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Information_extraction/task1_participant_extraction.json

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+{
+    "Contributors": [
+        "Pegah Alipoormolabashi"
+    ],
+    "Source": [
+        "pico"
+    ],
+    "URL": [
+        "https://github.com/Markus-Zlabinger/pico-annotation"
+    ],
+    "Categories": [
+        "Information Extraction"
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Definition": [
+        "In medical studies, treatments are tested within a group of study participants. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that give information about the participants of the study. You should list the phrases in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the participants is mentioned, just output \"not found\". Relevant information about participants include: gender, medical conditions, location, number of people participating. Do not contain participant mentions without relevant information."
+    ],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Academical Papers",
+        "Clinical Trials and Controlled Trials"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [
+        {
+            "input": "A PPARA Polymorphism Influences the Cardiovascular Benefit of Fenofibrate in Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From ACCORD Lipid. ",
+            "output": "Type 2 Diabetes",
+            "explanation": "The only piece of text relevant to participants is \"Type 2 Diabetes\" which is a medical condition."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "A total of 270 patients with MCI were enrolled in a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.",
+            "output": "270 patients with MCI",
+            "explanation": "In this example, both the number of participants and their medical condition is mentioned."
+        }
+    ],
+    "Negative Examples": [
+        {
+            "input": "A total of 270 patients with MCI were enrolled in a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.",
+            "output": "270 patients with MCI, 24-week",
+            "explanation": "The duration of the study is not relevant to the participants and shouldn't be included."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": " To investigate the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 4 (NADPH4,NOX4) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-\u03b2) involve in pathogenesis of airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).",
+            "output": "COPD",
+            "explanation": "The complete name of the disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) should be included."
+        }
+    ],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "id": "task179-bf49dbf887b640009915afb129c0f695",
+            "input": "Under Fluoxetine , mPFC activation was up-regulated and normalized in ASD boys relative to controls , but down-regulated in ADHD boys relative to placebo , which was concomitant with worse task performance in ADHD .",
+            "output": [
+                "ASD boys, ADHD boys"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-35a05d694d9946faa08e9c5b191e2f94",
+            "input": "We conclude that granisetron is a better anti-emetic than perphenazine for the long-term prevention of post-operative vomiting in children undergoing general anaesthesia for tonsillectomy .",
+            "output": [
+                "children undergoing general anaesthesia for tonsillectomy"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-3718eea27d6741cd8f6a3bb94d83fb04",
+            "input": "One case of unsubstantiated acute rheumatic fever occurred after 7 days of amoxicillin .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-fcf448b8dbba44f8aad1d13e6386b29b",
+            "input": "Costs/QALY gained discounted at 3 % were $ 205,186 using the QWB and $ 32,643 using the CHRD .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-696254fa5c074cd584e90ae9ff75cdfd",
+            "input": "Calcium solubility and absorption across Caco-2 cells were studied after the in vitro digestion of the diets .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-9baddb311e6b4a02a72715fa025ec144",
+            "input": "Influence of diets rich in Maillard reaction products on calcium bioavailability .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-0d40536a321943789c31e41985c3e9bf",
+            "input": "Prior adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-d064ad23500949eda605b7754c44b2e6",
+            "input": "Depressive patients are able to follow prescribed lifestyle recommendations in the short-term .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-6834f4e07f0d4af294ca29f9c12b1f44",
+            "input": "The influence of injections of Amidotrizoate and Iopromide into the left coronary artery on global myocardial perfusion and function ( pressures in the left ventricle , heart rate ) as well as excitation formation and transmission was studied in 16 patients with ischaemic heart disease .",
+            "output": [
+                "16 patients with ischaemic heart disease"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-7eb920c6b3864eb88ef8b9e74696ab46",
+            "input": "These 22 patients constituted the control group of a controlled trial and received standard outpatient clinic treatment during follow-up .",
+            "output": [
+                "22 patients"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-48f17a1f7a204cb09f35692e2a29a7fd",
+            "input": "Patients could not have had prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-589d31b21098423ab45ba7cf0c87773a",
+            "input": "Comparisons with the cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5-fluorouracil arm will not be addressed .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-25e87d16f93b4d3b85e6f89f82b3df53",
+            "input": "Children with parent-reported ASD had higher levels of health care office visits and prescription drug use compared with children without ASD ( P < .05 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "children without ASD"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-939c393e042a4a3f8e01f73970c8a3a6",
+            "input": "Short-term phasic activity was only found in 13 out of 40 of the normal infants ( 32.5 % ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "40 of the normal infants"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-52213a2b2e034ab4ab901f6a046c9da7",
+            "input": "Group 1 received a weekly session of posterior tibial nerve stimulation for 12 weeks and group 2 was the placebo group .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-48aced4b625940978be2b146c53acecf",
+            "input": "Only deoxypyridinoline values were significantly lower after consumption of the BD ( 13.0 +/- 1.1 compared to 18.3 +/- 2.1 nM/Mm Cr in the WD ) , possibly indicative of less efficient bone turnover during this period .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-f6baa8c89ec948209789c4d1586f42d0",
+            "input": "The results suggest that the use of PMRT could enhance quality of life and decrease state anxiety in patients after stoma surgery .",
+            "output": [
+                "patients after stoma surgery"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-883e978e6b7145118dcbe55c95721b0b",
+            "input": "Interventions were conducted 30 min daily for 5-6 weeks .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-0f94638fd62441a489349ba3fca4204f",
+            "input": "There were also no differences in manual muscle testing sum scores , activity scale scores and patients ' own assessments after 48 weeks of treatment .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-37556951072c41b6b6c456cc03118985",
+            "input": "However , transfusion rate , presence of hepatomegaly , splenomegaly , and jaundice was similar .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-cd1e891d328b4375bc30df492cbe1206",
+            "input": "Three hundred sixty-five patients were enrolled .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-44ec843ccf9e40d19fe82b4e161c5e3a",
+            "input": "If so , this would be a great support for doctors who might systematically recommend these simple and costless measures , especially in primary care .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-9c1461f976dd4a4a9a8e781463537c9b",
+            "input": "Relative to children in the wait-list group , program participants showed greater improvements in social skills over the course of the intervention , as indicated by parent-report measures .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-9a3ff97c4c484c5f9386e98f6bbbe48b",
+            "input": "Hence , we hypothesize that specific airway resistance changes ( \u0394sRAW ) should better characterize the acute response to bronchodilators .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-c6951bf1a5a24b9eb074b1f2fa78c0bf",
+            "input": "We investigated whether 13 participants with ASD ( age 7 ; 03-22 ; 03 ) and 13 age-matched typically developing ( TD ) controls could comprehend lexicalized conceptual metaphors ( e.g. , Susan is a warm person ) and novel ones ( e.g. , Susan is a toasty person ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "13 participants with ASD, 13 age-matched typically developing ( TD"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-b089accc025245bd83159f07931df61d",
+            "input": "Randomized controlled study of chemoimmunotherapy with bestatin of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults .",
+            "output": [
+                "acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-8d4b758964634113b4936f00bb66711e",
+            "input": "Forty-nine children with AS were recruited to participate and randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 26 ) or wait-list control ( n = 23 ) conditions .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-6ab5c6f01bcc44169deb95557df33d33",
+            "input": "Observed medication and weekend diary cards were used to monitor adherence .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-83b138183afb411da40a9ff452ad56a9",
+            "input": "Use of health care facilities was assessed from diaries/questionnaires and Medicare reimbursement rates used to estimate costs .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-b29361fada3843eeaff238b640582ddb",
+            "input": "In 78 children known to be infected with Ascaris at baseline , the rate of weight gain was 21 per cent greater in children treated with levamisole than in those receiving placebo ( p = .03 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "78 children known to be infected with Ascaris"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-df2105dc2ea34d5781f8a90746052ae6",
+            "input": "Overall , 13 patients ( 46.4 % ) had detrusor overactivity and 14 ( 50 % ) had decreased bladder capacity .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-a1a624c2133249fa8aedfc9741283a67",
+            "input": "In patients with neutrophil counts of > 0.1 x 10 ( 9 ) /L lasting for more than 4 weeks , the frequency of infection in the fluconazole group ( 5 of 9 patients ) was significantly higher than in the itraconazole group ( 0 of 7 patients ; P = .03 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-47c995de3c8a457e84fc6e8f6ce10f91",
+            "input": "No significant differences , within and between groups , were observed in the exercise-induced increase in the ratios para- and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine to antipyrine .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-3e0154d08378446cbd15f25bd49607fa",
+            "input": "Age-matched boys with ADHD ( 15 ) , ASD ( 18 ) , and controls ( 21 ) were compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) during a reversal task .",
+            "output": [
+                "15 ) , ASD, 18 ) , and controls, 21"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-c206f3baf1c44b43a2201617b0b1bb0b",
+            "input": "This 7-week program included a computer game , small group sessions , parent training sessions and teacher handouts .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-08d53ca8191c43b2b17fe6ca04cd8349",
+            "input": "The patients were randomised into a control group ( n = 10 ) and an experimental group ( n = 8 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-ba6209c1215d44dab55a184296623542",
+            "input": "To consider the impact on primary care patient outcomes of using both a screener to determine elevated anxiety levels among patients with previously undetected anxiety and a physician intervention to inform physicians of their patients ' conditions .",
+            "output": [
+                "patients with previously undetected anxiety"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-fd09cf9efe3e4a0d8697a181d09e5a1a",
+            "input": "A persistent phasic activity pattern was found in 19 of the 21 patients , high frequency phasic activity in 11 of the 21 patients .",
+            "output": [
+                "21 patients"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-895cc0bdc24640f38dfd1893b1f21fab",
+            "input": "In a prospective , randomized , double-blind study , 90 paediatric patients , ASA I , aged 4-10 years , received granisetron 40 mg kg-1 or perphenazine 70 mg kg-1 ( n = 45 each ) intravenously immediately after an inhalation induction of anaesthesia .",
+            "output": [
+                "90 paediatric patients, ASA I , aged 4-10 years"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-dbb5eaf8c6344a96993cc7cd7af33ef8",
+            "input": "After three weekly doses of epoetin alfa 40,000 U , a dose of 120,000 U can be administered safely once every 3 weeks without increasing transfusion needs or sacrificing QOL .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-788778a502214fa08a4c6c7b50f0b220",
+            "input": "However , to our knowledge , there have been no studies using all these measures together as an adjuvant antidepressant strategy .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-3e5d819e6c274c539bb503af68283933",
+            "input": "Accordingly , the current study examined within-person covariation between time-varying abstinence and depressive symptom in a multilevel model ( MLM ) , which allowed for transitions between smoking statuses within a participant .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task179-7715c218357044049a1d3b38cedb5566",
+            "input": "Internal stenting is an integral part of endopyelotomy .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "Instance License": [
+        "Unknown"
+    ]
+}

Information_extraction/task29_drug_dose_extraction.json

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+{
+    "Contributors": [
+        "Ishani Mondal"
+    ],
+    "Source": [
+        "ade_corpus_v2"
+    ],
+    "URL": [
+        "https://github.com/trunghlt/AdverseDrugReaction/tree/master/ADE-Corpus-V2"
+    ],
+    "Categories": [
+        "Information Extraction"
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Definition": [
+        "In this task, you will be given sentences and a drug name in which your task is to indicate the doses of intake of that particular drug. A dose refers to a specified amount of medication taken at one time. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them."
+    ],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Clinical Knowledge",
+        "Drug",
+        "Academical Papers",
+        "Healthcare"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [
+        {
+            "input": "An episode of subacute encephalopathy after the infusion of methotrexate (1500 mg/m2) (MTX) is reported in a young adult with metastastic gastric cancer.\t methotrexate",
+            "output": "1500 mg/m2",
+            "explanation": "Here, the drug methotrexate mentioned after '\t ' has been mentioned to be taken as 1500 mg/m2 within brackets and hence should be tagged as dosage."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "A case of normotensive scleroderma renal crisis after high-dose methylprednisolone treatment.\t methylprednisolone",
+            "output": "high",
+            "explanation": "Amount of methylprednisolone is taken in high amount and hence should be tagged with that."
+        }
+    ],
+    "Negative Examples": [
+        {
+            "input": "Ibuprofen overdose is usually characterized by GI upset, dizziness, and mild sedation\t ibuprofen",
+            "output": "mild",
+            "explanation": "Here the drug ibuprofen has been mentioned to be taken in excess but mild is the qualifier of the sedation caused by overdose of the drug, hence mild should not be tagged as drug dosage."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "She took three doses of methotrexate and two doses of ibuprofen.\t methotrexate",
+            "output": "two",
+            "explanation": "Amount of methotrexate is taken in three doses and hence should be tagged with that, instead of the the dosage mentioned for ibuprofen."
+        }
+    ],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-4a32996c896e4ba4af9bb6cfb4628ce7",
+            "input": "METHODS: Growth retardation was observed in six severely asthmatic children after introduction of high-dose fluticasone propionate treatment (dry powder).\t fluticasone propionate",
+            "output": [
+                "high"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-379dc9b35d49462c9722445d9c2f2649",
+            "input": "Two case reports of bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis are described in patients with open angle glaucoma treated with metripranolol 0.6% eye drops.\t metripranolol",
+            "output": [
+                "0.6"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-8264c178667641dbac8a59d7d5cf3af4",
+            "input": "This case suggests that acyclovir when given intravenously in doses of 10 mg/kg may result in increased serum lithium concentrations.\t acyclovir",
+            "output": [
+                "10 mg/kg"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-3fe69c5ac6974445821bc19e3d99b957",
+            "input": "This case suggests that acyclovir when given intravenously in doses of 10 mg/kg may result in increased serum lithium concentrations.\t lithium",
+            "output": [
+                "10 mg/kg"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-58de8f0c9a7c41a98d914e73b65a7092",
+            "input": "We describe 2 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus who developed severe dapsone reaction after low dose therapy, with a fatal outcome in one.\t dapsone",
+            "output": [
+                "low"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-d84ef3cd7442478f9fb4bd123f83fc0e",
+            "input": "A 17-year-old female patient who had been taking oral minocycline (50 mg twice daily) for 3 weeks for acne developed an eruption that progressed to an exfoliative dermatitis.\t minocycline",
+            "output": [
+                "50 mg twice daily"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-91e06a4b953148f1927f6aab52b281f1",
+            "input": "Overdose of magnesium sulfate in combination with renal insufficiency, hypocalcemia, or compromise of intestinal integrity may predispose horses to magnesium toxicosis.\t magnesium",
+            "output": [
+                "Overdose"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-4452acb10e8f45d599299bcbe9fb52f9",
+            "input": "Overdose of magnesium sulfate in combination with renal insufficiency, hypocalcemia, or compromise of intestinal integrity may predispose horses to magnesium toxicosis.\t magnesium sulfate",
+            "output": [
+                "Overdose"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-24ddea23892a4383825f3a0de39379e8",
+            "input": "We thus concluded that an excessive dose of AZ had probably destroyed the gastric mucosal barrier or thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow disorder and thus eventually led to the development of hemorrhagic gastritis.\t AZ",
+            "output": [
+                "excessive"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-dbc58ce2ac684f3988b14a8ca41ecd2b",
+            "input": "On the next day, after a total dose of only 600 mg of danazol, gingival bleeding and purpura occurred.\t danazol",
+            "output": [
+                "600 mg"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-264c8c79515645daa399c5fbe6116ec9",
+            "input": "We reported 3 patients who developed acute generalized dystonia and akinetic rigid syndrome following an initial therapy with d-penicillamine 125-500 mg daily.\t d-penicillamine",
+            "output": [
+                "125-500 mg daily"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-6bac619b162247e88129e1ae1a6b663d",
+            "input": "Ballistic movements due to ischemic infarcts after intravenous heroin overdose: report of two cases.\t heroin",
+            "output": [
+                "overdose"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-4129f9617c6141f2b4d32e63dc3bccec",
+            "input": "Two heroin addicts, aged 34 and 19 years, developed ballistic movements after intravenous heroin overdose.\t heroin",
+            "output": [
+                "overdose"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-7d660f0a50b7419391d8fb207e5277bc",
+            "input": "We report a 76-year-old man who developed an acute blistering eruption following high-dose penicillin treatment for pneumococcal septicaemia.\t penicillin",
+            "output": [
+                "high"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-d6c36849063c4dc8904a5bfb5f1882dd",
+            "input": "In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.\t desmethylsertraline",
+            "output": [
+                "25 mg"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-07560d07eae343728fa11a31574137b2",
+            "input": "In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.\t lamotrigine",
+            "output": [
+                "25 mg"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-016380dbada7461193068a44a8786e8e",
+            "input": "We report a case of pancytopenia in a 23-year-old man with Crohn's disease who was treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (Pentasa; Nisshin, Tokyo, Japan) 3.0 g/day.\t 5-aminosalicylic acid",
+            "output": [
+                "3.0 g/day"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-c4b2a8dc1f29437291ab2a1c13fd7826",
+            "input": "We report a case of pancytopenia in a 23-year-old man with Crohn's disease who was treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (Pentasa; Nisshin, Tokyo, Japan) 3.0 g/day.\t Pentasa",
+            "output": [
+                "3.0 g/day"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-ffc8a60083354d3b8dc3488744ded11c",
+            "input": "1. Changes in the plasma cortisol level were reported in a male patient with panic disorder during the period of low-dose alprazolam treatment (mean 0.62 +/- 0.15 mg/day) compared with during the period of high-dose period (mean 1.08 +/- 0.28 mg/day).\t alprazolam",
+            "output": [
+                "low"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-e61b0a4e61c44deda1a3cbcbf0eaa8bd",
+            "input": "We report on three patients with acute schizophrenia, who developed severe akathisia during treatment with olanzapine (20-25 mg/d).\t olanzapine",
+            "output": [
+                "20-25 mg/d"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-5c9e9c67600f4dbe8df63b116cb32d1f",
+            "input": "A 65-year-old woman with angina pectoris presented with syncope after sublingual ingestion of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg).\t isosorbide dinitrate",
+            "output": [
+                "5 mg"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-aec3411cd2c048e5a09d907bf90635e5",
+            "input": "In a postural challenge test after administration of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg), blood pressure decreased from 120/67 to 65/35 mmHg, followed by syncope with a sudden decrease in pulse rate from 85 to 60 beats/min.\t isosorbide dinitrate",
+            "output": [
+                "5 mg"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task1451-92a7576e81a14e4e9f3bfd78ae7bb175",
+            "input": "High-dose phosphate treatment leads to hypokalemia in hypophosphatemic osteomalacia.\t phosphate",
+            "output": [
+                "High"
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "Instance License": [
+        "Unknown"
+    ]
+}

