OpenAI CEO Sam Altman (via video appearance) and Argentina’s President, Javier Milei, in October 2025 as a historical milestone. Indeed, while Open AI would not build or sustain the planned data center itself, the tech giant promised to invest (or rather, as Buenos Aires Times points out), agreed to purchase everything produced by the data center, which would be built by the local company.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 52, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 123, "end": 129, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 289, "end": 295, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 523, "end": 530, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uruguay"}, {"start": 541, "end": 550, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 709, "end": 718, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 744, "end": 750, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenAI"}, {"start": 751, "end": 754, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEO"}, {"start": 755, "end": 765, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sam Altman"}, {"start": 793, "end": 802, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 805, "end": 814, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 833, "end": 845, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1021, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Buenos Aires Times"}]}
{"unique_index": 21219, "source_text": "However, experts warn that Argentina does not yet have a regulatory framework tailored to the installation and operation of large-scale data centers. In practice, the only applicable regulation is the Incentive Regime for Large Investments (RIGI), which offers tax, customs, and financial benefits to attract capital. While this regime may attract investments, it does not address key issues such as environmental safeguards, water use, energy consumption, or long-term planning. Patagonia is seen as an attractive location because of its energy resources, including natural gas and renewable sources such as hydropower and wind energy. But there are many environmental concerns. Overall, Neuquén province appears to be among the most favorable locations for initial deployment, given its growing shale gas industry and clean energy assets. But data centers require significant amounts of water, especially for cooling systems. In regions like Neuquén, water scarcity is already an issue and is expected to worsen with climate change. Communities in the region have raised alarms about cumulative environmental impacts. They point to existing problems linked to oil and gas extraction , such as spills, contamination, and insufficient infrastructure.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 36, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 651, "end": 655, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21242, "source_text": "Ethiopian TikTok grieves a popular creator. Are TikTok and Meta complicit in her death?\n\nContent notice: This article contains mentions of suicide and depression, which some readers may find disturbing. Boni, an Ethiopian content creator who spoke to her audience on TikTok in the Afan Oromo language, died by suicide on April 29, 2026. That day, she posted a farewell message in Afan Oromo on her Facebook account — “ Nagaatti Yaa biyya lafa,” (Goodbye, world), followed five minutes later by a video on TikTok and Facebook, captioned “I said it, it is over,” in which she stated her intent on camera with imagery of the means visible in frame. That video has since been viewed and shared millions of times through stitches (videos where a creator reacts to another’s video, thereby creating new content), reposts, and reactions on TikTok and other platforms; both the farewell post and the video remain on Facebook at the time of writing this article. Neither platform’s automated detection systems flagged the content before Boni’s death.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 87, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ethiopian TikTok grieves a popular creator. Are TikTok and Meta complicit in her death?"}, {"start": 203, "end": 207, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Boni"}, {"start": 222, "end": 237, "label": "JOB", "value": "content creator"}, {"start": 267, "end": 273, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 321, "end": 335, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 29, 2026"}, {"start": 337, "end": 345, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "That day"}, {"start": 398, "end": 406, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 472, "end": 490, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five minutes later"}, {"start": 505, "end": 511, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 516, "end": 524, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 690, "end": 698, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 741, "end": 748, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 833, "end": 839, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 861, "end": 865, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 908, "end": 916, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}]}
{"unique_index": 21243, "source_text": "In the days since, much of the public conversation across Ethiopian TikTok has focused on whether her audience or her circumstances were to blame for her death. However, the question that has received less attention — arguably the more pressing one — is what TikTok and Meta, the company that owns Facebook and Instagram, did and did not do at each stage of a sequence their own published policies were written to interrupt. A creator with a community, on a platform with rules Boni had built a following speaking primarily in Afan Oromo, one of Ethiopia’s most widely spoken languages, on a platform that markets multilingual moderation as a core capability. She was pregnant at the time of her death. According to creators familiar with her work, in the months before her death, she had become a target of recurring online harassment. That harassment was not a vague phenomenon. It was content, hosted on TikTok. In one widely circulated video, a younger creator — visible only as a voice off-camera — prompts an elderly man , on camera, to repeat his wishes against Boni.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 68, "end": 74, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 259, "end": 265, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 270, "end": 274, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 298, "end": 306, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 311, "end": 320, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 427, "end": 434, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 546, "end": 554, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 716, "end": 724, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 907, "end": 913, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 918, "end": 921, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 957, "end": 964, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}]}
{"unique_index": 21244, "source_text": "He participates willingly: wishes for her death, excitement over her eventual funeral, a hope that her pregnancy ends in miscarriage, and other curses. Boni herself drew attention to the video by responding to it on her own account. Visibly tired, she told her followers she had no power to stop this kind of hate and asked them to watch the original and judge for themselves. The content was a clear violation of TikTok’s Hate and Harassment policy , which prohibits “wishing death on a named user.” Yet, it remained online. Boni’s response was itself a user-safety signal — a creator publicly surfacing content that violated platform policy, in plain language, while showing distress and resignation. TikTok still did not act on the underlying videos. What TikTok’s policies promised, and what they didn’t deliver In Boni’s case, none of these mechanisms produced a result before harm occurred. The black-background farewell text was not flagged. Her farewell speech in Afan Oromo was not flagged. The visible imagery — exactly the kind of signal TikTok and Meta’s image classifiers are explicitly trained to detect — was not flagged.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 355, "end": 360, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 414, "end": 420, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 578, "end": 585, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 703, "end": 709, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 759, "end": 765, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1055, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 1060, "end": 1064, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}]}
{"unique_index": 21245, "source_text": "The combination, marketed by both platforms as the strongest signal of intent, was not flagged. The five-minute window between her goodbye post and the announcement video was a textbook escalation pattern, during which a functional safety system was supposed to intervene. Neither platform’s system did. After Boni’s death, TikTok removed the announcement videos from her account. That removal is, by the platform’s own action, an admission: the content always violated policy. The classifiers that took the videos down after she died were available before she died. But removal-after-death has not contained the harm. Across TikTok, other accounts are continuing to stitch, react to, and re-upload the same videos that TikTok has removed from Boni’s page; the cumulative reach across all these copies runs into the millions. The recommendation system continues to deliver this content — Boni’s voice, her image, her last moments — into the “For You” feeds of users who never followed her, including, in all likelihood, her family and friends. TikTok has used industrial hash-matching technology for years to suppress terrorism content, copyrighted music, and child sexual abuse material at upload time.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 33, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 324, "end": 330, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 626, "end": 632, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 720, "end": 726, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 816, "end": 824, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 1044, "end": 1050, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}]}
{"unique_index": 21246, "source_text": "It is choosing not to use it in this context, or its deployment is silently failing. The harassment videos that targeted her, meanwhile, still remain available. The same video, hosted on Facebook While TikTok has at least reacted post hoc, Meta has not. As of this writing, both Boni’s farewell post and the announcement video she posted five minutes later — content TikTok now classifies as too harmful to host — remain on Facebook. The video is here : Meta’s systems did not act before her death, and Meta has not acted since. Meta’s Community Standards on Suicide, Self-Injury, and Eating Disorders contain a near-identical prohibition. Meta has spent years publicly emphasizing proactive AI detection in dozens of languages. Both companies participate in industry forums for sharing signals on suicide-related content across competing platforms. None of these mechanisms produced a removal. The same content, in the same language, with the same visual signals, is now hosted on the products of two different corporations, both of which have published rules saying they would not allow it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 187, "end": 195, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 202, "end": 208, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 240, "end": 244, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 274, "end": 278, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 338, "end": 356, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five minutes later"}, {"start": 367, "end": 373, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 374, "end": 377, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 424, "end": 432, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 454, "end": 458, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 503, "end": 507, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 529, "end": 555, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta’s Community Standards"}, {"start": 640, "end": 644, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 708, "end": 714, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 729, "end": 733, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 968, "end": 971, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 998, "end": 1001, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1030, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21247, "source_text": "When platforms expand into a market and harvest users’ attention without staffing the moderation pipeline at parity, harm intensifies, and risk becomes concrete. Ethiopia, with more than 100 million people across multiple major languages, is one of those markets that social media giants are happy to profit from, but unwilling to invest in effective moderation strategies. Moving beyond the platforms Ethiopian TikTok has not been silent. Major creators have weighed in publicly. Adonay , one of the largest creators in this space, has placed responsibility on bullies, haters, and jealousy among Boni’s audience. Other widely circulated response videos, including from creators @thisday013 and @abebayehuassefatkursew , have pushed back: don’t blame the audience; consider her circumstances, her unmet expectations, her life. These two camps appear to be at odds. They share a hidden assumption that Boni’s death was caused by one side of the screen or the other: Either her followers or disappointments in Boni’s life. In neither version do the platforms appear as actors.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 162, "end": 170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ethiopia"}, {"start": 187, "end": 198, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100 million"}, {"start": 412, "end": 418, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 446, "end": 454, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 509, "end": 517, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 671, "end": 679, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 834, "end": 837, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 929, "end": 932, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21248, "source_text": "Yet the harassment Adonay describes was hosted on TikTok in violation of TikTok’s own rules; the “circumstances” the response creators ask viewers to consider include a platform that ignored a distressed creator’s stitch, missed her announcement, removed her content too late, and then allowed it to be re-uploaded across other accounts. Online bullying, jealousy, and rivalry are not new and not specific to TikTok. They have existed long before the internet. What is specific to TikTok and Meta is the system that decides which of those human behaviors gets amplified, recommended, and monetized — and which gets caught and removed. That system is not a constant. It is a corporate choice. It is staffed and funded at corporate discretion. It is accountable, where human nature is not. Boni was a person, not a content category. The conversation Ethiopian TikTok is having about who failed her is the wrong argument with the wrong opponent. The actor who wrote the policy, deployed the technology it markets, profited from her audience, and did not enforce its own rules is not in any of the videos. It should be.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 50, "end": 56, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 73, "end": 79, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 126, "end": 134, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 204, "end": 211, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 409, "end": 415, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 481, "end": 487, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 492, "end": 496, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 858, "end": 864, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}]}
{"unique_index": 21255, "source_text": "Woman journalist in Pakistan takes action against online harassment\n\nA war that began between the United States and Iran on February 28 led to a two-week ceasefire on April 8, brokered through mediation efforts by Pakistan. Islamabad invited both countries to engage in negotiations. Although the first round of talks, held in Islamabad from April 11 to 12, ended in a deadlock , discussions continued behind closed doors, away from media scrutiny. While political leaders sought a path toward peace, a female anchor from GTV News faced a separate struggle, becoming the target of online harassment and abusive commentary. On April 11–12, media outlets from around the world gathered at the Jinnah Convention Center in Islamabad, Pakistan’s capital, located less than two kilometers from the venue where the official talks were taking place. As social media buzzed with commentary on logistical arrangements and even the branding of coffee for journalists, a photograph of Gharida Farooqi , anchorperson at GTV News , wearing a green cord-set suit, went viral—accompanied by derogatory remarks about her attire.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 67, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Woman journalist in Pakistan takes action against online harassment"}, {"start": 98, "end": 111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 116, "end": 120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 124, "end": 135, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 28"}, {"start": 167, "end": 174, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 8"}, {"start": 214, "end": 222, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 224, "end": 233, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 242, "end": 246, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 327, "end": 336, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 342, "end": 350, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 11"}, {"start": 354, "end": 356, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 522, "end": 530, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GTV News"}, {"start": 626, "end": 634, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 11"}, {"start": 635, "end": 637, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 691, "end": 715, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Jinnah Convention Center"}, {"start": 719, "end": 728, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Islamabad"}, {"start": 730, "end": 738, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 768, "end": 771, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 944, "end": 955, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 973, "end": 988, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gharida Farooqi"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1015, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GTV News"}]}
{"unique_index": 21256, "source_text": "Some accounts circulated morphed images of her, while others engaged in gender-based harassment and shared AI-generated videos of the anchor. Gharida Farooqi, no stranger to online harassment , filed a complaint with the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency ( NCCIA ) soon after the images began circulating. At the same time, she quietly gathered evidence to help identify those responsible. ‼️‼️‼️ Important Announcement Beginning on April 11, 2026, I filed a complaint with the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) against individuals involved in coordinated, gender-based digital harassment and cybercrime targeting me over a photograph and my choice of clothing. Acting promptly, the NCCIA has initiated proceedings and made arrests. One suspect has been apprehended in Chiniot (details are attached in the image), and evidence of the abusive content he created is with both me and the NCCIA. Further arrests are expected in the coming hours. Deleting posts or tweets will not help, as all evidence has been securely preserved. No one will be spared. This was not merely an attack on one woman; it reflects a broader pattern aimed at intimidating women.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 142, "end": 157, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gharida Farooqi"}, {"start": 221, "end": 262, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency"}, {"start": 265, "end": 270, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 441, "end": 455, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 11, 2026"}, {"start": 486, "end": 527, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency"}, {"start": 529, "end": 534, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 707, "end": 712, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 757, "end": 760, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 893, "end": 897, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 909, "end": 914, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 1107, "end": 1110, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21257, "source_text": "The NCCIA’s response sends a clear signal that such actions will not be tolerated, and it strengthens confidence in the enforcement of the law and the role of institutions. I am especially grateful to the Director General of NCCIA, Syed Khurram Ali Shah, for his personal oversight of this case and his zero-tolerance stance toward crimes against women. I also extend my sincere appreciation to the entire NCCIA team for their efforts. In a recent tweet , she said that the individuals involved have now been arrested. Mohammad Saqib, son of Shamim Akhtar, is among several individuals accused of participating in a campaign of harassment, character assassination, and digital abuse against me — targeting both my clothing and my personality — since April 11, 2026. Authorities are continuing to conduct raids to apprehend others involved. I will keep sharing details of further arrests to raise public awareness and reinforce the message that there is zero tolerance for attacks on the dignity of any woman. Well done to NCCIA, Director General Syed Khurram Ali Shah, and the entire team. She received widespread support from friends and followers for taking a stand against the abuse.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 9, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 205, "end": 213, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 225, "end": 230, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 232, "end": 253, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syed Khurram Ali Shah"}, {"start": 406, "end": 411, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 500, "end": 503, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 519, "end": 533, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohammad Saqib"}, {"start": 566, "end": 573, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 706, "end": 710, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 750, "end": 764, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 11, 2026"}, {"start": 953, "end": 957, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1027, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCCIA"}, {"start": 1029, "end": 1037, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 1046, "end": 1067, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Syed Khurram Ali Shah"}]}
{"unique_index": 21258, "source_text": "Many stressed that a journalist should be judged for their work, not their clothing. Muneeb Qadir, author of Age of Intolerance , said such offenders should be made an example of. Vile comments that led her to launch a complaint This is not the first time she has been targeted. She has often faced online abuse and character attacks linked to her work, but this time her clothing became the focus. In each instance, she has turned to the authorities to file complaints — and this case was no different. By the evening of April 11, her photos began circulating on X (formerly Twitter). Some users even compared her to a journalist from Iran who wore a full burqa — a loose garment that covers the entire body and is worn by some Muslim women — and used this contrast to question the moral standards of Pakistani society. Ahmed Hassan Bobak, a supporter of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and chairman of the National Peace Committee for Interfaith Harmony, claimed that the country is heading toward a moral and Islamic societal decline.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 21, "end": 31, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 85, "end": 97, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muneeb Qadir"}, {"start": 99, "end": 105, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 522, "end": 530, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 11"}, {"start": 564, "end": 565, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 576, "end": 583, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 620, "end": 630, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 636, "end": 640, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 856, "end": 864, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 885, "end": 893, "label": "JOB", "value": "chairman"}, {"start": 901, "end": 948, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Peace Committee for Interfaith Harmony"}]}
{"unique_index": 21259, "source_text": "Scenes of the Convention Center Wing Iranian Female Journalist and Pakistani Female Journalist The difference is clear; this difference is telling you the tale of Pakistan's moral Islamic societal decline. Another account called it a brothel event taking place: What kind of brothel program is this running, May Allah have mercy on Pakistan’s condition; we seem less like an Islamic Republic and more like a shameless republic… This is the culture that our unknown desires want at this time… A number of people reminded others that women in Pakistan are not legally required to follow a specific dress code, unlike the situation in Iran. Many men were quick to comment on how “vulgar” she appeared, and unfortunately, some women journalists also made similarly harsh and derogatory remarks. Fauzia Yazdani, a writer and rights activist, shared a screenshot of a tweet that female journalists said: Translation of the shared tweet: I am truly saddened today to see that our journalists, who are well-known, all preferred Western attire, while our foreign guests are greatly impressed by our traditional clothing. There is great beauty in our shalwar kameez and dupatta.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 94, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Convention Center Wing Iranian Female Journalist and Pakistani Female Journalist"}, {"start": 163, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 332, "end": 340, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 375, "end": 391, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Islamic Republic"}, {"start": 541, "end": 549, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 632, "end": 636, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Iran"}, {"start": 638, "end": 642, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 729, "end": 740, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 791, "end": 805, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Fauzia Yazdani"}, {"start": 809, "end": 815, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 827, "end": 835, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 880, "end": 891, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 951, "end": 956, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 973, "end": 984, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21260, "source_text": "Harassment against women journalists in Pakistan According to a UN Women report, Tipping Point: Online Violence Impacts, Manifestations, and Redress in the AI Age , released for World Press Freedom Day 2026 , 45 percent of women journalists and media professionals reported self-censoring on social media to avoid abuse — an increase of 50 percent since 2020. The report highlights how such pressures are increasingly pushing women out of public discourse and limiting equal participation in the media space. In many cases, women journalists either self-censor their reporting or avoid bylines altogether to reduce the risk of backlash or institutional pressure. In Pakistan, this trend has been visible for years, particularly since the rise of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf in the 2010s. Over time, female journalists have increasingly become targets of t echnology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV). They have been subjected to trolling, sustained character assassination campaigns, disinformation, and the exposure of personal data. Many have also received rape and death threats, while deepfakes and AI-generated sexualised images have been created and circulated against them. After the terrorist attack on Peshawar’s Army Public School in 2014, which left 144 students and staff dead, the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016 was introduced under the 20-point National Action Plan (NAP) to curb cyberterrorism.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 36, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 40, "end": 48, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 64, "end": 72, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Women"}, {"start": 81, "end": 162, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Tipping Point: Online Violence Impacts, Manifestations, and Redress in the AI Age"}, {"start": 178, "end": 201, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Press Freedom Day"}, {"start": 202, "end": 206, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 209, "end": 211, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45"}, {"start": 229, "end": 240, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 337, "end": 339, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 354, "end": 358, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 512, "end": 516, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 530, "end": 541, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 666, "end": 674, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 746, "end": 754, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 778, "end": 783, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010s"}, {"start": 803, "end": 814, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1216, "end": 1245, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Peshawar’s Army Public School"}, {"start": 1249, "end": 1253, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 1266, "end": 1269, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "144"}, {"start": 1299, "end": 1334, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act"}, {"start": 1336, "end": 1340, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PECA"}, {"start": 1342, "end": 1346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 1381, "end": 1401, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Action Plan"}, {"start": 1403, "end": 1406, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NAP"}]}
{"unique_index": 21261, "source_text": "It also included provisions aimed at protecting women from online harassment. However, over time, its implementation has not fully reflected these objectives. Critics argue that the law has increasingly been used against free expression, activists, politicians, and journalists . In 2025, an amendment further tightened its provisions. Read more: Criminalized and silenced: The weaponization of Pakistan's PECA Act For years, women have been raising their concerns on various platforms regarding the threats they face. During former Prime Minister Imran Khan ’s government (2018 to 2022), in 2020, a group of women journalists shared details of online abuse to the National Assembly’s Standing Committee on Human Rights. In response to a joint statement issued by women journalists denouncing a cyber-harassment campaign against them by government officials and supporters, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) called on the Pakistani authorities to ensure that the online threats and hate messages are stopped. Along with Gharida Farooqi, journalist Asma Shirazi has repeatedly been targeted by a gendered disinformation campaign in online spaces for her work and opinion. According to the Digital Rights Foundation’s Digital Security Helpline Report 2025 , 47 of the 88 journalists who sought support in 2025 were women.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 238, "end": 247, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 249, "end": 260, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 266, "end": 277, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 283, "end": 287, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 395, "end": 414, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Pakistan's PECA Act"}, {"start": 533, "end": 547, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 548, "end": 558, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Imran Khan"}, {"start": 574, "end": 578, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 582, "end": 586, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 592, "end": 596, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 615, "end": 626, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 665, "end": 703, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly’s Standing Committee"}, {"start": 770, "end": 781, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 874, "end": 899, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Reporters Without Borders"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1033, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gharida Farooqi"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1045, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1046, "end": 1058, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Asma Shirazi"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1211, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Digital Rights Foundation"}, {"start": 1214, "end": 1251, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Security Helpline Report 2025"}, {"start": 1254, "end": 1256, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "47"}, {"start": 1264, "end": 1266, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "88"}, {"start": 1267, "end": 1278, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1301, "end": 1305, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21262, "source_text": "Their helpline offers assistance to survivors facing harassment, blackmail, non-consensual sharing of images, impersonation, and coordinated online attacks. Lubna Jarrar, General Secretary of the Karachi Union of Journalists (KUJ), the International Federation of Journalists’ (IFJ) Pakistan gender coordinator, and a media trainer, told Global Voices via WhatsApp that women are often objectified in the media, calling it a persistent problem. She noted that despite the growing presence of women across professions, including journalism, their appearance frequently overshadows their words, work, and achievements. “It is unfortunate that women have to work harder than men to be taken seriously, even when they are doing the same job with the same level of professionalism,” she said. She further added: “If we are criticizing the outfits of some journalists, then why don’t we comment on ill-fitting suits, untidy hair or facial hair, poor posture, or unconventional eyewear frames among men? Often, we focus on what men are saying simply because of their gender. One section of journalists is taken more seriously for being men, while women are expected to be more mindful of wearing ‘appropriate clothes’ than focusing on their work.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 157, "end": 169, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lubna Jarrar"}, {"start": 171, "end": 188, "label": "JOB", "value": "General Secretary"}, {"start": 196, "end": 224, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Karachi Union of Journalists"}, {"start": 226, "end": 229, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "KUJ"}, {"start": 236, "end": 275, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Federation of Journalists"}, {"start": 278, "end": 281, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IFJ"}, {"start": 283, "end": 291, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 299, "end": 310, "label": "JOB", "value": "coordinator"}, {"start": 338, "end": 351, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 356, "end": 364, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 850, "end": 861, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1094, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21263, "source_text": "On the need to generate more questions than pleasant answers\n\nI am Brazilian, and here we have an iconic song about our largest city, São Paulo, in which the composer describes witnessing “the power of money, which builds and destroys beautiful things.” The idea of “the power of money” could easily be replaced by “human action.” Human activity is rife with contradictions. The very same human being who creates art, who imagines futures, who develops technologies, is the one who uses them for their own destruction. But if we take a closer look, we will realise that humans are not all the same. Recently, the “QuitGPT” boycott gained traction in the face of OpenAI’s close collaboration with the United States administration, including a partnership for surveillance and war. The human signing the deal with the Pentagon was billionaire Sam Altman , a gay white man from the United States, and the CEO and co-founder of this big corporation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "On the need to generate more questions than pleasant answers"}, {"start": 662, "end": 668, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenAI"}, {"start": 700, "end": 713, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 841, "end": 851, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sam Altman"}, {"start": 879, "end": 892, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 902, "end": 905, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEO"}, {"start": 910, "end": 920, "label": "JOB", "value": "co-founder"}]}
{"unique_index": 21264, "source_text": "On the other hand, recently, in Brazil, a local civil society network launched TybyrIA , the first open source AI model in Portuguese to detect anti-LGBTQ+ hate speech. The people behind this network, named “Código Não Binário” (Non-Binary Code), are a Brazilian transvestite/transfeminine hacker, Veronyka Gimenes , and a bisexual cisgender woman, Amanda Claro . These two examples — a multi-billion-dollar corporation fuelling global violence under the guise of the “future of tech,” and another attempting to counter violence with limited resources in a particular geographical area — serve as evidence. They reveal that some “humans” remain far more visible than others, and that our values, dreams and decisions can be vastly different. In fact, “human” has become a label created within white, Western, male, cisheteronormative domination, based on this idea of a universal “human” that defines the “others” — those who would be deemed less human or less deserving of basic rights. The few human beings who created this artificial divide between themselves and nature are the same ones who destroy communities, rivers and forests to build data centres.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 32, "end": 38, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 79, "end": 86, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TybyrIA"}, {"start": 208, "end": 226, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Código Não Binário"}, {"start": 229, "end": 244, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Non-Binary Code"}, {"start": 298, "end": 314, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Veronyka Gimenes"}, {"start": 349, "end": 361, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amanda Claro"}, {"start": 370, "end": 373, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 992, "end": 995, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}]}
{"unique_index": 21265, "source_text": "Who use AI to dehumanise “targets” in war, as a tool for surveillance and attacks in acts of genocide. In the hands of colonisers, authoritarian leaders and billionaires, technology becomes an act of concentrating and monetising power that draws on a false narrative/performance of progress, urgency and imperative necessity. But they don’t represent all humans. At this moment, you are reading an article that is part of a series called “Don’t ask AI, ask a peer.” Here we — APC, GenderIT.org and Global Voices — are affirming the value of human diversity and creativity, and going a bit further by trying to demonstrate it in practice. In this series, we developed two basic questions, phrased as questions people might ask AI, but in this case, answered by authors and illustrators from diverse countries, positionalities, and backgrounds. Throughout April, we published the articles that formed part of the series, and what we learned on this journey full of contradictions was revealing. Here’s a brief overview from my perspective.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 439, "end": 463, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Don’t ask AI, ask a peer"}, {"start": 498, "end": 511, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 667, "end": 670, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 760, "end": 767, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}]}
{"unique_index": 21266, "source_text": "In our editorial , we “re-emphasise the importance of knowledge sharing among people, as has been done for decades: communal exchange of information and expertise based on years of lived experiences, informed by local realities, and motivated by the need to feel connected with one another.” In this series, we also turn to the human. But here we tried to have some diversity. We turn to activists, journalists, writers and researchers. To dissenting bodies. To artists. To perspectives from the Global Majority. We also had many absences, starting with a confirmed author from Lebanon who was not able to submit their article amid Israel’s colonial attacks in the south of the country . As you read these lines, millions of people are suffering violence and rights violations in the Southwest Asia and North Africa (SWANA) region . We received and published a total of nine articles in this first round of the series, thus leaving out countless countries, lived realities, and perspectives. Even so, what we achieved was thought-provoking.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 278, "end": 281, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 388, "end": 397, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 399, "end": 410, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 412, "end": 419, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 424, "end": 435, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 462, "end": 469, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 525, "end": 529, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 566, "end": 572, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 578, "end": 585, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 632, "end": 638, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 713, "end": 721, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 794, "end": 798, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 803, "end": 815, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Africa"}, {"start": 870, "end": 874, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "nine"}]}
{"unique_index": 21267, "source_text": "The authors, illustrators and editors involved in the series brought different perspectives when prompted by the same question. This alone confirms our premise that human creativity, when we consider people in all their diversity, can offer provocative ideas, different perspectives, and points of agreement and disagreement that generative AI homogenises. And this is something that AI, created by large corporations — which are managed by and enrich normative bodies, those bodies that see themselves as the epitome of humanity and position themselves as the benchmark for marginalising many others — is incapable of providing. Learning with peers Daria Dergacheva answered our first question, “Why is it vital to value human creativity and connection in the age of AI?” by saying that, no matter what tech companies try to sell us, there is no creativity or connection other than that of humans. “Generative AI does not write, does not design and does not paint: it generates statistically closest patterns; these are probabilistic automation systems, which make them fundamentally different from human cognition or creativity,” she said in her article .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 11, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 30, "end": 37, "label": "JOB", "value": "editors"}, {"start": 589, "end": 593, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 650, "end": 666, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daria Dergacheva"}]}
{"unique_index": 21268, "source_text": "But Kira Xonorika reminded us that “for centuries, countless forms of non‑human intelligence, from animal and ecological systems to ancestral and spiritual intelligences, have been dismissed or subordinated within a hierarchy built around a narrow notion of ‘the human.’” In their article , there is a powerful reminder: “That notion has historically been structured by white supremacy, patriarchy, ableism and cisheteronormativity. It assumes that rational, productive, self‑contained subjectivity is the universal human standard. To centre ‘the human’ in AI often ends up centring that particular template.” How can this be avoided? While we reaffirm the need for human connection and creativity, how can we rethink our own conception of humanity so that it does not perpetuate this legacy? Was this series’ second question – “What could be done to create a human rights approach to AI?” – enough? Should we be asking ourselves which technologies can sustain life and knowledge on the planet, in all their variety and diversity? What narratives and performances would be shaped by such technologies?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 17, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kira Xonorika"}]}
{"unique_index": 21269, "source_text": "In any case, for me, the articles that addressed the first question in the series raised a number of doubts about some very comfortable certainties and raised new questions in my mind, in a spiral that a pre-programmed answer designed to please me and hold my attention would never have triggered. Fortunately, instead of palatable answers, I found food for thought and no answers at all. After that, I started reading the articles prompted by the question about a human rights approach to AI. Hija Kamran explained that replicating patterns to depict human-like connection is not the same as human connection , wisely pointing out : “Care work, community building, resistance, empathy, joy, showing up for each other – these are not functions you can automate.” While questioning whether AI could ever be ethical or feminist, she explained that her hesitation comes “from years of watching patterns repeat. The promises to do better, the carefully crafted language of responsibility, the performance of listening, none of it has meaningfully shifted how these systems are built or who they serve.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 494, "end": 505, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hija Kamran"}]}
{"unique_index": 21270, "source_text": "Rebecca Ryakitimbo emphasised in her article that it is we, humans, who give AI purpose and urgency. “The struggle for human rights has always been about shifting power from the few to the many, and today the field is digital with tools such as AI,” she pointed out, adding: “We can and should approach the regulation of AI by taking into account the fundamental rights we have been advocating for centuries.” Then, we delved a bit deeper into lived realities. Rezwan pointed out how surveillance and facial recognition restrict civic space, hamper human rights, and harm marginalised communities in India . Oiwan Lam , when examining the Chinese lesson on the human rights approach to AI , stressed the need to rebalance the power among the corporate-state, the machine, and the people through a decision-making framework that places people back at the center. Mariana Tamari highlighted the case of a traditional community in Brazil where families who have lived on their lands for almost a century are seeing their homes threatened by new eviction tactics employed by land grabbers, while unrestricted digitalisation reinforces a model in which human presence no longer prevails.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rebecca Ryakitimbo"}, {"start": 199, "end": 204, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 461, "end": 467, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rezwan"}, {"start": 600, "end": 605, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 608, "end": 617, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oiwan Lam"}, {"start": 862, "end": 876, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mariana Tamari"}, {"start": 928, "end": 934, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}]}
{"unique_index": 21271, "source_text": "“Empirical knowledge of the land, honed over centuries and passed down from generation to generation by traditional communities, is summarily dismissed as obsolete,” she highlighted in her article, published on Earth Day . Those who live in alliance with the land are pushed out, while in the “parallel universe created by the corporate sector, the imminent climate collapse simply does not exist. The promised future is always one of control and abundance, guaranteed by digital technology and the precision that only AI can provide.” Grounded in lived realities and backed by evidence, these articles have provided a very practical demonstration of the ongoing violations, while pointing the way towards curbing them. A call for accountability runs through them all. Their content serves as a reminder that, while we seek to free our capacity to think and imagine futures from the constraints imposed by the dominant narrative in AI, we must address the very real problems and profound injustices already taking place. It’s not a case of either/or; both things need to happen at the same time.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1051, "end": 1055, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21272, "source_text": "In a similar vein, we both affirmed and questioned the value of human action throughout the series. While we have drawn on the idea of a human-versus-machine dichotomy, we have once again exposed its fallacy. Opening up new questions We often seek to dismantle false narratives by asserting the opposite, but perhaps a very valuable lesson from this series is precisely to highlight the value of not finding quick answers, of not resorting to comfortable solutions and familiar places, but rather, to recognise the unique value of generating more questions. Some say AI is good and will help people and the planet. We can say it is not, and we can back up this statement with plenty of evidence. But we can also ask, which AI are we talking about? Who creates the AI tools, based on what criteria, and for what purposes? Are they designed to reinforce — while helping to create a narrative of justification for — war, land grabbing, surveillance, human rights violations, and economic exploitation? Some say AI is inevitable. We can say it isn’t.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21273, "source_text": "But we can also question which lived realities we have in mind when making this claim. Certainly not the one of the traditional communities under attack in Brazil, to share one example from this series. And if this is not the case for everyone, who is pushing this narrative and with what purpose? Where will AI be and how can it be regulated? In an age of certainties shaped by opaque algorithms and narratives that reinforce biases, uncertainty may well hold power. Raising questions certainly helps expose false assumptions. It may also help to dismantle a web of deception designed to divert attention from urgent issues, such as the lack of transparency, participation in decision-making, and accountability mechanisms, even when we are faced with such serious violations. But what about you, reading this now? If you or your community were to consider questions like the ones explored in this series, what would the answers be? Did you experience any discomfort along the way when reading these articles? Did they raise any new questions? Have you found inspiration in disagreeing?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 156, "end": 162, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 173, "end": 176, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 811, "end": 814, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21274, "source_text": "Have you spoken to a peer recently? Débora Prado (she/her) is the lead editor of APC.org and a journalist with a background in strategic communications, feminism and human rights. Ellena Ekarahendy is an Indonesian creative strategist weaving art and design as catalysts for community building. Through creative direction, visual design, and illustrations, she pursues radical imaginations of liveable futures that center gender justice, emancipatory politics, liberatory knowledge sharing, and interspecies care. Pondering meanings between the machines, she fosters conversations around feminist technology with PurpleCode Collective. Off the screen, she treasures solitary conversations with her houseplants, her books, the moon, or the waves and the trees. This art is created as she wonders: maybe her ancestors have been trying to speak to her for guidance through the stars or the wind and the mountains, but she’s too distracted by the AI-boost interfaces. What if the immediate AI we actually need to click with in this present moment is Ancestral Intelligence?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 48, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Débora Prado"}, {"start": 71, "end": 77, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 81, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "APC.org"}, {"start": 95, "end": 105, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 180, "end": 197, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ellena Ekarahendy"}, {"start": 215, "end": 234, "label": "JOB", "value": "creative strategist"}, {"start": 613, "end": 634, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "PurpleCode Collective"}]}
{"unique_index": 21275, "source_text": "How Nigerians are coping with heat waves amid crippling power outages\n\nNigerians are currently facing severe heat stress . The extreme heat has caused widespread distress, with many social media users reporting that it is affecting their health and reducing their productivity. According to the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) , the heat stress is occurring because March falls in Nigeria’s peak transitional heat window — after the Harmattan dry season ends but before the rainy season begins. The heat is affecting people in many parts of the country, but it is more pronounced in the north-central, north-west, and north-east regions, as well as inland areas of the southern states. Impact of the heat stress on Nigerians Global Voices spoke to some Nigerians to understand how heat stress is impacting their communities, work, and everyday life. Onyekachi Ogbu is an Igbo-language consultant and AI data specialist. He lives in Enugu , Nigeria. He explains how the heat stress is affecting his productivity: It makes it difficult to work, especially for a person like me who works from home.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How Nigerians are coping with heat waves amid crippling power outages"}, {"start": 85, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 177, "end": 181, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 295, "end": 325, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nigerian Meteorological Agency"}, {"start": 388, "end": 395, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 534, "end": 538, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 732, "end": 745, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 857, "end": 871, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Onyekachi Ogbu"}, {"start": 892, "end": 902, "label": "JOB", "value": "consultant"}, {"start": 915, "end": 925, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}, {"start": 939, "end": 944, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Enugu"}, {"start": 947, "end": 954, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 21276, "source_text": "We don't use the regular power supply in my house. We rely on solar power and a power generator for power, but the solar power does not last for 24 hours. So, we majorly use it when the sun is shining from peak from 9 am to 12 pm or 1 pm. We use it mostly at night, and we can not use it to power fans because it is incapable of powering fans. So, we mostly rely on natural air entering the house from the windows. It's only when we are on the power generating set that we can use the ceiling fans. Because of the heat, it is hard to work indoors. Sometimes, I would have to work on my laptop outside to get fresh air as I work. The heat is also causing distraction. Imagine having a virtual meeting, and you have to be fully clothed, and you are sweating heavily as the meeting is ongoing. It will cause distraction because you won’t be comfortable because you can’t take off your clothes while having virtual meetings.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 145, "end": 153, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "24 hours"}, {"start": 216, "end": 220, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "9 am"}, {"start": 224, "end": 229, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12 pm"}, {"start": 233, "end": 238, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1 pm."}]}
{"unique_index": 21277, "source_text": "What I rely on to work easily these days is to use hand fans or step outside of the house. On some occasions, I buy fuel for the generator, but I cannot afford to do this every time because fuel price is high. I believe everyone is feeling the heat stress, but many people in rural areas have limited awareness about it. That's why we need to create awareness for them to take safety precautions such as staying hydrated and being well-aerated. Adewale Afolabi, a commercial rider in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, said the heat is unbearable: The heat is too much and it is affecting my work, but I must continue working in order to take care of myself and my family. Muh’d Tasi’u Jibril, a linguist living in Bauchi, narrates how the heat is affecting people living in the Northern part of the country: The heat has been unbearable for the last two weeks. As for a remote worker like me, I cannot work around 11pm to 3pm due to the unbearable heat. The heat was too much during the last ten days of Ramadan.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 261, "end": 265, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 492, "end": 502, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Osun State"}, {"start": 504, "end": 511, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 667, "end": 686, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Muh’d Tasi’u Jibril"}, {"start": 690, "end": 698, "label": "JOB", "value": "linguist"}, {"start": 840, "end": 854, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last two weeks"}, {"start": 909, "end": 913, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11pm"}, {"start": 917, "end": 920, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3pm"}, {"start": 982, "end": 995, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last ten days"}]}
{"unique_index": 21278, "source_text": "It was so hot that people suffering from ulcer had to break their fast. Normally, over here we used to experience the harmattan season during the months December, January and February. But this year there is nothing like that. The heat did not affect my daily work since I work remotely. It is just the epileptic power supply that is making me feel the heat because you won't be able to use ACs and fans. I hardly sleep at night. I only sleep when I am able to find an alternative source of power to power fans and ACs. Also, it is difficult to get cold water to drink in this period because there is no electricity. What we used to do to cope with the heat stress at night is sleep outdoors, but we can no longer do that due to insecurity. It's only those who can afford solar panels that can power fans or AC that are not affected by the heat stress. Nigeria’s power crisis worsens the situation The country’s deteriorating power supply has made the situation worse.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 163, "end": 183, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and February"}, {"start": 189, "end": 198, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 254, "end": 259, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 853, "end": 860, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 21279, "source_text": "The National power grid has collapsed many times in 2026 . This has led to nationwide blackouts, which have made it difficult for many citizens to cope with the heat stress. Due to the power cut, many Nigerians cannot use electrical appliances such as fans and ACs that could provide relief. On March 24, the Minister of Power, Adebayo Adelabu, apologized to Nigerians for the frequent power outages. Adesewa Popoola, an entrepreneur in Lagos, explained how the crippling power supply has worsened the situation: I live in a neighbourhood where there is not much space between houses, and because there is no adequate ventilation in the houses in the area. I have noticed a significant change in the temperature pattern over the years. December is supposed to be the Harmattan season, when it might be hot during the day and cold during the evenings. But there was no Harmattan in Lagos throughout December and January. The temperature is always hot throughout the day. The heat has affected my work and daily life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 42, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 52, "end": 56, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 130, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 196, "end": 200, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 295, "end": 303, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 24"}, {"start": 309, "end": 317, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 401, "end": 416, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Adesewa Popoola"}, {"start": 421, "end": 433, "label": "JOB", "value": "entrepreneur"}, {"start": 437, "end": 442, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lagos"}, {"start": 898, "end": 918, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December and January"}, {"start": 1004, "end": 1009, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21280, "source_text": "There are times I need to go out and do some things. Once the time is past 10a.m. I won’t be able to go out, because of the extreme heat. I only go out when I am able to get a ride to my destinations. On many occasions, I have to wait till evenings when the heat has reduced before going out If I am unable to get a ride. If I have an appointment, I have to be mentally prepared for coping with the heat. It is also affecting the way I dress. I am unable to wear some of my clothes because of the heat. In order to cope with the heat, I stay indoors most times, bath as many times as I can, and drink water regularly. About awareness, I think most people are not aware of the risks of the heat. We all know the current situation of electricity in Nigeria. Due to epileptic nature of the power supply, it is difficult to cope with the heat, especially during nighttime when the heat is intense.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 75, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10a.m."}, {"start": 204, "end": 208, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 570, "end": 574, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 747, "end": 754, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}]}
{"unique_index": 21281, "source_text": "Since there is no power, many people cannot turn on their fans. To make the matter worse, a lot of people cannot afford to buy fuel because of the hike in the price of fuel. It would have been easier to cope with the heat stress if the power supply is stable. Cause of the heat wave and recommendations Researchers have attributed the cause of the heat stress to climate change . Earlier in March, the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) issued a nationwide alert , warning the general public about the health risks the heat stress may pose in some parts of the country. The agency also warned the public to take necessary precautions to reduce their exposure to the heat. In the X post , NIMET encouraged Nigerians to drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, stay in well-ventilated or air-conditioned rooms, wear light, breathable clothing, and wear hats, sunshades, and sunscreens. It advised parents to keep infants cool and hydrated, and never leave children in a closed, parked vehicle. People are hoping the rainy season starts soon to ease heat stress.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 29, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 303, "end": 314, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 402, "end": 432, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Nigerian Meteorological Agency"}, {"start": 434, "end": 439, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NIMET"}]}
{"unique_index": 21282, "source_text": "Tracing the local impacts of global topics\n\nA famous aphorism attributed to science-fiction writer William Gibson observes that “ the future is already here, it’s just not evenly distributed.” This is what our Spotlights seek to track: the uneven distribution of technology, trends, attitudes, and attention around our world. Because it’s not just the future: so many things in our world depend on where you are, and where you’re from: the latest technology; affordable health care; high-speed trains; international mobility; community. And it’s hard to see that unevenness past your own bubble, depending on the language you’re getting your news in, and who you talk to, or follow, or scroll past. As a science-fiction writer myself, I don’t equate so-called AI – the subject of our first spotlight – with the future. From my particular perspective as a concerned author who talks to a lot of authors, and an academic who interacts with a lot of academics, I know I have a particular perspective on that technology.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 42, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Tracing the local impacts of global topics"}, {"start": 92, "end": 98, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 99, "end": 113, "label": "PERSON", "value": "William Gibson"}, {"start": 363, "end": 367, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 720, "end": 726, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 865, "end": 871, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 894, "end": 901, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}]}
{"unique_index": 21283, "source_text": "I read a lot about the way the technology is being used in publishing , from attacks on copyright and intellectual ownership to the propagation of specific language styles. I was heartened, though not very surprised, to read the article about Australian artists and culture workers resisting AI . But I know that I come at this from the standpoint of a native English speaker, for whom writing is relatively easy, and my own voice is an important part of my career. I also know there are other uses for the technology, which I’ve paid less attention to — many of them at least as damaging in their respective sectors. From this Spotlight, I’ve learned more about the way AI is being used in dangerous and exclusionary ways at the US border , as well as an attempt to use it for inclusion and facilitation at the Italian border . I’ve read about the way AI is contributing to a culture of surveillance in India , and the initial hype and then cost-related disappointment around agentic AI in China .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 254, "end": 261, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 628, "end": 637, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 730, "end": 732, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 904, "end": 909, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 991, "end": 996, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 21284, "source_text": "Through interviews and essays , I’ve learned more about the potential and risks of AI in language preservation efforts for minority and Indigenous languages — a question that we’ve done a lot of thinking about at Global Voices in connection with our digital inclusion work. One thing about technologies being unevenly distributed is that it’s not just the access that is uneven. The value chains and by-products of modern life are spread across the globe, with goods often manufactured in one part of the world, used and discarded in another, and those unwanted remnants shipped as waste to be interred in the landfills of a poorer country. This Spotlight, with its global, multilingual burst of stories on the topic, reminded me that even a virtual technology like AI can have a similar pattern. Enormously valued companies and their profits are concentrated in rich countries, even if the excitement has spread globally. But those products, launched with so much fanfare from their wealthy CEOs, are supported by low-paid moderation, often in a multitude of languages .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 213, "end": 226, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 274, "end": 277, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 489, "end": 492, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 646, "end": 655, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 992, "end": 996, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEOs"}]}
{"unique_index": 21285, "source_text": "I’ve read a lot lately about how communities in the United States are fighting against the establishment of data centers; two collaborative articles in the Spotlight make clear how this dirty, loud, wasteful, environmentally harmful part of the process is also being exported to other countries — many of them low-income — and how people are resisting there too. In Latin America , some countries are racing to accelerate approvals, while communities are pushing back. In Asia , water use is a major concern, and some countries, like Singapore, have already put a moratorium on new data centers, while countries in Central Asia are ramping up — signaling the deeply uneven distribution within the region. All of these developments are driven not only by massive capital flows, but by stories. They are driven by hype, by deception, by anthropomorphizing, by projections. The Undertones column from this Spotlight uses approaches developed through our Civic Media Observatory methodology to unpack the narratives used to promote the insertion of AI into the healthcare system in El Salvador , thereby illuminating narratives that are often used to promote AI in other contexts as well.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 52, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 122, "end": 125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 156, "end": 165, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 366, "end": 379, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 472, "end": 476, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 534, "end": 543, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 615, "end": 627, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 903, "end": 912, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 951, "end": 974, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Media Observatory"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1089, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}]}
{"unique_index": 21286, "source_text": "The broad range of uses of large language models (LLMs) and so-called AI technologies has led to important conversations about what jobs, tasks, and leisure activities can or should be mechanized, and the importance of human intervention. Through a collaboration with the Association for Progressive Communication ( APC ) and GenderIT , we commissioned essays to consider what our obsession with AI says about humanity, in the series “Don’t ask AI, ask a peer.” Topics range from questioning whether AI can be ethical and feminist ; examining the intersection of AI and Big Agro in Brazil ; and a human rights perspective , among many others. I’ve only skimmed the surface of the articles in our April Spotlight — there are many more excellent ones. Which one speaks to you very much depends on where you’re coming from, but I’m confident there will be some angle in the series that you’re not already aware of.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 272, "end": 313, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Association for Progressive Communication"}, {"start": 435, "end": 459, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Don’t ask AI, ask a peer"}, {"start": 582, "end": 588, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 630, "end": 634, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 702, "end": 711, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 724, "end": 728, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 756, "end": 759, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21287, "source_text": "Just to pick just one relatively cheerful example, I had no idea that a Bosnian rock group had written a total bop satirizing dependence on AI — much less the historical context relevant to the music video — or that it would be exactly what I needed to sing along with to let off some AI-related frustration (try it!). Access to all these stories, events, and issues I didn't know about before has also highlighted another good that is unevenly distributed in our world: information. We all have access to enormous amounts of coverage about a small subset of people and topics in a few countries, and very little about anything outside that limited subset. Even with the amazing tool that is the internet, the disproportion in the way attention is allocated can make it very hard to find an audience for what you have to say, and conversely to find the stories you didn’t know you needed — about how AI is affecting the conflict in Colombia ; about toolkits for civil society confronting AI ; about the dismantling of the Russian internet , and more. With Global Voices, and particularly with these Spotlight series, we hope to tilt that distribution a little closer to even.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 21, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 582, "end": 585, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 932, "end": 940, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 1056, "end": 1069, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1108, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}]}
{"unique_index": 21288, "source_text": "Archiving Nepal’s medicinal plants and Indigenous knowledge for future generations\n\nMost of the Tharu community ’s medicinal and cultural knowledge in the western and southern plains of Nepal and northern India has been passed down orally, from healer to healer and generation to generation. Yet this living knowledge rarely appears in archives in ways that center community voices and consent. The OpenSpeaks Archives , launched in 2024 and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation , is a digital language archive that supports community-based archivists in documenting, transcribing, and publishing Indigenous and low-resourced languages from India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. As part of this work, Sanjib Chaudhary has been documenting his community’s traditional healing practices and folk knowledge through audio-visual recordings. He is a long-time Global Voices contributor, author, and Eastern (Saptariya) Tharu language activist. This interview was conducted by Subhashish Panigrahi on behalf of Rising Voices and OpenSpeaks Archives via online call. Rising Voices (RV): You are both documenting and archiving your community’s traditional knowledge. Could you briefly describe the project and what you hope it will achieve?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Archiving Nepal’s medicinal plants and Indigenous knowledge for future generations"}, {"start": 186, "end": 191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 205, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 399, "end": 418, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenSpeaks Archives"}, {"start": 433, "end": 437, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 456, "end": 476, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wikimedia Foundation"}, {"start": 639, "end": 644, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 646, "end": 651, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 657, "end": 666, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 690, "end": 706, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sanjib Chaudhary"}, {"start": 844, "end": 857, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 871, "end": 877, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 918, "end": 926, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 960, "end": 980, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Subhashish Panigrahi"}, {"start": 994, "end": 1007, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rising Voices"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1031, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OpenSpeaks Archives"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1062, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rising Voices"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1066, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RV"}]}
{"unique_index": 21289, "source_text": "Sanjib Chaudhary (SC): As part of this project, I am interviewing Tharu traditional healers and documenting their practices in Eastern (Saptariya) Tharu. I have started with two healers from Saptari District in Madhesh Province, eastern Nepal, and I plan to reach more healers in Dang District in western Nepal and in Chitwan District in central Nepal. I want people to see how Tharu healing systems work across this east — west geography — how the plants, remedies, and rituals change from place to place, and what they have in common. These healers prepare many important decoctions and concoctions from local medicinal plants. I hope the documentation will be useful not only to my community but also to those working in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine. RV: Why did you choose audio-visual documentation instead of purely text-based documentation? SC: Earlier, through another grant, I had written about Tharu traditional healers in text form, but I increasingly felt that it was not enough.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 16, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sanjib Chaudhary"}, {"start": 174, "end": 177, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 191, "end": 207, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saptari District"}, {"start": 211, "end": 227, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Madhesh Province"}, {"start": 237, "end": 242, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 280, "end": 293, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dang District"}, {"start": 305, "end": 310, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 318, "end": 334, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chitwan District"}, {"start": 346, "end": 351, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 559, "end": 563, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21290, "source_text": "When we write, we lose so much: tone, rhythm, body language, and the emotion in the healer’s voice. Many people also do not have the time or habit to read long articles; they skim. With audio and video, they can hear the healer’s voice directly instead of reading my description of them. That creates trust and credibility — people see that these are real community members speaking about their own practices, not someone speaking on their behalf. RV: Today, many people also upload oral histories and interviews to YouTube. How is your work different from simply putting videos on YouTube? SC: YouTube is important because many people use it, but in its current form it adds more credibility. We follow specific documentation protocols; the documentation is directly from the field and is not for commercial use but for researchers, educators, and community members. This infrastructure gives the content a different kind of credibility and longevity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 100, "end": 104, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 452, "end": 457, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 459, "end": 463, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 516, "end": 523, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 582, "end": 589, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 595, "end": 602, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 624, "end": 628, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 821, "end": 832, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21291, "source_text": "RV: How can the tools and frameworks we’ve created for subtitling, documentation workflows, and language documentation guides be useful for you and other Tharu community-based documenters? How do you plan to use them? SC: They are very useful for community-based documenters. I am not only creating new recordings. I am also integrating them into various Wikipedia articles, enriching them with authentic audio-visual evidence from the community. This improves both the depth and credibility of those articles. I also contribute those materials to Wikisource and Wikidata. Subtitling in Eastern Tharu, Nepali, and English makes the content accessible to my own community as well as to people who do not speak Tharu but are interested in the knowledge. I call this the “media multiplier” effect—a single recording on one platform multiplies its impact across several platforms. RV: Wikimedia projects usually avoid “original research.” Yet oral documentation like yours often contains primary knowledge that is not written anywhere else. How do you see the value of these recordings in relation to academic citation and GLAM collaborations?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 355, "end": 364, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Wikipedia"}, {"start": 461, "end": 465, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 587, "end": 600, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Eastern Tharu"}, {"start": 816, "end": 819, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 858, "end": 865, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21292, "source_text": "SC: Often, when audio or video is uploaded to Wikimedia Commons, it only says this is the language spoken in this clip. But the actual knowledge spoken in the clip matters. I hope we archive the material properly and credit the documenters, so that future writers and researchers can use and cite such knowledge. If community members know their work will be cited and recognized, they are more likely to spend time documenting, transcribing, and annotating. It also means that the community’s own interpretations and explanations enter the record, not just the interpretations of external researchers. RV: You mentioned concerns about how community knowledge is used. What kind of safeguards or recognition are needed to document and share the Tharu community’s knowledge? SC: When we publish deep community knowledge—especially about medicinal practices, rituals, or other sensitive areas—we have to think carefully about where and how it is stored. The knowledge belongs to the community as a whole. Ideally, the documentation should clearly state that this is Tharu community knowledge, recorded with consent, and that the community retains rights over reuses.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 256, "end": 263, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 268, "end": 279, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 589, "end": 600, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21293, "source_text": "If someone in the future uses our recordings, they should acknowledge that the material comes from the Tharu community and from specific healers, and follow the permissions the community has given. RV: Looking ahead, what do you see as the long-term benefits of this documentation for the Tharu community itself? SC: Many of our resource persons — our healers, singers, and storytellers — are growing older. Younger people in the community are often not fully aware of how rich our Indigenous culture and knowledge are. When these elders pass away without their knowledge being documented, we lose songs, healing practices, and ways of seeing the world forever. If we document these practices now, the recordings will hold knowledge for future generations. Maybe my son, or my grandchild, or any young Tharu who becomes curious about our traditions can go back to these archives and learn directly from the elders’ voices. This is not just a repository. It is a living body of knowledge kept for future generations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 361, "end": 368, "label": "JOB", "value": "singers"}, {"start": 693, "end": 696, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21294, "source_text": "Why we’re choosing to focus on climate solutions\n\nThe climate crisis can feel like an insurmountable problem, and for good reason. Humans aren’t very good at conceptualizing — let alone coming up with solutions to — large-scale issues. And it doesn’t get much larger than an Earth-wide crisis hundreds of years in the making. Much of the news around climate change focuses on troubling developments, including increasingly common devastating weather events ; rising sea levels that could overtake entire archipelagos and displace millions; heatwaves that are making some parts of the world borderline unlivable; glacial lake outburst floods ( GLOFs ) that can devastate mountain communities, and countries already implementing stricter border regulations to head off future waves of climate migrants. Journalists and climate scientists aren’t wrong for sounding the alarm. After all, collectively, as a species, we aren’t doing a very good job of mitigating the crisis, even though we’ve known about it for decades.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 48, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Why we’re choosing to focus on climate solutions"}, {"start": 293, "end": 301, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 530, "end": 538, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 801, "end": 812, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalists"}, {"start": 825, "end": 835, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21295, "source_text": "Corporations still carry out emissions-intensive activities unchecked ; nearly every population on earth has microplastics in their bodies because of widespread plastic pollution, yet we continue to utilize an astonishing amount of single-use containers and packaging, and big tech companies are barreling full force toward an AI-powered future with little regard for how the resource-heavy technology might impact surrounding communities. Combined, all of these challenges can be frightening, and it’s no surprise that a 2022 study published in Lancet Planetary Health found that 60 percent of young people globally are “very worried” about the future of the planet. So why is Global Voices choosing to launch a Spotlight on climate solutions amid this less-than-cheery landscape? I’ll explain. It’s practical The climate crisis scares me. I will openly admit that, and it’s easy to feel nihilistic about our future when those in power seem fairly unmoved by the predicament we face. However, one thing that keeps me motivated is reading about success stories and resilience where people made a difference in their own communities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 522, "end": 526, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 581, "end": 583, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 678, "end": 691, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 713, "end": 722, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 994, "end": 997, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21296, "source_text": "Global Voices has shared stories of the largest seed bank in Africa, coral restoration projects in the Indonesian archipelago, communities in Latin America successfully pushing back against water- and energy-intensive data centers that would drain their precious environmental resources, conservation campaigns that have revived endangered species in Nepal, the use of vetiver plants in the Caribbean to help combat environmental impacts like drought and flooding, and forest reclamation efforts led by the Indigenous communities in Thailand, just to name a few. On one hand, these stories are deeply inspiring and can provide a much-needed emotional boost amid a fairly depressing news cycle. On the other hand, they can also offer something more practical: a roadmap. It is important to share replicable, scalable examples of successful climate action because that’s the only way these strategies can be employed in other communities that need them. Communities suffering from shrinking bodies of water can look to Kazakhstan’s ongoing, successful restoration of the Aral Sea . Environmentalists seeking to include Indigenous communities in their conservation strategies need only look to Nepal and its work with Chepang community leaders when creating national parks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 61, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 142, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 351, "end": 356, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 391, "end": 400, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 533, "end": 541, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 566, "end": 569, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1027, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 1069, "end": 1077, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 1191, "end": 1196, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1223, "end": 1240, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leaders"}]}
{"unique_index": 21297, "source_text": "In Jamaica, which experienced the effects of Hurricane Melissa last year, people have been finding innovative ways to secure their properties’ roofs, and amid worsening annual hurricanes and tropical storms — strategies that could be incredibly useful in other places that experience annual storms, such as the Philippines. It’s easy to feel helpless in the face of a problem as big as the climate crisis, but sharing success stories can help mitigate that feeling. It shows those on the front lines of climate action that we see them, appreciate them, and want to follow their lead. Psychological support “Climate anxiety, also known as “ eco-anxiety ,” a phenomenon where people feel a deep-seated anxiety or despair about climate change, has become more and more widespread in recent years. This is likely tied to the increasing number of natural disasters and severe weather patterns, as well as increases in generalized anxiety, but it may also be linked to increased social media usage, “doomscrolling,” competitive news cycles that, on some level, need consumers to be scared so they keep coming back, which keeps ratings up.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 10, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jamaica"}, {"start": 63, "end": 72, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 311, "end": 322, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Philippines"}]}
{"unique_index": 21298, "source_text": "Eco anxiety is particularly common among people who have experienced or been exposed to climate disasters , such as flooding, wildfires, droughts, or territory destruction. While much of the research on this subject has centered on the Global North, it makes sense to assume that those in more climate-vulnerable states, who are disproportionately affected by the climate crisis, would be more acutely concerned about future environmental disasters. Research shows that climate anxiety doesn’t affect everyone in the same way. For some, when managed effectively, it can be a motivating factor , spurring them to engage in positive climate action and activism. But when anxiety tips into hopelessness and despair, it can be devastating for community engagement. A 2023 study published in the “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” found that climate anxiety can induce “eco-paralysis” — a state in which people feel the world’s situation is beyond repair. This leads to nihilism and inaction, which is simply unhelpful when we are facing a crisis that requires significant global cooperation and behavioral changes.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 763, "end": 767, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 792, "end": 857, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"}]}
{"unique_index": 21299, "source_text": "When people feel a situation is hopeless, they are less likely to push for change, adapt their habits, or support those doing positive climate work. This can increase apathy and make it more difficult for environmental defenders and activists to achieve the lasting climate action that we, as a society, desperately need. This is particularly important for young people. In an interview with UNICEF, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, a climate researcher in the Philippines, explains how climate-induced psychological stress can affect children. “Children and young people are particularly at risk for climate anxiety. Although climate anxiety is a natural and adaptive response to the real and existential threats of climate crisis, climate anxiety can cause depression, anxiety, and trouble sleeping, among others, in young people. Many young people around the world are very worried about their future on a warming planet.” This anxiety can have real consequences. As Elissa Epel , a researcher at UC San Francisco, notes : “If our young people can’t have hope and engage in climate action, then we’re going to have that much harder of a time bending the curve back.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 233, "end": 242, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 392, "end": 398, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 421, "end": 426, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Aruta"}, {"start": 438, "end": 448, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 456, "end": 467, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Philippines"}, {"start": 828, "end": 832, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 965, "end": 976, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elissa Epel"}, {"start": 981, "end": 991, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}]}
{"unique_index": 21300, "source_text": "Sharing stories of hope and progress can break this bleak cycle and energize people to find ways to contribute in their own communities. Change starts at the community level Life is hard now, and we have no guarantee it’s going to get better anytime soon. It’s important to celebrate the wins as they emerge and nurture gratitude and respect for our fellow humans. The reality is, it is very difficult to make global change in how we approach our environment. But on a community level? It’s much easier to make a difference. A small-scale shift toward a greener life looks much more attainable and is something most individuals could achieve, whether they’re a top international climate expert or just a regular person interested in making a change in their community. That could look different for different people. In some spaces, that might mean planting biodiversity hotspots, where Indigenous plants can thrive and support the local ecology. In others, that might mean launching education campaigns about plastic use, protesting, organizing river cleanups, or eating less meat.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 187, "end": 190, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21301, "source_text": "Some people might lobby local officials to increase funding for recycling or increase electric vehicle infrastructure. Others might help create a community resilience hub in their neighborhood, which can help organize aid when disasters strike. We can all vote with our wallets and intentionally support companies that are implementing greener policies, while shaming those who don’t. The possibilities are endless, and they all contribute to a greater goal of encouraging more people to think critically about our consumption habits, the politicians we vote for, and the companies we support. Communities in the Global South are often both the most affected by climate change and the most innovative in their responses, partly out of necessity. Many of our global community of contributors, academics, activists, translators, and researchers are on the front lines of climate change and in a prime position to tell the stories of resilience and success we need to hear most. Throughout May 2026, check in regularly on Global Voices to stay updated. Who knows what you might be motivated to do next.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 539, "end": 550, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 613, "end": 625, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}, {"start": 636, "end": 640, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 803, "end": 812, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 814, "end": 825, "label": "JOB", "value": "translators"}, {"start": 831, "end": 842, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 987, "end": 995, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2026"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1032, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21309, "source_text": "Can the Great Nicobar Islands survive India’s development aspirations?\n\nA massive infrastructure project planned for Great Nicobar Island , part of India’s Nicobar Islands , an island chain owned and managed by India in the eastern Indian Ocean , has triggered growing debate over development, environmental risks, and the future of Indigenous communities. The proposed Great Nicobar Development Project includes a transshipment port, an international airport, a township, and a power plant. First proposed by NITI Aayog (policy commission) in the late 2010s, the project received environmental clearance in 2022 and has since moved into the early stages of implementation. The Indian government has described the project as strategically significant because of the island’s location near the Strait of Malacca , one of the world’s busiest maritime trade routes. Government officials have defended the project as strategically important for strengthening India’s maritime presence in the Indo-Pacific and reducing dependence on foreign transshipment hubs. The project has also received backing from defense commentators and retired military officials. Speaking to Indo-Asian News Service ( IANS ), Major General (Retd.) Arvind Bhatia argued that the development could enhance India’s surveillance and maritime capabilities near the Strait of Malacca — one of the world’s busiest shipping routes — while improving the country’s long-term strategic and economic position in the region.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Can the Great Nicobar Islands survive India’s development aspirations?"}, {"start": 117, "end": 137, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar Island"}, {"start": 148, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India’s Nicobar Islands"}, {"start": 211, "end": 216, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 232, "end": 244, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indian Ocean"}, {"start": 370, "end": 383, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar"}, {"start": 548, "end": 558, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 2010s"}, {"start": 608, "end": 612, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 793, "end": 810, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Strait of Malacca"}, {"start": 955, "end": 960, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 988, "end": 1000, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indo-Pacific"}, {"start": 1164, "end": 1187, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Indo-Asian News Service"}, {"start": 1190, "end": 1194, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IANS"}, {"start": 1220, "end": 1233, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Arvind Bhatia"}, {"start": 1276, "end": 1281, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1332, "end": 1349, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Strait of Malacca"}]}
{"unique_index": 21310, "source_text": "The project returned to national attention in April 2026 after Rahul Gandhi , the Leader of the Opposition in the Indian Lok Sabha (lower house of the parliament), visited Great Nicobar and criticized the scale of the proposed development during a public event on the island. Subsequent criticism from opposition leaders in parliament further intensified public debate over the project’s ecological impact and its implications for Indigenous communities. An ecologically fragile island Great Nicobar Island is known for its tropical rainforests , coastal ecosystems, and rich biodiversity. Galathea Bay , where the proposed port is expected to be built, is considered one of the most important nesting grounds for the giant leatherback turtle in the northern Indian Ocean. Environmental groups and marine researchers have raised concerns about the fragile marine ecosystem surrounding the bay. Scientists cited by the Wildlife Institute of India , as well as conservation researchers interviewed by Mongabay India, have pointed to the presence of thousands of coral colonies in the area, which is not visible in government maps. Recent reporting by Scroll India also highlighted concerns over the ecological impact of construction near critical leatherback turtle nesting sites.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 56, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 172, "end": 185, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar"}, {"start": 302, "end": 320, "label": "JOB", "value": "opposition leaders"}, {"start": 486, "end": 506, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar Island"}, {"start": 590, "end": 602, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Galathea Bay"}, {"start": 759, "end": 771, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indian Ocean"}, {"start": 805, "end": 816, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 894, "end": 904, "label": "JOB", "value": "Scientists"}, {"start": 918, "end": 945, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Wildlife Institute of India"}, {"start": 972, "end": 983, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1013, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1056, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 1156, "end": 1161, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 21311, "source_text": "Critics of the project, including environmental lawyer Ritwick Dutta and researchers associated with the Society for Andaman and Nicobar Ecology (SANE), have warned about large-scale tree felling, biodiversity loss, and habitat disruption linked to the development. According to a 2026 Press Information Bureau (PIB) release on the project, the estimated number of trees in the affected area is 1.865 million, with up to 711,000 trees expected to be felled in phases as part of the forest diversion process. The concerns, however, extend beyond biodiversity alone. Great Nicobar lies in a high seismic zone and was heavily affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami , one of the deadliest natural disasters in recent history. Parts of the island experienced land subsidence after the tsunami, permanently altering sections of the coastline. Environmental analysis published by Earth.org noted that the island’s geological vulnerability continues to shape debate over large-scale infrastructure expansion. That history remains central to concerns about whether an island vulnerable to earthquakes, coastal erosion, and escalating climate risks can sustain the scale of urban and industrial development now being proposed. In a recent analysis published by the Economic Times, it was also noted that parts of Great Nicobar underwent major geological transformation following the 2004 tsunami.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 48, "end": 54, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 55, "end": 68, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ritwick Dutta"}, {"start": 73, "end": 84, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 105, "end": 144, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Society for Andaman and Nicobar Ecology"}, {"start": 146, "end": 150, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SANE"}, {"start": 281, "end": 285, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 286, "end": 310, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Press Information Bureau"}, {"start": 312, "end": 315, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "PIB"}, {"start": 395, "end": 408, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.865 million"}, {"start": 421, "end": 428, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "711,000"}, {"start": 565, "end": 578, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar"}, {"start": 639, "end": 643, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2004"}, {"start": 644, "end": 656, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indian Ocean"}, {"start": 891, "end": 900, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Earth.org"}, {"start": 1215, "end": 1218, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1273, "end": 1287, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Economic Times"}, {"start": 1321, "end": 1334, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar"}, {"start": 1391, "end": 1395, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2004"}]}
{"unique_index": 21312, "source_text": "Indigenous communities and changing realities The island is also home to the Shompen , a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTGs — a government classification within India) with limited contact with the outside world, and the Nicobarese community, whose lives remain closely tied to the region’s forests and coastal ecosystems. Environmental researchers and rights groups have questioned whether Indigenous communities were adequately consulted during the project’s approval process. Recent reporting by Mongabay India documented concerns raised by tribal leaders, environmental researchers, and civil society groups over transparency, land diversion, and consultation procedures linked to the development. The debate has been especially sensitive in the case of the Shompen community because of their relative isolation. Researchers have warned that large-scale migration and population influx linked to future urbanization could create long-term social and public health pressures for Indigenous communities living on the island. Similar concerns have been reflected in reporting by Scroll and independent environmental researchers. Questions have also been raised about how demographic change could gradually reshape the region’s ecological and cultural balance. Public debate around the project has increasingly spilled onto social media platforms as well.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 89, "end": 125, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group"}, {"start": 170, "end": 175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 346, "end": 357, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 517, "end": 522, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 583, "end": 594, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 826, "end": 837, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1137, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21313, "source_text": "Supporters have framed the development as strategically important for India’s maritime security and economic interests, particularly because of Great Nicobar’s proximity to the Strait of Malacca. Political commentators , defense analysts, and public figures on X have argued that the project could strengthen India’s strategic position in the Indo-Pacific region. Critics, meanwhile, have used social media to highlight concerns over deforestation, biodiversity loss, ecological vulnerability, and the future of Indigenous communities, particularly given the island’s fragile coastal ecosystem and its experience during the 2004 tsunami. Competing visions of development Supporters of the project, including government officials and retired military commentators, have described the Great Nicobar Development Project as strategically important for strengthening India’s maritime infrastructure and reducing dependence on foreign transshipment ports. Critics, including environmental lawyer Ritwick Dutta and conservation groups such as the Society for Andaman and Nicobar Ecology (SANE), have questioned the long-term ecological consequences of large-scale construction on one of India’s most environmentally fragile islands. For many observers, the debate surrounding Great Nicobar reflects a broader question facing climate-vulnerable regions: how to balance economic ambition and strategic interests with ecological survival and Indigenous rights.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 75, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 144, "end": 157, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar"}, {"start": 177, "end": 194, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Strait of Malacca"}, {"start": 229, "end": 237, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 261, "end": 262, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 309, "end": 314, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 343, "end": 355, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indo-Pacific"}, {"start": 624, "end": 628, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2004"}, {"start": 783, "end": 796, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar"}, {"start": 862, "end": 867, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 983, "end": 989, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 990, "end": 1003, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ritwick Dutta"}, {"start": 1040, "end": 1079, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Society for Andaman and Nicobar Ecology"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1085, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SANE"}, {"start": 1180, "end": 1185, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1230, "end": 1234, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1269, "end": 1282, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Nicobar"}]}
{"unique_index": 21320, "source_text": "How one Kenyan community is building a new future on reclaimed ground\n\nIn 2022, Kenya’s Lekiji community secured legal rights to the land they had occupied for more than sixty years. What followed has reshaped how land, power, and gender operate within the community. On July 11, 2022, Kenya’s then Health Cabinet Secretary, Mutahi Kagwe, issued 766 land title deeds to residents of the Lekiji community, a pastoral settlement in Northern Kenya’s Laikipia County . With a stroke of the pen, hundreds of pastoral families who had lived on the land for decades as squatters became its legal owners. Until this settlement, the Lekiji were not recognized as the rightful occupants of their land under the Constitution of Kenya (2010) . They possessed no legal deed and no formal proof of residency beyond the roads, schools, and homes they had spent sixty years constructing. Questions of postcolonial land rights remain deeply contested across Kenya, particularly where formal title possession conflicts with long-standing occupation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How one Kenyan community is building a new future on reclaimed ground"}, {"start": 74, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 80, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 170, "end": 181, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "sixty years"}, {"start": 271, "end": 284, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 11, 2022"}, {"start": 286, "end": 291, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 299, "end": 323, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Health Cabinet Secretary"}, {"start": 346, "end": 349, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "766"}, {"start": 430, "end": 462, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Northern Kenya’s Laikipia County"}, {"start": 491, "end": 499, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 717, "end": 722, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 724, "end": 728, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 846, "end": 857, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "sixty years"}, {"start": 941, "end": 946, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}]}
{"unique_index": 21321, "source_text": "A history of dispossession and legal contestation Conflict over land rights in Laikipia can be traced back to the period surrounding the Mau Mau uprising . In 1960, a white colonial-era farmer allocated small parcels of land to his former workers, who established a pastoral settlement of around three hundred families. These arrangements were never formalized through legally recognized titles. In later years, the same land was transferred through what residents describe as a series of “corrupt transactions” to a private owner, Nigel Trent. By the early 2000s, Trent began threatening eviction. Trent’s claim rested on formal ownership. Yet that ownership derived from a colonial land transfer that many postcolonial legal scholars would argue lacked a legitimate original title. The dispute, therefore, raised a deeper legal question about the relationship between formal property rights and historical dispossession. In 2012, following a petition by Trent, the High Court of Nakuru issued an eviction order affecting more than 400 Lekiji families. Residents were given 90 days to vacate or face prosecution.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 159, "end": 163, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1960"}, {"start": 186, "end": 192, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmer"}, {"start": 296, "end": 309, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three hundred"}, {"start": 552, "end": 563, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 2000s"}, {"start": 703, "end": 707, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 926, "end": 930, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2012"}, {"start": 967, "end": 987, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "High Court of Nakuru"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1036, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1082, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "90 days"}]}