Information_extraction/task2_intervention_extraction.json

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+{
+    "Contributors": [
+        "Pegah Alipoormolabashi"
+    ],
+    "Source": [
+        "pico"
+    ],
+    "URL": [
+        "https://github.com/Markus-Zlabinger/pico-annotation"
+    ],
+    "Categories": [
+        "Information Extraction"
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Definition": [
+        "In medical studies, the efficacy of medical treatments (called interventions) is evaluated within a group of study participants. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that describe the intervention(s) of the study. You should list the phrase in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the interventions is mentioned, just answer with \"not found\". Interventions are: a specific drug, surgery, talking therapy, a lifestyle modification, control or placebo treatment. Do not include details, dosages, frequency and duration, intervention mentions that are not in an informative span of text."
+    ],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Academical Papers",
+        "Clinical Trials and Controlled Trials"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [
+        {
+            "input": "The patients received either azithromycin (600 mg/d for 3 days during week 1, then 600 mg/wk during weeks 2-12; n = 3879) or placebo (n = 3868)",
+            "output": "azithromycin, placebo",
+            "explanation": "The word azithromycin refers to a drug, and placebo refers to a control test. Note that no extra information is given in the output."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "We report findings of a pilot RCT for a parent training intervention with a focus on the development of joint attention skills and joint action routines. ",
+            "output": "parent training intervention",
+            "explanation": "The words parent, training, and intervention refer to some kind of talking therapy."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Seventy-two people residing in National Health Service (U.K.) care facilities who had clinically significant agitation in the context of severe dementia were randomly assigned to aromatherapy with Melissa essential oil (N = 36) or placebo (sunflower oil) (N = 36). ",
+            "output": "aromatherapy with melissa essential oil, placebo, sunflower oil",
+            "explanation": "Both the therapy and the control treatment are mentioned as spans of text here."
+        }
+    ],
+    "Negative Examples": [
+        {
+            "input": "Treatment consisted of nitrendipine (10-40 mg/d), with the possible addition of enalapril maleate (5-20 mg/d), hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg/d), or both add-on drugs.",
+            "output": "nitrendipine (10-40 mg/d, ), enalapril, maleate (5-20, mg/d), hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25, mg/d), both add-on drugs",
+            "explanation": "The drugs are correctly mentioned as intervention, but their dosage shouldn't be given as answer."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Zinc lozenges, 10 mg, orally dissolved, 5 times a day (in grades 1-6) or 6 times a day (in grades 7-12). ",
+            "output": "Zinc lozenges, orally dissolved",
+            "explanation": "Information about the method the intervention is given to patients, in this case \"orally dissolved\" should not be given as answer."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Antihypertensive therapy was started immediately after randomization in the active treatment group, but only after termination of the double-blind trial in the control patients.",
+            "output": "Antihypertensive therapy, double-blind trial",
+            "explanation": "The words double-blind and trial are not related to intervention."
+        }
+    ],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "id": "task180-d05f132280184d30b2a7c66a12955f4f",
+            "input": "Under Fluoxetine , mPFC activation was up-regulated and normalized in ASD boys relative to controls , but down-regulated in ADHD boys relative to placebo , which was concomitant with worse task performance in ADHD .",
+            "output": [
+                "Fluoxetine, placebo"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-705583d0b7574261a1d0eb3b9ea21f25",
+            "input": "We conclude that granisetron is a better anti-emetic than perphenazine for the long-term prevention of post-operative vomiting in children undergoing general anaesthesia for tonsillectomy .",
+            "output": [
+                "granisetron, perphenazine"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-e05d4b47a48c455fa73c230a1dc61ede",
+            "input": "One case of unsubstantiated acute rheumatic fever occurred after 7 days of amoxicillin .",
+            "output": [
+                "amoxicillin"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-4b5d472d7ad84ff5bc8c9336e2906d63",
+            "input": "Costs/QALY gained discounted at 3 % were $ 205,186 using the QWB and $ 32,643 using the CHRD .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-1e26affc2bf84ba28b3e04ca11d21c4d",
+            "input": "Calcium solubility and absorption across Caco-2 cells were studied after the in vitro digestion of the diets .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-2bf7946e98cd4de38087368b5b359e79",
+            "input": "Influence of diets rich in Maillard reaction products on calcium bioavailability .",
+            "output": [
+                "Maillard reaction"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-ed2cbf7a61b9470b9ca0ba3cb93c9bfe",
+            "input": "Prior adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-5e208cd3d15d4e74bc2f6a1a15d4e74c",
+            "input": "Depressive patients are able to follow prescribed lifestyle recommendations in the short-term .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-b095127d871449a488f0097adab5cb81",
+            "input": "The influence of injections of Amidotrizoate and Iopromide into the left coronary artery on global myocardial perfusion and function ( pressures in the left ventricle , heart rate ) as well as excitation formation and transmission was studied in 16 patients with ischaemic heart disease .",
+            "output": [
+                "Amidotrizoate, Iopromide"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-6a8c5ed874fb4012af3091a5c3d3e043",
+            "input": "These 22 patients constituted the control group of a controlled trial and received standard outpatient clinic treatment during follow-up .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-9e5b32d1dd48404496afa9349b44db5c",
+            "input": "Patients could not have had prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-6a3f1f6bded24064806c331e1da2dc6f",
+            "input": "Comparisons with the cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5-fluorouracil arm will not be addressed .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-93498bba94674cbfa26fd8c2fb59fa8b",
+            "input": "Children with parent-reported ASD had higher levels of health care office visits and prescription drug use compared with children without ASD ( P < .05 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-fcc6bb6f4136434b96c9162a22134038",
+            "input": "Short-term phasic activity was only found in 13 out of 40 of the normal infants ( 32.5 % ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-5889efe2ac4f41e488bd6f90202b8ed7",
+            "input": "Group 1 received a weekly session of posterior tibial nerve stimulation for 12 weeks and group 2 was the placebo group .",
+            "output": [
+                "posterior tibial nerve stimulation, placebo"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-dc4ee1c5234f443a9d0a8e698b1c9c52",
+            "input": "Only deoxypyridinoline values were significantly lower after consumption of the BD ( 13.0 +/- 1.1 compared to 18.3 +/- 2.1 nM/Mm Cr in the WD ) , possibly indicative of less efficient bone turnover during this period .",
+            "output": [
+                "BD"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-add4b106e93746b68f4e1f1e8d39e293",
+            "input": "The results suggest that the use of PMRT could enhance quality of life and decrease state anxiety in patients after stoma surgery .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-51c88bc4a6f645b9a7070e2ff507bf44",
+            "input": "Interventions were conducted 30 min daily for 5-6 weeks .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-734141f8c527467cbaa543c60cf7632d",
+            "input": "There were also no differences in manual muscle testing sum scores , activity scale scores and patients ' own assessments after 48 weeks of treatment .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-e61f739b28d04c8fa6d3eff3a350af3a",
+            "input": "However , transfusion rate , presence of hepatomegaly , splenomegaly , and jaundice was similar .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-f8139b79b39d48afb5790bf20cfc0eca",
+            "input": "Three hundred sixty-five patients were enrolled .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-064aac9cb0b24fa2aae6a0b57b428348",
+            "input": "If so , this would be a great support for doctors who might systematically recommend these simple and costless measures , especially in primary care .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-a2a322cc0dbf4e7886a234514fe49b5c",
+            "input": "Relative to children in the wait-list group , program participants showed greater improvements in social skills over the course of the intervention , as indicated by parent-report measures .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-5c7e821690ca43798ada163a1c435260",
+            "input": "Hence , we hypothesize that specific airway resistance changes ( \u0394sRAW ) should better characterize the acute response to bronchodilators .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-4f9a49878df14dccaace0ce051371d4e",
+            "input": "We investigated whether 13 participants with ASD ( age 7 ; 03-22 ; 03 ) and 13 age-matched typically developing ( TD ) controls could comprehend lexicalized conceptual metaphors ( e.g. , Susan is a warm person ) and novel ones ( e.g. , Susan is a toasty person ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-bbfca44a968647df974d397c09064de9",
+            "input": "Randomized controlled study of chemoimmunotherapy with bestatin of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults .",
+            "output": [
+                "chemoimmunotherapy, bestatin"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-4307ceaeaffc44dd98a1b1dde9b55c64",
+            "input": "Forty-nine children with AS were recruited to participate and randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 26 ) or wait-list control ( n = 23 ) conditions .",
+            "output": [
+                "wait-list control"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-9adf342a2f844b1794587e21459bf3c2",
+            "input": "Observed medication and weekend diary cards were used to monitor adherence .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-df2cc246edd74f9d96d0da5eafcde9a9",
+            "input": "Use of health care facilities was assessed from diaries/questionnaires and Medicare reimbursement rates used to estimate costs .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-639b1456c54a41efbe7f35ae81615ee3",
+            "input": "In 78 children known to be infected with Ascaris at baseline , the rate of weight gain was 21 per cent greater in children treated with levamisole than in those receiving placebo ( p = .03 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "levamisole, placebo"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-4062f1dc9324413e80924a911200b818",
+            "input": "Overall , 13 patients ( 46.4 % ) had detrusor overactivity and 14 ( 50 % ) had decreased bladder capacity .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-b287b8fac5a845f882cede4db5e321b1",
+            "input": "In patients with neutrophil counts of > 0.1 x 10 ( 9 ) /L lasting for more than 4 weeks , the frequency of infection in the fluconazole group ( 5 of 9 patients ) was significantly higher than in the itraconazole group ( 0 of 7 patients ; P = .03 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "fluconazole, itraconazole"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-679cf1cc391f4271be693b9bceb5dc45",
+            "input": "No significant differences , within and between groups , were observed in the exercise-induced increase in the ratios para- and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine to antipyrine .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-516f779dd64c4044879904eee1d241bc",
+            "input": "Age-matched boys with ADHD ( 15 ) , ASD ( 18 ) , and controls ( 21 ) were compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) during a reversal task .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-aa9bc54083594cdb9740e335fa5a48cb",
+            "input": "This 7-week program included a computer game , small group sessions , parent training sessions and teacher handouts .",
+            "output": [
+                "computer game, small group sessions, parent training, teacher handouts"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-e99ffd4d7c9e416a872445b27329251c",
+            "input": "The patients were randomised into a control group ( n = 10 ) and an experimental group ( n = 8 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-a841268b7d464f03a461a609cb1a9033",
+            "input": "To consider the impact on primary care patient outcomes of using both a screener to determine elevated anxiety levels among patients with previously undetected anxiety and a physician intervention to inform physicians of their patients ' conditions .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-3fcdfafaddbe4eba9de0668b526ac345",
+            "input": "A persistent phasic activity pattern was found in 19 of the 21 patients , high frequency phasic activity in 11 of the 21 patients .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-e0f406fe59c04444b11699f4fdc2a11c",
+            "input": "In a prospective , randomized , double-blind study , 90 paediatric patients , ASA I , aged 4-10 years , received granisetron 40 mg kg-1 or perphenazine 70 mg kg-1 ( n = 45 each ) intravenously immediately after an inhalation induction of anaesthesia .",
+            "output": [
+                "granisetron, perphenazine"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-bcdde9881426455eb1bb9a348a2346e5",
+            "input": "After three weekly doses of epoetin alfa 40,000 U , a dose of 120,000 U can be administered safely once every 3 weeks without increasing transfusion needs or sacrificing QOL .",
+            "output": [
+                "epoetin alfa"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-22807ace4fea4089b0058f968864e5c3",
+            "input": "However , to our knowledge , there have been no studies using all these measures together as an adjuvant antidepressant strategy .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-fb13ed9c71524d16bfbeef2ccf799542",
+            "input": "Accordingly , the current study examined within-person covariation between time-varying abstinence and depressive symptom in a multilevel model ( MLM ) , which allowed for transitions between smoking statuses within a participant .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task180-11545541370e486d90e11ee7ba8774eb",
+            "input": "Internal stenting is an integral part of endopyelotomy .",
+            "output": [
+                "stenting"
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "Instance License": [
+        "Unknown"
+    ]
+}

Information_extraction/task3_outcome_extraction.json

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+{
+    "Contributors": [
+        "Pegah Alipoormolabashi"
+    ],
+    "Source": [
+        "pico"
+    ],
+    "URL": [
+        "https://github.com/Markus-Zlabinger/pico-annotation"
+    ],
+    "Categories": [
+        "Information Extraction"
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Definition": [
+        "In medical studies, treatments are tested within a group of study participants. To determine if a new treatment works, various outcomes are measured in the people who take part in the study. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that give information about the outcomes of the study. You should list the phrases in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the outcome is mentioned, just answer with: \"not found\".\n Outcomes contain: outcomes measured in patients: like blood sugar,\n outcomes regarding the intervention: like effectiveness, costs\n the score on a medical test or questionnaire,\n positive or negative events in the patient groups: like quitting smoking, or adverse reactions.\n Do not mention numbers or results, interpretations of outcomes, outcome mentions without relevant information."
+    ],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Academical Papers",
+        "Clinical Trials and Controlled Trials"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [
+        {
+            "input": " Effects of 12 weeks' treatment with a proton pump inhibitor on insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes ",
+            "output": "insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk",
+            "explanation": "The study is measuring effects of a treatment on several outcomes, which are: insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There were no serious adverse device effects.",
+            "output": "no serious adverse device effects",
+            "explanation": "Any mention of not-seen effects counts as an outcome."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": " The primary outcome measures were the score on the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the rating on the Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement (CGI-I) scale at eight weeks. ",
+            "output": "score on the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the rating on the Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement (CGI-I) scale",
+            "explanation": "All the measured scores are correctly listed in this answer."
+        }
+    ],
+    "Negative Examples": [
+        {
+            "input": "Secondary end points included change in upper-limb measures (including the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity).",
+            "output": "change in upper-limb measures, Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity",
+            "explanation": "The upper-limb measures are correctly mentioned, but the words \"change in\" should not be included, as they're measured results."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "More early-stage cancer (stages I and II, 54 vs. 10) were found in the screening group than in the control group.",
+            "output": "early-stage cancer, stages I and II, 54 vs. 10",
+            "explanation": "The information about number of cases in each stage is an example of numbers and measurements that shouldn't be included in the output."
+        }
+    ],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "id": "task181-b6b9cc59fa1144a2ae4adfaf05be19b7",
+            "input": "Under Fluoxetine , mPFC activation was up-regulated and normalized in ASD boys relative to controls , but down-regulated in ADHD boys relative to placebo , which was concomitant with worse task performance in ADHD .",
+            "output": [
+                "mPFC activation, task performance"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-660afac74e1a4144aefc361cacfe5dad",
+            "input": "We conclude that granisetron is a better anti-emetic than perphenazine for the long-term prevention of post-operative vomiting in children undergoing general anaesthesia for tonsillectomy .",
+            "output": [
+                "prevention of post-operative vomiting"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-b92bd0e8930a479092c5f3675e8f1dfb",
+            "input": "One case of unsubstantiated acute rheumatic fever occurred after 7 days of amoxicillin .",
+            "output": [
+                "acute rheumatic"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-f2e2fdd2d65e4eedaf5689d406671512",
+            "input": "Costs/QALY gained discounted at 3 % were $ 205,186 using the QWB and $ 32,643 using the CHRD .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-d6d84adef4d748a2a45078bf92625fef",
+            "input": "Calcium solubility and absorption across Caco-2 cells were studied after the in vitro digestion of the diets .",
+            "output": [
+                "absorption"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-c52df3ee2be54a398d7c4bd65b599615",
+            "input": "Influence of diets rich in Maillard reaction products on calcium bioavailability .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-f9b50d8667b845a6a1c50339745573fa",
+            "input": "Prior adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-ad0425160e8b401eab48421f77e4ad45",
+            "input": "Depressive patients are able to follow prescribed lifestyle recommendations in the short-term .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-a1b4e2b22e77474e89085a58da314dd2",
+            "input": "The influence of injections of Amidotrizoate and Iopromide into the left coronary artery on global myocardial perfusion and function ( pressures in the left ventricle , heart rate ) as well as excitation formation and transmission was studied in 16 patients with ischaemic heart disease .",
+            "output": [
+                "global myocardial perfusion and function ( pressures in the left ventricle , heart rate, excitation formation, transmission"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-be54c87829a840cbbd6a3d4ddeaacb6f",
+            "input": "These 22 patients constituted the control group of a controlled trial and received standard outpatient clinic treatment during follow-up .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-99ca02a337044cbd88bda6dc0c590196",
+            "input": "Patients could not have had prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-5827a79a4ea24d2f8204521bce20799c",
+            "input": "Comparisons with the cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5-fluorouracil arm will not be addressed .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-fcfedc8932dc4df9abf5e65904fdd5ae",
+            "input": "Children with parent-reported ASD had higher levels of health care office visits and prescription drug use compared with children without ASD ( P < .05 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "levels of health care office visits, prescription drug use"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-7b1a9e5c12e844b4a55e63ca32eeb7c7",
+            "input": "Short-term phasic activity was only found in 13 out of 40 of the normal infants ( 32.5 % ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "phasic activity"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-7c675b2ed3c449769cf8ab917b2ccf60",
+            "input": "Group 1 received a weekly session of posterior tibial nerve stimulation for 12 weeks and group 2 was the placebo group .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-774950e6c3fd439588a89a655407d28b",
+            "input": "Only deoxypyridinoline values were significantly lower after consumption of the BD ( 13.0 +/- 1.1 compared to 18.3 +/- 2.1 nM/Mm Cr in the WD ) , possibly indicative of less efficient bone turnover during this period .",
+            "output": [
+                "deoxypyridinoline, bone turnover"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-68a7c59ab2e04e318983f4184d60e391",
+            "input": "The results suggest that the use of PMRT could enhance quality of life and decrease state anxiety in patients after stoma surgery .",
+            "output": [
+                "quality of life, state anxiety"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-0d279aa13ebc443a9b8b2ee194eaa2fa",
+            "input": "Interventions were conducted 30 min daily for 5-6 weeks .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-e0a60203a30c4d81a6befb0e1a2f7e15",
+            "input": "There were also no differences in manual muscle testing sum scores , activity scale scores and patients ' own assessments after 48 weeks of treatment .",
+            "output": [
+                "manual muscle testing sum scores, activity scale scores, patients ' own assessments"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-e2cf137ad96a4c97ac77fd4a6aa5a094",
+            "input": "However , transfusion rate , presence of hepatomegaly , splenomegaly , and jaundice was similar .",
+            "output": [
+                "transfusion rate, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, jaundice"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-91e4da925405482a86852c2f40e94479",
+            "input": "Three hundred sixty-five patients were enrolled .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-5f8df641d10341488507af682b4cd162",
+            "input": "If so , this would be a great support for doctors who might systematically recommend these simple and costless measures , especially in primary care .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-174c2bbb0a094cf08d9be77a36021bea",
+            "input": "Relative to children in the wait-list group , program participants showed greater improvements in social skills over the course of the intervention , as indicated by parent-report measures .",
+            "output": [
+                "social skills"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-f397803081c7484596609ab95c11305b",
+            "input": "Hence , we hypothesize that specific airway resistance changes ( \u0394sRAW ) should better characterize the acute response to bronchodilators .",
+            "output": [
+                "airway resistance changes ( \u0394sRAW"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-6be7c34457d44d2aae095c9b8a8545b3",
+            "input": "We investigated whether 13 participants with ASD ( age 7 ; 03-22 ; 03 ) and 13 age-matched typically developing ( TD ) controls could comprehend lexicalized conceptual metaphors ( e.g. , Susan is a warm person ) and novel ones ( e.g. , Susan is a toasty person ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-a56c014af9e641e0a054df3d539e862b",
+            "input": "Randomized controlled study of chemoimmunotherapy with bestatin of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-00f7a9feeca443dba41ea8642d982a43",
+            "input": "Forty-nine children with AS were recruited to participate and randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 26 ) or wait-list control ( n = 23 ) conditions .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-a0ad3556ddad4a45816ca1c41f8fb899",
+            "input": "Observed medication and weekend diary cards were used to monitor adherence .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-3642ba2f6ecb422bbf9f53b3c83a712d",
+            "input": "Use of health care facilities was assessed from diaries/questionnaires and Medicare reimbursement rates used to estimate costs .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-872fcc407c5b4bddab2900ae4e64a409",
+            "input": "In 78 children known to be infected with Ascaris at baseline , the rate of weight gain was 21 per cent greater in children treated with levamisole than in those receiving placebo ( p = .03 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "weight gain"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-6325c79c66f245a1948b5b3edd34ecac",
+            "input": "Overall , 13 patients ( 46.4 % ) had detrusor overactivity and 14 ( 50 % ) had decreased bladder capacity .",
+            "output": [
+                "detrusor overactivity, bladder capacity"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-88a93544f3ea44549d2830a24e2b92e0",
+            "input": "In patients with neutrophil counts of > 0.1 x 10 ( 9 ) /L lasting for more than 4 weeks , the frequency of infection in the fluconazole group ( 5 of 9 patients ) was significantly higher than in the itraconazole group ( 0 of 7 patients ; P = .03 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "frequency of infection"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-61f6dd4c233943c1a641eb98a6ac63cc",
+            "input": "No significant differences , within and between groups , were observed in the exercise-induced increase in the ratios para- and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine to antipyrine .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-0e571027c3ad402eac59e037eef1f9dc",
+            "input": "Age-matched boys with ADHD ( 15 ) , ASD ( 18 ) , and controls ( 21 ) were compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) during a reversal task .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-b966d8e535214bcfab19f7807a69aa51",
+            "input": "This 7-week program included a computer game , small group sessions , parent training sessions and teacher handouts .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-aa5d3b6da4d4484885016d4d791a5bbb",
+            "input": "The patients were randomised into a control group ( n = 10 ) and an experimental group ( n = 8 ) .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-02ed1112902e4c7eaff28cb2c99831d9",
+            "input": "To consider the impact on primary care patient outcomes of using both a screener to determine elevated anxiety levels among patients with previously undetected anxiety and a physician intervention to inform physicians of their patients ' conditions .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-be619ba3e04f49ad88a3012d30a053e2",
+            "input": "A persistent phasic activity pattern was found in 19 of the 21 patients , high frequency phasic activity in 11 of the 21 patients .",
+            "output": [
+                "phasic activity, phasic"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-517cc6f8524a4005803c89fe11122459",
+            "input": "In a prospective , randomized , double-blind study , 90 paediatric patients , ASA I , aged 4-10 years , received granisetron 40 mg kg-1 or perphenazine 70 mg kg-1 ( n = 45 each ) intravenously immediately after an inhalation induction of anaesthesia .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-3926152d20b8400e8a1b5d374338ff8e",
+            "input": "After three weekly doses of epoetin alfa 40,000 U , a dose of 120,000 U can be administered safely once every 3 weeks without increasing transfusion needs or sacrificing QOL .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-1b85989710174167807d1dd176f01fab",
+            "input": "However , to our knowledge , there have been no studies using all these measures together as an adjuvant antidepressant strategy .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-5eb927181cb44fe9964ad7117653f82f",
+            "input": "Accordingly , the current study examined within-person covariation between time-varying abstinence and depressive symptom in a multilevel model ( MLM ) , which allowed for transitions between smoking statuses within a participant .",
+            "output": [
+                "depressive symptom"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "task181-5ffc877487054e8d875578021fb8018b",
+            "input": "Internal stenting is an integral part of endopyelotomy .",
+            "output": [
+                "not found"
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "Instance License": [
+        "Unknown"
+    ]
+}