{"unique_index": 21322, "source_text": "The ruling affirmed the legal weight of formal title and declined to grant a stay of eviction, emphasizing that the registered owner had a right to “enjoy the fruits of their judgment.” Over the previous five decades, the community had built a social and economic life on this land. Leaving was not a viable option. With support from NGOs such as IMPACT Kenya , the community resisted. They delayed the eviction order and used that time to pursue legal avenues to reclaim their land. The case was framed in court as a conflict between competing rights. Residents argued that eviction would cause substantial loss, pointing to homes, schools, and long-term settlement. The court, however, concluded that the titleholder would suffer greater loss if denied possession. The conflict extended beyond legal proceedings. Between 2012 and 2022, violent confrontations between police and community members became part of everyday life. Community leaders established a perimeter defense system, staffed around the clock. In 2020, one resident recalled that two members of the community were killed in clashes with law enforcement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 195, "end": 216, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous five decades"}, {"start": 354, "end": 359, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}, {"start": 823, "end": 827, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2012"}, {"start": 832, "end": 836, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 928, "end": 945, "label": "JOB", "value": "Community leaders"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1019, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1021, "end": 1024, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1051, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21323, "source_text": "State settlement and legal resolution The dispute was ultimately resolved through state intervention rather than judicial recognition of customary rights. Earlier court decisions had already prioritized formal title over long-term occupation, even where communities demonstrated a potential substantial loss if evicted. In 2022, the Kenyan government purchased the land from Trent and transferred ownership to the Lekiji community, subdividing it among approximately 300 households. Each household received about 2.25 acres. This outcome reflects a broader pattern in land governance, where the state resolves competing claims through purchase and redistribution rather than fully adjudicating the legality of historical ownership. For residents like Eunice Amira, the impact was deeply personal. Born in 1980, she had lived her entire life as a squatter. She watched her family engage in repeated legal battles in Nakuru and Nairobi, which drained them financially and shaped her sense of identity and belonging. When the title deeds were issued, she told the Kenya News Agency that she felt as though she had “been born again.” She added that “some have died trying to get the same.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 323, "end": 327, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 467, "end": 470, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}, {"start": 513, "end": 517, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.25"}, {"start": 805, "end": 809, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1078, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kenya News Agency"}]}
{"unique_index": 21324, "source_text": "The government’s decision provided legal certainty and recognition for families who had long existed outside formal property systems. Women, land, and economic transformation While the 2022 decision resolved the question of ownership, the use of that land has driven further change within the community. Lekiji remains a patriarchal society, where men traditionally control income-generating activities such as farming and herding, while women manage domestic responsibilities. These economic structures are under increasing strain. As Fardosa Hassan, Community Outreach Officer at the neighboring Mpala Research Center and a Lekiji resident, explained, traditional livelihoods often fail to provide sufficient income or long-term security. As a result, many young people leave in search of employment, education, and more diverse opportunities. In response, community leaders have expanded women’s economic roles. Following the land settlement, five acres were allocated exclusively for women to develop income-generating activities. This represents less than 0.5 percent of Lekiji’s total land, but it has become a focal point for economic diversification. Women in the community have developed multiple projects on this land. They sell beadwork to tourists visiting nearby conservancies.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 185, "end": 189, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 552, "end": 578, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Community Outreach Officer"}, {"start": 598, "end": 619, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Mpala Research Center"}, {"start": 754, "end": 758, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 859, "end": 876, "label": "JOB", "value": "community leaders"}, {"start": 946, "end": 950, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1064, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.5"}]}
{"unique_index": 21325, "source_text": "They are constructing a guesthouse where visitors can stay and experience local ways of life. They grow fruits and vegetables for sale in local markets. They have installed a solar-powered well to support irrigation. They also operate a chicken farm, producing eggs and meat for both consumption and sale. According to Hassan, “these activities provide women with a source of income that is flexible and controlled directly by them,” allowing women to support household needs such as school fees, food, and healthcare. She also emphasized that these initiatives create opportunities for women to develop skills in design, marketing, and business management, supporting longer-term economic participation. Shifting power within the community The effects extend beyond income. Access to independent financial resources has changed household dynamics. Women who previously had limited economic autonomy now have greater control over decision-making. Some have been able to navigate or leave difficult relationships. Others have remained within the community with increased independence. The Lekiji case illustrates a broader legal and social dynamic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 279, "end": 283, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 319, "end": 325, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hassan"}, {"start": 900, "end": 903, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21326, "source_text": "Formal land rights establish a foundation, but the distribution of access and control determines how those rights reshape power within communities. These changes reflect a broader shift in how land rights operate at the local level. Legal ownership provides a foundation. The distribution of access and control determines how that foundation is used. Looking ahead Communities like Lekiji continue to face pressures from climate change, evolving conservation policies, and changing economic conditions. These pressures affect both livelihoods and long-term stability. Securing land rights addressed one dimension of vulnerability. The longer-term challenge lies in how those rights are exercised, particularly in contexts where law alone has not resolved the legacies of dispossession. In Lekiji, expanding women’s participation in economic life has become part of that process. For postcolonial communities, ownership is only one dimension of justice. Who benefits from the land may ultimately determine whether communities can remain on it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 526, "end": 530, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 599, "end": 602, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 927, "end": 930, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21327, "source_text": "How climate stress is reshaping the fishing sector in Barbados\n\nCaribbean fisheries are still recovering from the damage caused by Hurricane Beryl in 2024 and Hurricane Melissa in 2025 — yet, hurricanes are only one egg in the basket of uncertainty brought on by the climate crisis . Throughout the archipelago, vast sargassum mats stall boats, smother shorelines, and disrupt fishing activities, suggesting a tangible and inevitable impact upon various fisheries . The region’s geography increases vulnerability to climate hazards and extreme events, the effects of which are mainly amplified by increasing global sea surface temperatures . This is the driving force that feeds tropical cyclones with exorbitant amounts of energy during development, resulting in the high level of destruction we have seen on many islands. When coupled with the influx of nutrients in the ocean from anthropogenic activity, it accelerates the growth and spread of sargassum mats.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 62, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How climate stress is reshaping the fishing sector in Barbados"}, {"start": 64, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 150, "end": 154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 180, "end": 184, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 212, "end": 215, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 810, "end": 814, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21328, "source_text": "At minimum concentrations, sargassum is an essential food source, refuge, nursery habitat and natural fish aggregating device for numerous marine species, including juvenile dolphinfish ( Coryphaena hippurus ) and the eggs and larvae of four-winged flying fish — but the current surplus has had detrimental effects on the marine ecosystem, reducing light penetration and productivity in coral reefs and seagrass meadows. These habitats are essential for fish populations in the Caribbean to thrive; their degradation directly affects the fisheries industry. For the fishers of Barbados, the golden tide of sargassum is both a curse and an opportunity. Along the coast, it is a foul-smelling nuisance; in harbours, it causes vessel entrapments that clog engine intakes and destroy propellers. Yet, further out at sea, these same mats become floating gold mines, where young dolphinfish are easily — and perhaps too frequently — harvested from the safety of the weed. Additionally, reduced landings for some species and, conversely, increased landings of juvenile dolphinfish that aggregate around sargassum constitute a practice that threatens not only dolphinfish stock dynamics but also the economic sustainability of the many who rely on Barbados’ fishing sector, which ranges from commercial to subsistence fisheries and is accessible and income-generating to all.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 478, "end": 487, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 577, "end": 585, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 619, "end": 623, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1240, "end": 1248, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}]}
{"unique_index": 21329, "source_text": "Infrastructure and resilience The passage of Hurricane Beryl significantly impacted Barbados’ coastal assets and infrastructure, particularly at the Bridgetown Fisheries Complex, where over 200 fishing vessels and the breakwater jetties were damaged , approximately 2,500 people directly affected, and 70 boats lost. To help alleviate some of the impacts of hurricanes, Barbados’ government put several measures in place to assist fisherfolk. The implementation of a Fisheries Recovery Plan provided business interruption benefits, helped repair and replace fishing vessels, rehabilitated marine-based parts of the Bridgetown Fisheries Complex and landing sites, and protected the coastline. The World Bank Beryl Emergency Response and Recovery Project (BERRP), a USD 54 million initiative, provides direct financial aid to fisherfolk for boat repairs, and funds critical infrastructure upgrades at both Bridgetown Port and vulnerable coastal sites like Payne’s Bay. A standout feature of the six-year plan is the inclusion of a “climate resilient debt clause,” which allows the government to pause loan repayments during future disasters to focus on immediate relief.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 84, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 190, "end": 193, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 266, "end": 271, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,500"}, {"start": 302, "end": 304, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 370, "end": 378, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 395, "end": 402, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 467, "end": 490, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Fisheries Recovery Plan"}, {"start": 696, "end": 706, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 754, "end": 759, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BERRP"}, {"start": 768, "end": 778, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "54 million"}, {"start": 899, "end": 903, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 904, "end": 919, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bridgetown Port"}, {"start": 954, "end": 965, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Payne’s Bay"}]}
{"unique_index": 21330, "source_text": "In collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the government of Japan , which provided USD 2.93 million in funding, Barbados’ Ministry of Environment, Natural Beautification and Fisheries also implemented a one-year Coastal Fisheries Resilience project. A Fisheries Benevolent Fund was created with a USD 500,000 donation from the Latin American Development Bank, alongside a 30-year revolving fund that assists fisherfolk in purchasing new boats, repairing existing ones, and settling any outstanding debts. Despite these efforts, the socioeconomic impacts of Hurricane Beryl persist. Coupled with additional climate stressors such as rising temperatures and sargassum influxes, and with the instability of their livelihoods, fisherfolk have fewer incentives to refrain from harvesting juvenile dolphinfish. The competition to locate, harvest, and sell as much dolphinfish as possible has become paramount. The initiatives driving change Last year, two critical Acts were passed in parliament: the Barbados Sustainable Fisheries Management and Development Act and the Seafood Markets and Businesses Act . Provisions in the legislation promote the purchase of fish and fish products exclusively from licensed vendors.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 26, "end": 62, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Development Programme"}, {"start": 64, "end": 68, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNDP"}, {"start": 92, "end": 97, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Japan"}, {"start": 119, "end": 131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.93 million"}, {"start": 144, "end": 152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 154, "end": 177, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Environment"}, {"start": 284, "end": 309, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Fisheries Benevolent Fund"}, {"start": 333, "end": 340, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500,000"}, {"start": 359, "end": 390, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Latin American Development Bank"}, {"start": 967, "end": 976, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last year"}, {"start": 978, "end": 981, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1088, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Barbados Sustainable Fisheries Management and Development Act"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1131, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Seafood Markets and Businesses Act"}, {"start": 1237, "end": 1244, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendors"}]}
{"unique_index": 21331, "source_text": "The Act also highlights safety standards for handling post-harvest stocks, prohibits unsustainable fishing practices, protects marine mammals and coastal ecosystems through the designation of no-trawl zones in shallow coastal areas, and bans the harvesting or causing injury to marine mammals. These measures serve as a continued commitment to the vision outlined in the Barbados Fisheries Policy 2023–2033 , which underpins the goal of “improved up-to-date knowledge of the fisheries resources in Barbados’s Exclusive Economic Zone” — integral to both the local and regional dolphinfish stocks . There is a critical need to effectively manage stock and harvest levels, but this is currently undermined by weak regional data collection. In collaboration with The University of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus and the Barbados Fisheries Division, young Fishery Biology students at the Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences are assisting the Fisheries Division in collecting morphometric and meristic data under the “Dolphinfish Wild Stock Resilience Project.” The collaboration comes at a critical time to bridge the data gap for the management and conservation of marine ecosystems.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 371, "end": 396, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Barbados Fisheries Policy"}, {"start": 397, "end": 401, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 402, "end": 406, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2033"}, {"start": 498, "end": 532, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados’s Exclusive Economic Zone"}, {"start": 548, "end": 552, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 682, "end": 691, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 818, "end": 826, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 885, "end": 931, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences"}, {"start": 1025, "end": 1066, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dolphinfish Wild Stock Resilience Project"}]}
{"unique_index": 21332, "source_text": "Insights, solutions, and recommendations Preliminary data from six site visits, measuring over 300 fish across two major landing sites, suggest concerns regarding the increasing prevalence of smaller dolphinfish within the Barbados fishery. Based on collected weight and length data, approximately 46 percent of the catch fell below the five-pound juvenile benchmark. In Oistins, the fishing town on the island’s southern coast known for its famous Friday Night Fish Fry , most dolphinfish landed were undersized, despite only one site visit being conducted there. Although the data do not establish climate change as a direct cause, they are consistent with broader concerns that changing ocean conditions and shifting fishing patterns may be increasing pressure on fisherfolk to maintain their livelihoods by catching smaller fish. The implementation of pre- and post-disaster plans and an early warning and monitoring system for potentially intense hazards is essential to ensuring safety at sea under variable conditions. The Fisheries Division has publicised vessel relocation protocols and plans for disaster response, which were tested during one tabletop and two simulation exercises.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 63, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 95, "end": 98, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}, {"start": 111, "end": 114, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 223, "end": 231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 298, "end": 300, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "46"}, {"start": 449, "end": 455, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Friday"}, {"start": 527, "end": 530, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1150, "end": 1153, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1167, "end": 1170, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21333, "source_text": "Incorporating fisheries insurance also improves resilience and recovery efforts for fisherfolk in the event of a disaster, allowing them to return to sea with minimal delays and reducing economic hardships, while still maintaining their income. A vessel insurance scheme is being developed in collaboration with the General Insurance Association of Barbados , especially as parametric insurance has already proved successful in countries such as St. Lucia and Grenada through the Caribbean Oceans and Aquaculture Sustainability Facility (COAST). Raising public awareness about the long-term consequences of harvesting juvenile dolphinfish will go a long way in educating people and fostering a sustainable fishery for future generations. This increased understanding is essential to ensuring responsible fishing practices and preserving dolphinfish populations over time. The Barbados Fisheries Mock Trial Simulation provides an excellent example of how public awareness can drive cultural change, bridging the gap between complex legal theory and real-world application, and ensuring that stakeholders truly understand the regulations protecting Barbados’ marine resources. By prioritising education over incarceration, it empowers the fishing community to become active partners in sustainable conservation rather than just subjects of enforcement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 316, "end": 357, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "General Insurance Association of Barbados"}, {"start": 460, "end": 467, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Grenada"}, {"start": 480, "end": 489, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 876, "end": 884, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 1147, "end": 1155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}]}
{"unique_index": 21334, "source_text": "The Barbados Dolphinfish Tagging Project is a vital research framework that bridges the gap between public participation and international science by integrating citizens into a global tagging network. By crowdsourcing data on life-history parameters such as migration patterns and growth rates, the project generates the localised evidence needed to transition from general estimates to precise, data-driven management policies tailored to Barbados’ territorial waters. Although the risks of rising temperatures cannot be mitigated, ecological managers can become more adaptable to reduce the effects on both fisheries and livelihoods, and long-term sustainability goals can be achieved through improved legislation. Mechanised, large-scale sargassum influx removal offers a vital long-term management strategy; yet, its success hinges on strict alignment with existing regional mitigation frameworks projects. To safeguard biodiversity, fishery biologists must designate specific harvest zones based on evidence-led recommendations that prioritise critical habitats and species protection. Integrating climate-proof infrastructure at landing sites to protect the surrounding docks and boats during storms and other hazards can also reduce damage and high post-relief costs.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 12, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 441, "end": 449, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Barbados"}, {"start": 545, "end": 553, "label": "JOB", "value": "managers"}, {"start": 605, "end": 609, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21335, "source_text": "Across Latin America, May Day protests highlight workers’ struggles and solidarity\n\nFrom Caracas to Santiago, workers filled the streets this May Day to demand higher wages, safer conditions and political accountability amid economic uncertainty across Latin America. Demonstrations in Venezuela, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador reflected both shared frustrations and distinct national crises, with unions, students and grassroots movements rallying against inequality and government inaction. In some countries, marches remained peaceful celebrations of labor solidarity; in others, protesters clashed with police as tensions over inflation, repression and social rights intensified. Together, the region’s May Day mobilizations underscored the enduring power of organized labor and the urgency of economic justice. Venezuela: A difficult minimum wage More than 2,000 workers took to the streets of Caracas on April 30 and May 1 , protesting a recently announced wage increase they called insufficient and misleading. On April 30, the protest was met with police repression against workers, guilds and collectives.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Across Latin America, May Day protests highlight workers’ struggles and solidarity"}, {"start": 89, "end": 96, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 253, "end": 266, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 286, "end": 295, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 297, "end": 302, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}, {"start": 304, "end": 308, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 310, "end": 316, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 318, "end": 326, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 331, "end": 338, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 349, "end": 353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 827, "end": 836, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 873, "end": 878, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,000"}, {"start": 910, "end": 917, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 921, "end": 929, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 30"}, {"start": 934, "end": 939, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 1"}, {"start": 1032, "end": 1040, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 30"}]}
{"unique_index": 21336, "source_text": "The government raised the so-called “comprehensive minimum income” from USD 190 to 240 per month , but the increase is largely based on bonuses rather than a real salary adjustment. Because these bonuses do not count toward pensions or other benefits, protesters argue the measure does little to improve long-term economic security. Chanting “a bonus is not a salary,” workers marched through the city as police blocked some roads without clashes. The protests reflect broader frustration with Venezuela’s economic crisis, where the official minimum wage has remained frozen since 2022, and is currently valued at around USD 0.30 per month amid high inflation. Many say the new income still falls far short of basic needs, with a family food basket estimated at about USD 700 monthly . Union leaders denounce the policy as deceptive, arguing workers are bearing the burden of a crisis they did not create. Demonstrations have spread beyond Caracas, and women have played a key role, highlighting how feminized sectors like caregiving remain excluded from labor discussions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 76, "end": 86, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "190 to 240"}, {"start": 494, "end": 503, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 581, "end": 585, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 594, "end": 603, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 625, "end": 629, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.30"}, {"start": 661, "end": 665, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 772, "end": 775, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "700"}, {"start": 776, "end": 783, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 940, "end": 947, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}]}
{"unique_index": 21337, "source_text": "Cuba: Co-opted workers’ rights May Day in Cuba occurs at a moment of extreme strain and uncertainty. Cubans face a severe economic, political, and social crisis driven by an authoritarian communist regime that resists structural change. At the same time, statements from figures like President Donald Trump and other senior U.S. officials have fueled talk of a possible American intervention. The atmosphere feels tense, layered with both internal hardship and external pressure. Yet, May 1 has never been an ordinary day on the island. In many countries, it offers workers a chance to raise demands and spotlight their needs; in Cuba, it has long served the government as a way to project strength and popular support. For decades, large-scale marches have followed the same script. Weeks in advance, workplaces plan mandatory attendance. On the eve of the march, people stay awake through the night, waiting to be transported by buses to Havana’s Revolution Square — the symbolic heart of political power. There, crowds exceeding a million people march for five hours under the watchful gaze of the country’s elite.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 42, "end": 46, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 284, "end": 293, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 294, "end": 306, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 324, "end": 328, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 434, "end": 438, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 485, "end": 490, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 1"}, {"start": 540, "end": 544, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 630, "end": 634, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cuba"}, {"start": 940, "end": 966, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Havana’s Revolution Square"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1041, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "million"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1069, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five hours"}]}
{"unique_index": 21338, "source_text": "But that era has faded, and participation has dropped sharply . The ongoing crisis, combined with public disillusionment, has weakened the pull of these mobilizations. For many, the pressure to attend — whether through fear of losing a job or part of a USD 15 monthly salary — no longer carries the same weight. In response, the government has moved the event to a smaller location near the U.S. Embassy. The scale has changed, but the intent remains: to preserve the image of unity, even as the reality on the ground grows more complex. Chile: Workers vs. neoliberal public policies For an inattentive observer, this May Day was like any other in recent Chilean history. Workers demonstrated peacefully in the country’s main cities, social media spread messages about wage justice, and Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago’s most important thoroughfare, was the setting for a customary march led by the Central Unitaria de Trabajadores (CUT), joined by the Central Autónoma de Trabajadores (CAT) and the Central Clasista de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras. But something changed radically in recent months.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 257, "end": 259, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 260, "end": 267, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 391, "end": 403, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "U.S. Embassy"}, {"start": 538, "end": 543, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chile"}]}
{"unique_index": 21339, "source_text": "The government of José Antonio Kast , who assumed the presidency on March 11, is pushing forward a series of controversial measures in the management of the state, including fiscal cuts in education, a minimum wage adjustment, and a National Reconstruction Plan that, with the aim of encouraging private investment, pursues a gradual reduction of the corporate tax rate from 27 to 23 percent. The May Day marches are considered part of a nascent protest movement against Kast, a far-right leader who won the December 2025 presidential election by a wide margin. “It is a democratic government; more than seven million workers voted for them,” acknowledged José Manuel Díaz, president of the CUT. “We have to go after those votes, raise awareness among them, talk to them.” Colombia: Decent work, not precarious jobs May Day 2026 in Colombia became a key political test ahead of the presidential elections later this month. The day broke with tradition when President Gustavo Petro moved his main speech to Medellín, the country’s strongest opposition stronghold and home to many of his fiercest critics.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 35, "label": "PERSON", "value": "José Antonio Kast"}, {"start": 68, "end": 76, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 11"}, {"start": 233, "end": 261, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Reconstruction Plan"}, {"start": 375, "end": 383, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27 to 23"}, {"start": 471, "end": 475, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kast"}, {"start": 508, "end": 521, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 604, "end": 617, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven million"}, {"start": 656, "end": 672, "label": "PERSON", "value": "José Manuel Díaz"}, {"start": 674, "end": 683, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 773, "end": 781, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 824, "end": 828, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 832, "end": 840, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 911, "end": 921, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this month"}, {"start": 957, "end": 966, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 967, "end": 980, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gustavo Petro"}]}
{"unique_index": 21340, "source_text": "Speaking after the marches before large crowds that enthusiastically supported him, Petro used the public gathering to promote a campaign for a National Constituent Assembly, aiming to bypass congressional resistance to his proposed reforms. His appearance heightened tensions with local authorities and intensified national political debate. Across Colombia’s major cities, the government sought to demonstrate its mobilizing power while opposition groups dominated social media and news coverage with criticism of Petro’s constitutional proposal. Labor unions backed the historic increase of the minimum wage to 2 million Colombian pesos (approximately USD 533) , while continuing to demand an end to precarious work conditions and full overtime compensation. Women’s organizations called for recognition of unpaid care work, pensioners defended the “Solidarity Pillar,” and Indigenous and campesino communities denounced violence from armed groups and demanded access to fertile land. Despite its electoral undertones, the day preserved its traditional spirit, with unions, rural communities, Indigenous groups, and social movements leading massive demonstrations nationwide. ​México: More humanity, less World Cup In Mexico, thousands of workers protested across multiple states amid a climate shaped by labor reforms and longstanding grievances.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 84, "end": 89, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Petro"}, {"start": 144, "end": 173, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Constituent Assembly"}, {"start": 350, "end": 358, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 516, "end": 521, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Petro"}, {"start": 614, "end": 623, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2 million"}, {"start": 659, "end": 662, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "533"}, {"start": 1221, "end": 1227, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 1229, "end": 1238, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 21341, "source_text": "Although the government has introduced significant measures (including raising the minimum wage, gradually reducing the workweek , and implementing the “Chair Law” aimed at improving workplace conditions), many Mexicans argue that these changes still fall short of truly dignifying labor. The marches reflected that tension. Under the slogan “More Humanity, Less World Cup,” education workers protested unpaid wages, excessive taxation, and reforms they say seriously threaten pensions, retirement security, and access to healthcare. Healthcare workers also joined the demonstrations , denouncing severe medication shortages and staffing deficits. What distinguished the 2026 protests was the visible leadership of women from regions considered high-risk. In Iguala, Guerrero — a city operating under active Violet Alert and Gender Violence Alert protocols — unionized female teachers mobilized to demand respect for their labor rights and an end to the constant harassment, mistreatment, and discrimination they say they face from the director of their workplace. Their protest highlighted that while labor rights may be advancing on paper, structural abuse, especially against women and in vulnerable territories, remains an unresolved reality.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 153, "end": 158, "label": "JOB", "value": "Chair"}, {"start": 206, "end": 210, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 671, "end": 675, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 876, "end": 884, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1044, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}]}
{"unique_index": 21342, "source_text": "Ecuador: The impact of violence in workers’ lives In Quito, Ecuador’s capital, May Day brought together thousands of people who flooded Avenida 10 de Agosto in a march stretching more than one kilometer. Labor unions, social and environmental organizations, anti-mining groups, women’s collectives, artists, youth movements, LGBTQ+ communities, and other citizens joined together in a powerful demonstration against worsening labor precarity and the declining living conditions faced by much of the population. Under the chant “Noboa out, out,” protesters expressed their rejection of the rising cost of living caused by the increase of the value-added tax (VAT) from 12 to 15 percent, as well as escalating violence and insecurity, insufficient investment in healthcare and education, and the sudden dismissal of doctors, teachers, and public servants. Demonstrators also denounced what they described as growing signs of authoritarianism, which are preventing the state from functioning effectively. The organized groups that marched in Quito on May 1 made clear that protecting existing rights — and preventing further deterioration — depends on political change and the end of a government they believe continues to act against the interests of ordinary people.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 53, "end": 58, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quito"}, {"start": 60, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 104, "end": 113, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 144, "end": 146, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 189, "end": 192, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 299, "end": 306, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 668, "end": 676, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12 to 15"}, {"start": 814, "end": 821, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 823, "end": 831, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1044, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quito"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1053, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 1"}]}
{"unique_index": 21343, "source_text": "Attacks on trans identities become a strategic political tool in Brazil\n\nIn July 2022, Kim Flores was denied a waxing service in São Paulo for being a trans woman. Despite having a scheduled appointment, when Flores arrived at the place, she was informed that the establishment only provided waxing services for “biological women.” Flores, a graphic designer who creates social media video content, took to the internet to share her story (the original video has since been deleted). She left a Google review describing what happened and posted videos about the situation for her 10,000 TikTok followers . In the next few days, the videos and the review posted by Flores were turned against her. They were used as a sort of moral panic weapon against the presence of trans women in women’s spaces by right-wing politicians and influencers. Nikolas Ferreira, who was a city councilor in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, at the time, reposted Flores’s video on Instagram, adding that Flores “identifies as a woman, but is a man.” Ferreira was elected for his first term in 2020.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 71, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Attacks on trans identities become a strategic political tool in Brazil"}, {"start": 76, "end": 85, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2022"}, {"start": 87, "end": 97, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kim Flores"}, {"start": 209, "end": 215, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 332, "end": 338, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 350, "end": 358, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}, {"start": 495, "end": 501, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Google"}, {"start": 580, "end": 586, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}, {"start": 587, "end": 593, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 613, "end": 626, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next few days"}, {"start": 664, "end": 670, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 811, "end": 822, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 827, "end": 838, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 840, "end": 856, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nikolas Ferreira"}, {"start": 944, "end": 950, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 962, "end": 971, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 985, "end": 991, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1039, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1078, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}]}
{"unique_index": 21344, "source_text": "During his time as a councillor, he was already known for addressing a trans woman peer, Duda Salabert, by using male pronouns and reinforcing that he didn’t acknowledge her gender identity . Later on, he was convicted of transphobia for his public comments about Salabert. He was also prosecuted for publishing a video exposing an underage trans girl in a school’s bathroom, which he claimed was recorded by his own sister. “It’s very convenient for [Ferreira] to continue disseminating hate speech against trans people and trans activism because they purport to be protecting women and children,” Flores told Global Voices in a phone interview. “As if trans people are a threat to women and children. Trans people are used as scapegoats.” Ferreira, a 29-year-old congressman who is conservative and religious, is well-known in Brazilian politics for using social media virality to gain visibility among the electorate. According to a study published in January by Zeeng , a company that researches online marketing strategies, he was Brazil’s most influential politician in the first semester of 2025, averaging 1,591,156 interactions per post on Instagram.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 452, "end": 460, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 599, "end": 605, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 611, "end": 624, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 741, "end": 749, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 753, "end": 764, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "29-year-old"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1042, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1072, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1123, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,591,156"}, {"start": 1149, "end": 1158, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}]}
{"unique_index": 21345, "source_text": "With 22 million followers on Meta’s platform, he is the second most-followed politician in Brazil, behind only former President Jair Bolsonaro , his ally. Almost four years ago, he had 3.5 million followers . A moral panic In the last decade in Brazil, transphobia has become one of the main tools for disseminating misinformation, according to Caê Vatiero, a trans journalist and media researcher. “It’s a strategy of using a scapegoat to gain voters,” Vatiero told Global Voices. “Trans people are being turned into a moral panic so right-wing politicians can say, this is what we are fighting against.” A few months after launching his attacks on Flores, Ferreira was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, securing 1.47 million votes, the highest total in the country in 2022 . Much like Bolsonaro , Ferreira owes his online virality to speeches that feed off pre-existing prejudices in Brazilian society , according to Caia Maria, trans activist and program director at Intersexo Brasil . “The right-wing camp does not elect itself by fooling the electorate,” Maria told Global Voices over a phone interview.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 15, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22 million"}, {"start": 29, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 77, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 91, "end": 97, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 118, "end": 127, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 128, "end": 142, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jair Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 162, "end": 176, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years ago"}, {"start": 185, "end": 196, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3.5 million"}, {"start": 230, "end": 241, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last decade"}, {"start": 245, "end": 251, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 345, "end": 356, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Caê Vatiero"}, {"start": 366, "end": 376, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 387, "end": 397, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 454, "end": 461, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vatiero"}, {"start": 467, "end": 480, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 546, "end": 557, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 608, "end": 624, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few months after"}, {"start": 650, "end": 656, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 658, "end": 666, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 716, "end": 728, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.47 million"}, {"start": 772, "end": 776, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 789, "end": 798, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 801, "end": 809, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 921, "end": 931, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Caia Maria"}, {"start": 939, "end": 947, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 960, "end": 968, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 982, "end": 988, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1067, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria"}, {"start": 1073, "end": 1086, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21346, "source_text": "“It merges with the desire of these voters to return to a society that has exterminated trans people from public life. [They want to] return to a time when trans women were afraid to go to the supermarket, to carry out the most mundane activities of their daily lives, because that was the case until the end of the 20th century.” In addition to Ferreira’s video, Flores was also targeted by other right-wing influencers and politicians, who used the opportunity to increase their own social media engagement. She sued most of her detractors for libel and defamation, and Ferreira for “transphobia, hate speech, and an affront to human dignity,” according to court documents reviewed by GV. In November 2025, Ferreira was sentenced to pay 40,000 BRL (around USD 7,613) in damages to Flores. He can still appeal the decision. After the decision, Ferreira commented on X (formerly Twitter) that it was now “a crime to call a man a man” and that he was “being punished for speaking the truth.” The post received over 1.3 million views. “He ends up as a martyr,” Flores said. “It’s a type of marketing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 256, "end": 261, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 312, "end": 328, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 20th century"}, {"start": 346, "end": 354, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 364, "end": 370, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 409, "end": 420, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 425, "end": 436, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 572, "end": 580, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 694, "end": 707, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 709, "end": 717, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 739, "end": 745, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40,000"}, {"start": 762, "end": 767, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7,613"}, {"start": 783, "end": 789, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}, {"start": 845, "end": 853, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 867, "end": 868, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 879, "end": 886, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 900, "end": 903, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1025, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.3 million"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1065, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Flores"}]}
{"unique_index": 21347, "source_text": "It’s cheaper than a [political] campaign because, at the end of the day, he will promote himself as being ‘against the system,’ someone who wants to defend free speech, the traditional family.” In the end, trans people are still affected by this speech in their day-to-day lives. “It affects all social aspects. Trans people aren’t able to rent a place to live, for example. We are being pushed further to the margins,” Vatiero said. The author reached out to Ferreira to ask about his use of transphobia online as a tactic for social media engagement, but did not receive a response before publication. Viral phobia There are limited studies on the use of transphobia as a tactic to gain visibility online in Brazil, but Caia Maria from Intersexo Brasil identifies the public rejection of any LGBTQ+ lifestyle as an old tool to appeal to the population at large in the political sphere, particularly during election year. Citing the first pro-dictatorship march in 1964, before Brazil’s military took over the country for 21 years , the “ March of the Family with God for Liberty ,” Maria argues that morally charged speeches performed for the masses are usually followed by attacks on democracy. Adding the internet to the equation increases the potential for the spread of hate speech.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 420, "end": 427, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vatiero"}, {"start": 438, "end": 444, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 460, "end": 468, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 710, "end": 716, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 722, "end": 732, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Caia Maria"}, {"start": 748, "end": 754, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 966, "end": 970, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1964"}, {"start": 979, "end": 985, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1031, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "21 years"}, {"start": 1084, "end": 1089, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maria"}]}
{"unique_index": 21348, "source_text": "“It’s important to talk about how the structures of Big Tech are built on racism and transphobia,” Vatiero said. “Their economic structure makes it easy for people to make money through the dissemination of transphobia. And today, people understand that it is extremely lucrative.” Despite rising attacks, the 2022 elections were a watershed moment for trans women in politics. According to the National Association of Travestis and Transexuals (Antra) , there were 79 trans candidates that year, a rise of 49 per cent since the previous national election in 2018, when Bolsonaro was elected president. Overall, four trans women were elected in 2022: Erika Hilton and Duda Salabert to the National Congress, and Linda Brasil and Dani Balbi to their states’ parliaments in Sergipe and Rio de Janeiro, respectively . Hilton and Salabert’s historical wins were followed by pushback. Research by Vatiero and Victória Ribeiro Carvalho at the São Paulo State University (UNESP) identified a pattern of transphobic attacks against both candidates. Between August and November of 2022, they found 665 transphobic posts directed at the politicians, questioning their gender or using masculine pronouns to refer to them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 99, "end": 106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vatiero"}, {"start": 224, "end": 229, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 310, "end": 314, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 395, "end": 444, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Association of Travestis and Transexuals"}, {"start": 466, "end": 468, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "79"}, {"start": 486, "end": 495, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that year"}, {"start": 507, "end": 509, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "49"}, {"start": 559, "end": 563, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 570, "end": 579, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 592, "end": 601, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 612, "end": 616, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 645, "end": 649, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 689, "end": 706, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Congress"}, {"start": 718, "end": 724, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brasil"}, {"start": 892, "end": 899, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vatiero"}, {"start": 937, "end": 963, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "São Paulo State University"}, {"start": 965, "end": 970, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESP"}, {"start": 1024, "end": 1028, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1068, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August and November"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1076, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 1089, "end": 1092, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "665"}, {"start": 1127, "end": 1138, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}]}
{"unique_index": 21349, "source_text": "As elected parliamentarians, they continue to be targets of attacks. City councilwoman Natasha Ferreira, elected in Porto Alegre in 2024 , describes this rise in trans candidacies as a re-organization of the LGBTQ+ movement to “dispute spaces and sectors we previously could not dispute” as a response to Bolsonaro’s far-right and openly anti-LGBTQ+ political agenda. Natasha counters these attacks with an agenda she describes as “transparent,” “pro human rights, with an emphasis on LGBTQ+ populations,” and “guided by feminism as a tool for emancipation of the people.” The councilwoman believes her broad approach helps her combat or mitigate harassment. “During my term, I chose not to be pigeonholed or reduced to the issues of the LGBT community,” Natasha said. “Because I believe that we, as LGBTQI+ people, take the bus, pay rent, and go to the market. The political stance I’m taking is a broader one: it’s about sitting at the decision-making table, and saying, look, my community isn’t represented here, and I don’t want to be in an LGBTQI+ [exclusive] table because I am not segregated from the rest of my city.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 27, "label": "JOB", "value": "parliamentarians"}, {"start": 95, "end": 103, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ferreira"}, {"start": 132, "end": 136, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 305, "end": 314, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 755, "end": 762, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Natasha"}]}
{"unique_index": 21350, "source_text": "Songs of resistance: Nepal’s Indigenous communities fight to preserve their musical heritage\n\nPilru, a terracotta musical instrument shaped like birds, made by Indigenous Tharu and Kumhar communities from Nepal’s southern plains, traveled from a village in Western Nepal to an art store in Kathmandu Valley, thanks to an art initiative led by Tharu artist Lavkant Chaudhary . For generations, Indigenous peoples have been using musical instruments made from clay in ceremonies, social events, and celebrations, not only to amuse and entertain the gathering but also to communicate and connect with deities and souls . Pilru – Songs of Resistance “ Pilru — Songs of Resistance is a community-led initiative dedicated to documenting, protecting, and reclaiming the Pilru, a handcrafted musical instrument passed across generations by Adivasi Tharu and Kumhar communities of the Tarai,” says artist Lavkant Chaudhary in his statement. “The project records oral histories, songs, and techniques, centering community voices and asserting the Pilru as a living practice, rather than a passing trend.” “I learned to play and make Pilru during my childhood,” said Roinu Chaudhary, a 70-year-old man from Deukhar of Lamahi in Western Nepal, in an interview with Global Voices.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 92, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Songs of resistance: Nepal’s Indigenous communities fight to preserve their musical heritage"}, {"start": 94, "end": 99, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 205, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 265, "end": 270, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 290, "end": 306, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kathmandu Valley"}, {"start": 349, "end": 355, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 356, "end": 373, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lavkant Chaudhary"}, {"start": 618, "end": 623, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 648, "end": 653, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 763, "end": 768, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 889, "end": 895, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 896, "end": 913, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lavkant Chaudhary"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1042, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1128, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 1156, "end": 1171, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Roinu Chaudhary"}, {"start": 1175, "end": 1186, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "70-year-old"}, {"start": 1225, "end": 1230, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 1253, "end": 1266, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21351, "source_text": "He was praised for his contribution to preserving the practice of Pilru at the event in Kathmandu. “We used to play it while grazing cattle and going to the jungle.” “I haven’t seen anyone other than Tharus using this instrument,” said Chhabilal Kopila, a Tharu litterateur and activist, during the event. “It’s a matter of concern that the young generation isn’t interested in this instrument.” One of the proficient users of Pilru is Santu Chaudhary from Dang in Western Nepal, according to Kopila. He can create music with this instrument for any type of song. Here’s a clip of Santu Chaudhary playing Pilru: Xutuli , a similar musical instrument made of either clay or bamboo, is used during the Bihu festival in Assam, India. Made in the shape of a bird, people believe the sound of Xutuli invites rain according to Assamese folk culture. Misappropriation of traditional knowledge Lavkant Chaudhary says, “The project also challenges cultural appropriation by non-Indigenous institutions that replicate, market, and strip this art of its meaning without acknowledging its makers.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 66, "end": 71, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 236, "end": 252, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chhabilal Kopila"}, {"start": 278, "end": 286, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 427, "end": 432, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 442, "end": 451, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chaudhary"}, {"start": 473, "end": 478, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 493, "end": 499, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kopila"}, {"start": 587, "end": 596, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chaudhary"}, {"start": 605, "end": 610, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 717, "end": 722, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Assam"}, {"start": 724, "end": 729, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 886, "end": 903, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lavkant Chaudhary"}]}
{"unique_index": 21352, "source_text": "Many institutions have been reproducing and selling Indigenous art and cultural products without informing and acknowledging the communities, let alone the Pilru. “Traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) and traditional knowledge (TK) involve important aspects of the culture and traditions of Indigenous Peoples, who should have the right to prohibit, or allow, the use of this knowledge,” writes Esther Aburto Olague, attorney, OZM Legal & Business Consulting Services, Mexico. “The use by third parties outside the community may even result in an offense to the cultural heritage of these Indigenous Communities.” Seconding Lavkant’s statement, Kopila wrote on Facebook , “As Tharu and Kumhar communities continue their struggle for recognition, it is crucial to center authorship, dignity, and cultural justice.” The Indigenous practitioners who are conserving the TCEs and TK will get due credit and returns only when the local law recognizes that they are holders of rights over works, of any kind, where they manifest elements of their culture and identity, as in the case of Mexico .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 156, "end": 161, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Pilru"}, {"start": 398, "end": 418, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Esther Aburto Olague"}, {"start": 420, "end": 428, "label": "JOB", "value": "attorney"}, {"start": 430, "end": 470, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "OZM Legal & Business Consulting Services"}, {"start": 472, "end": 478, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 627, "end": 634, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lavkant"}, {"start": 648, "end": 654, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kopila"}, {"start": 664, "end": 672, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1089, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}]}
{"unique_index": 21353, "source_text": "Two-and-a-half centuries of rainforest protection in Tobago\n\nAmid grappling with various negative impacts of the climate crisis, including sargassum threats to mangroves , coral reef bleaching and hotter temperatures , Tobago has tried to find ways to pivot. Environmentalists have pointed to the potential of sargassum as a biofuel, and Trinidad and Tobago’s Institute of Marine Affairs (IMA) recently partnered with government, private sector and community-based organisations to rehabilitate coral reefs and seagrass beds. It is a process that often feels like taking one step forward and two steps back — just about a year after the IMA’s initiative began, Tobago found itself having to clean up a massive oil spill in its waters. Regional environmentalists called it “a cautionary tale” — a wake-up call about the fossil fuel industry, which caused the climate crisis in the first place. The bright spot, however, has always been Tobago’s Main Ridge , which recently celebrated the 250th anniversary of its legal protection, even as the Tobago House of Assembly (THA), the island’s primary administrative body, unanimously passed a motion at the Assembly Legislature declaring April 30 Main Ridge Day.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 59, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Two-and-a-half centuries of rainforest protection in Tobago"}, {"start": 219, "end": 225, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 338, "end": 357, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad and Tobago"}, {"start": 360, "end": 387, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Institute of Marine Affairs"}, {"start": 389, "end": 392, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IMA"}, {"start": 571, "end": 574, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 592, "end": 595, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 661, "end": 667, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 935, "end": 941, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 944, "end": 954, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1066, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tobago House of Assembly"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1071, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "THA"}, {"start": 1151, "end": 1171, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Assembly Legislature"}, {"start": 1182, "end": 1190, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 30"}, {"start": 1191, "end": 1201, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}]}
{"unique_index": 21354, "source_text": "The start of the environmental movement The mountainous spine of the island is home to the Main Ridge Forest Reserve, legally established in 1776 and on record as the oldest legally protected forest reserve geared specifically towards conservation. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) quotes Scientific American as saying that “the protection of Tobago’s forest was the first act in the modern environmental movement.” In its own justification of Main Ridge’s value — which eventually resulted in Northeast Tobago , where it is situated , being named a Man and the Biosphere Reserve in October 2020, UNESCO explains : “[A]lthough Tobago is an island, the fauna are continental in origin, since Tobago was once joined to the South American continent […] Considerable endemism has resulted […] Support of this unique biodiversity and exceptionally diverse ecosystem is of great value to humanity. In addition, it protects against soil erosion, it encourages rainfall and provides significant carbon sinks.” A popular ecotourism destination , Main Ridge reaches a maximum elevation of 572 metres (just over 1,800 feet) towards its centre, and provides an important habitat for native plants and animals, including several endemic species .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 91, "end": 116, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge Forest Reserve"}, {"start": 141, "end": 145, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1776"}, {"start": 253, "end": 267, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 281, "end": 317, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Scientific and Cultural Organisation"}, {"start": 319, "end": 325, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}, {"start": 388, "end": 394, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 489, "end": 499, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 549, "end": 555, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 628, "end": 640, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2020"}, {"start": 642, "end": 648, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNESCO"}, {"start": 672, "end": 678, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 736, "end": 742, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1092, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 1124, "end": 1127, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "572"}, {"start": 1146, "end": 1151, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,800"}, {"start": 1253, "end": 1260, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21355, "source_text": "The preservation of the Main Ridge centuries ago set a precedent that continues to impact international environmental policy today . Why is it protected? The ordinance establishing the Main Ridge Forest Reserve declares that it was established “for the purpose of attracting frequent showers of rain upon which the fertility of lands in these climates doth entirely depend.” Its passage through the British parliament — 11 years after being put forward — is credited to Soame Jenyns , who was responsible for trade, including trade linked to the output of British colonies, where sugar production was booming and plantation owners were clearing large swathes of land to increase yields. Jenyns, who closely followed the work of scientist Stephen Hales, which established a correlation between trees and rainfall, soon realised that the health of the island’s rainforest had a direct impact on the watershed, which in turn affected everything from water quality to agriculture and habitats. Two hundred and fifty years later, secondary school students in Tobago recreated that 1776 parliamentary debate at the THA’s legislature building. As the student playing Jenyns put it, “Remove the forest, lose the rain.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 24, "end": 34, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 125, "end": 130, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 185, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge Forest Reserve"}, {"start": 420, "end": 434, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11 years after"}, {"start": 470, "end": 482, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Soame Jenyns"}, {"start": 687, "end": 693, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jenyns"}, {"start": 728, "end": 737, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientist"}, {"start": 738, "end": 751, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephen Hales"}, {"start": 990, "end": 1023, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Two hundred and fifty years later"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1060, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1080, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1776"}, {"start": 1160, "end": 1166, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jenyns"}]}
{"unique_index": 21356, "source_text": "Speaking at the opening ceremony of the commemorative week to mark the Main Ridge’s anniversary, the secretary of environment, climate resilience and energy Darren Henry made the point that the decision to protect this rainforest was a matter of survival for Tobago, but it also left an indelible mark on global environmental history, setting the forest aside for conservation “with the understanding that the health of the land, the rainfall and the people were all dependent on it.” He also issued some words of caution regarding environmental degradation, specifically referring to illegal dumping in the Main Ridge area, which he said would be combated through increased public awareness campaigns and enforcement efforts. In a post about the 250th anniversary, blogger Faraaz Abdool noted that the protection of the ridge “was done not for the glorious biodiversity within [but] for the ridge’s role as a watershed. While it was valued for the water it provided to the surrounding estates, we now understand the contribution of Main Ridge to far exceed what was considered a quarter of a millennium ago.” He continued : “Tobago’s climate is governed by its rainforest. If it were gone, the island would be much drier and hotter.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 71, "end": 81, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 101, "end": 110, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 259, "end": 265, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 608, "end": 618, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 766, "end": 773, "label": "JOB", "value": "blogger"}, {"start": 774, "end": 787, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Faraaz Abdool"}, {"start": 998, "end": 1001, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1043, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1087, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "a quarter"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1132, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}]}
{"unique_index": 21357, "source_text": "Denuded hills do little to attract rainfall, and it is this rainfall that is also responsible for transporting nutrients from the island’s rugged interior to its equally rugged coastlines — feeding prolific reef systems around the island. Although we may take note of a clear delineation of Main Ridge’s boundaries on a map and signposted along roadways, the nourishing fingers of this magical rainforest extend throughout the island and beyond.” Messages of support Online, there has been a proliferation of congratulatory messages about the landmark anniversary and the many events and initiatives that happened around it. One tour guide thanked “all the many individuals and entities that keep this immensely valuable and unique space protected for our future generations.” The Tobago Performing Arts Company, which participated in the celebrations, made the point that “the forest stands because we choose to protect it.” Some posts focused on the importance of collective action in keeping Main Ridge pristine, while others were deeply personal. In an emotive post, Facebook user David Rajpaulsingh said , “[T]he Main Ridge Forest has been more than a place to me…it has been home. In its silence, I found myself; in its breath, I remembered something deeper than words.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 291, "end": 301, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 572, "end": 576, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 625, "end": 628, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 657, "end": 661, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 781, "end": 811, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Tobago Performing Arts Company"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1005, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1079, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1103, "label": "PERSON", "value": "David Rajpaulsingh"}, {"start": 1118, "end": 1135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge Forest"}]}
{"unique_index": 21358, "source_text": "And as it celebrates 250 years […] I realise I was never just walking through it…I was being held by it all along. Happy anniversary to my favourite place in the world.” New treasures to be found As is usually the case when nature is respected and allowed to thrive, the wonders of the Main Ridge continue to unfold. In another Facecbook post, Rajpaulsingh waxed poetic : “250 years of quiet magic in the Main Ridge Forest Reserve…and still, she keeps her secrets. Beyond the trails you know, over 100 hidden waterfalls move through her like whispered stories, unseen, unheard, yet always there. Not everything is meant to be found. Some things are meant to be felt.” Abdool’s blog post echoed this admiration . “Those who have experienced the ascent into Main Ridge from either Roxborough or Bloody Bay,” he says, “would attest to the change in atmosphere that accompanies each bend in the road. Subtle changes in vegetation and birdsong follow as one rises into mist-ridden hills. As the road plateaus at the top, it feels like an entirely different world from the rest of the island. […] The soil is soft, perpetually moist, and dark.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 30, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "250 years"}, {"start": 286, "end": 296, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 344, "end": 356, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rajpaulsingh"}, {"start": 373, "end": 382, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "250 years"}, {"start": 405, "end": 430, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge Forest Reserve"}, {"start": 498, "end": 501, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 668, "end": 674, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abdool"}, {"start": 756, "end": 766, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}, {"start": 793, "end": 803, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bloody Bay"}, {"start": 949, "end": 952, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21359, "source_text": "Webs upon webs of root systems crisscross every trail through this rainforest; its largest trees are hidden in lost valleys that managed to escape the wrath of 1963’s Hurricane Flora , which whipped the tops off most. At the highest points on the ridge, trees are short and stunted, with gnarled, moss-coated limbs.” There has now been an exciting rediscovery with in the forest: the existence of a rare tree — the Blue Copper — known in modern-day circles only through historical records, which has sparked great interest among dendrologists and forestry officers, who were inspired to name a trail after it. According to Deputy Conservator of Forests William Trim, Tobago is quite familiar with a shrub that locals call “Blue Copper” — but this tree is different. Quite tall, it has buttress roots and towers over the forest canopy. Its fruit was traditionally used to relieve some ailments, and its wood for boat construction, but today its nectar sustains over 200 bird species that call the Main Ridge home. Its rediscovery is being hailed as proof of the success of the centuries-old effort to preserve the rainforest.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 160, "end": 164, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1963"}, {"start": 327, "end": 330, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 556, "end": 564, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}, {"start": 623, "end": 665, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Deputy Conservator of Forests William Trim"}, {"start": 667, "end": 673, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tobago"}, {"start": 934, "end": 939, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 965, "end": 968, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1006, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Main Ridge"}]}
{"unique_index": 21360, "source_text": "The illusion of online public opinion in Lebanon’s political conflicts\n\nSocial media platforms such as X (formerly Twitter) are often treated as reflections of public opinion, with journalists using social media trends and posts to infer broader sentiment , especially during political conflicts. Trending topics and viral posts can give the impression of broad, representative debate. But this perception can be misleading. An analysis of online discussions related to Lebanon showed that a small minority of users can dominate visibility and interaction, with the top 1 percent accounting for more than 60 percent of total engagement. If a handful of highly active accounts shape most of what we see, what does “public opinion” online actually represent? A small minority Engagement — likes, reposts, and replies — is not evenly distributed. A small group of highly active or highly visible accounts captures a disproportionate share of attention. As a result, a limited number of voices can shape narratives, amplify specific viewpoints, and set the tone of discussion. This is not always obvious.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 70, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The illusion of online public opinion in Lebanon’s political conflicts"}, {"start": 103, "end": 104, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 115, "end": 122, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Twitter"}, {"start": 181, "end": 192, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 470, "end": 477, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 570, "end": 571, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 605, "end": 607, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}]}
{"unique_index": 21361, "source_text": "Repeated exposure to similar messages can create the impression of consensus , even when it is driven by a narrow segment of users. This becomes clear in a dataset I compiled of Arabic-language posts about Hezbollah on X. The dataset includes 15,767 posts from 8,148 unique users collected between March 1 and March 8, 2026. Posts were identified using Arabic-language keyword variations of “Hezbollah,” and engagement was measured as the sum of likes, reposts, and replies. Accounts were classified as media or non-media based on profile metadata, supplemented by manual review of the most engaged accounts. The results reveal a sharp gap between participation and visibility. Non-media users make up 89.6 percent of accounts and produce 79.9 percent of posts, yet the top 1 percent of users capture 61.5 percent of total engagement. The top 5 percent capture 90.6 percent , and the top 10 percent capture 96.2 percent.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 219, "end": 220, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 243, "end": 249, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15,767"}, {"start": 261, "end": 266, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8,148"}, {"start": 298, "end": 305, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 1"}, {"start": 310, "end": 323, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 8, 2026"}, {"start": 702, "end": 706, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "89.6"}, {"start": 739, "end": 743, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "79.9"}, {"start": 774, "end": 775, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 801, "end": 805, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "61.5"}, {"start": 843, "end": 844, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "5"}, {"start": 861, "end": 865, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90.6"}, {"start": 888, "end": 890, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 907, "end": 911, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "96.2"}]}
{"unique_index": 21362, "source_text": "Media accounts, although only 10.4 percent of users, account for 29.6 percent of the top 1 percent most engaged users and receive roughly 34 percent more engagement per post than non-media users — about 41 interactions per post on average, compared to 31. At the same time, most total engagement (74.8 percent) still comes from non-media users because of their much higher volume of posts. Beyond social media The implications go beyond social media itself. In practice, journalists, researchers, and audiences often turn to X during fast-moving events to get a sense of what is happening and how people are reacting. Trending topics, widely shared posts, and visible engagement can quickly become shorthand for public sentiment. But these signals are not neutral. Research by Shannon McGregor shows that journalists sometimes rely on social media trends as indicators of public opinion, even though the users driving those trends are not representative of the broader population. A widely shared post or a trending hashtag can give the impression of a dominant public mood, even when it reflects the activity of a relatively small and highly engaged group.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 30, "end": 34, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10.4"}, {"start": 65, "end": 69, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29.6"}, {"start": 89, "end": 90, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 138, "end": 140, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 203, "end": 205, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "41"}, {"start": 252, "end": 254, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31"}, {"start": 297, "end": 301, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "74.8"}, {"start": 471, "end": 482, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 484, "end": 495, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 805, "end": 816, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21363, "source_text": "Data from the Pew Research Center shows that political activity on X is concentrated among a small share of users. When the same accounts and viewpoints dominate what is seen, they can influence how events are framed, which voices are amplified, and which perspectives are overlooked. This dynamic can reinforce itself. Content that gains early visibility is more likely to be seen, shared, and amplified again, making certain narratives appear more widespread than they actually are. At the same time, social media data still provides valuable insights into how information spreads and narratives form, but it requires careful interpretation. This shifts the focus from ‘What is everyone saying?’ to ‘Who is being seen and heard — and why?’ In conflict contexts, this matters. When a small group dominates what is seen, it can create the impression of consensus where there is none. For those following events in Lebanon, highly visible reactions may reflect amplification rather than widespread agreement, making online discourse a misleading signal of public sentiment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 33, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pew Research Center"}, {"start": 67, "end": 68, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 914, "end": 921, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}]}
{"unique_index": 21370, "source_text": "How Russians used to protest and managed to prevent some ecological disasters\n\nEnvironmental problems often seem too vast for ordinary people to confront: waste management reforms, water pollution, industrial development. This is why resistance almost always begins with something concrete — a river, a forest, a village, a road — as protecting nature becomes a way of protecting one’s home, health, and right to participate in decisions that directly shape everyday life. In Russia, some citizens are pushing back against projects they believe have been threatening their water, land, and quality of life. Trout farming on the river In the spring and summer of 2025, residents of the northern Karelian town of Kem learned about plans by local authorities and the state-owned enterprise Glavrybvod to establish trout farming sites on the Kem River. According to local media reports , the proposed site was located just a few kilometers upstream from the town’s water intake facility — a location residents feared could seriously affect drinking water quality.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How Russians used to protest and managed to prevent some ecological disasters"}, {"start": 476, "end": 482, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 662, "end": 666, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 711, "end": 714, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kem"}, {"start": 838, "end": 847, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kem River"}, {"start": 921, "end": 924, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}]}
{"unique_index": 21371, "source_text": "Karelia is Russia’s leading trout-producing region , accounting for roughly half of the country’s farmed trout production and around 10 percent of its total fish output. But the industry’s economic benefits come with environmental costs: fish farming waste can pollute lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. For years, residents across the region have protested the expansion of aquaculture projects. For local activists opposing the project, the issue was never an abstract anti-business campaign. It was about something immediate and tangible: public health, drinking water, and quality of life. Residents say that even now, water from household taps is often little more than what they describe as “technical water,” unsuitable for safe consumption. According to Karelia’s regional branch of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia’s consumer safety watchdog, only 62 percent of the republic’s residents had access to safe drinking water in 2024. A petition against the trout farm gathered 750 signatures , and residents eventually succeeded in drawing the attention of local authorities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 17, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 76, "end": 80, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 133, "end": 135, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 407, "end": 416, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 618, "end": 621, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 762, "end": 769, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Karelia"}, {"start": 791, "end": 806, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Rospotrebnadzor"}, {"start": 808, "end": 814, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 848, "end": 850, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "62"}, {"start": 924, "end": 928, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 973, "end": 976, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "750"}]}
{"unique_index": 21372, "source_text": "In the autumn of 2025, during a public meeting attended by municipal officials and company representatives, locals voiced their opposition to the proposed fish farming sites on the Kem River. Shortly afterward, the company withdrew its application, citing a “tense situation.” The outcome may not be final: the project could reappear later in a different form. But the conflict in Kem illustrates how environmental disputes often become about more than pollution or water quality alone. They also raise a broader question: why are decisions about the places where people live so often made without their participation? Landfills and local resistance In 2023, authorities in the Sysert district of Russia’s Sverdlovsk region approved plans for Yekaterinburg-Yug, a major waste management facility that would include a landfill and a waste-sorting complex. Local residents were outraged: the site was planned near residential areas and, they argued, could affect air, soil, and water quality while creating additional risks because of nearby peat deposits . Residents of Sysert did more than organize rallies and pickets. Activists filed lawsuits, appealed to state agencies, and repeatedly attempted to initiate a local referendum.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 91, "end": 106, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 181, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kem River"}, {"start": 653, "end": 657, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 697, "end": 716, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia’s Sverdlovsk"}, {"start": 1120, "end": 1129, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21373, "source_text": "In June 2025, authorities and investors abandoned the construction plans, and in March 2026 the project was officially scrapped . The victory did not come easily. Residents spent years building a campaign that combined legal action, public visibility, and sustained public pressure. Battle against a landfill in northern Russia For many participants in similar environmental movements, an important precedent was the 2018 protest in Shiyes, a remote railway station in Russia’s Arkhangelsk region that became the site of one of the country’s most high-profile environmental conflicts. Authorities planned to build a massive landfill near Shiyes to receive waste transported from Moscow. The issue quickly grew beyond a local infrastructure dispute. For many residents, it became a symbol of the unequal distribution of environmental burdens between Russia’s political center and its regions. The movement around Shiyes took on not only an environmental dimension, but also a political one: people were defending forests and land while demanding respect for regional communities and their right to have a say in decisions affecting them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 81, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 321, "end": 327, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 332, "end": 336, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 417, "end": 421, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 469, "end": 475, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 679, "end": 685, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moscow"}, {"start": 753, "end": 757, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 849, "end": 855, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21374, "source_text": "Local residents, activists, and volunteers organized a round-the-clock protest camp, patrols, and mass demonstrations. What began in July 2018 as a local protest had, by 2019, evolved into the center of a broader anti-landfill movement. Solidarity actions in support of Shiyes took place in 30 regions across Russia . In June 2019, construction of the landfill was temporarily suspended. A month later, on July 18, the European Parliament adopted a resolution calling on Russia to stop persecuting environmental activists in the Arkhangelsk region. The landfill project was officially scrapped in 2020, and according to local authorities and media reports, the site was later designated for environmental restoration . Victories in environmental conflicts rarely look dramatic. More often, they take the form of a permit being revoked, a project removed from a regional development plan, or an application quietly withdrawn. Yet such bureaucratic decisions can fundamentally reshape reality: once a project disappears from official documents, it no longer threatens a particular river, village, or forest.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 26, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 133, "end": 142, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2018"}, {"start": 170, "end": 174, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 291, "end": 293, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 309, "end": 315, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 321, "end": 330, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2019"}, {"start": 406, "end": 413, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 18"}, {"start": 419, "end": 438, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Parliament"}, {"start": 471, "end": 477, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 498, "end": 521, "label": "JOB", "value": "environmental activists"}, {"start": 597, "end": 601, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}]}
{"unique_index": 21375, "source_text": "Local voices, larger politics These stories matter not because they prove that protests always succeed — that would be too simple, and not entirely accurate — but because they show that local communities can exert influence when facing bureaucratic systems, powerful business interests, and official indifference. Environmental movements become more powerful when they are rooted in lived experience. The stories of Kem, Sysert, and Shiyes show that environmental justice often begins with a simple question: who has the right to decide the future of the places people call home? Even where individuals may seem powerless, their voices gain strength through solidarity, persistence, and a community’s determination to defend its land, water, and future. However, the political climate of recent years has profoundly changed the conditions for any form of protest — including local movements centered on landfill projects, deforestation, or industrial construction. Today, participation even in small local campaigns increasingly requires personal courage. For this reason, it remains unclear what forms environmental activism in Russia will take in the future.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 965, "end": 970, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 1129, "end": 1135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21376, "source_text": "When privacy disappears: What life looks like inside displacement shelters in Gaza\n\nIn the early morning hours, when schools are supposed to prepare to welcome students, the yards are filled with men sleeping on the ground. Movement begins before sunrise, and lines gradually form outside sanitation facilities. Gaza’s schools are no longer places of education, but have been transformed into displacement shelters, hosting hundreds of families within a single shared space. In the first week of the war on Gaza in October 2023, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) reported that around 218,600 displaced people were sheltering in 92 of its schools across the Gaza Strip, while many others sought refuge in government schools and other buildings. Over time, these numbers grew, and overcrowding became an entrenched daily reality. In these environments, it does not take long to realize that something fundamental has disappeared: privacy is no longer part of life. A continuous collective scene Everything that once took place behind the walls of a home is now exposed. Cooking, washing, resting, and daily routines all unfold in a single shared space, in front of everyone.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "When privacy disappears: What life looks like inside displacement shelters in Gaza"}, {"start": 424, "end": 432, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 515, "end": 527, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2023"}, {"start": 533, "end": 547, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 573, "end": 578, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNRWA"}, {"start": 601, "end": 608, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "218,600"}, {"start": 645, "end": 647, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "92"}, {"start": 674, "end": 684, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gaza Strip"}, {"start": 692, "end": 696, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 830, "end": 835, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1075, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1121, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21377, "source_text": "There are no rooms, no closed doors, and no corners that offer even a moment of solitude. Life here is not lived separately, but in constant overlap, where the details of each family become part of a continuous collective scene. This overlap is not only about limited space — it is also about the loss of the ability to be alone, even briefly. Silence becomes rare, and rest is practised cautiously, as if it were temporary in a place that does not allow stability. During my involvement in polio vaccination campaigns in Gaza, where I worked in data entry and field support, the experience was not limited to its administrative dimension. It was a daily confrontation with this reality. Reaching children required navigating overcrowded spaces and working in environments that offered neither comfort nor privacy. There was no designated space for interaction or care; every step took place within a crowded setting where movement constantly intersected with daily life. Over time, the loss of privacy is no longer a minor detail; it becomes part of the lived experience itself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 649, "end": 654, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 960, "end": 965, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21378, "source_text": "Life is exposed, shared, and constantly visible, where nothing remains “private” as it once was understood. The difficulty of daily life The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF have highlighted the growing health challenges facing children in Gaza, particularly the difficulty of delivering healthcare services and conducting vaccination campaigns in overcrowded and resource-limited settings. In this context, overcrowding becomes more than a description; it becomes a condition that governs everything: movement, communication, and even the delivery of care. Every small detail is shaped by the lack of space and the density of people, making even the simplest tasks more complex. Children live this reality every day, often without fully understanding or adapting to it. There is no space for normal play, and no environment that provides a sense of safety or comfort. For children with disabilities, the challenges are even greater, as they live in conditions that do not meet their basic needs. Estimates by Save the Children indicate that during 2024, around 475 children each month in Gaza sustained injuries that could result in lifelong disabilities, including limb loss, hearing impairment, and severe eye injuries.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 126, "end": 131, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 141, "end": 166, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Health Organization"}, {"start": 168, "end": 171, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "WHO"}, {"start": 177, "end": 183, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 717, "end": 726, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1063, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1075, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "475"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1095, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each month"}]}
{"unique_index": 21379, "source_text": "In overcrowded environments, such realities further intensify the difficulty of daily life, where even the most basic conditions for safety and privacy are absent. After the war: A reality that has not changed Despite the notion of “after the war,” very little appears to have changed inside displacement shelters. Overcrowding persists , space remains limited, and daily life continues with the same routines that leave no room for personal space. There is no real return to homes, nor alternatives that provide even minimal comfort, only a continuation of the same conditions that have become normalized despite their harshness. In this reality, “after the war” does not emerge as a new phase, but as an extension of what came before. The same queues, the same shared spaces, and the same sense that life is constantly lived in full view of others. It is as if time stopped at the moment of displacement, without offering people a real chance to regain any part of their previous lives. This continuity does not only mean that conditions remain unchanged, but it also means they become deeply rooted.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 80, "end": 85, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 366, "end": 371, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21380, "source_text": "Over time, the loss of privacy is no longer temporary, but a long-term condition that reshapes how people relate to space and to themselves. What do we lose when privacy disappears? Displacement is not only the loss of a home, but the loss of an entire way of life, the loss of a space that once protected daily details and gave individuals the simple sense that part of their lives belonged only to them In displacement shelters, people are not just living in temporary places, but in a new reality shaped by constant overcrowding. Over time, the loss of privacy ceases to be temporary and becomes part of everyday life, a reality that reshapes the relationship between people, space, and life itself. Here, it is not only walls that disappear, but also the boundaries that once gave life its simplest meaning: the ability for a person to have a space of their own, even if it is nothing more than a small corner where no one is watching.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 306, "end": 311, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}]}
{"unique_index": 21381, "source_text": "Anatomy of a coverage: The making of Global Voices Spotlight\n\nGlobal Voices Spotlight did not begin as a fixed format. It began as a question: H ow can we slow down in a media environment that constantly demands speed? At a time when news cycles move faster than understanding, the idea was simple but ambitious: to create space for depth, for context, for nuance. It’s not about more coverage, but better and more diverse coverage that connects local realities to global conversations, and that allows complexity to exist without being flattened. From the outset, GV Spotlight was conceived as a response to a gap: while global audiences are increasingly interested in stories from the Global South, the stories are often fragmented, simplified, or filtered through external perspectives. We decided that we needed to shift the perspective and bring together voices from the Global Majority, offering layered, sometimes contrasting perspectives that reflect the realities on the ground. What makes spotlights distinct is not just the topics they cover, but how they approach them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Anatomy of a coverage: The making of Global Voices Spotlight"}, {"start": 62, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 568, "end": 577, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 687, "end": 699, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}]}
{"unique_index": 21382, "source_text": "Each edition focuses on a single issue — whether political, social, or cultural — and explores it through multiple angles. Contributors from different countries, backgrounds, and disciplines engage with the same theme, creating a dialogue rather than a single narrative. GV Spotlights are designed to hold contrasting perspectives and sit at uncomfortable intersections. This approach reflects a core belief that no story is complete from one perspective alone. Let’s go deep, let’s go together In practice, this means building coverage that is collaborative from the start. Topics are selected not only for their urgency, but for their potential to resonate across borders. Contributors are brought in not as isolated voices, but as part of a shared editorial process, one that values context, nuance, and lived experience as much as traditional reporting. Crucially, these decisions are made transversally across the Global Voices community. Editorial, translation, and social media work together to shape each Spotlight, deciding which ideas to focus on, how to frame the coverage, how to design collaborative posts across platforms, and how to make the storytelling more human and accessible.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 439, "end": 442, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 919, "end": 932, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1013, "end": 1022, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}]}
{"unique_index": 21383, "source_text": "The process is as collaborative as the final product. Play around with other platforms! Beyond its editorial ambition, Global Voices Spotlight is also an experiment in how journalism can live across platforms. The format has allowed Global Voices to rethink its presence on social media not just as a distribution channel, but as a space for storytelling. Collaborative posts, shared across contributors and partners, expand reach while reinforcing the collective nature of the project. A distinct graphic identity gives each Spotlight edition a recognizable visual language, helping audiences engage with the content more intuitively. This, too, is shaped collectively: decisions about where and how stories are shared, how collaboration is reflected visually, and how to bring audiences closer to the people behind the reporting are made across teams. Most importantly, the focus on a single theme creates continuity. Instead of isolated posts, audiences encounter a narrative that unfolds over time: one that invites them to stay, follow, and engage more deeply.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 119, "end": 132, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 233, "end": 246, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 526, "end": 535, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}]}
{"unique_index": 21384, "source_text": "This shift has already shown its potential: more focused storytelling leads to stronger engagement, and stronger engagement leads to more meaningful conversations. Don’t be afraid of a good challenge Building GV Spotlight has not been without its challenges. Coordinating contributors across time zones, languages, and contexts requires time and care. Ensuring editorial coherence while preserving diverse voices is an ongoing balance. And, like much of independent journalism, sustainability remains a constant concern. But these challenges are also part of what makes the project valuable. They reflect the realities of collaborative, cross-border journalism—and the commitment required to make it work. What comes next? Global Voices Spotlight is still evolving. This whole process is an experiment, a prototype if you will, and each month we are iterating to see what worked and what didn’t, what could be different next time, what might be better for a different topic. We are slowly building out to our ideal timeline, with enough time after launch to fundraise from our readers and make content in formats they want (podcasts, narrative analysis, webinars).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 212, "end": 221, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Spotlight"}, {"start": 723, "end": 736, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 832, "end": 842, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each month"}]}
{"unique_index": 21391, "source_text": "A global shift from gender movements is directly impacting LBQT communities\n\nThis article specifically looks at the impact of the U.S. policy changes on a sub-group, LBQT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Queer, and Trans) people within the LGBTQ+ spectrum in South Asia, to understand the policy impact on people gender-assigned female at birth or trans-feminine people. In January 2025, the new Trump administration in the United States issued executive orders impacting social justice and development work around the world. While the most obvious and visible impact has been funding cuts , these developments have brought about a palpable shift in the understanding of gender and related power hierarchies. Tracing the impact of recent US policy changes across the geographies of my work in South Asia and the Caribbean nation of Belize has revealed different anti-gender strategies that are being engaged to influence state mechanisms, civil society organisations, funding agencies and big tech companies. A systematic effort seems to be underway to dismantle the support systems established to advance gender justice worldwide, reshaping the understanding of gender and gender justice.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 75, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A global shift from gender movements is directly impacting LBQT communities"}, {"start": 130, "end": 134, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 246, "end": 256, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 361, "end": 373, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2025"}, {"start": 383, "end": 388, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 411, "end": 424, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 725, "end": 727, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 780, "end": 790, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 799, "end": 808, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 819, "end": 825, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}]}
{"unique_index": 21392, "source_text": "In this article, I trace some specific anti-gender tactics and their cumulative impact on the data generated on these gender issues — data which is essential for driving development decisions. Direct attack on subversion tactics My sources observed that the US-imposed tariffs have resulted in increased economic pressure, shifting political priorities for different nations. Countries clamouring to bridge the financial deficit created by the new tariffs have resulted in LBQT rights taking a backseat for many countries, especially those that still criminalise homosexuality. With the current anti-gender attacks on any gender-related work, organisations are being forced to reimagine the manner in which they describe their work. As a general trend, these policy changes have impacted all gender related work, with a more immediate impact on organisations that specifically work on LGBTQ+ rights. In South Asian countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, which criminalise homosexuality, it is illegal for organisations working on LGBTQ+ issues to fundraise for their work, leading to active erasure of these issues.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 258, "end": 260, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 507, "end": 511, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 930, "end": 940, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 942, "end": 950, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 955, "end": 964, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}]}
{"unique_index": 21393, "source_text": "Historically, these organisations have been forced to use the alternative tactic of raising funds under gender and gender-based violence as broad buckets. A source who opted to remain anonymous observed the US policy changes threaten these tactics, too. “Historically, as a movement, we have been using subversion to raise funds for our work. Now these policy changes are targeting these very tactics, giving us no way out.” Such strategies are a double-edged sword since they help raise funds in countries with criminalisation, but also result in erasure and misrepresentation of these populations. The consequences of grouping LGBTQ+ issues under the umbrella of gender and gender diversity look different in a country like India. Despite decriminalising homosexuality in 2018, “There is a lack of awareness about LGB identities within government departments and even the police,” shared Sandi, founder and general secretary of Mobbera Foundation, India. “They use the language of LGBT while talking about programmes for inclusion, but what they really mean by that is transgender inclusion. These programmes only address transgender persons, and even within that community, they only know trans women.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 207, "end": 209, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 343, "end": 346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 726, "end": 731, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 774, "end": 778, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 897, "end": 904, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 917, "end": 926, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 930, "end": 948, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Mobbera Foundation"}, {"start": 950, "end": 955, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 21394, "source_text": "They don’t know about trans men either,” he added. Sources in Nepal and Belize shared that they had to change the language used in their programming and funding applications to get support. “We normally use terms like GSM (gender and sexual minorities), LBT and LBQ women as terms in our programming. They are now trying to erase these identities. Recently, we were working on a project that had LBT women in the title. The donor asked us to change the term LBT to ‘minorities’ in the project title following the recent US policy changes,” shared a gender professional working on LBQT+ issues in Nepal. Charrice Talbert, president of Promoting Empowerment Through Awareness for Lesbian and Bisexual Women (PETAL), Belize, shared, “The idea has always been for us to package our work differently because of the churches. The churches have a problem if we mention marriage or children while talking about LGBT community.” She added, “With the US policy changes, some agencies that were funding LGBT issues are now being forced to use different language.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 62, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 72, "end": 78, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 310, "end": 313, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 520, "end": 522, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 596, "end": 601, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 603, "end": 619, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Charrice Talbert"}, {"start": 621, "end": 630, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 714, "end": 720, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 941, "end": 943, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1011, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21395, "source_text": "Changes in the language of evidence-building efforts There have been notable changes in the language used to record evidence on different gender issues. In 2023, the term “technology-facilitated gender-based violence” (TFGBV) was introduced. The term was coined to recognise the use and role of artificial intelligence (AI) in gender-based violence by different UN agencies. This term is increasingly used instead of online gender-based violence. UN Women says, “While many other terms — such as digital or online violence — are commonly used, ‘technology-facilitated gender-based violence’ better reflects how technology can enable harm, both online and offline.” This replacement raises questions about the validity of evidence gathered thus far on online gender-based violence. A more drastic development has been the recent demand by Project 2025, a right-wing political initiative in the US, asking the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to frame transgender ideology as extremist and a domestic threat following the shooting of Charlie Kirk , a right-wing political activist and an ally of Donald Trump . Although an event specific to the US, this incident aligns with the disinformation campaigns against gender ideologies that have sprouted in different parts of the world.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 156, "end": 160, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 362, "end": 364, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 447, "end": 455, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Women"}, {"start": 469, "end": 473, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 639, "end": 643, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 846, "end": 850, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 893, "end": 895, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 908, "end": 939, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Bureau of Investigation"}, {"start": 941, "end": 944, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FBI"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1049, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Charlie Kirk"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1083, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1111, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 1148, "end": 1150, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}]}
{"unique_index": 21396, "source_text": "Following the US, several sources observe the shift in the stance of different governments, like the Netherlands , Sweden , and the United Kingdom , among others, on gender issues. This is significantly impacting the accountability mechanisms available in the development sector to counter the anti-gender narrative. The shift in the development sector’s language is influencing the way development issues are defined, prioritised, and funded. Gender as a term is changing to fit the heteronormative understanding of gender and sexuality. In March 2026, United Nations member states rejected U.S. efforts to limit the understanding of gender to men and women . The shift in the language of evidence-building efforts also changes the kind of gender issues that have evidence to substantiate the need for support. This will continue the active erasure of LGBT realities and hamper efforts to advocate for their inclusion. Justice system targeting the LBQT+ community A Sri Lankan LGBTQ+ rights activist said, “A lot of online hate speech and anti-LGBT speech has now become normalised in Sri Lanka, with Trump’s re-election. This perpetuates a narrative shaped by disinformation.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 16, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 18, "end": 25, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 101, "end": 112, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Netherlands"}, {"start": 115, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sweden"}, {"start": 132, "end": 146, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 542, "end": 552, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 554, "end": 568, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 592, "end": 596, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 992, "end": 1000, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1061, "end": 1064, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1086, "end": 1095, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}]}
{"unique_index": 21397, "source_text": "There is a general lack of support from the Sri Lankan police when it comes to LBQT rights. There have been cases when the police have refused to file complaints by LBQT persons against perpetrators of violence, leading them to be pushed into silence when abuse happens. In case of extortion or non-consensual sharing of intimate images, the police often target the individuals for having the video on their phone, framing it as a violation of the state’s obscenity laws. Several sources said that this stops queer individuals from approaching the police. Women in Belize experience similar police violations, a source shared. “Women are mostly targeted for sharing nudes. It doesn’t matter if your nudes are leaked. The fact that you shot it shows your intention of sharing it, so then a case is filed against you.” Similar to Sri Lanka, queer persons in Belize find it difficult to file police complaints. “Very often, people are forced to go to the media first before the police take any action. The commissioner then takes action because he doesn’t want the police looking bad.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 472, "end": 479, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 565, "end": 571, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 828, "end": 837, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 856, "end": 862, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 1003, "end": 1015, "label": "JOB", "value": "commissioner"}]}
{"unique_index": 21398, "source_text": "According to a feminist digital security expert, digital security threats against gender and sexual minorities are very common in South Asia. She said, “Issues of trolling and extortion are common. In Sri Lanka, LGBTQ+ organisations are often specifically targeted. In India, on the other hand, transgender persons have been facing a lot of financial fraud and extortion. Indians often use the religious and ethnic identities of gender and sexual minorities for targeted online gender based violence.” Due to the criminalisation of homosexuality in Bangladesh, many LBQ women seek partners online. In recent years, there has been a rise in cases of men pretending to be women to target LBQ women on dating apps. “Such cases were previously common among gay men. Now this has become an issue even for LBQ women.” The culture of disinformation influencing the rights of LBQT+ people has taken a drastic turn in Pakistan. Disinformation tactics are used to target the rights of gender and sexual minorities, especially transgender people, owing to their visible presence and legal recognition.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 130, "end": 140, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 201, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 269, "end": 274, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 549, "end": 559, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 561, "end": 565, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 762, "end": 765, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 909, "end": 917, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21399, "source_text": "In 2018, Pakistan enacted the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, which was considered a progressive statute in the country. Sources note a drastic overturn of several provisions in recent years because of a disinformation campaign by influencers who cited religion as a reason to push for a rollback on transgender people’s rights , using hashtags such as #SayNoToTransgenderAct and #AmendTransgender Act. As a result of this campaign, the police made wrongful arrests and booked 60 transgender people for allegedly organising an objectionable private party. In March 2026, India, in a similar move, amended the provisions of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2019, reversing the fragile progress of transgender rights in the country. Social media control There has been a drastic increase in the anti-gender attacks online, moulded by local laws and the policies of big tech companies that have increasingly downsized their accountability to their users. Evidently, these attacks are using disinformation and online gender-based violence as tools to attack the rights of LBQT people.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 7, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 9, "end": 17, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 172, "end": 179, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 247, "end": 258, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 370, "end": 391, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "SayNoToTransgenderAct"}, {"start": 396, "end": 417, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "#AmendTransgender Act"}, {"start": 493, "end": 495, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "60"}, {"start": 575, "end": 585, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 587, "end": 592, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 643, "end": 694, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2019"}]}
{"unique_index": 21400, "source_text": "In an effort to align itself with the Trump administration, Meta announced sweeping changes to its content moderation policies and initiatives across all its platforms in January 2025. This includes the Hateful Conduct policy , which controls the manner in which gender and sexual minorities may report targeted attacks on these platforms. The language used in the January update allowed for anti-LGBTQ+ hate speech and misinformation . The impact of these changes is more adverse in South Asian countries with more fundamentalist political regimes, as well as the criminalisation of homosexuality. Big tech and social media platforms have used compliance with local laws as an excuse to censor and control content on queer and transgender issues. Platforms like TikTok have admittedly shadowbanned LGBT content for many years now, owing to their own categorisation of any content by queer and transgender content creators as sexual content . Apart from self-censorship, this affects the type of content that is visible and available to consumers. Consumers in certain jurisdictions, such as the European Union , have legal recourse to address shadowbanning in specific cases.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 38, "end": 43, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 60, "end": 64, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Meta"}, {"start": 171, "end": 183, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2025"}, {"start": 763, "end": 769, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 816, "end": 826, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "many years"}, {"start": 827, "end": 830, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 906, "end": 922, "label": "JOB", "value": "content creators"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1110, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}]}
{"unique_index": 21401, "source_text": "Criminalisation and limited rights of gender and sexual minorities make it harder to insulate queer and transgender-related content from being shadowbanned in other geographies. Through these tactics, algorithms are manipulated to shape the narrative on gender-related topics. In addition, the lack of sufficient protection on social media platforms against anti-LGBTQ+ hate speech is leading to a shift in the perception of these issues and the general attitude of the public at large towards these marginalised communities. What’s to become of the data for the development agenda? With the impact of these ongoing developments, organisations working on LGBTQ+ rights are being forced to move away from using the language of human rights to protect the rights of this population group. In an attempt to continue their work, some organisations are devising newer strategies to support their agenda. “The Democratic argument is a good one. We are shifting our narrative to security and defence. We are speaking about how China and Russia are using anti-LGBT narrative to undermine democracy. Russia is funding anti-LGBT campaigns before elections to divide people,” said Alex Farrow, the CEO of Kaleidoscope Trust in the UK.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1020, "end": 1025, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1036, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1091, "end": 1097, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1170, "end": 1181, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alex Farrow"}, {"start": 1187, "end": 1190, "label": "JOB", "value": "CEO"}, {"start": 1194, "end": 1212, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kaleidoscope Trust"}, {"start": 1220, "end": 1222, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}]}
{"unique_index": 21402, "source_text": "With this move away from the language of human rights, Farrow also notices human rights having a lesser impact on donor countries and even the United Nations . These concerns also raise questions about the global data-for-development agenda as a whole. The shifting focus of the global development agenda, accountability mechanisms, and the consequent changes in the language of development discourse on gender issues hardwire the erasure of the LBQTIA+ realities within different gender data sets. To begin with, global development datasets like the Global Gender Gap Index , among others, present data in binary form and do not sufficiently acknowledge the opportunity and economic cost of erasure for individuals who are not heteronormative in their gender or sexuality. This data gap is further widened and strengthened by the reshaping of public opinions on these issues using social media. The current global socio-political developments are systematically promoting the anti-gender agenda to fit individuals into the hetero-patriarchal understanding of gender and gender roles by influencing the data that is fed into automated decision-making systems.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 61, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Farrow"}, {"start": 143, "end": 157, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 551, "end": 574, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Global Gender Gap Index"}]}
{"unique_index": 21403, "source_text": "For most Nigeriens, France has no place in Niger\n\nSince this article was first published on January 22, 2024, ECOWAS lifted its sanctions against Niger on February 24, 2024, talks between AES and ECOWAS failed , and the ousted president, Mohamed Bazoum, remains detained . The periods preceding and following the coup d’état in Niger on July 26, 2023 , which ousted President Mohamed Bazoum (in office from April 2021 to July 2023), were marked by Nigeriens’ resolve to sever all ties with France. The public’s anti-French protests and discourse reaffirmed their anticipation of breaking away from this former colonial power. From 2020, a wave of coups d’état swept across Central and West African countries. Nine of the region’s governments were overthrown, including seven under military coups . This phenomenon ultimately hit the Republic of Niger on July 26, 2023. Pro-junta and anti-French protests Within hours of this coup, the military leaders who seized power took steps to revoke all agreements with France. Abdourahamane Tiani , President of Niger and leader of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (CNSP) , and members of his government, announced the withdrawal of French troops who had been stationed in Niger since 2014 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 48, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "For most Nigeriens, France has no place in Niger"}, {"start": 92, "end": 108, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 22, 2024"}, {"start": 146, "end": 151, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 155, "end": 172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 24, 2024"}, {"start": 227, "end": 236, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 238, "end": 252, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohamed Bazoum"}, {"start": 328, "end": 333, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 337, "end": 350, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 26, 2023"}, {"start": 366, "end": 375, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 376, "end": 390, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohamed Bazoum"}, {"start": 407, "end": 417, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2021"}, {"start": 421, "end": 430, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2023"}, {"start": 490, "end": 496, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 631, "end": 635, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 769, "end": 774, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "seven"}, {"start": 845, "end": 850, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 854, "end": 867, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 26, 2023"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1016, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1037, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Abdourahamane Tiani"}, {"start": 1040, "end": 1049, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1058, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 1077, "end": 1093, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Council"}, {"start": 1236, "end": 1241, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 1248, "end": 1252, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}]}
{"unique_index": 21404, "source_text": "Most Nigeriens expressed their support for the military regime’s decisions, using protest chants such as: “ Down with France! Get out of here, France! ” (À bas la France! France dégage!). These chants resonated with the public and helped amplify Nigerien discontent . Read the full analysis here . The protesters’ anger spared no aspect of French power in Niger, directly impacting diplomatic relations between Niger and France. On July 30, 2023, following repeated calls for the French troops’ withdrawal, young protesters stormed the French Embassy in Niger. In this video , protesters express their frustration, chanting “Down with France!” and replacing French flags with Russian and Nigerien flags in public places. See the full analysis of this news item here: Many young Nigeriens gave this new regime their blessing so that military leaders could lead a transitional government capable of achieving total independence and addressing the issues affecting their society: unemployment , insecurity , and corruption . Read the full analysis of this issue here. Young people in Niger and across West Africa consider their rejection of France to be equivalent to the rejection of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the regional institution intended to protect their interests.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 118, "end": 124, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 143, "end": 149, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 163, "end": 169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 171, "end": 177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 356, "end": 361, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 411, "end": 416, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 421, "end": 427, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 432, "end": 445, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 30, 2023"}, {"start": 536, "end": 550, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "French Embassy"}, {"start": 554, "end": 559, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 635, "end": 641, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 767, "end": 771, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1086, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Africa"}, {"start": 1138, "end": 1144, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1227, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Economic Community of West African States"}, {"start": 1229, "end": 1235, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ECOWAS"}]}
{"unique_index": 21405, "source_text": "Read more: The Sahel faces resurgence of terrorist attacks However, in reality, it’s the heads of state that ECOWAS protects. President-dictators seeking more than two terms through constitutional coups are left unchallenged, but military leaders who seize power are treated as putschists and threatened with sanctions. ECOWAS’s silence over these constitutional coups reinforces the argument that military coups are the only way to topple dictatorial regimes. In an analysis , Thierry Oberle, former editor-in-chief of the international desk at Le Figaro , expressed his views. According to Oberle, France has no grounds to remain in Niger combating jihadists (supporters of the Islamist and political ideology based on violence and armed terrorist attacks): Thierry Oberle : La France doit quitter le Niger. Il y a une rupture entre les forces du Niger et les forces françaises, donc il apparaît impossible de continuer le combat contre les djihadistes à partir de ce pays. Thierry Oberle: France must withdraw from Niger. There has been a breakdown in relations between the Nigerien forces and the French, making it seem impossible to continue combating jihadists from this country .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 126, "end": 135, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 164, "end": 167, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 478, "end": 492, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thierry Oberle"}, {"start": 501, "end": 516, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor-in-chief"}, {"start": 592, "end": 598, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Oberle"}, {"start": 600, "end": 606, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 635, "end": 640, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 760, "end": 774, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thierry Oberle"}, {"start": 780, "end": 786, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 803, "end": 808, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 849, "end": 854, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 976, "end": 990, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Thierry Oberle"}, {"start": 992, "end": 998, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1023, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}]}
{"unique_index": 21406, "source_text": "The pro-French In response to protests against this French presence, supporters of former president Mohamed Bazoum sought to thwart Nigeriens’ aspirations. Hassoumi Massaoudou, former Minister of Foreign Affairs under Bazoum’s presidency, denounced these anti-French protests, deeming them a manipulative act by the military regime. He consequently called for an ECOWAS military intervention, with French support, to oust the current regime and reinstate Bazoum. Read a comprehensive analysis of this news story here : Hassoumi Massaoudou : Ce sont des manifestations commanditées, organisées et achetées. Hassoumi Massaoudou: These protests are orchestrated, staged, and bought. The politician’s statement reinforced the pro-French rhetoric and strengthened the positions of French politicians and African presidents who are ECOWAS members. They demanded that Bazoum be released and threatened the country with military intervention if the overthrown president wasn’t reinstated. On X, the Sahel Afrique (Sahel Africa) account argued that US troops, who have also been present in Niger since 1962 under a military agreement intended to ensure the country’s security and independence, should face the same fate as the French troops.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 90, "end": 99, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 100, "end": 114, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohamed Bazoum"}, {"start": 156, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hassoumi Massaoudou"}, {"start": 184, "end": 192, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 218, "end": 224, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bazoum"}, {"start": 455, "end": 461, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bazoum"}, {"start": 519, "end": 538, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hassoumi Massaoudou"}, {"start": 606, "end": 625, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hassoumi Massaoudou"}, {"start": 684, "end": 694, "label": "JOB", "value": "politician"}, {"start": 783, "end": 794, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 807, "end": 817, "label": "JOB", "value": "presidents"}, {"start": 861, "end": 867, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bazoum"}, {"start": 952, "end": 961, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 984, "end": 985, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1018, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1040, "end": 1042, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 1081, "end": 1086, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 1093, "end": 1097, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1962"}]}
{"unique_index": 21407, "source_text": "According to the author, if the French must leave, other major powers present in Niger, such as the United States, must follow suit. Almost six months after the coup d’État, ECOWAS upheld its sanctions against Niger, demanding the release of Bazoum and his family. However, the institution didn’t rule out engaging in discussions with the military regime to adopt a roadmap and determine a transition timetable. On January 8, 2024, Salem Bazoum, son of Mohamed Bazoum, was subsequently released . Interestingly, Niger joined Burkina Faso and Mali, two other countries under military rule, to form the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), a coalition working to address security, economic, and political challenges. The establishment of this bloc was a heavy blow to ECOWAS, as this situation led to a breakdown in diplomatic relations with the region’s other states and undermined ECOWAS’ credibility. Talks between these two blocs failed to yield tangible changes, escalating tensions, and polarizing a region where major powers such as France, the United States, and Russia continue to vie for influence. Read all analyses", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 23, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 81, "end": 86, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 100, "end": 113, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 140, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months after"}, {"start": 210, "end": 215, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 242, "end": 248, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bazoum"}, {"start": 415, "end": 430, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 8, 2024"}, {"start": 432, "end": 444, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Salem Bazoum"}, {"start": 453, "end": 467, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohamed Bazoum"}, {"start": 512, "end": 517, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 525, "end": 537, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Burkina Faso"}, {"start": 542, "end": 546, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mali"}, {"start": 548, "end": 551, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 601, "end": 625, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Alliance of Sahel States"}, {"start": 627, "end": 630, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AES"}, {"start": 917, "end": 920, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1039, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 1045, "end": 1058, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1070, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21408, "source_text": "Disease, drought, and conflict: How Yemenis are adapting to a compounding crisis\n\nIn Yemen’s capital, shifting weather patterns and ongoing conflict are no longer abstract concerns. They are actively shaping public health outcomes. In a neighborhood of Sana’a, 17-year-old Malak Abdulmalik manages chronic respiratory symptoms that worsen with dust and seasonal changes. “I rely on my inhaler almost daily,” she explains, describing how air quality and temperature fluctuations directly affect her breathing. Her cousin faced a different challenge. After consuming contaminated food, she contracted cholera, a waterborne disease that continues to threaten Yemenis. The illness caused severe dehydration and required 11 days of medical care. Shortly after recovery, she was diagnosed with Hepatitis A, an infection commonly linked to unsafe water and food. According to the World Health Organization, Yemen has experienced recurrent cholera outbreaks driven largely by unsafe water and limited sanitation access, reporting the highest burden of cholera globally in 2024. Stagnant water caused by flooding and poor drainage also creates mosquito breeding grounds, contributing to the spread of dengue fever.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 80, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Disease, drought, and conflict: How Yemenis are adapting to a compounding crisis"}, {"start": 85, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 253, "end": 259, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sana’a"}, {"start": 261, "end": 272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "17-year-old"}, {"start": 400, "end": 405, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 716, "end": 723, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "11 days"}, {"start": 873, "end": 898, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Health Organization"}, {"start": 900, "end": 905, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1068, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 21409, "source_text": "The World Bank reports that climate change is expected to intensify extreme weather events in Yemen, which, combined with infrastructure destruction, places additional pressure on water and health systems. Monitoring outbreaks and adapting on the ground These cases reflect a broader pattern: environmental stress, damaged infrastructure from war, and limited health resources combine to increase disease risk. This is what Hana’a Al-Zubairi, coordinator assistant at Yemen’s Ministry of Health and Environment, explains: Cholera, dengue fever, and Hepatitis A are driven by both climate change and war-damaged infrastructure. Flooded sewage contaminates water, while stagnant pools create mosquito breeding grounds. Many respiratory illnesses remain unrecognized until severe. “Respiratory illnesses are also increasingly common. Dust storms, rising temperatures, and seasonal shifts contribute to both upper and lower respiratory infections, placing additional strain on individuals and healthcare providers,” Al-Zubairi adds Her response team conducts weekly district visits to monitor outbreaks, run awareness campaigns, and guide treatments. Seasonal disease spikes often coincide with harvest periods when crops are irrigated with unsafe water. Poverty and misinformation also limit vaccination uptake, leaving children particularly vulnerable.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 14, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 94, "end": 99, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 424, "end": 441, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hana’a Al-Zubairi"}, {"start": 443, "end": 454, "label": "JOB", "value": "coordinator"}, {"start": 468, "end": 473, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 476, "end": 510, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Health and Environment"}, {"start": 575, "end": 579, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 717, "end": 721, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 899, "end": 903, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1022, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Al-Zubairi"}, {"start": 1055, "end": 1061, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "weekly"}]}
{"unique_index": 21410, "source_text": "Expanding health risks Healthcare workers report that environmental and living conditions are influencing a wide range of illnesses. Dr. Ali Al-Hamzi, a surgeon based in Yemen, contracted dengue fever after a mosquito bite in 2018. He describes the illness as physically and mentally exhausting, requiring weeks of recovery. “Prevention is critical,” he says, emphasizing mosquito control and household protection measures such as window screens. In his case, the disease was relatively mild, but severe cases can require patients to be admitted to intensive care units, he explains. Delayed care and community-level challenges Ashwaq Abdullah, a nurse with over 15 years of clinical experience and founder of her own clinic, highlights delayed treatment as a major challenge. “Many patients wait too long before seeking care,” she explains. “By the time they arrive, dehydration or infection has already reached a critical stage.” During outbreaks at Al-Sabeen Hospital in the south of Sana’a, she observed how poverty forces many patients, especially from rural areas, to delay care, sometimes leading to severe complications such as kidney failure.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 170, "end": 175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 226, "end": 230, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 628, "end": 643, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ashwaq Abdullah"}, {"start": 647, "end": 652, "label": "JOB", "value": "nurse"}, {"start": 663, "end": 671, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15 years"}, {"start": 699, "end": 706, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 778, "end": 782, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 952, "end": 970, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Al-Sabeen Hospital"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1031, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21411, "source_text": "She also notes that respiratory illnesses, worsened by dust and changing weather, are becoming more complex, with viral infections increasingly developing bacterial complications. Her advice is clear: “Seek early medical care and maintain hygiene practices such as thoroughly washing fruits and vegetables to reduce risk.” The role of humanitarian organizations According to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Yemen, six diarrhea treatment facilities are currently supported across Yemen, providing medical supplies, hygiene kits, staff training, and operational support. Their water and sanitation programs aim to improve access to clean water, a critical factor in preventing disease spread. According to ICRC, mor e than 580,000 people gained improved access to health care services, while around 390,000 people benefited from improved access to safe water through its interventions in the first half of 2025.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 379, "end": 419, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Committee of the Red Cross"}, {"start": 421, "end": 425, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICRC"}, {"start": 430, "end": 435, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 437, "end": 440, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 475, "end": 484, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 502, "end": 507, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 727, "end": 731, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICRC"}, {"start": 744, "end": 751, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "580,000"}, {"start": 820, "end": 827, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "390,000"}, {"start": 919, "end": 923, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 927, "end": 931, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21412, "source_text": "Humanitarian organizations, alongside teams such as the Ministry of Public Health and Population staff and community-based health workers, continue supporting disease response efforts through medical assistance, water and sanitation interventions, healthcare training, and the maintenance of essential treatment services despite ongoing systemic challenges From crisis to climate solutions and resilience The connection between climate change, conflict, and public health is undeniable . It is visible in water scarcity, disease outbreaks, and the increasing pressure on healthcare systems. Yet focusing only on vulnerability does not reflect the full reality on the ground. Alongside these challenges, there is a continuous process of adaptation. Communities are not only responding to crises , they are actively developing solutions. They are adapting through renewable energy, solar-powered water systems, improved hygiene practices, community health awareness, and local health workers who continue disease surveillance despite limited resources. Adaptation is no longer an exception; it is becoming part of daily life in Yemen. Expanding renewable energy, particularly solar energy, represents one of the most practical climate solutions for Yemen.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 96, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Public Health and Population"}, {"start": 1112, "end": 1117, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1131, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 1247, "end": 1252, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}]}
{"unique_index": 21413, "source_text": "Solar power is not only an alternative energy source; it is a lifeline that supports clean water access, strengthens healthcare services, and improves living conditions in areas affected by infrastructure damage and climate stress. Yemen’s diverse geography also creates opportunities for expanding sustainable energy solutions in different regions of the country through locally driven approaches. At the same time, effective climate action depends on collaboration with local actors because communities understand their environment, risks, and needs better than external systems alone. This local knowledge makes climate interventions more sustainable and more connected to realities on the ground. What becomes clear is that Yemen is not only a place of crisis, but also a place of continuous problem-solving. Where challenges exist, solutions also grow. Where climate risks increase, communities continue to adapt and build resilience through practical climate solutions. In Yemen, adaptation is ongoing. Solutions are already being built. Resilience is not theoretical — it is happening every day through communities, local knowledge, and climate solutions that are shaping a more sustainable future.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 232, "end": 237, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 728, "end": 733, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 979, "end": 984, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yemen"}, {"start": 1092, "end": 1101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}]}
{"unique_index": 21414, "source_text": "The death of a relentless mother reopens the wound of Venezuela’s political repression\n\nRead our special coverage on Venezuela’s fight for democracy and the political crisis that has unfolded since the 2024 presidential elections, after the documented allegations of electoral fraud. A Venezuelan mother and her son have become the most recent painful reminder of the state of human rights in the South American nation. Carmen Teresa Navas, 82, died of natural causes on the night of Sunday May 17, days after finding about the death of her 51-year-old son, Víctor Hugo Quero Navas, who was arbitrarily detained in Caracas on January 1, 2025 under terrorism charges. According to the Venezuelan human rights NGO Foro Penal, Quero Navas was a forcibly disappeared political prisoner . Over the course of 16 months, having no idea about her son’s passing, Navas tirelessly searched for information about him in courthouses and public offices, and showed up at public demonstrations on behalf of political prisoners, always asserting his innocence. According to the Ministry of State Penitentiary, Quero Navas died of “acute respiratory failure” in a Caracas hospital while in state custody on July 31, 2025 and was buried in a mass grave, given that “no visitations from relatives had been requested at his detention place.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 86, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The death of a relentless mother reopens the wound of Venezuela’s political repression"}, {"start": 117, "end": 126, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 202, "end": 206, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 420, "end": 426, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Carmen"}, {"start": 434, "end": 439, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 441, "end": 443, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "82"}, {"start": 484, "end": 490, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 491, "end": 497, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 17"}, {"start": 541, "end": 552, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "51-year-old"}, {"start": 558, "end": 581, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Víctor Hugo Quero Navas"}, {"start": 615, "end": 622, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 626, "end": 641, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 1, 2025"}, {"start": 712, "end": 722, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Foro Penal"}, {"start": 724, "end": 735, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Quero Navas"}, {"start": 803, "end": 812, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "16 months"}, {"start": 854, "end": 859, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1093, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of State Penitentiary"}, {"start": 1095, "end": 1106, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Quero Navas"}, {"start": 1148, "end": 1155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 1191, "end": 1204, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 31, 2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21415, "source_text": "Authorities said had been detained at El Rodeo I prison, near Caracas. This case is not an exception: under the interim administration of Delcy Rodríguez, the lives of more than 400 political prisoners remain at risk. Four other mothers , who had also been waiting for information on their sons’ release, have died this year, without ever learning of their children’s fate. Navas’ case, however, has become emblematic of sustained campaigning, highlighting the role of mothers in human rights defense in Venezuela and the toll that political violence and prolonged uncertainty take on their health. Sixteen months of searching Carmen Navas came to the attention of media in Venezuela after steadily showing up at protests in support of political prisoners holding a photo of her child — like at the camp set up next to Zona 7, a detention center in eastern Caracas, in February 2026. “Proof of life for my son!” Navas exclaimed , surrounded by other mothers and sympathizers . “Freedom, freedom, freedom!” Víctor Quero was a jeans merchant, initially detained under terrorism charges.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 62, "end": 69, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 138, "end": 153, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Delcy Rodríguez"}, {"start": 178, "end": 181, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400"}, {"start": 218, "end": 222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Four"}, {"start": 315, "end": 324, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 374, "end": 379, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 504, "end": 513, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 599, "end": 613, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sixteen months"}, {"start": 627, "end": 639, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Carmen Navas"}, {"start": 674, "end": 683, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 824, "end": 825, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7"}, {"start": 857, "end": 864, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 869, "end": 882, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2026"}, {"start": 912, "end": 917, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1018, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Víctor Quero"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1039, "label": "JOB", "value": "merchant"}]}
{"unique_index": 21416, "source_text": "Even after his mother’s repeated media appearances, the state failed to provide her with solid information about him. Undeterred, she personally went to several detention centers looking for answers, as chronicled by local journalist Maryorin Méndez , who closely tracked her case. During a visit to El Rodeo I, a recently released political prisoner, Daniel Camara, told Navas that he had met Víctor at the prison, but that “he was taken away last October.” Every time Navas enquired, officials and public servants told her that her son was not detained, imprisoned or registered in the penitentiary system. Yet, a tribunal denied him conditional release under a new Amnesty Bill on May 6, 2026. The very next day, the Penitentiary Service Ministry issued a statement confirming that Quero had been dead and buried since July 2025: Navas only saw her son’s face again at his official exhumation and reburial on May 8 where, as told by El País , she asked officials to place her socks and hat on him.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 153, "end": 160, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 223, "end": 233, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 234, "end": 249, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Maryorin Méndez"}, {"start": 352, "end": 365, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel Camara"}, {"start": 372, "end": 377, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 394, "end": 400, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Víctor"}, {"start": 470, "end": 475, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 668, "end": 680, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Amnesty Bill"}, {"start": 684, "end": 695, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 6, 2026"}, {"start": 706, "end": 714, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next day"}, {"start": 720, "end": 749, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Penitentiary Service Ministry"}, {"start": 785, "end": 790, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Quero"}, {"start": 822, "end": 831, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 833, "end": 838, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 912, "end": 917, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 8"}, {"start": 936, "end": 943, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "El País"}]}
{"unique_index": 21417, "source_text": "Navas and her son now lie side by side in Caracas’ Cementerio del Este (Eastern Cemetery); her May 19 funeral was attended by hundreds of mourners. Nearly two weeks prior, on May 7, the attorney general’s office announced a full inquiry into Quero Navas’s death in custody, echoed days later by acting president Delcy Rodríguez. The United Nations’ Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances expressed “grave concern” over his enforced disappearance and made an immediate call for an independent investigation. At least ten Venezuelan state institutions appear to have concealed information, misinformed authorities, or ignored Navas altogether, highlighting the need for such an investigation. Many experts argue that this case is a stark reminder that Venezuela’s repressive apparatus remains intact: Venezuela in mourning On social media, Venezuelan citizens and activists erupted in grief over the death of Navas, who had last been seen praying in an open funeral Mass for her son . A lot of outrage was also being expressed over her son’s fate.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 18, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 42, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caracas"}, {"start": 95, "end": 101, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19"}, {"start": 126, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 155, "end": 164, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two weeks"}, {"start": 175, "end": 180, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7"}, {"start": 186, "end": 194, "label": "JOB", "value": "attorney"}, {"start": 242, "end": 253, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Quero Navas"}, {"start": 302, "end": 311, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 312, "end": 327, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Delcy Rodríguez"}, {"start": 333, "end": 362, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations’ Working Group"}, {"start": 533, "end": 536, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 641, "end": 646, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 708, "end": 712, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 767, "end": 776, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 816, "end": 825, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 879, "end": 888, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 924, "end": 929, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}]}
{"unique_index": 21418, "source_text": "In a joint statement , local Venezuelan feminist organizations, including Uquira and Surgentes DDHH, said that they “exalt [Navas’s] memory, dignity, her pain and her tireless search for justice.” Ramón Centeno, a journalist and former political prisoner whose mother, Omaira Navas (no relation to Carmen or Víctor), passed away shortly after his January 14 release, tweeted “There will be justice.” He also remembered the other mothers of political prisoners who died waiting on word of their sons. An open protest in memory of Carmen Navas and Víctor Quero Navas was held on May 18, near Universidad Central de Venezuela. “They did not die, they were killed!” chanted demonstrators. The non-violent protest was met with repression by security forces. Two people were detained and several more injured: The day after Navas’ burial, Jorge Rodríguez, head of Venezuela’s National Assembly and brother to Delcy Rodríguez, announced the pending release of an additional 300 political prisoners , though no names or exact release dates were shared.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 124, "end": 129, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 197, "end": 210, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ramón Centeno"}, {"start": 214, "end": 224, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 276, "end": 281, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 298, "end": 304, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Carmen"}, {"start": 308, "end": 314, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Víctor"}, {"start": 347, "end": 357, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 14"}, {"start": 529, "end": 541, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Carmen Navas"}, {"start": 546, "end": 564, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Víctor Quero Navas"}, {"start": 577, "end": 583, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 18"}, {"start": 613, "end": 622, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 753, "end": 756, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 782, "end": 789, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 818, "end": 823, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Navas"}, {"start": 833, "end": 848, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jorge Rodríguez"}, {"start": 858, "end": 867, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 870, "end": 887, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 903, "end": 918, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Delcy Rodríguez"}, {"start": 967, "end": 970, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "300"}]}
{"unique_index": 21419, "source_text": "Hong Kong NGOs call for policy interventions to help vulnerable groups withstand heat hazards\n\nIn pursuit of climate justice, Hong Kong environmental groups work with community and grassroots organizations to advocate for safety nets and inclusive climate action to help the vulnerable withstand heat hazards. Hong Kong Observatory warned earlier this year that the city would see abnormally high temperatures in 2026 with the return of El Niño conditions, characterized by warm sea-surface temperatures and super-typhoons that bring intense rainfall and flash floods in summer. While Hong Kong is less affected by natural disasters like flooding thanks to its well-developed infrastructure, the city’s residents are often exposed to extreme heatwaves during summer, and the most vulnerable are outdoor workers who have to perform heavy physical labor, and low-income and elderly households who can’t afford to pay for air-conditioning in the densely populated concrete jungle. In recent years, heat hazards have been worsening, as very hot days have become more frequent. Inadequate social inclusion in HK’s climate action Since China ratified the Paris Agreement in September 2016, Hong Kong followed suit, but at a slower pace.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 93, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hong Kong NGOs call for policy interventions to help vulnerable groups withstand heat hazards"}, {"start": 126, "end": 135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 310, "end": 331, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hong Kong Observatory"}, {"start": 347, "end": 356, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 413, "end": 417, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 571, "end": 577, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}, {"start": 585, "end": 594, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 759, "end": 765, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "summer"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 1149, "end": 1164, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Paris Agreement"}, {"start": 1168, "end": 1182, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2016"}, {"start": 1184, "end": 1193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}]}
{"unique_index": 21420, "source_text": "The city’s current target is to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 , with an action plan spanning major strategic areas, including energy, construction, waste reduction, conservation, and climate adaptation. Yet its approach is technical and investment-based, failing to recognize the need to redistribute resources and advance climate justice for the vulnerable. Executive Director, Ivy Leung of CarbonCare InnoLab (CCIL), a climate justice NGO, stressed in an email interview with Global Voices on the need to “protect those who are hit hardest yet have contributed the least [to the current climate crisis]” and to develop an empowering approach to draw grassroots participation: Climate action cannot rely on infrastructure and policy alone. Hong Kong also needs stronger capacity building across society so that communities, schools, NGOs, businesses, and frontline service providers are better equipped to understand climate risks and respond effectively. Building resilience means investing in people’s knowledge, skills, and ability to act… Prudence Yeung, a Greenpeace Hong Kong campaigner on climate change, also pointed out in an interview with Global Voices that the Hong Kong government had yet to acknowledge the existence of vulnerable groups in relation to climate change in its policy papers.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 59, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5"}, {"start": 109, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2050"}, {"start": 411, "end": 429, "label": "JOB", "value": "Executive Director"}, {"start": 530, "end": 543, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 793, "end": 802, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1110, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Prudence Yeung"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1124, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenpeace"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1134, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1145, "label": "JOB", "value": "campaigner"}, {"start": 1203, "end": 1216, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1226, "end": 1235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}]}
{"unique_index": 21421, "source_text": "The green group criticized the government’s 2026 fiscal budget for focusing on green finance and infrastructure investment while providing “zero support” for climate-vulnerable groups. Its statement said: Greenpeace is very disappointed that comprehensive, people-centred climate adaptation strategies and measures were not included in the government’s public fiscal planning Hong Kong’s climate-vulnerable groups The most vulnerable group to weather-related health crises is the elderly, as heat stress can exacerbate underlying illnesses among the aged population, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In 2024, about 20 percent, or approximately 1.5 million, of the city population is aged 65 or above, with 236,100 living alone. Fortunately, the Hong Kong welfare system provides moderate support for the elderly, and the two major power supply corporations have also recently rolled out significant discounts for impoverished elderly households. Similar safety nets, however, are unavailable for the low-income working class who suffer from heat stress in substandard housing and heat stroke when working outdoors. In 2025, Hong Kong logged 53 very hot days with temperatures at or above 33 degrees Celsius and four extremely hot days with temperatures at or above 35 degrees Celsius. Humidity is often above 90 percent during Hong Kong’s summer, making the apparent temperatures even higher. The indoor setting of the urban poor further inflames the heat.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 44, "end": 48, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 140, "end": 144, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 205, "end": 215, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenpeace"}, {"start": 376, "end": 385, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 615, "end": 619, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 627, "end": 629, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 656, "end": 667, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5 million"}, {"start": 700, "end": 702, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "65"}, {"start": 718, "end": 725, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "236,100"}, {"start": 757, "end": 766, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 833, "end": 836, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1134, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1136, "end": 1145, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 1153, "end": 1155, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "53"}, {"start": 1200, "end": 1202, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "33"}, {"start": 1223, "end": 1227, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 1277, "end": 1279, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "35"}, {"start": 1321, "end": 1323, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 1339, "end": 1348, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}]}
{"unique_index": 21422, "source_text": "Since 2021, CCIL has worked with a community organization, the Kwai Chung Subdivided Units Neighborhood Association, to support vulnerable communities in implementing energy-saving and adaptation measures, such as shifting to more efficient appliances, improving ventilation, supporting neighbors during heatwaves, and developing co-created small-scale resilience solutions based on local needs. The project collected community-based evidence through a survey of 31 subdivided flats last year and showed the public that temperatures measured in the substandard units were 1 to 10 degrees Celsius higher than the city’s average between July 3 and July 2025. About 74 percent of residents report sleepless nights due to extreme heat. Many residents refrained from turning on their air conditioners due to high electricity costs, as their shared electricity meters bar them from receiving the government and corporate electricity subsidies. Currently, about 220,000 residents live in subdivided flats in the city. Although the government has designated 19 centers for people to take refuge from heatwaves, Greenpeace HK and social inclusion NGO ImpactHK’s joint investigation found that the hot weather shelters are underused due to inappropriate locations, insufficient publicity, a lack of privacy and security measures, and short opening hours.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 63, "end": 115, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kwai Chung Subdivided Units Neighborhood Association"}, {"start": 463, "end": 465, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31"}, {"start": 483, "end": 492, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 572, "end": 579, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1 to 10"}, {"start": 635, "end": 641, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 3"}, {"start": 646, "end": 655, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2025"}, {"start": 663, "end": 665, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "74"}, {"start": 732, "end": 736, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 938, "end": 947, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}, {"start": 955, "end": 962, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "220,000"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1052, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "19"}, {"start": 1103, "end": 1113, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenpeace"}]}
{"unique_index": 21423, "source_text": "Prudence Yeung explained, While the city has relatively good hardware, the software and management are inadequate to address people’s needs. The cooling centers are not equipped to let people have a good sleep. Ivy Leung, on the other hand, stressed the significance of grassroots engagement in building climate resilience: Climate resilience is not only about infrastructure or technology. It is also about empowering people, strengthening neighbourhood support, and making sure the transition to a low-carbon future is fair and inclusive. Heat stress as a health crisis The summer heatwaves also caused a health crisis among outdoor workers. In 2023, a survey conducted by Greenpeace HK and the HK Catholic Commission for Labor Affairs showed that 62 percent of Hong Kong street cleaners and construction workers had experienced symptoms of heatstroke, such as dizziness, a lack of energy, breathing difficulty, and a rapid heartbeat, within three months, and half of them said they had suffered from heatstroke at least once a week. The Labor Department recorded about 30 cases of heatstroke at work per year in 2023 and 2024.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Prudence Yeung"}, {"start": 647, "end": 651, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 675, "end": 685, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Greenpeace"}, {"start": 697, "end": 737, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "HK Catholic Commission for Labor Affairs"}, {"start": 750, "end": 752, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "62"}, {"start": 764, "end": 773, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 944, "end": 956, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three months"}, {"start": 962, "end": 966, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 1040, "end": 1056, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Labor Department"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1074, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 1115, "end": 1119, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1124, "end": 1128, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 21424, "source_text": "Since heatstroke has not been recognized as an occupational disease in Hong Kong, many cases have not been reported. Hong Kong only rolled out a guideline on the prevention of heat stroke at work in 2023, which later evolved into a three-tier (amber, red and black) warning system that instructs employers to adjust hourly work-rest schedules or suspend work that requires heavy physical demands. However, employer compliance remains an issue, as the guideline is not statutory law, and there are no direct fines for ignoring the coloured alerts. Between May and October 2024, the Labour Department issued 1031 warnings to non-compliant employers; thus far, there has been no prosecution related to the heat-stress warning, even though the authority can prosecute offenders under the Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance. Moreover, the single heat-detection station at King's Park did not capture the microclimate and the heat stress of the densely populated urban districts. Following rigorous research and surveys by a coalition of environmental and labor groups on microclimates across different urban settings, the government eventually refined heat stress monitoring by expanding data collection to 10 locations earlier this year.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 71, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 82, "end": 86, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 117, "end": 126, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 199, "end": 203, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 316, "end": 322, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "hourly"}, {"start": 555, "end": 575, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May and October 2024"}, {"start": 581, "end": 598, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Labour Department"}, {"start": 606, "end": 610, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1031"}, {"start": 873, "end": 884, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "King's Park"}, {"start": 1208, "end": 1210, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 1229, "end": 1238, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}]}
{"unique_index": 21425, "source_text": "Given the nature of outdoor work, it is very difficult to monitor employer compliance, local NGOs, including Oxfam HK, thus urge the government to further refine the current monitoring system by establishing a workplace-based heat stress index, motivating employers to let their workers wear mobile heat-detection devices, and to include heat stress in the list of occupational diseases under Hong Kong’s Employees’ Compensation Ordinance. Even though heatstroke is on China's occupational disease list, authorities in the special administrative region rejected this demand in 2022 on the grounds that heat-related sickness stems from environmental factors and has no direct link to the nature of work or work-specific conditions. But more medical experts have argued that the city should treat heat hazards as a public health crisis. A recently published Hong Kong University study finds that heat caused 1,455 to 3,238 excess deaths between 2014 and 2023, and that heatwaves now rank among the top ten causes of death in Hong Kong, with mortality rates comparable to those of diabetes. Last month, t he World Health Organization also reinstated that “ heat is an important environmental and occupational health hazard . ” Let’s hope the experts’ alarm provides more grounds for climate justice advocacy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 393, "end": 402, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 469, "end": 474, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 577, "end": 581, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 856, "end": 876, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Hong Kong University"}, {"start": 906, "end": 920, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,455 to 3,238"}, {"start": 943, "end": 947, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 952, "end": 956, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 977, "end": 980, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1003, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "ten"}, {"start": 1023, "end": 1032, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1098, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last month"}, {"start": 1105, "end": 1130, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Health Organization"}]}
{"unique_index": 21426, "source_text": "How AI is upgrading African dictatorship\n\n“On coins, on stamps, on the covers of books, on banners, on posters and on the wrapping of a cigarette packet — everywhere. Always the eyes watching you and the voice enveloping you. Asleep or awake, working or eating, indoors or out of doors, in the bath or in bed — no escape. Nothing was your own except the few cubic centimetres inside yo ur skull.” – George Orwell, “Nineteen Eighty-Four.” Orwell could not have imagined that eventually, even those few cubic centimetres inside the skull would be contested on a continent already plagued by corruption and tyranny. This matters especially on a continent where corruption, impunity, and executive appetite long predate artificial intelligence. And where AI adoption is outpacing the development of rights-respecting legal frameworks Africa rushes for smart tools of tyranny In the past, tyranny in Africa required prisons, informants, secret police, and visible repression. Today, more and more of it arrives as software, financed by credit, wrapped in the language of modernisation, and sold as an upgrade to public safety.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 40, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How AI is upgrading African dictatorship"}, {"start": 354, "end": 357, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 415, "end": 435, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Nineteen Eighty-Four"}, {"start": 497, "end": 500, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 830, "end": 836, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 895, "end": 901, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 971, "end": 976, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21427, "source_text": "A March 2026 study by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) and the African Digital Rights Network found that 11 African governments had collectively spent more than USD 2 billion on AI-powered surveillance systems. Nigeria alone accounted for more than USD 470 million. The kit includes high-definition CCTV, plate readers, facial recognition, biometric identity layers, and a control room where the feeds converge. Much of it is supplied or financed by Chinese firms and banks , while other layers come mainly from Israeli firms . The common justification usually given by African governments is that acquiring this equipment is necessary to fight crime, but the crime numbers are not decreasing. IDS researchers, having examined the installations across several cities, found little evidence that the cameras reduce offending , and the evidence actually shows that cameras cluster in neighbourhoods where opposition parties organise, where protests have happened and where the press has “made trouble” for ruling regimes. The info-infrastructure of dictatorships in Africa is not new, and it won’t be starting from zero.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 12, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 26, "end": 58, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Institute of Development Studies"}, {"start": 60, "end": 63, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IDS"}, {"start": 73, "end": 103, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Digital Rights Network"}, {"start": 115, "end": 117, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 175, "end": 184, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2 billion"}, {"start": 221, "end": 228, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 263, "end": 274, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "470 million"}, {"start": 708, "end": 719, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 762, "end": 769, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1080, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1127, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}]}
{"unique_index": 21428, "source_text": "In most African countries, the state has long had an appetite for data. Records from communications, tax rolls, bank accounts, and administrative registries have been collected for decades and used with little legal restraint, even where protections exist on paper. What is new is the engine. AI turns the dormant files into a queryable archive. A name, a network, a pattern of travel, a history of transactions, now surface in seconds. Even the KGB, the Soviet Union ’s secret police, as Yuval Noah Harari has pointed out , did not have enough people to read millions of reports on millions of citizens every day. The dust in the archive was itself a form of freedom. AI dissolves that dust. The AI-enabled surveillance now coming online in African cities is much cheaper thanks to Chinese open AI models and Israeli smart tools, because it rarely needs to punish anyone. Mass surveillance technologies — cameras, phone software, local internet networks — do not have to arrest anyone. They only need the citizens to know they are there.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 413, "end": 416, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 455, "end": 467, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Soviet Union"}, {"start": 489, "end": 506, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yuval Noah Harari"}, {"start": 560, "end": 568, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 583, "end": 591, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 604, "end": 613, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 721, "end": 724, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21429, "source_text": "The awareness of being watched stops most action before it begins. The target list Every movement for change on the continent has begun the same way. A group of people decides the risk of being seen in public is lower than the risk of staying silent. They gather. They post. The images travel. Sometimes the government falls. Sometimes it holds. The calculation in both cases turns on a single moment, when strangers become visible to each other and to the world as a movement. The upgrade changes that calculation at the source. AI-enabled surveillance is not a neutral grid cast over a city. It is configured around a target list, and that target list is political. The IDS mapping shows cameras clustered where opposition parties organise, not where ordinary crime is highest. The effect is pre-emptive; it suppresses dissent before it forms. Facial recognition at a bus stop does not need to arrest the organiser; it only needs to make clear that organising is no longer anonymous, and that being identified carries a cost.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 365, "end": 369, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 907, "end": 916, "label": "JOB", "value": "organiser"}]}
{"unique_index": 21430, "source_text": "For instance, a protest planned for Sunday and identified on Saturday — through metadata, social media posts, network analysis and face-matching — rarely needs to be broken up by police. The organisers already know they have been seen, and they know what being seen can cost: arrest, charges filed later in court, or even being banned from government jobs. Often, the protest simply does not form. The logic compresses into a loop: the algorithm flags a person as a likely organiser, and that flag is treated as proof that the event would have occurred; thus, the person cannot be innocent because the alarm itself is the evidence. In a country with thin courts and a politicised security service, this becomes a machine that treats intention as guilt. Digital footprints widen the target list. Through the traces users leave online and through state-controlled communications, the state can build a profile of every citizen, then query it for signs of disloyalty. Not for what the person has done, but for what they have liked, who they have called or messaged, which rally their phone was near, which anti-government hashtag they shared.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 42, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Sunday"}, {"start": 61, "end": 69, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 191, "end": 201, "label": "JOB", "value": "organisers"}, {"start": 473, "end": 482, "label": "JOB", "value": "organiser"}]}
{"unique_index": 21431, "source_text": "The quietest and most uncomfortable finding within the Atlantic Council’s report concerns this integration of administrative databases into something broader, a loyalty index, built out of records that were each introduced, separately, for a different reason. The consequence is that reform dies early. CIPESA (the Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa) documents the chilling effect across fourteen countries; a measurable retreat of expression, assembly, and independent media in places where the surveillance architecture has been built out without rights-based safeguards. The citizen who would have marched, posted, joined the committee, filed the complaint, now calculates and stays home. From North to South Africa, a new kind of everyday atmosphere settles in. The seed of change is aborted, not in a cell but in a bedroom, by a person who has understood that the database remembers, and that the algorithm does not distinguish between the opinion expressed and the opinion held. This is what the upgrade protects most efficiently. Not the state’s capacity to punish. It’s capacity to make punishment unnecessary. Foucault called this the panopticon: a design in which the inmate, uncertain whether the guard tower is occupied, learns to guard himself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 71, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Atlantic Council"}, {"start": 315, "end": 356, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Collaboration on International ICT Policy"}, {"start": 370, "end": 385, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southern Africa"}, {"start": 424, "end": 432, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "fourteen"}, {"start": 697, "end": 700, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 742, "end": 754, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 1155, "end": 1163, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Foucault"}]}
{"unique_index": 21432, "source_text": "Those who refuse While AI surveillance is becoming a powerful tool for authoritarian regimes, there are small counter-efforts, underfunded, and racing against a procurement cycle that has already delivered the cameras and wired the databases. Several journalists and organisations are documenting abuses, litigating test cases, and pushing for rights-based AI governance. Civic technologists are turning the same tools back on the state, including fact-checking generative content, monitoring hate speech, observing elections, and offering open, safe, smart tools for journalists and activists. However, the symmetry is false. The infrastructure, the compute, the training data, the vendor contracts, the technical talent, all sit with the state and its foreign suppliers. They do not sit with the African citizen, who struggles every day for just their daily bread. A civic-tech app might monitor some corruption, but it cannot match the control room. The few cubic centimetres Orwell’s dictatorship needed a ministry, a war, an informant behind every door. The new African version seems to need only a loan agreement for buying AI infrastructure, and a population that has been persuaded that the whole thing is for their convenience.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 243, "end": 250, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 251, "end": 262, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 378, "end": 391, "label": "JOB", "value": "technologists"}, {"start": 568, "end": 579, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 584, "end": 593, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 683, "end": 689, "label": "JOB", "value": "vendor"}, {"start": 829, "end": 838, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 854, "end": 859, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 957, "end": 960, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}]}
{"unique_index": 21433, "source_text": "The historian Yuval Noah Harari has warned that the combination of biometric sensors, facial and voice recognition “make it possible for the first time in history for a dictatorial government to follow all the citizens all the time,” and could produce totalitarian regimes “much, much worse than anything we saw in the 20th century.” That warning is usually aimed at Beijing. But Beijing and Tel Aviv are starting to export the tools to Africa. The fear on the continent is not that AI will turn any single African state into a dictatorship. The fear is that AI is lowering the cost of authoritarian capacity and raising its ceiling — at an unprecedented pace, at precisely the moment when the appetite of corrupt regimes is growing, and the legal and institutional safeguards meant to contain them are thin or absent. Certainly, AI can be a lever for development and well-being in Africa; for public services, for innovation, and for expression, too. But, without the underlying infrastructure of democracy and a free press, it becomes a nightmare.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 13, "label": "JOB", "value": "historian"}, {"start": 14, "end": 31, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yuval Noah Harari"}, {"start": 315, "end": 331, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the 20th century"}, {"start": 437, "end": 443, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 882, "end": 888, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21434, "source_text": "Somalia: Drought, fuel prices, and conflicts heighten famine risk\n\nAs of May 2026, Somalia, a country with a population of over 20 million, is facing one of the worst food crises in its history. According to a new analysis published on May 14, 2026, by the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), six million people are experiencing high levels of acute hunger. The IPC is an innovative global multi-stakeholder initiative designed to improve food security and nutrition analyses for informed decision-making. There are multiple mutually reinforcing causes: consecutive below-average rainy seasons, a security situation that hinders humanitarian aid distribution, and the U.S.’s conflict in Western Asia and its impact on fuel prices and foodstuffs. A crisis compounded by climate change Somalia, the easternmost country in Africa, has an arid and semiarid climate . The country contends with four seasons: two dry seasons (Hagaa and Jiilaal) from July to September and from December to March; and two rainy seasons (Gu and Day) from April to June and from October to November. However, in recent years, insufficient rainfall during rainy seasons has caused widespread ecological and agricultural issues.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 65, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Somalia: Drought, fuel prices, and conflicts heighten famine risk"}, {"start": 73, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2026"}, {"start": 83, "end": 90, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 128, "end": 138, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20 million"}, {"start": 236, "end": 248, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 14, 2026"}, {"start": 310, "end": 321, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six million"}, {"start": 685, "end": 689, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 712, "end": 716, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 801, "end": 808, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 837, "end": 843, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 906, "end": 910, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 920, "end": 923, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1014, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21435, "source_text": "This insufficient rainfall has weakened herds, reduced harvests, and dried up water supplies, depriving pastoral and farming families of their main sources of income and food. According to Radio France Internationale , the livestock trade, a major source of this country’s foreign exchange earnings, remains operational despite considerable tensions. Armed conflicts caused by the State’s collapse, clan rivalries, arms proliferation, corruption, and a rise in armed groups, like Al-Shabaab, persist in several regions of the country, and have also caused food and aid disruptions. These circumstances, therefore, hamper humanitarian organizations’ access to the most vulnerable. According to the latest IPC analysis , six million Somalis are facing high levels of acute hunger (IPC Phase 3 or above), including more than 1.9 million in Emergency Phase (IPC Phase 4) . In a UNICEF publication, following a trip to Dollow, a town in the southern region of Gedo, southwestern Somalia, Executive Director Catherine Russell , stated : L’une des images les plus bouleversantes qu’il m’a été donné de voir est celle de rangées de lits où se trouvent des enfants malnutris et des mères anxieuses qui espèrent seulement que leurs enfants survivront.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 189, "end": 216, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Radio France Internationale"}, {"start": 503, "end": 510, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 719, "end": 730, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six million"}, {"start": 789, "end": 790, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 822, "end": 833, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.9 million"}, {"start": 864, "end": 865, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}, {"start": 874, "end": 880, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 955, "end": 959, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gedo"}, {"start": 974, "end": 981, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 983, "end": 1001, "label": "JOB", "value": "Executive Director"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1019, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Catherine Russell"}]}
{"unique_index": 21436, "source_text": "La population est incroyablement résiliente, mais elle a besoin de davantage de soutien au plus vite, d’autant que tous les signaux d’alarme sont au rouge, notamment du fait des répercussions de la guerre au Moyen-Orient. Rows of beds with malnourished children and anxious mothers just hoping their children would survive are one of the most heartbreaking scenes I’ve ever witnessed. Although people are incredibly resilient, they urgently need more support. All the alarm bells are ringing, mainly due to the conflict in Western Asia. In the Burhakaba district of the landlocked Bay region in southern Somalia, more than one in three children under five years old suffer from acute malnutrition. Consequently, humanitarian workers warn that this area could officially fall into famine by June without any large-scale emergency intervention. Nationally, 1.88 million children are expected to require treatment for acute malnutrition in 2026. Although the early mobilization of funding averted an official famine declaration in these districts in 2022, this window of opportunity is rapidly closing. Hormuz shock: A distant crisis with close-to-home consequences The crisis in the Strait of Hormuz, which began on February 28, 2026, has directly impacted prices in Somalia. Before the conflict, around one-fifth of the world’s crude oil passed through this strait.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 531, "end": 535, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 604, "end": 611, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 623, "end": 635, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one in three"}, {"start": 651, "end": 665, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five years old"}, {"start": 855, "end": 867, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.88 million"}, {"start": 937, "end": 941, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1051, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 1181, "end": 1197, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Strait of Hormuz"}, {"start": 1214, "end": 1231, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 28, 2026"}, {"start": 1265, "end": 1272, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21437, "source_text": "As a country largely dependent on basic commodity imports, Somalia is particularly vulnerable to international supply chain disruptions. This blockade also hampers the delivery of humanitarian aid and fertilizers, as Catherine Russell highlighted. In March 2026, fuel prices jumped by 150 percent in Somalia , rising from USD 0.60 to USD 1.50 per liter, stalling the delivery of water, foodstuffs, and humanitarian aid. In the areas hardest hit by drought, the price of a jerrycan of water has risen from USD 0.06 to USD 1.50, a rise of over 2,000 percent in just one year. In the Mudug region (central Somalia), transport costs have also risen by up to 50 percent , forcing entire families to forgo healthcare. The country also imports 30 percent of its fertilizers from Western Asia . This crisis struck during the agricultural input purchasing period for the Gu season, the Horn of Africa’s main rainy season (as mentioned above). According to the French media outlet Le Grand Continent , the impact on Somalia’s 2026 harvests is now largely irreversible. Sharp decline in humanitarian funding Compounding this situation is a particularly severe humanitarian funding deficit.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 59, "end": 66, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 217, "end": 234, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Catherine Russell"}, {"start": 251, "end": 261, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 285, "end": 288, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "150"}, {"start": 300, "end": 307, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 326, "end": 330, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.60"}, {"start": 338, "end": 342, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.50"}, {"start": 509, "end": 513, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "0.06"}, {"start": 521, "end": 525, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.50"}, {"start": 542, "end": 547, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,000"}, {"start": 564, "end": 572, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one year"}, {"start": 603, "end": 610, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 654, "end": 656, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 737, "end": 739, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 780, "end": 784, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 877, "end": 891, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Horn of Africa"}, {"start": 971, "end": 989, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Le Grand Continent"}, {"start": 1006, "end": 1013, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1020, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1033, "end": 1036, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21438, "source_text": "According to Doctors Without Borders (MSF), in April 2026, out of the USD 1.42 billion required for Somalia’s intervention plan, only USD 288 million was allocated , about 20 percent of the total required. Ultimately, a 75 percent reduction to this plan is a direct consequence, lowering the number of beneficiaries from six million to 1.3 million. As a result, more than 200 health and nutrition centers have closed since early 2025, depriving 1.7 million people of essential care. Read more: Crumbling of the global aid sector Halima, a Somali woman, quoted in an MSF publication, explained that she attended Mudug’s regional MSF-supported hospital because its medical services are free. She explained : Je suis venue ici car les services sont gratuits. Sans cela, je n’aurais pas pu obtenir de soins pour mon enfant. I came here because the services are free. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have been able to get healthcare for my child. Referring to the transport costs, which have become unaffordable for her, she continued: C'est devenu beaucoup plus coûteux et difficile qu'avant », déclare-t-elle. « Beaucoup de gens sont désormais contraints de parcourir de longues distances à pied, simplement pour accéder à des soins de santé.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 36, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Doctors Without Borders"}, {"start": 47, "end": 57, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 74, "end": 86, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.42 billion"}, {"start": 100, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 138, "end": 149, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "288 million"}, {"start": 172, "end": 174, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 220, "end": 222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "75"}, {"start": 321, "end": 347, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six million to 1.3 million"}, {"start": 372, "end": 375, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 429, "end": 433, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 445, "end": 456, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.7 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21439, "source_text": "It has become a lot more expensive and challenging than before. Many people must now walk long distances just to access healthcare. Amid the security crisis, Mercy Corps , a U.S. humanitarian NGO operating in transitional and unstable contexts, had to suspend food distribution, water trucking, and nutritional support for severely malnourished children due to resource constraints. In the displaced persons camps in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, arrivals continue even though distributions have ceased. Mohamed Abdi, Somalia Country Director for the Norwegian Refugee Council, makes a clear assessment: Les communautés de Burhakaba (dans la région de Bay) sont au bord de la famine en ce moment même et pourraient franchir cette ligne d'ici juin. Seulement 15 % de la réponse humanitaire est financée. Nous regardons cette situation se détériorer en temps réel pendant que les ressources pour l'arrêter ne sont pas là. As we speak, the Burhakaba communities (in the Bay region) are on the brink of famine and could cross that threshold by June. Only 15 percent of the humanitarian response receives funding.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 68, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 81, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 174, "end": 178, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 443, "end": 450, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 509, "end": 521, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohamed Abdi"}, {"start": 523, "end": 547, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia Country Director"}, {"start": 556, "end": 581, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Norwegian Refugee Council"}, {"start": 763, "end": 765, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 1056, "end": 1058, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}]}
{"unique_index": 21440, "source_text": "We are watching this situation worsen in real time while the resources to prevent it are lacking. Post-aid era threatening millions of lives Somalia is a prime example of a broader global trend. International humanitarian funding is shrinking while needs are increasing due to the combined impacts of climate change and geopolitical instability. Daud Jiran, Somalia Country Director at Mercy Corps, summarizes the situation : La Somalie risque de devenir l'une des premières grandes crises de l'ère “post-aide” : un endroit où les besoins augmentent, la survie devient plus coûteuse, et la réponse se rétrécit. Somalia risks becoming one of the first major crises of the ‘post-aid’ era. A place where subsistence is becoming more expensive, and responses are shrinking just as needs are increasing. In 2022, the rapid mobilization of funding prevented an official famine declaration in these same districts. Today, on-the-ground humanitarian organizations are calling for a similar response: increased food aid, access to drinking water, health and nutrition services, and continued livelihood support for affected communities. Just weeks remain to take action before this situation crosses the official famine threshold in Burhakaba.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 123, "end": 131, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 141, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 346, "end": 356, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daud Jiran"}, {"start": 358, "end": 382, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia Country Director"}, {"start": 611, "end": 618, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Somalia"}, {"start": 802, "end": 806, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 908, "end": 913, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21441, "source_text": "How Kazakhstan resurrected the North Aral Sea\n\nOver the last 20 years, Kazakhstan managed to resurrect the Small Aral Sea, a.k.a. the North Aral, a small part of the Aral Sea , which once was the fourth largest lake in the world, bustling with life and abundance. Situated between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the Aral Sea fell victim to the Soviet Union’s agricultural policies. In the 1960s, when both nations were part of the Soviet Bloc, officials began cultivating vast stretches of barren land in Central Asia by diverting water from the two main rivers that fed the Aral Sea: the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya. Without water from them, more than 90 percent of the lake’s surface area dried up, turning the sea into the Aralkum Desert , filled with toxic pesticides and fertilizers washed down from the cotton fields. After years of restoration efforts, the North Aral, located on the Kazakh side of the dried-up sea, has become an astounding success story in reversing one of the worst anthropogenic environmental disasters in world history.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How Kazakhstan resurrected the North Aral Sea"}, {"start": 56, "end": 69, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last 20 years"}, {"start": 71, "end": 81, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 107, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Small Aral Sea"}, {"start": 134, "end": 144, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 166, "end": 174, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 281, "end": 291, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 296, "end": 306, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 312, "end": 320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 340, "end": 352, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Soviet Union"}, {"start": 385, "end": 390, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1960s"}, {"start": 397, "end": 401, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 501, "end": 513, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 542, "end": 545, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 571, "end": 579, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 585, "end": 594, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syr Darya"}, {"start": 603, "end": 612, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Amu Darya"}, {"start": 649, "end": 651, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 722, "end": 736, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aralkum Desert"}, {"start": 860, "end": 870, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}]}
{"unique_index": 21442, "source_text": "Health and environmental consequences The consequences of draining such a colossal body of water were devastating and continue to affect the population of regions around the sea and beyond. It significantly affected the climate, manifesting in unbearably hot summers and harsh frosts in winter. The residents of the Aral Sea region were hit hardest . In the late 1990s, the child mortality rate in the region was the highest in the world, and the situation remains dire. Every year, storms disperse 80 million tons of toxic sand and salt from the lake bed, which poisons the population, leading to a myriad of chronic and deadly diseases . Various regional studies found toxic substances, insecticides, and dangerous pesticides in the blood and urine of adults and children, and even in the milk of nursing mothers. Adults and children in the region often suffer from anemia, cancer, kidney disease, and epidemic-spreading tuberculosis. Economically, the drying up of the sea killed off the finishing industry, one of the main sources of livelihood and food for locals.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 287, "end": 293, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "winter"}, {"start": 316, "end": 324, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 358, "end": 368, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1990s"}, {"start": 471, "end": 481, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every year"}, {"start": 499, "end": 509, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21443, "source_text": "Until the 1960s, the annual fish catch amounted to 80 thousand tons, making the Aral Sea by far the largest fishery basin in Central Asia. Read more: China is helping Uzbekistan save the Aral Sea In addition to fish, which all disappeared from the sea due to increased salinity, the Aral Sea disaster also led to the extinction or endangerment of dozens of mammals, birds, and plants in the area. Save a small part or lose all of it? By the early 1990s, after the Soviet Union fell and Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan became independent, the Aral Sea stopped existing as a single body of water. It was divided into the “Big” Aral on the southern Uzbek side, fed by Amu Darya, and the “Small” Aral on the northern Kazakh side, fed by Syr Darya. Connecting these two bodies of water was a narrow channel, which ran from the Kazakh city of Aralsk to the largest biological weapon testing site in the world, built by the Soviet Union on the so-called Vozrozhdenie Island, located in the Big Aral. Uzbekistan failed to direct water from the Amu Darya, which originally fed 70 percent of the water to the sea.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1960s"}, {"start": 51, "end": 62, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80 thousand"}, {"start": 80, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 125, "end": 137, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 150, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 167, "end": 177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 187, "end": 198, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea In"}, {"start": 283, "end": 291, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 347, "end": 353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 441, "end": 452, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 1990s"}, {"start": 464, "end": 476, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Soviet Union"}, {"start": 486, "end": 496, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 501, "end": 511, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 536, "end": 544, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}, {"start": 619, "end": 623, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral"}, {"start": 659, "end": 668, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Amu Darya"}, {"start": 686, "end": 690, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral"}, {"start": 727, "end": 736, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syr Darya"}, {"start": 755, "end": 758, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 831, "end": 837, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aralsk"}, {"start": 911, "end": 923, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Soviet Union"}, {"start": 941, "end": 960, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vozrozhdenie Island"}, {"start": 977, "end": 985, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Big Aral"}, {"start": 987, "end": 997, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1039, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Amu Darya"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1064, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}]}
{"unique_index": 21444, "source_text": "Consequently, the Big Aral became an evaporating pot for the water coming from the Syr Darya as well, which trickled down from the north, pushing Kazakhstan to prioritize saving the North Aral. Put simply, there was not enough water to save the entire sea. Thus, in 2005, Kazakhstan built the Kokaral Dam to trap water flowing from the Syr Darya and save the North Aral. Stretching 13 kilometers, the dam was built with the financial support of the World Bank. By the time the dam was built, there were no fish left in the North Aral, and the shoreline had retracted 40 kilometers away from Aralsk, a former port town. In addition to building the dam, the authorities also modernized the irrigation and water distribution system to increase the flow capacity of the Syr Darya and save water for the North Aral. The results have been an astounding success. In 2025, the total volume of water in the North Aral increased by 42 percent and reached 27 billion cubic meters. This helped to decrease the salinity level by four times and reclaim 870 square kilometers of previously dried up sea bed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 18, "end": 26, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Big Aral"}, {"start": 83, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syr Darya"}, {"start": 146, "end": 156, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 182, "end": 192, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 266, "end": 270, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2005"}, {"start": 272, "end": 282, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 336, "end": 345, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syr Darya"}, {"start": 359, "end": 369, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 382, "end": 384, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 449, "end": 459, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 523, "end": 533, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 567, "end": 569, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}, {"start": 766, "end": 775, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syr Darya"}, {"start": 799, "end": 809, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 859, "end": 863, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 898, "end": 908, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 922, "end": 924, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "42"}, {"start": 945, "end": 955, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27 billion"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1020, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 1039, "end": 1042, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "870"}]}
{"unique_index": 21445, "source_text": "Here is a YouTube video about the resurrection of the North Aral. Environmentalists also reintroduced fish to the sea — so successfully that the annual catch reached 8,000 tons, reviving the fishing industry and boosting local economic development. Continued resurrection efforts More good news awaits the North Aral in the near future. The Kazakh government has already announced that it will start implementing the second stage of the project to resurrect the North Aral and will continue cooperating with the World Bank and researchers. Between 2026 and 2029, the authorities plan to make the Kokaral Dam wider and taller to help raise the water level from 40.4 to 44 mBS (meters of the Baltic system). This will also increase the water volume from 27 to 34 billion cubic meters and expand the water surface to 3,913 square kilometers. In addition to reconstructing the dam, Kazakhstan will modernize and automate irrigation systems in the Turkestan and Kyzylorda provinces, through which water from the Syr Darya flows. This will further improve water resource efficiency and direct the saved water to the North Aral.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 17, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 54, "end": 64, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 166, "end": 171, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8,000"}, {"start": 306, "end": 316, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 462, "end": 472, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 512, "end": 522, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Bank"}, {"start": 527, "end": 538, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 548, "end": 552, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 557, "end": 561, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2029"}, {"start": 660, "end": 670, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40.4 to 44"}, {"start": 752, "end": 768, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27 to 34 billion"}, {"start": 814, "end": 819, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,913"}, {"start": 878, "end": 888, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1016, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syr Darya"}, {"start": 1110, "end": 1120, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}]}
{"unique_index": 21446, "source_text": "Here is a YouTube video about the next steps to resurrect the North Aral. Ultimately, the goal is to improve the socio-economic standing of the population and the environmental situation of the nearby region. Kazakhstan’s biggest challenge going forward is the sustainability of the North Aral. The interim success is built on man-made support, which makes the current landscape quasi-natural , characterized as “imperfect, unnatural, and weak” from the sustainability viewpoint. Reports of significantly reduced fish catch amounts in 2025, from 7.8 to 3.9 thousand tons, and the receding water line underscore the precariousness of this victory. Kazakhstan’s status as a “downstream country” also contributes to the sustainability problem, making it dependent on the upstream and neighboring Kyrgyzstan for a steady water supply. Not to mention the rapid melting of glaciers that feed the Syr Darya. Despite these challenges, Kazakhstan has not given up on the North Aral. It has achieved what seemed near impossible twenty years ago and resurrected the dying sea. The North Aral is the only remaining heir to the once mighty and plentiful Aral Sea, deserving of every effort to save it — even without long-term assurances.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 10, "end": 17, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 62, "end": 72, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 209, "end": 219, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 283, "end": 293, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 535, "end": 539, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 546, "end": 565, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7.8 to 3.9 thousand"}, {"start": 647, "end": 657, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 793, "end": 803, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 890, "end": 899, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syr Darya"}, {"start": 927, "end": 937, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 962, "end": 972, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1034, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "twenty years ago"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1080, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Aral"}, {"start": 1141, "end": 1149, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Aral Sea"}]}
{"unique_index": 21447, "source_text": "Tuvalu aims to become a ‘Digital Nation’ amid rising sea levels\n\nWhat happens to a country without land? This is the question that inspired the launch of Tuvalu’s Digital Nation project amid rising sea water levels and the worsening impact of climate change. Tuvalu, which has a population of around 12,000, is a Pacific nation made up of low-lying atolls. As the climate crisis worsens and ocean levels rise, Tuvalu is at risk of being submerged by the seas over the next 100 years. In 2021, Tuvalu’s then-Foreign Minister, Simon Kofe, addressed the Conference of the Parties 27 (COP26), the world’s largest annual climate conference, from a podium while standing knee-deep in seawater to dramatize how small nations with historically low carbon emissions suffer the most from climate change. The following year, he announced during the COP27 that Tuvalu would become the first Digital Nation : This digital transformation will allow Tuvalu to retain its identity and continue to function as a state, even after its physical land is gone.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 63, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Tuvalu aims to become a ‘Digital Nation’ amid rising sea levels"}, {"start": 154, "end": 160, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 163, "end": 177, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Nation"}, {"start": 259, "end": 265, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 300, "end": 306, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12,000"}, {"start": 313, "end": 320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 410, "end": 416, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 468, "end": 482, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next 100 years"}, {"start": 487, "end": 491, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 493, "end": 499, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 507, "end": 523, "label": "JOB", "value": "Foreign Minister"}, {"start": 577, "end": 579, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27"}, {"start": 798, "end": 812, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "following year"}, {"start": 849, "end": 855, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 879, "end": 893, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Nation"}, {"start": 935, "end": 941, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}]}
{"unique_index": 21448, "source_text": "It will also facilitate the governance of a Tuvaluan diaspora by creating a virtual space where Tuvaluans can connect with each other, explore ancestry and culture, and access new opportunities for business and commerce in various industries. Moreover, a permanent digital replica of Tuvalu — a new ‘defined territory’ — will aid in the fight for continued sovereignty under international law. The project has three major components: 1) Digital Twin, which involves the scanning of 124 islands and islets to make a digital copy of the land of Tuvalu; 2) Digital Ark , a cloud platform for digital and 3D scans of important Tuvaluan objects, values, and stories; and 3) E-government services for Tuvalu “to ensure improved access for Tuvaluans while also allowing the government to function virtually in a worst-case scenario where people are forced to leave Tuvalu because of climate change.” This is a large-scale project that seeks to mobilize the whole population. Consultations are crucial for securing public support and ensuring that the most valuable cultural resources are preserved.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 284, "end": 290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 410, "end": 415, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 434, "end": 435, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1"}, {"start": 482, "end": 485, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "124"}, {"start": 543, "end": 549, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 551, "end": 552, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2"}, {"start": 666, "end": 667, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3"}, {"start": 695, "end": 701, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 858, "end": 864, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}]}
{"unique_index": 21449, "source_text": "After attending workshops and consultations about the project, the people of Tuvalu themselves are charged with identifying the stories and cultural practices they want to digitize. For example, a resident wanted to document the art of canoe making. Another resident wanted to promote the knowledge of making Ano, the ball used in a traditional Tuvaluan sport. In another workshop, 3D scans of pulou (traditional woven hats) and pillows were made In an interview with this author, the team behind the Digital Nation shared the status of the project. We are in the middle of Outer Islands consultations promoting and explaining the project to Tuvalu’s Outer Islands communities. When we are digitizing stories of Tuvaluan objects, values, and practices in the Digital Ark, we have to make sure that the people who store their data are fully protected and we also have to ensure that Tuvalu hosts, houses, and maintains sovereignty over the platforms that support this data.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 77, "end": 83, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 473, "end": 479, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 501, "end": 515, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Nation"}, {"start": 574, "end": 587, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Outer Islands"}, {"start": 642, "end": 664, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu’s Outer Islands"}, {"start": 882, "end": 888, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}]}