Text_summarization/task112_mimic_cxr_text_summurization.json

@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+{
+    "Contributors": "MIMIC-CXR",
+    "Source": "MIMIC-CXR",
+    "URL": "https://physionet.org/content/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.0.0/",
+    "Categories": [
+        "Text Summurization"
+    ],
+    "Definition": [
+        "You will be given a description of the important aspects in the Chest X-ray image. Your task is to give a short summary of the most immediately relevant findings"
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Public Health",
+        "Heathcare"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [],
+    "Negative Examples": [],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation.  No pleural effusion or  pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are  unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is a right lower lung opacity.  There is no pulmonary edema, pleural  effusion or pneumothorax.  The cardiac and mediastinal contours are normal.",
+            "output": "Right lower lung opacity concerning for aspiration or pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Left-sided dual-chamber pacemaker/AICD device is re- demonstrated with leads  in unchanged positions. Mild enlargement of cardiac silhouette is again noted.  The aortic knob is calcified. The mediastinal and hilar contours are  unremarkable. Pulmonary vasculature is normal. Scarring is seen in the right  lung base with tenting of the right hemidiaphragm. No focal consolidation,  pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present. Lungs remain hyperinflated.  No  acute osseous abnormality is detected.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no new consolidation or pleural effusion.  The heart and mediastinum  are within normal limits.  Multilevel spinal degenerative changes are stable.  An old right lower rib fracture is re-demonstrated. There is no pneumothorax.",
+            "output": "No radiographic evidence of pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of the chest provided.    There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The  cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact.   No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.",
+            "output": "No acute intrathoracic process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "AP semi upright view of the chest provided.    There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax.  Bibasilar  atelectasis is similar to prior.  Mild cardiomegaly and large hiatal hernia  are similar to prior. Imaged osseous structures are intact.  No free air below  the right hemidiaphragm is seen.",
+            "output": "No acute intrathoracic process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "AP and lateral views of the chest.  In the mid right lung, there is  a new round opacity that is concerning for a mass however may represent focal  infection.  There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.  No focal  consolidation.  Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.",
+            "output": "Right mid lung rounded opacity may represent a new mass or  infection.  Recommend CT for further evaluation.     These findings were emailed to the ___ nurses by Dr. ___ at 747am on  ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "In comparison to the chest radiographs obtained ___, no significant  changes are appreciated.  Lungs are fully expanded and clear without focal  consolidation or suspicious pulmonary nodules.  No pleural effusions.  Mild  cardiomegaly is unchanged without pulmonary vascular congestion or pulmonary  edema.  Descending thoracic aorta is tortuous, but unchanged.  Median  sternotomy wires are well aligned and intact.",
+            "output": "No radiographic evidence of pneumonia, intrathoracic malignancy, or other  acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG.  Mild cardiomegaly is  similar.  The aorta remains tortuous, and the mediastinal and hilar contours  are unchanged.  Pulmonary vasculature is not engorged.  There is minimal  atelectasis at the lung bases without focal consolidation.  No pleural  effusion or pneumothorax is detected.  Degenerative changes are seen  throughout the thoracic spine.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are clear without consolidation, effusion, or vascular congestion.  Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Tortuous descending  thoracic aorta is noted. Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are  again seen. Chronic changes identified at the shoulders as on prior. No acute  osseous abnormalities.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Persistent subtle right lower lobe and retrocardiac opacity.  Left basilar  atelectasis is noted.  No pulmonary edema.  No pleural effusion or  pneumothorax.  Heart is top-normal in size.  Mediastinal contour and hila are  unremarkable.    Intact median sternotomy wires.  Mediastinal clips are noted.",
+            "output": "Bilateral lower lobe bronchopneumonia, unchanged in appearance since prior  examination.    RECOMMENDATION(S):  Recommend short interval followup chest radiograph ___  weeks after completion of treatment to assess for resolution."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Postoperative cardiomediastinal silhouette and hilar contours are stable.   Lungs are clear.  There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process; specifically, no evidence of pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "AP view of the chest was provided.  Midline sternotomy wires and  mediastinal clips are noted.  The lungs appear clear without focal  consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax.  Subtle nodular opacities are noted  in the left mid lung.  No large effusion or pneumothorax.  Cardiomediastinal  silhouette appears stable.  Bony structures are intact.",
+            "output": "No acute findings.  Subtle nodular opacities in the left mid  lung.  Please refer to subsequent CT of the chest for further details."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Support Devices:  None.    The lungs are clear. The sternotomy wires and mediastinal surgical clips are  unchanged. Heart size normal. There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.   Pulmonary vascularity is normal.  There is a high riding right humeral head  consistent with rotator cuff rupture.",
+            "output": "No evidence of pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Lung volumes are slightly low.  Subtle opacity in the right infrahilar region  as well as retrocardiac region is concerning for bronchopneumonia given the  provided history.  Atelectasis at the left lung base is mild.  No edema,  pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.  The cardiomediastinal silhouette is  unchanged.  Median sternotomy wires and mediastinal clips are also unchanged.   The descending thoracic aorta is tortuous.",
+            "output": "Bilateral lower lobe bronchopneumonia.  Repeat chest radiograph in ___ weeks  to ensure resolution after treatment is recommended.    RECOMMENDATION(S):  Repeat chest radiograph in ___ weeks to ensure resolution  after treatment is recommended."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of the chest.  Sternotomy wires and  mediastinal clips are stable.  There is no focal consolidation, pleural  effusion, or pneumothorax.  The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are  normal.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process.      These findings were discussed with Dr. ___ by Dr. ___ at 1:12 p.m. on  ___ by telephone at the time of discovery."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The patient is status post median sternotomy with intact sternotomy  wires.  The lungs are clear without focal consolidation, effusion, or  pneumothorax.  A 4-mm nodular opacity in the right lower lobe is apparent on  today's exam, as are the subtle nodular opacities in the left lower lobe  previously noted on the ___ radiograph and better seen on the  CT from ___.  Bony structures are intact.  Cardiomediastinal  silhouette appears stable.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Lung volumes are slightly low, particularly on the frontal view.  There is no  focal consolidation, effusion or overt edema.  Cardiac silhouette is within  normal limits.  Median sternotomy wires, mediastinal clips and coronary artery  stents are noted.  No acute osseous abnormalities.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral chest radiograph demonstrate clear lungs bilaterally.  Linear  lucencies paralleling the upper mediastinum extending into the neck is  compatible with pneumomediastinum.  Pulmonary vasculature is normal.  There is  no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.  No air under the right hemidiaphragm.",
+            "output": "Pneumomediastinum."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Heart size is normal.  The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The  pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear.  No pleural effusion or  pneumothorax is seen.  Mild anterior wedge compression deformity of an upper  lumbar vertebral body is age indeterminate.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.  Age indeterminate mild anterior wedge  compression deformity of an upper lumbar vertebral body."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of chest demonstrate clear lungs.  Heart size is normal.   No pleural effusion pneumothorax or pulmonary edema.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of the chest were provided.  The heart is normal in size.  There is no focal consolidation or evidence of pulmonary edema.  No pleural  effusion or pneumothorax is seen.  The mediastinal contour is normal.  No free  air is seen below the right hemidiaphragm.  The bony structures are intact.",
+            "output": "No acute intrathoracic process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "A single portable semi-erect chest radiograph was obtained.  Low lung volumes  exaggerate the heart size and interstitial markings.  The lungs are clear.   There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax.  The heart size is  top normal. Mediastinal contours are normal.  Cholecystectomy clips are  visible in the right upper quadrant.  There is no displaced rib fracture.",
+            "output": "Top normal heart size."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Chest:  The heart is not enlarged.  No CHF, focal infiltrate, effusion, or  pneumothorax detected.    Ribs:  No localizing history is available.  No marker is placed to indicate  the site of focal symptoms.  No dedicated rib radiographs were included.  Of  note, the lower most right ribs are not fully included on the available views.  Allowing for this, the possibility of slight cortical offset involving the  right eighth rib anteriorly cannot be excluded.",
+            "output": "No acute pulmonary process identified.    No focal pneumonic infiltrate, pneumothorax or pleural effusion detected.    Possible minimally displaced fracture of the right anterior eighth rib.   Clinical correlation for any focal site of symptoms is requested.  If there is  ongoing concern for a a rib fracture, then dedicated rib radiographs could  help for further assessment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Single frontal chest radiograph demonstrates a right-sided  subclavian venous catheter terminating at the cavoatrial junction.   Endotracheal tube terminates at the level of the clavicles.  Enteric catheter  courses below the left hemidiaphragm terminating in the body of stomach.   Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable.  Left lung base  opacification is poorly assessed given patient positioning, but may reflect  combination of atelectasis and effusion.  Underlying infectious process cannot  be excluded.",
+            "output": "Medical support devices are well positioned.  Left lower lung  opacification evident."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest demonstrate fully expanded and clear  lungs.  The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are normal.  There is no  pneumothorax or pleural effusion.  Pleural surfaces are unremarkable.  There  is no mediastinal air.",
+            "output": "Normal chest radiograph.  No evidence of mediastinal air."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Heart size is normal.  Mediastinal and hilar contours are unremarkable.  The  pulmonary vasculature is normal and the lungs are clear.  No pleural effusion,  focal consolidation or pneumothorax is demonstrated.  There are no acute  osseous abnormalities.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation.  No pleural effusion or  pneumothorax is seen.  The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are  unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Heart size is normal.  The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The  pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear.  No pleural effusion or  pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Lung volumes are low.  The heart size is normal.  Aorta remains unfolded, and  the mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged.  The pulmonary vascularity  is not engorged.  Minimal streaky opacity within the left lower lobe likely  reflects atelectasis.  There is no focal consolidation, large pleural effusion  or pneumothorax identified.  No acute osseous abnormalities detected.",
+            "output": "Minimal left lower lobe atelectasis."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "AP and lateral chest radiographs were provided.  There is no focal  consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.  Lung volumes are slightly  low.  The cardiomediastinal silhouette is notable for a tortuous aorta.  The  bones are intact without evidence of displaced rib fractures.  There are mild  degenerative changes in the thoracic spine.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process or displaced rib fracture."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There has been interval placement of an endotracheal tube, terminating at the  carina.  Recommend withdrawal by approximately 3 cm for more optimal  positioning.  A nasogastric tube has also been placed in the interval with  distal tip at the GE junction, side port within the distal esophagus.   Recommend advancement by approximately 15 cm so that it is well within the  stomach.  Subtle patchy left mid lung opacity is seen which may represent  overlap of vascular structures however small focus of infection may be  present.  Minimal right costophrenic angle atelectasis is seen.  There is no  large pleural effusion or evidence of pneumothorax.  The cardiac and  mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "Endotracheal tube terminates at the level of the carina.  Recommend withdrawal  by approximately 3 cm for more optimal positioning.    Nasogastric tube terminates at the GE junction, side port in the distal  esophagus, Recommend advancement by approximately 15 cm so that it is well  within the stomach.    The above findings were discussed with Dr. ___ at 11:36AM  on ___, via telephone 2 minutes after discovery.    Small patchy opacity projecting over the left mid lung, may represent small  focus of infection."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are stable.  There has been  interval removal of a right internal jugular catheter.  No new focal lung  opacities are identified.  There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.   Blunting of the left costophrenic angle is again seen. Pulmonary vasculature  is within normal limits.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The heart size is normal.  The aorta is mildly unfolded.  Mediastinal and  hilar contours otherwise are unchanged.  Pulmonary vascularity is normal.   Lungs are clear.  No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is visualized.  There  are no acute osseous abnormalities.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The endotracheal tube has been withdrawn in the interval, now  terminating approximately 3.5 cm above the level of the carina.  Nasogastric  tube tip remains at the GE junction with side port in the distal esophagus.   Again, recommend advancement so that it is well within the stomach.  A  right-sided internal jugular central venous catheter again terminates in the  mid-to-lower SVC.  There is no pneumothorax.  There is persistent slight  blunting of the left costophrenic angle.  No focal consolidation.  Cardiac and  mediastinal silhouettes are stable.",
+            "output": "1.  Endotracheal tube now in appropriate position.  2.  Nasoenteric tube still remains high in position, as above.    The above findings were discussed with Dr. ___ on ___ at 9:50 p.m.  via telephone immediately after discovery by Dr. ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Previously seen endotracheal tube, right PICC, right central venous catheter,  and orogastric tube have been removed.  The heart size is normal.  The  mediastinal and hilar contours are unchanged.  There is minimal blunting of  left costophrenic angle suggestive of a trace effusion.  No pneumothorax is  seen, and there is no right-sided pleural effusion.  Ill-defined nodular  opacities are noted within the right mid lung field, which could reflect areas  of infection or inflammation.  No focal consolidation is demonstrated.  There  is no pulmonary vascular congestion.",
+            "output": "Ill-defined nodular opacities within the right mid lung field could reflect an  area of infection or inflammation.  Trace left pleural effusion."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained.  Lungs are  clear without focal consolidation.  No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is  seen.  Cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are unremarkable.  No overt  pulmonary edema is seen.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of the chest provided.   Midline sternotomy wires and  left chest wall pacer device appear unchanged.  The pacer leads extending to  the region of the right atrium and right ventricle.  The lungs are clear.   There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The  cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged. Imaged osseous structures are  intact.  No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.",
+            "output": "No acute intrathoracic process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The patient is status post median sternotomy and CABG.  Left-sided  dual-chamber pacemaker device is seen with leads terminating in the right  atrium and right ventricle.  The heart is normal in size.  Mediastinal and  hilar contours are unremarkable.  The pulmonary vascularity is normal.  Lungs  are clear without focal consolidation.  No pleural effusion or pneumothorax is  seen.  There are no acute osseous abnormalities.  Multiple spiral radiopaque  densities within the upper anterior abdominal wall are compatible with prior  ventral hernia repair.  No free air is seen under the diaphragms.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.  No free air under the diaphragms."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Rotated positioning.  A left-sided pacemaker present, with lead tips over  right atrium right ventricle.  An NG tube is present, tip extending beneath  diaphragm, off film.  Surgical ___ are noted over the upper abdomen in the  midline.  Linear density overlying the left lung could represent an epidural  catheter, best correlated clinically.    The patient is status post sternotomy.  Note is made that the lower most  sternotomy wire is fractured.  There is probable mild cardiomegaly.  There is  increased retrocardiac density with a probable small left effusion and partial  obscuration the left hemidiaphragm.  There is minimal atelectasis in the right  cardiophrenic region.  No pneumothorax is detected.  There is pleural  parenchymal thickening/scarring at the left lung apex.  The right first rib  may be truncated, but is unchanged.  Aside from right base atelectasis, the  right lung is grossly clear.  No gross right effusion, though minimal pleural  fluid could be present on the right.  Suspect background hyperinflation/COPD.   Note made of old rib fractures seen in lower right chest, similar to ___.    Compared to ___ the heart size is larger.  Left effusion and left  lower lobe collapse and/or consolidation is new and right cardiophrenic  atelectasis is more pronounced.",
+            "output": "1. Small to moderate left effusion with underlying collapse and/or  consolidation of the left base.  2. Atelectasis in the right cardiophrenic region.  3. Cardiac silhouette larger compared with ___.  4. Clinical correlation is required for full assessment.  5. Fractured inferior sternotomy wire, unchanged compared with ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Compared with the prior study, the cardiomediastinal silhouette is probably  unchanged.  There is upper zone redistribution, without overt CHF.  Fractured  inferior sternotomy wire again noted.    The left hemidiaphragm and left costophrenic sulcus are now better defined,  suggesting interval improvement in the the left effusion and left lower lobe  collapse/consolidation.  Some residual left lower lobe atelectasis persists.    On the right, there has been slight improvement in the right cardiophrenic  opacity.  The small right effusion is again seen, similar to prior.    Left-greater-than-right apical pleural thickening again noted.  Fractures of  the  mid/lower posterior right ribs again noted, presumably old.  No  pneumothorax detected.    NG tube, pacemaker, and presumed epidural catheter again noted.",
+            "output": "Partial interval improvement in collapse/consolidation at the left base and in  the right cardiophrenic opacity.  Marked improvement in left pleural effusion.    NG tube extends beneath the diaphragm off the film.  The sideport is not well  delineated, but appears to lie immediately beyond the GE junction."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or focal air airspace  consolidation.  The heart size is normal.  The mediastinal contours and hilar  structures are unremarkable.  There is no pneumomediastinum.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Heart size is normal. The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The  pulmonary vasculature is normal.  Very small region of consolidation probably  in the right middle lobe. No pneumothorax or pleural abnormality.",
+            "output": "Right middle lobe consolidation could be atelectasis if there are no symptoms  of acute pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are clear without focal consolidation.  No pleural effusion or  pneumothorax is seen. The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are  unremarkable.  No pulmonary edema is seen.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of the chest provided.    There is no focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The  cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact.   No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.",
+            "output": "No acute intrathoracic process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Study is slightly limited due to mild patient rotation.  There is moderate to  severe cardiomegaly.  Endotracheal tube tip terminates 4.4 cm from the carina.  Low lung volumes are noted with crowding of the pulmonary vascular structures,  and probable mild pulmonary vascular congestion.  Air bronchograms with  opacification in both lung bases may reflect areas of infection.  Patchy  opacities are also noted within the right upper lung field as well as the left  upper and mid lung fields, concerning for additional sites of infection or  aspiration.  No large pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.  Prominent  gaseous distention of the stomach is noted.",
+            "output": "1. Endotracheal tube in standard position.    2. Consolidative opacities in the lung bases may reflect areas of infection.   Additional patchy opacities within the left lung and right upper lung field  are concerning for additional sites of infection or aspiration.    3. Cardiomegaly with possible mild pulmonary vascular congestion."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Since the prior exam, there is increasing opacification of the bilateral bases  which is likely atelectasis.  There is no pulmonary edema, pleural effusion,  or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.",