{"unique_index": 21450, "source_text": "They also enumerated some of the lessons from implementing the project: The importance of closely collaborating with all departments who work on digitization in the Government of Tuvalu (there are a lot!) to gather best practices and ensure a streamlined approach to digital futures. The strong appetite for digital and cultural preservation, especially among youth in Tuvalu. The vast range of objects, values, stories, and practices communities want to digitize. The need for different levels of security in digital platforms like the Digital Ark to ensure that people can digitize objects and stories but also ensure that access to those objects and stories can be limited if the people who digitize the objects and stories request that only their family members or specific community can have access. Since the project relies on internet connectivity, there are concerns about the resources it will require and consume, as well as the risk of cyberattacks . Some also criticize that the project implies officials have accepted that Tuvalu will inevitably disappear from the maps.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 165, "end": 185, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Government of Tuvalu"}, {"start": 369, "end": 375, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1042, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}]}
{"unique_index": 21451, "source_text": "Writing for the DevPolicy blog, Venu Edwin Pedro and Jess Marinaccio addressed this issue and asserted that the project carries the message of hope — not resignation. The Digital Nation represents the hope that Tuvalu can prepare for extreme climate impacts, with its culture and government services fully protected in the face of rising sea levels and other disasters It is about being proactive in the face of climate change and other influences and preserving culture for a better tomorrow. Digital Nation is an investment in improved connectivity and e-services that can help citizens buy inter-island boat tickets, renew passports or obtain marriage certificates online rather than travelling great distances to do so in person. It is a story of staying in Tuvalu — not leaving it. Venu, a native of Tuvalu, highlighted how the project inspired greater appreciation for the nation’s cultural resources. To me, the Digital Nation is a new way to fight, adapt and protect our identity and sovereignty. It is about taking control, shaping our future and keeping our roots alive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 171, "end": 185, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Nation"}, {"start": 211, "end": 217, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 484, "end": 492, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "tomorrow"}, {"start": 494, "end": 508, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Nation"}, {"start": 762, "end": 768, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 805, "end": 811, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 919, "end": 933, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Nation"}]}
{"unique_index": 21452, "source_text": "As someone who does not want to migrate, the project is a beacon of hope and a way for Tuvaluans to solve the problems they face without relying on others. The Digital Nation complements other initiatives aimed at countering the harsh impact of climate change, such as land reclamation and coral restoration in Tuvalu. It also sends an important message to the global community that urgent action is needed to stop the loss of small island states like Tuvalu. A small nation like Tuvalu is forced to replicate itself in the metaverse because of the continued slow response, inaction, and failure of nation-states and global institutions to implement a sustained program of action to reduce and combat the adverse effects of fossil fuel emissions. In other words, the Digital Nation project may be focused on preserving Tuvalu, but its global significance should be underscored as well.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 160, "end": 174, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Nation"}, {"start": 311, "end": 317, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 452, "end": 458, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 480, "end": 486, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}, {"start": 767, "end": 781, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital Nation"}, {"start": 819, "end": 825, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tuvalu"}]}
{"unique_index": 21453, "source_text": "The serpent in the code: What allegations of AI usage in the Commonwealth Short Story Prize mean for regions like the Caribbean\n\nWhere to begin? Those could have been the very words that went through Trinidadian Jamir Nazir ’s head when he decided to write “ The Serpent in the Grove ,” his submission to the 2026 edition of the prestigious Commonwealth Short Story Prize . The piece was judged the regional winner for the Caribbean and, as a result, became a contender for the overall prize — except that there’s a huge debate over whether he wrote it at all. On Monday, May 11, I received an alert that Nazir had topped the slew of Caribbean entries, with a note that the news was embargoed until that Wednesday. Exactly a week later, a North America-based colleague emailed me to say he’d seen allegations circulating on Bluesky that the story was the work of artificial intelligence (AI): Mollick ’s theory quickly gained traction — he’s a University of Pennsylvania professor, after all, specialising in entrepreneurship, innovation and AI — but it hadn’t yet been reported in any newspaper of record, though I found similar threads emerging on Reddit and X: A couple of calls to trustworthy sources revealed that the accusation might have legs.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 127, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The serpent in the code: What allegations of AI usage in the Commonwealth Short Story Prize mean for regions like the Caribbean"}, {"start": 309, "end": 313, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 423, "end": 432, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 564, "end": 570, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Monday"}, {"start": 572, "end": 578, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 11"}, {"start": 634, "end": 643, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 704, "end": 713, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Wednesday"}, {"start": 739, "end": 752, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North America"}, {"start": 944, "end": 970, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Pennsylvania"}, {"start": 971, "end": 980, "label": "JOB", "value": "professor"}, {"start": 1166, "end": 1172, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}]}
{"unique_index": 21454, "source_text": "Neither the Commonwealth Foundation nor Granta, where the winning entries are published, had yet made official statements, so I waited. It was an interesting story, but if it ended up going somewhere, I wanted to be able to cover it in a way that wasn’t simply amplifying the noise. The sins of syntax What concerned me at this stage was that the finger-pointing seemed largely rooted in syntax; the conclusion being that a proliferation of dashes, coupled with the approach of describing things as being “ not this, but that ,” meant that the story must have been generated either wholly or partly by AI. Chat GPT, in particular, is heavily trained in this approach, but this type of writing existed long before Large Language Models (LLMs) did. In an auspiciously timed episode of the podcast This Week in Tech , futurist and author Amy Webb admitted that she neither thinks nor speaks in complete sentences: “I’m just a giant run-on […] this is my natural way of speaking and writing. And the bots out there got hooked on Miranda and now […] I have to convince people like, no, this is just the way that I write.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 35, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Neither the Commonwealth Foundation"}, {"start": 795, "end": 804, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This Week"}, {"start": 828, "end": 834, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 835, "end": 843, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amy Webb"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1040, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21455, "source_text": "It got me thinking about the way Caribbean people speak, meandering down long, winding trails of thought before they get to the point. Being of the opinion that AI has done the dash dirty to some degree, the podcast exchange made me consult my always-within-arm’s-reach copy of Strunk and White’s “Elements of Style,” which advises that dashes as a whole — there was no distinction made between en or em — should be used “only when a more common mark or punctuation seems inadequate.” In other words, apply sparingly. In a story of 3,385 words, Nazir used dashes approximately 28 times. Is that too much? And if it is, do we mean “too much” in the sense of overkill, or do we mean it as a reliable gauge of AI usage? What’s the limit, and who gets to decide? Via a WhatsApp call, I asked this of Jarrel de Matas , an assistant professor at the University of Texas Medical Branch’s Department of Bioethics and Health Humanities. His feeling is that because AI detectors can misrepresent, clear disclosure parameters are needed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 33, "end": 42, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 532, "end": 537, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,385"}, {"start": 577, "end": 579, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28"}, {"start": 765, "end": 773, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 796, "end": 811, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jarrel de Matas"}, {"start": 817, "end": 836, "label": "JOB", "value": "assistant professor"}, {"start": 844, "end": 926, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Texas Medical Branch’s Department of Bioethics and Health Humanities"}]}
{"unique_index": 21456, "source_text": "“How much LLM output can you actually use before it crosses over into irresponsible usage?” he asks. “If you use it for spell check or grammar correction, these are low-level writing mechanics. If it’s just for outlining, researching…I think those are acceptable ways to use it, but they should be disclosed. But when you are engaging with a system that you are asking for ideas, you’re giving it some kind of authority over the creative process.” He calls it “a watershed moment for creativity.” Using AI to detect AI By May 19, the UK Guardian ran a story about the controversy, which quoted Granta’s Sigrid Rausing, as saying, “It may be that the judges have now awarded a prize to an instance of AI plagiarism – we don’t yet know, and perhaps we never will know.” The magazine stated that it had put Nazir's writing through Claude to determine whether his story had been AI generated, which is a classic case of “himself to himself,” to quote The Mighty Spoiler . The chatbot concluded that it was “almost certainly not produced unaided by a human.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 183, "end": 192, "label": "JOB", "value": "mechanics"}, {"start": 522, "end": 528, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19"}, {"start": 534, "end": 536, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}, {"start": 650, "end": 656, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 662, "end": 665, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 828, "end": 834, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Claude"}]}
{"unique_index": 21457, "source_text": "Trinidadian writer Kevin Jared Hosein, the 2015 regional winner of the prize, was livid that the Commonwealth Foundation continues to stand behind Nazir, who insists “The Serpent in the Grove” is his own work, and that the story — along with other 2026 entries that have also been flagged for their potential use of AI — remains on Granta’s website. Rausing’s admission that there is “a certain irony in the fact that beyond human hunches AI itself is the most efficient tool we have for revealing what is AI generated,” likely brings little consolation. Hosein challenged , “You have human eyes. You will be the jury. Jamir’s headshot, first of all, is a product of AI modification. He has admitted this. If he is willing to dupe the Foundation with this, why stop there?” Hosein is one of the judges for the 2026 Brooklyn Caribbean Literary Festival , which just posted its policy on AI use for its short story contest. The parameters prohibit the use of “LLM-based tools to generate, edit, revise, summarize, or otherwise assist in preparing your submission.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 18, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 19, "end": 37, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kevin Jared Hosein"}, {"start": 43, "end": 47, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 97, "end": 120, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Commonwealth Foundation"}, {"start": 248, "end": 252, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 555, "end": 561, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hosein"}, {"start": 774, "end": 780, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hosein"}, {"start": 795, "end": 801, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 810, "end": 814, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 824, "end": 833, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}]}
{"unique_index": 21458, "source_text": "While some regional writers were pleased with the festival’s stance, it seems a bit idealistic considering you can’t even google something now without being met with the search engine’s standard AI Overview at the top of the page. De Matas reminds me that when ChatGPT burst onto the scene in November 2022, the talk was about the death of the English major . “At that point, the threat was that we wouldn’t think anymore,” he recalls. “But now, it seems the conversation has shifted to, ‘We cannot be creative anymore.’” The competition’s judges have come under their fair share of fire. A WIRED article noted that Jamaican author Sharma Taylor , who sat on the jury, “has been accused of using AI to craft her descriptive blurb that accompanied the listing of ‘The Serpent in the Grove’ as a regional winner,” adding that Pangram — which the AI experts who raised the alarm in the first place employed to evaluate Nazir's story — had assessed Taylor’s text as “AI-assisted.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 27, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 139, "end": 142, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 234, "end": 239, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matas"}, {"start": 261, "end": 268, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}, {"start": 293, "end": 306, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2022"}, {"start": 441, "end": 444, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 540, "end": 546, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 625, "end": 631, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 632, "end": 645, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sharma Taylor"}, {"start": 945, "end": 951, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Taylor"}]}
{"unique_index": 21459, "source_text": "In a WhatsApp thread, Global Voices community member Tori Egherman found herself wrestling with the concept “that AI — which was trained on the very good writing of human beings, most often without their consent — can judge whether someone’s writing is AI generated or not […] I see so many human creators being accused of using AI because AI was trained on their work. Someone make it make sense.” Between a rock and a hard place Both the Commonwealth Foundation and Granta have received criticism for the equanimity of their response, but really, how else could they have played this? “We are making assumptions to fill a gap,” De Matas explains. “I think that certain ‘obvious markers’ make parts of the text read as AI-generated, and I also think that it’s difficult to prove.” He’s interested in how we can use this moment to develop tools that can ascertain, without a doubt, what many people believe they’re seeing, and suggests this can be accomplished by tracking trends — data sets, stylography: “A lot of work would have to go into coding style.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 13, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 22, "end": 35, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 53, "end": 66, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tori Egherman"}, {"start": 218, "end": 223, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 286, "end": 290, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 297, "end": 305, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 431, "end": 435, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 440, "end": 463, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Commonwealth Foundation"}, {"start": 633, "end": 638, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matas"}, {"start": 887, "end": 891, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21460, "source_text": "It’s not impossible, but we’d need incentives to create the guard rails.” As a machine learning model, he continues, Chat GPT trains on the data it finds and continuously refines it, though it never really loses the structure. “You can ask it a hundred things and it will say 99 in the same way,” he adds. “It doesn't change the style. It changes the information.” Against the backdrop of a quickly advancing AI race , such a tool seems critical, especially since these developments appear to push us towards more usage. “We think we have the agency,” De Matas laments, “but we don’t; everything is becoming AI-driven. It’s affected image generation, the smartphone, operating systems and so, we’re doing less and less.” Rise of the bots? A friend recently recounted a discussion she’d had with a Trinidadian secondary school student, who told her that any School-Based Assessments (SBAs) she and her peers submit are put through an AI-checker, and there’s a certain percentage of AI detection they are not allowed to surpass.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 245, "end": 252, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundred"}, {"start": 276, "end": 278, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "99"}, {"start": 555, "end": 560, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matas"}]}
{"unique_index": 21461, "source_text": "Fair enough, but here’s the rub: if she submits a “perfect” paper , her work is judged to be AI. She’s then forced to submit papers with deliberate errors, for which she gets marks docked. In a LinkedIn post, Nazir took a similar line of defence, questioning the accuracy of AI detection tools like Pangram: “It is a fact that AI detectors are completely unreliable generating false positives when evaluating highly polished human prose. Algorithms cannot be allowed to dictate that a human is incapable of producing a high level of literature.” So what constitutes great writing ? To shed some light, I revisited Plato’s “ Phaedrus ,” which mentions things like the power of truth to tap into the universality of the human experience. In the text, Socrates, who values rhetoric more than the written word, declares, “[T]his discovery of yours will create forgetfulness in the learners’ souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves […] you give your disciples not truth, but only the semblance of truth, [having] the show of wisdom without the reality.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 194, "end": 202, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}]}
{"unique_index": 21462, "source_text": "Plato, clearly a soothsayer, might as well have talking about artificial intelligence. As AI continues to be fed human content, it will get better; it already has. This makes it all the more difficult to discern what is human and what isn’t. An educator friend posed a theoretical question to me in the midst of all the furore: “If a good story is proven to have been written by AI, does it make it any less of a good story?” My personal feeling is that yes, it does, because it lacks the authenticity of the human experience, which is where the power and truth in stories inherently lie. It reminds me of a yarn about a purported face-off between famed Shakespearean actor Richard Burton and American Catholic bishop Fulton Sheen. In the (admittedly AI-esque) story, they were each asked to read Psalm 23 to see who could evoke the more emotional response. Burton’s rendition earned him a standing ovation; Sheen’s, contemplative silence, with the judge determining that Burton knew the passage, but Sheen knew the shepherd.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 674, "end": 688, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Richard Burton"}, {"start": 803, "end": 805, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23"}, {"start": 858, "end": 864, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Burton"}, {"start": 949, "end": 954, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 972, "end": 978, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Burton"}]}
{"unique_index": 21463, "source_text": "De Matas and his peers now routinely come up against the likelihood that AI is changing how we engage with our own humanity — “our processes of creating connections, originality, how we derive inspiration, things we took for granted because we were human.” Even Pope Leo XIV has weighed in; his first encyclical argues that humans flourish because of limitations, not in spite of them. AI, on the other hand, makes everything immediate and easy. There is no struggle and, as any writer can attest , the struggle is real. “I think what we are losing is the self, the ability to be honest with each other; with ourselves,” De Matas stresses, “and that is such a nebulous concept, we can’t quantify it. We can’t code honesty.” Literary backlash Recognised writers have not deemed Nazir’s story worthy. Despite the Commonwealth Foundation’s assessment of its “lyrical precision” and “confidence and restraint of its voice,” Hosein found that it “lacks intentionality behind the strangeness it evokes as ‘great’ literature. [N]one of his metaphor and simile serve the characters or the narrative.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matas"}, {"start": 23, "end": 26, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 479, "end": 485, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 624, "end": 629, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matas"}, {"start": 753, "end": 760, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 811, "end": 834, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Commonwealth Foundation"}, {"start": 920, "end": 926, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hosein"}]}
{"unique_index": 21464, "source_text": "The closer you look at it, you may see how it employs heavy use of (unearned) aphorism and I always find AI stories to be floaty or glide-y, like it can never really settle on a particular moment and sustain emotion or tension, only ideas of it.” Jamaican Booker Prize winner Marlon James simply quipped , “Forget AI for a second. A story won an international Competition with a line like this: ‘The girl smiled like sunrise over a sink.’” Such comments point to a two-pronged issue. First, whether Nazir and the other two writers accused of using AI were truthful when they declared to the Foundation that their work was of their own creation, and second, whether the writing has merit. Addressing the first point in a May 19 statement, the Commonwealth Foundation defended its “robust” judging process : “Until a sufficient tool or process to reliably detect the use of AI emerges that can also grapple with the challenges pertaining to working with unpublished fiction, the Foundation and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize must operate on the principle of trust.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 519, "end": 522, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 523, "end": 530, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 720, "end": 726, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19"}, {"start": 742, "end": 765, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Commonwealth Foundation"}]}
{"unique_index": 21465, "source_text": "As criticism mounted, however, the Foundation’s Director-General Razmi Farook felt it important to address the organisation’s “duty of care.” Calling AI “the single biggest issue facing much of the creative world,” she noted, “[W]hile we welcome constructive debate surrounding this complicated and nuanced matter, we are deeply concerned by the tone of much of the discourse surrounding it. At the centre of this are real people: striving writers, dedicated judges, and a passionate team.” She further noted the Foundation’s disappointment that the work of not only current but previous winners of the prize had been called into question, but added, “We feel it is vital to recognise the upset felt by all those involved in or affected by the recent discourse surrounding the Short Story Prize. We offer our support to our winners, shortlisted writers, judges, alumni and wider community.” Their message is clear, at least to me, on the point of calibre: writers, readers, critics, AI specialists and social media commentators can all have their opinions, but the final word on whether a piece is deserving or not lies with the people who have been entrusted to judge it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 48, "end": 56, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 65, "end": 77, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Razmi Farook"}, {"start": 440, "end": 447, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 459, "end": 465, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 845, "end": 852, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 854, "end": 860, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 956, "end": 963, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 986, "end": 997, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialists"}, {"start": 1163, "end": 1168, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}]}
{"unique_index": 21466, "source_text": "For De Matas, this is precisely the point: “In the same way that AI tools are not transparent, and AI developers are not transparent, this moment should be an eye-opener for the prize itself, because they aren’t exactly transparent either. It says as much about the creative output as it does about the basis for judging those outputs.” Is there a way to tell? AI was always going to become an integral part of our existence. Technology has been going in that direction for quite some time, but the hope was that it would — like Rosie in “The Jetsons” — competently perform operational tasks for us, leaving humans to concentrate on creative ones. Instead, we’re being faced with Open AI’s Sam Altman boasting about “a new model that is good at creative writing” and “got the vibe of metafiction so right.” While AI models are proceeding at breakneck speed, even as they negatively impact both planet and people, regulation, legislation, and discernment tools are lagging behind. On Substack, James O’Sullivan posited that stylometry , “a technique within the computational humanities which sets out to measure literary style — i.e., how a text is written, or indeed, by whom it was written,” could be useful in cases like this.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 12, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matas"}, {"start": 102, "end": 112, "label": "JOB", "value": "developers"}, {"start": 690, "end": 700, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sam Altman"}]}
{"unique_index": 21467, "source_text": "“Count up the most common words in a corpus (which are always function words like ‘the’, ‘and’, ‘of’, ‘I’, ‘was’),” he advised, “standardise those counts against the corpus as a whole, and the resulting profile turns out to be a reasonably reliable identifier of who wrote what.” In another blog post, O’Sullivan agreed that “The Serpent in the Grove” had a few red flags: “Negation staged as the setup for revelation is among the most reliable rhetorical defaults of current language models when asked to perform a literary register.” He also mentioned various aphorisms that have “the cadence of profundity but little real meaning,” “deliberately strange verb-noun pairings,” and “the reflex toward parable in place of incident.” “But maybe,” he continued, “Nazir did write The Serpent, which wouldn’t be the first piece of formulaic fiction to reach award-winning status (I can honestly see ChatGPT receiving a Booker Prize someday).” Bringing the discussion around full circle to the tweet that started the bot-text ball a-rolling, O’Sullivan said, “The framing here is telling.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 358, "end": 361, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 894, "end": 901, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "ChatGPT"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1046, "label": "PERSON", "value": "O’Sullivan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21468, "source_text": "By calling it a Turing test, Ethan Mollick implicitly conceded the central problem that readers (and publishers) face in the age of LLMs: whether a piece of prose was written by a human can no longer be reliably determined through reading alone. If it could, well then no test would be needed.” He then cut to the heart of the matter : “The consequences of this reach far beyond Nazir. If AI ‘detectors’ and Bluesky accusations are allowed to function as prima facie grounds for a public denunciation of authorship, the writers harmed will be the ones whose stylistic surface overlaps with generative prose for reasons that have nothing to do with AI use.” This includes, from my own editorial experience, writers for whom English is not a first language, academic writing, and flowery prose with an over-reliance on that ubiquitous em dash. Could it also include Jamir Nazir’s “unusual writing process,” which he shared with the UK Observer’s Erica Wagner? “Chronic health conditions which make sustained, desk-bound typing physically impossible,” he told her, require him to write via speech-to-text, with minimal keyboard editing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 520, "end": 527, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 706, "end": 713, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 930, "end": 932, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UK"}]}
{"unique_index": 21469, "source_text": "It puts a very human face on what many are regarding as a primarily technical or even moral issue. “The problem we now face is this,” O’Sullivan surmises. “[W]e do not want so-called authors winning literary prizes for AI slop, but equally, we don’t want a situation wherein the threshold for being publicly named as a fraud is a screenshot from an AI detector and a Bluesky post.” Vestiges of colonialism I’ve heard all manner of questions raised about this debacle, perhaps the most common being, “How could the judges not have known?” Do you know, without a doubt, that Nazir and the two other accused are guilty of using AI? I don’t, but I’ll tell you what I do know. Despite the prize’s judging panel being as diverse as the regions it serves, they often don’t see us. In Lina Abushouk’s article “How to read postcolonial writing,” she argued that the Foundation’s rationale for choosing the story revealed “a critical vocabulary that has become entirely decorative — terms like ‘richly evocative,’ ‘sensory detail,’ and ‘melodic voice’ floating free of any engagement with the actual sentences on the page.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 115, "end": 118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 183, "end": 190, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 514, "end": 520, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 587, "end": 590, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21470, "source_text": "Nazir’s selection, therefore, is less about him using AI and more about the irony of Euro-American conceptions about the unintelligibility of postcolonial writing.” She went on to explain that “large language models do not invent anything. [T]hey learn to predict what kinds of sentences tend to follow other kinds of sentences. This means that when an LLM generates ‘literary’ fiction set in the postcolonial Caribbean, it does not reach for originality — it reaches for the most probable version of what such fiction has looked like in the texts it has been trained on. It reproduces the expected atmospheric density, the expected weight of landscape and labor, and the expected imagery of poverty and endurance. The scandal is that the existing formulae for ‘authentic’ postcolonial prose are already so codified that a language model can reproduce them convincingly. In this way, AI does not disrupt literary taste so much as expose its furniture.” Abushouk continued , “Others have pointed out that some of the judges themselves are from the Global South, which would mean it is not a simple story of metropolitan outsiders imposing their expectations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 410, "end": 419, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1022, "label": "JOB", "value": "judges"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1059, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Global South"}]}
{"unique_index": 21471, "source_text": "But actually, this would make it something more insidious: a set of aesthetic assumptions so thoroughly institutionalized that they can be reproduced from within.” Comparing the whole affair with Amos Tutuola ’s relationship with Faber and Faber in the 1950s, Abushouk surmised, “Faber did not celebrate him despite his linguistic unevenness […] they celebrated him because of it. The ‘wrongness’ of the English was the point — it authenticated the primitive. […] The structure of the error is identical across seven decades: Incoherence that would disqualify a European writer is reframed as authenticity when it is attached to the right cultural geography. This is what the AI controversy ultimately reveals — not a new problem introduced by technology, but an old one made newly legible.” The issue of access The notion of Tutuola being perceived as “ ungrammatical ” gave me pause. I thought back to Wagner’s interaction with Nazir, and her musings after an AI checker determined his headshot was either heavily edited or AI-generated: “Why wouldn’t you use all the tools available to you if it was hard for you to get a decent headshot done?”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 196, "end": 208, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Amos Tutuola"}, {"start": 253, "end": 258, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1950s"}, {"start": 511, "end": 524, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "seven decades"}, {"start": 571, "end": 577, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 767, "end": 770, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 826, "end": 833, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tutuola"}]}
{"unique_index": 21472, "source_text": "She added, “His initial message to me on LinkedIn contained misspelled words, was ungrammatical. What light does that shed on his polished, prize-winning story? Any? Some? None?” Some would say the light is harsh, hot, interrogative; that it unmasks a grifter. Yet, there are perfectly punctuated pieces of writing that fail to say anything valuable, and grammatically imperfect stories that can touch something deep in the hands of a competent editor. If Tutuola were attempting to start his writing career today, would a publisher take a chance, or would he be overlooked on account of his solecisms? Would he use AI as a tool if he felt it levelled the playing field? Is it even a tool? A recent Bluesky thread suggested that it wasn’t in users’ best interests to refer to LLMs as such: Terminology aside, De Matas says that using AI as a tool (as opposed to some kind of creative collaborator) allows people to transcend linguistic barriers; if that offers an advantage, then is it an advantage in expression, or imagination?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 49, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 445, "end": 451, "label": "JOB", "value": "editor"}, {"start": 456, "end": 463, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tutuola"}, {"start": 508, "end": 513, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 812, "end": 817, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matas"}]}
{"unique_index": 21473, "source_text": "“It’s changing the rules of authorship; the nature of creation,” he confirms. “We have relied on a traditional idea of authors associated with pedigree, and what these AI systems are showing is that a lot of us can become ‘artists.’ Is this just another evolution of that? The bigger question is, where does authorship now need to evolve?” In his recent experience of judging medical residents on case reports they had to present in person, De Matas found the quality of some of the presentations did not match the level of writing. Proving human authorship, therefore, might well have less to do with the writing and more with “the connections and authenticity they bring to it.” As with every thesis hearing in history, if you can articulately defend your work, chances are you authored it. Either way, literature has gatekeepers and competitions like the Commonwealth Short Story Prize help unlock the gate. Naturally, writers must put in the effort to hone their skills and develop their voice, which is why festivals like the Bocas Lit Fest are so crucial.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 119, "end": 126, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 223, "end": 230, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 319, "end": 322, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 444, "end": 449, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Matas"}, {"start": 922, "end": 929, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21474, "source_text": "Bocas has consistently offered regional writers all the support it can muster, even as its own support systems have pulled away . It’s not just writers, though; it’s readers too. If we have any hope of keeping up with AI, reading is non-negotiable. Start with books that were created before AI became a thing. They will feed discernment, expand vocabulary, nourish the spirit, spark the imagination, and make us better (albeit not wholly) equipped to separate the craft from the chatbot. Of course, we’ve probably already crossed the Rubicon. Whether Nazir did or didn’t use AI, or to what degree, the doubts cast over the integrity of the work, justified or not, have likely stymied his writing career before it even got going. He has become the AI-generated face of an issue that is already proving to be bigger than us. To repurpose a line that Bocas festival director Nicholas Laughlin wrote in an obit for V.S. Naipaul, “The moral algebra of art is difficult, and it should trouble us.” The human implications of AI’s moral algebra should disturb us even more.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 47, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 144, "end": 151, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 863, "end": 871, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 872, "end": 889, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nicholas Laughlin"}]}
{"unique_index": 21475, "source_text": "Rubbish as a resource: How communities in Mozambique transform waste into climate solutions\n\nIn a context characterized by rapid urbanization, fragile waste management systems, youth unemployment, and growing climate vulnerability, artists, activists, musicians, and community entrepreneurs in Mozambique have been developing local responses to address an environmental crisis. Through recycling, art, music, and environmental education, they seek to challenge the traditional perception of rubbish and demonstrate that things which have been discarded can be transformed into tools for survival, artistic expression, social critique, and climate resistance. In cities like Maputo , solid waste has become a visible part of the urban landscape. Plastic bottles clog drainage systems during periods of heavy rain, used tires accumulate in containers and empty spaces, while informal rubbish dumps continue to grow in outlying neighborhoods, such that in the rubbish dump Helene , people live in a seemingly different world. Despite municipal efforts, waste collection and management remain insufficient in several urban areas . It is in this context that community initiatives such as Ecopoints have emerged as alternatives to simultaneously address environmental and social challenges.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 91, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Rubbish as a resource: How communities in Mozambique transform waste into climate solutions"}, {"start": 232, "end": 239, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 241, "end": 250, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 252, "end": 261, "label": "JOB", "value": "musicians"}, {"start": 277, "end": 290, "label": "JOB", "value": "entrepreneurs"}, {"start": 294, "end": 304, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mozambique"}, {"start": 1105, "end": 1112, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21476, "source_text": "Discarded tires turned into opportunities For Vania Gonçalo , an environmental activist, reusing tires began as a response to a problem seen daily on Maputo’s streets. In 2019, Gonçalo decided to create an initiative focused on the reuse of discarded tires after realizing that, while the environmental debate in Mozambique was heavily centered on plastic, tires were also a significant environmental problem. From there, Gonçalo began collecting abandoned tires in residential areas, roads, and trash containers. After collection, the materials go through washing, disinfection, and transformation processes. Tires are converted into tables, chairs, vases, houses for domestic animals, and other decorative objects. The process combines creativity, sustainability, and entrepreneurship. Depending on the type of tire, different techniques are used with fabrics, wood, ropes, sponges, paints, and other recycled materials. For Gonçalo, the project goes beyond recycling. It is also about raising awareness among young people and communities about environmental responsibility. In an interview with Global Voices, she said : Queríamos mostrar à sociedade que aquilo que é jogado fora ainda pode ser reutilizado e transformado em algo valioso e em muitos bairros, os pneus são simplesmente queimados ou abandonados. Queríamos mostrar que é possível reutilizá-los sem necessidade de maquinaria cara ou processos industriais.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Vania Gonçalo"}, {"start": 65, "end": 87, "label": "JOB", "value": "environmental activist"}, {"start": 141, "end": 146, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 171, "end": 175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 177, "end": 184, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gonçalo"}, {"start": 313, "end": 323, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mozambique"}, {"start": 422, "end": 429, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gonçalo"}, {"start": 643, "end": 649, "label": "JOB", "value": "chairs"}, {"start": 927, "end": 934, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gonçalo"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1111, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21477, "source_text": "We wanted to show people that things which are thrown away can still be reused and turned into something valuable, even though in many neighbourhoods tires are simply burned or abandoned. We wanted to show that it is possible to reuse them without needing expensive machinery or industrial processes. The initiative also reveals urban inequalities related to waste. In outlying neighborhoods, used tires often take on new informal uses, such as toys for children, makeshift seats, or structures for small community parks. In central areas of the city, on the other hand, they are usually treated only as waste to be managed. According to Gonçalo, reusing waste can also contribute to debates on environmental public policies. In addition to producing recycled objects, activist organizations train young people in solid waste reuse, entrepreneurship, and environmental education. She explains: Antes de criar políticas sobre pneus, precisamos de mais estudos científicos sobre os impactos ambientais desses resíduos. Mas futuramente isso pode influenciar políticas públicas de coleta e reaproveitamento. O trabalho não é apenas ambiental. Também cria oportunidades de renda. Quanto mais pessoas envolvidas na reutilização de resíduos, menos lixo teremos no meio ambiente.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 130, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 638, "end": 645, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gonçalo"}, {"start": 769, "end": 777, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}]}
{"unique_index": 21478, "source_text": "Before making policies regarding tires, we need more scientific studies on the environmental impacts of this waste. But in the future this may influence public policies on collection and reuse. The work is not only environmental. It also creates income opportunities. The more people involved in reusing waste, the less will be left in the environment. Art, memory, and social critique For the Mozambican artist Mudungaze , rubbish also has political and cultural significance. Using discarded industrial materials, scrap metal, and objects found in the streets, the artist creates masks and contemporary works inspired by African cultural references and the urban dynamics of Maputo. His work combines contemporary reflections on African identity, colonialism, cultural memory, and global inequalities in an exhibition on “ African masks . ” According to Mudungaze, part of his motivation is the need to recover historically marginalized African cultural references. He explained in an interview with Global Voices: Queria trazer a identidade africana para uma arte urbana contemporânea, usando objetos que as pessoas encontram no dia a dia, num contexto em que as pessoas foram e nsinadas durante muito tempo, que muitas práticas culturais africanas foram atrasadas ou inferiores.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 405, "end": 411, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 412, "end": 421, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mudungaze"}, {"start": 567, "end": 573, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 856, "end": 865, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mudungaze"}, {"start": 1002, "end": 1015, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21479, "source_text": "Hoje várias dessas ideias regressaram do Ocidente como algo moderno. I wanted to bring African identity to contemporary urban art, using objects that people encounter on a day-to-day basis, in a context where people were taught for a long time that many African cultural practices were backward or inferior. Today, many ideas have come from the West as something modern. Many of the materials used by the artist come from industrial waste, associated with large companies and imported products. Mudungaze said he tried to establish partnerships with companies to reuse discarded materials, but found little receptiveness. By taking abandoned waste and transforming it into art pieces, exhibited in galleries and cultural spaces, the artist also develops a subtle critique of urban inequality, waste management, and the elitism of art. “We don’t produce most of this waste, but we suffer its environmental consequences,” he said. This tension between urban center and suburan periphery also shapes the Mozambican art scene. Most of the galleries and cultural centres remain concentrated in central Mozambique and the capital Maputo, making access difficult for artists and audiences from other areas.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 249, "end": 253, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 308, "end": 313, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 315, "end": 319, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 405, "end": 411, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 495, "end": 504, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mudungaze"}, {"start": 733, "end": 739, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mozambique"}, {"start": 1124, "end": 1130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Maputo"}, {"start": 1160, "end": 1167, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21480, "source_text": "As an alternative, Mudungaze has created an independent space outside the established cultural circuits. Social media has also come to play an important role in sharing his work. He explained, “Today digital platforms allow us to show our work beyond physical galleries.” Rap, environmental activism, and digital mobilization Environmental issues are also dealt with in music. For rapper and activist Osvaldo Iko MC , hip-hop can work as a tool for raising awareness of social and environmental issues. Influenced by engaged rap and the tradition of social commentary through music, Osvaldo began incorporating environmental themes into his lyrics after observing the increase in inappropriate waste disposal in public spaces. His songs deal with issues such as plastic pollution, incorrect waste disposal, urban sanitation, and collective responsibility. According to the artist, the waste scattered around the city reveals not only environmental problems, but also social inequalities and educational gaps. “The environmental crisis is also a social and cultural problem. If people are not educated about environmental responsibility, the problem will continue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 194, "end": 199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 392, "end": 400, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 401, "end": 415, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osvaldo Iko MC"}, {"start": 583, "end": 590, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osvaldo"}, {"start": 873, "end": 879, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}]}
{"unique_index": 21481, "source_text": "Trash is left in public spaces, this also reflects social problems, inequalities, and failures in collective responsibility,” he explained in an interview with Global Voices. Through music, environmental campaigns, digital content production, and waste mapping initiatives, Osvaldo seeks to engage audiences often far removed from formal debates about the environment. “Music goes everywhere — in transport, to markets [and] houses, on the streets. It can help create awareness and change behaviors,” he said. Digital activism has also become an important part of his work. With the use of photographs, geolocation, and digital platforms, environmental activists have documented sites of waste accumulation and environmental problems in different parts of the country. According to Osvaldo, social media help increase the visibility of Mozambican environmental issues and connect local activists to global debates on climate change. At the same time, the rapper argued that environmental responsibility should not fall solely on local authorities. “These technologies make it possible to educate, document, and mobilize communities. There is a tendency to only blame public institutions, but environmental responsibility also belongs to citizens,” he said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 160, "end": 173, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 274, "end": 281, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osvaldo"}, {"start": 639, "end": 662, "label": "JOB", "value": "environmental activists"}, {"start": 782, "end": 789, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osvaldo"}, {"start": 886, "end": 895, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21482, "source_text": "Between climate vulnerability and urban survival Mozambique remains one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, cyclones , floods, and failures in drainage systems and environmental management, which particularly affect urban communities with poor infrastructure and limited waste management services. In cities like Maputo, Beira and Nampula , the amount of discarded solid waste is enough to block drainage channels and exacerbate flooding during periods of heavy rain. For many artists and activists, recycling and reusing waste are not only environmental or artistic initiatives. They are also strategies for survival, climate adaptation, and community resistance. Despite the lack of stable funding, institutional support, and adequate infrastructure, these initiatives continue to grow through community networks, creativity, and collective mobilization. By transforming waste into art, furniture, educational campaigns, and tools for social mobilization, Mozambican communities are demonstrating how local solutions can help address global challenges. In a country where climate change and urban inequality intersect on a daily basis, rubbish is no longer just rubbish. For many young people, artists and activists, it has become a resource, a tool of resistance, and a possibility for the future.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 49, "end": 59, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mozambique"}, {"start": 488, "end": 492, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 493, "end": 500, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 505, "end": 514, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1141, "end": 1146, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1193, "end": 1197, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1212, "end": 1219, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 1224, "end": 1233, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21483, "source_text": "Ugandan activists make the case for ecofeminism\n\nAmid 1970s environmental threats of nuclear proliferation and pollution, the origin of the term “ecofeminism” is attributed to Françoise d’Eaubonne , a French feminist and ecologist who is said to have first used it in her 1974 work “Le Feminisme ou la Mort” (Feminism or Death), which was reprinted in October 2020 by Le Passager Clandestin. D’Eaubonne argued that the oppression of women and the exploitation of nature stemmed from a system deeply rooted in patriarchal values. D’Eaubonne’s theory is fully expounded in her 1978 work “ Écologie et féminisme. Révolution ou mutation? ” (Ecology and feminism: Revolution or mutation?), where she explains that for centuries, men have controlled the fertility of both women and the earth, but global capitalism has pushed this domination to a new extreme: life itself is now at risk. As men in power fail to address the ecological and political crisis, she contends that women must reclaim control over their fertility and build an ecological, egalitarian, and self-governing society.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 47, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Ugandan activists make the case for ecofeminism"}, {"start": 54, "end": 59, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}, {"start": 272, "end": 276, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1974"}, {"start": 352, "end": 364, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2020"}, {"start": 392, "end": 402, "label": "PERSON", "value": "D’Eaubonne"}, {"start": 575, "end": 579, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1978"}, {"start": 761, "end": 765, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 869, "end": 872, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21484, "source_text": "Ecofeminism, as a practice, was advanced beyond Europe in the 1970s as well. In 1973 , in India, women led the Chipko movement , organized to protect trees and forests from deforestation. In 1977, Kenyan activist Wangarĩ Maathai , who in 2004 became the first East and Central African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize , founded the Green Belt Movement , a grassroots organization that, working on the intersection of ecological restoration and social justice, empowers rural women to restore ecosystems and forests through nature-based enterprises. Also explored in the 1980s and 1990s , ecofeminism is becoming increasingly relevant and urgent worldwide, writes Katie Surma in an Inside Climate News article . According to Surma, women, driven by data and lived experience, are going beyond demands for greater female representation in spaces like the United Nations climate negotiations. Instead, they are calling for the dismantling of the systems they believe drive the crisis, including patriarchy, capitalism, and extractivism — the global extraction of natural resources for export.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 48, "end": 54, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 62, "end": 67, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}, {"start": 80, "end": 84, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1973"}, {"start": 90, "end": 95, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 191, "end": 195, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 204, "end": 212, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 213, "end": 228, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Wangarĩ Maathai"}, {"start": 238, "end": 242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2004"}, {"start": 334, "end": 353, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Green Belt Movement"}, {"start": 572, "end": 577, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1980s"}, {"start": 582, "end": 587, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990s"}, {"start": 665, "end": 676, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Katie Surma"}, {"start": 690, "end": 702, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Climate News"}, {"start": 726, "end": 731, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Surma"}, {"start": 855, "end": 869, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}]}
{"unique_index": 21485, "source_text": "Narrative: Women are essential to Uganda’s climate action Grassroots movements in Uganda argue that women are among the most affected by climate disasters, yet their experiences and knowledge are not considered when addressing them. For these organizations, women have better insight into potential solutions, which is why they demand that women be involved in decision-making. Rights 4 Her , a women-led organization that supports Ugandan women through advocacy, research, and education, pushes this narrative, asserting “women lead resilient communities.” In a post on X from May 2026, the organization states that women leaving informal settlements are the hardest hit by flooding, poor drainage, and waste pollution, making heavy rains a direct threat to their safety. Attached to the post are two banners pleading for “inclusive climate decisions,” where one of the messages states, “Ecofeminism is climate justice. Include women. Listen to women. Invest in women. Build resilient cities for all.” The symbolism of the images on the banner roots women to earth, highlighting the connection between the two, while highlighting the exclusion women face.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 40, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 82, "end": 88, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 385, "end": 386, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}, {"start": 571, "end": 572, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 578, "end": 586, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2026"}, {"start": 798, "end": 801, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21486, "source_text": "Girls for Climate Action , a youth-led organization addressing environmental challenges by centering young women and girls’ lived experiences and pushing for fair, resilient communities that live in balance with nature, also asserts this narrative. In a post on X in October 2025, in the context of Uganda’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP) , the organization calls for “30 percent of climate finance to be set aside for women, girls, and vulnerable communities, the people who feel the impact of climate change most deeply,” highlighting that it “should fund real solutions, support women’s leadership, and strengthen the resilience of those on the frontlines of the climate crisis.” Women’s knowledge, under this narrative, is also attached to Indigenous knowledge. Under its Climate Resilient Hubs initiative, Girls for Climate Action claims that “local and Indigenous knowledge held by women and girls about the environment is centered and valued in developing effective, community-driven solutions for climate adaptation and mitigation efforts.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 262, "end": 263, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 267, "end": 279, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 299, "end": 332, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Uganda’s National Adaptation Plan"}, {"start": 334, "end": 337, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NAP"}, {"start": 369, "end": 371, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}]}
{"unique_index": 21487, "source_text": "Ecofeminism is likewise presented as a tool for questioning power, language, and colonial legacies, as Winfred Mugambwa, Executive Director of Rights 4 Her, states during an interview on the Center for Policy Analysis ’s The Policy Digest Podcast . Other Ugandan organizations, such as the National Association of Professional Environmentalists and the Osukuru United Women Network , also advance the ecofeminist framing. The narrative is also asserted by academics such as Sheila Christine Nakkazi, Research Analyst in the Sectoral Department at the Economic Policy Research Center. The context surrounding the narrative Feminism in Uganda, as explained by Amon Ashaba Mwiine in an article published in the “Journal Agenda: Empowering women for gender equity,” has not followed a single linear path; it has evolved through interactions among feminist theory, political conditions, and activist practice — strongly influenced by postcolonial advocacy. The colonial legacy has been at the center of the criticism and self-criticism of the feminist movement in Uganda and the region. Leading African feminist and Ugandan Sylvia Tamale argues in an interview that African liberation is only possible through a decolonial Pan-African feminist lens with the Ubuntu language at its core.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 103, "end": 119, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Winfred Mugambwa"}, {"start": 121, "end": 139, "label": "JOB", "value": "Executive Director"}, {"start": 150, "end": 151, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}, {"start": 191, "end": 217, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Center for Policy Analysis"}, {"start": 221, "end": 246, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Policy Digest Podcast"}, {"start": 290, "end": 344, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Association of Professional Environmentalists"}, {"start": 353, "end": 381, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Osukuru United Women Network"}, {"start": 474, "end": 498, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheila Christine Nakkazi"}, {"start": 509, "end": 516, "label": "JOB", "value": "Analyst"}, {"start": 524, "end": 543, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sectoral Department"}, {"start": 551, "end": 582, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Economic Policy Research Center"}, {"start": 634, "end": 640, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 709, "end": 759, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Journal Agenda: Empowering women for gender equity"}, {"start": 886, "end": 894, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1065, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}]}
{"unique_index": 21488, "source_text": "This philosophy is based on the principle that human inter-relationships and inter-dependence make humans who they are. She states when referring to the feminist movement in the region that: “Being under the grip of coloniality, we keep returning to its logic, we keep returning to its processes to solve our problems. We are fooled into thinking that it’s where it will lead us to modernity and development. So, our ways of thinking, our ways of being and doing, have been captured by Eurocentric worldviews, which actually denigrate African traditional worldviews. The Ubuntu worldview reflects Africans’ understanding of the essence of humanity. It understands very well that you cannot live well if others do not.” The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda , 1995 (amended through 2018), and the Local Governments Act , 1997 (amended through 2020), set the legal framework for women’s participation in the country’s policy decision-making, establishing a mandatory one-third of local government seats and parliamentary positions for women.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 743, "end": 761, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Republic of Uganda"}, {"start": 764, "end": 768, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1995"}, {"start": 786, "end": 790, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 801, "end": 822, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Local Governments Act"}, {"start": 825, "end": 829, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1997"}, {"start": 847, "end": 851, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}]}
{"unique_index": 21489, "source_text": "According to UN Women , 22 percent of members of local deliberative bodies, 34 percent of parliamentarians, and 30 percent of ministers are women in Uganda, which doesn’t reflect the country’s demographics, as the preliminary results of the 2024 Census show 51 percent of Uganda’s population is female. In addition to the gap in representation in political institutions, women in Uganda face high levels of gender-based violence , with recent tech-facilitated violence targeting women politicians. Child marriage is another challenge, as 43 percent of Uganda’s girls are married before 18 years old, and one in four girls aged 15–18 is pregnant or has a child, according to a 2020 report . In its National State of the Environment Report 2024 , the Ugandan government listed rapid population growth, urbanization, climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion as key challenges to sustainable development. The report states that, under climate change impacts, “rising temperatures, floods, and droughts, further disrupt ecosystems’ health and agriculture,” and that “air pollution, water contamination, land degradation, and biodiversity loss are major concerns that need to be tackled.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN Women"}, {"start": 24, "end": 26, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "22"}, {"start": 76, "end": 78, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "34"}, {"start": 90, "end": 106, "label": "JOB", "value": "parliamentarians"}, {"start": 112, "end": 114, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 126, "end": 135, "label": "JOB", "value": "ministers"}, {"start": 149, "end": 155, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 241, "end": 245, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 258, "end": 260, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "51"}, {"start": 272, "end": 278, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 380, "end": 386, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 485, "end": 496, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 538, "end": 540, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "43"}, {"start": 552, "end": 558, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 586, "end": 598, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 years old"}, {"start": 604, "end": 615, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one in four"}, {"start": 627, "end": 632, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15–18"}, {"start": 676, "end": 680, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 697, "end": 737, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National State of the Environment Report"}, {"start": 738, "end": 742, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 21490, "source_text": "To address these challenges, the government of Uganda has worked and currently works with the United Nations Development Program . Critics argue that the Ugandan government’s climate policies are fundamentally contradictory, citing the East African Crude Oil Pipeline project, which they say exposes a stark gap between the government’s environmental commitments and its actions. Currently under development, the large-scale fossil fuel infrastructure project aims to move crude oil from Uganda’s Lake Albert oilfields to the Tanzanian port of Tanga for distribution to international markets. A report from Climate Rights International documents that under the Kingfisher oil development project, operated by the Chinese National Offshore Oil Company Uganda Ltd. — which is part of the East African Crude Oil Pipeline — those living near to the project “have been forcibly evicted without compensation,” “coerced into selling their land at inadequate prices,” with many reporting “threats, intimidation, and violence, including sexual violence.” Environmental activists have likewise told Human Rights Watch that “working on oil is forbidden,” explaining they have faced threats, the closing of their offices, and even detention for investigating the effects of the pipeline.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 47, "end": 53, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 69, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 94, "end": 128, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Development Program"}, {"start": 380, "end": 389, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}, {"start": 488, "end": 508, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda’s Lake Albert"}, {"start": 713, "end": 761, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Chinese National Offshore Oil Company Uganda Ltd"}, {"start": 965, "end": 969, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1046, "end": 1069, "label": "JOB", "value": "Environmental activists"}, {"start": 1089, "end": 1107, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Watch"}]}
{"unique_index": 21491, "source_text": "Human Rights Watch asserts that the crackdown on climate activists “has created a chilling environment that stifles free expression related to concerns about one of the most controversial fossil fuel projects in the world.” According to Freedom House’s Freedom in the World 2025 report , in Uganda, “Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly vulnerable to legal restrictions, burdensome registration requirements, and intimidation,” based on an extensive legal framework that includes the NGO (Amendment) Act (2024), Public Order Management Act (2013), Anti-Money Laundering Act (2013), Anti-Terrorism Act (2002), Computer Misuse (Amendment) Act (2022), and the Anti-Homosexuality Act (2023). Civil Liberties are scored 24/60 by Freedom House, with the country being classified as “not free.” Uganda held a presidential election in January 2026, where Uganda’s electoral commission declared President Yoweri Museveni the winner, securing him his seventh term. Human Rights Watch reported several irregularities in the electoral process, including authorities hindering the rights to freedom of expression and assembly.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 18, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Watch"}, {"start": 49, "end": 66, "label": "JOB", "value": "climate activists"}, {"start": 274, "end": 278, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 291, "end": 297, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 522, "end": 526, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 529, "end": 556, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Public Order Management Act"}, {"start": 558, "end": 562, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013"}, {"start": 565, "end": 590, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Anti-Money Laundering Act"}, {"start": 592, "end": 596, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013"}, {"start": 599, "end": 617, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Anti-Terrorism Act"}, {"start": 619, "end": 623, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2002"}, {"start": 659, "end": 663, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 674, "end": 696, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Anti-Homosexuality Act"}, {"start": 698, "end": 702, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 805, "end": 811, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 844, "end": 856, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2026"}, {"start": 864, "end": 870, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 903, "end": 912, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 913, "end": 928, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yoweri Museveni"}, {"start": 972, "end": 990, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Watch"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1007, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21492, "source_text": "Countless endangered species are making a comeback due to global conservation efforts\n\nAccording to a sweeping 2019 report by the United Nations’ IPBES (the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services), over 1 million species are currently on the brink of extinction. This is an alarming figure, and the death of these plants, animals, and ecosystems could have grave ecological consequences up and down the food chain. Humans have caused most of this population decline as we have destroyed animals’ habitats, polluted ecosystems, fueled global warming, and hunted some species to the brink of extinction. Scientists have been warning about human-driven extinction for over 70 years , and while many have ignored these warnings, some governments, environmentalists, and communities have stepped up and taken action to revive endangered populations and implement protections for them. In this collaborative piece, Global Voices contributors from around the world share stories of successful conservation work that revived endangered populations in their own communities. These efforts span ecosystems, geography, and species, and can offer a model for future conservation work and population revival.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Countless endangered species are making a comeback due to global conservation efforts"}, {"start": 111, "end": 115, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 130, "end": 144, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 157, "end": 198, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform"}, {"start": 202, "end": 237, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services"}, {"start": 245, "end": 254, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1 million"}, {"start": 267, "end": 276, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 644, "end": 654, "label": "JOB", "value": "Scientists"}, {"start": 712, "end": 720, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "70 years"}, {"start": 951, "end": 964, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21493, "source_text": "Wild horses return to their ancestral steppe in Central Asia The return of Przewalski’s horses from extinction in the wild to their natural habitat is a rare and inspiring success story in animal reintroduction. By the late 1960s, the world had said goodbye to these creatures, as there were none left in the wild . In contrast to the American mustangs and Australian brumbies, which are feral horses descended from domesticated animals, Przewalski’s horses are genetically and physically distinct from domestic horses, making them the only truly wild horses left in the world. Named after Russian geographer and explorer Nikolay Przewalski, who in 1878 came across an unusually large horse skull and hide during one of his expeditions in Central Asia. After inspection by the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, researchers concluded that the remains belonged to a wild horse, assigning it the official name Equus przewalski.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 48, "end": 60, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 75, "end": 85, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Przewalski"}, {"start": 219, "end": 229, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1960s"}, {"start": 438, "end": 448, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Przewalski"}, {"start": 622, "end": 640, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Nikolay Przewalski"}, {"start": 649, "end": 653, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1878"}, {"start": 739, "end": 751, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Central Asia"}, {"start": 777, "end": 794, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zoological Museum"}, {"start": 802, "end": 829, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Russian Academy of Sciences"}, {"start": 831, "end": 842, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21494, "source_text": "The desire to witness and own one of these exotic animals drove many on hunting trips to present-day Mongolia, where these horses had roamed the vast Eurasian steppe for thousands of years — though Przewalski himself failed to capture one of them alive, describing them as “highly anxious” and possessing “an extraordinary sense of smell, sight, and hearing.” Those who were more successful managed to catch only foals, which were transported to Europe and sold to zoos and private collectors. Between 1897 and 1903, 88 foals were caught in Mongolia , but only 54 survived the long journey by railroad. Eventually, only 12 gave birth in captivity, becoming ancestors of around 2,000 Przewalski’s horses alive today. In the wild, hunting, habitat loss, and competition from domestic animals for grazing grounds drove them to extinction. “It’s not uncommon for humans to tame wildlife — but it’s much rarer for them to make tame animals wild,” notes Dashpurev Tserendeleg, director of the Hustai National Park in central Mongolia, where Przewalski’s horses were first reintroduced to the wild in the early 1990s.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 68, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 101, "end": 109, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mongolia"}, {"start": 170, "end": 179, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 198, "end": 208, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Przewalski"}, {"start": 446, "end": 452, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 502, "end": 506, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1897"}, {"start": 511, "end": 515, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1903"}, {"start": 517, "end": 519, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "88"}, {"start": 541, "end": 549, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mongolia"}, {"start": 561, "end": 563, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "54"}, {"start": 620, "end": 622, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 677, "end": 682, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,000"}, {"start": 683, "end": 693, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Przewalski"}, {"start": 709, "end": 714, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 948, "end": 969, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dashpurev Tserendeleg"}, {"start": 971, "end": 979, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 987, "end": 1007, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hustai National Park"}, {"start": 1019, "end": 1027, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mongolia"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1045, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Przewalski"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1109, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 1990s"}]}
{"unique_index": 21495, "source_text": "This historic event was preceded by a decades-long breeding program by Dutch and Mongolian conservationists that started in the 1970s. The first batch of 16 takhis , as Przewalski’s horses are known in Mongolia, arrived in the Hustai National Park in 1992. As of 2026, the park’s count has risen to 450, while the total number of takhis in Mongolia has exceeded 1,000 , accounting for half of the global population . The success of the initial reintroduction program has led to the creation of two additional protected areas in Mongolia: the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area in the south and Khomiin Tal in the west, where around 650 takhis roam in the wild. Additionally, takhis have been reintroduced in China, Kazakhstan, and even Spain, proving international enthusiasm and commitment to build and grow sustainable wild populations for future generations. Women-led conservation efforts in South Asia Some of the world’s most impressive conservation work has occurred in South Asia, where governments and local citizens have banded together to protect endangered species.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 128, "end": 133, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}, {"start": 154, "end": 156, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16"}, {"start": 169, "end": 179, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Przewalski"}, {"start": 202, "end": 210, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mongolia"}, {"start": 227, "end": 247, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hustai National Park"}, {"start": 251, "end": 255, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1992"}, {"start": 263, "end": 267, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 299, "end": 302, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "450"}, {"start": 340, "end": 348, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mongolia"}, {"start": 362, "end": 367, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 385, "end": 389, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 494, "end": 497, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 528, "end": 536, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mongolia"}, {"start": 542, "end": 578, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area"}, {"start": 634, "end": 637, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "650"}, {"start": 710, "end": 715, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 717, "end": 727, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 738, "end": 743, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Spain"}, {"start": 898, "end": 908, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 979, "end": 989, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21496, "source_text": "In Nepal, a coordinated national effort between authorities, NGOs like the World Wildlife Fund, and local communities helped the country nearly triple its Bengal tiger population from just 121 individuals in 2010 to 355 by 2022, making it the first nation to meet the Global Tiger Summit’s ambitious doubling target ahead of schedule. One of the factors behind Nepal’s success is has partnered with Indigenous groups to lead conservation efforts. One example of this is the Pangolin Trail in Kathmandu’s Bagh Bhairav Community Forest, where the Small Mammals Conservation and Research Foundation built an ecotourism trail and handed it over entirely to the Indigenous Tamang community to manage. While this region was once known as a poaching hotspot, now, Indigenous women serve as citizen scientists and guardians of one of the world’s most trafficked animals, simultaneously boosting the region’s ecological profile and the local economy. Across the border in India, a different kind of conservation story is taking shape in the jungles of Assam.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 8, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 75, "end": 94, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Wildlife Fund"}, {"start": 189, "end": 192, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "121"}, {"start": 208, "end": 212, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 216, "end": 219, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "355"}, {"start": 223, "end": 227, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 361, "end": 366, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 447, "end": 450, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 492, "end": 533, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kathmandu’s Bagh Bhairav Community Forest"}, {"start": 545, "end": 595, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Small Mammals Conservation and Research Foundation"}, {"start": 752, "end": 755, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 791, "end": 801, "label": "JOB", "value": "scientists"}, {"start": 963, "end": 968, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 21497, "source_text": "At Kaziranga National Park, home to one of the world’s largest populations of one-horned rhinos, a cohort of young women from rural communities has taken up arms, literally, to defend the park against poachers and human-wildlife conflict. Known as the Van Durgas, or “ Goddesses of the Forest ,” these female forest guards patrol the park’s most vulnerable zones armed with rifles and navigating flooded terrain, charging rhinos, and nesting cobras. Their presence has had measurable results: the park recorded its last poaching case in 2021, and during the devastating July 2024 floods , the Van Durgas helped guide animals through wildlife corridors while keeping human casualties at a record low. A tenth life for big cats in Russia Rare species are almost never saved by a single program, however carefully designed. Instead, multipronged efforts are needed: education, nature reserves, scientific research, rangers, camera traps, and community support. That community involvement can take many forms, including reporting animal sightings, donating money, promoting conservation work, or simply learning to live alongside a predator.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 26, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kaziranga National Park"}, {"start": 537, "end": 541, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 570, "end": 579, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 729, "end": 735, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 994, "end": 998, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21498, "source_text": "At the beginning of the twenty-first century, only a few dozen Amur leopards remained in the wild in the Far East (Russia). Hunting them has been banned in the USSR since 1956, but that was not enough: leopards continued to die because of poaching, logging, forest fires, and a decline in food sources. Today, the situation is much better : according to camera-trap monitoring, 129 adult Amur leopards and at least 14 cubs were recorded in Primorye, Russia, in 2024. Each animal has its own pattern of spots, almost like fingerprints, so researchers can identify individual leopards with the help of camera traps and reports from local residents . There is also the Leopard Guardians program : participants become guardians of individual animals, support conservation projects, and can choose a leopard’s name. In the case of the Amur tiger, working with the people who share its habitat became a crucial part of recovery. For ecologists, the tiger is a sign of a healthy Far Eastern taiga.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 53, "end": 62, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few dozen"}, {"start": 115, "end": 121, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 171, "end": 175, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1956"}, {"start": 303, "end": 308, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 378, "end": 381, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "129"}, {"start": 415, "end": 417, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14"}, {"start": 440, "end": 448, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Primorye"}, {"start": 450, "end": 456, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 461, "end": 465, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 538, "end": 549, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21499, "source_text": "But for a local resident , a tiger may not be a symbol of nature, but a threat to dogs, livestock, or people’s livelihoods. That is why simple, practical education matters: what to do if you meet a tiger, where to report a conflict, and how to protect domestic animals. In Primorye and Khabarovsk Krai , there are teams that respond to such situations, and residents may receive compensation for livestock or dogs harmed by tigers. If people have a clear way to get help, they are less likely to decide to “deal with” the predator themselves. According to the 2021–2022 census cited by the Amur Tiger Center , there were more than 750 Amur tigers in Russia, including cubs. Behind that number are not only protected areas and hunting bans, but also NGOs, donors, rehabilitation centers, cooperation from local residents, response teams, and compensation schemes. This is the part of conservation work that helps people and rare animals share the same territory without every encounter becoming a conflict.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 560, "end": 564, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 565, "end": 569, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 590, "end": 607, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amur Tiger Center"}, {"start": 631, "end": 634, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "750"}, {"start": 650, "end": 656, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21500, "source_text": "Under the sea While much conservation work focuses on charismatic megafauna — large, popular animals that humans tend to favor, such as elephants, pandas, and tigers — aquatic ecosystems are just as, if not more important, for maintaining Earth’s biome and protecting the planet. Within the peninsulas and archipelagos of Southeast Asia, the deterioration of marine ecosystems poses one of the biggest threats to coastal livelihoods and global biodiversity. Southeast Asia’s coral reefs encompass about a third of the world’s total coral area and host roughly 76 percent of all known coral species and 37 percent of reef fish species globally, according to Asian Development Bank estimates . These reefs support keystone species, such as krill and small fish, which act as foundations for the entire marine food chain. They also act as “ blue carbon sinks ,” absorbing CO2 emissions, much like above-ground rainforests do. However, these essential ecosystems are under threat. The World Resources Institute estimates that 88–95 percent of reefs in Southeast Asia are at extreme risk of bleaching , a process in which corals expel the algae living in their tissues, indicating they are under extreme stress and near death.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 322, "end": 336, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 458, "end": 472, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}, {"start": 560, "end": 562, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "76"}, {"start": 602, "end": 604, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "37"}, {"start": 657, "end": 679, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Asian Development Bank"}, {"start": 981, "end": 1006, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "World Resources Institute"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1027, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "88–95"}, {"start": 1048, "end": 1062, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Southeast Asia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21501, "source_text": "This process releases massive amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, kills the biomes that marine life, both big and small, call home, and creates a chain effect of biological collapse that will be devastating for humans and global conservation efforts. This bleaching can be caused by rising ocean temperatures, changing ocean acidity due to pollution and runoff, increasingly extreme tides, and human activities, such as excessive boat traffic or development. Some activists estimate that 90 percent of coral reefs could disappear altogether by 2050. In the face of such a problem, some conservationists are working to simultaneously revive the reefs and repopulate the species that depend on them. Environmentalists in Indonesia are leading the way in restoring coral reefs through a method known as coral gardening , in which scuba divers cultivate coral underwater and then transplant it to dead or dying reefs. Researchers in Malaysia and Singapore are exploring innovative ways to protect corals and promote growth, including 3-D printing nourishing bases to accelerate coral growth and selectively breeding corals to enhance resilience, with the aim of creating a crop that can withstand the pressures of the climate crisis.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 101, "end": 105, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 464, "end": 473, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 488, "end": 490, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 544, "end": 548, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2050"}, {"start": 719, "end": 728, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 914, "end": 925, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 929, "end": 937, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 942, "end": 951, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}]}
{"unique_index": 21502, "source_text": "Coastal communities are also pushing back on development projects and urging their governments to implement regulations and protections that will help efforts to revive the reef. Many Pacific Island nations, such as Palau, have implemented sweeping marine conservation efforts, including creating marine sanctuaries where fishing, development, and scuba diving are restricted or banned altogether. While there is a long way to go, coastal communities in this region have made it clear that giving up is not an option. Care about sharks? Keep them off your plate Venezuela, home to the Caribbean’s longest coastline, hosts 123 shark varieties (including rays and chimeras), according to biologist Leonardo Sánchez, head of the Center for Shark Research (CIT) , a Venezuelan non-profit. However, up to 37.5 percent of shark species worldwide are critically endangered and at risk of extinction due to overfishing, according to a 2024 report by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This fact directly collides with Venezuelan culture, as meat from shark pups (commonly called cazón in Spanish) is one of the cornerstones of local coastal cuisine.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 179, "end": 183, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 184, "end": 198, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific Island"}, {"start": 216, "end": 221, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Palau"}, {"start": 562, "end": 571, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 585, "end": 594, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 622, "end": 625, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "123"}, {"start": 726, "end": 751, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Center for Shark Research"}, {"start": 753, "end": 756, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CIT"}, {"start": 800, "end": 804, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "37.5"}, {"start": 927, "end": 931, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 946, "end": 992, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Union for Conservation of Nature"}]}
{"unique_index": 21503, "source_text": "Making empanadas de cazón — cheap fried turnovers consisting of pastry and shark filling — is a trusted source of income for many lower-income families, especially women. Cazón meat can also be found in other coastal countries in the Americas, such as Mexico. CIT and other local organizations, such as Proyecto Tintorera , jointly raised their voices in support of sharks in April 2026 with a call to Venezuelan consumers: “Stop eating cazón.” Surprisingly, the campaign was also echoed by major local outlets and gained traction among social media users. “Cazón meat comes from juvenile, non-mature sharks (several species). They have long gestational periods with few pups and cannot be replaced after intensive fishing. Rays [also eaten in the country] should not replace their consumption, for they are very similar to sharks. They only breed every two years,” said Sánchez in a CIT post . “If they are gone, what will the people who make a living by making empanadas do?” The specialist proposes replacing meat from sharks and rays with that of other, more populous species.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 125, "end": 129, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 252, "end": 258, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 376, "end": 386, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 609, "end": 616, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 667, "end": 670, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 854, "end": 863, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years"}, {"start": 982, "end": 992, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialist"}]}
{"unique_index": 21504, "source_text": "Some renowned local chefs, such as Daniel Torrealba , are already following this advice and do not incorporate cazón or ray meat into their culinary offerings, as noted by El Estímulo. Torrealba explains his decision: El cazón y la raya (otra especie en peligro) están muy por encima de la cadena alimenticia en los océanos y su extinción le haría mucho daño a ese ecosistema. The cazón and the raya (another endangered species) sit very high on the ocean food chain, and their extinction would cause significant harm to that ecosystem. To date, the Venezuelan government has not commented on the CIT’s campaign. The cases of cazóns, Bengal tigers, Przewalski’s horses, and other animals referenced in this piece highlight that making true progress in conservation and repopulation isn’t just a matter of implementing top-down restrictions. Success requires education, community involvement, research, and behavioral and societal change — and these cases have demonstrated that that change is possible. These success stories are a model for community-rooted conservation that could help other countries and regions rebuild their withering ecosystems.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 20, "end": 25, "label": "JOB", "value": "chefs"}, {"start": 649, "end": 659, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Przewalski"}]}
{"unique_index": 21505, "source_text": "AI cameras are surveilling the roads in Dhaka, Bangladesh\n\nFor years, there was a familiar routine for those who broke a traffic rule in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a brief standoff with a traffic officer, a word or two of pleading, sometimes a quiet handover of cash (a bribe). Other times, drivers simply slipped past unnoticed. Those days may now be coming to an end. Since May 7, 2026, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered traffic cameras have gone live on Dhaka’s main roads. Installed by the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) at key signal crossings and intersections, these cameras run on software officially called the “ AI-Based Road Transport Act 2018 Violation Detection System .” When a driver breaks the rules, a notice lands on the vehicle owner’s phone within hours. This marks the first time Bangladesh has deployed a fully automated digital traffic enforcement system, one that files cases without any human involvement. How the AI camera system works When a vehicle runs a red light, crosses the stop line, or blocks the left lane, an AI camera automatically scans the number plate and generates a case on the spot.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 57, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI cameras are surveilling the roads in Dhaka, Bangladesh"}, {"start": 137, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 144, "end": 154, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 188, "end": 195, "label": "JOB", "value": "officer"}, {"start": 283, "end": 290, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}, {"start": 337, "end": 340, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 368, "end": 379, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2026"}, {"start": 452, "end": 457, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 489, "end": 514, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dhaka Metropolitan Police"}, {"start": 516, "end": 519, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DMP"}, {"start": 618, "end": 645, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "AI-Based Road Transport Act"}, {"start": 688, "end": 694, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 797, "end": 807, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 21506, "source_text": "The software records a few seconds of video footage, cross-references it with the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) database to identify the vehicle owner, and sends a prosecution notice to their address. In other words, run a red light or drive the wrong way, and the evidence, along with a formal case notice, goes straight to the vehicle owner. Those who receive notices can also view the video of their own violation online. Former head of the Police Special Branch, Golam Rasul, wrote in a Facebook post : “During the day, you might be able to talk your way out of a ticket with a traffic sergeant, put in a word, make a call, or if you’re bold enough, drop the name of some influential uncle. But this AI camera has no mind, no feelings, no mercy, and it doesn’t scare easily. It only knows two things: the rules, and your number plate.” DMP has confirmed that cameras are currently active at five major intersections, and installations are underway in additional areas.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 34, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few seconds"}, {"start": 82, "end": 117, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Road Transport Authority"}, {"start": 119, "end": 123, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BRTA"}, {"start": 457, "end": 478, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Police Special Branch"}, {"start": 480, "end": 491, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Golam Rasul"}, {"start": 504, "end": 512, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 806, "end": 809, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 853, "end": 856, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DMP"}, {"start": 888, "end": 897, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 908, "end": 912, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}]}
{"unique_index": 21507, "source_text": "Over 1,000 cases in 10 days, thousands more expected According to the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) , the sophisticated traffic signals and e-prosecution platform have generated around 1,000 traffic cases since their launch on May 7. DMP aims to achieve fully automated case filing within six months across Dhaka, largely removing the need for manual case filing by traffic sergeants or inspectors. Any violation of traffic or motor transport laws, anywhere in the city, will trigger an automatic case and fine. DMP has announced plans to install cameras at a minimum of 500 points across the capital within the next six months. There’s another catch worth knowing: regardless of who is driving the car when a mistake is made, the case will be filed against the vehicle’s owner. Whether you drive your own car or hand the wheel to another driver, the penalty points will be deducted from the owner’s driving license. Under BRTA rules , every driver is given 12 points under their license; once those points run out, the license gets canceled.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 10, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 20, "end": 27, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 days"}, {"start": 29, "end": 38, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 70, "end": 95, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dhaka Metropolitan Police"}, {"start": 97, "end": 100, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DMP"}, {"start": 187, "end": 192, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,000"}, {"start": 229, "end": 234, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7"}, {"start": 236, "end": 239, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DMP"}, {"start": 291, "end": 301, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "six months"}, {"start": 309, "end": 314, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 514, "end": 517, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DMP"}, {"start": 573, "end": 576, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "500"}, {"start": 614, "end": 629, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next six months"}, {"start": 841, "end": 847, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 944, "end": 950, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 960, "end": 962, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}]}
{"unique_index": 21508, "source_text": "Mixed reactions on Facebook traffic groups The Facebook groups Traffic Alert (over 447,000 subscribers) and Dhaka Traffic Update (37,300 subscribers) have been buzzing with debate since the cameras went live. Many are genuinely pleased. Osman Gani , who works as a private driver, said: “People used to be careless about seat belts, but now that violations automatically trigger cases, everyone is forced to comply. When drivers follow the rules, the road feels a little safer.” But criticisms are also plentiful. In the Dhaka Traffic Alert group, one user named Ismail Hossain wrote : AI cameras are catching ordinary people’s cars at signals… fine. But what about local buses picking up passengers in the middle of the road? Rickshaws going the wrong way? Buses belching black smoke without fitness certificates? Transport blocking the road with no designated stops? When does the camera become ‘automatic’ for them? If there’s a law, it should apply to everyone. Catching only private cars and bikes doesn’t make a ‘smart traffic’ system.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 27, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 47, "end": 55, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 63, "end": 76, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Traffic Alert"}, {"start": 83, "end": 90, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "447,000"}, {"start": 108, "end": 128, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Dhaka Traffic Update"}, {"start": 130, "end": 136, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "37,300"}, {"start": 237, "end": 247, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Osman Gani"}, {"start": 273, "end": 279, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 337, "end": 340, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 421, "end": 428, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}, {"start": 521, "end": 526, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 527, "end": 540, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Traffic Alert"}, {"start": 548, "end": 551, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 563, "end": 577, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ismail Hossain"}]}
{"unique_index": 21509, "source_text": "If the biggest troublemakers on the road are ignored, people won’t question just the AI — they’ll question the entire system. Another user, Omar Faruk, raised a different concern : “Pedestrians don't follow signals either. While vehicles get a green light, pedestrians still cross, which forces cars near the front to inch forward and stop. If the camera targets those cars, why should the owner bear the blame?” On a more encouraging note, a user named BrilliantAlligator9993 shared a photo taken at 5:15 a.m. at Banglamotor and Karwan Bazar, showing drivers actually obeying traffic lights at that early hour. The caption read: “Glad to see people have actually listened and are following the traffic lights. Really want to see how DMP Traffic deals with the buses, CNGs [natural gas tankers], and auto-rickshaws.” The emergence of scammers has also alarmed people. Fraudsters have been calling vehicle owners , falsely claiming they were caught violating traffic laws, and demanding money. DMP has warned the public that no fine should ever be paid to an individual, only through official banking channels.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 454, "end": 476, "label": "PERSON", "value": "BrilliantAlligator9993"}, {"start": 501, "end": 510, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "5:15 a.m."}, {"start": 552, "end": 559, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}, {"start": 734, "end": 737, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DMP"}, {"start": 993, "end": 996, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DMP"}]}
{"unique_index": 21510, "source_text": "Another incident briefly went viral: a photo circulating online appeared to show an AI camera stolen from a 300-foot stretch of road. The X account Voice of Gen-Z posted: Some people are removing and taking away the state-of-the-art AI cameras installed across the country. This is a scene from a camera on a 300-foot road in Dhaka. The entire system has been taken away. It later turned out the camera had not been stolen at all, it had fallen and broken in strong winds. The object in question was also a traffic light, not an AI camera. Battery-powered rickshaws: The question the AI can’t answer The biggest challenge for Dhaka's AI cameras may not be drivers who disobey the rules; it may be the vehicles the system simply cannot see. Read more: How to stop battery-operated rickshaws from causing new problems on Dhaka's roads Unregistered manual and battery-powered rickshaws flood the city’s lanes and main roads in enormous numbers, operating entirely outside the law with no registration and no license plates.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 138, "end": 139, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 148, "end": 162, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Voice of Gen-Z"}, {"start": 326, "end": 331, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 626, "end": 631, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 656, "end": 663, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}, {"start": 819, "end": 824, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}]}
{"unique_index": 21511, "source_text": "The AI camera system’s entire mechanism depends on scanning plates and matching them to the BRTA database. A vehicle with no plate is, for all practical purposes, invisible to it. DMP and the government have yet to offer any clear explanation of how these vehicles will be handled under the new system. The question keeps emerging on Facebook traffic groups, and so far, it remains unanswered. Professor B M Mainul Hossain, Director of the Institute of Information Technology (IIT) at the University of Dhaka, told Global Voices via telephone: The success of this initiative will depend on a few key things: system transparency, the right to appeal, and above all, a clear policy on unregistered vehicles. AI cameras are undoubtedly an option to explore towards restoring order on Dhaka’s roads. But technology alone is not enough. What's also needed is a comprehensive reform of the entire transport management system. Dhaka’s roads are now under the watch of AI. The real question is whether that watch will be fair, and whether it will look equally at everyone.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 180, "end": 183, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DMP"}, {"start": 334, "end": 342, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 394, "end": 403, "label": "JOB", "value": "Professor"}, {"start": 404, "end": 422, "label": "PERSON", "value": "B M Mainul Hossain"}, {"start": 424, "end": 432, "label": "JOB", "value": "Director"}, {"start": 440, "end": 475, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Institute of Information Technology"}, {"start": 477, "end": 480, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IIT"}, {"start": 489, "end": 508, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Dhaka"}, {"start": 515, "end": 528, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 592, "end": 595, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 781, "end": 786, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 920, "end": 925, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 938, "end": 941, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21520, "source_text": "The daughters who were raised to be everything under China’s one-child policy\n\nZiyu, born in 2002, still remembers the first time her mother asked whether she wanted a younger sibling. It was sometime in middle school, shortly after China loosened its birth restrictions. “I was already buried under academic pressure, emotionally dependent on my mother in the way many anxious only children are. My mother brought it up casually, half-joking: “What if we had another baby?” She answered with shocking seriousness. “You can only choose one,” she told her. “Either them or me.” Ziyu does not think she literally meant that she would rather die than accept a sibling. What stayed with her was the fear behind it. At that age, her mother’s attention felt inseparable from survival. The idea of sharing it felt catastrophic. When China ended the One-Child Policy in 2015, the shift was often described in demographic terms: declining birth rates, an aging population, and a policy adjustment to encourage more births. For women born under the policy, its impact was far more intimate. It shaped how families distributed love and resources, and how young women came to understand their place within the family.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The daughters who were raised to be everything under China’s one-child policy"}, {"start": 79, "end": 83, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ziyu"}, {"start": 93, "end": 97, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2002"}, {"start": 233, "end": 238, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 365, "end": 369, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 577, "end": 581, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ziyu"}, {"start": 826, "end": 831, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 842, "end": 858, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "One-Child Policy"}, {"start": 862, "end": 866, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}]}
{"unique_index": 21521, "source_text": "But the fear of being replaced coexisted with another truth: for much of her childhood, Ziyu had never felt lonely. “I grew up alongside my cousin, who was more like a younger brother.” Adults constantly reminded her that she was “the older sister,” someone responsible, caring, dependable. She valued the companionship. What unsettled her was the possibility of being replaced. That tension — between emotional abundance and emotional scarcity — sits at the center of many only daughters’ experiences. Center of a household We were raised as the center of the household. Then, suddenly, we were told we might not be anymore. China’s One-Child Policy, introduced nationally in 1979, reshaped family life beyond the three decades during which it was implemented. Its most visible effects — population aging, a skewed sex ratio , and the emergence of the so-called “4-2-1’ family structure in which one child may eventually support two parents and four grandparents — have been extensively documented . Its quieter consequences are embedded in everyday relationships: it changed how families imagined responsibility. It shaped expectations about attention, sacrifice, and continuity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 88, "end": 92, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ziyu"}, {"start": 469, "end": 473, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 626, "end": 650, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "China’s One-Child Policy"}, {"start": 677, "end": 681, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1979"}, {"start": 715, "end": 728, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three decades"}, {"start": 897, "end": 900, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 930, "end": 933, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 946, "end": 950, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}]}
{"unique_index": 21522, "source_text": "For many urban girls, the policy created a generation that received levels of investment once reserved for sons : education, property, and sustained parental attention. Many of us grew up simultaneously privileged and burdened. “I was treated almost like a son,” said C. Her parents invested heavily in her education and expected her to succeed academically. “You had self-esteem. Your family believed you deserved good schools, a good career, even property.” That attention shaped opportunity. It also shaped expectations. For some women, being an only daughter meant becoming the emotional center of an extended family. X described herself as growing up “under a spotlight.” Her grandparents rotated childcare around her; relatives treated her as uniquely precious. That attention carried a weight of its own. “I didn’t want to share the love,” she said. “Maybe that reflects a flaw in how we were educated — the idea that love has a limited quantity.” Attention could feel like protection. It could also feel like surveillance. For myself, some of the most persistent forms of control appeared in small, ordinary moments.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21523, "source_text": "My mother paid close attention to how I dressed, whether I kept my bangs tidy, and the condition of my skin. A new pimple could become a topic of concern. At the time, it did not register as control. It felt like care — the kind that presents itself as worry, responsibility, and wanting the best. But over time, those small interventions accumulated into something else. The weight of ‘one’ There was a constant sense of being watched, of being adjusted. Decisions that might have felt inconsequential — how I looked, what I studied, what kind of future I should pursue — were often framed as matters that involved the whole family. The boundaries between what belonged to me and what belonged to them were never clearly defined. This intensity is difficult to separate from the structure of being an only child. When all attention converges on one person, there is no space for it to disperse. Concern becomes focus. Focus becomes pressure. We are told we are valued, that we are worth investing in, and that we should become someone significant.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 846, "end": 849, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21524, "source_text": "At the same time, we are continuously shaped, corrected, and pulled back into alignment. It is a form of closeness that can feel both protective and suffocating. We were raised inside a paradox. Many of us absorbed adult anxieties long before we fully understood them. “I already knew that resources were finite at a very young age,” X told me. “Another sibling would not simply mean another relationship. It would reshape how attention, money, and expectations were distributed.” Caregiving hovered in the background of these realizations. Earlier this year, Ziyu’s grandfather was hospitalized. Her father and uncle alternated nights at the hospital. “Watching them, I suddenly understood something I had resisted for years,” she said. “Siblings can distribute burden.” The insight was unsettling. It introduced a possibility she had long rejected: that having another sibling could ease future eldercare responsibility. At the same time, she felt resistance to the idea that children exist partly to absorb family labor. Even when not explicitly stated, that expectation remains present in many families. Only daughters grow up aware of this tension. They are encouraged to succeed and become independent.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 549, "end": 558, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 560, "end": 564, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ziyu"}, {"start": 1093, "end": 1097, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21525, "source_text": "They are also positioned as the person who will eventually step in when needed. In many families, the only daughter becomes the default plan for the future. That expectation becomes more visible as parents age. Yuning described how her parents supported her move to Beijing for better career opportunities, while also expressing a quiet hope that she would eventually return home. “They say they don’t expect me to support them upon their retirement (养老),” she said, “but emotionally they still hope you’ll come back and stay close.” The contradiction intensifies over time. Ziyu’s mother has recently begun experiencing health issues. Watching her parents care for each other has led her to think about what comes next: how she will balance work, geography, and responsibility; whether she will be able to provide care, and whether she will be alone in doing so. These questions do not have clear answers. They remain present, shaping decisions before they are even made. The legacies of the one-child policy Discussions about only daughters in China often focus on practical concerns: inheritance, property, and financial security.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 83, "end": 87, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 211, "end": 217, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Yuning"}, {"start": 575, "end": 579, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ziyu"}, {"start": 1046, "end": 1051, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}]}
{"unique_index": 21526, "source_text": "Online debates frequently center on fears that family assets will shift to a husband’s family through marriage, or that parents without sons will face vulnerability in old age. Beneath these discussions lies a more complex emotional reality. For many only daughters, personal decisions are tied to the continuity of the family. Marriage becomes more than a relationship between two individuals. It carries implications about lineage, caregiving, and belonging. Some women hesitate because they anticipate unequal expectations and distributions of labor within heterosexual marriage. Many queer individuals find it difficult to share their sexual orientation with their families, aware that their choices are interpreted through the lens of family continuity. Yuning, who is bisexual, told me she has never been able to speak openly with her parents about her sexual orientation. Similar concerns surfaced in my conversations with Ziyu, who identifies as straight. “They can accept many things,” she said, “but not this.” Her mother once described same-sex relationships as something she could not emotionally process; her father avoided the topic altogether. What makes the pressure difficult to articulate is that it rarely appears as a direct demand.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 246, "end": 250, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 378, "end": 381, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 583, "end": 587, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 930, "end": 934, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ziyu"}, {"start": 981, "end": 985, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21527, "source_text": "Instead, it is embedded in the structure of the family itself. X, who is also bisexual, told me that her parents expressed tolerance toward LGBTQ+ people in general, but reacted very differently when the possibility involved their own daughter. “For other people, they can understand and respect it,” she said. “For me, absolutely not.” As their only child, she felt that her choices carried implications far beyond herself. Her father often reminded her that she was the only hope for carrying on the family line. The burden is never articulated as an obligation, yet it lingers beneath the surface: if one person is responsible for carrying on a lineage, then every personal decision begins to feel like a family decision. X described a former partner who had a younger brother. “She didn’t feel the same pressure as I did,” she said. “Even if she made choices her parents didn’t like, there was still someone else.” The difference was not simply about acceptance. It was about how much was at stake. “I know I should just live my own life,” she said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 604, "end": 607, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21528, "source_text": "“But it’s not that simple when you’re the only one.” To remain single, to leave home, to choose a partner, or to choose none at all — each of these decisions is shaped by an awareness of how it will affect the family. A world of opportunity At the same time, many only daughters recognize the opportunities the policy made possible. Without siblings competing for investment, many gained access to education, international mobility, and financial support. Some inherited property that might otherwise have been distributed differently. These advantages created space for new possibilities. They also introduced a sense of responsibility. “You grow up feeling like you have to justify their sacrifice,” X told me. That feeling persists into adulthood. Women in their twenties and thirties often describe a sense of being caught between independence and obligation. They are building their own lives while anticipating future responsibilities. They are expected to make decisions about careers, relationships, and location while keeping their families’ needs in mind. This produces a diffuse, ongoing anxiety that is difficult to name. The One-Child Policy reshaped more than population structure.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 259, "end": 263, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 376, "end": 380, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1134, "end": 1154, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The One-Child Policy"}]}
{"unique_index": 21529, "source_text": "It altered how families organize care, expectation, and emotional connection. It produced a generation of women who are highly educated, closely tied to their families, and deeply aware of the responsibilities placed upon them. Many of them carry a quiet fear of being absorbed by those responsibilities. Today, as China encourages women to marry and have more children, only daughters occupy an uncertain position. They were raised as singular children. They are now navigating a social environment that increasingly emphasizes traditional family roles. Many are still trying to determine how to balance independence with responsibility, distance with closeness, and personal choice with family expectation. When I was younger, I did not think of myself as shaped by a policy. I experienced it through moments that felt personal, even accidental. But now, I often return to the question of what it means to write this story at all. The ability to reflect on these dynamics — to articulate them, to step back from them — is itself a result of the system that shaped us. That concentration of resources shaped my life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 305, "end": 310, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 315, "end": 320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 464, "end": 467, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 852, "end": 855, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21530, "source_text": "It created possibilities, while also marking the paths that never unfolded. There were two times when my mother became pregnant again after the one-child policy loosened. Both ended in miscarriage. At the time, I understood them only as things that had happened to her. They did not feel connected to me. Only later did I begin to see those moments differently, as points where the structure of our family might have shifted. If there had been another child, especially a son, the distribution of attention, money, and expectation would have changed. The path that eventually brought me to New York — to study, to write in English, and to move across languages and contexts — would likely not have existed in the same form. The One-Child Policy is often remembered through statistics: birth rates, population decline, demographic imbalance. But for many women of my generation, its legacy lives on in quieter questions: who received the family’s resources, who inherited its expectations, and who is now expected to carry its future. We were raised as only daughters. We were also raised to be everything.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 87, "end": 90, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 171, "end": 175, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 724, "end": 744, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The One-Child Policy"}, {"start": 849, "end": 853, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1003, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21531, "source_text": "Cinemas offer a platform for stories of resistance amid shrinking civic spaces in Africa\n\nAcross Africa, civic space is shrinking. Governments are increasingly using legal frameworks, internet shutdowns, and censorship to silence dissent, restrict press freedom , and criminalize activism. Across the continent, the ability of ordinary citizens to document, resist, and speak out is under constant pressure. In this context, unconventional advocacy tools, including film, are gaining traction among human rights defenders seeking to bypass traditional gatekeepers and reach a wider audience. Can a film festival achieve what NGO reports, legal action, and protests sometimes fail to do: shift the narrative, strengthen solidarity, and hold those in power accountable? The Africa International Human Rights Film Festival (AIHRFF), now in its fifth edition, proves just that. Organized by the Human Rights Journalists Network Nigeria and scheduled for December 8–10, 2026, under the theme “Stories of Resistance,” the festival sits at an increasingly contested crossroads: storytelling and advocacy, editorial independence and institutional partnerships, between the promise of cinematic impact and the more difficult question of measurable change.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Cinemas offer a platform for stories of resistance amid shrinking civic spaces in Africa"}, {"start": 97, "end": 103, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 499, "end": 521, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 772, "end": 778, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 821, "end": 827, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 830, "end": 833, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 891, "end": 931, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Journalists Network Nigeria"}, {"start": 950, "end": 960, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 8"}, {"start": 961, "end": 963, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 965, "end": 969, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 21532, "source_text": "Global Voices spoke with Executive Director Kehinde Adegboyega about the goals of this year’s festival and what the organizers are still striving to achieve. Jean Sovon (JS): As we approach the fifth edition of this human rights film festival in Africa, what makes AIHRFF the right vehicle for this mission? What justifies a Nigerian journalists’ organization claiming this role rather than more established film institutions or human rights NGOs? Kehinde Adegboyega (KA) : The Africa International Human Rights Film Festival (AIHRFF) emerged from a recognition that storytelling, journalism, human rights advocacy, and civic engagement are deeply interconnected. While film institutions excel at promoting cinema and human rights organizations focus on advocacy and service delivery, AIHRFF sits at the intersection of these fields. The Human Rights Journalists Network Nigeria brings a unique perspective rooted in documentation, public accountability, freedom of expression, and access to information. Our members understand the power of narratives to influence public opinion, policy debates, and social change. AIHRFF was therefore conceived not simply as a film festival, but as a platform where filmmakers, journalists, activists, policymakers, academics, and citizens can engage in dialogue around issues that affect people’s lives.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 13, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 44, "end": 62, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kehinde Adegboyega"}, {"start": 82, "end": 91, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 116, "end": 126, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 158, "end": 168, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jean Sovon"}, {"start": 246, "end": 252, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 265, "end": 271, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 334, "end": 345, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 448, "end": 466, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kehinde Adegboyega"}, {"start": 478, "end": 484, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 527, "end": 533, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 785, "end": 791, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 838, "end": 878, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Human Rights Journalists Network Nigeria"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1122, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 1202, "end": 1212, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmakers"}, {"start": 1214, "end": 1225, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1227, "end": 1236, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21533, "source_text": "Over four editions, the festival has demonstrated its ability to convene diverse stakeholders, foster difficult conversations, and create opportunities for learning, advocacy, and collaboration. Rather than competing with film institutions or NGOs, AIHRFF complements their work by providing a space where storytelling becomes a catalyst for civic engagement and social reflection. JS: Beyond screenings, can you cite a concrete case where a film presented at AIHRFF contributed to a measurable change? KA : AIHRFF does not claim that a single screening directly results in a policy change or legal outcome. Social and political change is usually the product of sustained efforts by many actors over time. However, the festival has consistently served as a convening platform that connects filmmakers, advocates, policymakers, journalists, and affected communities. For example, screenings on gender-based violence, digital rights, and civic freedoms have been followed by structured discussions and partnerships with advocacy organizations that have used the films as educational and mobilization tools beyond the festival. Our impact is best understood as contributing to awareness, agenda-setting, coalition-building, and public engagement.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 9, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 249, "end": 255, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 460, "end": 466, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 508, "end": 514, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 683, "end": 687, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 790, "end": 800, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmakers"}, {"start": 827, "end": 838, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21534, "source_text": "We continue to strengthen our monitoring and evaluation framework so that future editions can better document downstream outcomes and policy influence. JS: This year’s theme is “Stories of Resistance.” Resistance against whom, exactly? Some African governments may feel directly targeted. How does AIHRFF navigate between editorial freedom and diplomatic constraints in host countries? KA : For AIHRFF, ‘Stories of Resistance’ refers broadly to the human capacity to respond to injustice, exclusion, discrimination, violence, censorship, environmental degradation, inequality, and other threats to human dignity. Resistance is not directed at any particular government, institution, or political actor. It encompasses the experiences of individuals and communities who seek peaceful and lawful ways to defend rights, preserve culture, strengthen democracy, and improve social conditions. The festival is committed to editorial independence while maintaining a constructive and inclusive approach. We encourage dialogue rather than polarization. Our objective is to create spaces where diverse perspectives can be heard and discussed responsibly, in line with international human rights principles and democratic values. JS: The festival is open to filmmakers worldwide. In practice, what proportion of selected films actually come from Africa?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 156, "end": 165, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This year"}, {"start": 298, "end": 304, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 395, "end": 401, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 1248, "end": 1258, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmakers"}, {"start": 1336, "end": 1342, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21535, "source_text": "Is there a risk of reproducing an outside gaze on the continent rather than genuinely amplifying African voices? KA : African voices remain at the heart of AIHRFF. While we welcome submissions from around the world because human rights challenges are global, our programming intentionally prioritizes African stories, African filmmakers, and issues affecting African communities. International films provide opportunities for comparative learning and solidarity across regions, but they do not define the festival’s identity. Our curatorial approach seeks to ensure that African perspectives are not merely represented but centered. As the festival grows, we are increasingly investing in emerging African filmmakers, youth storytellers, and underrepresented voices from across the continent. Our long-term ambition is to strengthen African storytelling ecosystems while maintaining global engagement. JS: The festival lists digital rights among its themes. Yet several African governments, including Nigeria, have practiced internet shutdowns and mass surveillance. How does the festival address violations committed by its own partner or host states? KA : AIHRFF approaches digital rights from a rights-based perspective that is independent of governments, corporations, and political interests.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 156, "end": 162, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 326, "end": 336, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmakers"}, {"start": 706, "end": 716, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmakers"}, {"start": 962, "end": 969, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1008, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1164, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}]}
{"unique_index": 21536, "source_text": "The festival provides space for discussions on internet freedom, privacy, surveillance, online safety, digital inclusion, and freedom of expression regardless of where violations occur. These conversations often include civil society actors, researchers, journalists, policymakers, and technical experts. Partnerships with institutions do not determine the content of discussions or the themes selected for the festival. We believe that constructive engagement requires the ability to discuss difficult issues openly and respectfully, including challenges within our own societies. JS: Who finances AIHRFF? And how does that potential dependency guarantee, or threaten, the editorial independence of your selections? KA : AIHRFF operates through a diversified partnership model that has included support from international organizations, cultural institutions, civil society partners, foundations, and private sector actors. The festival’s editorial decisions are guided by its mission and curatorial principles rather than by the preferences of individual sponsors or partners. We deliberately seek a diversity of funding sources to reduce dependence on any single institution. Editorial independence is essential to the credibility of the festival.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 242, "end": 253, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 255, "end": 266, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 599, "end": 605, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}, {"start": 722, "end": 728, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}]}
{"unique_index": 21537, "source_text": "Our partnerships are built around shared commitments to human rights, dialogue, creativity, and public engagement, while programming decisions remain the responsibility of the festival organizers and curatorial team. JS: What happens to these films after closing night? Is there a mechanism to keep them circulating in communities without access to cinemas, or to reach courtrooms, parliaments, and classrooms where they could actually drive change? KA : This is an important question and one we continue to develop. The festival is not intended to be a stand-alone event but part of a broader ecosystem of engagement. Beyond the festival, we seek opportunities to collaborate with schools, universities, civil society organizations, media outlets, and community groups to extend the reach of selected films. We are also exploring the development of year-round screening initiatives, educational partnerships, digital engagement campaigns, and thematic outreach activities that bring films into classrooms, community spaces, and policy discussions. Our vision is for AIHRFF to evolve from an annual festival into a sustained platform for human rights education, storytelling, and civic dialogue that remains active throughout the year.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 185, "end": 195, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 489, "end": 492, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1067, "end": 1073, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AIHRFF"}]}
{"unique_index": 21538, "source_text": "Migrant workers in the Gulf states: They came to build cities, not to be buried in them\n\nIn March this year, life in the Gulf began to feel unusually fragile. News alerts interrupted ordinary evenings. Rumours travelled faster than reassurance. Missiles, drones, airspace closures, and political tensions suddenly became part of everyday conversations. For many families living in the region, especially migrants far away from their homelands, uncertainty settled quietly into daily life. Even simple routines changed. People stepped outside more cautiously. Parents followed the news more closely. Phone calls home became longer, softer, heavier. From our apartment window in Doha, I would often see workers gathered in small groups after long shifts. Men in faded uniforms, their faces marked by heat, dust, and exhaustion. Some sat on pavements. Some leaned silently against construction barriers. Others rested on curbs before heading back to crowded accommodations after building cities they may never truly belong to. My younger daughter, Maryam, watched them carefully. “Are they tired after working all day?” she asked. “Do they miss their families?” Then, after overhearing fragments of conversations about conflict and uncertainty, her questions deepened. “Are those workers, security officers, and food delivery boys safe outside?” I did not always have answers. But her questions stayed with me. Children notice what adults often overlook.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 87, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Migrant workers in the Gulf states: They came to build cities, not to be buried in them"}, {"start": 98, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 117, "end": 125, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "the Gulf"}, {"start": 357, "end": 361, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 477, "end": 482, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1295, "end": 1303, "label": "JOB", "value": "officers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21539, "source_text": "They see the delivery rider waiting at a traffic signal. The cleaner sweeping empty corridors in silent buildings. The security guard standing alone outside even after midnight. Their world has not yet been divided into categories of importance and invisibility. And perhaps that is why her questions unsettled me. Because behind every construction helmet, every delivery bike, every maintenance uniform in the Gulf, there is usually another story unfolding somewhere far away. That is of a mother waiting for a phone call, a wife carrying responsibilities alone, children receiving a father’s love through video calls and the whole family getting dependent on money transfers. Most migrant workers do not leave home searching for luxury. They leave searching for relief. Relief from debt. From unemployment. From hunger. From the slow suffocation of poverty. They come from villages and small towns across Asia and Africa where opportunities are scarce and survival itself demands sacrifice. They carry photographs in worn wallets and promises in tired hearts. Some dream of educating a daughter. Some hope to build a modest house. Some simply want their parents to grow old without financial fear. They come to the Gulf to build. To raise towers from sand. To lay roads like ribbons across deserts. To clean glass buildings that touch the clouds.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 168, "end": 176, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "midnight"}, {"start": 407, "end": 415, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "the Gulf"}, {"start": 907, "end": 911, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Asia"}, {"start": 916, "end": 922, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1213, "end": 1221, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "the Gulf"}]}
{"unique_index": 21540, "source_text": "To deliver comfort to homes while living far away from their own. But many never imagined that they could also become victims of conflicts that were never theirs. In recent strikes across the region, many migrant workers were among those who lost their lives. Some died quietly, without headlines large enough to hold their stories. A few lines in the news. A brief mention of casualties. Then the world moved on. But somewhere far away, families did not move on. A mother collapsed hearing that the son who crossed oceans to support her would now return in a coffin. A wife stared at a silent phone, waiting for a call that would never come again. Children too young to understand geopolitics suddenly learned the meaning of permanent absence. For many migrant families, the worker is not just a breadwinner. He is the bridge holding the entire family above poverty. One salary often feeds parents, educates siblings, pays debts, supports children, and sustains entire households spread across continents. When such a worker dies, it is not one life that collapses. It is many.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 74, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 200, "end": 204, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 335, "end": 338, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 544, "end": 547, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 749, "end": 753, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 868, "end": 871, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 1042, "end": 1045, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21541, "source_text": "And what makes the tragedy even heavier is its cruel irony. These workers came to build cities, not to be buried beneath them. They came carrying tools, not weapons. Dreams, not danger. Hope, not hatred. Yet in moments of conflict, they become the most vulnerable people under the same sky. When missiles cross borders and drones dominate headlines, powerful nations speak the language of strategy. Ordinary workers speak the language of survival. Delivery riders still ride through uncertain streets. Construction workers still climb scaffolding beneath uneasy skies. Security guards still stand through long shifts while their families back home watch frightening news coverage and wonder if their loved ones are safe. The world often speaks about war through maps, military calculations, and political speeches. But ordinary people experience conflict differently. Conflict arrives as interrupted sleep. As anxious phone calls. As mothers refreshing news feeds with trembling hands. As children asking questions adults cannot answer. As workers pretending calm while carrying invisible fear. The tragedy of modern conflict is not limited to battlefields. Its shadows travel far beyond borders. They slip quietly into kitchens, classrooms, labour camps, and family conversations.", "privacy_mask": []}
{"unique_index": 21542, "source_text": "Even places untouched by direct violence begin carrying the emotional weight of uncertainty. And in these moments, migrant workers become the most invisible witnesses of all. They build cities they may never fully belong to. They strengthen economies that may never know their names. They spend their youth constructing towers, roads, airports, malls, and stadiums while their own families continue living thousands of kilometres away. Yet when uncertainty arrives, they remain among the most exposed, economically fragile, emotionally isolated, and socially unseen. Maryam’s questions reminded me of something simple but uncomfortable: empathy often survives more naturally in children than in adults. Adults become distracted by politics, nationality, religion, and ideology. Children still see human beings first. A worker is not a nationality to them. A delivery rider is not background scenery. A security guard is not invisible. They are simply people who might be tired, lonely, worried, or afraid. Perhaps the world would look different if more of us learned to see people the way children do. Not through passports. Not through professions. Not through power. But through shared human vulnerability.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 406, "end": 415, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 21543, "source_text": "The skies above the Gulf may eventually grow quiet again. News cycles will move on. Headlines will change. But somewhere, there are homes that will never fully recover from these conflicts. Homes where children will grow up with photographs instead of fathers. Homes where old parents will continue waiting for footsteps that will never return. Homes where unfinished dreams will sit silently beside unopened suitcases. And so, this is also a tribute… To the workers who left home carrying hope in small bags and responsibility in heavy hearts. To the men who mixed concrete under burning suns, cleaned towers they could never afford to enter, delivered food while missing meals with their own families, and spent their youth building cities for others. To those who crossed seas to build lives, but returned only as memories. May they never be reduced to statistics buried beneath political headlines. May their labour be remembered with dignity. May their sacrifices be spoken of with humanity. And may the world never forget this painful truth: They came to build cities, not to be buried beneath them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 24, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "the Gulf"}]}
{"unique_index": 21544, "source_text": "How Bangladeshi migrant recruitment networks built a quarter of a billion dollar smuggling economy\n\nAfter three years of construction work in Dhaka, Ishmam, 28, from Shariatpur, Bangladesh, had accumulated about USD 6,500 in savings when the dalal (local broker) approached him with a proposition that seemed almost too good to refuse. The route appeared straightforward: Bangladesh through Saudi Arabia to Libya, then a brief Mediterranean crossing to Italian shores, where monthly earnings could exceed what he made annually. “From Bangladesh through Saudi Arabia to Libya, then from Libya attempting the boat crossing to Greece or Italy,” he recounted months later, describing what he believed would be a well-established pathway used by thousands before him. However, upon reaching Libya, reality shifted dramatically. He spent three weeks in what smugglers called a “game house” — a holding facility where some 200 migrants waited for favorable weather conditions and boat availability. The promised boat finally arrived at night, overcrowded beyond any safe margin, with nearly 150 people packed into a vessel designed for perhaps 40.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 98, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "How Bangladeshi migrant recruitment networks built a quarter of a billion dollar smuggling economy"}, {"start": 106, "end": 117, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}, {"start": 142, "end": 147, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 157, "end": 159, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "28"}, {"start": 166, "end": 176, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Shariatpur"}, {"start": 178, "end": 188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 216, "end": 221, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6,500"}, {"start": 372, "end": 382, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 391, "end": 403, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saudi Arabia"}, {"start": 407, "end": 412, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 475, "end": 482, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "monthly"}, {"start": 518, "end": 526, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 534, "end": 544, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 553, "end": 565, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saudi Arabia"}, {"start": 569, "end": 574, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 586, "end": 591, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 624, "end": 630, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Greece"}, {"start": 634, "end": 639, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 741, "end": 750, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 786, "end": 791, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 832, "end": 843, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three weeks"}, {"start": 916, "end": 919, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200"}, {"start": 1084, "end": 1087, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "150"}, {"start": 1137, "end": 1139, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "40"}]}
{"unique_index": 21545, "source_text": "“We went with the hope of reaching Italy for a better future,” he said, remembering the moment the engine started and the Libyan coast began receding. “The boat traveled for only 20 minutes before the coast guard caught us.” Ishmam is one of many Bangladeshis who set out in pursuit of the European dream, only to discover it was far different from what smugglers had promised. After returning to Bangladesh in May 2026, he shared his experience with a research team that included the author as part of a migration research project. Another returnee’s experience revealed an even darker dimension of this system. “The migrant facilitators in Libya are Bangladeshis themselves. Billions of dollars are leaving our country and flowing to Libya into this network,” he revealed. The dalal who recruited him in Bangladesh maintained daily contact throughout the journey, not for welfare checks but to coordinate payment demands with Libyan handlers. “My dalal took USD 12,915 from me to take me successfully to a European country, and now I have returned like an offender,” he stated.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 35, "end": 40, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 179, "end": 196, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 minutes before"}, {"start": 242, "end": 246, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 397, "end": 407, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 411, "end": 419, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2026"}, {"start": 485, "end": 491, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 642, "end": 647, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 677, "end": 685, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Billions"}, {"start": 736, "end": 741, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 806, "end": 816, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 828, "end": 833, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 964, "end": 970, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12,915"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1033, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21546, "source_text": "His detention lasted 23 days, a deliberate degradation designed to pressure the family to pay a ransom. These two cases shine a light on a smuggling network that has turned the Bangladesh-Libya-Italy corridor into one of the world’s most lucrative irregular migration markets. Irregular migration through the Central Mediterranean Around 15,228 Bangladeshi migrants arrived in Italy via the Central Mediterranean Route in 2022, making Bangladesh the third most-represented nationality in terms of irregular migration. This figure represented a stark increase from just 349 arrivals in 2018. Approximately 14,000 Bangladeshis reached Italy through this route in 2024. Between June 2023 and August 2025, nearly 6,000 Bangladeshi nationals were repatriated from Libya with assistance from the International Organization for Migration (IOM), a branch of the United Nations. This number grew to 8,174 by December 2025, with multiple repatriation flights carrying hundreds of migrants each month throughout 2024 and 2025. The routes for migration have proliferated and been adapted to enforcement measures.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 28, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "23 days"}, {"start": 110, "end": 113, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 177, "end": 187, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 188, "end": 193, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 194, "end": 199, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 338, "end": 344, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15,228"}, {"start": 377, "end": 382, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 422, "end": 426, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 435, "end": 445, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 569, "end": 572, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "349"}, {"start": 585, "end": 589, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 605, "end": 611, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14,000"}, {"start": 633, "end": 638, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 661, "end": 665, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 675, "end": 684, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2023"}, {"start": 689, "end": 700, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2025"}, {"start": 709, "end": 714, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6,000"}, {"start": 759, "end": 764, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 790, "end": 830, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Organization for Migration"}, {"start": 832, "end": 835, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IOM"}, {"start": 854, "end": 868, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 890, "end": 895, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8,174"}, {"start": 899, "end": 912, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 958, "end": 966, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 979, "end": 989, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each month"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1005, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1014, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21547, "source_text": "The primary pathway flows from Bangladesh through Dubai to Egypt and finally Benghazi, though 50 percent of undocumented Bangladeshi migrants now enter Libya through Turkey. An alternative route through India and Sri Lanka is activated when the Dhaka airport authorities increase scrutiny. Other transit countries include Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Sudan, Turkey, Tunisia, and the UAE — creating a complex network that shifts and adapts to enforcement pressures. Comparing legal and irregular migration costs The economics of this system reveal why recruitment networks find irregular migration so lucrative. In 2020, the average legal migration cost for Bangladeshi workers, including airfare, visa costs, and agent fees, was USD 3,520 for Saudi Arabia and between USD 2,420 and USD 3,230 for Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia. These costs have risen , with the average migration cost now exceeding USD 3,730, as of December 2025. A male worker now spends USD 4,035 to USD 7,265 to reach Saudi Arabia, while migration to Malaysia costs USD 2,825 to USD 4,845.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 41, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 59, "end": 64, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Egypt"}, {"start": 94, "end": 96, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 142, "end": 145, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 152, "end": 157, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 203, "end": 208, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 213, "end": 222, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 245, "end": 250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 322, "end": 327, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Egypt"}, {"start": 329, "end": 335, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jordan"}, {"start": 337, "end": 343, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kuwait"}, {"start": 345, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Lebanon"}, {"start": 354, "end": 359, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Qatar"}, {"start": 361, "end": 373, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saudi Arabia"}, {"start": 375, "end": 380, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Syria"}, {"start": 382, "end": 387, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sudan"}, {"start": 389, "end": 395, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Turkey"}, {"start": 397, "end": 404, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tunisia"}, {"start": 645, "end": 649, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 764, "end": 769, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,520"}, {"start": 774, "end": 786, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saudi Arabia"}, {"start": 803, "end": 808, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,420"}, {"start": 817, "end": 822, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,230"}, {"start": 827, "end": 831, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Oman"}, {"start": 833, "end": 838, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Qatar"}, {"start": 844, "end": 852, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 911, "end": 914, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 929, "end": 934, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,730"}, {"start": 942, "end": 955, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2025"}, {"start": 971, "end": 974, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 986, "end": 991, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,035"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1004, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7,265"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1026, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saudi Arabia"}, {"start": 1047, "end": 1055, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 1066, "end": 1071, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,825"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1084, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,845"}]}
{"unique_index": 21548, "source_text": "The government officially set costs at USD 1,330 for Saudi Arabia, USD 1,290 for Malaysia, USD 870 for the UAE, USD 860 for Kuwait, USD 815 for Oman, and USD 790 for Bahrain, but actual expenses run 2.5 to 2.6 times these amounts. However, the Libya-Italy corridor operates on an entirely different scale. Travel from Bangladesh to Libya alone ranges from USD 4,500 to USD 4,900, while the Mediterranean crossing and migration to Europe costs between USD 3,000 and USD 4,000 per person. Most Bangladeshis pay between USD 10,000 and USD 14,000 for the complete journey, with many ultimately spending USD 15,000 to USD 17,000 after extortion and additional costs inside Libya. In Bangladesh, brokers collect initial fees of USD 4,035 to USD 12,915 for documentation and passage. Transit facilitators in Dubai, Egypt, Kuwait, Turkey, India, or Sri Lanka coordinate group movement and collect fees for each handover. Once in Libya, airport sponsors demand payments, armed groups extract “security fees,” drivers charge for internal transport, and coastal smugglers control Mediterranean access. The game house system represents perhaps the most cynical extraction mechanism.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 48, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,330"}, {"start": 53, "end": 65, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saudi Arabia"}, {"start": 71, "end": 76, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,290"}, {"start": 81, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 95, "end": 98, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "870"}, {"start": 107, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "UAE"}, {"start": 116, "end": 119, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "860"}, {"start": 124, "end": 130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kuwait"}, {"start": 136, "end": 139, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "815"}, {"start": 144, "end": 148, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Oman"}, {"start": 158, "end": 161, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "790"}, {"start": 166, "end": 173, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bahrain"}, {"start": 199, "end": 209, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2.5 to 2.6"}, {"start": 244, "end": 249, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 250, "end": 255, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 318, "end": 328, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 332, "end": 337, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 360, "end": 365, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,500"}, {"start": 373, "end": 378, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,900"}, {"start": 430, "end": 436, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 455, "end": 460, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,000"}, {"start": 469, "end": 474, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,000"}, {"start": 521, "end": 527, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}, {"start": 536, "end": 542, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14,000"}, {"start": 574, "end": 578, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 603, "end": 609, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15,000"}, {"start": 617, "end": 623, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17,000"}, {"start": 668, "end": 673, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 678, "end": 688, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 726, "end": 731, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,035"}, {"start": 739, "end": 745, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12,915"}, {"start": 808, "end": 813, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Egypt"}, {"start": 815, "end": 821, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kuwait"}, {"start": 823, "end": 829, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Turkey"}, {"start": 831, "end": 836, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 841, "end": 850, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sri Lanka"}, {"start": 921, "end": 926, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1007, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21549, "source_text": "“The game house operates just like a jail. You can’t talk; there is no means for communication. They keep 200–300 people together. Those whose money runs out get sent back; those whose money is not finished get left behind,” explained a migrant describing these pre-departure holding facilities where families receive continuous payment demands while their relatives wait for boat departures. The ‘gold migrant’ phenomenon Bangladeshi migrants are considered “gold” within Libya’s smuggling economy because they represent the most reliable source of payment. Behind every migrant stands a family that remains deeply involved throughout the journey — negotiating with brokers in Bangladesh, arranging financing, coordinating payments during transit, and liaising with smugglers whenever problems arise. Researchers have estimated that the Bangladesh-Libya-Italy smuggling economy generates USD 160–190 million annually, using 2024’s baseline of 14,000 arrivals in Italy and applying documented price structures. This represents a lower-bound estimate, excluding those who paid but never arrived in Italy — migrants intercepted at sea, detained indefinitely in Libya, or who perished during crossing attempts. The human resale market within Libya adds another layer of exploitation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 106, "end": 113, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200–300"}, {"start": 473, "end": 478, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 678, "end": 688, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 802, "end": 813, "label": "JOB", "value": "Researchers"}, {"start": 838, "end": 848, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 849, "end": 854, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 855, "end": 860, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 893, "end": 908, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "160–190 million"}, {"start": 909, "end": 917, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 925, "end": 929, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 944, "end": 950, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14,000"}, {"start": 963, "end": 968, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1102, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 1159, "end": 1164, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}, {"start": 1239, "end": 1244, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Libya"}]}
{"unique_index": 21550, "source_text": "Migrants entering legally by air are promised temporary work while waiting for their “next visa” to Italy. Upon arrival, their passports disappear under the pretext of processing paperwork. They work immediately in construction or service sectors but receive no payment. Eventually, they learn they’ve been “ sold ” to another employer or broker — demonstrating a market where migrants function as tradable assets. A a quarter of a billion dollar future? The trajectory suggests continued acceleration. Bangladeshis ranked first among asylum applicants in Italy, with 23,450 requests recorded in 2023. The trend had intensified further, with 2,589 Bangladeshis landing on Italian shores during January and February 2025 alone — double the 1,206 who arrived during the same period in 2024. So why is this shadowy, dangerous industry so successful? First, legal migration costs continue rising. The expenses for low-skilled overseas job seekers to major destinations now range from USD 3,230 to USD 8,070. It takes at least 10 months of work to recover migration costs, forcing workers to accept lower wages while limiting their ability to negotiate.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 100, "end": 105, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 417, "end": 426, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "a quarter"}, {"start": 432, "end": 439, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "billion"}, {"start": 556, "end": 561, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}, {"start": 568, "end": 574, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23,450"}, {"start": 596, "end": 600, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 642, "end": 647, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "2,589"}, {"start": 694, "end": 719, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January and February 2025"}, {"start": 739, "end": 744, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,206"}, {"start": 783, "end": 787, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 965, "end": 968, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 984, "end": 989, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,230"}, {"start": 997, "end": 1002, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8,070"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1031, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10 months"}]}
{"unique_index": 21551, "source_text": "Second, Gulf countries have tightened recruitment opportunities and imposed migration restrictions, pushing would-be migrants toward alternative destinations and illegal pathways. Research published in 2024 documents how brutal working conditions, combined with restrictive government policies toward migrant workers, lead some to reroute their “Dubai Dream” to Europe. If the current growth rate of illegal migration continues — from approximately 14,000 arrivals in 2024 to an estimated 20,000 in 2025 — and if per-person costs remain between USD 10,000 and USD 17,000, the smuggling economy could reach USD 200 million to USD 340 million in gross revenue. Even accounting for interceptions, failed attempts, and returnees, a conservative projection suggests the market could exceed USD 250 million annually by 2026, cementing its position as one of the world’s largest irregular migration corridors. Unless Bangladesh establishes genuinely accessible legal migration pathways, thousands more will calculate that risking USD 12,915 for a twenty-minute boat ride represents their best chance at the life they’ve been promised.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 202, "end": 206, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 362, "end": 368, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 449, "end": 455, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "14,000"}, {"start": 468, "end": 472, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 489, "end": 495, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,000"}, {"start": 499, "end": 503, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 549, "end": 555, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10,000"}, {"start": 564, "end": 570, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17,000"}, {"start": 610, "end": 621, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "200 million"}, {"start": 629, "end": 640, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "340 million"}, {"start": 789, "end": 800, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "250 million"}, {"start": 801, "end": 809, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 813, "end": 817, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 910, "end": 920, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 980, "end": 989, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1033, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12,915"}]}
{"unique_index": 21552, "source_text": "Brazil will feature the number 24 on the pitch during World Cup 2026. And that carries a message\n\nBrazil’s national football team will officially field a player wearing a jersey with the number 24 during the 2026 FIFA World Cup . The first time the iconic yellow-and-green jersey stepped out of the closet with the number 24 was almost four years ago, during the championship played in Qatar. Until 2022, FIFA rules allowed teams to register up to 23 players for official tournaments. But even when an extra player was allowed, or outside of strict official tournaments, the number 24 has long been avoided in Brazil. The reason lies in the cultural context around a traditional, illegal gambling game created in Rio de Janeiro in the late 19th century — the “ jogo do bicho ” (animal game). A type of lottery game, which has been outlawed since 1946, and whose leaders have been linked to criminal organizations , still has a strong hold throughout the country. The winners are chosen randomly through a raffle , with gamblers betting on numbers linked to animals. The number 24 corresponds to “veado” (deer), which in Brazil is also a sort of slang term to refer to gay people.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 96, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Brazil will feature the number 24 on the pitch during World Cup 2026. And that carries a message"}, {"start": 98, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 208, "end": 212, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 213, "end": 217, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA"}, {"start": 336, "end": 350, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years ago"}, {"start": 386, "end": 391, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Qatar"}, {"start": 399, "end": 403, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 405, "end": 409, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA"}, {"start": 448, "end": 450, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23"}, {"start": 610, "end": 616, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 740, "end": 752, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "19th century"}, {"start": 846, "end": 850, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1946"}, {"start": 1120, "end": 1126, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}]}
{"unique_index": 21553, "source_text": "There are different theories as to why “veado” got this meaning among Brazilians. A story published by news outlet UOL says the origins could be from the time when the word “desviado” (diverted) was used to refer to queer people, or even from the Disney animated film “Bambi” in the 1940s. Once a derogatory term, it has been reclaimed by the LGBTQ+ community over the years. In the 2021 Copa America, this folkloric context became a public controversy. Brazil was the only one of the 10 South American teams playing without the number 24, despite having a total of 24 players. A group of activists called Arco-Íris , which means “rainbow” in Portuguese, sued the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) over the absence of the number, asking that the number be worn in the finals, arguing that it violated FIFA’s anti-discrimination rules. At the time, they declared: O fato da numeração da seleção brasileira pular o número 24, considerando a conotação histórico-cultural que envolta esse número de associação aos gays, deve ser entendido como uma clara ofensa à comunidade LGBTI+ e como uma atitude homofóbica.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 115, "end": 118, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UOL"}, {"start": 269, "end": 274, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bambi"}, {"start": 283, "end": 288, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1940s"}, {"start": 383, "end": 387, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 454, "end": 460, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 485, "end": 487, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 566, "end": 568, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 589, "end": 598, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 664, "end": 696, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Brazilian Football Confederation"}, {"start": 698, "end": 701, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CBF"}, {"start": 806, "end": 810, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA"}, {"start": 925, "end": 927, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}]}
{"unique_index": 21554, "source_text": "The fact that the list of numbers in the Brazilian National Team skips number 24, considering the historical-cultural connotation around this number and its association with gay people, must be understood as a clear offense to the LGBTI+ community and as a homophobic act. CBF replied that it could no longer change the numbers already assigned to each player at that Cup because of the South American Football Confederation’s ( Conmebol’s ) rules, and the lawsuit was archived . An analysis by the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo , comparing Brazil with 11 countries, found that the number 24 was four times more likely to be used abroad than in the Brazilian football leagues. Over a year later, at the Qatar 2022 World Cup — the first where FIFA allowed 26 athletes on the roster — the country had a player listed with the number 24 for the first time in an official competition: defender Gleison Bremer, who plays for Italy’s Juventus. Asked about the number, he answered : “It’s a shirt like any other. The important thing is to be at the World Cup.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 41, "end": 64, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Brazilian National Team"}, {"start": 387, "end": 424, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "South American Football Confederation"}, {"start": 509, "end": 519, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Folha de S"}, {"start": 539, "end": 545, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 551, "end": 553, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 594, "end": 598, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 701, "end": 706, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Qatar"}, {"start": 707, "end": 711, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 740, "end": 744, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA"}, {"start": 753, "end": 755, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26"}, {"start": 756, "end": 764, "label": "JOB", "value": "athletes"}, {"start": 888, "end": 902, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gleison Bremer"}, {"start": 918, "end": 923, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Italy"}]}
{"unique_index": 21555, "source_text": "The 24th player This time, the shirt will be worn by Roger Ibañez , a 27-year-old defender who plays for Al-Ahli in Saudi Arabia: I can’t even remember the last player to wear Brazil’s 24 shirt before Ibañez. The font didn't really help, it looks like he’s the Z4. As a “gaúcho,” someone born in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil, Ibañez is a fan of Grêmio FBPA , a club founded in 1903 in the capital Porto Alegre. The same club that became a pioneer in the 1970s, having an organized LGBTQ+ fan group, the Coligay . The name was a blend of the name of a nightclub, Coliseu, owned by a Grêmio fan, where the group would meet, and the sexual orientation of the fans. The idea came to Volmar Santos , the nightclub owner and a die-hard “gremista ” who always watched the games at the Olímpico stadium, when other fans seemed demotivated by the team’s years-long bad streak . This was in 1977, when Brazil was under military dictatorship rule (1964–1985) , which also targeted LGBTQ+ people .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 70, "end": 81, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "27-year-old"}, {"start": 116, "end": 128, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saudi Arabia"}, {"start": 176, "end": 182, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 185, "end": 187, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 341, "end": 347, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 400, "end": 404, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1903"}, {"start": 420, "end": 432, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Porto Alegre"}, {"start": 477, "end": 482, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1970s"}, {"start": 904, "end": 908, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1977"}, {"start": 915, "end": 921, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 960, "end": 964, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1964"}, {"start": 965, "end": 969, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1985"}]}
{"unique_index": 21556, "source_text": "Once the Coligay pack arrived at the pitch, the bleachers turned into a proper party, with music, costumes in the club’s three colors, and continuous chanting. At first, as Santos told on several occasions, remembering his Coligay days, they had to face slurs and even physical attacks — at one point, he hired security and had the members in training karate for self-defense — but once the club began to win games and titles, they were integrated as an important part of the fanbase. Santos died last January . Nowadays, Brazil has LGBTQ+ collectives within fangroups in many clubs, but it has never seen a phenomenon like the Coligay again. Grêmio and its traditional rival, Sport Club Internacional, are among the clubs without an organized queer collective. In 2020, a national collective formed by LGBTQ+ fangroups from several Brazilian clubs, the Coletivo de Torcidas Canarinhos LGBTQ+, launched the Observatory of LGBTphobia in Football , to monitor cases of discrimination. Their latest report analyzes how many teams wore the number 24 shirt in the Copinha São Paulo 2025, an under-18 competition . Out of 128 participants, only 32 teams had it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 121, "end": 126, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 173, "end": 179, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Santos"}, {"start": 188, "end": 195, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 291, "end": 294, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 512, "end": 520, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Nowadays"}, {"start": 522, "end": 528, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 572, "end": 576, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 677, "end": 701, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Sport Club Internacional"}, {"start": 765, "end": 769, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 825, "end": 832, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 907, "end": 932, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Observatory of LGBTphobia"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1020, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1077, "end": 1081, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1119, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "128"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1141, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "32"}]}
{"unique_index": 21557, "source_text": "According to the Observatory, the number represented a reduction of six teams compared to the previous year. Onã Rudá, a journalist and Canarinhos founder, says that the study of Copinha was made to show that this prejudice is instilled into kids from an early age: Por que pular o número 24? Esse é o ponto. Pula-se por causa da cultura homofóbica. A ausência dele denuncia um tipo de homofobia que está estruturada nas instituições, na cultura, na semiótica, na estética do futebol. Quando o clube passa a ter alguém que usa esse número, não significa que seja menos homofóbico, mas a ausência dele é um problema porque ela é a negação de uma identidade. Why skip the number 24? That’s the point. They skip it because of a homophobic culture. The absence of this number demonstrates a sort of homophobia that is structured within institutions, culture, semiotics, and football’s own aesthetic. When a club has someone wearing the 24, it doesn't mean that it’s suddenly less homophobic, but the absence of it is an issue because it’s the denial of an identity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 68, "end": 71, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 94, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous year"}, {"start": 109, "end": 117, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Onã Rudá"}, {"start": 121, "end": 131, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 147, "end": 154, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 289, "end": 291, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}, {"start": 932, "end": 934, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "24"}]}
{"unique_index": 21558, "source_text": "Rudá says football is one of the main social activities in the country and part of its national identity — a unique feature for people from North to South, despite regional cultural differences in a territory with continental proportions, as he told GV: O futebol tem responsabilidade social. É engraçado ouvir quem diz que futebol e política não se misturam, pessoas que assistiram a regimes como a ditadura militar, utilizarem o futebol para se promover. Então, o futebol tem uma relação com as mais variadas atividades sociais do povo brasileiro e tem um papel a cumprir: ele pode ser uma válvula provocadora de grandes mudanças — como contra LGBTfobia, questões de violência de gênero, entre outros. Football has a social responsibility. It’s funny to hear people saying football and politics can’t be mixed, people who watched regimes like the military dictatorship using football to promote themselves. So, football has a link to various social activities of the Brazilian people and a role to fulfill: it can be a valve to lead to great changes — such as against LGBTphobia, gender violence, and so on.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Rudá"}]}
{"unique_index": 21559, "source_text": "Kazakhstan’s stray animal reforms reignite debate over public safety and humane policies\n\nKazakhstan’s president, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, signed into law the amended animal welfare regulations on May 19, shifting to a “no-return capture” model, whereby stray animals are taken to temporary holding facilities and can be euthanized if not reclaimed or adopted after the minimum holding period. Strays without owners must be held for at least five days , while animals with potential owners can be held up to 60 days before euthanasia is allowed. The law also tightens pet-owner responsibilities. Owners must now take all precautions to prevent their animals from harming people or property, and must pay damages if their pet injures someone. The new bill has sparked controversy and public backlash, renewing debates over public safety, animal welfare, and government accountability. Lawmakers versus animal welfare activists Officials and lawmakers have defended the new amendments as necessary measures to protect people from the country’s growing stray dog problem. They note that Kazakhstan’s stray dog population has been rising despite previous efforts.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kazakhstan’s stray animal reforms reignite debate over public safety and humane policies"}, {"start": 90, "end": 100, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 103, "end": 112, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 114, "end": 135, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev"}, {"start": 195, "end": 201, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 19"}, {"start": 440, "end": 449, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "five days"}, {"start": 506, "end": 520, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "60 days before"}, {"start": 606, "end": 609, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 882, "end": 891, "label": "JOB", "value": "Lawmakers"}, {"start": 914, "end": 923, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 938, "end": 947, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 1082, "end": 1092, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21560, "source_text": "For example, legislators reported that the number of captured strays grew from about 243,574 in 2022 to 276,282 by early 2026. At the same time, official statistics show that in 2025, more than 41,000 people were treated for dog bite injuries, up from about 38,800 in 2024. Critics of the amendments argue that the real problem is that the 2021 “responsible treatment” law, which sought to transition to a more humane animal welfare model, was never fully enforced. Here is a YouTube video where experts discuss the new law. Animal welfare groups (such as the KARE Foundation) maintain that the law “did not fail, it was never implemented” on the ground. They cite government figures showing that mass sterilization programs never materialized and large-scale euthanasia continued. For instance, only 58 dogs were sterilized nationwide in 2022, while over 80,000 dogs were euthanized. By 2025, of the roughly 276,000 dogs caught , only about 13 percent were sterilized, and nearly 85 percent were put down.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 24, "label": "JOB", "value": "legislators"}, {"start": 85, "end": 92, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "243,574"}, {"start": 96, "end": 100, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 104, "end": 111, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "276,282"}, {"start": 121, "end": 125, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 178, "end": 182, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 194, "end": 200, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "41,000"}, {"start": 258, "end": 264, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "38,800"}, {"start": 268, "end": 272, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 340, "end": 344, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 476, "end": 483, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 560, "end": 575, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "KARE Foundation"}, {"start": 801, "end": 803, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "58"}, {"start": 839, "end": 843, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 856, "end": 862, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80,000"}, {"start": 888, "end": 892, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 909, "end": 916, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "276,000"}, {"start": 942, "end": 944, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 981, "end": 983, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "85"}]}
{"unique_index": 21561, "source_text": "In practice, activists say, captured animals were often killed quickly due to overcrowded or underfunded shelters, rather than held for adoption as intended. In Almaty, the largest city and former capital, city data backs up these concerns. The municipal veterinary service reported 6,169 animal bite cases in 2025, but only 652 of those involved stray dogs. In other words, about 10 percent of bites were by strays, while most came from owned pets roaming off-leash or uncontained. Activists use this information to argue that making pet owners more accountable and expanding shelter capacity would be more effective than euthanasia. As one of the campaign’s core arguments states , killing will not solve a systemic problem, because “when cruelty is written into law, silence turns into complicity.” Conflicting data The debate over the amendments has revolved around such conflicting data. Supporters of the law point to the stubbornly high number of strays and occasional news reports of serious attacks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 22, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 283, "end": 288, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6,169"}, {"start": 310, "end": 314, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 325, "end": 328, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "652"}, {"start": 381, "end": 383, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 483, "end": 492, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21562, "source_text": "For example, a widely publicized incident in June 2025 involved a 10-year-old boy who was severely injured in a dog attack by two fighting dogs in the village of Zhalpaksay in the southern Almaty region. A passerby had to shoot the dogs to save the child. Lawmakers say cases like this — and the high national bite totals — show that the current policy “has not solved the task” of reducing danger on city streets. Animal rights advocates respond that many of the cited attacks were actually by owned dogs or occurred where sterilization programs did not exist. They emphasize the audit data: nationwide, only a tiny fraction of dogs were ever neutered. According to their analysis, sterilization never reached the required 70 percent coverage, so no population decline was achieved. On the contrary, the audit shows the earlier law led to more dogs being killed , not fewer. In the activists’ narrative, the problem is “irresponsible ownership” and poor municipal follow-through.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 45, "end": 54, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 66, "end": 77, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "10-year-old"}, {"start": 126, "end": 129, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 162, "end": 172, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Zhalpaksay"}, {"start": 256, "end": 265, "label": "JOB", "value": "Lawmakers"}, {"start": 422, "end": 438, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights advocates"}, {"start": 724, "end": 726, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 883, "end": 892, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21563, "source_text": "They point to the Almaty bite figures as evidence that simply culling strays won’t fix the public safety problem. Instead, they say, authorities should properly fund shelters , foster and adoption programs, and a national dog registry to keep track of pets. What happens next? With the amendments now signed, the question is how they will work in practice. The law explicitly assigns maslikhats and akimats (local government bodies) responsibility for carrying out animal population control. It also clarifies that any decision to euthanize a dog must be approved by a veterinarian’s certificate. In effect, the new measures will come down to how each region implements them. Many animal rights groups stress the need for transparency. One civic watchdog noted that strong public oversight will be critical, since “expanded euthanasia practices” will now largely be in the hands of local officials. The public debate has highlighted deep divisions. One journalist observed that the law’s passage “provoked a massive public reaction” — over 115,000 people had publicly opposed the amendments by May 2026.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 297, "end": 300, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 676, "end": 680, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 736, "end": 739, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 851, "end": 854, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 949, "end": 952, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 953, "end": 963, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 1040, "end": 1047, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "115,000"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 21564, "source_text": "Animal welfare and humane organizations warned that the new norms “may lead to large-scale euthanasia” not only of truly homeless animals but even of pets whose owners fail to claim them. They cited data showing the previous animal protection law was largely ignored in most regions. Here is a YouTube video discussing the implications of the new law. Supporters counter that without such reforms, the stray population will only grow. In any case, many commentators see the episode as evidence of Kazakhstan’s burgeoning civic engagement: social media campaigns have forced legislators to explain the policy in unprecedented detail. At the presidential level, Tokayev has signaled a balanced approach. His office noted that while the law is intended to improve public health, it does not sanction cruelty. Tokayev has publicly urged citizens to “treat animals humanely” and vowed “zero tolerance” for abuse. Whether the formal changes will actually increase safety or mostly codify existing culling practices will depend on how strictly the new rules are applied. Many veterinarians, volunteers, and pet owners will be watching closely as the amendments take effect.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 294, "end": 301, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 448, "end": 452, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 497, "end": 507, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 574, "end": 585, "label": "JOB", "value": "legislators"}, {"start": 660, "end": 667, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tokayev"}, {"start": 806, "end": 813, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Tokayev"}, {"start": 881, "end": 885, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "zero"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1068, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21565, "source_text": "Trash and dignity: The rise of inclusive recycling projects in Latin America\n\nAcross Latin America, recycling plays a far more critical social and economic role than global averages might suggest. Despite worldwide advances in waste management, the region’s average recycling rate remains strikingly low — around four percent . Yet, within this limited formal system, an estimated two million people make a living through informal recycling, forming an essential but often invisible backbone of urban waste recovery. For many of these workers, recycling is more than an environmental practice : it’s a means of survival. Women, migrants, displaced populations, and unhoused individuals living in precarious urban conditions are among those who depend on collecting, sorting, and selling recyclable materials to sustain their daily lives. In this context, waste becomes both a resource and a lifeline. So, how do different initiatives across the region support these communities? And how can recycling-focused projects go beyond environmental benefits to foster dignity, generate income, and open pathways toward social inclusion for some of the most vulnerable people in Latin America’s cities? Eloísa Cartonera: Books made by cartoneros in Argentina Eloísa Cartonera is one of Latin America’s most distinctive independent publishing projects.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 76, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Trash and dignity: The rise of inclusive recycling projects in Latin America"}, {"start": 85, "end": 98, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 313, "end": 317, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 381, "end": 392, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two million"}, {"start": 825, "end": 830, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 869, "end": 873, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 1171, "end": 1184, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 1195, "end": 1211, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eloísa Cartonera"}, {"start": 1241, "end": 1250, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 1251, "end": 1267, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eloísa Cartonera"}, {"start": 1278, "end": 1291, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}]}
{"unique_index": 21566, "source_text": "Founded in Buenos Aires in 2002, during Argentina’s devastating economic crisis, the initiative emerged at a time of mass unemployment, social unrest, and growing poverty following the country’s 2001 collapse. The project works with cartoneros (people who collect and sell discarded cardboard), many of whom are unhoused or living in precarious conditions. Eloísa Cartonera buys cardboard at fair prices and employs workers to handcraft and paint books, turning recycled materials into unique works of art. Profits from sales are shared among the workers and organizers. Founded by writer Washington Cucurto , visual artist Javier Barilaro , and a group of artists and activists, the collective also promotes accessible literature by publishing both emerging and established Latin American authors, many of whom donate their rights to support the project. Each book is individually painted with colorful tempera, making no two copies alike. More than two decades later, Eloísa Cartonera has inspired over 50 similar cartonera publishing houses around the world. Amazoniko: From recyclers to urban environmental leaders in Colombia Amazoniko was born in 2017 with an idea that goes far beyond recycling.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 31, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2002"}, {"start": 40, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Argentina"}, {"start": 195, "end": 199, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2001"}, {"start": 357, "end": 373, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eloísa Cartonera"}, {"start": 559, "end": 569, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 582, "end": 588, "label": "JOB", "value": "writer"}, {"start": 589, "end": 607, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Washington Cucurto"}, {"start": 617, "end": 623, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 624, "end": 639, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Javier Barilaro"}, {"start": 657, "end": 664, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 669, "end": 678, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 790, "end": 797, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 951, "end": 968, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two decades later"}, {"start": 970, "end": 986, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Eloísa Cartonera"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1007, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1071, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazoniko"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1087, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}, {"start": 1122, "end": 1130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 1131, "end": 1140, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazoniko"}, {"start": 1153, "end": 1157, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}]}
{"unique_index": 21567, "source_text": "For its founder, Daniel Rodríguez Paredes , the problem was never just the trash itself, but the loss of all the environmental, economic, and human value behind each piece of waste. “When a material ends up buried or improperly disposed of, not only is an object lost, but water, energy, human labor, and natural resources are also wasted,” he explained to Global Voices in a phone call. What began as a platform to facilitate recycling from homes ended up becoming a circular economy model that connects citizens, businesses, recyclers, and processors. In Colombia, thousands of recyclers work in informal conditions , often without contracts, social security, or recognition. Faced with this reality, Amazoniko decided to put people at the center of the system. The project seeks to understand the needs of those who sustain the recycling chain every day: from households that require environmental education to recyclers who need better working conditions and economic stability. The platform organizes collection routes, improves access to quality materials, and promotes a different narrative around the recycler, who is no longer seen as marginalized but rather as an “environmental advisor” within the communities. In addition to improving income and stability, Amazoniko promotes incentives such as digital tips and microloans linked to the recyclers’ performance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 15, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 357, "end": 370, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 527, "end": 536, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}, {"start": 557, "end": 565, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 567, "end": 576, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 580, "end": 589, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}, {"start": 703, "end": 712, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazoniko"}, {"start": 847, "end": 856, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 914, "end": 923, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1117, "label": "JOB", "value": "recycler"}, {"start": 1189, "end": 1196, "label": "JOB", "value": "advisor"}, {"start": 1269, "end": 1278, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazoniko"}, {"start": 1349, "end": 1358, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21568, "source_text": "The human impact of the project is reflected in stories like that of Cristian, Amazoniko’s first recycler. He began by cycling around the city collecting recyclable materials and helped build the system through his daily experience. Today, he is the company’s operations director and one of the most important figures in the operation. For Daniel, his story demonstrates that social inclusion is not just about connecting vulnerable people to a project, but about recognizing their abilities, opening up real opportunities for growth, and dignifying a historically stigmatized job. Venezuelan migrants recycle to survive For many Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, recycling has become an important means of survival and economic integration . Colombia hosts one of the largest populations of Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the world, with more than three million having crossed the border in recent years in search of safety, employment, and access to basic services. Faced with barriers to formal employment, many migrants turn to informal work, including collecting and selling recyclable materials. In Barranquilla’s southeastern neighborhoods, such as Brisas del Río, recycling provides a source of income for both Colombian and Venezuelan families living in vulnerable conditions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 79, "end": 88, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amazoniko"}, {"start": 97, "end": 105, "label": "JOB", "value": "recycler"}, {"start": 215, "end": 220, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 233, "end": 238, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 271, "end": 279, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 625, "end": 629, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 653, "end": 661, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 742, "end": 750, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 853, "end": 866, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three million"}, {"start": 1014, "end": 1018, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1218, "end": 1222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21569, "source_text": "Since 2019, the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), together with Pastoral Social Cáritas Barranquilla and support from the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS) , has implemented programs aimed at dignifying the work of environmental recyclers. The initiative has included training, protective equipment, and support services for recycling workers and their families. Like many informal settlements across Colombia, Brisas del Río faces significant challenges , including inadequate access to water, sanitation, transportation, healthcare, and education. In this context, recycling functions not only as a waste-management activity, but also as a pathway to livelihood, community integration, and resilience for displaced populations. Since 2022, 45 recyclers have received training and safety materials to help them carry out their work more effectively and with lower health risks. As one participant explained on the project’s website, “Recycling is our way of supporting ourselves now.” For many Venezuelan migrants, collecting recyclable materials offers a vital source of daily income in communities where poverty, informality, and limited access to public services remain widespread. In Ecuador, 70 percent of recyclers are women Recycling plays a crucial yet often undervalued and stigmatized role in society, despite being essential to the transition toward a circular economy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 6, "end": 10, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 16, "end": 45, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Refugee Agency"}, {"start": 47, "end": 52, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNHCR"}, {"start": 127, "end": 169, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Italian Agency for Development Cooperation"}, {"start": 171, "end": 175, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AICS"}, {"start": 250, "end": 259, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}, {"start": 389, "end": 393, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 422, "end": 430, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 757, "end": 761, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 763, "end": 765, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "45"}, {"start": 766, "end": 775, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}, {"start": 903, "end": 906, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1004, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1015, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1099, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1210, "end": 1217, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 1219, "end": 1221, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 1233, "end": 1242, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21570, "source_text": "People working as street waste pickers — mostly women — form the first link in the recovery chain, collecting and sorting materials that contribute directly to urban cleanliness and resource reuse. In Ecuador, around 20,000 people work as recyclers, 1,500 of them organized through the National Reclycers of Ecuador (Renarec) , which groups under its umbrella more than 50 organizations dedicated to reducing waste, and protecting street workers and recyclers against precarity. As told by UN Ecuador , The experience of Doña Blanca Lara, a recycler in Quito, illustrates this reality. After a life marked by hardship and responsibility for her family, she and her daughter rely entirely on recycling for their livelihood, earning small and variable incomes depending on the type of material collected. Despite their contribution to environmental sustainability, they face discrimination, unsafe working conditions, and limited social protection. Across Ecuador, thousands of recyclers share similar experiences, with high levels of informality and gender inequality. Although their work is essential to waste management and environmental recovery, it remains largely invisible, highlighting the need for greater recognition, institutional support, and social awareness of their economic and environmental contribution.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 201, "end": 208, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 217, "end": 223, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20,000"}, {"start": 239, "end": 248, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}, {"start": 250, "end": 255, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1,500"}, {"start": 308, "end": 315, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 370, "end": 372, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 450, "end": 459, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}, {"start": 490, "end": 492, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 493, "end": 500, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 526, "end": 537, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Blanca Lara"}, {"start": 541, "end": 549, "label": "JOB", "value": "recycler"}, {"start": 553, "end": 558, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quito"}, {"start": 954, "end": 961, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 963, "end": 972, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 976, "end": 985, "label": "JOB", "value": "recyclers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21571, "source_text": "Gender diversity under pressure: Resistance, community, and the politics of belonging\n\nGender has become one of the defining political battlegrounds of our time. Across continents, debates about gender identity, bodily autonomy, sexuality, healthcare, family structures, education, sports, and public participation have moved from the margins of political discourse to its very center. Yet rather than expanding rights and protections, many governments, institutions, and powerful actors are increasingly using gender as a tool for political polarization, stigma, control , and criminalization. Today, gender-diverse people, women, LGBTQ+ communities, and other sexually marginalized groups find themselves confronting growing efforts to criminalize, censor, or restrict fundamental aspects of their lives. Access to gender-affirming healthcare is under attack globally . Gender-based violence continues at alarming rates . LGBTQ+ communities face renewed discrimination and harassment. Hard-won rights that once appeared secure are being challenged, rolled back, or reframed as threats to society itself. The consequences are visible in nearly every space we inhabit. Many LGBTQ+ people report feeling increasingly unsafe in public spaces. Professional environments remain shaped by inequalities that disproportionately affect women. Institutions across the world continue to lack meaningful protections for gender-diverse individuals.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 85, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Gender diversity under pressure: Resistance, community, and the politics of belonging"}, {"start": 436, "end": 440, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 595, "end": 600, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 1169, "end": 1173, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21572, "source_text": "Meanwhile, digital platforms that promised connection and empowerment have become contradictory spaces : Places where communities can organize and find solidarity, but also where harassment , misinformation, surveillance , and algorithmic censorship often flourish. The growing backlash against gender diversity is not occurring in isolation. It is closely linked to the rise of authoritarian and ultraconservative movements worldwide. Narratives once confined to specific political or religious contexts now travel rapidly across borders, becoming part of a global playbook used to oppose feminist movements, LGBTQ+ rights , comprehensive sexuality education, reproductive justice, and efforts to address gender-based violence. One of the clearest examples is the spread of the term “gender ideology.” Originally popularized by conservative religious actors , including the Vatican, in the late 1990s, the phrase has evolved into a powerful political export used to frame gender equality, sexual rights, and bodily autonomy as threats to tradition, family values, and national identity. Since entering mainstream political discourse, it has been deployed to undermine rights related to privacy, health, expression, education, and self-determination for women, girls, and LGBTQ+ people. The term has become increasingly influential in contemporary politics.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 505, "end": 508, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 891, "end": 901, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "late 1990s"}]}
{"unique_index": 21573, "source_text": "Upon taking office in January 2025, United States President Donald Trump issued an executive order entitled “Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government,” reflecting how these narratives have become embedded in state policy and public debate. At the same time, structural gender inequalities remain deeply entrenched. Despite decades of progress, women continue to face significant economic disadvantages . Research consistently shows that motherhood carries substantial financial penalties , with women’s earnings often dropping dramatically after the birth of their first child. Across many countries, women remain concentrated in lower-paying sectors, perform a disproportionate share of unpaid care work, and continue to encounter barriers to advancement despite frequently achieving higher levels of education than men. These inequalities are mirrored in media representation. Women make up more than half of the world’s population, yet their voices remain significantly underrepresented in news coverage and public discourse. The result is a public conversation about gender in which those most affected by discrimination and exclusion are often the least heard. And yet, this is not only a story of backlash. Across the world, communities continue to organize , create, and care for one another. Trans and non-binary people build support networks across borders and in exile. Intersex activists challenge invisibility and advocate for bodily autonomy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 34, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2025"}, {"start": 36, "end": 49, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 50, "end": 59, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 60, "end": 72, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 194, "end": 212, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Government"}, {"start": 648, "end": 652, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 966, "end": 970, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 1350, "end": 1353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1452, "end": 1461, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21574, "source_text": "Indigenous and local communities recover histories of pre-colonial gender diversity that colonial systems sought to erase. Artists, writers, technologists, educators, and organizers create spaces where gender-diverse people can exist safely, tell their own stories, and imagine different futures. Community-building remains one of the most powerful responses to repression. In digital spaces, grassroots networks share knowledge, resources, and solidarity. In neighborhoods and cultural spaces, people continue to build forms of care that institutions have often failed to provide. Through art, language, mutual aid, storytelling, and collective action, communities push back against narratives that seek to erase their existence. This month’s theme invites us to explore these realities in all their complexity: The challenges faced by gender-diverse communities, the political forces shaping their lives, and the creative forms of resistance emerging in response. More than ever, the voices of women, gender-diverse individuals, LGBTQ+ communities, and other sexually marginalized groups are essential to understanding our world. Their experiences reveal not only the consequences of exclusion and discrimination but also the possibilities of solidarity, resilience, and transformation. At a moment when gender is increasingly being used as a political weapon, listening to those voices is not simply an act of inclusion. It is an act of democratic necessity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 123, "end": 130, "label": "JOB", "value": "Artists"}, {"start": 132, "end": 139, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 141, "end": 154, "label": "JOB", "value": "technologists"}, {"start": 171, "end": 181, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 731, "end": 741, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This month"}]}
{"unique_index": 21575, "source_text": "What explains the global stardom of Dimash Qudaibergen, Kazakhstan’s cultural phenomenon?\n\nJoy is a young lady from California, wearing a traditional robe called a shapan and speaking Kazakh, a language she began learning three months earlier. This scene took place in London, leading up to the concert of Kazakh singer Dimash Qudaibergen at the OVO Arena Wembley on November 12, 2025. Dimash’s father and producer, Kanat Aitbayev, met with Joy and recorded their conversation, illustrating a striking reality: Joy had traveled across the world to hear Dimash sing live. Thousands of fans from dozens of countries follow him across continents, drawn by not only his vocal abilities but by something deeper. Today, Dimash is arguably the best-known Kazakh singer outside his homeland and has reached world fame that no other singer from Kazakhstan has even come close to reaching. This phenomenon raises a question: what lies behind Dimash’s astounding success? A musical family Born in 1994, Dimash became an internationally acclaimed singer early in his career. He is celebrated as a cultural ambassador for Kazakhstan, admired for his vocal talent.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 89, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "What explains the global stardom of Dimash Qudaibergen, Kazakhstan’s cultural phenomenon?"}, {"start": 222, "end": 242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three months earlier"}, {"start": 269, "end": 275, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "London"}, {"start": 313, "end": 319, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 320, "end": 338, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash Qudaibergen"}, {"start": 367, "end": 384, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 12, 2025"}, {"start": 386, "end": 392, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 553, "end": 559, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 571, "end": 580, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Thousands"}, {"start": 594, "end": 600, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 707, "end": 712, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 714, "end": 720, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 755, "end": 761, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 824, "end": 830, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 836, "end": 846, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 932, "end": 938, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 986, "end": 990, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1994"}, {"start": 992, "end": 998, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 1035, "end": 1041, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 1094, "end": 1104, "label": "JOB", "value": "ambassador"}, {"start": 1109, "end": 1119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21576, "source_text": "Dimash’s story begins in Aktobe, a small city in western Kazakhstan. His parents are established figures in the region’s cultural life. His father, Kanat Aitbayev, is a songwriter, composer, and singer. His mother, Svetlana Aitbayeva, is a professional singer. Both have held public roles and received the title “ Honored Worker of Kazakhstan .” In 2014, Dimash graduated from the Zhubanov Music College. In 2018, he completed his master’s degree at the Kazakh National University of Arts. His most remarkable asset is his voice, which spans more than six octaves, moving across this range with impressive ease. This talent, supported by his parents’ professional background and network, carried him onto big stages. A pivotal opportunity arrived in 2016, when Kazakh journalist and producer Yertay Nusipzhanov invited Dimash to audition for the Chinese show “ Singer ,” a singing competition show. During the 2017 run of the show, his vocal performances brought him popularity among the Chinese audience, and the runner-up finish became a stepping stone in his career. Here is a YouTube video of Dimash performing the French song “S.O.S. d'un terrien en détresse” at Singer.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 57, "end": 67, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 195, "end": 201, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 215, "end": 233, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Svetlana Aitbayeva"}, {"start": 253, "end": 259, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 332, "end": 342, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 349, "end": 353, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 355, "end": 361, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 381, "end": 403, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zhubanov Music College"}, {"start": 408, "end": 412, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}, {"start": 454, "end": 488, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Kazakh National University of Arts"}, {"start": 552, "end": 555, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 750, "end": 754, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 768, "end": 778, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 819, "end": 825, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 861, "end": 867, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Singer"}, {"start": 910, "end": 914, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1087, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 1097, "end": 1103, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 1168, "end": 1174, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Singer"}]}
{"unique_index": 21577, "source_text": "While he primarily perfoms in Kazakh, his mother tongue, he has quite the linguistic range and has reportedly performed in at least 16 languages , including English, Mandarin, Russian, French (as demonstrated above), Italian, Ukrainian, Turkish, Serbian, Kyrgyz, German, Spanish, and more. His popularity soon expanded beyond Kazakhstan and China. In 2019, he embarked on his first world tour, Arnau, performing in Kazakhstan , Russia, the US , Latvia, and Ukraine . The “Dears” Dimash’s second world tour, Stranger (2022–2025), took him across thirteen countries and was a big success. In Mexico, for instance, two shows sold out in eight minutes, driven by the support of his fans, the “Dears,” who attend Dimash’s concerts and spread his music worldwide. Here is a YouTube video with the recap of the concert in Mexico. Last year, one of the Dears from Switzerland, Esther Uhlmann , published a book in English and Kazakh about Dimash’s music. “My fans treat me with great love and respect… so I chose this word — ‘Dears’,” Dimash explains , highlighting the special connection with his audience.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 132, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16"}, {"start": 326, "end": 336, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 341, "end": 346, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 351, "end": 355, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 415, "end": 425, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 428, "end": 434, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 440, "end": 442, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 445, "end": 451, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latvia"}, {"start": 457, "end": 464, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 479, "end": 485, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 517, "end": 521, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 522, "end": 526, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 545, "end": 553, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thirteen"}, {"start": 590, "end": 596, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 612, "end": 615, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 634, "end": 647, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "eight minutes"}, {"start": 708, "end": 714, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 768, "end": 775, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 815, "end": 821, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 823, "end": 832, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Last year"}, {"start": 856, "end": 867, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Switzerland"}, {"start": 931, "end": 937, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1033, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}]}
{"unique_index": 21578, "source_text": "Indeed, Dimash has earned the admiration of his fans through his warm and respectful attitude. He takes the time to sign autographs, pose for photos, shake hands, and hug them. One example of this was at his Barcelona concert in November 2025, when he invited a young Kazakh girl wearing traditional dress onto the stage to sing one of his songs with him . Dimash likely understands what it means for young, aspiring singers to share the stage with him and feel his encouragement. His caring nature is seen most clearly within his family. He guides his younger brother, Mansur. Since Dimash’s first world tour, Mansur has shared the stage with him, playing the guitar and dombra , the national instrument of Kazakhstan. He is just as attentive to his sister Raushan — whether supporting her restaurant Daididau or performing a song at her uzaty , a traditional pre-wedding farewell celebration. Here is a YouTube video with Dimash performing at his sister’s wedding. As Kazakh journalist Akdidar Abdimaulen observed, Dimash has cultivated the image of a “true artist,” not merely a “commercial product.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 8, "end": 14, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 177, "end": 180, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 229, "end": 242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2025"}, {"start": 357, "end": 363, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 417, "end": 424, "label": "JOB", "value": "singers"}, {"start": 584, "end": 590, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 708, "end": 718, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 905, "end": 912, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 924, "end": 930, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 977, "end": 987, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalist"}, {"start": 988, "end": 1006, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Akdidar Abdimaulen"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1023, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 1060, "end": 1066, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}]}