+            "output": "No definite evidence of pneumonia. New bibasilar opacities are likely  atelectasis.  Recommend a repeat chest radiograph later today or tomorrow to  ensure the opacities are not increasing."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are hyper-expanded and clear.  The cardiomediastinal and hilar  contours are unremarkable.  There is no pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or  consolidation.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Heart size is normal.  The mediastinal and hilar contours are normal. The  pulmonary vasculature is normal. Lungs are clear.  No pleural effusion or  pneumothorax is seen. There are no acute osseous abnormalities.  Clips are  noted in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen compatible prior  cholecystectomy.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest were obtained.  Low lung  volumes result in bronchovascular crowding.  There is bibasilar atelectasis  without focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.  A nodular  opacity in the right upper lobe is superimposed over the right sixth posterior  rib.  The heart cannot be well evaluated due to lung volumes.  The aorta is  tortuous.  Hilar contours are normal.  Degenerative change is seen in the  shoulder girdles bilaterally. There is no free air under the diaphragm.  Compression deformities in the thoracic spine are noted.",
+            "output": "1.  No acute intrathoracic process.    2.  Nodule in the right upper lobe is superimposed over the right posterior  rib, new from ___.  Shallow obliques off the frontal view could be performed  for further evaluation.    Findings and recommendations discussed with Dr. ___ by phone at  3:41pm ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "A right PICC line terminates in the upper SVC. The heart is top  normal in size.  There is no definite pneumonia or pneumothorax.  There is no  pulmonary edema.",
+            "output": "Stable chest examination with no definite pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "As compared to prior chest radiograph from ___, lung volumes have  increased and there has been interval removal of a right-sided PICC line.  The  cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are within normal limits.  Slight  prominence of interstitial lung markings could relate to patient's known  underlying emphysema.  There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or  pneumothorax.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Since ___, left lower lobe pneumonia is significantly improved.i The  right lung is clear.  The cardiomediastinal silhouette, hilar contours, and  pleural surfaces are normal.  No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.  No new  focal consolidations are seen.",
+            "output": "Significant improvement in left lower lobe pneumonia since ___.   No new focal consolidations are noted."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of the chest provided.   Airspace consolidation is noted  within the left lower lobe compatible with pneumonia.  Right lung is clear.   Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.  Imaged osseous structures are intact.  No free air below the right hemidiaphragm is seen.",
+            "output": "Left lower lobe pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.  The lungs are clear.  There is no  pneumothorax or pleural effusion.  Coronary artery calcifications are noted.   There is no acute osseous abnormality.",
+            "output": "No radiographic explanation chronic cough.    RECOMMENDATION(S):   The findings were discussed by Dr. ___  with Dr. ___ on the ___ ___ at 1:15 PM, 1 minutes after  discovery of the findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or pulmonary  edema. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.  Sternotomy  wires are unchanged.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Frontal and lateral views of the chest.  No prior.  The lungs are  clear.  The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.  Osseous and  soft tissue structures are grossly unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No focal consolidation, pleural effusion, or evidence of  pneumothorax is seen.  The cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are stable and  unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of the chest.  The lungs are clear.  Cardiomediastinal  silhouette is normal.  Mid thoracic dextroscoliosis is noted.  No acute  osseous abnormality detected.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The heart is normal in size. The cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are  within normal limits. The lungs appear clear. There is no evidence of  pneumothorax or effusion.  Bony structures appear intact.",
+            "output": "No acute findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no focal consolidation, pleural effusion or pneumothorax.   Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits.  No evidence of  pneumomediastinum.  No acute osseous abnormalities are identified.  Lumbar  spinal fusion hardware is partially imaged.",
+            "output": "No pneumomediastinum or radiographic evidence of an intrathoracic mass."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Mild bronchial wall thickening is noted without focal consolidation.  There is  no pleural effusion, pulmonary vascular congestion, or pneumothorax.  The  cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.",
+            "output": "Mild bronchial wall thickening suggesting bronchitis without evidence of  pneumonia.    NOTIFICATION:   The findings were discussed with ___ with with with  the, M.D. by ___, M.D. on the telephone on ___ at 11:06 AM, 1  minutes after discovery of the findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No consolidation, pleural effusion or pulmonary edema is seen, and the cardiac  and mediastinal contours are normal.  Hyperinflated lungs are seen.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary disease."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Moderate to severe cardiomegaly is stable.  Patient has a hiatal hernia.   Aside from minimal atelectasis in the right base, the lungs are clear.  There  is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality  Stable cardiomegaly and hiatal hernia"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Lung volumes are low causing crowding and an apparent increase in  the size of the only mildly enlarged cardiac silhouette.  Lungs are otherwise  clear.  No pleural effusion or pneumothorax.  Osseous structure appear  unchanged since ___.",
+            "output": "No evidence of pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate clear,  well-expanded lungs, with note made of eventration of the right hemidiaphragm.  There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.  The pulmonary vasculature is  normal.  The cardiac silhouette is mildly enlarged, unchanged.  The aortic  valve annulus and coronary arteries are heavily calcified. The mediastinal  contours are normal. There is a small hiatal hernia, newly appreciated.",
+            "output": "1.  No acute chest abnormality.  2.  Small hiatal hernia"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The patient is status post sternotomy.  There is similar volume  loss in the right hemithorax with opacification at the medial right apex and  thickening of what appears to represent the minor fissure.  Blunting of the  right costophrenic sulcus has increased and suggests minor scarring or  atelectasis with a potential small effusion.  There is also patchy new  opacification in the right lower lobe compared to the prior chest radiographs  while the left lung remains clear.",
+            "output": "Patchy new right lower lobe opacity with possible small pleural  effusion.  Depending on the clinical setting, mild pneumonia or sequelae of  aspiration could be considered, although evolving scarring or atelectasis with  associated with an interval effusion could also be considered."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "AP and lateral views of the chest are compared to previous chest  x-ray from ___ and images from prior PET-CT from ___.      Again seen is evidence of right upper lobe scarring medially with associated  volume loss.  This appearance is similar compared to prior chest x-ray.   Elsewhere, the lungs are clear without evidence of new consolidation or  effusion.  Cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable.  Median sternotomy wires  again seen.  Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "Post-treatment changes seen in the right upper lung.  No evidence  of acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The cardiac, mediastinal and hilar contours appear unchanged.   There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax.  The lungs appear clear.  Mild  degenerative changes are noted along the mid thoracic spine with small  osteophytes and mildly narrowed interspaces.",
+            "output": "No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary disease."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are normally expanded and clear.  The cardiomediastinal  silhouette, hilar contours and pleural surfaces are normal.  There is no  pleural effusion or pneumothorax. There is slight indentation of the left side  of the trachea.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.  2. Indentation of the left side of the trachea possibly from thyroid  enlargement. Please correlate with physical exam.     Updated results were telephoned to Dr. ___ by ___ at 8:10 am,  ___, 10 minutes after discovery."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "PA and lateral views of the chest provided.   Low lung volumes.  There is no  focal consolidation, effusion, or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal  silhouette is normal. Imaged osseous structures are intact.  No free air below  the right hemidiaphragm is seen.",
+            "output": "No acute intrathoracic process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Streaky right basilar opacities are identified particularly in the right  middle lobe. Elsewhere, the lungs are clear. The cardiomediastinal silhouette  is within normal limits.  No acute osseous abnormality is identified.",
+            "output": "Streaky right middle lobe opacities most suggestive of atelectasis."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Lung volumes are low. There is mild elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with  new right lower lobe subsegmental atelectasis. The left lung is clear.",
+            "output": "New right lower lobe subsegmental atelectasis."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Cardiac size is top normal. Bibasilar atelectasis larger on the right have  minimally increased. There are low lung volumes. There is no pneumothorax or  pleural effusion.",
+            "output": "Bibasilar atelectases no pneumothorax."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Single portable view of the chest.  The lungs are clear where not  obscured by overlying cardiac leads and wires.  The cardiomediastinal  silhouette is normal.  No acute osseous abnormality is identified.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The heart size is normal.  The hilar and mediastinal contours are within  normal limits.  There is no pneumothorax, focal consolidation, or pleural  effusion.",
+            "output": "No acute intrathoracic process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No focal consolidation, pleural effusion or evidence of  pneumothorax is seen.  Cardiac, mediastinal, and hilar contours are stable.   There is flattening of the diaphragm, suggesting chronic obstructive pulmonary  disease.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process.  Flattening of the diaphragms  suggests chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  No significant interval  change since the prior study."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Moderate to severe bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar consolidations,  left side has increased in size from prior.    Bilateral chest tubes are in place.    Right sided PICC line, tip in the SVC.    Mild pulmonary edema.    Stable left sided rib fractures.    Healed right sided rib fractures.    Multiple compression fractures in the thoracic and lumbar spine.  Innumerable  osseous lucencies consistent with known multiple myeloma.    Cardiomediastinal silhouette is obscured.     This preliminary report was reviewed with Dr. ___, ___  radiologist.",
+            "output": "Moderate to severe bilateral pleural effusions and bibasilar consolidations,  left side has slightly worsened from ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Right-sided PICC terminates in the low SVC.  Bilateral chest tubes are  unchanged in position.  There has been interval decrease in cardiomegaly.   Mediastinal congestion has improved.  Focal consolidation at the right lung  base obscuring the right heart border reflects atelectasis versus pneumonia,  better evaluated on most recent chest CT.  A small right pleural effusion  persists.  Partial collapse of the left lower lobe and moderate left pleural  effusion better evaluated on most recent chest CT.  There is no pneumothorax.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of pneumothorax.  2. Cardiomegaly and mediastinal congestion have improved.  3. Consolidation in the right lower lobe better evaluated on most recent chest  CT likely reflects pneumonia versus atelectasis.  4.  Partial collapse of the left lower lobe and moderate left pleural effusion  better evaluated on most recent chest CT."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Opacification of the right mid and lower hemithorax is new since ___,  consistent with large pleural effusion and atelectasis.  Concurrent pneumonia  is possible.  Remaining aerated right apex is clear.  Opacification of the  left lower hemithorax is also new, consistent with an increasing, now moderate  pleural effusion.  Concurrent pneumonia is possible.  Aerated portions of the  left lung are clear.  Heart size cannot be assessed, borders obscured by the  bilateral opacities.  Dextroconvex curvature of the upper thoracic spine could  be positional.",
+            "output": "Bilateral large right and moderate left pleural effusion, markedly increased  since ___.  Underlying pneumonia cannot be excluded."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Bilateral moderate pleural effusions, left greater than right, and adjacent  atelectasis are stable to mildly increased since ___.  The heart size is  somewhat obscured but appears enlarged.  No pneumothorax.",
+            "output": "Stable to mild interval increase in bilateral moderate pleural effusions, left  greater than right, since ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Bilateral chest drainage tubes in situ.  Right-sided PICC line in situ with  the tip at the cavoatrial junction.  No pneumothorax.  Interval decrease in  size of the bibasal pleural effusions.  Adjacent subsegmental atelectasis seen  in the lower lung zones.  Coarsened appearance of the bones.",
+            "output": "Interval improved as evidenced by decrease in the size of the bilateral  pleural effusions."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Right-sided PICC terminates in the low SVC. Bilateral chest tubes are  unchanged in position.  Cardiomediastinal silhouette is unchanged within the limitations of patient  rotation. Previously seen opacity at the right mid to lower lung has improved.  There is increased retrocardiac and left lung base opacity.  There is no pneumothorax .",
+            "output": "Right basilar atelectasis has improved.  Increased moderate left pleural effusion and left basilar atelectasis."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "A right chest drain has been placed in the interim, projecting over the right  mid hemithorax just under the superior aspect of the opacity that likely  pleural effusion.  The tip of the catheters straight and does not have the  \"pigtail appearance.  No significant subcutaneous emphysema.  Mottled  appearance of the bones is consistent with history of multiple myeloma with  bilateral chronic rib deformities likely old pathologic fractures.  No  significant change in bilateral large right and moderate left pleural  effusions.  Underlying pneumonia cannot be excluded.  No pneumothorax.  Heart  size cannot be assessed.",
+            "output": "1.  Interval placement of right chest drain with tip projecting over the  mid-upper hemithorax, just below the uppermost aspect of the effusion without  typical pig-tail configuration.  The position of this drain may be inadequate  to clear the pleural effusion.    2.  No change otherwise."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Right pleural catheter appears to have been withdrawn by 3 cm but terminates  within the chest cage.  Small right pleural effusion is less than before.   Large left pleural effusion is increased with increased rightward mediastinal  shift.  The right lung base opacity is probably atelectasis.  There is  persistent complete collapse of left lower lobe.",
+            "output": "1. Large left pleural effusion and rightward mediastinal shift is increased  than 1 day ago.  Small right pleural effusion is less  2. right pleural catheter appears to have been withdrawn by 3 cm but  terminates within the chest change.    NOTIFICATION:  Ipression 1 was discussed with ___, N.P. by ___, M.D. on  the telephone on ___ at 9:52 AM, 5 minutes after discovery of the  findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Compared to 4 days prior, no appreciable change in the size of the moderate  bilateral pleural effusions.  Lungs are otherwise clear.  Heart size and  cardiomediastinal hilar silhouettes are unchanged.  Multiple compression  deformities throughout the visualized spine are unchanged.  Markedly abnormal  sternum contour is similarly unchanged.",
+            "output": "Unchanged moderate bilateral pleural effusions."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "AP and lateral views of the chest.  No prior.  There is elevation  of the left hemidiaphragm.  The lungs are grossly clear of consolidation or  large effusion.  The cardiac silhouette is enlarged and the aorta is tortuous.  Osseous and soft tissue structures are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "Cardiomegaly.  No definite acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Dual lumen right-sided central venous catheter seen with the tip in the upper  right atrium. There is mild prominence of interstitial markings without and  bibasilar opacities potentially due to atelectasis. There is no large  effusion. The cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. No acute  osseous abnormalities identified.",
+            "output": "Bibasilar opacities could be due to atelectasis however infection is not  entirely excluded. Consider two views to further characterize."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Lungs are well-expanded and clear, with minimal atelectasis in the right lung  base. There is mild cardiomegaly. The mediastinal hilar contours are  unremarkable. There is no pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, or  focal consolidation.",
+            "output": "Mild cardiomegaly. No evidence of pneumonia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are clear.  Cardiac silhouette is normal.  No pleural effusion or  pneumothorax. There is no free air.    Previously, the left hilar region was thought to be slightly rounded in its  contour however, recent chest CT demonstrated this was vascular in origin and  not due to lymphadenopathy.  There was a borderline lymphnode seen on that CT  for which recommendation was for repeat limited CT with contrast.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are clear.  There is no pleural effusion, pneumothorax or  focal airspace consolidation.  The heart size is normal. The left hilus  demonstrates a rounded opacity which is indeterminate but likely overlapping  vessels.  The hilar structures and pleural surfaces are unremarkable.  There  are no acute osseous abnormalities.  The imaged upper abdomen is normal.",
+            "output": "Rounded prominence of the left hilus is likely vascular, however,  given the provided history a CT is recommended for further characterization.    These findings were entered into the Critical Results dashboard on ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Lungs are mildly hypoinflated.  No infiltrate or edema.    The cardio-mediastinal silhouette is unremarkable.    No significant pleural effusion or pneumothorax.",
+            "output": "No acute pulmonary disease"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Lung volumes are slightly low, resulting in bronchovascular crowding.  There  is mild bibasilar atelectasis.  Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are  unremarkable.  No pneumothorax or pleural effusion.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate elevation of the left  hemidiaphragm.  This obscures the left heart border, but allowing for this the  heart is likely normal in size.  There is no focal consolidation.  At the left  lung base is atelectasis, likely a small amount of pleural fluid.  No  pneumothorax is seen.",
+            "output": "Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm with atelectasis and possible small  pleural effusion.  No definite focal consolidation."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Heart size is normal.  The aorta is tortuous.  Pulmonary vascularity is normal  and the hilar contours are within normal limits.  No focal consolidation,  pleural effusion or pneumothorax is present.  Minimal linear opacities within  the left lung base likely reflect subsegmental atelectasis.  There is are no  acute osseous abnormalities.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are mildly hyperinflated.   There is a rounded opacity measuring 3.3  x 2.3 cm projecting over the descending aorta, best seen on the lateral view.  There is no pleural abnormality.  The heart size is normal.  The mediastinal  and hilar contours are normal.",
+            "output": "Rounded opacity projecting over the descending aorta.  Oblique views are  recommended for further evaluation.    RECOMMENDATION(S):  Oblique views are recommended for clarification of the  location of the opacity.    NOTIFICATION:   The findings were discussed with ___ at ___, ___, M.D.'s  office by ___, M.D. on the telephone on ___ at 12:53 PM, 5  minutes after discovery of the findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are well expanded and clear.  Cardiomediastinal  silhouette is unremarkable.  There is no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.   Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute cardiopulmonary process."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lungs are hyperinflated with flattened diaphragms, consistent with known  COPD. There is a sublte predominantly linear opacity in the right lung base.  There is no pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The cardiomediastinal silhouette  is unremarkable.",
+            "output": "1.  Subtle opacity in the right lung base, which may represent atelectasis but  an early focus of pneumonia is also possible.  If the diagnosis is in doubt  clinically, short-term followup radiograph could be obtained.    2. Pulmonary hyperinflation, consistent with known COPD."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Frontal and lateral chest radiographs demonstrate mildly hyperinflated lungs  which are clear.  No new consolidation or other findings concerning for  infection.  Symmetric biapical pleural thickening is noted. No pleural  effusion or pneumothorax. Cardiomediastinal and hilar contours are  unremarkable.  There are degenerative changes of the thoracic spine.",
+            "output": "No findings to suggest infection."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The heart size is normal.  The hilar mediastinal contours are normal.  Subtle  retrocardiac opacity is seen.  There is no large pleural effusion or  pneumothorax.  The visualized osseous structures are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "Subtle opacity in the retrocardiac region, may be secondary to pneumonia."
+        }
+    ]
+}