{"unique_index": 21579, "source_text": "Perhaps this is because his personal qualities — modesty, family devotion, and humaneness — resonate universally across borders and nationalities. A transcendent artist Dimash’s popularity within Kazakhstan can also be understood in light of the country’s historical experience. After more than two centuries under Tsarist and later Soviet rule , Kazakhstan gained independence in 1991 and has since continued to establish and explore its national identity. Within this ongoing process, shaped by postcolonial sentiments, Dimash’s public image remains meaningful for locals. Speaking to Euronews in 2024, he described his mission as “introducing the country’s culture and traditional music to the world.” Music, indeed, serves as a national emissary of sorts. His performance of the folk song Samaltau , portraying the hardships faced by Kazakhs conscripted into labor battalions in 1916, educates foreign listeners about this painful period in Kazakhstan’s history, interwoven with a beautiful composition and melody. At the same time, Dimash’s rapid musical ascent did not go unnoticed by Kazakhstani officials. “Dimash Kudaibergenov has become a global star, bringing our country’s culture to the world,” stated President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev , following his appearance on “Singer.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 162, "end": 168, "label": "JOB", "value": "artist"}, {"start": 169, "end": 175, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 196, "end": 206, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 295, "end": 308, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two centuries"}, {"start": 347, "end": 357, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 381, "end": 385, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 522, "end": 528, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 599, "end": 603, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 793, "end": 801, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Samaltau"}, {"start": 883, "end": 887, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1916"}, {"start": 945, "end": 955, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1043, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 1115, "end": 1121, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 1215, "end": 1224, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 1225, "end": 1246, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev"}, {"start": 1278, "end": 1284, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Singer"}]}
{"unique_index": 21580, "source_text": "Since then, the state has consistently recognized his work and applauded his efforts. In 2019 and 2023 , he received the highest state honors, “Honored Worker of Kazakhstan” and “People’s Artist of Kazakhstan,” respectively. At the turn of 2024, after presidential congratulations on national TV, Dimash performed the national anthem at Akorda, the presidential residence: an event widely read as an endorsement of his status at the highest level. Here is a YouTube video of Dimash performing the national anthem. However, this high-level state recognition has not prevented the singer from occasionally making carefully framed but critical political statements — commentary that is generally not welcomed in an authoritarian state. During the mass protests in Kazakhstan in January 2022, he stated on social media that “people are having a hard time.” He also called on “competent people in power” to “make appropriate decisions quickly.” Yet Dimash appears aware of the limits of political expression and does not cross established boundaries. In many respects, he adopts a restrained, almost diplomatic posture in his public statements. This approach became visible in 2022, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 89, "end": 93, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 98, "end": 102, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 162, "end": 172, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 188, "end": 194, "label": "JOB", "value": "Artist"}, {"start": 198, "end": 208, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 240, "end": 244, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 297, "end": 303, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 458, "end": 465, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 475, "end": 481, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 579, "end": 585, "label": "JOB", "value": "singer"}, {"start": 761, "end": 771, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 775, "end": 787, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2022"}, {"start": 944, "end": 950, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1053, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1172, "end": 1176, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 1188, "end": 1194, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 1209, "end": 1216, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}]}
{"unique_index": 21581, "source_text": "Dimash excluded Russia from his touring schedule, despite his previously close ties with the Russian music industry. In September 2022, at a concert for the Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, he debuted “The Story of One Sky.” The lyrics are staunchly anti-war and seemingly reference John Lennon’s iconic song, “ Imagine ,” which has long been hailed as a masterful peace anthem. Here is the official music video of the song. Later, Dimash’s appointments as a Goodwill Ambassador for the International Organization for Migration at regional and global levels in 2023 and 2025, respectively, reinforce the link between his artistry and humanitarianism. Ultimately, Dimash’s rise cannot be reduced to a single explanation. Despite his extraordinary vocal capabilities, his repertoire, often drawing on traditional music and operatic styles, does not fit into conventional “pop” categorizations and may not be appealing to younger audiences. Yet his artistic identity continues to attract thousands of fans, like Joy from California and Esther from Switzerland. The answer may lie in the way Dimash engages with diverse audiences: through deep human connection and, perhaps, a wisdom beyond his years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 6, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 16, "end": 22, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 120, "end": 134, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2022"}, {"start": 157, "end": 211, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions"}, {"start": 238, "end": 241, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 455, "end": 461, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 482, "end": 501, "label": "JOB", "value": "Goodwill Ambassador"}, {"start": 510, "end": 550, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Organization for Migration"}, {"start": 584, "end": 588, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 593, "end": 597, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 686, "end": 692, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1079, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Switzerland"}, {"start": 1111, "end": 1117, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dimash"}]}
{"unique_index": 21588, "source_text": "The rights left behind: The future of LGBTQI+ organizing in post-uprising Bangladesh\n\nEight Hijra and trans women casually gathered in Shahbag, Dhaka, were harassed by a group claiming to practice “ mobile journalism ” on April 3, 2026, exemplifying the unjust treatment that gender diverse people can face in Bangladesh. They were filmed without consent, asked offensive questions, sexually harassed, and, when they protested, were physically prevented from leaving the area. All eight were then arrested and taken to the Shahbag police station. They were denied access to lawyers for two days, held in inhumane conditions, and ultimately forced to pay fines and sign documents admitting wrongdoing to secure their release. No criminal activity had been alleged. The police were not bystanders. They were participants. A week later, on the evening of April 10 , the same location saw a larger mob attack. Under the banner of the “Azadi Movement,” a crowd brutally assaulted a group of people after labeling those present as “homosexual” and “transgender.” University teachers and citizens were beaten. The violence included sexual harassment of women.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 84, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The rights left behind: The future of LGBTQI+ organizing in post-uprising Bangladesh"}, {"start": 86, "end": 91, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Eight"}, {"start": 135, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Shahbag"}, {"start": 144, "end": 149, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 222, "end": 235, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 3, 2026"}, {"start": 310, "end": 320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 574, "end": 581, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 586, "end": 594, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two days"}, {"start": 852, "end": 860, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 10"}, {"start": 931, "end": 945, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Azadi Movement"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1076, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21589, "source_text": "A statement signed by 387 citizens — academics, journalists, lawyers, doctors, and activists — condemned both attacks and named the perpetrators: the “Azadi Movement,” backed by Bangladesh Khilafat Majlis , a conservative Islamic political party. The ruling Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) government made no response. What happened at Shahbag is not an isolated incident. It is the result of a crisis building since August 2024, when Bangladesh’s mass uprising ended fifteen years of Awami League rule and opened a period that has proved, for the country’s LGBTQI+ community, one of the most dangerous in recent memory. A new political landscape The uprising that forced former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to flee was genuinely historic. It was a student-led movement that brought down an authoritarian government at enormous human cost. For LGBTQI+ activists, their hopes around the movement were complicated from the start. Many had feared extremist groups would fill the vacuum; some chose not to participate at all. Those who did believed the uprising’s anti-discrimination language extended to them. However, within days of the new government’s formation, the student leaders who had driven the uprising began posting openly anti-LGBTQI+ content on social media. Islamist groups, emboldened by the transition, intensified attacks on gender and sexual minorities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 25, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "387"}, {"start": 48, "end": 59, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 61, "end": 68, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyers"}, {"start": 70, "end": 77, "label": "JOB", "value": "doctors"}, {"start": 83, "end": 92, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 105, "end": 109, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 151, "end": 165, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Azadi Movement"}, {"start": 178, "end": 188, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 258, "end": 286, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 288, "end": 291, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 420, "end": 431, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 2024"}, {"start": 438, "end": 448, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 471, "end": 484, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "fifteen years"}, {"start": 488, "end": 500, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Awami League"}, {"start": 682, "end": 696, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 697, "end": 710, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sheikh Hasina"}, {"start": 855, "end": 864, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21590, "source_text": "One early documented incident was an assault on the hijra community in Chak-Andharia, Sherpur, in September 2024 . The same month, a mob led by a group of men physically assaulted a hijra individual in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. As the abovementioned Shahbag incident showed, “transgender” and “homosexual” have since become labels deployable against any designated enemy, be it political opponents, inconvenient journalists, or anyone a mob decides to target. The betrayal of the revolution During the internet blackout of July 2024 , as students faced live ammunition in the streets, Muntasir Rahman used his personal connections to arrange safe houses for student coordinators who would later become the founding leadership of the National Citizen Party (NCP) — among them Rifat Rashid, Mahin Sarker, and current MP Hannan Masud . Muntasir took a direct personal risk to keep the people who would build the new Bangladesh alive. Months later, when those same leaders formed the NCP, Rahman was appointed Joint Member Secretary. Within hours of the announcement, his identity as a gay man was exposed online , and his appointment was revoked .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 98, "end": 112, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2024"}, {"start": 115, "end": 129, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "The same month"}, {"start": 202, "end": 213, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cox’s Bazar"}, {"start": 215, "end": 225, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 411, "end": 422, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 522, "end": 531, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 665, "end": 677, "label": "JOB", "value": "coordinators"}, {"start": 732, "end": 754, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Citizen Party"}, {"start": 756, "end": 759, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 814, "end": 816, "label": "JOB", "value": "MP"}, {"start": 817, "end": 829, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hannan Masud"}, {"start": 912, "end": 922, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 979, "end": 982, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1027, "label": "JOB", "value": "Joint Member Secretary"}]}
{"unique_index": 21591, "source_text": "The party’s senior leadership clarified that no one associated with the LGBTQI+ community held a position in the NCP. By May 2025, the party’s Chief Organizer for the Northern Region was publishing statements on his verified Facebook page describing LGBTQI+ people as “mentally ill” and “cancer to society.” The men whose lives he helped protect did not defend him. Not one. Rahman’s name appears among the 387 signatories of the civil society statement condemning the Shahbag attacks, the same document that demanded accountability from the government that had expelled him. Muntasir’s expulsion triggered something wider: posts targeting queer activists flooded social media with names and home addresses of individuals and organizations. In response, many LGBTQI+ organizations were forced to take down their websites and close community Facebook groups that had existed for years. Decades of community infrastructure were deleted. This is not simply a story about one man’s exclusion. The political formation most associated with the uprising’s democratic aspirations chose, under pressure from religious conservatives, to make its position explicit and public. Hate speech against queer communities has not merely persisted in post-uprising Bangladesh.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 113, "end": 116, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NCP"}, {"start": 121, "end": 129, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 149, "end": 158, "label": "JOB", "value": "Organizer"}, {"start": 167, "end": 182, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Northern Region"}, {"start": 225, "end": 233, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 407, "end": 410, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "387"}, {"start": 646, "end": 655, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 754, "end": 758, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 841, "end": 849, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 968, "end": 971, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1246, "end": 1256, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}]}
{"unique_index": 21592, "source_text": "It has become politically mainstream . The cost of visibility On June 10, 2025, Shakil Ahmed, a final-year student at the Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Dhaka, died by suicide in his home village of Manikganj, following months of targeted harassment. Shakil, a closeted gay man, had been falsely accused of blasphemy due to a Facebook comment he made, which he deleted shortly after posting. A college peer took a screenshot and circulated it, branding him an apostate. By early June, he was receiving direct death threats. Despite issuing a public apology, a post was circulated announcing a public “Shariah-based” trial scheduled for the following morning. He did not survive that night. Read more: The untold stories of transgender people in Bangladesh as they navigate misconceptions The government made no statement on his death. No arrests were made. Law enforcement classified it as unnatural death rather than abetment of suicide. The distinction matters because abetment demands investigation. To describe what happened to Shakil as suicide alone is to ignore the organized campaign of incitement that preceded it.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 65, "end": 78, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 10, 2025"}, {"start": 80, "end": 92, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shakil Ahmed"}, {"start": 150, "end": 169, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Dhaka"}, {"start": 210, "end": 219, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Manikganj"}, {"start": 221, "end": 237, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "following months"}, {"start": 262, "end": 268, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shakil"}, {"start": 337, "end": 345, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 689, "end": 699, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that night"}, {"start": 756, "end": 766, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1049, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shakil"}]}
{"unique_index": 21593, "source_text": "Silence from the state Exclusion in Bangladesh rarely comes through explicit legislation. It comes through institutional silence — the meeting never scheduled, the report that omits an entire community, the police station that detains victims and charges them with trafficking, while the mob waits outside. According to activists who requested anonymity, LGBTQI+ groups made repeated attempts to engage the interim government on issues affecting gender-diverse communities, including discussions around the long-pending Transgender Person Rights and Protection Bill 2023 . Those meetings were never granted. The Women’s Affairs Reform Commission, which might have offered a natural vehicle for including gender-diverse voices, released a report containing no mention of LGBTQI+ concerns. For a community already living under a colonial-era law criminalizing same-sex relations, the silence carried a clear message: this government would neither protect nor engage them. The retreat of development actors What makes this moment distinct from previous periods of hostility is what is happening alongside the politics. International readers often assume NGOs function as stable allies for LGBTQI+ communities. The reality is increasingly complicated.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 36, "end": 46, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 320, "end": 329, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 520, "end": 565, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Transgender Person Rights and Protection Bill"}, {"start": 612, "end": 645, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Women’s Affairs Reform Commission"}]}
{"unique_index": 21594, "source_text": "Multiple activists in Bangladesh, speaking to Global Voices face-to-face on the condition of anonymity, describe a quiet but significant shift: organizations that previously maintained visible programs on gender and sexual diversity are reducing that visibility. Public advocacy has softened. Institutional language has grown more cautious. Several activists said they had lost employment when fiscal partners chose to drop the LGBTQI+ component of joint projects, not through formal termination, but through the gradual defunding of anything that could attract negative attention. The organizations themselves have not disappeared. They have simply stopped showing up. One interviewee said: We have been left alone. They will say they are with us when they see us. But they will not call us. And if we call them, they will hardly come. They fear to be seen with us publicly. The calculus is not difficult to understand. Organizations that depend on government registration and local partnerships cannot afford to be seen as politically inconvenient by an administration whose tolerance of civil society is already uncertain. The ecosystem adjusts. The space contracts. And the community that relied on that ecosystem finds itself more exposed, with fewer institutional buffers between itself and an increasingly hostile public discourse.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 18, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 22, "end": 32, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 46, "end": 59, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 341, "end": 348, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 349, "end": 358, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 670, "end": 673, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}]}
{"unique_index": 21595, "source_text": "The funding crisis The retreat of NGOs is inseparable from a parallel collapse in international funding . In 2023, USAID partnered with Bangladeshi organizations to launch the SHOMOTA project, a five-year initiative to support trans and hijra communities across eight cities, planned to directly reach 8,700 people through 2028. When US President Donald Trump froze US foreign aid in January 2025, the project was canceled. The human cost was immediate. The Noboprobhaat Foundation in Rangpur, which provided HIV testing, job skills training, and legal support to rural LGBTQI+ people, was forced to lay off half its staff and close its offices. By late 2025, the foundation expected to halt roughly 70 percent of its activities . The crisis extends well beyond US policy. The Global Philanthropy Project estimated that at least USD 105 million in donor government aid for LGBTQI+ rights was at risk globally, with anticipated cuts from the Netherlands and Britain. Corporate sponsors worldwide also withdrew in response to the backlash against diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs. The point is not simply that money is disappearing.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 109, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 262, "end": 267, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight"}, {"start": 302, "end": 307, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8,700"}, {"start": 323, "end": 327, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2028"}, {"start": 334, "end": 336, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 337, "end": 346, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 347, "end": 359, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 366, "end": 368, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 384, "end": 396, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2025"}, {"start": 458, "end": 481, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Noboprobhaat Foundation"}, {"start": 608, "end": 612, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 654, "end": 658, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 700, "end": 702, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 762, "end": 764, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 777, "end": 804, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Philanthropy Project"}, {"start": 833, "end": 844, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "105 million"}, {"start": 941, "end": 952, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Netherlands"}, {"start": 957, "end": 964, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Britain"}]}
{"unique_index": 21596, "source_text": "It is that these cuts land hardest on communities where international support was not supplementing a strong domestic base, but substituting for one. What comes next In October 2025, a 23-year-old trans activist named Sahara Chowdhury Rebil stood alone in the rain at Shahid Minar in Dhaka, on hunger strike , demanding marriage rights for LGBTQI+ people. It may have been the first such public protest in Bangladesh’s history. By the next afternoon, as hostility mounted, fellow activists persuaded her to end her fast to avoid physical attack. But before retreating, she released a 178-page Bangladeshi Queer Manifesto (linked in the QR code below), the first of its kind in a nation of 172 million people. That image of one person starving in the rain, declaring their rage in writing, is not a story of defeat. It is a story of a movement doing what movements do when institutions fail them: going back to basics. Documenting. Naming. Insisting on existing. In 2024, of 70 documented incidents of violence against LGBTQI+ people in Bangladesh, only 13 were officially recorded as criminal cases. The community documents anyway.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 169, "end": 181, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2025"}, {"start": 185, "end": 196, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "23-year-old"}, {"start": 203, "end": 211, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 218, "end": 240, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sahara Chowdhury Rebil"}, {"start": 284, "end": 289, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dhaka"}, {"start": 406, "end": 416, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 435, "end": 449, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next afternoon"}, {"start": 480, "end": 489, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 593, "end": 620, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bangladeshi Queer Manifesto"}, {"start": 689, "end": 700, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "172 million"}, {"start": 723, "end": 726, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 965, "end": 969, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 974, "end": 976, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70"}, {"start": 1036, "end": 1046, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1053, "end": 1055, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}]}
{"unique_index": 21597, "source_text": "Because documentation, even without institutional consequence, is its own form of resistance. Read more: Xulhaz Mannan, an LGBT Activist in Bangladesh, is the Latest Victim in a String of Brutal Killings The 2016 murder of LGBTQI+ rights activist Xulhaz Mannan was a brutal warning directed at Bangladesh’s progressive civil society. Nearly a decade later, Shakil Ahmed’s death signals that the same forces remain intact, only now operating with greater coordination, technological reach, and state apathy. This crisis did not begin in 2024. The uprising accelerated it. Bangladesh’s queer movement is not facing a single enemy. It is facing a convergence: a political class performing religious credibility, an international funding architecture in freefall, an NGO sector recalibrating toward self-preservation, and a colonial-era law that still criminalizes their existence. Each force alone is manageable. Together, they are designed to exhaust. Until Bangladesh reckons with the impunity that runs beneath all of this, the movement will keep surviving in spite of the state rather than with its protection. The bitter truth here is that surviving is not the same as being free, and the July 2024 uprising did not happen merely to survive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 105, "end": 118, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Xulhaz Mannan"}, {"start": 123, "end": 136, "label": "JOB", "value": "LGBT Activist"}, {"start": 140, "end": 150, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 208, "end": 212, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 238, "end": 246, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 247, "end": 260, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Xulhaz Mannan"}, {"start": 294, "end": 304, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 357, "end": 369, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shakil Ahmed"}, {"start": 427, "end": 430, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 536, "end": 540, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 571, "end": 581, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 956, "end": 966, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 1191, "end": 1200, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 21598, "source_text": "Palestinians are being locked out of the digital economy\n\nFor many people around the world, the digital economy is not an abstract concept but a lived reality shaping everyday life and work. At the mention of the digital economy, most people would think of entrepreneurship, innovation, and technological advancement. But for Palestinians, the question is not whether the digital economy exists, but whether they are allowed to access it at all and participate in the global economy equitably. 7amleh recently published a new report entitled “ Palestinian Accessibility to Digital Economy Platforms: Barriers, Gaps, and Adopted Policies to Overcome Them .” The report documents how Palestinians across historic Palestine face systematic barriers in accessing digital payment systems, e-commerce platforms, and remote work opportunities. The research tested around 30 major digital services by attempting account creation, verification, and use under real conditions, while also relying on semi-structured interviews and user testimonies from Palestinians navigating these systems daily. A structural exclusion The report’s findings reveal, once more, that Palestinian exclusion from the digital economy is not accidental or technical, but rather structural. This matters because the digital economy has become one of the few remaining spaces where Palestinians can attempt to overcome restrictions on movement, employment, and access imposed by decades of occupation and apartheid.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 56, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Palestinians are being locked out of the digital economy"}, {"start": 62, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 544, "end": 653, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Palestinian Accessibility to Digital Economy Platforms: Barriers, Gaps, and Adopted Policies to Overcome Them"}, {"start": 711, "end": 720, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Palestine"}, {"start": 864, "end": 866, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 1080, "end": 1085, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 1321, "end": 1324, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}]}
{"unique_index": 21599, "source_text": "For many young Palestinians, digital work offered something rare: the possibility of connecting to the outside world without passing through a checkpoint. But even online, Palestinians encounter walls. The report examines three central pillars of the digital economy: digital payment platforms, e-commerce services, and remote work platforms. Across all three, Palestinians face layered barriers shaped by platform policies, telecommunications restrictions, financial exclusion, and broader political realities that severely restrict their participation in the global economy. Digital payments are perhaps the clearest example. Palestinians in the occupied West Bank and Gaza remain excluded from PayPal, despite years of advocacy and despite the platform operating freely for Israeli citizens, including settlers living illegally in West Bank settlements. This exclusion forces Palestinian freelancers and businesses to rely on costly intermediaries, informal transfer systems, or unstable alternatives that consume significant portions of their income. For a generation increasingly dependent on online work, being unable to access basic financial tools is devastating. A designer in Gaza may successfully secure freelance contracts through global platforms, but still struggle to receive payment safely or consistently. Access exists in theory, but meaningful participation remains blocked in practice. Unequal infrastructure Infrastructure deepens these inequalities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 222, "end": 227, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 657, "end": 675, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "West Bank and Gaza"}, {"start": 834, "end": 843, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "West Bank"}, {"start": 1174, "end": 1182, "label": "JOB", "value": "designer"}]}
{"unique_index": 21600, "source_text": "Palestinians do not control their own telecommunications sector and continue to face severe restrictions on spectrum access, network development, and digital infrastructure. While Israelis benefit from advanced 4G and 5G connectivity, Palestinians in the West Bank only gained limited 3G access in recent years, while Gaza has remained restricted largely to outdated 2G infrastructure for years. The consequences are immediate: unstable internet directly undermines remote work and client relationships, while also severely disrupting communication, education, and e-commerce. In Gaza, these structural restrictions have escalated into outright destruction. A previous 7amleh report, “ The Impact of the Gaza Blockade and the Destruction of Telecommunications Infrastructure on the Digital Economy Amidst Genocide ,” documented how the deliberate targeting of telecommunications and power infrastructure since October 2023 pushed Gaza’s digital economy toward collapse. The most recent Gaza and West Bank Interim Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment , published by the EU and UN in April 2026, found that 81 percent of Gaza’s telecommunications network had been completely destroyed, 12 percent partially damaged, with only 7 percent minimally damaged. Internet traffic in Gaza dropped by more than 80 percent during October 2023 alone and has not recovered since.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 255, "end": 264, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "West Bank"}, {"start": 910, "end": 922, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2023"}, {"start": 986, "end": 1046, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gaza and West Bank Interim Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment"}, {"start": 1066, "end": 1068, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 1073, "end": 1075, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UN"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1089, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1104, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "81"}, {"start": 1181, "end": 1183, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 1221, "end": 1222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7"}, {"start": 1296, "end": 1298, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "80"}, {"start": 1314, "end": 1326, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2023"}]}
{"unique_index": 21601, "source_text": "A digital lifeline Yet amid genocide, famine, displacement, and blackouts, Palestinians continued trying to work. The research conducted during the famine period in July 2024, surveying over 180 digital workers in Gaza City and across the Gaza Strip, captured testimonies that remain difficult to forget. People described prioritising access to a laptop, electricity source, or internet signal over almost everything else because digital work represented their final connection to survival, dignity, and hope. Freelancers gathered in makeshift solar-powered coworking spaces to charge devices and access weak internet signals for a few hours each day. Others walked long distances searching for connectivity to submit projects or respond to clients before losing signal again. One thing must be made clear: this resilience should not be romanticized. It reflects the absence of alternatives. Before October 2023, remote work had already become a critical lifeline for Gaza’s economy. Thousands of Palestinians worked through platforms like Upwork and Fiverr in programming, design, translation, and digital marketing. The Palestinian ICT sector employed nearly 9,000 people across around 700 companies and contributed approximately 4 percent of Palestinian GDP.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 165, "end": 174, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2024"}, {"start": 191, "end": 194, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "180"}, {"start": 214, "end": 223, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gaza City"}, {"start": 239, "end": 249, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Gaza Strip"}, {"start": 632, "end": 641, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few hours"}, {"start": 642, "end": 650, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "each day"}, {"start": 777, "end": 780, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 899, "end": 911, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 2023"}, {"start": 984, "end": 993, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Thousands"}, {"start": 1161, "end": 1166, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "9,000"}, {"start": 1188, "end": 1191, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "700"}, {"start": 1232, "end": 1233, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4"}]}
{"unique_index": 21602, "source_text": "For many young Palestinians facing movement restrictions and unemployment, digital labour became one of the only viable economic pathways available. But Palestinians are expected to compete in the global digital economy while being denied equal infrastructure, equal payment access, freedom of movement, and even stable electricity. The price of occupation The conversation about Palestinian digital rights often focuses on censorship and online speech. Those issues remain essential. But digital rights are also economic rights. They shape who can work, trade, build businesses, receive payments, and sustain livelihoods. As more of the world moves online, exclusion from digital platforms increasingly means exclusion from economic life itself. Technology companies cannot continue treating Palestinian exclusion as a secondary issue or an unfortunate side effect of “complex realities.” Platform policies are political when they systematically deny access to one population while enabling another living under the same geographic control. Digital infrastructure is political when an occupied population is denied sovereignty over the networks it depends on to survive. For Palestinians, digital access is ultimately about the right to participate in modern economic and public life on equal terms.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 8, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 962, "end": 965, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21603, "source_text": "Brazil’s former First Lady juggles Christian conservatism, cracks open the far right’s gender contradictions\n\nIn Brazil, ex-President Jair Bolsonaro ’s wife, Michelle Bolsonaro , has become a potential new leader for the right-wing camp in the upcoming presidential elections in October . As their political field reshuffles to find leadership after the imprisonment of the former president for attempting to stage a coup d’état in 2023 , Michelle’s ascension to political relevance challenges core patriarchal values within Brazilian society and capitalizes on a growing influential demographic in the political landscape of the country: evangelical and conservative women. Michelle, 44, met Jair Bolsonaro, 71, in 2007, when he was a federal deputy working in Brasília, and she worked as his secretary . They were married in 2013. Michelle already had a daughter from a previous relationship and had Laura, her only child with Bolsonaro, in 2010. She was a discreet figure who was rarely seen in public at the time. Despite the advice of political consultants, she did not engage in her husband’s first presidential campaign in 2018.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 108, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Brazil’s former First Lady juggles Christian conservatism, cracks open the far right’s gender contradictions"}, {"start": 113, "end": 119, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 124, "end": 133, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 134, "end": 148, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jair Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 167, "end": 176, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 381, "end": 390, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 432, "end": 436, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 685, "end": 687, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "44"}, {"start": 693, "end": 707, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jair Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 709, "end": 711, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "71"}, {"start": 716, "end": 720, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2007"}, {"start": 794, "end": 803, "label": "JOB", "value": "secretary"}, {"start": 827, "end": 831, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013"}, {"start": 929, "end": 938, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 943, "end": 947, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 1050, "end": 1061, "label": "JOB", "value": "consultants"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1134, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2018"}]}
{"unique_index": 21604, "source_text": "Once he got elected, things shifted. At his inauguration, she broke protocol to give a speech in sign language by his side. During Bolsonaro’s presidential term, she would often travel with his ministers and appear more frequently on camera to promote charity work, leading a government program called Volunteer Homeland (Pátria Voluntária) . When the president appointed a new justice to the Supreme Court (STF), the First Lady was filmed praying and celebrating with the chosen judge, André Mendonça, who is also an evangelical pastor. And when they attended Queen Elizabeth’s funeral, her Jackie-O styled dresses made headlines as she promoted the designers on her social media. Michelle became especially popular among conservative women, often overshadowing her stepsons, children of Bolsonaro’s previous marriages. Flávio, Eduardo, Carlos, and Jair Renan, all politicians, saw their hopes of continuing the political dynasty threatened as Michelle gained in relevance. Today, Michelle has over eight million followers on Instagram . Flávio, the eldest son, a senator and potential presidential candidate, is the only one ahead of her, with 11 million .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 131, "end": 140, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 194, "end": 203, "label": "JOB", "value": "ministers"}, {"start": 352, "end": 361, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 393, "end": 406, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 408, "end": 411, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "STF"}, {"start": 418, "end": 428, "label": "JOB", "value": "First Lady"}, {"start": 480, "end": 485, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 487, "end": 501, "label": "PERSON", "value": "André Mendonça"}, {"start": 561, "end": 566, "label": "JOB", "value": "Queen"}, {"start": 651, "end": 660, "label": "JOB", "value": "designers"}, {"start": 789, "end": 798, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 829, "end": 836, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Eduardo"}, {"start": 850, "end": 854, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jair"}, {"start": 866, "end": 877, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 975, "end": 980, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1013, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "eight million"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1036, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 1065, "end": 1072, "label": "JOB", "value": "senator"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1126, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 1146, "end": 1156, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11 million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21605, "source_text": "By the 2022 presidential election, Michelle was popular enough to attract female voters to her husband’s campaign after his callous and disastrous policies during the COVID-19 pandemic — there were 711,380 deaths in Brazil, the country with the second-highest number of deaths in the world. Women’s votes had been his Achilles heel in the previous run. “Women who were at the frontlines of the pandemic, caring for their family economically, physically, and materially, became upset with the inhuman way Bolsonaro treated the victims of the pandemic,” said Lívia Reis, researcher and director of a yearly report that monitors the intersection of evangelical women, politics, and their everyday life, published by the Religion Studies Institute (ISER). “The figure of Michelle comes in to humanize the Bolsonaro figure.” During the pandemic, Bolsonaro repeatedly made fun of COVID-19 victims , spoke against vaccination, and delayed acquiring and distributing vaccines . Experts estimate that these actions could have cost 95,000 lives . Nine days before the second round of the 2022 presidential election, Michelle gave a speech at an evangelical service at the Assembleia de Deus Vitória em Cristo church in Rio de Janeiro, using her own devotion to God to excuse her husband’s actions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 11, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 198, "end": 205, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "711,380"}, {"start": 216, "end": 222, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 504, "end": 513, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 557, "end": 567, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Lívia Reis"}, {"start": 569, "end": 579, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 584, "end": 592, "label": "JOB", "value": "director"}, {"start": 598, "end": 604, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "yearly"}, {"start": 717, "end": 743, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Religion Studies Institute"}, {"start": 745, "end": 749, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ISER"}, {"start": 801, "end": 810, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 841, "end": 850, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 1022, "end": 1028, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "95,000"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1053, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Nine days before"}, {"start": 1078, "end": 1082, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}]}
{"unique_index": 21606, "source_text": "The church was founded by Silas Malafaia , an evangelical leader who supported Bolsonaro’s rise to power and married the couple, and who is widely credited as essential to the solidification of bolsonarismo . “Don’t look at my husband, look at me, for I am a servant of the Lord who kneels to pray and has an understanding of the spiritual world,” Michelle said . “[Bolsonaro] is just as flawed as you and I, because only Jesus was perfect, and even He did not please everyone.” Jair Bolsonaro is not evangelical , despite using this faith to court evangelical voters. In 2016, while still a Congressman, he was baptized in the Jordan River in Israel by a pastor who was later arrested on corruption charges . According to a 2022 survey by Genial/Quaest , 50 percent of evangelicals believed Bolsonaro was evangelical, while only 16 percent correctly identified him as Roman Catholic. “[Michelle] enters the political landscape to legitimize Bolsonaro as a man chosen by God for a mission to fight for a better Brazil,” Reis said. “And Michelle is highly admired by evangelical women.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 26, "end": 40, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Silas Malafaia"}, {"start": 79, "end": 88, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 121, "end": 127, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "couple"}, {"start": 348, "end": 356, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michelle"}, {"start": 366, "end": 375, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 479, "end": 493, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jair Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 572, "end": 576, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 628, "end": 640, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jordan River"}, {"start": 644, "end": 650, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 725, "end": 729, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 756, "end": 758, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 792, "end": 801, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 830, "end": 832, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "16"}, {"start": 942, "end": 951, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 1011, "end": 1017, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1024, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Reis"}]}
{"unique_index": 21607, "source_text": "A demographic in dispute Michelle’s increasing political visibility has cracked open the contradictions of female leadership in conservative spaces as well as the internal conflicts over gender inequality in evangelical churches. Evangelicals are the fastest-growing faith in the country. Although a little over half of the Brazilian population identifies as Catholic, according to the 2022 census , the evangelical percentage has grown from 21 percent to 26 percent since 2010. The majority of evangelicals — around 55 percent in the 2022 census — are women, a demographic that politicians can no longer ignore in the electorate. In early 2019, days after Jair Bolsonaro was sworn in , Gabriela Leite, an activist from the Black Evangelical Movement, noticed that her mother had been captured by far-right ideology. She had voted for Bolsonaro. “She was talking about ideological indoctrination in public schools,” Leite told Global Voices, referring to “ Escola Sem Partido ,” a right-wing conspiracy theory about teachers indoctrinating children into left-wing ideologies . It was such a hot topic for right-wing politicians that it was turned into law in cities and states .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 312, "end": 316, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 386, "end": 390, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 442, "end": 444, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "21"}, {"start": 456, "end": 458, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26"}, {"start": 473, "end": 477, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}, {"start": 517, "end": 519, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "55"}, {"start": 535, "end": 539, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 579, "end": 590, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 640, "end": 644, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2019"}, {"start": 657, "end": 671, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jair Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 687, "end": 701, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gabriela Leite"}, {"start": 706, "end": 714, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 724, "end": 750, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Black Evangelical Movement"}, {"start": 835, "end": 844, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 916, "end": 921, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leite"}, {"start": 927, "end": 940, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1024, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1127, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}]}
{"unique_index": 21608, "source_text": "“What she said made no sense because she raised a daughter who went to public school,” Gabriela said, adding that she hoped her mother would know better. Gabriela, an activist of the Black Evangelical Movement, and her mother, Márcia Leite, a retired school teacher, are both Black working-class evangelical women. Conservative women politicians such as Senator Damares Alves , Bolsonaro’s former human rights minister and an evangelical pastor herself, state deputy Ana Campagnolo , and federal deputy Chris Tonietto have become symbols of female empowerment within conservative subcultures. Since 2023, Michelle has worked as the president of the women’s sector of the Partido Liberal , her husband’s party, recruiting women into the party’s wings. She has also publicly stepped into the role of caretaker and mother , especially after Bolsonaro’s arrest. She adds political leadership to these roles as a signifier of sacrifice and power. This performative multitasking is persuasive to many evangelical women. “Michelle shows evangelical women that it’s possible to be a housewife, but you can also be powerful and a leader,” Márcia said. “Which is everything a modern woman wants. We want to have a place in society. Michelle shows us that it’s possible.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 87, "end": 95, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gabriela"}, {"start": 154, "end": 162, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gabriela"}, {"start": 167, "end": 175, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 183, "end": 209, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Black Evangelical Movement"}, {"start": 227, "end": 239, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Márcia Leite"}, {"start": 258, "end": 265, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 271, "end": 275, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 334, "end": 345, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 354, "end": 361, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senator"}, {"start": 362, "end": 375, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Damares Alves"}, {"start": 378, "end": 387, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 410, "end": 418, "label": "JOB", "value": "minister"}, {"start": 599, "end": 603, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 632, "end": 641, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 838, "end": 847, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 990, "end": 994, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1130, "end": 1136, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Márcia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21609, "source_text": "According to researcher Jamille Bezerra, who is writing a thesis about religious women politicians and how they mediate gender in their daily work, these political figures connect with Christian women in a way the feminist movement was never able to. They make gender issues visible, while still arguing for conservative approaches to the family. Women have always been at the center of the evangelical church’s work, according to researchers and evangelical women interviewed for this article. “It’s women who open the doors of the church in the morning, and it’s women who turn the light off when the service is done,” Gabriela said. “Men are the pastors, and that’s all they are.” Michelle represents them. She recognizes gender inequality, particularly within marriage and the church, as an issue to be addressed, albeit within the limits of conservatism and the Bible . According to a 2025 poll by Datafolha , 42.7 percent of evangelical women have been victims of domestic violence. Many say their pastors have not been sympathetic when they disclose their stories, often blaming them for “not praying enough” and neglecting to instruct them to get help.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 23, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 24, "end": 39, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jamille Bezerra"}, {"start": 87, "end": 98, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 136, "end": 141, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 431, "end": 442, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 621, "end": 629, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gabriela"}, {"start": 890, "end": 894, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 915, "end": 919, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "42.7"}, {"start": 989, "end": 993, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21610, "source_text": "Senator Alves, though, toured churches in Brasília in 2024 , encouraging women to call the police if they are ever subjected to abuse by their partners. Michelle also encouraged women to call the police in cases of violence. “Senator Alves and Michelle are projecting that different kinds of families are possible in society, but still within the limits of heteronormativity,” Bezerra said. “[Both of them] are distinct from traditional heteronormativity themselves: Alves is not a married woman and has an adopted daughter, while Michelle’s marriage to Bolsonaro is her second marriage.” These transgressions of traditional evangelical femininity serve to humanize these figures, even as they still defend the traditional patriarchal family structure. In fact, the protection of “the traditional Brazilian family” is how Michelle and other conservative women in politics justify their work outside the home. “They say they are doing it for their kids, for the future, for the nation, things that aren’t exactly new,” Bezerra said. “It’s a typical conservative ideology to bring the protection of the nation to the forefront through the family.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 7, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senator"}, {"start": 8, "end": 13, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alves"}, {"start": 54, "end": 58, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 226, "end": 233, "label": "JOB", "value": "Senator"}, {"start": 234, "end": 239, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alves"}, {"start": 377, "end": 384, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bezerra"}, {"start": 393, "end": 397, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 467, "end": 472, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alves"}, {"start": 554, "end": 563, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1025, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bezerra"}]}
{"unique_index": 21611, "source_text": "The double bind of conservative women leaders Though the men who run the conservative parties have begrudgingly accepted that their power might depend on the inclusion of women within their ranks, this shift has created visible cracks in their fascist movement. Michelle and her stepsons have publicly clashed about her involvement in party politics. “Many political analysts tell me it’s important to have the female vote, and I don’t disagree,” said Eduardo Bolsonaro, who was removed from his position as state deputy after moving to the United States, about Michelle’s rise to relevance within the Liberal Party, during an interview with Revista Piauí in September 2025 . “Michelle only talks about positive issues: church, the female vote. But my question is: doesn’t the party understand that what I do is much more important?” he added, referencing his lobbying in Trump’s White House against Lula da Silva’s government. Michelle has been included in election polls for the presidential election in October, often showing her as the most competitive candidate among the Bolsonaros to face off incumbent left-wing Lula. In September last year, when the discussion around Bolsonaro’s successor was still open, with the former president ineligible for any seats, Michelle positioned herself as a potential candidate.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 352, "end": 356, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 367, "end": 375, "label": "JOB", "value": "analysts"}, {"start": 452, "end": 469, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Eduardo Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 541, "end": 554, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 602, "end": 615, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Liberal Party"}, {"start": 642, "end": 655, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Revista Piauí"}, {"start": 659, "end": 673, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2025"}, {"start": 880, "end": 891, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "White House"}, {"start": 1139, "end": 1148, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1186, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 1231, "end": 1240, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}]}
{"unique_index": 21612, "source_text": "“I will rise like a lioness to defend our conservative values, truth, and justice,” she said to The Telegraph in her first interview since her husband’s conviction, echoing language used by friends and family of Charlie Kirk’s to refer to hiss surviving wife Erika . “If, to fulfil God’s will, it becomes necessary to assume a political candidacy, I will be ready to do whatever He asks of me.” But in the end, the traditional family order — which Michelle unequivocally defends — won. In December, Flavio, Bolsonaro’s firstborn and a senator, officially announced his candidacy, which was supported by his father’s handwritten letter from prison. While he fights to continue his candidacy amid revelations published by The Intercept Brazil that he solicited money from a jailed banker to finance Bolsonaro’s biopic film, it’s hard to imagine a political camp that believes in women’s subjugation would allow for the rise of a “lioness” like Michelle. “Bolsonaro’s sons want to use Michelle like Bolsonaro did — as a companion, as a supporter — they’re not prepared for her to be a leader,” said Márcia Leite, adding that she will not be voting for Flavio Bolsonaro in October.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 212, "end": 224, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Charlie Kirk"}, {"start": 507, "end": 516, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 535, "end": 542, "label": "JOB", "value": "senator"}, {"start": 734, "end": 740, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 797, "end": 806, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 953, "end": 962, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 996, "end": 1005, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}, {"start": 1096, "end": 1108, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Márcia Leite"}, {"start": 1156, "end": 1165, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Bolsonaro"}]}
{"unique_index": 21613, "source_text": "Melanesian nations vow to connect and expand marine protected areas\n\nPapua New Guinea, Fiji, and Vanuatu have agreed to expand and connect their marine protected areas, affirming their commitment to prioritizing ocean health and the environment. This initiative was announced during the inaugural Melanesian Ocean Summit in May 2026, held in Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea. Melanesia is a subregion of the Pacific. The network of marine reserves is named the Melanesian Ocean Corridor of Reserves or MOCOR, which was conceptualized by the three Pacific nations “to forge a unified Melanesian front in ocean governance, targeting the absolute protection of our fragile marine ecosystems while empowering the cultural and economic livelihoods of our coastal communities.” MOCOR is the latest example of a Pacific response to the harsh impact of climate change. The region has historically produced low carbon emissions, yet it is enduring the extreme consequences of the climate crisis, with many of its island communities facing the threat of rising water levels and coral reef destruction.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 67, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Melanesian nations vow to connect and expand marine protected areas"}, {"start": 69, "end": 85, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua New Guinea"}, {"start": 87, "end": 91, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Fiji"}, {"start": 97, "end": 104, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vanuatu"}, {"start": 297, "end": 320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melanesian Ocean Summit"}, {"start": 324, "end": 332, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2026"}, {"start": 342, "end": 354, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port Moresby"}, {"start": 371, "end": 387, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua New Guinea"}, {"start": 389, "end": 398, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melanesia"}, {"start": 421, "end": 428, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 474, "end": 511, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melanesian Ocean Corridor of Reserves"}, {"start": 554, "end": 559, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 560, "end": 567, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 818, "end": 825, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}]}
{"unique_index": 21614, "source_text": "The interconnected marine reserves will cover at least six million square kilometers, and the project is expected to become the world’s largest transboundary marine protected area. Papua New Guinea’s Western Manus Marine Protected Area would cover more than 214,000 square kilometers of ocean in the Bismarck Sea, which the government calls an area nearly the size of the United Kingdom. It represents nine percent of the country's exclusive economic zone Vanuatu said it will allot 70,000 square kilometers in the Torba National Marine Protected Area, an area the size of Ireland, for the MOCOR. It is about 10 percent of its exclusive economic zone. Fiji has pledged 15 percent of its waters to be part of the MOCOR this year and vows to expand it over the next five years. Vanuatu Prime Minister Jotham Napat underscored the value of protecting the ocean. “We are not sacrificing our ocean to save it. We are choosing protection over extraction, and the long memory of our ancestors over the short-term interests of others,” he said.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 55, "end": 66, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six million"}, {"start": 181, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Papua New Guinea’s Western Manus Marine Protected Area"}, {"start": 258, "end": 265, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "214,000"}, {"start": 300, "end": 312, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bismarck Sea"}, {"start": 372, "end": 386, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United Kingdom"}, {"start": 402, "end": 406, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "nine"}, {"start": 456, "end": 463, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vanuatu"}, {"start": 483, "end": 489, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "70,000"}, {"start": 515, "end": 551, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Torba National Marine Protected Area"}, {"start": 573, "end": 580, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ireland"}, {"start": 609, "end": 611, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "10"}, {"start": 652, "end": 656, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Fiji"}, {"start": 669, "end": 671, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15"}, {"start": 718, "end": 727, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 759, "end": 774, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next five years"}, {"start": 776, "end": 783, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Vanuatu"}, {"start": 784, "end": 798, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 799, "end": 811, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jotham Napat"}]}
{"unique_index": 21615, "source_text": "Fiji Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka reminded fellow Pacific leaders that the duty of caring for the seas should not be restricted by borders. This initiative represents a bold and timely step forward, recognizing that our oceans do not end at national boundaries, and that our stewardship responsibilities must therefore extend across them. MOCOR is more than a conservation initiative. It is a platform for Melanesian integration. Enric Sala of the National Geographic Explorer in Residence lauded the unveiling of the MOCOR. “With this bold new initiative, the leaders of Melanesia are committing to protect 30 percent of one of the most biodiverse and important marine environments on the planet,” he said. Meanwhile, the Pacific Network on Globalization welcomed the MOCOR and urged Pacific leaders to translate regional commitments into binding domestic legislation by considering a regional moratorium on deep-sea mining, which has divided the Pacific community since some governments indicated they will allow the exploration and extraction of deep-sea minerals, despite its potentially disastrous environmental cost.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 4, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Fiji"}, {"start": 5, "end": 19, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 20, "end": 35, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sitiveni Rabuka"}, {"start": 52, "end": 59, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 574, "end": 583, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melanesia"}, {"start": 610, "end": 612, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 725, "end": 740, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pacific Network"}, {"start": 787, "end": 794, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 950, "end": 957, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}]}
{"unique_index": 21616, "source_text": "Another highlight of the Melanesian Ocean Summit is the symbolic placing of a “message in a bottle” containing the pledge of the Pacific people. Here’s an excerpt of the pledge. To the technocrats out there, to those of you who in haste for profit of today’s generation, squandering the prospect of young Moana’s generation. Together, we stand not just as nations but as guardians. Guardians of a shared ocean that feeds our people, carries our stories, and connects every island across our Pacific Ocean. The ocean does not belong to us. We belong to the ocean. One people. One ocean. One future. Wansolwara. Melanesian nations have agreed to meet again in two years for another summit to review and broaden their commitments to protecting the ocean.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 25, "end": 48, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Melanesian Ocean Summit"}, {"start": 129, "end": 136, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 251, "end": 256, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 491, "end": 504, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific Ocean"}, {"start": 563, "end": 566, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 575, "end": 578, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 586, "end": 589, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 658, "end": 667, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years"}]}
{"unique_index": 21617, "source_text": "The case of Shakira Galíndez highlights a growing crisis for trans Venezuelan asylum seekers in the U.S.\n\nWhen Shakira Galíndez appeared for her immigration proceeding, she was trying to comply with the U.S. legal process. Instead, she was immediately detained by ICE. Since then, the 30-year-old Venezuelan transgender woman has spent months moving through the U.S. immigration detention system while fighting to avoid deportation. Her story extends beyond herself: it includes the family and friends affected by her arbitrary detention, while underscoring the growing disparity between the protections formally guaranteed to vulnerable refugees and the conditions they frequently encounter upon arrival. For many LGBTQ+ Venezuelans, migration is often a matter of survival. Faced with discrimination , criminalization , violence, exclusion from employment, barriers to healthcare, and the absence of legal recognition of their identities , many transgender and gender-diverse Venezuelans are forced to leave their homes in search of safety and dignity. Galíndez is a 30-year-old transgender woman from Yaracuy, Venezuela.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 104, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The case of Shakira Galíndez highlights a growing crisis for trans Venezuelan asylum seekers in the U.S."}, {"start": 203, "end": 207, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 285, "end": 296, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30-year-old"}, {"start": 362, "end": 366, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 710, "end": 714, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 942, "end": 946, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1069, "end": 1080, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30-year-old"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1111, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yaracuy"}, {"start": 1113, "end": 1122, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}]}
{"unique_index": 21618, "source_text": "She arrived in the United States seeking asylum after fleeing conditions that made it increasingly difficult to live safely as a trans woman in her country of origin. Like many asylum seekers, she entered a legal process designed to evaluate her claim and determine whether returning her to Venezuela would expose her to harm. She was arrested while attending an immigration hearing and subsequently transferred through multiple detention facilities. Today, she remains in immigration detention in LaSalle Detention Center and faces the possibility of deportation back to Venezuela. Her case exposes a broader contradiction at the heart of the U.S. immigration detention system. Since 2015, federal agencies have acknowledged that transgender individuals in detention face unique risks. ICE detention standards and policies influenced by the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) recognize that housing decisions involving transgender people should be made on a case-by-case basis, with particular attention to gender identity, especially because transgender inmates reported higher levels of staff sexual misconduct in prisons (17 percent) and jails (23 percent). On paper, these protections exist .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 19, "end": 32, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 172, "end": 176, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 291, "end": 300, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 451, "end": 456, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 498, "end": 522, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "LaSalle Detention Center"}, {"start": 572, "end": 581, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 644, "end": 648, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 685, "end": 689, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2015"}, {"start": 842, "end": 869, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Prison Rape Elimination Act"}, {"start": 871, "end": 875, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "PREA"}, {"start": 1126, "end": 1128, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "17"}, {"start": 1149, "end": 1151, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "23"}]}
{"unique_index": 21619, "source_text": "In practice, however, advocates and human rights organizations have repeatedly documented situations in which transgender migrants remain exposed to isolation, mistreatment, inadequate healthcare, or detention conditions that fail to reflect their gender identity. Conditions worsened during Donald Trump’s second term, with reported increases in these types of violations. One of his first presidential actions was an executive order against what he termed “gender ideology extremism,” mandating federal recognition of only two sexes, placing transgender women in men’s prisons, and cutting funding of gender-affirming care for prisoners. Shakira’s experience is only part of this broader pattern. The prolonged nature of her detention, transfers between facilities, and her placement within a men’s detention environment have raised serious concerns among family, friends, and advocates working on her behalf. The reports of isolation are particularly alarming. Galíndez claims she was held in solitary confinement for more than a month before requesting to be moved into the general prison population, despite the risks this entailed.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 292, "end": 304, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 525, "end": 528, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21620, "source_text": "Nearly 90 percent of incarcerated transgender people have been held in solitary confinement in prison, according to a recent study — a practice that is classified as torture by human rights experts. Regardless of the legal outcome of Galíndez’s asylum claim, these conditions illustrate how detention itself can become a source of harm for transgender migrants. For Galíndez, deportation would mean returning to a country where transgender people continue to face significant structural barriers. Venezuela currently lacks a comprehensive legal framework recognizing gender identity or protecting transgender people from discrimination. Civil society organizations have documented persistent patterns of violence , social exclusion , and barriers to accessing healthcare , employment, and legal recognition. Across the Americas, Venezuela’s political, economic, and humanitarian crisis has generated one of the largest displacement movements in the world. Within that displaced population, LGBTQ+ people often face additional layers of vulnerability. They may experience family rejection, homelessness, barriers to employment, exploitation, and targeted violence both before and during migration. This reality is particularly important when evaluating asylum claims.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 9, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "90"}, {"start": 497, "end": 506, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 507, "end": 516, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 819, "end": 827, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Americas"}, {"start": 829, "end": 838, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 1163, "end": 1167, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21621, "source_text": "In a 2020 report , ReliefWeb underscored how the displacement of LGBTQ+ Venezuelans forms one of the most complex layers of an already deep migration crisis, and that the many risks they are exposed to do not end with migration. As the report explains: Most of the [LGBTQ+ population] face or have faced situations of exploitation, abuse, and inequality, among other forms of violence. In addition, discrimination and xenophobic attitudes have affected them in different ways. For example, trans women have experienced a greater violation of their rights and lack of protection, while LGB people have had to hide their sexual orientation to avoid being discriminated against. The purpose of asylum law is to provide protection to individuals who have a well-founded fear of persecution based on factors such as political opinion, religion, nationality, race, or membership in a particular social group. Transgender individuals fleeing systemic discrimination and violence often seek protection under this framework because returning home may expose them to serious risks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 5, "end": 9, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 171, "end": 175, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21622, "source_text": "“Being queer in Venezuela has meant growing up under the constant threat of exclusion, corrective violence, and abandonment,” Andrés Perez, a non-binary activist exiled in Colombia, explains to Global Voices via message. ”For many people in the LGBTQIA+ community, migrating is not a decision about the future, but a way to protect our lives in the present.” Shakira’s case is not occurring in isolation. It echoes concerns raised in the case of Andry Hernández Romero , another Venezuelan LGBTQ+ migrant whose experience drew attention from advocates and human rights organizations due to his transfer to CECOT , El Salvador’s infamous prison, and subsequent deportation to Venezuela. Although their circumstances differ, both cases illustrate a troubling reality: LGBTQ+ Venezuelans seeking protection in the United States can find themselves navigating systems that fail to adequately recognize their vulnerabilities. As her case continues, advocates are calling for her release from detention and for a fair evaluation of her asylum claim. Their demands are rooted in a simple principle: people who seek protection from persecution should not be subjected to conditions that place them at further risk.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 25, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 126, "end": 138, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrés Perez"}, {"start": 153, "end": 161, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 172, "end": 180, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 194, "end": 207, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 226, "end": 230, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 606, "end": 611, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "CECOT"}, {"start": 614, "end": 625, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 675, "end": 684, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Venezuela"}, {"start": 723, "end": 727, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 811, "end": 824, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}]}
{"unique_index": 21623, "source_text": "Colombia becomes the first Latin American country to ban female genital mutilation\n\nNine days remained — just nine days before the deadline expired, the bill died, and years of work would have to begin again from scratch. But on June 10, 2026, the Colombian Senate finally voted and gave its approval, making Colombia the first country in Latin America to prohibit female genital mutilation (FGM). Bill 440 of 2025, known as “Niñas sin Ablación” (“Girls Without Ablation”), is a law that was not born in a legislative office, but rather, within the communities that needed it most. On March 22, 2007, three newborn girls from the Emberá Chamí community died from an infection after being subjected to genital mutilation. It was the first documented case to reach official records, though it is believed it was not the first to occur. Since then, Colombia has remained the only country in Latin America to officially acknowledge that female genital mutilation is still practiced within its borders. Rather than that acknowledgment being a source of shame, it allowed the state to begin taking action and helped place the eradication of FGM on the global Sustainable Development Goals agenda — but twenty years later, without a law to support those efforts, recognition alone was not enough to protect anyone.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 82, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Colombia becomes the first Latin American country to ban female genital mutilation"}, {"start": 84, "end": 93, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Nine days"}, {"start": 110, "end": 126, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "nine days before"}, {"start": 229, "end": 242, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 10, 2026"}, {"start": 248, "end": 264, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Colombian Senate"}, {"start": 309, "end": 317, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 339, "end": 352, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 398, "end": 414, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bill 440 of 2025"}, {"start": 426, "end": 444, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Niñas sin Ablación"}, {"start": 448, "end": 470, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Girls Without Ablation"}, {"start": 585, "end": 599, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 22, 2007"}, {"start": 601, "end": 606, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 846, "end": 854, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 888, "end": 901, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 1153, "end": 1182, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Sustainable Development Goals"}, {"start": 1196, "end": 1214, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "twenty years later"}]}
{"unique_index": 21624, "source_text": "Female genital mutilation (referred to in some communities as a “healing,” “correction,” or “operation”) involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia without any medical justification. In Colombia, it is performed on girls ranging from 17 days to 12 years of age. According to international health organizations, the consequences are permanent : hemorrhaging, chronic infections, childbirth complications, psychological trauma, behavioral disorders, anxiety, depression and, in the most severe cases, death. A law born from survivors, driven by numbers Official figures reveal only part of the picture. The state typically learns of cases when girls arrive at hospitals suffering complications, but many affected communities are located hours away from the nearest healthcare facility. What is recorded is always less than what actually occurs. Even so, the available data is enough to demonstrate the scale of the problem. Colombia’s Ministry of Health reported 91 cases in 2023 and 54 in 2024, though no consolidated national registry exists since many occur in remote communities without access to the healthcare system. Between 2020 and 2025, the National Institute of Health documented 204 cases , 177 of them involving Indigenous girls, primarily in the departments of Risaralda and Chocó.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 214, "end": 222, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 262, "end": 269, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "17 days"}, {"start": 273, "end": 288, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "12 years of age"}, {"start": 725, "end": 729, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 950, "end": 958, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 961, "end": 979, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Health"}, {"start": 989, "end": 991, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "91"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1005, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1012, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "54"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1020, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1076, "end": 1080, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1162, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 1167, "end": 1171, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1205, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Institute of Health"}, {"start": 1217, "end": 1220, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "204"}, {"start": 1229, "end": 1232, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "177"}, {"start": 1301, "end": 1310, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Risaralda"}, {"start": 1315, "end": 1320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Chocó"}]}
{"unique_index": 21625, "source_text": "In the municipality of Pueblo Rico alone, 46 cases were recorded between 2013 and 2014: 32 involving infants under one year old and 11 involving children between one and two years old. Data from Colombia’s National Indigenous Organization, corroborated by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), indicates that two out of every three Emberá women have undergone genital mutilation. Authorities have also identified cases among Afro-Colombian, Raizal, Palenquero, and migrant communities. We are not talking about adults. We are talking, overwhelmingly, about babies. It was precisely this reality that pushed Emberá women themselves — many of them survivors — to stop waiting and begin building solutions from within their communities. The bill grew out of years of dialogue with affected communities that were asking for concrete tools to protect their daughters. Its approach is not punitive, a deliberate choice. Criminalizing grandmothers and traditional birth attendants would only discourage families from taking girls to the hospital when complications arise. More children would die, not fewer. The law establishes an interinstitutional committee made up of government agencies, the Colombian Family Welfare Institute (ICBF), civil society organizations, and representatives from the affected communities themselves.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 23, "end": 34, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pueblo Rico"}, {"start": 42, "end": 44, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "46"}, {"start": 73, "end": 77, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013"}, {"start": 82, "end": 86, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2014"}, {"start": 88, "end": 90, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "32"}, {"start": 115, "end": 127, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "one year old"}, {"start": 132, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "11"}, {"start": 170, "end": 183, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years old"}, {"start": 195, "end": 203, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 206, "end": 238, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Indigenous Organization"}, {"start": 260, "end": 290, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Population Fund"}, {"start": 292, "end": 297, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNFPA"}, {"start": 315, "end": 337, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two out of every three"}, {"start": 951, "end": 979, "label": "JOB", "value": "traditional birth attendants"}, {"start": 1195, "end": 1229, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Colombian Family Welfare Institute"}, {"start": 1231, "end": 1235, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ICBF"}, {"start": 1271, "end": 1286, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}]}
{"unique_index": 21626, "source_text": "It creates care pathways, mandatory healthcare protocols, stronger data collection systems, and an intercultural approach that recognizes the complexity of the issue without using it as an excuse for inaction. Alejandrina Guasorna: A survivor’s testimony In an interview with El Pais , Alejandrina Guasorna remembers when she was 74 years old and her sister confirmed what rumors had long suggested: on the day she was born, someone removed her clitoris. A razor blade, a heated nail, a closed room, and then silence. No one had ever told her. Not her mother, nor any of the women in her Emberá community in Pueblo Rico, Risaralda. She grew up unaware, lived her life unaware, and even became a midwife without knowing, helping bring other girls into the world who may have suffered the same fate. What weighs most heavily in her story is not the moment she cannot remember; it is everything she does remember: the girls who died, the hemorrhages, the infections, the tiny bodies that could not survive. Then came the most devastating sentence of all: “They brought dead girls all the time. We thought it was normal.” It was not ignorance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 210, "end": 230, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alejandrina Guasorna"}, {"start": 276, "end": 283, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "El Pais"}, {"start": 286, "end": 306, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alejandrina Guasorna"}, {"start": 330, "end": 342, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "74 years old"}, {"start": 608, "end": 619, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pueblo Rico"}, {"start": 621, "end": 630, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Risaralda"}, {"start": 695, "end": 702, "label": "JOB", "value": "midwife"}]}
{"unique_index": 21627, "source_text": "It was an entire community conditioned over generations not to see, not to speak; to bury its daughters and move on. Guasorna challenges one of the most common arguments used to justify inaction: this is not an ancient, immutable tradition. Unlike in some African countries, it is not always carried out by traditional midwives. Rather, it is a practice passed down through generations, in marginalized communities with limited access to education and little state presence, where no one explained that what was being done to their bodies was neither normal nor necessary. The road that almost ended before it began The approval of the law was far from easy . The bill passed two debates in the House of Representatives in 2025 and was later unanimously approved by the Senate’s First Committee. Yet for weeks, the final debate, the only remaining step, was buried at positions 12 or 13 on the legislative agenda, behind issues such as school vouchers and transportation subsidies. The deadline was June 20. The presidential runoff election was scheduled for June 21. Few politicians wanted to complicate matters.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 117, "end": 125, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Guasorna"}, {"start": 676, "end": 679, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 695, "end": 719, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "House of Representatives"}, {"start": 723, "end": 727, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 770, "end": 794, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Senate’s First Committee"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1006, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 20"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1066, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 21"}, {"start": 1068, "end": 1071, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Few"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1083, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}]}
{"unique_index": 21628, "source_text": "That the vote happened at all, given Colombia’s political climate , is no small detail. It is the result of years of pressure from women who had nothing to gain politically but everything to gain personally. Female genital mutilation is practiced in at least 94 countries and affects more than 230 million girls and women worldwide. Of those 94 countries where the practice has been documented, only 59 have laws that specifically address it, with most of those laws concentrated in Africa, Europe, and North America. Until the passing of this historic bill, Latin America had none. Leandra Becerra, Equality Now’s legal advisor for Latin America, summarized the significance of the moment after the bill’s approval: “This achievement is the culmination of years of coordinated work by survivors, activists, and lawmakers. The challenge now is ensuring that the law is implemented effectively, with sustained political will and adequate resources, so that no girl in Colombia is ever subjected to female genital mutilation again. President Gustavo Petro must still formally sign the legislation into law, but the hardest part has already happened. Colombia has decided that female genital mutilation can no longer continue.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 45, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 259, "end": 261, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "94"}, {"start": 294, "end": 305, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "230 million"}, {"start": 342, "end": 344, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "94"}, {"start": 400, "end": 402, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "59"}, {"start": 483, "end": 489, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 491, "end": 497, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 503, "end": 516, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North America"}, {"start": 559, "end": 572, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 583, "end": 598, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Leandra Becerra"}, {"start": 600, "end": 612, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Equality Now"}, {"start": 615, "end": 628, "label": "JOB", "value": "legal advisor"}, {"start": 633, "end": 646, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Latin America"}, {"start": 797, "end": 806, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 812, "end": 821, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 837, "end": 840, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 967, "end": 975, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1039, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 1040, "end": 1053, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Gustavo Petro"}, {"start": 1148, "end": 1156, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21629, "source_text": "Hong Kong’s LGBTQ+ communities struggle to survive amid shrinking civic spaces\n\nHong Kong civil society has faced increasing challenges in recent years, including arrests and political prosecution, the disbandment of NGOs, shrinking funding sources, the erosion of the right to protest and assembly, and more, since the enactment of the National Security Law (NSL) in 2020. LGBTQ+ activism has also been negatively affected. Since 2023, the city’s Pride Parade has been forced to move indoors, as organizers could not find public venues where they could freely celebrate. The venue issue also forced the Gay Games 2023 to scale down and the Pink Dot carnival to move indoors. LGBTQ+ advocacy groups have faced drastic reductions in government-related and charity funding. To find out how the city’s LGBTQ+ communities are affected by the post-NSL political environment, Global Voices conducted a face-to-face interview with Peregrine (a pseudonym), a nonbinary activist who discussed the challenges they faced, their survival strategies, and their hopes for the future.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 78, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hong Kong’s LGBTQ+ communities struggle to survive amid shrinking civic spaces"}, {"start": 80, "end": 89, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 337, "end": 358, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Security Law"}, {"start": 360, "end": 363, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NSL"}, {"start": 368, "end": 372, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 431, "end": 435, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 497, "end": 507, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 614, "end": 618, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 641, "end": 649, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pink Dot"}, {"start": 843, "end": 846, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NSL"}, {"start": 870, "end": 883, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 924, "end": 933, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Peregrine"}, {"start": 961, "end": 969, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}]}
{"unique_index": 21630, "source_text": "GV: How do you account for the clampdown on LGBTQ+ rights in recent years, especially since the enactment of NSL in 2020? Peregrine: LGBTQ+ [people] used to be part of the Hong Kong democracy movement, as the community’s earliest campaigns were along the legal and judicial fronts, which included the enactment of the Bill of Rights and the decriminalization of homosexual acts between consenting adults in 1991 and judicial reviews against the government’s discriminatory policies towards legally married same-sex couples. Many human rights lawyers who acted on behalf of the LGBTQ+ community were affiliated with the democratic movement, and hence the two movements often went hand in hand. Before the introduction of the National Security Law in 2020, some pro-establishment groups, even the pro-China Federation of Labor Union, had expressed support for LGBTQ+ rights. However, after the passage of the National Security Law and the subsequent mass arrest of the 47 pro-democracy activists, the attitude of the pro-establishment [groups] changed. Hence, I see that the clampdown on LGBTQ+ rights is part of the crackdown on the pro-democracy sector.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 109, "end": 112, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "NSL"}, {"start": 116, "end": 120, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 172, "end": 181, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 318, "end": 332, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Bill of Rights"}, {"start": 407, "end": 411, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1991"}, {"start": 524, "end": 528, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 529, "end": 549, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights lawyers"}, {"start": 654, "end": 657, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 724, "end": 745, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Security Law"}, {"start": 749, "end": 753, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 795, "end": 830, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "pro-China Federation of Labor Union"}, {"start": 907, "end": 928, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "National Security Law"}, {"start": 967, "end": 969, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "47"}, {"start": 984, "end": 993, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21631, "source_text": "I don’t think many pro-establishment figures see LGBTQ+ activities like the 2023 Gay Games or Pride Parade as a threat; they just do not express support because LGBTQ+ rights used to be a pro-democracy agenda. I also suspect that many of them want to align with Beijing’s position and dare not express their view for fear of making a political mistake. As a result, very few extreme conservative voices become representative of the whole establishment. Another issue is that the city law enforcement now opposes public gatherings which are connected to social and political agendas. The whole civil society is muted, and LGBTQ+ [organizations] can’t be exempted from the chilling environment. GV: Can you elaborate further on how the new political order affects the internal dynamics within the LGBTQ+ community? Peregrine: Since no one knows where the red line is, our views are more divided. The marriage right campaign, as an example, Jimmy Sham , while he was still in jail for the 47 activist case, had to withstand internal pressure from a few conservative voices accusing his judicial review for equal marriage rights of being too aggressive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 18, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 76, "end": 80, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 371, "end": 374, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 500, "end": 503, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 986, "end": 988, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "47"}, {"start": 989, "end": 997, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1046, "end": 1049, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}]}
{"unique_index": 21632, "source_text": "Then, as the court of final appeal handed down its ruling in favor of the same-sex partnership framework, some were satisfied with the result, while a few insisted on pushing for equal marriage rights. That’s why we did not have any public D-day celebration. The irony was that after all the legal hustle to push the government to introduce a same-sex partnership registration framework, the legislative council voted down the government bill in September 2025. GV: How do you navigate the “red lines”? Peregrine: It is very difficult to navigate red lines under the current politicized environment. Even the pro-establishment does not know where they lie. One example is the 2023 Gay Games. The event was endorsed by the Hong Kong Tourism Board to promote the city as a diverse and open society. However, the Games eventually had little government support and had to rely on school venues to host many sports competitions. Another example is the annual Pink Dot outdoor carnival, which is considered too commercial within the LGBTQ+ community. Yet even such a mild event has faced abrupt venue cancellations in the past two years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 151, "end": 154, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 446, "end": 460, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2025"}, {"start": 657, "end": 660, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 676, "end": 680, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 722, "end": 731, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 898, "end": 902, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 954, "end": 962, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pink Dot"}, {"start": 1116, "end": 1130, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past two years"}]}
{"unique_index": 21633, "source_text": "After the 10th anniversary of the carnival in September 2024, Pink Dot was abruptly denied permission to operate an outdoor event by the West Kowloon Cultural District Authority in 2025 and by Link REIT in 2026, forcing the carnival to move online and indoors, respectively. Peregrine: What we are facing now is also a global backlash against LGBTQ+ people. For example, last year in Kazakhstan, they passed a law to ban so-called ‘ LGBTQ+ propaganda ,’ and they considered any positive display of non-mainstream sexual orientation ‘propaganda.’ As for the authorities in Hong Kong, they just want to fulfil the minimum human rights standard laid out by the United Nations, which means they allow the community to exist but prefer them not to come out in public. That’s why we could not find public venues for our activities. International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia and Transphobia ( IDAHOT ) has remained a publicly visible LGBTQ+ activity, with LGBTQ+ rights NGOs setting up street booths in Causeway Bay to advocate for sexual minorities’ equal rights, thanks to the support of Consulates from European Countries.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 46, "end": 60, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "September 2024"}, {"start": 62, "end": 70, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pink Dot"}, {"start": 137, "end": 177, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "West Kowloon Cultural District Authority"}, {"start": 181, "end": 185, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 206, "end": 210, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 305, "end": 308, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 371, "end": 380, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "last year"}, {"start": 384, "end": 394, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 572, "end": 581, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 658, "end": 672, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1013, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Causeway Bay"}]}
{"unique_index": 21634, "source_text": "GV: How does the venue issue affect the city’s LGBTQ+ movement in Hong Kong? Peregrine: An important front of the LGBTQ+ movement is encouraging the community to come out with pride through parades and rallies, which also provide us with opportunities to meet each other face-to-face, discuss important issues, and build consensus. Those who have not reconciled with their sexual orientation and gender identity need to see each other to resolve their inner conflict. Moreover, our coming out in sexy outfits or as drag queens can inspire the mainstream to embrace inclusion. But we don’t have the space to do that now. In 2023, the government-funded Radio Television Broadcast also cut its “We are Family” program , which was launched in 2006 to educate citizens on sexual diversity. GV: There are many media reports about LGBTQ+ NGOs suffering from funding cuts. Do you have any insider views on the situation?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 66, "end": 75, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 520, "end": 526, "label": "JOB", "value": "queens"}, {"start": 615, "end": 618, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 623, "end": 627, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 651, "end": 677, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Radio Television Broadcast"}, {"start": 739, "end": 743, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2006"}, {"start": 799, "end": 803, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21635, "source_text": "Peregrine: In the past, aside from direct funding from public institutions such as the Equal Opportunities Commissions, resources for LGBTQ+ community building also came from the advocacy front of major NGOs and Charities, which appropriated health and social service grants for advocacy work, such as community empowerment. In the past few years, most of these institutions have cut their advocacy front for fear of losing government support for their work. GV: What spaces remain for LGBTQ+ activism? Peregrine: I foresee LGBTQ+ activism becoming highly individualized. In fact, on social media platforms, particularly on Threads, there is no shortage of positive LGBTQ+ content, and when dialogues emerge, we can see clusters of like-minded people in the networks. I would name such clusters ‘queer spaces.’ However, thanks to the algorithm, they are less visible to those outside of the circle. You can say that we are being forced into a semi-underground mode, and we have to keep expanding the underground spaces by digging our own virtual and physical ‘rabbit holes,’ so that we can build an urban tribe for mutual aid, like the New York ballroom culture in the 19th and 20th centuries.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 332, "end": 346, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past few years"}, {"start": 624, "end": 631, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Threads"}]}
{"unique_index": 21636, "source_text": "GV: Do you have any hopes for the future of Hong Kong’s LGBTQ+ movement? Peregrine: Even before the decriminalization of homosexuality in Hong Kong in the 1990s, the LGBTQ+ community had found ways to survive. Currently, the public acceptance of sexual diversity remains high, and there are still private venues available for us to host smaller-scale activities such as LGBTQ+ film festivals. What we need is for every individual to take responsibility for defending the space by attending LGBTQ+ events and donating to advocacy groups. We can’t be free-riders anymore. Although the authorities want to further marginalize the LGBTQ+ community, they can’t deny our existence. Even in China, despite the heavy-handed crackdown on the LGBTQ+ community, the country launched its first transgender clinic in 2024, allowed the organization of Diversity Week in Beijing to mark the International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia and Transphobia (IDAHOT) in 2025, and gave single women access to artificial insemination. If Hong Kong wants to remain an international city, it has to be far better than that.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 44, "end": 53, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 138, "end": 147, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}, {"start": 155, "end": 160, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1990s"}, {"start": 210, "end": 219, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Currently"}, {"start": 684, "end": 689, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 804, "end": 808, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 951, "end": 955, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1026, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hong Kong"}]}
{"unique_index": 21637, "source_text": "Planes don't fly on masculinity: Why society views women in transportation as an anomaly\n\nThe plane had barely left the ground before everything started going wrong. Air traffic controllers were left stunned when a loud explosion and the emergence of a thick cloud of black smoke replaced the airspace Air Algerie Flight 6289 had been mere moments before. In one of my all-time favorite shows, Mayday Air Disaster , Season 26 (the most recent season), Episode 7, entitled “Divided in Crisis” and released on February 16, 2025, investigators revisit the harrowing tragedy of Air Algerie Flight 6289, a Boeing 737-200 that crashed shortly after takeoff from Tamanrasset Airport in southern Algeria at the end of a runway on March 6, 2003. What began as a routine flight in perfect weather conditions quickly spiraled into catastrophe after an engine failure during takeoff forced the crew into several split-second decisions that ultimately led to the loss of the flight. There were two pilots in the cockpit that day: the woman pilot, who was supposed to be in charge of flight controls, and the supervising pilot, who was an older man.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 88, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Planes don't fly on masculinity: Why society views women in transportation as an anomaly"}, {"start": 423, "end": 425, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26"}, {"start": 460, "end": 461, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7"}, {"start": 508, "end": 525, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 16, 2025"}, {"start": 608, "end": 615, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "737-200"}, {"start": 656, "end": 675, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tamanrasset Airport"}, {"start": 688, "end": 695, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Algeria"}, {"start": 722, "end": 735, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 6, 2003"}, {"start": 892, "end": 899, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 981, "end": 984, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 985, "end": 991, "label": "JOB", "value": "pilots"}, {"start": 1007, "end": 1015, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that day"}, {"start": 1027, "end": 1032, "label": "JOB", "value": "pilot"}, {"start": 1107, "end": 1112, "label": "JOB", "value": "pilot"}]}