Text_summarization/task114_medqsum_text_summurization.json

@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+{
+    "Contributors": "MedQSum",
+    "Source": "MedQSum",
+    "URL": "https://github.com/abachaa/MeQSum",
+    "Categories": [
+        "Text Summarization"
+    ],
+    "Definition": [
+        "You will be given a long medical question. Your task is to summarize the consumer health question."
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Public Health",
+        "Heathcare"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [],
+    "Negative Examples": [],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: just a question\nMESSAGE: hi..just wanna ask... 1.how the aspirin can affect the ear? 2. what is the cause of suddenly ringging in the ear? isn't dangerous? tq.. :)",
+            "output": "What causes ringing in the ear, and can aspirin affect the ear?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Dear Doc,\nI am now turning 40years in November and all my life I have desired\nmiserably for a divine intervention to restore my smell sense so that I can\nfully appreciate and participate in this one life on earth. I truly wish to\nbe a part of your research if need be because the disorder had greatly\naffected my life. If you already have medical drugs to cure and restore my\nsmell sense kindly give information on how I can acquire to benefit from\nthis. I pray that God the Creator gracefully grants me favour with this so\nthat I can enjoy the beauty of His creation in this world, with respect to\nsmell, before I depart to continue with Him in heaven. Cheers for now as I\nwait to hear from you.\n[NAME], Ms.\nSmell disorder (anosmia) patient /sufferer,\nwriting from [LOCATION]. Cell: [CONTACT], [CONTACT].",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for anosmia?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: cosmetic leg shortening surgery\nMESSAGE: Hi,  I am a tall girl(5'8\"), who wants to undergo leg shortening sugery of 2 inches for cosmetic purpose. It would be good if I can get more information about it. I would like to know the cost of this surgery, the recovery time and the risks associated with it. How long should I stay in the hospital?  Thanks and regards",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on leg shortening surgery, including risks, cost, and recovery time?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - specific study\nMESSAGE: I am working with a Hep C   patient who needs treatment but cannot afford Tx. How can I help her get in touch with a recruiting study? There are no numbers or ways to contact a recruiting study. Sincerely, [NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find clinical trials on hepatitis C?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Laparoscopic Splenectomy\nMESSAGE: Dear Sir/Madam My brother [NAME] is diagnosed ITP. His doctor advises Laparoscopic Splenectomy for him. Can you please mail me detail and cost of this surgery. His Platletts count is decreased to 12 and his doctors giving him Injection Mebthera today to increase plattlets count. We are form [LOCATION], [LOCATION]. Please mail us as soon possible. Thanks & Best Regards [NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on laparoscopic splenectomy, including cost?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: abetalipoproteimemia\nMESSAGE: hi, I would like to know if there is any support for those suffering with abetalipoproteinemia? I am not diagnosed but have had many test that indicate I am suffering with this, keen to learn how to get it diagnosed and how to manage, many thanks",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on abetalipoproteinemia, including diagnosis and treatment?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "hi. i'm a student that suffers from Pectus excavatum (funnel chest), and i need help to pass it. please give me some way to get the solution of this problem. waiting for your answer. please need help!",
+            "output": "What are treatments for pectus excavatum?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Looking for comparison FloraQ/RisaQuad\nMESSAGE: My MD instructed FloraQ.  Amazon advertises RisaQuad as comparable.\nYour site has never heard of RisaQuad.  Amazon ad doesn't tell you much.\nI checked several drugstores and can't find flora q in stock\nCan you help",
+            "output": "What are the differences between Flora Q and RisaQuad?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Research Report Assistance for Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Adolescence\nMESSAGE: Hello,               My name is [NAME] and I am a high school freshman at the [LOCATION] in [LOCATION]. I am doing a research report on Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Adolescence and I am contacting you to see if you could send me any articles, newsletters, brochures, research, pamphelts, or any other item(s) that you think might help me with my paper (especially any research that has been done or absolutely any information that you have on my topic). I am very interested in finding out more about this and the progress that has been made. I am mainly interested in researching about causes, symptoms, warning signs, treatment (if any), detection of it, and if it is purely genetic. I was also hoping you could help me better understand Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Adolescence. Let me thank you in advance for anything you send me via e-mail or mail. (In addition, if you have absolutely anything you can send me in the mail, please just tell me and I will gladly provide you with my address.) I hope that one day we can find eliminate Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Adolescence.  Thank you for your time and help, [NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on sudden cardiac arrest in adolescents?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: gilberts diseases\nMESSAGE: my name is [NAME].  5days later i admitted in a hospital in treatment of viral fever.In hospital lot of tests blood,urine,ultrasound scan.In all tests my organs (lever,kidney,etc) are normal but my bilirubin Total is higher than normal. In my admission in hospital bilirubin is 3.2. Day by day my bilirubin decreased in the way of 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.6, 2.5, respectevely. The other contents of blood and urine are normal at all. Hepatitis A,B,C are also negative.Today  Bilirubin direct  is 0.8. Doctor says it is Gilberts disease. Sir what can i do?. what is the reason for this?. what is your opinion sir? please reply soon .",
+            "output": "What causes gilberts syndrome and what are the treatments for it?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: lupus an info on the diseise\nMESSAGE: Need all up date on lupus an send by mail informations on this subject..please i need more information to see if what i am exprienceing is in fact related to lupus ...thank you.",
+            "output": "Where can I find the latest information on lupus?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Phobia: fear of taxidermy.\n Hello, I was wondering if there was a name for the fear of taxidermy? I often find myself having the symptoms this website describes when in the presence of something I fear deeply.",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on fear of taxidermy?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "spina bifida; vertbral fusion;syrinx tethered cord. can u help for treatment of these problem",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for spina bifida, vertebral fusion, and syrinx tethered cord?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Regarding Gene. Hello!Can you advise me as to where I might be able to find information on the Gene and Variation:  BCMO1 rs 4889294, BCMO1 R267S rs 12934922 by chance please?  I believe it has to do with Vitamin A conversation but I cannot locate any info about it and treatment of course!  Thank you for your time and help! Gratefully,[NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on conditions caused by SNPs BCMO1 rs 4889294 and BCMO1 R267S rs 12934922, and what are the treatments for them?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Rubella\nMESSAGE: My grandson (4 yrs old) has contracted Rubella.  I know for sure he has had at least one of the vaccines.  They are living in Mexico right now.  Should we be worried?",
+            "output": "What is the prognosis of rubella in a child?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: You know Diabetes Insipidus?\nMESSAGE: I was born with Diabetes Insipidus and have many problems since the cell was removed when I was 22 and ALL",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on diabetes insipidus?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Apraxia and Dyspraxia\nMESSAGE: What are the basic differences between apraxia and dyspraxia?  I get different answers from different sources. One suggests that apraxia is a motor coordination disability acquired due to damage, head injury, stroke or leasions in the brain whereas dyspraxia is inherited.  Another says that the difference is absence of coordination (apraxia) versus a more mild impairment (dyspraxia).  It is very confusing to try to sort it all out.  Thank you!",
+            "output": "What are the differences between apraxia and dyspraxia?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Ochoa syndrome\nMESSAGE: Where could I find more information about the rare disease, Ochoa syndrome. I think a sibling of mine might have it.",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on ochoa syndrome?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Progressive Supernuclear Palsy\nMESSAGE: What  is the best thing to do for my Dad who we r sure has psp!  Who r the best dr to treat this cease.  We believe my uncle had pep also   He recently passed away ,  I want to give my dad the best treatment available",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for progressive supranuclear palsy and how can I find physician(s) who specialize in it?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Pupil Dilation.\n How often can a pupil dilation or eye fundus can be performed? For example is there a problem if I had one last week and then to have another this week? I appreciate your quick answer.  Thank you",
+            "output": "How often can pupil dilation be performed?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MESSAGE: should Advair and Spiriva be used together?  It is my understanding that they are both control meds",
+            "output": "Can Advair and Spiriva be taken together?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Periventricular Heterotopia\nMESSAGE: I have a 10 year old boy with that syndrome and I will like to know if there someone doing reasech about it.  At the same time I will like to learn more about it. When my son was diagnose I was told he wasn't going to be able to do nothing at all. He was very weak , he learn to walk when he was 7 years. it been hard but I will do anything for my baby.",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on periventricular heterotopia, including the latest research?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Regarding falaria diseases\nMESSAGE: Sir, my wife has been suffering from falaria disease in her right leg for 2 years , please show/ tell me the treatment. my contact no. is [CONTACT].",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for filarial disease?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: chemical reactions to meds.\nMESSAGE: What is the clinical name for people who have chemical reactions to medications? Is there a cure?  Thanks",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for drug reactions?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Sle\nMESSAGE: How much level of feritin is responsible for SLE? Adult still's disease is related with Sle? How we differ them?",
+            "output": "How is a differential diagnosis made between SLE and adult still's disease?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: varicella  shingles\nMESSAGE: How can I determine whether or not I've had chicken pox.  If there is a test for it, what are the results of the tests I need to know that will tell me whether or not I have had chicken pox?  I want to know this to determine if I should have shingles vaccine  (Zostavax) Thank you.",
+            "output": "How do i find out if i had chickenpox?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Achondroplasia research.\n Hello, We are students from [LOCATION] and we are doing a biology project of genetic diseases. We chose Achondroplasia as our disease to research. We have a few question and we are hoping you could answer them. Our questions are, can you tell if your child will have Achondroplasia when you are pregnant? When do people usually come in when they think something isn't right with their child? what are the worse cases of Achondroplasia you've ever seen? Thank you in advance.\nsincerely,\n[NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on achondroplasia, including prenatal diagnosis and prognosis?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: about manturation cycle\nMESSAGE: My mensuration cycle is not uniform.. there are many days gap in a month. Some time the gap is more then 1month. What I have to do.",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for irregular periods?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MESSAGE: I want more information on Hypertension and fibromyalgia, I seem to be getting only topics on diabetes and I do not have this.   I enjoy reading the current info.  thanks [NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on hypertension and fibromyalgia?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: inversion of long arm chromasome7\nMESSAGE: My son has been diagnosed with inversion of long arm chromasome 7 and down syndrome . please could you give me information on the chromasome 7 please because our doctors have not yet mentioned it",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on chromosome 7?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: lupus\nMESSAGE: Hi,  I  want to know about Lupus and its treatment. Best,  [NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on lupus and what are the treatments for it?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Asking about Hairy cell leukemia\nMESSAGE: I get report for my father from hospital it is saying that he have Hairy cell leukemia i am here to ask if this dissease dangerous and there is treatment for it  Also if The one who have it will live for long or not ?  My father age is 55  We discover the dissease by blood test",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on hairy cell leukemia, including treatment and prognosis?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "diagnosis of OI/ resources. I was writing to inquire about more information regarding the diagnosis of OI.  We have family members who are in the process of waiting for genetic testing to come back but are under allegations of child abuse.  Is there any information and / or resources that may be helpful to us? Any help is appreciated. Thank you,[NAME]",
+            "output": "How is osteogenesis imperfecta diagnosed and what are its symptoms?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: shingles\nMESSAGE: Hi\nI had shingles a while ago on my left forehead and above my eye, not long after it started again, this time under my left breast, extremely painful and am wondering can this start again ?\nty\n[NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on recurrent shingles?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: ODD facilities\nMESSAGE: Two friends of ours have an 8-year-old child with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and autism, and they are being told by a facility that they need to institutionalize him there. Our friends are heartbroken. Are there any excellent places in the country that specialize in ODD in combination with autism that might offer other options for them? Thanks for any counsel you might have.",
+            "output": "How can I find physician(s) or hospital(s) who specialize in oppositional defiant disorder and autism?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: \"ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information\n\"\nMESSAGE: Please i really need your reply and your help :( My wife has Allergy from all milk products and whenever she drinks or eats any thing contains small amount of any milk products she goes to the hospital. I have faith that there is a cure for that but i really donno what to say to her. She thinks that she will never be cured. So please can you tell me is there is any cure for milk products allergy, any cure? or any cure in the very near future? I will be very very very grateful if you replied, Thanks alot. :)",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for lactose intolerance and can it be cured?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Plantar Fasiciitis\nMESSAGE: Is it true that more likely than not that Plantar fasiciitis could be aggravated by a consistancy of weight bearing activities?    Are there other forms of aggravation? if so will you please inform me.",
+            "output": "What are the prevention and  treatments for plantar fasciitis?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Very high blood sugar!\nMESSAGE: I had two injections in my feet yesterday (5-22-14).  The physician said to watch my blood sugar carefully, as the injections could cause a rise in my blood count. I began having memory problems last evening after an MRI, and then this morning and at noon today (5-23-14), my count has been 427.  I have read my magazines about diabetes, pulled up several things on Medline Plus, and tried to get in touch with two of my doctors who might help.  Everyone is busy, and I totally understand.  I just need to know what, if anything, I can do to get my blood sugar down as fast as possible.  Thank you,  [NAME] [CONTACT]",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for high blood sugar?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Vitamins.\n Can I take zinc and zinc citrate at the same time?",
+            "output": "Can zinc and zinc citrate be taken together?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Does either of these help with skin keloids?\nWhat would help keloids?",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for skin keloids?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Project. Hi my name is [NAME] and I'm doing a school project about leukemia and I was wondering if you can anwser some of my questions please.1. What cause leukemia cancer?2. Can you survive leukemia?3. How does leukemia affect your body?4. Is leukemia inherited?5. What is advanced leukemia?6. How long can someone with leukemia expect to live?7. Can you tell if you have leukemia?8. What treatments do you need to take?9. What are the signs of leukemia?10. What is the difference between AML and CML ?",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on the different types of leukemia, including causes, treatment, prognosis, diagnosis, symptoms, and inheritance?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: New Hep C Virus Treatments\nMESSAGE: In 2006-2007, at the VAMC in [LOCATION], i went through the HEP C Treatment using Ribavirin and Interferon. My viral load was undetectable immediately at the BOT. I stayed on the treatment faithfully and painfully for a4 months; when at the EOT my viral load was still indictable. I was considered a success. When i came back after 6 months for a checkup, it was found my HCV had relapsed. Now I want to know what treatments are now available to me. I hear of these new wonder cures that have been approved in the past year and i want to be retreated. Please send me all the info you have on these new treatments while i wait here and die at age 45. I was exposed with the HCV virus from a tattoo while in the armed forces overseas.",
+            "output": "What new treatments are available for recurrent hepatitis C?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: shingles\nMESSAGE: I work at the Airport and I am in contact with hundreds of people a day. I want to be sure that I am not going to expose people to Shingles. When is it safe for me to go back to work?",
+            "output": "When is shingles contagious?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Treatment required\nMESSAGE: I m 37 years old and i m suffer from poor hunger,loss of appetite and and no desire to eat. I have only some anxietic condition and some heart burn problem. Kindly suggest something for me to solve my problem.",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for anxiety, heartburn, and loss of appetite?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Negative Interaction\nMESSAGE: My question is the following : is there any negative interaction between Ginkgo and Pycnogenol. Thank very much for your attention.",
+            "output": "Are there drug interactions between ginkgo and pycnogenol?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: RUSSEL SILVER SYNDROME\nMESSAGE: I want to know about RUSSEL SILVER SYNDROME If I ask you my little son nine month old but he look like very little I don't know anything about this symptoms please send me all information. my address [CONTACT].",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on russell-silver syndrome?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Cross Eye.\n Need to fix my cross eyed",