{"unique_index": 21638, "source_text": "Watching this particular episode unsettled me, but not for the obvious reasons. It’s quite terrifying how quickly everyday decisions and mundane moments can turn into irreversible tragedies. That particular episode forced me to delve into why society as a whole views women in transportation as an anomaly. Stereotypes about African women in transportation I’m a 23-year-old African woman, and I have spent most of my life noticing how competence is still quietly treated as a masculine trait. Not in the loud, obvious ways people imagine sexism looks today. Modern sexism is often quieter than that. It hides in reactions, assumptions, body language, jokes, hesitation, and the strange surprises people still have whenever women occupy positions associated with control. Especially behind a steering wheel, especially inside a cockpit. Even now, there are people who become visibly uncomfortable when they realize their Uber driver is a woman. Some quietly cancel rides. Others spend the trip hyper-aware of every turn, every brake, every lane change, every little maneuver, as if awaiting proof that women are naturally worse drivers than men.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 363, "end": 374, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "23-year-old"}, {"start": 552, "end": 557, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 842, "end": 845, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 921, "end": 925, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Uber"}, {"start": 926, "end": 932, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 1128, "end": 1135, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21639, "source_text": "I notice this dynamic everywhere. In many African countries, transportation spaces still feel heavily gendered. Taxi ranks, omnibuses, buses, trucking routes, and aviation spaces are still overwhelmingly associated with men. A woman driving an omnibus still catches people off guard in ways a man never would. A female pilot’s voice over an intercom still surprises some passengers. Some people will instinctively trust a male driver before they trust a woman with the exact same qualifications. What fascinates me is how normalized these reactions are. People laugh about women drivers so casually that they rarely stop to ask themselves what exactly they are implying. Because what does society actually believe? Maybe that planes are somehow kept in the air through masculinity? Maybe buses become softer because female hands are operating them? I guess it comes from the belief that leadership, technical precision, and calmness under pressure are biologically male characteristics. It sounds absurd when said out loud. Skill has never belonged to one gender Transportation systems do not operate on gender. They operate on training, communication, discipline, regulations, teamwork, and skill.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 37, "end": 41, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 427, "end": 433, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 579, "end": 586, "label": "JOB", "value": "drivers"}, {"start": 1052, "end": 1055, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21640, "source_text": "A Boeing 737 does not respond differently because a woman is in the cockpit, nor does a bus or truck. And yet women in transportation are still treated like phenomena instead of professionals. What frustrates me the most about this topic is that society has already proven it can evolve beyond those stereotypes when it wants to. For years, men working as cashiers in retail stores were viewed strangely because customer service and cashier work were considered “women’s jobs.” A man standing behind a register would have looked quite unusual to people a few years ago. Over time, society adapted, though. Today, most people barely think twice about male cashiers. So, clearly, these gendered ideas are not fixed. Yet when it comes to women in transportation, society still feels emotionally stuck in the past. Women are still expected to prove themselves before they are trusted. Men, meanwhile, are often trusted first and evaluated later. And the pressure this creates is exhausting. Double standards against women As women, especially African women, we grow up understanding that mistakes are rarely viewed as individual.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 12, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "737"}, {"start": 555, "end": 568, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few years ago"}, {"start": 606, "end": 611, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21641, "source_text": "One woman struggling in a male-dominated space somehow becomes evidence against women as a whole. Meanwhile, men are allowed the luxury of being seen as individuals. A bad male driver is just a bad driver. A bad female driver somehow becomes a conversation about women. That double standard follows women everywhere. You see it in the workplace, in classrooms, in leadership spaces, in conversations about engineering, technology, politics, and science. Confidence in men is interpreted as authority, while confidence in women is often interpreted as attitude. Men are allowed to be assertive. Women are expected to remain agreeable while simultaneously proving they are competent enough to belong. It is exhausting to constantly perform with excellence only to be viewed as adequate. And maybe that is why this conversation matters beyond aeroplanes and omnibuses. Transportation is simply one of the clearest reflections of a bigger social issue; society is still uncomfortable with women occupying spaces associated with authority, technical skill, and control — e ven in 2026, even among people who call themselves progressive.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 3, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 177, "end": 183, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 198, "end": 204, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 219, "end": 225, "label": "JOB", "value": "driver"}, {"start": 1075, "end": 1079, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 21642, "source_text": "What makes that irony painful is that African women have always carried enormous responsibility. Society trusts women to raise children, support households, hold families together emotionally, survive economic hardship, and carry entire communities through crisis. Put a woman behind the controls of a plane, and suddenly, people become nervous. That contradiction says everything. The world has already changed, whether society is emotionally prepared for it or not. Women are flying planes, driving omnibuses, operating public transport systems, navigating cities, and moving economies forward every single day. Young girls are growing up seeing women in positions that previous generations were often told were beyond their reach. However, real progress begins when women in these roles stop feeling symbolic. When hearing a female pilot’s voice over the intercom feels completely ordinary. When competence stops being treated as a male trait. And when society finally grows up enough to understand that skill has never belonged to one gender in the first place.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1035, "end": 1038, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21643, "source_text": "Fake visuals, defamed civilians, and fabricated wars: How Indian mainstream media failed during operation Sindoor\n\nIn early May 2025, India launched “ Operation Sindoor ”, a military response to a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir , that killed 26 tourists. Indian officials blamed Pakistan for the attack — an accusation that Pakistani officials staunchly denied. As the nation braced for heightened hostilities with Pakistan, millions turned to their television screens for accurate coverage of the national security crisis. What they received instead, across multiple major news channels, was a barrage of fabricated visuals, defamed civilians, and entirely fictional war reports. This article documents three patterns of journalistic failure during Operation Sindoor, based on formal complaints filed with broadcasting regulators, independent fact-checking investigations, court orders, and an expose by The Washington Post. When a teacher became a “terrorist” On May 7, 2025, as cross-border shelling intensified along the Line of Control in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, a 47-year-old religious teacher named Maulana Qari Mohammad Iqbal stepped out to buy groceries for his students in India.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 113, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Fake visuals, defamed civilians, and fabricated wars: How Indian mainstream media failed during operation Sindoor"}, {"start": 124, "end": 132, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 134, "end": 139, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 282, "end": 284, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26"}, {"start": 319, "end": 327, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 455, "end": 463, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 465, "end": 473, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 744, "end": 749, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 949, "end": 964, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Washington Post"}, {"start": 973, "end": 980, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1016, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2025"}, {"start": 1113, "end": 1124, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "47-year-old"}, {"start": 1135, "end": 1142, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 1162, "end": 1176, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohammad Iqbal"}, {"start": 1226, "end": 1231, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 21644, "source_text": "He was among twelve civilians killed that day by Pakistani artillery fire. But while his family began grieving, India’s News18 MP Chhattisgarh broadcast a segment that transformed their tragedy into a nightmare. The channel misidentified Iqbal as a “top Lashkar-e-Taiba commander” and a “most-wanted terrorist” killed in an Indian airstrike. The broadcast used his photograph, taken from a condolence post shared by a colleague, and paired it with dramatic triumphal rhetoric. The reality was completely different. The Poonch Police officially confirmed that Iqbal had no links to any militant organisation and was a respected religious figure in the local community. His family publicly condemned the coverage. “We were already wounded, and now this tragedy has struck us”, said his brother-in-law, Ishaq Khayan. Other channels followed the same path. Republic World labelled Iqbal a “top LeT ( Lashkar-e-Taiba ) commander involved in major terror attacks, including Pulwama ”, while Zee News called him a “terrorist” killed during Operation Sindoor. Local residents staged protests over the false accusations.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 19, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "twelve"}, {"start": 37, "end": 45, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that day"}, {"start": 112, "end": 117, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 120, "end": 142, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "News18 MP Chhattisgarh"}, {"start": 238, "end": 243, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Iqbal"}, {"start": 254, "end": 269, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Lashkar-e-Taiba"}, {"start": 270, "end": 279, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander"}, {"start": 519, "end": 532, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Poonch Police"}, {"start": 559, "end": 564, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Iqbal"}, {"start": 742, "end": 745, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 877, "end": 882, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Iqbal"}, {"start": 914, "end": 923, "label": "JOB", "value": "commander"}, {"start": 985, "end": 993, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zee News"}]}
{"unique_index": 21645, "source_text": "The Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP), a human rights organisation, filed a formal complaint with the News Broadcasting & Digital Standards Authority ( NBDSA ) against News18 MP Chhattisgarh , detailing violations of accuracy, impartiality, privacy, and responsible crime reporting. On June 28, 2025, a court in the Punch district of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir delivered a landmark judgment . Sub-Judge Shafeeq Ahmed directed the Jammu and Kashmir Police to register a First Information Report ( FIR ) against News18, Zee News, and unspecified editorial staff under provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (Indian Justice Code), related to public mischief, defamation, and promoting enmity between religious groups, as well as under Section 66 of India’s Information Technology Act . The court’s observations were critical. “The act of branding a deceased civilian teacher of a local religious seminary as a ‘Pakistani terrorist’ without any verification, particularly during a period of Indo-Pak hostilities, cannot be dismissed as a mere journalistic lapse”, the judge wrote .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 105, "end": 152, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "News Broadcasting & Digital Standards Authority"}, {"start": 171, "end": 193, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "News18 MP Chhattisgarh"}, {"start": 289, "end": 302, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 28, 2025"}, {"start": 415, "end": 420, "label": "JOB", "value": "Judge"}, {"start": 421, "end": 434, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Shafeeq Ahmed"}, {"start": 448, "end": 472, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Jammu and Kashmir Police"}, {"start": 536, "end": 544, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zee News"}, {"start": 627, "end": 646, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Indian Justice Code"}, {"start": 767, "end": 801, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "India’s Information Technology Act"}, {"start": 885, "end": 892, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1090, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}]}
{"unique_index": 21646, "source_text": "The court further observed that while some channels had issued apologies following public backlash, “an apology may have mitigating value at the stage of sentencing but does not preclude the statutory duty of police to register an FIR”. The family, represented by advocate Sheikh Mohammad Saleem, has since filed defamation lawsuits seeking INR 50 million (USD 528,500) in damages. “It still haunts us”, said Tariq Manzoor , Iqbal’s nephew. “They showed his bloodied body and claimed he was behind Pulwama. These lies have deeply wounded our family and community”. Recycled wars: How Aaj Tak sold old footage as “Live Combat” While News18 invented terrorists, Aaj Tak, one of India’s largest Hindi news channels, invented a war . On two separate occasions in May 2025, the channel broadcast outdated footage from entirely different conflicts, falsely presenting it as real-time visuals of Indian military operations. The first incident dates to May 7, 2025, when senior anchor Anjana Om Kashyap was hosting a segment. The broadcast showed dramatic visuals of missiles being launched and claimed they depicted Indian strikes on terrorist infrastructure in Bahawalpur, Pakistan.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 280, "end": 295, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mohammad Saleem"}, {"start": 345, "end": 355, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50 million"}, {"start": 361, "end": 368, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "528,500"}, {"start": 425, "end": 430, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Iqbal"}, {"start": 584, "end": 591, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aaj Tak"}, {"start": 660, "end": 667, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aaj Tak"}, {"start": 676, "end": 681, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 733, "end": 736, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 759, "end": 767, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 945, "end": 956, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 7, 2025"}, {"start": 977, "end": 994, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anjana Om Kashyap"}, {"start": 1155, "end": 1165, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bahawalpur"}, {"start": 1167, "end": 1175, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}]}
{"unique_index": 21647, "source_text": "However, reverse image searches traced the footage to a Sputnik Armenia news report published on October 13, 2023, which clearly stated that the video showed Israeli airstrikes on Gaza. The visuals had nothing to do with India, Pakistan, or Operation Sindoor. Just two days later, on May 9, 2025, Aaj Tak repeated the offence . The channel aired a video showing an air defence system intercepting incoming threats. Anchor Anjana Om Kashyap claimed the footage showed a Pakistani air attack being stopped in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. Independent fact-checking revealed that the original video had been uploaded to YouTube on May 10, 2021, four years before the broadcast by NSF Channel. The accompanying caption explicitly identified the visuals as showing Israel’s Iron Dome air defence system. The CJP filed a formal complaint against Aaj Tak for both broadcasts, noting that the channel aired no corrective statements or clarifications. The complaint detailed violations of NBDSA guidelines on impartiality, accuracy, and, critically, national security. By broadcasting fake visuals of active combat during a live military situation, the channel risked misleading international observers and inflaming tensions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 71, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Armenia"}, {"start": 97, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "October 13, 2023"}, {"start": 221, "end": 226, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 228, "end": 236, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 265, "end": 279, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two days later"}, {"start": 284, "end": 295, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 9, 2025"}, {"start": 297, "end": 304, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aaj Tak"}, {"start": 422, "end": 439, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anjana Om Kashyap"}, {"start": 609, "end": 616, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "YouTube"}, {"start": 620, "end": 632, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 10, 2021"}, {"start": 634, "end": 651, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four years before"}, {"start": 669, "end": 680, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NSF Channel"}, {"start": 752, "end": 758, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 832, "end": 839, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aaj Tak"}, {"start": 844, "end": 848, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21648, "source_text": "Fiction as news: The Washington Post exposes the war that never was The failures of News18 and Aaj Tak were not isolated. According to a comprehensive investigation published by The Washington Post in June 2025, the problem was systemic, involving multiple major news channels. The Washington Post report named Zee News, NDTV, Aaj Tak, and Times Now as among the channels that broadcast fabricated war reports, including claims that Karachi had been destroyed, Pakistan’s army chief had been arrested, and Pakistan’s Prime Minister had surrendered. These claims were presented as breaking news without any confirmation from the Indian military. The Post described Indian television coverage as being “in the grip of fiction writers”. The report further alleged that retired Indian military officials were brought in as pundits to lend credibility to fabricated narratives, and that unverified “leaks” from government-affiliated WhatsApp groups were relayed to news anchors without journalistic verification. One Indian security official anonymously admitted to The Washington Post that spreading misinformation was a deliberate war tactic, one that ultimately backfired and embarrassed India on the global stage.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 21, "end": 36, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Washington Post"}, {"start": 95, "end": 102, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aaj Tak"}, {"start": 182, "end": 197, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Washington Post"}, {"start": 201, "end": 210, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2025"}, {"start": 282, "end": 297, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Washington Post"}, {"start": 311, "end": 319, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Zee News"}, {"start": 321, "end": 325, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NDTV"}, {"start": 327, "end": 334, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aaj Tak"}, {"start": 340, "end": 349, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Times Now"}, {"start": 461, "end": 469, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 506, "end": 514, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 517, "end": 531, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 724, "end": 731, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 928, "end": 936, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1011, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 1065, "end": 1080, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Washington Post"}, {"start": 1186, "end": 1191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}]}
{"unique_index": 21649, "source_text": "The CJP’s complaints against six channels, Aaj Tak, ABP News, Times Now Navbharat, NDTV, India TV, and News18, further detailed how recycled footage from the Israel-Gaza conflict and four-year-old videos of Israel’s Iron Dome were systematically passed off as exclusive visuals of India’s military prowess. The cost of abandoning journalism The consequences of this misinformation campaign extend far beyond reputational damage. A grieving family has had to fight a defamation battle while mourning their loss. A religious community has seen one of its respected teachers falsely branded a terrorist on national television. The Indian public was systematically misled about the nature of military operations during an active conflict. The Poonch court’s words serve as an apt conclusion. “Freedom of the press does not grant a license to publish defamatory or misleading material”, the judge wrote, “and when such conduct results in serious harm to individuals or society at large, it must be addressed in accordance with law”. As India reflects on the media’s performance during Operation Sindoor, one question remains: will there be accountability, or will the next crisis bring another round of recycled footage, defamed civilians, and wars that never happened?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 32, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 43, "end": 50, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Aaj Tak"}, {"start": 52, "end": 60, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "ABP News"}, {"start": 62, "end": 81, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Times Now Navbharat"}, {"start": 83, "end": 87, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "NDTV"}, {"start": 89, "end": 94, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 158, "end": 164, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 183, "end": 196, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "four-year-old"}, {"start": 207, "end": 213, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Israel"}, {"start": 281, "end": 286, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 563, "end": 571, "label": "JOB", "value": "teachers"}, {"start": 886, "end": 891, "label": "JOB", "value": "judge"}, {"start": 1031, "end": 1036, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1102, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}]}
{"unique_index": 21650, "source_text": "Can the Special Seats Bill deliver the gender parity Nigeria needs?\n\nHundreds of women rallied in Nigeria’s capital city, Abuja, on June 11, urging lawmakers to pass the Special Seats Bill (also known as the Reserved Seats Bill), a constitutional amendment designed to tackle the severe underrepresentation of women in parliament . Despite comprising 50 percent of Nigeria’s population, women hold just 4.5 percent of seats in the National Assembly . Nigeria consistently ranks near the bottom globally and in Africa in terms of women’s parliamentary representation. The proposed law seeks to create 37 additional seats reserved exclusively for female candidates in both the Senate and House of Representatives (one per state plus the Federal Capital Territory), as well as three dedicated seats per state assembly. These new positions, to be contested only by women in general elections, are framed as temporary affirmative action to advance gender parity and inclusive governance.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 67, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Can the Special Seats Bill deliver the gender parity Nigeria needs?"}, {"start": 69, "end": 77, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Hundreds"}, {"start": 98, "end": 105, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 132, "end": 139, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 11"}, {"start": 148, "end": 157, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 170, "end": 188, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Special Seats Bill"}, {"start": 208, "end": 227, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Reserved Seats Bill"}, {"start": 351, "end": 353, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "50"}, {"start": 365, "end": 372, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 403, "end": 406, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4.5"}, {"start": 431, "end": 448, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 451, "end": 458, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 510, "end": 516, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 600, "end": 602, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "37"}, {"start": 666, "end": 670, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 686, "end": 710, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "House of Representatives"}, {"start": 712, "end": 715, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 735, "end": 760, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Federal Capital Territory"}, {"start": 774, "end": 779, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}]}
{"unique_index": 21651, "source_text": "Why some advocates support the passage of the bill Ifebuchechukwu Francisca Edeh, a gender and youth advocate and founder of the Touch to Heal initiative, told Global Voices that structural barriers have prevented women from achieving meaningful representation in existing political processes. For much of the country’s modern history, access to political representation in Nigeria has been systematically denied to women. There are structural barriers such as discriminatory laws, cultural norms, marriage, and economic disadvantages. Without interventions, the cycle of exclusion continues. Special seats are not permanent solutions; they are transitional mechanisms to dismantle systemic barriers. Once equity is achieved, the need for such measures diminishes. The proposal is not emerging in a vacuum. For years, women’s groups, civil society organizations, and some lawmakers have pushed for reforms aimed at increasing female political participation. Previous efforts, including gender-related constitutional amendments and political party commitments, have yielded limited results. Yet, supporters of the bill remain hopeful. Esther Ogbomo, a podcaster in Abuja, told Global Voices that she’s optimistic the bill will be passed into law.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 51, "end": 80, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ifebuchechukwu Francisca Edeh"}, {"start": 114, "end": 121, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 160, "end": 173, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 374, "end": 381, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nigeria"}, {"start": 872, "end": 881, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 1164, "end": 1169, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Abuja"}, {"start": 1176, "end": 1189, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21652, "source_text": "I believe the Special Seats Bill has a good chance of being passed because there is increasing recognition of the need to improve women’s representation in politics. With continued advocacy, public support, and commitment from lawmakers, the bill could help address the significant gender gap in political leadership. While challenges remain, the growing conversation around inclusion and equitable representation makes me cautiously optimistic about its passage. African countries that have adopted quota systems or reserved seats for women, such as Rwanda, Senegal, and South Africa, have significantly higher levels of female representation in legislative bodies. Criticisms of the Special Seats Bill Critics, however, question whether reserved seats are the appropriate solution. Christopher Olusa, a youth advocate and public speaker, believes that the special seats bill is unnecessary. He told Global Voices: It is not supposed to be a matter of gender but the needs of the constituents.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 14, "end": 32, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Special Seats Bill"}, {"start": 227, "end": 236, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 551, "end": 557, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Rwanda"}, {"start": 559, "end": 566, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 572, "end": 584, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Africa"}, {"start": 667, "end": 703, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Criticisms of the Special Seats Bill"}, {"start": 784, "end": 801, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Christopher Olusa"}, {"start": 901, "end": 914, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21653, "source_text": "We have the right in our current democracy to elect whoever we want, regardless of gender, so the special seats bill now creates the opinion that seats should be handed to people just because they’re women. Another reason I do not support the bill is that we’re at a time where a lot of people, including myself, want a reduction in the cost of governance, even eliminating one of the chambers. The bicameral system of legislature is expensive, so creating special seats is like adding to the burden, and I don’t believe that it might provide efficient results. I am also not convinced that when seats are created because of gender, that if or when these people get elected, they will not be regarded as equal to other elected politicians. The Special Seats Bill currently remains at the committee stage in the National Assembly, where it is scheduled for voting/clause-by-clause consideration on July 7, with advocates continuing to push for its passage before the end of the current legislative term.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 117, "end": 120, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 727, "end": 738, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 740, "end": 762, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The Special Seats Bill"}, {"start": 763, "end": 772, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 811, "end": 828, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 897, "end": 903, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 7"}]}
{"unique_index": 21654, "source_text": "Haiti: Fleeing is not enough in Port-au-Prince and other major cities\n\nHaiti remains under the grip of armed gang federations. These include Viv Ansanm (“Living Together”), led by Jimmy “Barbecue” Chérizier , a former police officer turned one of the country’s most notorious gang leaders. The group emerged out of the G9 federation , founded in 2020 to unite rival gangs. As one unit, these gangs now control a significant share of the capital, Port-au-Prince, and major national highways — including a significant share of Port-au-Prince’s metropolitan region and strategic national highways leading to the Great North and the Great South — inflicting acts of violence on civilians, including sexual assault, kidnapping, extortion, and arson. With more than 1.5 million internally displaced persons and successive international missions failing to achieve on-the-ground results, the government remains profoundly overwhelmed. On the night of August 17, 46-year-old Marie Rose (pseudonym) and two of her three children were walking home in Carrefour-Feuilles. Power supplies had been cut off , plunging this densely populated neighbourhood in the southern suburbs of Port-au- Prince into darkness. Two armed men ambushed them, forcing Marie Rose into an alleyway and raping her in front of her children. Gangs invaded the neighbourhood the following day.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 69, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Haiti: Fleeing is not enough in Port-au-Prince and other major cities"}, {"start": 71, "end": 76, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 180, "end": 206, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jimmy “Barbecue” Chérizier"}, {"start": 218, "end": 232, "label": "JOB", "value": "police officer"}, {"start": 346, "end": 350, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 376, "end": 379, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 398, "end": 401, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 446, "end": 460, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port-au-Prince"}, {"start": 525, "end": 539, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port-au-Prince"}, {"start": 760, "end": 771, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5 million"}, {"start": 944, "end": 953, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 17"}, {"start": 955, "end": 966, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "46-year-old"}, {"start": 967, "end": 977, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marie Rose"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1010, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1183, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prince"}, {"start": 1199, "end": 1202, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}, {"start": 1236, "end": 1246, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marie Rose"}, {"start": 1341, "end": 1354, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "following day"}]}
{"unique_index": 21655, "source_text": "‘They showed me their weapons’ Recounting what happened that evening in Haitian Creole, Marie Rose said: Li te vè 7 è nan aswè li te fe nwa paske pat gen kouran elektrik, mwen tap mache ak de pitit mwen yo, gen de gason ki rele m, avèk yon vwa awogan. Mwen pa deside vin kote yo paske yo parèt sispèk, epi yo deplase vin anfas mwen, yo leve mayo yo epi yo montre m zam yo. Yo egzije m rantre nan yon koridò (koulwa) epi yo mande m pou mwen kouche atè a. Mwen refize, yo frape m nan vizaj ak kalòt. Se lè sa a mwen obeyi epi yo vyole m. It was around 7 p.m., and I was walking home with two of my children. There was no power, so it was extremely dark. Two men arrogantly called me over, but I stayed back. They looked suspicious. They then stood directly in front of me, lifting their shirts to show me their weapons. They demanded that I go into an alleyway and lie down on the ground. When I refused, they slapped my face. It was at this point that I followed their orders, and they raped me.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 56, "end": 68, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that evening"}, {"start": 88, "end": 98, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marie Rose"}, {"start": 114, "end": 115, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7"}, {"start": 550, "end": 556, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7 p.m."}, {"start": 652, "end": 655, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21656, "source_text": "The children stood outside the alleyway, crying as their mother came out. In the days that followed, she received medical attention and follow-up care, but the experience never left her: Mwen te vle touye tèt mwen, paske chak fwa mwen rete, imaj sa yo monte nan lespri m. Mwen te vle fini ak mwen. Mwen pa fè sa se pou avni pitit mwen yo, mwen pa vle kite yo nan men lòt moun, paske yo pa gen papa. Whenever these images came to mind, I wanted to kill myself. I wanted to end it all. And while I didn’t act on it, it was because of my children’s futures. As they don’t have a father, I don’t want to leave them in the hands of others. The August 17 invasion The August 17, 2023 invasion of Carrefour-Feuilles, headed by Renel Destina (aka “Ti Lapli” — “Little Rain”), leader of the Gran Ravine gang and member of the criminal G9 federation led by Chérizier, was well orchestrated. On August 18 , in the aftermath of the attack, Radio France International (RFI) reported that thousands of residents had fled the blazing neighbourhood.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 639, "end": 648, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 17"}, {"start": 662, "end": 677, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 17, 2023"}, {"start": 847, "end": 856, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Chérizier"}, {"start": 884, "end": 893, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 18"}, {"start": 934, "end": 940, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "France"}, {"start": 956, "end": 959, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RFI"}, {"start": 975, "end": 984, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 21657, "source_text": "Gangs set houses on fire, looted businesses, and destroyed vehicles . Schools, hospitals, and residential buildings were systematically razed. According to quarterly reports from the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti ( BINUH ) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), dozens were left dead and injured in Carrefour- Feuilles alone. In such an environment, sexual assaults are commonplace. Organisations like the National Human Rights Defense Network (RNDDH) independently document and cross-reference instances of the gang rape of women, girls, and sometimes men, which is routinely used as a weapon. Seeking shelter in the ruins: A four-kilometre trek Forced to flee with her neighbours, Marie Rose walked about four kilometres (about two-and-a-half miles) to reach the Port-au-Prince administrative centre. She and her children sought refuge inside the Rex Theatre, an abandoned cinema in Champ de Mars near the National Palace , an area severely damaged during the 2010 earthquake : Lè nou te rive andan li te sal anpil chaje fatra, zèb pouse tout kote, men nou mete ansanm nou fè netwayaj, se la nou bati abri pou nou rete.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 183, "end": 215, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations Integrated Office"}, {"start": 219, "end": 224, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 243, "end": 283, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "International Organization for Migration"}, {"start": 285, "end": 288, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "IOM"}, {"start": 291, "end": 297, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 435, "end": 472, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Human Rights Defense Network"}, {"start": 474, "end": 479, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "RNDDH"}, {"start": 712, "end": 722, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marie Rose"}, {"start": 736, "end": 740, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 794, "end": 808, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port-au-Prince"}, {"start": 991, "end": 995, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2010"}]}
{"unique_index": 21658, "source_text": "Once inside, it was very dirty, full of trash and debris, and covered with weeds. However, together, we cleaned up and built shelters to stay in. The shelters are makeshift, made from scrap metal, carpets, and plastic sheeting. When the sun beats down, the air becomes unbreathable, and when it rains, mud and water flood the living spaces. Odours linger, and the heat is suffocating. There is also no security within the camp, as the gang-controlled territory begins just a few hundred metres away: Mwen pa soti san bezwen, si mwen soti se pou mwen regle yon bagay ak pou pitit mwen yo, paske anpil fwa gen afwontman fòs polis yo ak gang yo, sa rive konn gen katouch ki frape mi deyò kan. I only go out when absolutely necessary. As there are often clashes between the gangs and the police, I only go out to run errands, or for my children. Stray bullets have already hit the camp’s exterior walls . Surviving in the camp Although international organisations sometimes provide direct aid, it remains infrequent; far more frequent are other forms of abuse.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 475, "end": 486, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few hundred"}]}
{"unique_index": 21659, "source_text": "Réseau National de Défense des Droits Humains (RNDDH) and other human rights organisations have widely reported that the camp’s internal management committee often extorts women and girls, demanding sexual favors in exchange for food and hygiene kits . Despite everything, Marie Rose has successfully restarted her small business, selling bread, cookies, patties, juice, and cigarettes on the neighbourhood’s streets. Since her husband died in a road accident in 2021, she has been the sole provider for her two daughters, aged 13 and 15, and son, aged 17: Mwen rekòmanse ak ti biznis mwen an ak sipò zanmi ke mwen gen lontan mwen byen ak yo, se yo ki ede m, epi kote mwen te konn achte an gwo avan sitiyasyon an te vin dejenere yo vann mwen ak kredi, se konsa mwen reprann ti komès la. I restarted my small business with the support of my longtime friends. Also, because the wholesalers where I used to buy in bulk, before things spiraled, let me buy on credit, I could start over. A country under gang control Marie Rose’s ordeal isn’t unique.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 273, "end": 283, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marie Rose"}, {"start": 463, "end": 467, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 508, "end": 511, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 528, "end": 530, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "13"}, {"start": 535, "end": 537, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "15"}, {"start": 553, "end": 555, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "17"}, {"start": 1012, "end": 1022, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marie Rose"}]}
{"unique_index": 21660, "source_text": "According to United Nations figures published in June 2026, it is an everyday reality for more than 1.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Haiti. Families have to survive in temporary overcrowded locations, public schools, abandoned administrative buildings and vacant land, all while being exposed to heat, floods, disease, and violence. In the Artibonite department, gangs continue to hound farmers, burning down houses and destroying crops. In Port-au-Prince, kidnappings, gang rapes, extortion, and arson attacks are also ongoing. Rival gangs regularly clash over territory control, making citizens the hostages of their wars. Faced with the current situation, the government remains largely unresponsive. Although Haitian National Police (HNP) and the Armed Forces of Haiti (FAd'H) have continued their efforts to regain control of downtown Port-au-Prince, they have made little progress. Community self-defence groups and vigilante brigades have launched a grassroots resistance movement , sometimes in collaboration with law enforcement, but they lack the means required to reverse the balance of power. Internationally, a new mission, the Gang Suppression Force (GSF), has been deployed to replace the Kenya-led Multinational Security Support (MSS) mission. However, Haitians remain highly sceptical given that the previous mission failed to achieve tangible results.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 13, "end": 27, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "United Nations"}, {"start": 49, "end": 58, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2026"}, {"start": 100, "end": 111, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5 million"}, {"start": 151, "end": 156, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 405, "end": 412, "label": "JOB", "value": "farmers"}, {"start": 459, "end": 473, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port-au-Prince"}, {"start": 731, "end": 754, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Haitian National Police"}, {"start": 756, "end": 759, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "HNP"}, {"start": 785, "end": 790, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 858, "end": 872, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port-au-Prince"}, {"start": 1159, "end": 1181, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gang Suppression Force"}, {"start": 1183, "end": 1186, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "GSF"}, {"start": 1222, "end": 1227, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kenya"}]}
{"unique_index": 21666, "source_text": "Fortress Europe: the new pact on migration and asylum will further deteriorate chances for LGBTQ+ refugees\n\nThere are no specific statistics on LGBTQ+ refugees from Russia applying for asylum in the European Union. However, even before the EU’s new set of laws on migration and asylum came into force in June 2026, the rate of acceptance was very low. According to Novaya Gazeta Europe, of the 8,000 asylum claims made by Russian refugees in 2024, Germany’s Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) granted just 414, rejected 3,652, and put another 4,000 on hold pending the provision of further information, a 19 percent decrease from 2023. Russia has passed three laws aimed at curtailing the rights of queer people. In 2022, it expanded the 2013 law banning “LGBT propaganda”; publicly speaking about queer people became illegal (the first iteration of the law mentioned prohibiting LGBTQ+ propaganda to children). The very next year, Russian lawmakers banned gender transition, cutting trans people off from medical care. At the time, experts warned that the law would lead to a rise in suicides ; support groups have reported a sharp increase in requests for psychological, legal and practical help.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 106, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Fortress Europe: the new pact on migration and asylum will further deteriorate chances for LGBTQ+ refugees"}, {"start": 165, "end": 171, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 199, "end": 213, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 240, "end": 242, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 304, "end": 313, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2026"}, {"start": 365, "end": 385, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Novaya Gazeta Europe"}, {"start": 394, "end": 399, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "8,000"}, {"start": 442, "end": 446, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 448, "end": 455, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 458, "end": 499, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Federal Office for Migration and Refugees"}, {"start": 501, "end": 505, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BAMF"}, {"start": 520, "end": 523, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "414"}, {"start": 534, "end": 539, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,652"}, {"start": 557, "end": 562, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4,000"}, {"start": 619, "end": 621, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "19"}, {"start": 644, "end": 648, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 650, "end": 656, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 668, "end": 673, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 730, "end": 734, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 752, "end": 756, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2013"}, {"start": 935, "end": 944, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next year"}, {"start": 954, "end": 963, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21667, "source_text": "Finally, at the beginning of 2024, the non-existent “international LGBT movement” was recognized as an extremist organization in Russia, making it no longer safe for queer people to live openly in the country. The move effectively puts LGBTQ+ rights work at risk of criminal prosecution. The first criminal case for “LGBT extremism” is currently being heard in Orenburg : several people face up to ten years in prison simply for working at a local gay club. Many activists have been forced to leave Russia , fearing charges that can carry long jail terms. Now, the new Pact on Migration and Asylum, a set of regulations changing the rules for asylum seekers across Europe, aims to ensure that more cases are handled directly at external borders and airports, before people are admitted into EU territory. It will allow for faster rejections and returns, and tighten controls on movement within the European Union. For human rights defenders, this means that protecting people will become significantly more difficult, as applicants will be confined to border zones. In addition, the regulations introduce the concept of so-called “safe third countries,” meaning states outside of the EU through which an asylum seeker entered the Union, and where they could have applied for international protection.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 29, "end": 33, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 129, "end": 135, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 336, "end": 345, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 372, "end": 379, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 398, "end": 407, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten years"}, {"start": 458, "end": 462, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 463, "end": 472, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 499, "end": 505, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 556, "end": 559, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}, {"start": 665, "end": 671, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Europe"}, {"start": 791, "end": 793, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 898, "end": 912, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Union"}, {"start": 918, "end": 940, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 1184, "end": 1186, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}]}
{"unique_index": 21668, "source_text": "In other words, if a migrant could have sought asylum in such a country, EU Member States may refuse to examine the application and send the person back to that country. This list of so-called “safe” countries of origin, which includes Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, India, Kosovo, Morocco and Tunisia, has already been approved by Parliament. EU accession candidate countries like Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Türkiye and Ukraine are generally included, subject to some exceptions (e.g. for armed conflict). However, there is also a provision for EU countries to create safe third country lists that take other criteria, such as bilateral agreements, into account. Such bilateral agreements currently exist with Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. A lawyer working with the NGO SK SOS , which helps LGBTQ+ people escape from North Caucasus countries, says that the main risk of the legislation lies in this as-yet-unannounced list of “safe third countries.” If Russian citizens pass through these countries, they may be placed in an accelerated review procedure and could even be denied refugee status.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 73, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 236, "end": 246, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 248, "end": 256, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 258, "end": 263, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Egypt"}, {"start": 265, "end": 270, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 272, "end": 278, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kosovo"}, {"start": 280, "end": 287, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 292, "end": 299, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tunisia"}, {"start": 342, "end": 344, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 380, "end": 387, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Albania"}, {"start": 389, "end": 411, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"}, {"start": 413, "end": 420, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Georgia"}, {"start": 422, "end": 429, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Moldova"}, {"start": 431, "end": 441, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Montenegro"}, {"start": 443, "end": 458, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Macedonia"}, {"start": 460, "end": 466, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Serbia"}, {"start": 468, "end": 475, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Türkiye"}, {"start": 480, "end": 487, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ukraine"}, {"start": 605, "end": 607, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 749, "end": 758, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 770, "end": 777, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Georgia"}, {"start": 779, "end": 786, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Armenia"}, {"start": 788, "end": 798, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Azerbaijan"}, {"start": 800, "end": 810, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 815, "end": 825, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 829, "end": 835, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}]}
{"unique_index": 21669, "source_text": "It will therefore become more difficult for applicants to enter EU countries and apply there for international protection. Accelerated review timelines also imply quicker refusals at an early stage, which are likely to become more frequent. The same lawyer strongly advises asylum seekers to have reliable evidence of persecution in their home country and a clear explanation of why that “third country” through which they entered cannot be considered safe for them. Stephen Phillips, a postdoctoral researcher at Åbo Akademi University’s Institute for Human Rights in Finland, told Global Voices in an email interview with Global Voices that because Russia is not on the EU safe country of origin list, Russian applicants continue to receive an individual assessment. However, Russia is now subject to the new rule allowing accelerated procedures for asylum applications from countries where the EU-wide protection recognition rate is 20 percent or lower. “Faster processing and border procedures can make it harder to prepare a case,” he explains, “but this does not mean automatic refusal. A big risk is that vulnerable applicants may find it more difficult to present complex claims.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 64, "end": 66, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 250, "end": 256, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawyer"}, {"start": 467, "end": 483, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Stephen Phillips"}, {"start": 500, "end": 510, "label": "JOB", "value": "researcher"}, {"start": 514, "end": 565, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Åbo Akademi University’s Institute for Human Rights"}, {"start": 569, "end": 576, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Finland"}, {"start": 583, "end": 596, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 624, "end": 637, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 651, "end": 657, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 672, "end": 674, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 778, "end": 784, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 788, "end": 791, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 897, "end": 899, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 936, "end": 938, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}]}
{"unique_index": 21670, "source_text": "There may not be the opportunity to provide additional arguments and evidence, and the quality of decision making may suffer with faster asylum procedures.” Phillips adds that an important consideration is that EU asylum law has, for many years, recognised persecution based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and membership of a particular social group. Russia has extensively documented anti-LGBTQ+ legislation and persecution, which he says “remains highly relevant in assessing an individual asylum claim.” While the legal basis on which LGBTQ+ Russians can qualify for asylum remains unchanged Phillips notes that “the quality of evidence, legal representation, and the ability to present a claim effectively may become even more important under the accelerated procedures.” Even if certain countries make it to the so-called “safe third countries” list, LGBTQ+ refugees might not find them safe. Kazakhstan, for example, adopted anti-LGBTQ+ “propaganda” laws in 2025; Uzbekistan’s article 120 of the Criminal Code criminalises male same-sex sexual conduct. In Georgia, a law from 2024 restricts LGBTQ+ expression, assembly, family recognition, gender-affirming care, and public depictions, and in Armenia , there are records of harassment, threats, family pressure, circulation of intimate videos, and institutional hostility.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 157, "end": 165, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Phillips"}, {"start": 211, "end": 213, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "EU"}, {"start": 234, "end": 244, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "many years"}, {"start": 360, "end": 366, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Russia"}, {"start": 604, "end": 612, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Phillips"}, {"start": 907, "end": 917, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kazakhstan"}, {"start": 973, "end": 977, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 979, "end": 989, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uzbekistan"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1078, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Georgia"}, {"start": 1091, "end": 1095, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1208, "end": 1215, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Armenia"}]}
{"unique_index": 21676, "source_text": "Malaysian government replaces the term ‘LGBT’ with ‘deviant culture’\n\nA Malaysian official said the government will stop using the term “LGBT” and instead will replace it with “ budaya songsang, ” which means “deviant culture” in Malay, reflecting the intensified discrimination faced by LGBTQ+ members in the country. During a Parliament session in February, Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister’s Office (Religious Affairs) Marhamah Rosli said that discontinuing the use of the term will influence online algorithms and thus prevent the “normalization” of LGBTQ+ culture. “The more we utter, write, or state it (the term LGBT), the more ‘pop-out’ content related to it will appear. Without realizing it, we are promoting the culture unknowingly,” she said. Despite having a Muslim-majority population, Malaysia is known for its moderate approach in implementing Islamic laws. However, in recent years, Muslim hardliners have been aggressive in pushing for the strict enforcement and integration of Islamic teachings in governance. This has resulted in frequent attacks targeting the LGBTQ+ community. Justice for Sisters reported that in 2025 alone, around 307 LGBTQ+ individuals were arrested under both federal and state laws.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 68, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Malaysian government replaces the term ‘LGBT’ with ‘deviant culture’"}, {"start": 350, "end": 358, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February"}, {"start": 360, "end": 375, "label": "JOB", "value": "Deputy Minister"}, {"start": 383, "end": 406, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Prime Minister’s Office"}, {"start": 427, "end": 441, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Marhamah Rosli"}, {"start": 805, "end": 813, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 1104, "end": 1123, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Justice for Sisters"}, {"start": 1141, "end": 1145, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1160, "end": 1163, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "307"}]}
{"unique_index": 21677, "source_text": "An Amnesty International report showed that between 2020 and May 2025, 13 publications with LGBTQ+ themes or content were banned . It also noted that nearly 48 percent of LGBTQ+ respondents reported having to tone down or self-censor their views due to safety and security concerns. A wellness program for LGBTQ+ members was forced to cancel the activity in January after it was reported to the police and authorities for allegedly promoting “deviant sexual behavior.” During the same month, the Selangor Sultan imposed a ban on all “LGBTQ+ activities.” In a statement, Justice for Sisters criticized the decision to replace the LGBTQ+ term and called it a “dangerous escalation of state-sponsored misinformation and hostility towards LGBT people.” The term budaya songsang dehumanizes LGBT people, fuels misinformation, and reinforces the dangerous belief that LGBT people should be ‘corrected.’ It contributes directly to violence, discrimination, and violations of dignity and equality under Articles 5 and 8 of the Federal Constitution. Amnesty International Malaysia’s campaigner Qistina Johari warned that the new term could legitimize and amplify hate and discrimination directed towards the LGBTQ+ community.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 24, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 52, "end": 56, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 61, "end": 69, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2025"}, {"start": 71, "end": 73, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "13"}, {"start": 157, "end": 159, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "48"}, {"start": 476, "end": 490, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "the same month"}, {"start": 570, "end": 589, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Justice for Sisters"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1062, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 1063, "end": 1071, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 1074, "end": 1084, "label": "JOB", "value": "campaigner"}, {"start": 1085, "end": 1099, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Qistina Johari"}]}
{"unique_index": 21678, "source_text": "We strongly condemn this appalling decision by the government. When public officials label LGBTI people as ‘deviant,’ they are not upholding morality — they are legitimizing hate and discrimination against a highly vulnerable group. Words from those in power carry weight and real-world consequences. In an article written for East Asia Forum, Vilashini Somiah, a senior lecturer in the Gender Studies Program of the Universiti Malaya, noted that the government’s Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim could be seeking to “placate conservative Islamist coalition partners ahead of the general election.” His government is navigating a complex environment in which securing its political base may outweigh human rights commitments. Ethno-religious pressure has pushed his fragile coalition away from reform, and scapegoating the queer community carries little electoral cost and can be deployed as diversion or as demonstration of moral authority. Anwar, a former leader of the opposition, rose to power by proposing a reform agenda, but critics have expressed dismay over his failure to fulfill his campaign promises. Posting on social media, X user Elsie Low pointed out the distorted focus on policing identity rather than combating corruption in the bureaucracy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 327, "end": 336, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "East Asia"}, {"start": 371, "end": 379, "label": "JOB", "value": "lecturer"}, {"start": 387, "end": 409, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Gender Studies Program"}, {"start": 417, "end": 434, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Universiti Malaya"}, {"start": 464, "end": 478, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 479, "end": 492, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anwar Ibrahim"}, {"start": 938, "end": 943, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Anwar"}, {"start": 1134, "end": 1135, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}]}
{"unique_index": 21679, "source_text": "So Malaysia is officially replacing ‘LGBT’ with ‘deviant culture’ to ‘prevent normalization.’ Funny how we don’t see that same energy for corruption. When did bribery become part of our ‘standard’ culture while identity becomes ‘deviant’? Channel News Asia interviewed Mitch Yusof of SEED , a group for the transgender community, about how they are adjusting to the heightened surveillance and threats coming from the government and its conservative supporters. We’re more thoughtful in how we say things … from how we describe programs publicly to the language we use on social media and how sensitive information is shared. It helps us stay in control and avoid unnecessary risk. There is a stronger internal emphasis on risk awareness among staff and community members, so that everyone understands the landscape we are operating in. Despite the concerns raised by human rights groups, authorities continued to conduct raids targeting the LGBTQ+ community. In May, police detained 51 men in a Kuala Lumpur hotel raid for allegedly participating in a “drug-fuelled gay party.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 11, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Malaysia"}, {"start": 239, "end": 256, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Channel News Asia"}, {"start": 269, "end": 280, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mitch Yusof"}, {"start": 284, "end": 288, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "SEED"}, {"start": 984, "end": 986, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "51"}]}
{"unique_index": 21680, "source_text": "Digital surveillance is breaking activist mental health\n\nWhen experts discuss how modern digital surveillance erodes civic space, human rights and freedoms, the conversations almost always drift into vague conclusions and confusing legal jargon. We spend our time arguing over privacy, technical details like encryption settings, or the abstract limits of government control power. But I am presenting a new report and Global Study to invite us all to look at an entirely different, deeply human ledger of harm: the profound crisis of mental health and psychological trauma that is currently sweeping through civil society and the global activist community. For a long time, we have been told that government surveillance is like a sharp scalpel: a precise tool used against dangerous actors. The truth is that digital surveillance has been transformed into a massive, society-wide, permanent ecosystem of suspicion that affects, or can potentially affect, everyone. Unlike the old days when policing was limited and localized, today’s digital tracking is remote, largely invisible and never stops. In many countries it follows activists, civil society actors, journalists and human rights defenders into their homes using a long range of tools, including smartphone spyware.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 55, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Digital surveillance is breaking activist mental health"}, {"start": 419, "end": 431, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Global Study"}, {"start": 582, "end": 591, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 638, "end": 646, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1033, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 1102, "end": 1106, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1128, "end": 1137, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 1161, "end": 1172, "label": "JOB", "value": "journalists"}, {"start": 1177, "end": 1199, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}]}
{"unique_index": 21681, "source_text": "This allows outsiders to map their family connections and monitor their private communications, wrecking not only their public work, but also affecting deeply even their more intimate relationships. The psychological toll of operating within this invisible trap is devastating. After analysing data across 84 countries and territories, I found out that the worst damage of digital repression isn't just that it paralyzes organizations or makes people afraid to engage with others — the de-socialization effect — it also causes deep psychological trauma. Activists are struggling with clinical depression, emotional exhaustion, chronic burnout, and severe mental health challenges, including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), directly caused by state-backed digital surveillance. Living under constant surveillance is to exist in a permanent state of hypervigilance. Activists report checking their phones with intense anxiety, over-analyzing simple everyday technology glitches, and constantly looking over their shoulders on the street. This state of paranoia eventually colonizes the routine of civil society and activists until they don’t even notice their anxiousness, fracturing physical, emotional, and social life.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 306, "end": 308, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "84"}, {"start": 554, "end": 563, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activists"}, {"start": 691, "end": 721, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder"}, {"start": 871, "end": 880, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activists"}, {"start": 1120, "end": 1129, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21682, "source_text": "This isn’t an accidental side effect of digital surveillance; it is a carefully designed mechanism of pre-emptive deterrence. When governments weaponize uncertainty, a person’s mind becomes its own prison. Worse still is the deep social isolation surveillance creates. Trust, which is the vital fuel of collective action and solidarity, completely evaporates. When Pegasus or other spyware infects an activist or an organization, the victim becomes a social pariah and is treated like someone with a contagious disease. Colleagues stop texting them out of fear of collateral surveillance. Close relationships and intimate partnerships deteriorate. Activists face the heartbreaking choice of either continuing their public work or cutting ties with their aging parents and/or young children to shield them from retaliatory monitoring and doxxing. This systematic breaking of ties leaves human rights defenders profoundly alone. The impact on vulnerable groups, like youth, is even deeper. The self-censorship forced upon Gen Z activists, for example, creates a mental fatigue that is ultimately more toxic and mentally draining than the online hatred or physical harassment they face in public.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 401, "end": 409, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}, {"start": 648, "end": 657, "label": "JOB", "value": "Activists"}, {"start": 886, "end": 908, "label": "JOB", "value": "human rights defenders"}, {"start": 1026, "end": 1035, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}]}
{"unique_index": 21683, "source_text": "This emotional damage is so widespread that a new industry focused on therapy has emerged within the activism world, explicitly dedicated to helping victims of digital surveillance survive and overcome the psychological ghosts left behind when their private lives are stolen. When severe medical conditions like PTSD become an everyday danger and standard occupational hazard, for activism, the global system and human rights framework have fundamentally broken down. If international bodies continue to evaluate surveillance through a narrow, strictly legal lens focused only on privacy, they chronically underestimate the compound harm of these systems. Digital surveillance does much more than steal data. It inflicts deep human wounds; it stops people from safely developing and expressing their identities, breeds trauma that can last for generations, and fractures the human mind. Until we weigh real emotional costs like depression, burnout, and fear right alongside legal frameworks, we will continue to look away as the mental well-being of our bravest change-makers and rights defenders is quietly demolished in the digital darkness.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 1080, "end": 1096, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights defenders"}]}
{"unique_index": 21692, "source_text": "Selling identities: The commercialization of Mayan culture\n\nThe government and the private sector in Mexico frequently reference the identities and symbols of Mayan communities to promote tourism in the country. The Riviera Maya , the tourist corridor managed by the government of the state of Quintana Roo on the Yucatán Peninsula, is perhaps the best-known example. The Mayan archaeological sites in the region are among the key attractions that the tourism industry, both national and international, highlights when promoting its services. The Tren Maya , the railway line connecting southeastern Mexico, is an iconic project. Still under construction, it was inaugurated by former President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (National Regeneration Movement, or MORENA) in December 2013 with the opening of its first sections. The initiative has been publicized as an effort that “celebrates the resurgence of the great Maya nation,” immersing visitors in the heart of southeastern Mexico. Connecting the states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo, the train, according to its official website , features a design inspired by Mayan culture, “in the colors and textures of regional art.”", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 58, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Selling identities: The commercialization of Mayan culture"}, {"start": 101, "end": 107, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 294, "end": 306, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 314, "end": 331, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yucatán Peninsula"}, {"start": 600, "end": 606, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 685, "end": 694, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 695, "end": 722, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Andrés Manuel López Obrador"}, {"start": 724, "end": 754, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Regeneration Movement"}, {"start": 770, "end": 783, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "December 2013"}, {"start": 979, "end": 985, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}]}
{"unique_index": 21693, "source_text": "The Travesía Sagrada (Sacred Journey), an annual event organized and celebrated by the tourism consortium Grupo Xcaret, which the Quintana Roo Tourism Secretariat promoted as a “unique experience that revives the ancient Mayan ritual by crossing the Caribbean Sea in canoes, in honor of the goddess Ixchel” in 2025, is another example of these references to symbols and identities when promoting tourist services. Narrative: The Mayan culture is a marketing tool; it is a trademark In March 2024, Grupo Xcaret shared a statement reporting on a meeting with the Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo, in which both parties addressed the “use, protection, and development of Mayan cultural heritage” within the framework of the Federal Law for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Indigenous and Afro-Mexican Peoples and Communities : … Grupo Xcaret will continue to provide suitable spaces for cultural bearers (inheritors and transmitters of traditions, knowledge, and living heritage) to share their cultural expressions with dignity, fostering a vision of prosperity and shared value.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 106, "end": 118, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grupo Xcaret"}, {"start": 130, "end": 162, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Quintana Roo Tourism Secretariat"}, {"start": 250, "end": 263, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean Sea"}, {"start": 310, "end": 314, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 485, "end": 495, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2024"}, {"start": 497, "end": 509, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grupo Xcaret"}, {"start": 561, "end": 596, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 607, "end": 611, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 724, "end": 834, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Federal Law for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Indigenous and Afro-Mexican Peoples and Communities"}, {"start": 839, "end": 851, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grupo Xcaret"}]}
{"unique_index": 21694, "source_text": "This will always be done with absolute adherence to ethics and their self-determination, and through prior, free, and informed consent in accordance with their customs and traditions, giving credit to the bearers and providing fair compensation agreed upon by both parties. Grupo Xcaret will support projects for the research, preservation, protection, promotion, enhancement, revitalization, dissemination, and transmission of the Living Heritage that the Ceremonial Centers choose to share, including, but not limited to, Mayapaax music, the training of prayer leaders, traditional ceremonies, patron saint festivals, and the transmission of traditional medicine. This will be done while respecting the self-determination of each Ceremonial Center. The agreement acknowledges the “lack of implementation” of the transitional rules of the Federal Law for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Indigenous and Afro-Mexican Peoples and Communities, while seeking consent for the Xcaret Group to continue using Mayan symbols and identities across its various facilities. One of them is Xcaret Park , a theme park that offers shows such as the Travesía Sagrada.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 260, "end": 264, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 274, "end": 286, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grupo Xcaret"}, {"start": 732, "end": 749, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ceremonial Center"}, {"start": 840, "end": 950, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Federal Law for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Indigenous and Afro-Mexican Peoples and Communities"}, {"start": 982, "end": 994, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Xcaret Group"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1099, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Xcaret Park"}]}
{"unique_index": 21695, "source_text": "With this agreement — which, according to reports , involved a compensation of 15 million Mexican pesos (just over USD 857,000) — the Xcaret Group, together with the Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo, shares a narrative that gives commercial value to Mayan symbols and identities, turning them, in their story, into a transactional element. For more than 30 years, as mentioned in the 2024 document, Grupo Xcaret has used Mayan symbols and identities in its commercial strategies, implicitly stating that these symbols and identities constitute a trademark. The context surrounding the narrative The agreement between Grupo Xcaret and the Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo follows the latter’s 2022 complaint to the National Copyright Institute (Indautor) against the tourism consortium for appropriating Mayan cultural heritage. The case was elevated to the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (SCJN), which, after an appeal referencing the 2024 agreement between the parties, ruled in March 2026 that Grupo Xcaret must remove advertising content that used elements of Mayan cultural heritage.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 79, "end": 89, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15 million"}, {"start": 119, "end": 126, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "857,000"}, {"start": 134, "end": 146, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Xcaret Group"}, {"start": 166, "end": 201, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 357, "end": 365, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "30 years"}, {"start": 387, "end": 391, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 402, "end": 414, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grupo Xcaret"}, {"start": 620, "end": 632, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grupo Xcaret"}, {"start": 641, "end": 676, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 698, "end": 702, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 720, "end": 748, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Copyright Institute"}, {"start": 863, "end": 887, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court of Justice"}, {"start": 949, "end": 953, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 994, "end": 1004, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2026"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1022, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grupo Xcaret"}]}
{"unique_index": 21696, "source_text": "According to the SCJN press release , “tangible and intangible cultural heritage belongs collectively to Indigenous peoples and communities, and therefore its protection is a matter of public order and social interest.” In April 2026, the Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo expressed its discontent with the SCJN ruling, accused the court of denying them a hearing to defend the actions of the Xcaret Group, and reaffirmed the agreement reached in 2024. The Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo is an Indigenous representative body, established by the state of Quintana Roo in 1998. According to an article by Hilda Landrove Torres in the online magazine Maya América , it has been surrounded by conflict and political pressure. The institution was created during the administration of Mario Ernesto Villanueva Madrid (then a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI), who prioritized the development of tourism in the Riviera Maya . Critics of Villanueva Madrid’s governorship argue that he orchestrated unions to his advantage, including the Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo, to ensure the growth of the state’s tourism industry.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 223, "end": 233, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 239, "end": 274, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 395, "end": 407, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Xcaret Group"}, {"start": 449, "end": 453, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 459, "end": 494, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 561, "end": 573, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 577, "end": 581, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1998"}, {"start": 655, "end": 667, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Maya América"}, {"start": 792, "end": 799, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ernesto"}, {"start": 840, "end": 873, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Institutional Revolutionary Party"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1094, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo"}]}
{"unique_index": 21697, "source_text": "Villanueva Madrid’s term ended in 1999, and he was imprisoned years later for alleged ties to drug trafficking, charges he maintains stem from his refusal to support the business interests of former President Ernesto Zedillo ’s family (also linked to the PRI) in the Riviera Maya. The positioning of the Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo as being representative of the community was pushed in 2016 by the then governor-elect Carlos Joaquín González (currently Mexico's ambassador to Canada), who represented the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). According to the council’s proponents, its legitimacy emanates from its members, the Mayan generals and priests who represent each of the five ceremonial centers located in the state of Quintana Roo. The council is currently led by Simón Caamal Coh, who in April 2026 denied having received 15 million Mexican pesos as part of the agreement with Grupo Xcaret, which was made public in March 2024.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 34, "end": 38, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1999"}, {"start": 199, "end": 208, "label": "JOB", "value": "President"}, {"start": 209, "end": 224, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ernesto Zedillo"}, {"start": 304, "end": 339, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 395, "end": 399, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 412, "end": 420, "label": "JOB", "value": "governor"}, {"start": 452, "end": 461, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 462, "end": 468, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mexico"}, {"start": 471, "end": 481, "label": "JOB", "value": "ambassador"}, {"start": 485, "end": 491, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 694, "end": 698, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 742, "end": 754, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 771, "end": 780, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 788, "end": 804, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Simón Caamal Coh"}, {"start": 813, "end": 823, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 847, "end": 857, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15 million"}, {"start": 902, "end": 914, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Grupo Xcaret"}, {"start": 941, "end": 951, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 21698, "source_text": "The National Institute for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (INPI) recognizes a separate group of representatives of the Mayan community in Quintana Roo, who have expressed their disagreement with the actions of the Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo and are requesting an audit of the 15 million Mexican pesos allegedly granted by the Xcaret Group. Mayan communities are nowadays settled across a vast geographical area encompassing Guatemala, Belize, western El Salvador, and Honduras, as well as the Mexican states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo. Given its status as a cultural region, this territory transcends national and state borders and therefore cannot be defined solely by them. Each Mayan community has its distinct language, worldview, and traditions. Due to funding challenges, our Civic Media Observatory research continues on hiatus, and we are currently working at minimum capacity. Please help us maintain these narrative insights in a nutshell by donating to Global Voices, and reach out if interested in building partnerships to conduct our Civic Media Observatory research.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Institute"}, {"start": 103, "end": 118, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 221, "end": 256, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Great Mayan Council of Quintana Roo"}, {"start": 292, "end": 302, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "15 million"}, {"start": 342, "end": 354, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Xcaret Group"}, {"start": 440, "end": 449, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Guatemala"}, {"start": 451, "end": 457, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Belize"}, {"start": 467, "end": 478, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "El Salvador"}, {"start": 484, "end": 492, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Honduras"}, {"start": 828, "end": 851, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Media Observatory"}, {"start": 893, "end": 902, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 1010, "end": 1023, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 1093, "end": 1116, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Civic Media Observatory"}]}
{"unique_index": 21699, "source_text": "Fighting Western imports: The justification of the anti-LGBTQ+ agenda in Africa\n\nBetween June 3 and 6, 2026, the Ghanaian Parliament hosted the 4th African Inter-Parliamentary Conference on Family, Sovereignty and Values in Accra, Ghana, where representatives and lawmakers from 20 countries gathered to defend traditional values, strengthen national sovereignty, and resist what attendees considered external ideological pressure. In previous years, the meetings took place in Uganda , hosted by the State House and the Parliament of Uganda. The conference is set with the mission of “eliminating all forms of modern colonialism and ideological imposition from the continent.” In the 2025 gathering, Uganda’s First Lady and Minister of Education and Sports Janet Kataaha Museveni warned that “too often, aid is not offered freely,” tying it to what she describes as conditions that threaten to redefine African societies according to foreign standards, eroding the region’s values and sovereignty. According to the Parliament of Ghana, a major milestone was achieved during the 2026 convention, when the African Charter on the Protection of the Family, Sovereignty, and Religious and Cultural Values was unanimously adopted.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 79, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Fighting Western imports: The justification of the anti-LGBTQ+ agenda in Africa"}, {"start": 89, "end": 95, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 3"}, {"start": 100, "end": 101, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6"}, {"start": 103, "end": 107, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 113, "end": 132, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ghanaian Parliament"}, {"start": 224, "end": 229, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Accra"}, {"start": 231, "end": 236, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 244, "end": 259, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 264, "end": 273, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 279, "end": 281, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 435, "end": 449, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous years"}, {"start": 478, "end": 484, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 501, "end": 512, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "State House"}, {"start": 521, "end": 541, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Parliament of Uganda"}, {"start": 685, "end": 689, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 701, "end": 707, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 710, "end": 720, "label": "JOB", "value": "First Lady"}, {"start": 725, "end": 733, "label": "JOB", "value": "Minister"}, {"start": 758, "end": 780, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Janet Kataaha Museveni"}, {"start": 1016, "end": 1035, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Parliament of Ghana"}, {"start": 1079, "end": 1083, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1105, "end": 1120, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "African Charter"}]}
{"unique_index": 21700, "source_text": "Legislators who attended the event are now advocating for the African Union to consider and endorse the document in advance of its February 2027 Assembly. Narrative: ‘Gender ideology ’ is a Western imposition that must be stopped Article 1 of the African Charter on the Protection of the Family, Sovereignty, and Religious and Cultural Values draft sets out definitions of several key legal, social, moral, and political concepts. With regard to “Gender ideology,” the charter provides the following definition: ‘Gender ideology’ refers to a set of beliefs and theories that separate the concept of gender from biological sex, asserting that a person’s gender identity is subjective and self-determined, and can exists on a spectrum and that a person can be male, female, neither, or somewhere in between. Gender ideology blurs distinctions between male and female, positioning gender as a social construct that can be fluid and changed rather than a fixed biological reality. Gender ideology forms the basis of an activist movement to redefine sex, gender and gender roles in ways that undermine African cultural and religious values and the African family itself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 11, "label": "JOB", "value": "Legislators"}, {"start": 39, "end": 42, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 62, "end": 75, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Union"}, {"start": 131, "end": 144, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 2027"}, {"start": 247, "end": 262, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "African Charter"}, {"start": 373, "end": 380, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1023, "label": "JOB", "value": "activist"}]}
{"unique_index": 21701, "source_text": "Moreover, gender ideology is most often advanced through international and regional policy instruments as well as through sex education or general youth initiatives both in and out of schools without parental or local consent. Gender ideology activists promote laws, regulations, policies, programs, educational curricula, medical services, and social frameworks that normalize multiple gender identities and expressions beyond the male/female distinction traditionally recognized by most African cultures, religions, and legal systems. In the context of children, adherence to gender ideology can lead to gender confusion and harmful medical interventions that can render children infertile for life. Such interventions include the administration of dangerous puberty blockers, toxic cross-sex hormones, breast removal, and genital-mutilating surgeries. In several sections of the charter, foreign influence is identified as a major threat to the preservation of African Religious and Cultural Values. In Article 5, it is even argued that African countries should refrain from endorsing or implementing gender ideology or other externally derived concepts of sexuality and gender rights that are inconsistent with African cultural values, traditions, and Africa’s interpretation of fundamental human rights as established through longstanding treaty commitments in their originally negotiated form.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 165, "end": 169, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 243, "end": 252, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 858, "end": 865, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1256, "end": 1262, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}]}
{"unique_index": 21702, "source_text": "The narrative is also asserted beyond the Charter and the African Inter-Parliamentary Conference on Family, Sovereignty and Values. In an Instagram post , Africa Is Powerful , a handle sharing “viral and relevant trending African news” on several social media platforms, celebrates the recent criminalization of homosexuality in Niger . The caption of the post praises how the “new Nigerien penal code explicitly represses same-sex relationships and ‘unnatural acts’” while claiming it protects “traditional African values and family structures against foreign-imposed ideologies.” The context surrounding the narrative The African Charter on the Protection of the Family, Sovereignty, and Religious and Cultural Values has been severely criticized by human rights advocates. The Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa (ISLA) published a detailed report analyzing each article of the charter. It argues that, if adopted in its current form, the charter would mark a regressive shift in African human rights law, potentially weakening established protections under key instruments such as the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Maputo Protocol , and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 138, "end": 147, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 155, "end": 161, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 239, "end": 246, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 329, "end": 334, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 620, "end": 639, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "The African Charter"}, {"start": 758, "end": 774, "label": "JOB", "value": "rights advocates"}, {"start": 780, "end": 815, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Initiative for Strategic Litigation"}, {"start": 819, "end": 825, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 1099, "end": 1114, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "African Charter"}, {"start": 1175, "end": 1190, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "African Charter"}]}
{"unique_index": 21703, "source_text": "At the 4th African Inter-Parliamentary Conference on Family, Sovereignty and Values, South African representatives rejected the charter, arguing it was inconsistent with their constitution. Mozambique also abstained, citing logistical challenges for the implementation. The 2026 convention was held a week after Ghana’s Parliament passed what has been described as one of Africa’s most restrictive anti-LGBTQ+ bills . If enacted, the legislation would make identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer punishable by up to three years in prison and would also criminalize the promotion of LGBTQ+ identities and related activities. The annual African Inter-Parliamentary Conference on Family, Sovereignty and Values, which began in 2023, is reportedly linked to a US-based organization, Family Watch International , led by Sharon Slater , who has been involved in training African politicians on how to campaign against sex education and LGBTQ+ rights. The organization denies any direct ties to the conference and claims that new reports about its work are false. It states that it has never been involved in promoting anti LGBTQ+ regulation.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 61, "end": 83, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Sovereignty and Values"}, {"start": 99, "end": 114, "label": "JOB", "value": "representatives"}, {"start": 190, "end": 200, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Mozambique"}, {"start": 274, "end": 278, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 312, "end": 317, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 320, "end": 330, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Parliament"}, {"start": 372, "end": 378, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 538, "end": 549, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "three years"}, {"start": 746, "end": 750, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 778, "end": 780, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "US"}, {"start": 837, "end": 850, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Sharon Slater"}, {"start": 895, "end": 906, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}]}
{"unique_index": 21704, "source_text": "The copy of the charter referred to in this story comes from the Family Watch official web page . Family Watch International explains that it has worked in Uganda since the early 2000s on programs like abstinence-based HIV prevention and orphan care, and later focused on opposing what it calls “comprehensive sexuality education” (CSE), which it claims is inappropriate or harmful for children. Henk Jan van Schothorst of Christian Council International in the Netherlands is also said to be one of the big promoters of the conference and creator of the charter. The charter has been discussed and highlighted in international Catholic media, including The Catholic Herald , which presents Africa as an increasingly significant center of global Catholicism, characterized by strong ecclesiastical influence and rapidly growing numbers of faithful and clergy — a very positive aspect according to the author. The article notes that many African bishops are perceived as strongly aligned with traditional teachings on marriage and sexuality, a stance that is often reflected in the region’s reservations toward certain contemporary human rights frameworks.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 156, "end": 162, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 173, "end": 184, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "early 2000s"}, {"start": 396, "end": 454, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Henk Jan van Schothorst of Christian Council International"}, {"start": 462, "end": 473, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Netherlands"}, {"start": 540, "end": 547, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}, {"start": 691, "end": 697, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 901, "end": 907, "label": "JOB", "value": "author"}, {"start": 932, "end": 936, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21705, "source_text": "Critics of the claim that queerness is “unAfrican” argue that this perspective stems in part from the enduring effects of colonial trauma, as well as the continued influence of Judeo-Christian belief systems. Aileen Waitaaga Kimuhu, writing for Democracy in Africa , outlines evidence suggesting that, before European colonization, many pre-colonial African societies held more fluid and permissive understandings of sexual expression and gender identity. According to Amnesty International , in 2024, consensual same-sex sexual activity remained illegal in 31 countries in Africa, even though this conflicts with recognized African Union principles and international human rights standards. A 2024 briefing from the organization looking at 12 countries of the region reports an escalation of anti-LGBTQ+ sentiment and the weaponization of the law. Some organizations report a new wave of anti-LGBTQ+ laws in Africa, with only about 20 that do not currently criminalize same-sex relations. In addition to Niger and Ghana’s most recent regulations, a stricter anti-LGBTQ+ law that increases prison sentences was approved by Senegal’s president in early 2026.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 258, "end": 264, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 332, "end": 336, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 469, "end": 490, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Amnesty International"}, {"start": 496, "end": 500, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 558, "end": 560, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "31"}, {"start": 574, "end": 580, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 625, "end": 638, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "African Union"}, {"start": 694, "end": 698, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 741, "end": 743, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12"}, {"start": 909, "end": 915, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 933, "end": 935, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "20"}, {"start": 948, "end": 957, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1010, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niger"}, {"start": 1015, "end": 1020, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 1123, "end": 1130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Senegal"}, {"start": 1133, "end": 1142, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 1152, "end": 1156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 21706, "source_text": "Haiti’s ‘Grenadiers’ bring hope and joyful moments at World Cup 2026\n\nHaiti has not played in the final phase of a FIFA World Cup since 1974. For 52 years, the national football team , known as “Les Grenadiers” (The Grenadiers), could never get past the Concacaf qualifying rounds — until now. Haiti’s national team has made a “historic return” to this year’s World Cup, having topped Group C during the third round of Concacaf qualifiers. Group C is a tough one, with heavyweights like Brazil, which has won the coveted trophy on five occasions, and Morocco, considered one of Africa’s most successful national football teams. Haiti currently stands at the bottom of the group, right behind Scotland. Even after the long wait to see their national team perform on the world football stage, Haitians have maintained an endless love for “ the beautiful game .” You can see football played everywhere in Haiti: in schools, in the streets, in backyards, on open fields, and in narrow corridors. Wherever there is a small open space, practically everyone — from children to adults — are playing. Football is truly the country’s national sport. When gangs trump goals Yet, Haiti does not have many modern sports facilities.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 68, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Haiti’s ‘Grenadiers’ bring hope and joyful moments at World Cup 2026"}, {"start": 70, "end": 75, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 115, "end": 119, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA"}, {"start": 136, "end": 140, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1974"}, {"start": 146, "end": 154, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "52 years"}, {"start": 289, "end": 292, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 294, "end": 299, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 348, "end": 357, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 385, "end": 392, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Group C"}, {"start": 440, "end": 447, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Group C"}, {"start": 487, "end": 493, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 531, "end": 535, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five"}, {"start": 551, "end": 558, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 578, "end": 584, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 628, "end": 633, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 634, "end": 643, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 902, "end": 907, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 1168, "end": 1173, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 1188, "end": 1192, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21707, "source_text": "The few structures that existed are no longer useable because they are controlled by armed groups; some have been completely destroyed. The FIFA Goal Center in the municipality of Croix-des-Bouquets, for example, was the main training academy for youth football. The 400 Mawozo gang , led by Wilson Joseph (more commonly referred to as “Lanmò San Jou” — “Death Knows No Days”), took control of the area and according to various reports , several buildings on the FIFA Goal Center compound were set on fire. Even the Sylvio Cator National Stadium in Port-au-Prince, the historic home of Haitian football, was not off limits for the gangs, which seized and damaged the facility in 2024. The Haitian Football Federation (FHF) confirmed that the stadium had been damaged, and that materials and equipment were stolen from the site. The Olympic Center, located in the Croix-des-Missions area, is also trapped in a zone controlled by groups like Chyen Mechan and Canaan-based gangs , leaving sport as one of the sectors hardest hit from the violence. With things so difficult, the FHF, led by Monique André , has tried to support the team as much as possible.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 7, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 140, "end": 156, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA Goal Center"}, {"start": 180, "end": 198, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Croix-des-Bouquets"}, {"start": 267, "end": 270, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "400"}, {"start": 438, "end": 445, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 463, "end": 479, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FIFA Goal Center"}, {"start": 549, "end": 563, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Port-au-Prince"}, {"start": 679, "end": 683, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 689, "end": 716, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Haitian Football Federation"}, {"start": 718, "end": 721, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "FHF"}, {"start": 832, "end": 846, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Olympic Center"}]}
{"unique_index": 21708, "source_text": "Because they could not play at home, the Grenadiers had to host all their “home” qualifying matches in Curaçao, another Caribbean island nation that qualified for this year’s World Cup. Many were surprised by the success of the Haitian team, which predominantly comprises players living abroad and those with dual nationality, including star forwards Duckens Nazon , Wilson Isidor , Frantzdy Pierrot ; midfielder Jean Ricner Bellegarde ; goalkeeper Johny Placide , and defender Ricardo Adé . The only player coming directly from the local league is Wédensky Pierre , who plays for Violette Athletic Club . Local football competitions have completely stopped because of insecurity, though the league managed to organise a special short tournament aimed at keeping clubs and players active. A significant anniversary It is fitting that during one of the hardest times in Haiti's history, on November 18, 2025, The Grenadiers officially qualified for the 2026 World Cup. The date is especially important because it marks the anniversary of the Battle of Vertières in 1803 , the final battle of the Haitian Revolution that won the country its independence.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 103, "end": 110, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Curaçao"}, {"start": 120, "end": 129, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}, {"start": 163, "end": 172, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 478, "end": 489, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ricardo Adé"}, {"start": 549, "end": 564, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Wédensky Pierre"}, {"start": 581, "end": 603, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Violette Athletic Club"}, {"start": 869, "end": 874, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 889, "end": 906, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 18, 2025"}, {"start": 952, "end": 956, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 1064, "end": 1068, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1803"}]}
{"unique_index": 21709, "source_text": "Haitians all over the world celebrated . Back at home, the whole country was filled with excitement: Rara walking bands filled the streets in the evenings as people from all neighbourhoods and social groups celebrated together. For one local fan, Marc, it was an unforgettable moment: Jodi a mwen plis pase kontan, mwen jwenn fyète m ankò kòm ayisyen, mwen santi m ap vibre. Sa k pase a se plis pase yon senp kalifikasyon pou yon konpetisyon foutbòl […] se yon mesaj pou lemonn antye pou n di Ayiti pa rezime ak vyolans gang, salte ak mizè. Se yon pèp ki rich ki gen anpil bèl bagay li ka pwouve. Today I am more than happy, I found my pride again as a Haitian, I feel myself vibrating. What happened is more than a simple qualification for a football competition […] it is a message for the whole world to say that Haiti is not reduced to gang violence, dirt and misery […] a rich people who have many beautiful things they can prove.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 232, "end": 235, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 597, "end": 602, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 816, "end": 821, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 898, "end": 902, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21710, "source_text": "Right after Haiti’s qualification, team vice-captain Ricardo Adé, who plays professionally in Ecuador, sent a direct message to both the gangs and the government: “Ouvè peyi a” — “Open the country.” He repeated this request on social media and in interviews, pointing out that gangs continue to block the main roads connecting the capital to the north and south of the country. Communities come together As World Cup 2026 continues, people across Haiti have been enjoying the matches with great excitement: from the poorest working-class area to richer residential communities, neighbourhoods are decorated; public buses, private cars, and motorcycle taxis proudly fly the Haitian flag; street sellers sell thousands of team jerseys; and colourful banners adorn public squares across the country. To help everyone watch the games, the Haitian government, through the Ministry of the Interior, provided big screen televisions to local and regional authorities, which allowed people in remote villages to gather in city halls, neighbourhood centres, and even some camps for displaced people, to watch the matches together. Yet, the harsh reality the country faces remains unchanged.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 12, "end": 17, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 45, "end": 52, "label": "JOB", "value": "captain"}, {"start": 53, "end": 64, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ricardo Adé"}, {"start": 94, "end": 101, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 128, "end": 132, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 417, "end": 421, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 447, "end": 452, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 707, "end": 716, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 21711, "source_text": "Even as Haitians watch the World Cup, armed gangs continue to attack local communities like Cité Soleil, where a wave of violence that began in May has been forcing thousands of residents to leave their homes . A challenging ‘Round of 32’ The Grenadiers’ first round playoff group, often called the “group of death,” has not been kind to them. Their first match took place on Saturday June 13, in New Jersey, where the Haitian diaspora in the United States came out in their numbers to support the team as it faced Scotland. The Grenadiers lost the match 1-0. In every city and state the team has since visited, local Haitian communities have come together to welcome the players, cheer them on, and show support. At the team’s match against Brazil in Boston, Massachusetts on June 19 — which The Grenadiers lost 3-0 — Haiti’s return to the world football stage became a source of pride and a break from daily political worries. Thousands of fans traveled across states to fill stadiums and show their love, bringing people together in a strong and meaningful way.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 165, "end": 174, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 235, "end": 237, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "32"}, {"start": 376, "end": 384, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Saturday"}, {"start": 385, "end": 392, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 13"}, {"start": 401, "end": 407, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Jersey"}, {"start": 443, "end": 456, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 555, "end": 558, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1-0"}, {"start": 742, "end": 748, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 777, "end": 784, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 19"}, {"start": 813, "end": 816, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3-0"}, {"start": 819, "end": 824, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 904, "end": 909, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 929, "end": 938, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Thousands"}]}
{"unique_index": 21712, "source_text": "Despite this strong support, by their third match, the team knew it would be eliminated in the first round. Still, the players gave their all in their final game against Morocco, scoring two goals in a hard 4-2 loss. Back home in Haiti, fan zones were full of people cheering until the end. On social media, fans expressed deep thanks to the players for their courage. Nadia, a Haitian woman living in the Dominican Republic, said: Mwen fyè de pakou grenadye nou yo; sa fè 52 zan depi nou pat janm patisipe nan yon koup dimond foutbòl, men gras ak yo nou reviv moman istorik sa a, malgre nou pa rive kalifye pou dezyèm tou konpetisyon an, se sa nou tout te espere men domaj sa pa rive fèt, men patisipasyon Ayiti nan mondyal sa a, fè laprès entènasyonal chanje naratif la sou nou, paske depi yo pale de Haiti nan laprès entènasyonal yo souvan dekri vyolans gang, enstabilite politik ak mizè, ak grenadye yo lemonn antye dekouvri yon lòt aspè de Ayiti, mwen pa gen mo pou mwen remèsye grenadye nou yo; mwen fyè de yo.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 170, "end": 177, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Morocco"}, {"start": 187, "end": 190, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 207, "end": 210, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "4-2"}, {"start": 230, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 406, "end": 424, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 473, "end": 475, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "52"}, {"start": 803, "end": 808, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}]}