+            "output": "How to treat crossed eyes?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MESSAGE: hi my name is [NAME] I'm currently working with [LOCATION] and I was wondering  I came across some of you healthy tip fliers for HIV/Aids treatment .at the moment we have a study  going on that helps HIV positive transgender women into HIV quality care .so it would be great to have some more information on HIV/Aids treatment",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for HIV/AIDS?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MESSAGE: I have had renal organ transplant surgery a year ago. What risk factos must I avoid to prevent the recurrance of ESRD and to maintain a healthy &functioning grafted kidney ?",
+            "output": "How do I care for my kidney after renal transplant?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: oleander poisoning\nMESSAGE: If oleandor was ingested by touching the plant stems inner part and then directly eating without washing hands, how long would u exspect symptoms would start? And how severe would you say symptoms may get.",
+            "output": "When do symptoms of oleander poisoning appear after ingesting the plant, and how severe can they get?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information.\n My granddaughter was born with Klippel-Tranaunay Syndrome...There is very little information about this.  We are looking for the current research and treatments available.  She is 5 months old now and her leg seems to be most affected.  We want to get her help as soon as possible to address the symptoms and treat her condition.",
+            "output": "What is the latest research on klippel-trenaunay syndrome, and what are the treatments for it?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: spinal cord stenosos\nMESSAGE: I have acute arthritic spinal stenosis. What treatment is recommended?",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for spinal cord stenosis due to arthritis?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: questins\nMESSAGE: i am looking for the latest evidence based practice on guidelines for assessing and treating Alcohol and Opiate withdrawal. Thanks.",
+            "output": "What are the latest evidence based treatments for alcohol and opiate withdrawal?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "hello\ni am looking for information related to the above (myostatin-related muscular hypertrophy) genetic condition.\ncan you direct me to a hospital or other genetic research institution that might be doing research on this genetic condition?",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on myostatin-related muscular hypertrophy, and how can I find an organization doing research on it?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Painful menstrual periods\nMESSAGE: My wife has suffered this . How can treat this.",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for painful menstrual periods?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "I have an hernia I would love to take care off it ASAP I was wondering if you guys could help me . Thanks",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for hernia?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information\nMESSAGE: I HAVE A BOY 16 WHO JUST GOT OUT OF A PLACE THAT GAVE HIM MEDACATION,THES ARE THE MEDS.MONTELUKAST,LORATADINE,OXCARBAPINE. WHAT DISORDER ARE THEY FOR?",
+            "output": "What are the indications for montelukast, loratadine, and oxcarbazepine?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: LGMD\nMESSAGE: Dear Sir, i would like to bring your kind attention to a serious matter that my Mother has been suffering from LGMD so i would like to request you for any possible assistance regarding the treatment of this disease.  my email id is [CONTACT]",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for LGMD?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Cervical Cancer\nMESSAGE: Can a long term untreated bladder infection aid in the cause of cervical cancer? And can the fact that my mom has cervical cancer aid in my chance of getting cervical cancer?",
+            "output": "What causes cervical cancer, and is it hereditary?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "cant use site.\n I want to find a doctor who specializes in burning mouth syndrome and that could be in many specialities, I cannot understand how to do this on your website.",
+            "output": "How can I find physician(s) who specialize in burning mouth syndrome?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Good evening, I will contact you as my [NAME] a year and a half have been diagnosed with the genetic mutation STXBP1. I would like to know if there is something in the world that can help my son. I hope you contact us as soon as possible. \nGreetings [NAME]",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for genetic mutation STXBP1?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: please send me medical information about heart failer for care.\nMESSAGE: send me information about heart failer.",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for heart failure?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Kartagener's syndrome. I am suffering from Kartagener's syndrome and wanted information from you or from Dr. [NAME]. for this syndrome. (About fertility) and if possible other symptoms. Thank you.",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on kartagener's syndrome and its symptoms, including  fertility?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "pierre robins syndrome. Good Morning, Just a query for you regarding the above. Is it true to saythis is caused by an abnormal chromezone and is carried by the mother and transferred to boys only. This is supposed to happen 1 in 4. The male does not carry the jene. I would appreciate your expert information please.",
+            "output": "What are the inheritance patterns for pierre robins syndrome?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "migraine. I want to know the treatment for FHM type of migrain . I had observed the all symptoms which are same as provided in information and additionally my father and my younger sister face the acidity problem too. they feel relief after vomiting so both of them do the same by drinking warm water containing salt.",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for familial hemiplegic migraine?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Obesity Questions\nMESSAGE: Hello. My name is [NAME] and I am a junior in high school. I am currently doing a research topic on obesity and was wondering if you would be able to answer a few questions. It would be greatly appreciated if you could! Thank you! 1)What/Who is to blame for obesity? 2)Do you think putting  a tax on junk food will reduce the amount of obese people? Why or why not? 3)How can we prevent obesity? 4)What are the benefits of getting 30 minutes of exercise daily and eating healthy? 5)Should the government be more involved in the help to stop obesity? Why or why not? 6)What is the number one thing we should eat less of/ cut out of our diets? (such as, fats, carbs, sugars,etc)  Thank you for your time!",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on obesity, including causes, prevention, and treatments?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: once you open the bottle of Releev, how long is it good for?\nMESSAGE: once you open the bottle of Releev, how long is it good for?",
+            "output": "How long does releev retain its potency after opening?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: dry maculare tetinal degeneration\nMESSAGE: my grandfather had lens implants, now he has dry macular retinal degeneration.  he can hardly see!  searching for help!",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for dry macular retinal degeneration? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: is there any medicines for peristaltic movements?\nMESSAGE: I V[NAME] From [LOCATION] which is located at INDIA. I am a patient of less peristaltic movements which was digests the eaten food in 3 to 4 hours... In normal humans which was digests the eaten food in 2 to 3 hours...  I visited several hospitals in [LOCATION] which is located in INDIA...  When i was visited [LOCATION]\" Hospital at HYDERBAD in the year of 2010..  There Doctors has told there is no medicins for this problem..  Is  there any medicines to improve my  peristaltic movements?  Please Replay to My E-mail[CONTACT] and My Mobile Number is: [CONTACT]  Thanking You taking my request....",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for slow peristaltic movements? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: question about ingredients\nMESSAGE: I am currently taking 20mg generic Adderall immediate release from your company. Does this medication have gluten containing ingredients? I have Celiac disease and I am very sensitive to small amounts, so I am trying to make sure this medication is safe to take.\nThank you for any and all help.\n-[NAME]",
+            "output": "What are the ingredients of  20mg generic Adderall and it is gluten free?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "what does it means if someone blood is light.\n I took injection this night and the nurse said my blood is light, what's does that mean. Sinfe , have been worry.",
+            "output": "Why is my blood a light red?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Omege 3 Acid capsule\nMESSAGE: I am currently taking Lovaza. My pharmacy, CVS, has advised me that the above, Omega 3 Acid capsule is now available as a generic alternate. My doctor has said that she is not aware of a generic for Lovaza. Who is correct?",
+            "output": "Is there a generic version of Lovaza? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Factor 12 defeincy. I have factor 12 defiency, my GP has told me it is linked to aboriginal/ TSI heritage, is this correct ?    Thanks [NAME]",
+            "output": "Is factor 12 deficiency linked to aboriginal heritage?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: fibroadenomas\nMESSAGE: i have a fibroadenomas? my question is it can remove without surgery? taking medicine is help to reduce or remove this? or if i didnt undergo operation it is safe? because surgery is expensive here at the philippines",
+            "output": "Can fibroadenoma be treated without surgery?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: foreskin\nMESSAGE: I want to regrow my foreskin back. When will stem cell be able to regrow foreskin.",
+            "output": "Is stem cell therapy used to regrow foreskin?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: methotrexate - gluten free?\nMESSAGE: is the injection form of methotrexate gluten free?\nthanks -",
+            "output": "Is the injection form of methotrexate gluten free?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Peruvian girl\nMESSAGE: Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing you on behalf of [NAME], who is very stress and with a lot of tension,looking for HELP for her daughter [NAME].  [NAME] has a complex hearth defect called Tetralogy of Fallot, she is about 7 months old and her family dont have resources to cover her treatment in order to get her welfare.  [NAME] has a very low income, lives in a rented room with her husband and her two children, in [LOCATION] - Peru. She works at [LOCATION] and she has been taking her daughter to children hospital in [LOCATION] but she cant afford the medicines and treatment that they ask for, she is looking desperately for help for her daughter.  I was wondering if you guys have any contact here in [LOCATION] of any organization, who can help [NAME]. I have been looking but cant find or never not came back to me when I asked them.  If you please know about any organization who can help us here in [LOCATION] Peru, I will really appreciate and we can make help to give [NAME] a better life :-)  I am a Health and Social care worker and work at the hospital too with the employees. Thank you very much for your time  [NAME]  [CONTACT]",
+            "output": "Which organizations provide support for Tetralogy of Fallot in Peru?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Heat rash\nMESSAGE: I am looking for information on heat rash.  Specifically, can it look like a red line and how it appears at it resolves.\nIf information is available, I can come to the library to read hard copy text or copy photographs.\nI can be reached through email or by calling [CONTACT].\nI appreciate all the help that may be available on this important matter.",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on heat rash, including symptoms and treatment? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: high inner eye pressure above 21 possible glacoma\nMESSAGE: have seen inner eye pressure increase as I have begin taking Rizatriptan. I understand the med narrows blood vessels.  Can this med.  cause or effect the closed or wide angle issues with the eye lense/glacoma.",
+            "output": "Can Rizatriptan cause glaucoma?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "hypothyroidism.\n My doctor started me on levothyroxene 5oMCG. for 5mths.How do I know if this is  the rite dosage? Do not want to cause myself any harm by overdosing",
+            "output": "What is the normal dosage of levothyroxine for hypothyroidism?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: theoretical question\nMESSAGE: How much time you can spend at most before a cerebral aneurysm will cause death? Sorry I'm using translator because I speak and write in Spanish if they were so kind to send me the answer to [CONTACT] Thanks.",
+            "output": "What is the prognosis of cerebral aneurysm?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: adrenoleukodystrophy\nMESSAGE: A child I have been asked to work with has been diagnosed with this condition.I am so far unable to find info pertaining to this illness. Can you help??",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on adrenoleukodystrophy? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "laser hair removal treatment.\n I HAVE EXCESS HAIR GROWTH ON MY NECK AND CHIN. REASON IS MY HORMONAL IMBALANCE AND THYROID. THEY ARE BLACK HARD HAIRS. I WANT TO KNOW THAT LASER HAIR REMOVAL IS SAFE AND SATISFATORY FOR ME OR NOT? WHAT IS ITS CONSEQUENCES IN LONG TERM? WILL THE HAIR GROWTH WILL BE CONTROLLED LIFE TIME! PLEASE GUIDE ME.. ! THANKING YOU!",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on laser hair removal including long term consequences?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Hey I was just wanting to know how I can try to receive stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury using the stem cells I have banked from my newborn baby's umbilical cord tissue? If u have any information please tell me, you'll be helping to save my life!",
+            "output": "How to receive stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: spg11\nMESSAGE: My 24 year old son was recently diagnosed with  spg11 after over 15 years of trying to figure out what was wrong.  We are already doing some of the common treatments.  My question is, where do we go from here to give him the best chance at life,",
+            "output": "What are the treatments and prognosis for spg11?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: diabetes\nMESSAGE: It was really helpful after reading about type 1 diabetes but would like some more suggestions from you .my friend is 35 year old and its been 1 year of his diabetes n his sugar level is around 100 or 120 OR SO.. each time he tests his sugar level. is there ANY COMPLICATIONS? HE ALSO GO FOR EXERCISES AND BLOOD TEST EVERY 2 OR 3 MONTHS N TAKES A PROPER DIET LIKE GREEN JUICE,OLIVE OIL AND ALL. WAITING FOR YOUR FEED BACK. THANK YOU.",
+            "output": "What are the complications of type 1 diabetes?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MESSAGE: I have to start applying ciclopirox to infected toes. I know u cannot use nail polish bit can I put a band aid on once the medication has dried?",
+            "output": "Can i cover ciclopirox with bandaids?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "About Aarskog Syndrome. hi my name is [NAME] i am 21 this year and was wondering if it is connected with server  Astigmatism as i got it in my left eye. I have a mild form of As, i have the wide peek eyes and rugby shaped and missing DNA which they have discovered in MRI scans. I was diagnosed when i was born but it still seems to be in research as we speak and ever since i turned 18 i have been doing my own research and finding others around by connecting with them on Facebook. I live in the [LOCATION] and found out there are four people that have Aarskog syndrome. thank you for your time",
+            "output": "Is Astigmatism related to Aarskog Syndrome?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "GERD.\n I'm a 72 year old female, and have diverticulosis,gastritis, and esophagitis.  I tried to see three different doctors today, but all were booked.  I honestly don't know what to do.  It hurts in my chest, and I can hardly talk.",
+            "output": "How to treat chest pain potentially associated with  diverticulosis, gastritis, and esophagitis?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Ankle Injury\nMESSAGE: I got hurt in my left leg ankle almost 5 months ago. I went to doctor, got x-ray, where no damage was found. He suggested me some pain killers and advised me to wear anklet. I have been following the instruction since then; I went to another doctor who advised me to go for physiotherapy (Short Wave Diathermy) and advised me some exercises. I have been following them too. But yet now, I have not been fully recovered from the pain. Especially when I try to walk quickly or try to put pressure with my left leg, I feel pain. I am very tensed about this. Can you please suggest me how to overcome the pain. Thanks.",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for ankle injury and pain? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Ankylosing Spondylitis\nMESSAGE: Hello, My name is [NAME] and i live in india. I have suffered Ankylosing Spondylitis problem since last 2 years in lower back. so plz guid me properly how to cure this problem?  Thanks [NAME]",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for Ankylosing Spondylitis?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Ingredients\nMESSAGE: Pleease email  me a llist of 100%, all, of the ingredients iPerioMed, .63% floride concetrate Oral rinse,, alcohol rinse.\nThank you!  [NAME]",
+            "output": "What are the ingredients of PerioMed 63% fluoride concentrated oral rinse?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "ARE THERE ANY SKIN CREAMS THAT HAVE POSITIVE EFFECTS ON SKIN CANCER?? \u00a0WHICH ARE THE BEST??\u00a0[CONTACT]\u00a0",
+            "output": "What are the best creams for skin cancer? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "asthsma.\n I have been having problems w/ shortness of breath and dizziness and stress heat. what do you think? do i have asthsma or not?",
+            "output": "What are the symptoms of asthma? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - specific study. Do you have any more indepth information regarding pseudocholinesterace deficiency? My son 28 and myself 56 have this problem and we both have systemic muscle spasms. cramps contractions. Most seem to be caused by knots or trigger points. I assume this has something to do with this deficiency because it deals with neuro transmissions correct. Anyway we are looking for relief. The muscle relaxants help a bit but the knots do not go away and so the pain is still there at a deeper level. The doctors and neurologist have no idea. Thank you. [NAME]",
+            "output": "Where can I find information on pseudocholinesterase deficiency icluding treatment?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: after surgery of ear drum still same problem\nMESSAGE: i got surgery for hole in my ear drum(hole was in my ear from 5 0r 6 ears but i did not know it but when i came to know i got surgery) but after  two year surgery still i have same problem. problem in listening and continuous noise like buzzing or ringing in my right ear.so sir what should i do right now? plz sir help me. buzzing in my both has been started from last 3 year.plz help me....",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for perforated eardrum?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - specific study\nMESSAGE: LOOKING FOR HELP FOR MY NEPHEW WITH GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE.  HE LIVES IN VIRGINIA AND IS SUFFERING BADLY.  HE HAS BEEN HOSPITALIZED FOR SEVERE CRAMPING ABOUT 5 TIMES THIS YEAR SO FAR.  ANY GUIDANCE YOU COULD GIVE WOULD BE GREATLY APPRECIATED.",
+            "output": "What are the treatments for Glycogen storage disease?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MESSAGE: I have numbness/tingling in my lower right arm from elbow to my fingers. A EMG has shown nothing abnormal. I have had this for a long time, I need help.",
+            "output": "Where can I find information and treatment for numbness and tingling in lower right arm?"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: sleep apnea\nMESSAGE: I was diagnosed with sleep apnea (prolly had it for 5 years) and I have swelling issues caused from that (it has been ruled out from everything else so the doctor thinks).  I just got my cPap machine.  I was wondering how long will it take for the swelling to go away.  Thank you!",
+            "output": "How long does swelling from sleep apnea take to heal? "
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "SUBJECT: Home resources for AMD people\nMESSAGE: What specific resources are available for an elderly male living by himself at home?  My father in law is 85 years old, lives alone and has macular degeneration.  Looking for visual aids to assist him around the house.",
+            "output": "What resources are available for elderly with age-related macular degeneration?"
+        }
+    ]
+}