{"unique_index": 21713, "source_text": "I am proud of the journey of our Grenadiers; it has been 52 years since we last participated in a football World Cup, but thanks to them we relived this historic moment. Even though we didn’t manage to qualify for the second round of the competition, which is what we all hoped for but unfortunately didn’t happen, Haiti’s participation in this World Cup made the international press change the narrative about us. Because whenever they talk about Haiti in the international press they often describe gang violence, political instability and misery, but with the Grenadiers the whole world discovered another aspect of Haiti. I have no words to thank our Grenadiers; I am proud of them. The Grenadiers’ World Cup may be finished, but they achieved something important: they brought a moment of happiness and unity to a country going through a difficult situation, and showed the world Haiti’s resilience.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 57, "end": 65, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "52 years"}, {"start": 315, "end": 320, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 448, "end": 453, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 619, "end": 624, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 885, "end": 890, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}]}
{"unique_index": 21714, "source_text": "Gender-bending in Balkan history and folklore: Sworn virgins, ritual roles and women warriors in drag\n\nIn contemporary Balkan discourse, under the influence of global culture wars, tradition is often presented as something fixed, simple and strictly patriarchal. Yet the region’s history, folklore and popular memory contain more complicated examples: women who became socially recognized as men, queer or gender-nonconforming men with visible ritual roles, and female heroes who temporarily crossed into male identity in order to fight for their community. These examples should not be romanticized as proof that Balkan societies were secretly egalitarian. Most of them existed within patriarchal systems, as a sort of “exception that proves the rule,” reconfirming the “traditional” female role as obedient daughter who should grow into mother and housewife. What they do show is that the past (or at least people’s imagination) wasn’t as rigid as today’s defenders of “traditional values” often claim. Sworn virgins One of the best-known examples is the Balkan sworn virgin , known in Albanian as burrnesha or virgjinesha , and in South Slavic contexts as virdžina . In the highland parts of northern Albania, Montenegro, Kosovo and the wider Dinaric highlands, a daughter in a family without a suitable male heir would assume the social role of a man .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 101, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Gender-bending in Balkan history and folklore: Sworn virgins, ritual roles and women warriors in drag"}, {"start": 950, "end": 955, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 1204, "end": 1211, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Albania"}, {"start": 1213, "end": 1223, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Montenegro"}]}
{"unique_index": 21715, "source_text": "This usually meant a vow of celibacy, masculine clothing and behavior, and public recognition as head of household. The practice was not modern emancipation. It was often a patriarchal solution to a patriarchal problem: if inheritance, honor and household authority were organized through men, society allowed a daughter to “become” a social man when no biological man was available. The sworn virgin would gain the responsibility of running the family, alongside freedoms denied to other women, such as wearing men’s clothing and publicly socializing with men while smoking and drinking tea. However, all this came at the cost of celibacy, with no chance of marriage, sexual expression or motherhood. A 2022 BBC article concludes that “only a dozen ‘sworn virgins’ are left in the world, as an ancient Balkan tradition where women live as men dies out.” Men in non-traditional, effeminate roles A different example appears in Aleksandar Manić’s 2005 documentary “ Šutka Book of Records ,” which presents several colorful portraits of extraordinary inhabitants of Šuto Orizari , the majority ethnic Roma municipality in the Macedonian capital of Skopje.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 704, "end": 708, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 709, "end": 712, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 744, "end": 749, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozen"}, {"start": 946, "end": 950, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2005"}, {"start": 965, "end": 986, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Šutka Book of Records"}, {"start": 1005, "end": 1012, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 1146, "end": 1152, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Skopje"}]}
{"unique_index": 21716, "source_text": "The film follows local eccentric champions, including, as the synopsis puts it , “the local homosexual in his colourful wardrobe” who is “no less respected” than other distinctive local figures. According to a subplot beginning at 45:55 in the video , two openly gay men who display a flamboyant, gesture-filled speaking style, are engaged by families of young boys about to undergo the Muslim ritual of circumcision. The men are considered the best decorators and prop masters for the event, which includes the sourcing of a special bed. This example needs careful handling. While Roma and Muslim communities or Balkan societies in general are not free of homophobia, the scene complicates stereotypes. In a community often described from the outside via narratives of poverty or negative conservative stereotypes, the film shows a more layered social world, where a queer figure can be visible, valued and woven into society’s ritual and religious life. Women warriors, in drag The third and richest set of examples comes from folklore. In a recent text for the Macedonian feminist platform Meduza, Leni Frčkoska revisits Macedonian folk tales through the motifs of “shift of sex” and the “woman-warrior.” The title of the text, which can be translated as “The Hero was a Girl!", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 231, "end": 236, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "45:55"}, {"start": 252, "end": 255, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 1093, "end": 1099, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Meduza"}]}
{"unique_index": 21717, "source_text": "A Feminist Re-reading of the Motifs of Sex Change and the Woman Warrior in Macedonian Folklore,” is an abridged version of her PhD thesis . Frčkoska notes that folklore tends to reproduce conservative and patriarchal lessons, but also contains subversive female figures that disturb those lessons from within. The woman-warrior motif is often related to gender-bending. In these stories, the protagonist is a girl from a family with no sons. She disguises herself as a man, enters the male-coded world of battle, proves herself as a hero, and usually returns to her previous female role once the danger has passed. Frčkoska summarizes that, in several Macedonian variants, the period of being masked as a male soldier ends after victory, and the youngest daughter returns to her earlier female role. Quoting a detail from a Macedonian folk tale collected by Marko Cepenkov in the mid-19th century, Frčkoska says that it displays this pattern. After the battle, the heroine loosens her hair, opens her robe to show her breasts, and tells the prince: Дејгиди синче царево, горска еребица в раце ти дошла и не си успеал да ја ватиш за в кафез да ја клајш.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 644, "end": 651, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}, {"start": 710, "end": 717, "label": "JOB", "value": "soldier"}, {"start": 884, "end": 896, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "19th century"}, {"start": 898, "end": 906, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Frčkoska"}, {"start": 1041, "end": 1047, "label": "JOB", "value": "prince"}]}
{"unique_index": 21718, "source_text": "Јас девојче си бев и девојче сум си, види ми косите, види ми ‘и боските и седи ми си со здравје. Alas, son of the emperor, you had a partridge [free bird] in your hand and you allowed it to fly away, instead of putting her in a cage. I was a girl, and I am a girl: look at my hair, look at my breasts – and now farewell…” Public nudity was and still is a taboo according to Balkan patriarchal mores, so the line is not merely a bodily revelation; it’s a narrative reversal. The “male warrior” has already succeeded; only then does the story reveal that the hero was a woman all along. The body becomes the sign that reclassifies the fighter, but only after courage has been proven. The Macedonian folk song “Kruševo aber pristigna” (“A call came to Kruševo”) offers a popular version of the same gender-bending logic. The song tells a fictional story of a call that came to the town of Kruševo for families to send their grown sons as komiti (guerilla fighters) to village of Smilevo , famous as a hotbed of anti-Ottoman revolutionary activity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 114, "end": 121, "label": "JOB", "value": "emperor"}, {"start": 307, "end": 310, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 708, "end": 730, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Kruševo aber pristigna"}, {"start": 734, "end": 756, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "A call came to Kruševo"}, {"start": 886, "end": 893, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kruševo"}, {"start": 976, "end": 983, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Smilevo"}]}
{"unique_index": 21719, "source_text": "A man called Stojan has no sons; he has only his daughter, Todorka. Instead of accepting this as the end of the family’s public duty, Todorka asks her father to equip her so she can go as a komita . Wearing a man’s disquise, Todorka joins the fighters so convincingly that, as the song says, “no one recognized Todorka as a girl.” In this instance, the gender-bending is more precise than simple cross-dressing. The song shows a temporary bending of the rules that decides who may fight as opposed to staying at home in a nurturing — and essentially helpless — female role, who may represent the family, and who may enter national heroic memory. The song remains popular today, having been revived by contemporary performers, including Macedonian pop-folk star Stojne Nikolova . Her modern interpretation, seen in the video clip below, celebrates Todorka as a patriotic heroine without necessarily naming the gender politics of the story. Yet, those politics are there: a daughter steps into the empty place reserved for a son, defending her father’s honor.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 671, "end": 676, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21720, "source_text": "The motif also has echoes in historical biographies from the region, across a spectrum of disguise, warriorhood and later, patriotic memory. Sirma Vojvoda (1776–1864), a female hajduk (a mix of rebel, brigand and freedom fighter) from the Debar region, is probably the closest historical parallel to Todorka. She is remembered as a leader of highland fighters battling Ottoman oppression. A breast-related detail also entered her folk memory: according to a footnote in the song about her collected by the Miladinov Brothers , the men in her band recognized she was a woman only when the buttons on her chest were torn. She remained their leader after her demasking. Čučuk Stana (1795–1849/50) belongs to a related, but slightly different tradition. Connected with the Serbian uprisings and remembered in Serbian epic poetry, she was not primarily a “secret male identity” figure. Rather, her story shows a woman entering the “male world” of hajduks, armed resistance and heroic reputation. Accounts of her youth also say that she and her sisters wore men’s clothes outside the home because they had no adult brother to protect them.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 156, "end": 160, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1776"}, {"start": 161, "end": 165, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1864"}, {"start": 680, "end": 684, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1795"}, {"start": 685, "end": 689, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1849"}]}
{"unique_index": 21721, "source_text": "Milunka Savić (1890/1892–1973) brings the motif into documented 20th century military history. During the Balkan Wars , she joined the Serbian army by cutting her hair, putting on men’s clothes and presenting herself as a man, reportedly in place of her brother. After her gender was discovered, she remained in combat and later became one of the most decorated women soldiers of World War I. These historical figures help illustrate that female warriors in drag were not just a fairy-tale fantasy. In different forms, women in Balkan history crossed into roles reserved for men — secretly or visibly, temporarily or permanently — as heroines who remain in the memory of subsequent generations. Although contemporary readers may relate, examples of gender-bending in the Balkans don’t fit neatly into modern identity categories such as transgender, gay, lesbian or non-binary. They do, however, challenge the dogma that gender diversity is foreign to the Balkans, or that tradition is limited to binary models of masculinity and femininity. Nothing is ever simple in the Balkans, including its patriarchal past and present.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1890"}, {"start": 20, "end": 24, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1892"}, {"start": 25, "end": 29, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1973"}, {"start": 64, "end": 76, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20th century"}, {"start": 368, "end": 376, "label": "JOB", "value": "soldiers"}, {"start": 771, "end": 778, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Balkans"}, {"start": 955, "end": 962, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Balkans"}, {"start": 1071, "end": 1078, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Balkans"}]}
{"unique_index": 21722, "source_text": "I learned the feeling of statelessness in my Uyghur homeland\n\nI was born as the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) was coming to an end. My childhood coincided with the early years of what was later celebrated as the era of Reform and Opening Up (1976–1989). Unlike my parents, I did not experience the chaos and violence of the Cultural Revolution. Instead, I grew up during a relatively stable period. Together with my parents, brothers, and sisters, I enjoyed what I still remember as a happy childhood. I can still vividly recall my first day of primary school. To celebrate the occasion, my father bought me a bright red schoolbag, a white blouse, white socks, and a pair of shiny red shoes. That morning, I felt like the happiest child in the world. Life seemed simple then. On weekends, my parents would take us on outings, or we would visit my grandmother. School was filled with activities and celebrations. Every Children’s Day brought performances, games, and excitement. Looking back now, those memories still feel warm and peaceful.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 60, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "I learned the feeling of statelessness in my Uyghur homeland"}, {"start": 109, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1966"}, {"start": 114, "end": 118, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1976"}, {"start": 252, "end": 256, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1976"}, {"start": 257, "end": 261, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1989"}, {"start": 702, "end": 714, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "That morning"}, {"start": 1001, "end": 1004, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21723, "source_text": "Yet many years later, I came to realize that even during those seemingly calm years, the foundations of a different reality were already being laid. One day, a teacher explained Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and told us that human beings had evolved from monkeys. Like every curious child, I rushed home and eagerly shared this new knowledge with my father. “Dad, my teacher says we came from monkeys.” My father paused for a moment before smiling. “Maybe your teacher came from a monkey,” he replied. “We were created by Allah. Never forget that.” At the time, I did not understand why he responded that way. Years later, I realized that my father was trying to protect far more than a religious belief. He was trying to protect an identity. ‘Their goal was never to make Uyghur lives better’ As I grew older, I became increasingly curious about who I was. I began reading history and asking questions.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 20, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "many years later"}, {"start": 149, "end": 156, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "One day"}, {"start": 160, "end": 167, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 374, "end": 381, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 468, "end": 475, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}]}
{"unique_index": 21724, "source_text": "Gradually, I came to understand that my culture, the Uyghurs , possessed a language, culture, and historical memory distinct from those of the Han majority, which make up 91 percent of China’s population. More importantly, I began to sense that the society around me was not quite as equal as it appeared. My father was the first person who taught me that I belonged to a people whose story could not simply be folded into the story of China. He was the first person who planted the word “Uyghur” deep in my heart. One day, we were discussing China’s economic reforms. Like many young people at the time, I knew little about politics. What I heard repeatedly was that life had improved after Deng Xiaoping’s reforms . So I asked him: “During Mao’s time, there was the Cultural Revolution, and people suffered greatly. Now, Deng Xiaoping has introduced reforms, and life is getting better. Doesn’t that make Deng a good leader?” My father laughed softly. Then he said something that would take me decades to understand.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 171, "end": 173, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "91"}, {"start": 185, "end": 190, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 436, "end": 441, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 515, "end": 522, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "One day"}, {"start": 543, "end": 548, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 574, "end": 578, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 818, "end": 821, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21725, "source_text": "“Child, whether it is Mao Zedong or Deng Xiaoping, it makes little difference for the Uyghurs. Their goal was never to make Uyghur lives better.” At the time, I found his answer puzzling. Only years later did I begin to understand what he meant. As I entered adulthood, I increasingly noticed patterns that had seemed invisible when I was younger. Opportunities did not always appear to be distributed equally. Admission to better schools often depended on more than academic performance. Finding a respectable job often depended on more than qualifications. Many Uyghurs felt that important opportunities were becoming harder to reach, while others appeared to move ahead more easily. Years later, when I read the writings of the imprisoned Uyghur scholar Ilham Tohti , I was struck by how closely his observations reflected realities many ordinary Uyghurs had long experienced. He wrote about employment inequality, barriers to social mobility, and the growing marginalization of Uyghur language and culture. Reading his words, I often felt that he was describing the frustrations that many of us had quietly carried for years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 559, "end": 563, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 836, "end": 840, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21726, "source_text": "At the time, however, these concerns remained largely beneath the surface. People complained privately. They rarely spoke openly. And despite growing frustrations, daily life continued. Uyghurs and Han Chinese lived in the same cities, studied in the same schools, worked in the same offices, and shared the same public spaces. The tensions existed. But so did ordinary human relationships. Then came July 5, 2009 . Only days earlier, reports had spread among Uyghurs about the killing of Uyghur migrant workers in Shaoguan , Guangdong Province (June 25–26, 2009). The official silence that followed deepened public anger and grief. I happened to be traveling for work when the Shaoguan incident occurred. When I returned to Urumqi on July 4, I could sense that the city was uneasy. Yet I could not have imagined what would happen the next day. On the afternoon of July 5, I met several friends near the Grand Bazaar. We had gathered simply to celebrate my return. Before our food even arrived, people began rushing out into the streets. We followed them outside. The scene was chaotic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 164, "end": 169, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 401, "end": 413, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 5, 2009"}, {"start": 526, "end": 544, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Guangdong Province"}, {"start": 546, "end": 553, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 25"}, {"start": 554, "end": 556, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "26"}, {"start": 558, "end": 562, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2009"}, {"start": 735, "end": 741, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 4"}, {"start": 835, "end": 843, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next day"}, {"start": 865, "end": 871, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 5"}, {"start": 879, "end": 886, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "several"}]}
{"unique_index": 21727, "source_text": "People were running in every direction. Some were crying. Others looked terrified. A young woman ran past us shouting, “They opened fire!” Moments later, a university student told us that demonstrators protesting the Shaoguan killings had been met with gunfire. Whether every rumor was true or not hardly mattered at that moment. Fear spread faster than facts. Smoke rose in the distance. Panic spread through the streets. Nobody seemed to know what would happen next. My friends and I eventually made our way home through side streets. That night, the electricity went out. Gunshots echoed through the darkness. Families called one another in tears. Parents searched desperately for their children. Rumors spread that more violence was coming. For the first time in my life, I understood what it meant to feel vulnerable in the city where I was born. Yet the deepest impact of July 2009 did not come from that night alone. It came from what followed. A lasting impact The most profound change after July 2009 was not the increase in security measures in the region. It was the transformation of human relationships.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 537, "end": 547, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "That night"}, {"start": 629, "end": 632, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 878, "end": 887, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2009"}, {"start": 906, "end": 916, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "that night"}, {"start": 1000, "end": 1009, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2009"}]}
{"unique_index": 21728, "source_text": "Tensions between Uyghurs and Han Chinese had existed long before July 2009. Many Uyghurs were already concerned about demographic change, unequal opportunities, and the gradual erosion of their cultural space. These frustrations were real. But despite them, life continued through countless ordinary relationships. People worked together. They studied together. They lived next door to one another. Friendships, professional relationships, and neighborly ties still existed. After July 2009, something changed. What had previously remained beneath the surface became openly visible. The tragedy not only produced fear. It also produced mistrust. The change was not immediate. No one woke up the next morning and announced that trust had disappeared. Instead, it faded quietly. One conversation at a time. One friendship at a time. One silence at a time. People who had worked together for years suddenly became more careful around each other. Conversations that once felt natural became awkward. Subjects that could once be discussed openly were avoided. Sometimes nobody said anything at all. The silence itself said enough. An invisible wall had appeared. And everyone knew it was there. Some friendships disappeared.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 65, "end": 74, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2009"}, {"start": 76, "end": 80, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 386, "end": 389, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 481, "end": 490, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2009"}, {"start": 695, "end": 707, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "next morning"}, {"start": 777, "end": 780, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 805, "end": 808, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}, {"start": 831, "end": 834, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "One"}]}
{"unique_index": 21729, "source_text": "Some colleagues stopped speaking openly to one another. Some neighbors who had once shared meals and celebrations began looking at one another differently. For many people, the most painful realization was not that ethnic tensions existed. It was discovering how quickly those tensions could overwhelm relationships that had once seemed genuine. A homeland is not defined only by territory; it is also defined by relationships. When those relationships begin to unravel, the sense of belonging begins to unravel as well. Then came the years after 2017. [Editorial note: The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Regulation on De-extremification was enacted on March 29, 2017.] By then, many of the fears and anxieties that Uyghurs had quietly discussed for years no longer felt hypothetical. Large numbers of Uyghurs disappeared into detention facilities and prisons . Intellectuals, writers, professors, religious figures, businesspeople, artists, and ordinary citizens were swept into a campaign unlike anything the region had experienced before. For many Uyghurs, it seemed as though an entire society had suddenly become suspect. Almost everyone knew someone who had disappeared. A relative. A former classmate. A colleague. A neighbor.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 46, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 131, "end": 134, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 160, "end": 164, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 547, "end": 551, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}, {"start": 574, "end": 618, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Regulation"}, {"start": 656, "end": 670, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "March 29, 2017"}, {"start": 880, "end": 887, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}, {"start": 889, "end": 899, "label": "JOB", "value": "professors"}, {"start": 936, "end": 943, "label": "JOB", "value": "artists"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1053, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21730, "source_text": "A teacher. A friend. The uncertainty itself became a source of fear. At the same time, the space for Uyghur language, culture, and religious life continued to shrink. Many mosques disappeared from city landscapes. Uyghur-language education became increasingly restricted. Books vanished from bookstores and libraries. Public expressions of cultural and religious identity became more difficult. Families were separated. Friendships were interrupted. Entire communities were transformed. Looking back, I often think about how these developments affected my understanding of statelessness. They did not create that feeling. By then, the feeling already existed. I had first encountered it years earlier — in the inequalities I observed growing up, in the tensions that surrounded daily life, and in the painful divisions that emerged after July 2009. What happened after 2017 did not teach me what statelessness was. It confirmed what I had already begun to understand. That statelessness is not always about crossing borders. It can also emerge when people begin to feel that their language, culture, memories, and future no longer have an equal place in the homeland they have always known.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 2, "end": 9, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 167, "end": 171, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 778, "end": 783, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 838, "end": 847, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 2009"}, {"start": 869, "end": 873, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2017"}]}
{"unique_index": 21731, "source_text": "The distance between a person and their homeland is not measured only in kilometers. Sometimes it is measured in belonging. And for many Uyghurs, that distance had never felt greater. Slowly, I began to understand something that had never occurred to me as a child. Citizenship and belonging are not the same thing. A person can possess a passport and still feel politically invisible. A person can carry an identity card and still feel increasingly disconnected from the society around them. That is the form of statelessness I learned. Not the statelessness of missing documents. Not the statelessness of crossing borders. But the statelessness of remaining on one’s ancestral land while gradually losing the feeling of belonging to it. Many people assume that Uyghurs first experienced statelessness when they left their homeland and entered exile. My experience was different. I learned the feeling of statelessness long before I crossed any border. I learned it when I watched the distance between myself and my homeland grow wider year after year. I learned it when relationships that once seemed natural became strained by mistrust.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 132, "end": 136, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 739, "end": 743, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21732, "source_text": "I learned it when belonging itself began to feel uncertain. My father is no longer alive today. He passed away before he could witness many of the changes that would later transform our homeland. Yet I often find myself returning to those conversations we had when I was a child. At first, I thought he was teaching me about religion. Later, I thought he was teaching me about politics. Only much later did I understand that he was teaching me about belonging. Decades later, I finally understood what he was trying to tell me. Citizenship and belonging are not the same thing. Statelessness is not always the absence of a country. Sometimes it is the slow erosion of belonging. It happens when a people begin to feel that their language, their culture, their memories, and even their future no longer have an equal place in the land they call home. Many people assume I learned that lesson in exile. The truth is more painful. I learned it in my own homeland.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 89, "end": 94, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 850, "end": 854, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21750, "source_text": "Online visibility becomes currency for young Cameroonians\n\nIn Cameroon, having an online presence has become a real economic opportunity for many young people. Between university studies, part-time jobs, and social media content creation, they successfully juggle multiple activities to diversify their income sources. Ring light, check. Microphone, check. Camera, ready to shoot. Every morning, 25-year-old Emily Bougem goes through her equipment one final time before recording content for her online audience. For the past four years, this has been part of her daily routine. But Bougem has two occupations. As a university student, she is expected to be on campus by 7:30 a.m. Yet her days often begin much earlier. At exactly 3:30 a.m., her alarm rings, marking the start of what she calls “a class before a class.” Inside the four walls of her small studio in the Damas neighborhood of Yaounde, she carefully reviews videos recorded the previous day. Editing comes next. Through her online brand, EmiBougs services , she shares tutorials and productivity tips, particularly on Microsoft Office tools and digital logistics, as well as voiceovers For Bougem, content creation is more than a hobby.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 57, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Online visibility becomes currency for young Cameroonians"}, {"start": 62, "end": 70, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 141, "end": 145, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 381, "end": 394, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Every morning"}, {"start": 396, "end": 407, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "25-year-old"}, {"start": 448, "end": 451, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 521, "end": 536, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "past four years"}, {"start": 564, "end": 569, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "daily"}, {"start": 594, "end": 597, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 671, "end": 680, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "7:30 a.m."}, {"start": 731, "end": 740, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "3:30 a.m."}, {"start": 832, "end": 836, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 870, "end": 875, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Damas"}, {"start": 892, "end": 899, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yaounde"}, {"start": 943, "end": 955, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "previous day"}, {"start": 1083, "end": 1099, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Microsoft Office"}]}
{"unique_index": 21751, "source_text": "She told Global Voices: The job market is saturated. If I ever want a chance at securing a stable job, I have to make myself known. I need connections. But more importantly, I need money. What other option do I have besides making use of platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook and Instagram? All it takes is data and a little courage. Her reasoning reflects a growing trend among young Cameroonians. In a country where formal employment opportunities remain limited , social media platforms are increasingly viewed as investments rather than distractions. The country’s more than 12 million internet users and nearly 6 million social media users illustrate the expanding role of digital platforms in everyday life. For many young Cameroonians, online visibility has become an economic asset . One of them is 28-year-old Florent Marius Ngah, better known online as “ Dylan Comedy .” A content creator and comedian, he began posting videos in 2020 simply for entertainment. He explains to Global Voices: At first, it was not professional at all. I was just creating content for fun.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 9, "end": 22, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 253, "end": 261, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 263, "end": 271, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 276, "end": 285, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 575, "end": 585, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "12 million"}, {"start": 612, "end": 621, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6 million"}, {"start": 714, "end": 718, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 803, "end": 814, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "28-year-old"}, {"start": 861, "end": 873, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dylan Comedy"}, {"start": 879, "end": 894, "label": "JOB", "value": "content creator"}, {"start": 936, "end": 940, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2020"}, {"start": 982, "end": 995, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}]}
{"unique_index": 21752, "source_text": "Things changed around 2022 when I started earning money from it. That is when I began to take it seriously. Today, Marius Ngah considers social media an important part of his professional life. Although he acknowledges that content creation alone rarely provides a stable income in Cameroon, online visibility has created opportunities that would otherwise have remained inaccessible. He says: What brings income are partnerships, advertising and collaborations. If you are not visible, your content cannot reach people and those opportunities do not come. For him, visibility weighs more than popularity. It has allowed him to meet influential personalities, build professional relationships and access spaces he never imagined entering. I have met people I never thought I would sit with. Some of them have become very close friends. The rise of content creators, influencers, and digital entrepreneurs illustrates a broader transformation of youth employment in Cameroon. Traditional job hunting is gradually being complemented, and sometimes replaced , by digital networking, personal branding, and content monetization. Facebook remains by far the dominant social media platform in Cameroon .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 22, "end": 26, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 108, "end": 113, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 282, "end": 290, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 848, "end": 864, "label": "JOB", "value": "content creators"}, {"start": 866, "end": 877, "label": "JOB", "value": "influencers"}, {"start": 891, "end": 904, "label": "JOB", "value": "entrepreneurs"}, {"start": 965, "end": 973, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 1125, "end": 1133, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1187, "end": 1195, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}]}
{"unique_index": 21753, "source_text": "It accounted for approximately 86 percent of social media traffic in April 2026, making it the country’s primary platform for communication, entertainment, information sharing and business promotion. However, widespread use does not necessarily translate into professional use. While Facebook dominates everyday social media activity, platforms such as LinkedIn are increasingly attracting young people seeking internships, employment opportunities, and professional visibility. This distinction emerged from an informal WhatsApp survey conducted in May 2026 among 30 students at the University of Yaounde I, in Cameroon. Although the survey was not intended to be representative of all Cameroonian students, it provides insight into the professional networking habits of this particular group. Among the respondents, 27 identified LinkedIn as their preferred platform for internships, jobs, and professional opportunities, while three selected WhatsApp. None cited Facebook, Instagram, or X as their main platform for career-related opportunities. The findings suggest that although Facebook remains the country’s most widely used social network , LinkedIn may increasingly be viewed by some university students as a dedicated space for professional networking and career development.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 31, "end": 33, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "86"}, {"start": 69, "end": 79, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 284, "end": 292, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 353, "end": 361, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 521, "end": 529, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 550, "end": 558, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "May 2026"}, {"start": 565, "end": 567, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 584, "end": 607, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "University of Yaounde I"}, {"start": 612, "end": 620, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 818, "end": 820, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "27"}, {"start": 832, "end": 840, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 930, "end": 935, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "three"}, {"start": 945, "end": 953, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 966, "end": 974, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 976, "end": 985, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 990, "end": 991, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 1084, "end": 1092, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1149, "end": 1157, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}]}
{"unique_index": 21754, "source_text": "The rise of cyberbullying and digital fraud Nevertheless, the same platforms that create professional opportunities can also expose them to vulnerability. The dangers of sharing personal information online are always present. Dylan Comedy says: Nothing in life comes easy. If I want something, I have to take risks. These risks range from identity theft and account hacking to cyberbullying and online scams. Ndjakomo, now 23 years old, remembers the day her Instagram account was compromised, two years ago: The person who hacked my account used my identity to ask my followers for financial assistance. I was too young to know how to handle the situation. Bidias, another victim, fell into what appeared to be a professional trap. I received an email that looked like a response to a job application. I clicked on the link and before I understood what was happening, all the accounts connected to my email address had been hacked. LinkedIn, Facebook, everything. Their experiences are far from isolated. Cyberbullying and digital fraud have become growing concerns worldwide.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 226, "end": 238, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Dylan Comedy"}, {"start": 419, "end": 422, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 423, "end": 435, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "23 years old"}, {"start": 459, "end": 468, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 494, "end": 507, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years ago"}, {"start": 933, "end": 941, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 943, "end": 951, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}]}
{"unique_index": 21755, "source_text": "According to a UNICEF survey conducted among young people across 30 countries, one in three young people reported having experienced online bullying, while nearly three-quarters identified social media platforms as the most common spaces where such incidents occur. In Cameroon, authorities have introduced measures to improve cybersecurity and digital literacy. The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications regularly promotes safer internet practices through awareness campaigns and digital education initiatives. The country has also taken steps to strengthen the protection of personal data through Law No. 2024/017 , adopted in 2024. The legislation establishes rules governing the collection, storage, and use of personal data and seeks to provide greater protection for citizens against the misuse of their information in the digital space. Yet experts argue that legislation alone cannot eliminate online threats. The rapid expansion of digital connectivity means that new opportunities are often accompanied by new vulnerabilities. Cybersecurity specialists and digital rights advocates maintain that while legal and institutional frameworks are essential, continuous public awareness and education remain key to reducing online risks . Michel Boris Affah Ebengue is a 29-year-old industrial engineer.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 21, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "UNICEF"}, {"start": 65, "end": 67, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "30"}, {"start": 79, "end": 91, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one in three"}, {"start": 269, "end": 277, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 367, "end": 407, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications"}, {"start": 602, "end": 618, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Law No. 2024/017"}, {"start": 632, "end": 636, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 1054, "end": 1065, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialists"}, {"start": 1070, "end": 1094, "label": "JOB", "value": "digital rights advocates"}, {"start": 1245, "end": 1271, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Michel Boris Affah Ebengue"}, {"start": 1277, "end": 1288, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "29-year-old"}, {"start": 1289, "end": 1308, "label": "JOB", "value": "industrial engineer"}]}
{"unique_index": 21756, "source_text": "He is also the founder of Futura Tutoring , an educational agency based in Yaounde, Cameroon. Futura Tutoring specializes in academic guidance and examination preparation. As a young entrepreneur who regularly recruits staff, he believes that social media has become an important gateway to professional opportunities, but warns against equating visibility with employability. He says: Social media can open doors, but it is skills, qualifications and the ability to create value that allow people to walk through them. For him, social media is an invaluable professional tool. But it is something that should complement, rather than replace, competence. He concludes: Online platforms are an excellent tool, but they can never replace training and the continuous development of skills. LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and X have transformed the way young people connect, search for employment and build professional identities. Visibility has become a form of capital. One that can open doors, attract opportunities, and generate income. Yet the same visibility that offers hope also demands exposure. For these young Cameroonians, the pursuit of opportunity now means navigating a digital world where every click can create a connection or a risk.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 15, "end": 22, "label": "JOB", "value": "founder"}, {"start": 75, "end": 82, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Yaounde"}, {"start": 84, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Cameroon"}, {"start": 183, "end": 195, "label": "JOB", "value": "entrepreneur"}, {"start": 787, "end": 795, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "LinkedIn"}, {"start": 797, "end": 805, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 807, "end": 816, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Instagram"}, {"start": 818, "end": 824, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "TikTok"}, {"start": 1166, "end": 1169, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}]}
{"unique_index": 21765, "source_text": "Beyond the binary: Global traditions of gender fluidity\n\nToo often, gender fluidity is thought of as a “new” or even “Western” phenomenon. However, the reality is that countless cultures around the world have traditions and histories beyond the gender binary. Many precolonial cultures recognized multiple genders, including two-spirit people in Indigenous groups in North America and First Nations groups , and Torres Strait Islander peoples in modern-day Australia, who celebrated brotherboys, sistergirls, and other gender-diverse identities. Many Pacific Islander communities also have gender variations, including the fiafifine in Niue, the fakaleiti in Tonga, the vaka sa lewa lewa in Fiji, the whakawahine in New Zealand, the rae rae in Tahiti, and the mahu in Hawaii. In Africa, historians have identified rich histories of LGBTQ+ identities. This fluidity is also present in folktales, religions, and myths worldwide, which feature complex, gender-diverse characters, from genderless creators and androgynous fertility deities to legendary figures who defy the gender binary or switch genders altogether. And in many cases, this fluidity isn’t incidental but a core tenet of the mythology itself.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 55, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Beyond the binary: Global traditions of gender fluidity"}, {"start": 260, "end": 264, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 367, "end": 380, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North America"}, {"start": 457, "end": 466, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Australia"}, {"start": 546, "end": 550, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Many"}, {"start": 551, "end": 558, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pacific"}, {"start": 636, "end": 640, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Niue"}, {"start": 659, "end": 664, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Tonga"}, {"start": 691, "end": 695, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Fiji"}, {"start": 716, "end": 727, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "New Zealand"}, {"start": 779, "end": 785, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 787, "end": 797, "label": "JOB", "value": "historians"}, {"start": 993, "end": 1001, "label": "JOB", "value": "creators"}, {"start": 1121, "end": 1125, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21766, "source_text": "However, with the spread of European colonialism and monotheistic religions, many of these myths were erased or flattened into binary gendered beings that fit into Western Christian ideologies. As one scholar notes , “their gendered worldview didn’t easily map onto the societies they encountered.” G ender diversity was sidelined, and gender diverse people were forced to go underground and hide their identities. It’s important to note that gender diversity never disappeared — rather, people lost the opportunity to openly express themselves in fear of being persecuted or stigmatized. While representation has ebbed and flowed in various cultures throughout history, gender diversity has remained visible in some religious and cultural myths. In this collaborative article, Global Voices dives into non-binary gender representation traditions from around the world, spanning China, South Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and more. Mythological roots in Hinduism The theological foundation for gender variance is most powerfully articulated in ancient Hindu texts and epics. The most well-known gender fluid Hindu God is the Ardhanarishvara (The Half-Female Lord), which represents the composite androgynous (masculine and feminine) form of the Hindu deity Shiva and his consort, the goddess Parvati .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 197, "end": 200, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 778, "end": 791, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 879, "end": 884, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 886, "end": 896, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 898, "end": 904, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Africa"}, {"start": 910, "end": 919, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Caribbean"}]}
{"unique_index": 21767, "source_text": "Ardhanarishvara is depicted as a single figure divided down the middle: Shiva on the right and Parvati on the left. The name means “ the Lord who is half woman .” This deity symbolizes the unity and balance of the masculine and feminine energies, Purusha and Prakriti , representing the ultimate reality that transcends binary gender. It is a philosophical cornerstone for understanding gender as a spectrum. Gender fluidity is also commonly found in numerous Hindu epics. In the Hindu epic “ Ramayana ,” on the very first day of his 14-year exile from Ayodhya, lord Rama asks his devotees — “men and women” to return to the city; those who stayed and waited for him are later blessed and identified with the origins of the hijra (a third gender) community who are still found in South Asia today. In the Hindu epic “ Mahabharata ,” in the thirteenth year of exile, the central character, the warrior Arjuna, disguises himself as Brihannala, “a eunuch teacher of music and dance,” to Princess Uttarā , which many modern writers frame as a third-gender or gender-crossing role.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 149, "end": 153, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "half"}, {"start": 780, "end": 790, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "South Asia"}, {"start": 791, "end": 796, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 952, "end": 959, "label": "JOB", "value": "teacher"}, {"start": 984, "end": 992, "label": "JOB", "value": "Princess"}, {"start": 1008, "end": 1012, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1027, "label": "JOB", "value": "writers"}]}
{"unique_index": 21768, "source_text": "The god Vishnu also transforms into the enchantress Mohini, his only female avatar and a central figure for thinking about gender fluidity and divine embodiment. A third gender, known as “Third Nature” ( Tritiya Prakriti ), is also recognized in ancient Hindu legal and medical texts (like the Kama Sutra and Sushruta Samhita) that explicitly refer to a third sex, describing individuals who are born with the characteristics of both sexes or who are attracted to their own sex, framing these identities as a natural part of human existence. Fluidity in Chinese Buddhism Buddhism also has a tradition of gender fluidity in its mythology. Guanshiyin Bodhisattva (觀世音菩薩) or Guanyin in short, meaning “the Bodhisattva (living Buddha) who perceives sounds of the world,” is a gender-fluid deity and one of the most beloved divine entities in Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, and other folk religions. The original form of Guanyin is Avalokitesvara , a Bodhisattva associated with compassion. In early Buddhist Sutras (holy books), Avalokitesvara is depicted as “a valiant man” (in the Avatamak Sutra) or “a virtuous man” (in the Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka-sūtram).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 429, "end": 433, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21769, "source_text": "However, according to the Lotus Sutra, a Bodhisattva does not have a fixed gender, and Avalokitesvara appears in the living world to enlighten sentient beings in thirty-two different forms — from a Buddha or a Brahma king to a woman, a girl, or even a non-human form. Sutras about Guanyin Avalokitesvara were first translated into Chinese during the Han Dynasty; its sculptures appeared in China, in particular along the Silk Road, around the North and South Dynasties. The early sculptures, often in the form of “Lotus-Guanyin” (持蓮觀音), retained masculine features, including flat chests and sometimes mustaches. During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), as China’s only female monarch Wu Zetian (624–705 CE) declared herself the reincarnation of the Maitreya Buddha , the image of Guanyin, often in the forms of “Eleven-Faces Guanyin” (十一面) and “Thousand Arms Guanyi” (千手觀音), became more androgynous, with female facial features and bodies. This cemented the belief that the compassionate goddess would always listen to and respond to believers’ requests (有求必應).", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 162, "end": 172, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thirty-two"}, {"start": 217, "end": 221, "label": "JOB", "value": "king"}, {"start": 350, "end": 361, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Han Dynasty"}, {"start": 390, "end": 395, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 421, "end": 430, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Silk Road"}, {"start": 624, "end": 636, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Tang Dynasty"}, {"start": 638, "end": 645, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "618–907"}, {"start": 654, "end": 659, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 682, "end": 691, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Wu Zetian"}, {"start": 693, "end": 700, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "624–705"}, {"start": 843, "end": 851, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Thousand"}]}
{"unique_index": 21770, "source_text": "By the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE), Guanyin took on an obvious female form, with the image of “Water-Moon Guanyin” (水月觀音) akin to the Chinese painting style and the grassroots worship of “the Child-giving Guanyin” (送子觀音) among female believers. During the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), the epic Chinese novel, “Journey to the West,” (西游记) further consolidated Guanyin’s iconography as the maternal goddess of mercy, as the deity, in her “South-sea” or “Cross-sea Guanyin” (南海 / 渡觀音) female image, directs the pilgrimage by taming the Monkey King, recruiting the virtuous monk Tang Sanzang and all of his bodyguards and helping the pilgrims solve many of the challenges along the journey. Today, statues of “South-Sea Guangyin” are frequently seen along China’s coasts. Precolumbian gender fluidity in Peru and Ecuador [Translated by Ameya Nagarajan] The first Europeans to arrive on the coast of present-day Ecuador encountered a figure who did not fit their binary gender categories. Colonial chronicles describe the “ enchaquirados ” — young people who, according to these accounts, were designated from an early age to perform ritual roles, dressed as women, and engaged in ceremonial relationships with members of the Huancavilca elite.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 7, "end": 19, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Song Dynasty"}, {"start": 21, "end": 24, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "960"}, {"start": 25, "end": 29, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1279"}, {"start": 255, "end": 267, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Ming Dynasty"}, {"start": 269, "end": 273, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1368"}, {"start": 274, "end": 278, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "1644"}, {"start": 536, "end": 540, "label": "JOB", "value": "King"}, {"start": 683, "end": 688, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "Today"}, {"start": 748, "end": 753, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "China"}, {"start": 796, "end": 800, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Peru"}, {"start": 805, "end": 812, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 828, "end": 843, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ameya Nagarajan"}, {"start": 903, "end": 910, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}]}
{"unique_index": 21771, "source_text": "Written from a perspective deeply shaped by 16th-century European morality, these accounts are among the most frequently cited historical records of alternative understandings of gender in pre-Hispanic Ecuadorian societies. Far from remaining confined to archives, the story of the enchaquirados has come back to life in contemporary Ecuador. Research by scholars such as anthropologist Hugo Benavides has prompted a critical re-examination of this episode, while in Engabao — a fishing community in Guayas province — an LGBTQ+ collective adopted the name “Los Enchaquirados” to reclaim a history that had long been rendered invisible. This experience was captured in the documentary “La playa de los enchaquirados” (The Beach of the Enchaquirados), which links the pre-Hispanic past with current discussions on identity, memory, and diversity. Hundreds of kilometers to the south, in the heart of the Andean world, colonial sources also recorded figures who defy gender categories understood through Western parameters. Among them are the “ quariwarmi ,” figures associated with ceremonial practices of the Inca world — particularly in territories that are now part of Peru .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 334, "end": 341, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ecuador"}, {"start": 372, "end": 386, "label": "JOB", "value": "anthropologist"}, {"start": 387, "end": 401, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Hugo Benavides"}, {"start": 685, "end": 714, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "La playa de los enchaquirados"}, {"start": 845, "end": 853, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Hundreds"}, {"start": 1158, "end": 1161, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 1170, "end": 1174, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Peru"}]}
{"unique_index": 21772, "source_text": "Their name combines the Quechua words “qari” (man) and “warmi” (woman), and various studies describe them as ritual specialists linked to spaces where the distinction between the masculine and the feminine did not necessarily adhere to a rigid or exclusionary logic. Interpretations regarding the quariwarmi remain a subject of debate, yet their presence in historical sources has led researchers to re-examine how Andean societies conceived of gender before colonization. Some authors argue that these figures should be understood within a broader framework of complementarity and balance among various social and spiritual principles. Beyond academic discourse, the quariwarmi have become a significant reference point for understanding the diversity of human experiences documented in the pre-Hispanic Andean world. Human transformers and gender fluidity in Yorùbá cosmology Long before the modern term “gender bending” became commonplace, the ancient Yorùbá of West Africa had special beings believed to move between masculinity and femininity. These beings were called òrìṣà . One of the most beloved òrìṣà is Ọbàtálá, who is regarded as a creator deity in Yoruba mythology.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 116, "end": 127, "label": "JOB", "value": "specialists"}, {"start": 385, "end": 396, "label": "JOB", "value": "researchers"}, {"start": 478, "end": 485, "label": "JOB", "value": "authors"}, {"start": 965, "end": 976, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "West Africa"}, {"start": 1145, "end": 1152, "label": "JOB", "value": "creator"}]}
{"unique_index": 21773, "source_text": "Ọbàtálá is often interpreted as embodying both masculine and feminine qualities and is associated with the creation of humans through the molding of the fetus in clay, both physically in the womb and spiritually. Because this creative force extends across male and female reproductive existence, Ọbàtálá is often viewed as transcending rigid gender boundaries. Another òrìṣà frequently described through transformation is Èṣù Ọ̀dàrà. Èṣù , which has been commonly mistranslated as Devil/Satan by Christian missionaries, represents duality and change. Everything has an opposite, and these dual spaces are occupied by Èṣù. Because of this role, Èṣù may be interpreted as male or female, tall or short, good (àdó aṣure) or bad (àdó aṣubí). Within the esoteric corpus of Ifá (the scripture of the Yoruba religion and divination system), there is a story in which Èṣù transformed into a woman. It is said that a man named Ṣàkòtó, seeking good fortune, made sacrificial offerings, and Èṣù transformed into a female form to test the man’s character. Beyond physical transformation, there are female òrìṣà whose identities challenge expectations of femininity.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 42, "end": 46, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}, {"start": 168, "end": 172, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21774, "source_text": "Ọya, wife of Ṣàngó and the òrìṣà of the River Niger (odò Ọya), embodies transition and movement. Associated with storms and powerful winds. Ọya is also portrayed as possessing qualities traditionally associated with men: Authority, courage, and participation in warfare. Her fierceness is linked to the buffalo, whose horns serve as her totem and symbol of force. Ọ̀ṣun is the òrìṣà of fertility , beauty, intelligence, diplomacy, and political power. In the creation narratives, Olódùmarè, the genderless Supreme Being, sent sixteen emissaries to establish order on earth, and Ọ̀ṣun was the only female among them. The men excluded her from decision-making, which led to a failed earthly mission. They returned to Olódùmarè to complain, and they were told that progress required negotiating with the woman they had ignored. In the end, Ọ̀ṣun emerged as a force of authority whose wisdom restored balance. All said and done, Yorùbá sacred traditions preserve narratives of òrìṣà who exhibit transformation, fluidity, and boundary-crossing in different forms, and their memory continues to live in the minds of Yorùbá people across the world.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 40, "end": 51, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "River Niger"}, {"start": 526, "end": 533, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "sixteen"}]}
{"unique_index": 21775, "source_text": "A Carnival character that crosses gender lines One of Trinidad and Tobago’s most beloved traditional masquerade characters is the Dame Lorraine , who has been part of Carnival expression for centuries. Even today, the character’s comical performances, which were rooted in parodying the French planter class, are well received by spectators. Easily identified by her hefty bosom and exaggeratedly ample buttocks, Dame Lorraine was historically played by men crossdressing. Since the whole point was less about convincingly portraying a woman and more about mocking colonial oppressors, men were suited to the role in various ways. Apart from the fact that 18th- and 19th-century masquerade and public performance traditions around Carnival tended to be male-dominated, their physicality and exaggerated movements often heightened the comedy through caricature. A 2021 article at Folklife suggested that the practice of men portraying female characters “may have been inspired by the Gẹlẹdẹ masquerade in West African Yoruba societies, which venerate the role and power of women in society.” Trinidadian dancer and cultural commentator Sonja Dumas, however, stressed that “ the original Dame Lorraine was a performance by groups of recently emancipated African people , and it wasn’t a singular character or a band of people in the same costume.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 54, "end": 73, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Trinidad and Tobago"}, {"start": 207, "end": 212, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 863, "end": 867, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 879, "end": 887, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Folklife"}]}
{"unique_index": 21776, "source_text": "It was a satirical performance of the colonial period — yet another gesture of resistance on the part of the Africans.” Dumas surmised that the fact that Dame Lorraines were originally played by men was “yet another manifestation of carnivalesque inversion.” Interestingly, anthropologist Daniel J. Crowley posited that “women also played the Dame Lorraine back in the Jamette Carnival day,” and that perhaps both the men and women of the time could have opted to dress as the opposite gender. The Dame even has her own theme song , typically played whenever the character performs: Nowadays, more women than men dress up as Dames Lorraine. The costume consists of an ankle-length dress with wrist-length sleeves, often with frills and other embellishments. The Dames usually carry a fan and parasol, or sport an ornately decorated wide-brimmed hat. Her movements, though, are what make this character truly special. She dances in a manner that is at once humorous, suggestive, and rebellious, with her substantial lady parts taking center stage in a tantalizingly satirical sway.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 274, "end": 288, "label": "JOB", "value": "anthropologist"}, {"start": 289, "end": 306, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Daniel J. Crowley"}, {"start": 409, "end": 413, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "both"}]}
{"unique_index": 21777, "source_text": "Carnival has always been a space for cutting social commentary, and characters like Dame Lorraine embody clever ways to challenge authority and give voice to self-expression. Women warriors defying traditional gender roles Kyrgyz folklore is rich with stories of warrior women defying traditional gender roles, which remain popular today across communities worldwide. The two most famous tales belong to Kyz Saikal (Saikal the Maiden) and Janyl Myrza (Janyl the Warrior). Kyz Saikal is one of the characters found in the epic of “Manas,” the most famous and important folktale in Kyrgyzstan. In the epic, Kyz Saikal is described as a fierce and skillful warrior from the Noighut tribe. The two most famous versions of the epic, told by manaschy (Manas tellers) Sagymbay Orozbakov and Sayakbay Karalayev, mention her beauty, strength, skills, and courage, stating she “carried a sword, spear, and shield.” In Orozbakov’s version, she challenges Manas, the main hero and warrior, to a jousting duel with spears, promising to give up her life, freedom, and a horse should she lose and asking for peace and freedom for her people should she win.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 332, "end": 337, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 372, "end": 375, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}, {"start": 404, "end": 414, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyz Saikal"}, {"start": 416, "end": 422, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Saikal"}, {"start": 439, "end": 450, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Janyl Myrza"}, {"start": 452, "end": 457, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Janyl"}, {"start": 472, "end": 482, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyz Saikal"}, {"start": 580, "end": 590, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kyrgyzstan"}, {"start": 605, "end": 615, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyz Saikal"}, {"start": 690, "end": 693, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21778, "source_text": "She injures Manas, who is saved by one of his trusted companions named Chubak, whose interference violates the rules of jousting. In Karalayev’s version, Manas and Kyz Saikal compete twice, each winning one duel. After Manas wins in the end, he asks for her hand in marriage, which Kyz Saikal declines, offering to be his wife in the afterlife instead, since Manas already had a wife. In 2016, the BBC included Kyz Saikal in its list of 100 influential and inspirational women around the world and created a brief documentary about her . Rivaling Kyz Saikal’s legendary status and perhaps even overshadowing it is the legend of Janyl Myrza, known as a fierce warrior, excellent rider, and deadly markswoman. Her story is laid ou t in the eponymous poem written by Tenti Adysheva based on existing oral legends. As a long-awaited only child in her family, Janyl Myrza was brought up by her father to serve as a leader of her Noighut tribe. According to legends, she successfully defended her people against the Kalmyk invaders .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 164, "end": 174, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyz Saikal"}, {"start": 203, "end": 206, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 282, "end": 292, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyz Saikal"}, {"start": 388, "end": 392, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 398, "end": 401, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BBC"}, {"start": 411, "end": 421, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyz Saikal"}, {"start": 437, "end": 440, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "100"}, {"start": 547, "end": 557, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyz Saikal"}, {"start": 628, "end": 639, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Janyl Myrza"}, {"start": 855, "end": 866, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Janyl Myrza"}]}
{"unique_index": 21779, "source_text": "Her life takes a tragic turn after she kills a warrior named Tulku and his companions after they attack her village and steal herds of horses for declining Tulku’s offer to get married. Tulku’s tribesmen avenge his death by kidnapping Janyl Myrza and marrying her off to an elder named Kalmatay. Defiant, she eventually escapes from the marriage, threatening to shoot down anyone who dares chase after her. Her life ends in her native village in Kakshaal, where she finds desolation upon her return. Just like Kyz Saikal, Janyl Myrza takes on duties traditionally reserved for men while also actively charting her own fate, refusing to be a bystander. Both stories exemplify women breaking gender barriers and social norms within Kyrgyz society. In addition to these examples, there are hundreds across geography and time . While there have historically been systemic efforts to eliminate gender diversity — with some still continuing today — the fact that it perseveres is a testament to its status as a timeless and undeniable part of the human experience.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 235, "end": 246, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Janyl Myrza"}, {"start": 446, "end": 454, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Kakshaal"}, {"start": 510, "end": 520, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kyz Saikal"}, {"start": 522, "end": 533, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Janyl Myrza"}, {"start": 652, "end": 656, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Both"}, {"start": 787, "end": 795, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 935, "end": 940, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}]}
{"unique_index": 21780, "source_text": "What the ending of the U.S.’ Temporary Protection Status could mean for Haiti\n\nThe United States Supreme Court has allowed the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) programme for Haitians to come to an end, placing about 350,000 Haitians at risk of deportation. In June 2024, the Biden administration extended TPS for Haitians by 18 months, moving the end date to August 3, 2025. When President Donald Trump began his second term, then Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem decided to stop the programme, saying the country “no longer qualified” for TPS. The programme was due to end on February 3, 2026, but just two days prior, Judge Ana Reyes of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia issued an order to block the cancellation. Several immigrant rights groups filed lawsuits against the government to protect the programme. The Washington, D.C. court order temporarily stopped the cancellation and gave the Haitian community relief, as the deadline was moved to July 1, 2026. Then, on June 25, 2026, the Supreme Court voted 6–3 in favour of the U.S. government, giving it final approval to end the Haitian TPS programme as planned. The decision also applies to Syrian nationals currently living in the United States under this temporary protection.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 77, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "What the ending of the U.S.’ Temporary Protection Status could mean for Haiti"}, {"start": 83, "end": 96, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 97, "end": 110, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 127, "end": 153, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Temporary Protected Status"}, {"start": 155, "end": 158, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "TPS"}, {"start": 216, "end": 223, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "350,000"}, {"start": 260, "end": 269, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 2024"}, {"start": 325, "end": 334, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "18 months"}, {"start": 359, "end": 373, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "August 3, 2025"}, {"start": 375, "end": 389, "label": "JOB", "value": "When President"}, {"start": 390, "end": 402, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Donald Trump"}, {"start": 431, "end": 458, "label": "JOB", "value": "Homeland Security Secretary"}, {"start": 459, "end": 470, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Kristi Noem"}, {"start": 584, "end": 600, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "February 3, 2026"}, {"start": 611, "end": 619, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two days"}, {"start": 627, "end": 632, "label": "JOB", "value": "Judge"}, {"start": 633, "end": 642, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Ana Reyes"}, {"start": 650, "end": 669, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "U.S. District Court"}, {"start": 678, "end": 698, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "District of Columbia"}, {"start": 742, "end": 749, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "Several"}, {"start": 842, "end": 858, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Washington, D.C."}, {"start": 976, "end": 988, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "July 1, 2026"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1012, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 25, 2026"}, {"start": 1018, "end": 1031, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 1038, "end": 1041, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6–3"}, {"start": 1059, "end": 1063, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 1192, "end": 1201, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 1216, "end": 1229, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}]}
{"unique_index": 21781, "source_text": "According to the California-based migrant rights organisation Haitian Bridge Alliance , Josiane, a Haitian woman who came to the United States in 2021, said she had to leave her country after armed gangs targeted her because of her husband’s political activity. Her husband fled to the Dominican Republic, but gangs still set fire to their home, forcing her to run away for her own safety. The U.S. TPS programme, which Josiane got in 2022, allowed her to work legally, support her family, and pay her bills and taxes. “The termination of TPS is synonymous with the end of my life,” she said. “Every time I hear people talk about deportation, I have heart palpitations because of my extreme hopelessness.” Pierre (a pseudonym), another Haitian TPS beneficiary, has been living in the United States for over 20 years. He told Global Voices via WhatsApp that the Supreme Court’s decision has crushed him: Depi lè mwen aprann desizyon Kou Siprèm nan, mwen santi yon veritab dezolasyon. Mwen pa gen enèji pou mwen fè anyen ankò. Anplis, mwen gen pitit ki fèt nan peyi a. Mwen poze tèt mwen anpil kesyon: kisa mwen pral fè, epi kijan yo pral viv si mwen pa avèk yo?", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 62, "end": 85, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Haitian Bridge Alliance"}, {"start": 129, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 146, "end": 150, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2021"}, {"start": 286, "end": 304, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Dominican Republic"}, {"start": 394, "end": 398, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 435, "end": 439, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 706, "end": 712, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Pierre"}, {"start": 784, "end": 797, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 807, "end": 815, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "20 years"}, {"start": 825, "end": 838, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Global Voices"}, {"start": 843, "end": 851, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "WhatsApp"}, {"start": 861, "end": 874, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}]}
{"unique_index": 21782, "source_text": "Tout bagay sa yo ap toumante lespri mwen. Epi sa mwen pral fè lè kat travay mwen koupe? Kijan mwen pral peye bòdwo mwen epi pran swen fanmi mwen? Sa ki pi grav la, mwen gen anpil fanmi ann Ayiti ki sou kont mwen. Se mwen kap ede yo. I feel completely devastated. I don’t have the energy to do anything anymore. Also, I have children who were born in this country. I keep asking myself many questions: what will I do, and how will they live if I am not with them? All these things are troubling my mind. And what will I do when my work permit is cut off? How will I pay my bills and take care of my family? What makes it worse is that I have many family members in Haiti who depend on me. I am the one helping them. On June 25, 2026, the executive director of Haitian Bridge Alliance, Guerline Jozef , noted , “The Supreme Court’s 6–3 ruling in Mullin v. Doe […] is a devastating endorsement of state-sanctioned cruelty.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 385, "end": 389, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 641, "end": 645, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 664, "end": 669, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 697, "end": 700, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 718, "end": 731, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "June 25, 2026"}, {"start": 737, "end": 755, "label": "JOB", "value": "executive director"}, {"start": 759, "end": 782, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Haitian Bridge Alliance"}, {"start": 784, "end": 798, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Guerline Jozef"}, {"start": 814, "end": 827, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 830, "end": 833, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "6–3"}, {"start": 844, "end": 857, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Mullin v. Doe"}]}
{"unique_index": 21783, "source_text": "At a moment when Haiti remains gripped by armed violence, political instability, displacement, and a profound humanitarian crisis, the Supreme Court has given the administration a green light to treat hundreds of thousands of Haitian families as disposable.” The mayor of North Miami, Dr Alix Desulme, also expressed deep concern , stressing that the decision places hundreds of thousands of Haitians in a state of great uncertainty regarding their future, even as their home country continues to grapple with a severe security and humanitarian crisis . He promised to continue supporting the community during this difficult period and encouraged affected families to contact attorneys and reputable immigrant rights organisations to determine the legal options available to them. The Trump administration has made the fight against illegal immigration a top priority, overturning various measures that his predecessor had put in place, including the U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s mobile app CBP One , and the Humanitarian Parole Program , which was implemented in January 2023 and allowed Haitians, Cubans, Venezuelans, and Nicaraguans to enter the United States legally for two years.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 22, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 135, "end": 148, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court"}, {"start": 201, "end": 209, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 213, "end": 222, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 263, "end": 268, "label": "JOB", "value": "mayor"}, {"start": 272, "end": 283, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Miami"}, {"start": 288, "end": 300, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Alix Desulme"}, {"start": 367, "end": 375, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "hundreds"}, {"start": 379, "end": 388, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "thousands"}, {"start": 676, "end": 685, "label": "JOB", "value": "attorneys"}, {"start": 785, "end": 790, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 951, "end": 985, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "U.S. Customs and Border Protection"}, {"start": 999, "end": 1006, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "CBP One"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1044, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Humanitarian Parole Program"}, {"start": 1072, "end": 1084, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "January 2023"}, {"start": 1157, "end": 1170, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "United States"}, {"start": 1183, "end": 1192, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "two years"}]}
{"unique_index": 21784, "source_text": "Haiti’s migrant community has not fared well under the current administration. While on the campaign trail, Trump put forward a baseless claim accusing them of eating pets, which many of his supporters — including his running mate and now Vice President J.D. Vance — repeated on various platforms. Billionaire Elon Musk , who owns the X social media platform and previously served as the de facto head of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), shared posts featuring AI-generated images with millions of X followers, amplifying misinformation and creating significant panic within the Haitian community in Springfield, Ohio, about which the initial comments were made. That same community called the Supreme Court’s TPS ruling “just so wrong.” Meanwhile, as former Fox News host Megyn Kelly went viral for a rant “about immigrants with Temporary Protected Status diluting the American work ethic.” Journalist, filmmaker, and immigration rights activist Jose Antonio Vargas noted on his Facebook page that “an estimated 830,000 TPS holders work in the U.S. labor force.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 5, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Haiti"}, {"start": 108, "end": 113, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Trump"}, {"start": 235, "end": 238, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "now"}, {"start": 239, "end": 253, "label": "JOB", "value": "Vice President"}, {"start": 254, "end": 264, "label": "PERSON", "value": "J.D. Vance"}, {"start": 310, "end": 319, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Elon Musk"}, {"start": 335, "end": 336, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 409, "end": 444, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Department of Government Efficiency"}, {"start": 446, "end": 450, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "DOGE"}, {"start": 501, "end": 509, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "millions"}, {"start": 513, "end": 514, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "X"}, {"start": 615, "end": 626, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Springfield"}, {"start": 628, "end": 632, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ohio"}, {"start": 709, "end": 728, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Supreme Court’s TPS"}, {"start": 774, "end": 782, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Fox News"}, {"start": 845, "end": 871, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Temporary Protected Status"}, {"start": 907, "end": 917, "label": "JOB", "value": "Journalist"}, {"start": 919, "end": 928, "label": "JOB", "value": "filmmaker"}, {"start": 934, "end": 961, "label": "JOB", "value": "immigration rights activist"}, {"start": 962, "end": 981, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jose Antonio Vargas"}, {"start": 995, "end": 1003, "label": "PRODUCT", "value": "Facebook"}, {"start": 1028, "end": 1035, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "830,000"}, {"start": 1060, "end": 1064, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}]}
{"unique_index": 21785, "source_text": "According to the American Immigration Council, 94.6 percent of TPS holders are employed, and the labor force participation rates of long-term TPS holders are considerably higher than the U.S. labor force overall. TPS holders contribute an estimated $29 billion annually to the U.S. economy and pay $7.8 billion in taxes. Never mind its inhumanity, deporting TPS holders back to crisis zones will unnecessarily disrupt essential industries such as healthcare, food, construction, and manufacturing.” It will also have a significant impact on the Haitian population, which lives mostly off of remittances from the diaspora. The situation on the island is very fragile because of insecurity and gang violence. Gangs control a big part of the country, and are responsible for increasing incidents of kidnapping, rape, extortion, assassination, and other crimes. More than 1.5 million Haitians live in displacement camps in difficult conditions, and over five million Haitians face food insecurity . In the context of the country’s political instability and ongoing socioeconomic crisis, the potential mass deportation of Haitians may well be the straw that breaks its back.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 17, "end": 45, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "American Immigration Council"}, {"start": 47, "end": 51, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "94.6"}, {"start": 187, "end": 191, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 250, "end": 260, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "29 billion"}, {"start": 261, "end": 269, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "annually"}, {"start": 277, "end": 281, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 299, "end": 310, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "7.8 billion"}, {"start": 868, "end": 879, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "1.5 million"}, {"start": 950, "end": 962, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "five million"}]}
{"unique_index": 21786, "source_text": "Hate on the ballot: Transphobia and elections\n\nElections amplify the key challenges that trans people face every day. In recent years, politicians in all regions of the world have weaponized transphobia to win votes and smear opponents. The mismatch between trans people’s appearance and identity documents exposes them to discrimination and harassment at the polls. Social hostility and exclusion cause some trans people to stay out of political life and avoid voting altogether. In this article, global LGBTIQ+ advocacy group Outright International rounds up recent examples of barriers trans people face in elections and charts recommendations to advance full participation in democracy. Weaponizing transphobia In the “ super election year ” of 2024, hate toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ+) people was on the ballot in around 85 percent of countries that held elections. Outright’s “ Queering Democracy ,” the most comprehensive global report on queer people’s participation in elections, found that politicians engaged in anti-LGBTIQ+ campaigning in 51 of the 61 jurisdictions examined in the report.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 45, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Hate on the ballot: Transphobia and elections"}, {"start": 107, "end": 116, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "every day"}, {"start": 135, "end": 146, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 528, "end": 550, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Outright International"}, {"start": 749, "end": 753, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 863, "end": 865, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "85"}, {"start": 1037, "end": 1048, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 1088, "end": 1090, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "51"}, {"start": 1098, "end": 1100, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "61"}]}
{"unique_index": 21787, "source_text": "For example, in Ghana, the presidential election became “a competition of who was the most homophobic,” with the top contenders outdoing each other’s commitment to enacting a law that would criminalize simply being trans, queer, or an ally. In the U.S., the Republican Party spent over USD 215 million on anti-trans television ads, fabricating fear around trans people’s access to healthcare and public facilities, even when these issues were not voters’ priorities. In at least 25 countries in 2024, candidates used buzzwords like “gender ideology,” “indoctrination,” or “wokism” to demonize equal rights for sexual and gender minorities people, especially trans people. In North Macedonia, the far-right VMRO-DPMNE party won a majority in parliament after running a campaign falsely portraying comprehensive sexuality education as “gender ideology” and “indoctrination.” In 2026, around 55 countries are sending their citizens to the ballot box. While researching electoral developments for a follow-up report to “ Queering Democracy” (to be released in early 2027), we came across more examples of political transphobia and gender panic, demonstrating a recurrent pattern: For example, in Colombia, far-right president-elect Abelardo de la Espriella railed against “gender ideology” throughout the campaign.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 16, "end": 21, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Ghana"}, {"start": 248, "end": 252, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 258, "end": 274, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Republican Party"}, {"start": 290, "end": 301, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "215 million"}, {"start": 479, "end": 481, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "25"}, {"start": 495, "end": 499, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 675, "end": 690, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "North Macedonia"}, {"start": 876, "end": 880, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 889, "end": 891, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "55"}, {"start": 1017, "end": 1035, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Queering Democracy"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1066, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2027"}, {"start": 1192, "end": 1200, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 1212, "end": 1221, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}]}
{"unique_index": 21788, "source_text": "During the launch of his presidential bid, he declared that he does “not accept that our children be conditioned, contaminated with gender ideology to try to change their view of sexuality.” Ahead of the state election in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, in September, the far-right party AfD unveiled its most extremist platform yet , vowing to eradicate “gender ideology” and the “rainbow doctrine” by abolishing gender studies programs, gender quotas, gender-responsive budgeting, and comprehensive sexuality education, among others. AfD is currently leading the polls with a wide margin. Ahead of the U.S. midterm general election in November 2026, Republican Party members are putting anti-trans measures on the ballot in at least four states, targeting gender-affirming care and trans participation in sports. In Hungary, bigotry lost at the ballot box this year. Voters came out in record numbers to boot out Prime Minister Viktor Orbán ten months after the historic 2025 Budapest Pride march, the country’s largest demonstration to date. While the queerphobia of Orbán’s Fidesz party was relatively toned down compared to previous elections, it remained core to their values as the party that railroaded a law that effectively banned Pride in 2025 .", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 222, "end": 235, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Saxony-Anhalt"}, {"start": 237, "end": 244, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Germany"}, {"start": 280, "end": 283, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "AfD"}, {"start": 535, "end": 544, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "currently"}, {"start": 596, "end": 600, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 629, "end": 642, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "November 2026"}, {"start": 644, "end": 660, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Republican Party"}, {"start": 727, "end": 731, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "four"}, {"start": 810, "end": 817, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 850, "end": 859, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "this year"}, {"start": 907, "end": 921, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 922, "end": 934, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Viktor Orbán"}, {"start": 935, "end": 951, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "ten months after"}, {"start": 965, "end": 969, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1062, "end": 1067, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 1242, "end": 1246, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}]}
{"unique_index": 21789, "source_text": "Before the April 2026 election, U.S. Vice President JD Vance traveled to Hungary to rally support for Orbán, advancing the false claim that a loss for Orbàn would “condemn children to mutilization [ sic ] and sterilization in the name of gender care.” Attacks against trans candidates For the few trans people who have managed to break the proverbial glass ceiling and have made it to the ballot, elections can be a violent affair. While all candidates are vulnerable to attacks regardless of their gender, trans candidates confront extreme levels of hostility linked to their identities, striking them at the very core of who they are. They face heightened risks as opponents exploit social norms that police diverse gender identities and expressions: In Pakistan, an assailant affiliated with the Islamist political party Jamaat-e-Islami physically attacked a 2024 trans candidate and her team, while her campaign volunteers faced regular verbal harassment . In Colombia, all six openly trans and nonbinary candidates identified in 2026 reported “misgendering, mockery, and online discrimination,” according to a civil society monitoring report.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 21, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 32, "end": 36, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 37, "end": 51, "label": "JOB", "value": "Vice President"}, {"start": 52, "end": 60, "label": "PERSON", "value": "JD Vance"}, {"start": 73, "end": 80, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 102, "end": 107, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Orbán"}, {"start": 293, "end": 296, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "few"}, {"start": 756, "end": 764, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Pakistan"}, {"start": 824, "end": 839, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Jamaat-e-Islami"}, {"start": 862, "end": 866, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 964, "end": 972, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 978, "end": 981, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}, {"start": 1034, "end": 1038, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}]}
{"unique_index": 21790, "source_text": "In Brazil, hate became fatal: A 2024 local trans candidate was found decapitated a month after the election. In this election cycle, trans candidates were on the receiving end of intense online attacks, with queer group VoteLGBT identifying over 3,000 transphobic comments against one local trans candidate alone. Candidates can also suffer from transphobia even when they are not trans, with politicians using regressive ideas around gender to undermine opponents. For example, in the U.S., as part of a broader smear campaign, a White House advisor falsely claimed that the Democratic candidate in the Senate race in Texas is “clearly transitioning into a female” and is the party’s “first transgender Senate candidate.” Political opponents of French President Emmanuel Macron began propagating rumors that his wife, Brigitte Macron, was trans in the lead-up to the 2022 reelection campaign , building on a malicious rumor about the president’s sexuality that was first circulated during his 2016 presidential bid. In Canada, a few days after the 2025 elections, far-right media targeted Prime Minister Mark Carney’s adult nonbinary child and portrayed Carney as an irresponsible father for allowing his child to transition.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 3, "end": 9, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Brazil"}, {"start": 32, "end": 36, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 220, "end": 228, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "VoteLGBT"}, {"start": 246, "end": 251, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "3,000"}, {"start": 281, "end": 284, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 393, "end": 404, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 486, "end": 490, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "U.S."}, {"start": 531, "end": 542, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "White House"}, {"start": 543, "end": 550, "label": "JOB", "value": "advisor"}, {"start": 746, "end": 762, "label": "JOB", "value": "French President"}, {"start": 763, "end": 778, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Emmanuel Macron"}, {"start": 828, "end": 834, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Macron"}, {"start": 868, "end": 872, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 935, "end": 944, "label": "JOB", "value": "president"}, {"start": 994, "end": 998, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2016"}, {"start": 1020, "end": 1026, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Canada"}, {"start": 1030, "end": 1044, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "few days after"}, {"start": 1049, "end": 1053, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 1090, "end": 1104, "label": "JOB", "value": "Prime Minister"}, {"start": 1105, "end": 1116, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Mark Carney"}, {"start": 1155, "end": 1161, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Carney"}]}
{"unique_index": 21791, "source_text": "Disenfranchisement Only 18 countries allow trans people to update their gender marker on official documents on the basis of self-determination. About 42 others allow gender marker changes in some circumstances but impose obstacles such as medical restrictions and bureaucratic red tape. Most countries do not allow trans people to change their legal gender markers on identity documents at all. When appearance and legal documents mismatch, trans people can be exposed to discrimination in polling stations: In Bangladesh, a trans-led organization, Inclusive Bangladesh , told Outright that in 2026, poll workers turned away some trans people who had not changed their gender markers due to the mismatch between their appearance and their documents or informed them that their votes had already been cast. While Bangladesh recognizes a “third gender” category, known as hijra , implementation is uneven and restrictive. In Indonesia, queer people interviewed by Outright in 2024 said that polling staff initially refused to allow some trans people to vote due to the mismatch between their appearance and their legal name and gender marker.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 24, "end": 26, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 150, "end": 152, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "42"}, {"start": 511, "end": 521, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 549, "end": 569, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Inclusive Bangladesh"}, {"start": 594, "end": 598, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 812, "end": 822, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 923, "end": 932, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Indonesia"}, {"start": 974, "end": 978, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 21792, "source_text": "Even in countries with a robust nondiscrimination policy framework in place, full electoral rights are not guaranteed: In Colombia, while the National Electoral Council (CNE) has issued an official protocol explicitly stating that a mismatch between a person’s physical appearance and their ID cannot be used to deny them the right to vote, cases of discrimination persisted in the 2026 elections. Electoral observers documented cases of polling officials subjecting trans voters to misgendering, “disrespectful comments or treatment,” and illegal demands for “extra proof” to validate their identity. In Spain, one of the 18 countries that offer legal gender recognition based on self-determination, a trans man who attempted to vote in the 2024 European Parliament elections reported that he was accused of committing fraud and was denied the right to vote. Trans people also faced voter intimidation in Bangladesh in 2026. According to Inclusive Bangladesh, local politicians campaigning for candidates of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami told some trans people in at least six districts not to vote, saying that their votes were “not needed” or would be cast on their behalf.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 122, "end": 130, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Colombia"}, {"start": 142, "end": 168, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Electoral Council"}, {"start": 170, "end": 173, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "CNE"}, {"start": 382, "end": 386, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 605, "end": 610, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Spain"}, {"start": 623, "end": 625, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "18"}, {"start": 742, "end": 746, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 747, "end": 766, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "European Parliament"}, {"start": 906, "end": 916, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bangladesh"}, {"start": 920, "end": 924, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 939, "end": 959, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Inclusive Bangladesh"}, {"start": 967, "end": 978, "label": "JOB", "value": "politicians"}, {"start": 1013, "end": 1041, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party"}, {"start": 1043, "end": 1046, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "BNP"}, {"start": 1052, "end": 1078, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"}, {"start": 1114, "end": 1117, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}]}
{"unique_index": 21793, "source_text": "Gendered electoral practices that are not directly discriminatory may also have a negative impact on trans people’s ability to vote. In Bhutan, for example, polling queues and booths are segregated by sex, which could be problematic for trans and nonbinary individuals. A certification from a psychiatrist is required to change legal gender markers. During the 2023-2024 National Assembly elections, trans people who had not yet changed their gender marker had to join the queue based on their sex assigned at birth. This situation puts trans people in a bind: voting can expose them to harm, while abstention robs them of the opportunity to participate in a democratic exercise and fully contribute to the body politic. In countries where legal gender recognition is not possible, such as Botswana, Bulgaria, and Hungary, activists told Outright in 2024 that some trans people avoided voting in 2024 out of fear of discrimination or due to previous negative experiences around misgendering and harassment.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 136, "end": 142, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bhutan"}, {"start": 293, "end": 305, "label": "JOB", "value": "psychiatrist"}, {"start": 361, "end": 365, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2023"}, {"start": 366, "end": 370, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 371, "end": 388, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Assembly"}, {"start": 790, "end": 798, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Botswana"}, {"start": 800, "end": 808, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Bulgaria"}, {"start": 814, "end": 821, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Hungary"}, {"start": 823, "end": 832, "label": "JOB", "value": "activists"}, {"start": 850, "end": 854, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 896, "end": 900, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}]}
{"unique_index": 21794, "source_text": "Queering democracy Despite these barriers, many trans people continue to believe in the promise of democracy and are among the first to defend its value through and beyond the ballot box. This year, India and Nepal elected their first openly trans lawmakers, at a time when anti-trans actors are making progress toward reversing or undermining hard-won rights. In Uganda , where a draconian Anti-Homosexuality Act classified “aggravated homosexuality” as a capital crime in 2024, LGBTIQ+ advocates organized informal voter education, community discussions, and training for trans youth on electoral safety leading up to the 2026 general election. In Thailand, legal gender recognition made its way to the 2026 campaign platform of the People’s Party, the country’s largest opposition party, due to queer movements’ tireless advocacy, showing incremental progress a year after marriage equality became law in the country. Trans people are full and equal citizens, not fair game as targets to win votes. Our democracies are stronger when everyone, regardless of their gender, can fully participate and assert their place in the body politic.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 43, "end": 47, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 188, "end": 197, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "This year"}, {"start": 199, "end": 204, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "India"}, {"start": 209, "end": 214, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Nepal"}, {"start": 248, "end": 257, "label": "JOB", "value": "lawmakers"}, {"start": 364, "end": 370, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Uganda"}, {"start": 391, "end": 413, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "Anti-Homosexuality Act"}, {"start": 474, "end": 478, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2024"}, {"start": 624, "end": 628, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 650, "end": 658, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Thailand"}, {"start": 705, "end": 709, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2026"}, {"start": 735, "end": 749, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "People’s Party"}]}
{"unique_index": 21795, "source_text": "After repeal of anti-gay sex law, LGBTQ+ individuals continue to face discrimination in Singapore\n\nThe repeal of a law criminalizing gay sex in 2022 was a big victory for the LGBTQ+ community in Singapore, which has demanded it for years and pushed back against its strict enforcement. But its repeal did not lead to the eradication of bias and other unfair policies targeting LGBTQ+ individuals. For many years, the petition for the repeal of section 377a, a colonial-era provision of the law criminalizing gay sex, became the rallying call of the LGBTQ+ community in putting a spotlight on the discrimination they face and the reforms needed to promote gender equality. Its repeal in 2022 was celebrated as a step forward that can inspire bolder reforms in society. But the repeal was also accompanied by a parliamentary action that strengthened the constitutional provision on marriage by defining it as a union between two heterosexual individuals. This further restricted the rights and privileges that LGBTQ+ individuals can avail of, such as housing, loans, and some government services.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 0, "end": 97, "label": "WORKOFART", "value": "After repeal of anti-gay sex law, LGBTQ+ individuals continue to face discrimination in Singapore"}, {"start": 144, "end": 148, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 195, "end": 204, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 401, "end": 411, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "many years"}, {"start": 686, "end": 690, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2022"}, {"start": 923, "end": 926, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "two"}]}
{"unique_index": 21796, "source_text": "During the 2025 general election, Substack user Benjamin Xue expressed dismay at the dominant political parties’ failure to articulate a clear agenda for the LGBTQ+ constituency. No political party has included us in their manifestos for GE2025; no candidate has meaningfully named the LGBTQIA+ community as of concern in Singapore. The invisibility cuts even deeper when coded words like ‘agenda’ and ‘ideology are thrown around, framing us as ‘socially divisive’; something to be managed rather than human beings to be heard. Too often, we are met with hurtful refrains — that ‘family building comes first’ or that there will be ‘no changes under my watch.’ The community report of Transgender SG in April 2026 mentioned the workplace discrimination experienced by transgender individuals. A transgender person is six times as likely to be unemployed, indicating that transgender persons face unequal access to employment. Transgender applicants frequently encounter negative attitudes due to social stigma, or internalised transphobia, and face the burden of self-advocacy.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 11, "end": 15, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "2025"}, {"start": 322, "end": 331, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 702, "end": 712, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "April 2026"}, {"start": 816, "end": 819, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "six"}]}
{"unique_index": 21797, "source_text": "During the buildup for the Pink Dot, the annual community event celebrating LGBTQ+ rights, AWARE Singapore highlighted a government policy that gravely affected trans youth. MOH [Ministry of Health] recently banned access to HRT [Hormone Replacement Therapy] and puberty blockers for trans youth 21 and below. The consequences are devastating to dozens who were already in the process of transitioning. And it’s one more load added to the already unbearable weight of institutional discrimination toward trans youth — in school, in NS [National Service], at home, and eventually, the workplace. After attending the Pink Dot event, Jamus Lim, a Member of Parliament, acknowledged that more work is needed to ensure protection and equality for the LGBTQ+ community. Although the repeal of 377A was an important step in removing a source of state discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals, those within community still face issues of recognition and bias within various spaces, including many touched by public policy. So much work remains if we believe in striving for justice and equality for all Singaporeans.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 27, "end": 35, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pink Dot"}, {"start": 97, "end": 106, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 179, "end": 197, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Ministry of Health"}, {"start": 296, "end": 298, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "21"}, {"start": 346, "end": 352, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "dozens"}, {"start": 412, "end": 415, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "one"}, {"start": 536, "end": 552, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "National Service"}, {"start": 615, "end": 623, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pink Dot"}, {"start": 631, "end": 640, "label": "PERSON", "value": "Jamus Lim"}, {"start": 644, "end": 664, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Member of Parliament"}, {"start": 985, "end": 989, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}]}
{"unique_index": 21798, "source_text": "The organizers of the Pink Dot SG summed up the situation of LGBTQ+ individuals in Singapore today and underscored the role of solidarity in advancing gender equality. Though more LGBTQ+ individuals are slowly emerging into the mainstream, prejudice and bigotry in present societal attitudes keep many LGBTQ+ individuals from coming out of the closet. We believe that relationships should be built on love, not fear and secrecy. Unfortunately, most LGBTQ+ individuals in Singapore are denied this basic freedom to be who they are in front of their loved ones. The recent successful Pink Dot gathering once again displayed the love and community support for LGBTQ+ individuals and their families. At the same time, it also reminded many that there are bigger battles ahead in advancing the rights and welfare of the LGBTQ+ community.", "privacy_mask": [{"start": 4, "end": 14, "label": "JOB", "value": "organizers"}, {"start": 22, "end": 30, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pink Dot"}, {"start": 83, "end": 92, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 93, "end": 98, "label": "TIMEDATE", "value": "today"}, {"start": 297, "end": 301, "label": "AMOUNT", "value": "many"}, {"start": 471, "end": 480, "label": "LOCATION", "value": "Singapore"}, {"start": 582, "end": 590, "label": "ORGANIZATION", "value": "Pink Dot"}]}