Text_summarization/task85_mimic_ct_brain_summarization.json

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+    "Contributors": "MIMIC",
+    "Source": "MIMIC-IV",
+    "URL": "https://www.physionet.org/content/mimic-iv-note/2.2/",
+    "Categories": [
+        "Summarization"
+    ],
+    "Definition": [
+        "Summarize the CT imaging diagnostics' detailed findings for the Brain into a concise conclusion."
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Medicine",
+        "Clinical Reports",
+        "CT",
+        "Brain"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [],
+    "Negative Examples": [],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "input": "There is no evidence of infarct, hemorrhage, or mass.  The\nventricles, cisterns, and sulci show symmetric, age-related prominence.  There\nis no fracture.",
+            "output": "Normal for age."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no evidence of acute intracranial hemorrhage, mass, mass effect or\nlarge territorial infarction.  Prominence of the ventricles and sulci is\nlikely related to age related involutional changes.  Periventricular deep\nsubcortical white matter hypodensities are likely sequelae of chronic\nmicroangiopathy.  The basilar cisterns are patent, and there is otherwise good\npreservation of the gray-white matter differentiation.\n\nMild mucosal sinus thickening is seen involving the ethmoid air cells.  The\nremainder the visualized paranasal sinuses, mastoid air cells, and middle ear\ncavities are clear.  The globes are unremarkable.\n\nCT BRAIN PERFUSION:\nCBF <30% volume: 12 cc\nTmax >6.0s volume: 12 cc\nMismatch volume: 0 cc\nMismatch ratio: 1.0",
+            "output": "No acute intracranial abnormalities identified.  Chronic microangiopathy."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "CT HEAD WITHOUT CONTRAST:\nThere is loss of the gray-white differentiation involving the left MCA\nvascular territory distribution, consistent with acute ischemic infarction. \nThere is mild sulcal effacement in the left frontal and parietal lobes in a\nsimilar distribution, compatible with cytotoxic edema.  There is no evidence\nof intracerebral hemorrhage or suspicious mass.  The ventricles and sulci are\nnormal in size and configuration.\n\nThere is no acute calvarial fracture. The visualized portion of the paranasal\nsinuses, mastoid air cells,and middle ear cavities are clear. The visualized\nportion of the orbits are normal.\n\nCT PERFUSION: RAPID perfusion maps demonstrate an area of increased mean\ntransit time with corresponding decreased region through blood volume,\nindicative portion of the left MCA territory.  Surrounding the score is a\nsmall number of the demonstrates preserved volume with a reduction in cerebral\nblood flow, indicating ischemic penumbra.  Per the RAPID perfusion maps, there\nis an approximate the mismatch volume of 351 mL with a mismatch ratio of 8.2. \nThere is significant motion artifact, which may artificially increased the\nmean transit time.\n\nCBF <30% Volume: 49 mL\nTmax>6.0s: 400 mL\nMismatch Volume: 351 mL\nMismatch ratio: 8.2",
+            "output": "1. There is loss of gray-white matter differentiation in the left the MCA\nvascular territory concerning for acute infarction.  There is a corresponding\ninfarct core with surrounding ischemic penumbra in the left frontal and\nparietal lobe on the perfusion imaging."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There has been progressive decrease in size of the bifrontal\nextra-axial collections measuring 5-mm thick on the left and 4-mm thick on the\nright today compared to 8 mm on the left and 5 mm on the right on ___. \nAs before, these collections are predominantly low in density with a higher\ndensity portion peripherally.  There is no evidence of new hemorrhage or mass.\nProminent cisterna magna is again incidentally noted.  There is no evidence of\ninterval infarct.  Osseous structures are significant only for a defect from\nthe prior burr hole decompression bilaterally.",
+            "output": "1. Continued interval decrease in size of bifrontal extra-axial collections.\n2. Status post bilateral burr hole evacuation."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Study is mildly degraded by motion.\n\nCT HEAD WITHOUT CONTRAST:\nThere is no evidence of there is hypoattenuation in the right temporal and\nparietal lobes with loss of gray-white matter differentiation, sulcal\neffacement, and there is also hypoattenuation along the insula and involving\nthe right caudate nucleus.  There is no hemorrhage.  In addition, there is a\nlarge intermediate attenuation structure which appears to extend from the\nright ICA terminus towards the middle cerebral artery bifurcation consistent\nwith a partially calcified aneurysm, with a pipeline flow diverting or noted\nextending from the cavernous internal carotid artery through the M1 segment on\nthe right.  This measures 3.9 x 2.6 cm.  There are prominent calcifications of\nthe bilateral carotid siphons.\n\n No hydrocephalus.  Mild prominence of the ventricle and sulci reflecting\nvolume loss is noted.\n\nThe visualized portion of the there is mild mucosal thickening in the\nmaxillary sinuses and ethmoid air cells, with sclerosis and thickening of the\nwalls of the right maxillary sinus likely reflecting the sequelae of chronic\nsinus disease.  There is deformity of the right mandibular condyle likely\nreflecting old trauma.  Poor dentition, with the remaining teeth showing\ndental caries.  The mastoid air cells,and middle ear cavities are clear. The\nvisualized portion of the orbits are unremarkable.\n\n\nCT PERFUSION: RAPID perfusion maps demonstrate perfusion defect in the right\nmiddle cerebral artery territory with quantitative values as below:\n\nCBF<30% volume: 89 mL\nTmax>6.0s volume: 264 mL\nMismatch volume: 175 mL\nMismatch ratio: 3.0",
+            "output": "1. Findings consistent with ischemia in the right middle cerebral artery\nterritory with perfusion defect as detailed above, mismatch volume of 175 mL. \nNo hemorrhage.\n2. There is a large approximately 3.9 cm calcified aneurysm likely arising\nfrom the right internal carotid artery terminus and projecting laterally\ntowards the middle cerebral artery, with a flow diverting stent in place. \nThis examination does not include a formal angiogram for assessment of stent\npatency or aneurysm patency.\n\nNOTIFICATION:\n The findings were discussed with ___, M.D. by ___, M.D.\non the telephone on ___ at 12:25 pm, 3 minutes after discovery of the\nfindings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "CT Head: There is no evidence of hemorrhage, mass effect, edema, or\ninfarction. The ventricles and sulci are normal in size and configuration. \nThere is age-appropriate diffuse parenchymal volume loss with commensurate\nprominence of the ventricles and sulci.  There is nonspecific periventricular\nand subcortical white matter hypodensities, likely sequela of chronic small\nvessel microangiopathy.\n\nAerosolized secretions are seen in the left posterior ethmoid air cells.  Mild\nmucosal thickening is noted in the right posterior ethmoid air cells. \nOtherwise, the remaining paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear. \nThe orbits are unremarkable.\n\nCTA head:  The major intracranial arterial vasculature is patent without\nevidence of stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysm.  There is an azygos anterior\ncerebral artery, which is a normal variant.  A fenestration is noted along the\nright A1 branch of the anterior cerebral artery, adjacent to confluence of the\nright and left A1 branches (series 4: Image 242).  A small infundibulum is\nnoted at the origin of the left internal choroidal artery.\n\nCT Perfusion:  The perfusion maps appear unremarkable.  There is no evidence\nof delayed transit time, or reduced blood volume, or reduced blood flow.\n\nCTA Neck:   The common carotid and vertebral arteries and their major branches\nare patent with no evidence of stenoses.  There is calcified atherosclerotic\nplaque in the distal common carotid artery extending to the origins of the\nright internal and external carotid arteries.  There is no evidence of right\ninternal carotid  by NASCET criteria.  There is calcified and noncalcified\nplaque at the origin of the left internal carotid artery with an approximately\n50% stenosis by NASCET criteria.\n\nAtherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the aortic arch, bilateral\nvertebral artery origins, bilateral carotid siphons, and carotid bifurcations.\nThere is a 3 vessel aortic arch.  Tiny subcentimeter hypodensities are seen in\nthe right thyroid lobe, likely thyroid nodules.  ___ College of Radiology\nguidelines do not suggest further evaluation for incidental thyroid nodules of\nthis size.  Emphysematous changes are seen in the bilateral lung apices. \nRespiratory motion artifact limits evaluation for small pulmonary nodules.",
+            "output": "1.  No evidence of infarction or hemorrhage.\n2.  50% stenosis at the origin of the left internal carotid artery.\n3. The major intracranial arterial vasculature is patent without evidence of\nstenosis, occlusion, or aneurysm.\n4.  The carotid and vertebral arteries and their major branches are patent\nwithout evidence of stenoses.\n5.  Chronic small vessel ischemic disease and age appropriate involutional\nchanges.\n6.  Emphysematous changes are incidentally seen in the bilateral lung apices."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "CT head perfusion:\n\nRAPID analysis of perfusion images not available, as scan was performed on a\nscanner which does not contain software.\n\nOLEA analysis-these numbers are not validated and study:\nThere is decrease cerebral blood flow left MCA distribution, volume 0.6 mL.\nProlonged T-max left MCA distribution, volume 26 mm.\n\nColor maps:\nOn color maps there is no abnormality on the CBV.\nSmall area of decreased CBF left MCA distribution cortex and corona radiata M\n5 zone.\nModerate zone of prolonged T-max in the left MCA distribution, M4, M 5, M 6\nzone.\nModerate zone of prolonged T-max right MCA distribution.",
+            "output": "1. No RAPID analysis available.\n2. Visual color maps demonstrate prolonged mean transit time bilateral MCA,\nleft greater than right.  Small area of decreased cerebral blood flow left MCA\ndistribution.\n3. OLEA analysis as above, not validated in a study."
+        }
+    ]
+}

Text_summarization/task88_mimic_ct_spine_summarization.json

@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+{
+    "Contributors": "MIMIC",
+    "Source": "MIMIC-IV",
+    "URL": "https://www.physionet.org/content/mimic-iv-note/2.2/",
+    "Categories": [
+        "Summarization"
+    ],
+    "Definition": [
+        "Summarize the CT imaging diagnostics' detailed findings for the Spine into a concise conclusion."
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Medicine",
+        "Clinical Reports",
+        "CT",
+        "Spine"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [],
+    "Negative Examples": [],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "input": "There is no evidence of acute fracture in the cervical spine. There is 3 mm\nretrolisthesis of C4 on C5, which is chronic appearing and unchanged from the\nprior exam. Severe, multilevel degenerative change is noted mostpronounced at\nC4-5  with moderate to severe spinal canal narrowing.  There is moderate\nmultilevel uncovertebral and facet joint hypertrophy.\n\nNo prevertebral soft tissue swelling is present. The patient is status post\nthyroidectomy with surgical clips seen in the thyroid bed.",
+            "output": "No evidence of acute fracture or change in alignment.\n\nMultilevel degenerative change noted throughout the cervical spine most severe\nat C4-5 with moderate central canal narrowing."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is preserved.No fractures are identified.Mild degenerative changes\nincluding intervertebral disc height loss at C4-5.  Left worse than right\nfacet joint hypertrophy spans C2-3 through C4-5 without significant canal or\nforaminal narrowing.  There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.\n\nThyroid is unremarkable.  Dense atherosclerotic calcifications noted in the\ncarotid arteries.",
+            "output": "No evidence of acute fracture or traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Exaggerated thoracic kyphosis causes oblique quit T of the cervical spine on\naxial images, limiting evaluation.  The bones are demineralized.  There is a\nfracture of the anterior superior corner of C5 of unknown chronicity, image\n602:32, with associated disc bulge.  No definite prevertebral edema is seen. \nThere is associated 2 mm retrolisthesis of C4 on C5 without disc space\nwidening.  There is also 1-2 mm anterolisthesis of C6 on C7 with anterior disc\nspace widening.  There is 1 mm anterolisthesis of C7 on T1 without disc space\nwidening.\n\nDisc protrusions and endplate osteophytes mildly indent the ventral thecal sac\nat multiple levels.  There is multilevel neural foraminal narrowing by\nuncovertebral and facet osteophytes.\n\nThere is calcified pleural/parenchymal scarring and mild emphysema the\nvisualized lung apices. Partially visualized thyroid gland is unremarkable. \nMultifocal arterial calcifications are noted.  This exam is not technically\noptimized for evaluation of the included brain parenchyma, which is better\nassessed on the head CT from 1 day earlier on ___.",
+            "output": "1. C4 anterior superior corner fracture of unknown chronicity.  Associated 2\nmm retrolisthesis of C4 on C5 without disc space widening, and a disc bulge\nwithout definite prevertebral edema.\n2. 1-2 mm anterolisthesis of C6 and C7.  Associated anterior disc space\nwidening, which may be secondary to traumatic injury versus sequela of the\nexaggerated cervical lordosis in the setting of exaggerated thoracic kyphosis.\n3. 1 mm anterolisthesis and C7 of T1, likely degenerative.\n4. Multilevel degenerative disease.\n5. Mild emphysema at the included lung apices.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Cervical spine MRI to assess for ligamentous and other\nsoft tissue injury.\n\nNOTIFICATION:  Impression items 1 and 2 and the recommendation for MRI were\ndiscussed over the telephone by Dr. ___ with Dr. ___ in the emergency\ndepartment on ___ at approximately 10:00."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Multilevel degenerate changes are seen about C5 and C6 without evidence of\nacute fracture or malalignment.\nThere is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe lung apices are unremarkable.  The thyroid is heterogeneous with a 2.6 cm\nright lower lobe nodule that can be evaluated with follow-up imaging for\nfurther characterization.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of acute fracture or dislocation..\n2. Multilevel degenerate changes are seen about C5 and C6 with disc space\nnarrowing.\n3. 2.6 cm right lower thyroid nodule that can be further assessed with\nfollow-up ultrasound.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Recommend follow-up ultrasound for right lower thyroid\nnodule if clinically appropriate once patient is stabilized."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.  There are moderate to\nsevere degenerative changes from C3 through C6 characterized by endplate\nosteophyte formation, loss of intervertebral disc height, and anterior wedging\nof the C4 vertebral body, findings which have progressed since ___. No\nprevertebral soft tissue swelling is demonstrated.",
+            "output": "Multilevel degenerative changes, progressed since ___, predominantly from C3\nthrough C6, however no evidence of acute fracture or malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no fracture or prevertebral soft tissue fluid.  The imaged cervical\nand upper thoracic vertebral bodies are normally aligned.  There is mild\nmultilevel cervical spine degenerative change, with mild disc height loss,\nendplate sclerosis, and intervertebral osteophytes.  There is mild spinal\ncanal narrowing worst at C4-5 due to a posterior central disc bulge (series 3,\nimage 45).  There is mild neural foraminal narrowing worst on the right at\nC3-4 (series 3 image 39) and C5-6 (series 3, image 55) due to uncovertebral\nosteophytes.\n\nThe thyroid is unremarkable.  There is no cervical lymphadenopathy.  The\npartially imaged lung apices are clear.",
+            "output": "1. No cervical or upper thoracic spine fracture or prevertebral fluid.  No\nmalalignment.\n2. Mild multilevel cervical spine degenerative change, as above."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No fracture is seen involving the cervical spine.  Multilevel degenerative\ndisc disease is noted extending from C4 through C7 with disc space narrowing\nnoted.  Subtle anterolisthesis of C2 on 3 and C3 on 4 is likely chronic.  No\nprevertebral edema is seen.  There is a cystic structure in the right\nsupraclavicular fossa best seen on series 3, image 55 measuring 2.9 x 3.9 x\n2.4 cm.  This cystic lesion is partially calcified along the periphery and\ncentral attenuation suggests simple fluid content.  The thyroid gland is\npartially visualized and appears normal.",
+            "output": "1. No fracture.  Subtle anterolisthesis of C2 and C3 likely chronic, though\nclinical correlation advised.\n2. Degenerative changes as stated.\n3. Cystic lesion within the right supraclavicular fossa measuring 2.9 x 3.9 x\n2.4 cm, is indeterminate.  Please correlate clinically, consider ultrasound or\nMRI to further assess."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified. There is no evidence of\nspinal canal or neural foraminal stenosis.  There is intervertebral disc space\nnarrowing and subchondral sclerosis of the lower cervical vertebral bodies\ncompatible with degenerative changes, most significant in C5-C7.  There is\ndiffuse left-sided facet arthropathy of the cervical spine.  There is no\nprevertebral soft tissue swelling. There is no evidence of infection or\nneoplasm.  Severe emphysematous changes are noted in the partially visualized\nlung apices.  The cervical esophagus appears patulous.",
+            "output": "1.  No evidence of fracture or malalignment.\n2.  Moderate degenerative changes in the cervical spine.\n3.  Severe emphysematous changes in the lung apices."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is mild straightening of the cervical spine.  No fractures are\nidentified.There are moderate multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical\nspine with multilevel central disc protrusion and effacement of the ventral\nthecal sac.  There is mild to moderate central canal stenosis from C2 through\nC7.  There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.There is no evidence of\ninfection or neoplasm.  There is diffuse osteopenia. The thyroid and partially\nvisualized bilateral lung apex are grossly unremarkable.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of acute cervical spine fracture.\n2. Moderate multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine with mild to\nmoderate central canal stenosis."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is loss of normal cervical spinal lordosis; alignment is otherwise\nnormal.  No fractures are identified.There is mild spinal canal narrowing at\nC6-C7 secondary to degeneration.  There is no significant foraminal\nnarrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.  There is calcification at the left\ncarotid siphon.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute cervical fractures."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Straightening of the typical cervical lordosis.  Otherwise, the alignment is\nnormal.  No acute cervical spine fractures are identified.There is no\nsignificant canal or foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute cervical spine fracture or traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Cervical vertebral bodies are maintained in height and alignment.  There is no\nfracture. There is preservation of the normal cervical lordosis.  Prevertebral\nsoft tissues are unremarkable. Mild degenerative changes with anterior\nosteophyte formation at the C3 and C4 level as well as C5 level are noted.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No fracture or malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No acute cervical spine fractures are identified. There\nis no critical spinal canal stenosis. There is no prevertebral soft tissue\nswelling.  Mild degenerative changes with anterior osteophyte formation at C3,\nC4, and C5 are similar to prior.  The lung apices are clear, the thyroid gland\nappears unremarkable.",
+            "output": "There is no evidence of acute cervical spine fracture or traumatic\nmalalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No acute fractures are identified.Degenerative changes\nwith anterior osteophytes at C3-C4 and C5 the remained stable since the prior\nexamination.  There is mild, stable, multilevel central canal narrowing. \nAnterior soft tissue superior similar to comparison examination.\n\nThe visualized thyroid and lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "1. No acute abnormality."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.There is no significant\ncanal or foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No fractures or dislocations."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Dental amalgam streak artifact limits study.  There is straightening of\ncervical lordosis.  No fractures are identified.Multilevel degenerative\nchanges of the cervical spine are again noted, including loss of\nintervertebral disc height, disc osteophyte complexes and facet joint\nhypertrophy, with at least mild vertebral canal narrowing at C4-5. There is no\nprevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "1. Dental amalgam streak artifact limits study.\n2. No cervical spine fracture or traumatic malalignment.\n3. Multilevel degenerative changes cervical spine as described, with at least\nmild vertebral canal narrowing at C4-5."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No acute fractures are identified.  Chronic deformity of\nthe right first rib is noted.  There is no significant canal or foraminal\nnarrowing.  There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.\n\nThyroid and lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or traumatic subluxation of the cervical spine."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.There is no significant\ncanal or foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No cervical spine fracture or malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The cervical spine alignment is normal. No acute cervical spine fractures are\nidentified.  Mild degenerative changes of the cervical spine consistent with\nanterior and posterior spondylosis, more significant from C3-C4 through C6-C7\nlevels.  There is no evidence of severe spinal canal or neural foraminal\nstenosis. There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.  The lung apices are\nclear, the thyroid gland appears unremarkable.",
+            "output": "1.  No acute fracture or traumatic subluxation.\n\n2.  Multilevel degenerative changes throughout cervical spine, more\nsignificant from C3-C4 through C6-C7 levels."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.There is no significant\ncanal or foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified.Mild multiple degenerative\nchanges of the cervical spine with anterior and posterior osteophytes,\nendplate sclerosis and disc space narrowing.  There is mild asymmetry of the\nleft atlantooccipital joint due to patient head rotation.  There is a small\ndisc bulge at C4-C5 causing mild canal narrowing, better characterized on MR\ncervical spine from ___.  Mild left neural foraminal narrowing at C5-C6 and\nC6-C7 from facet and uncovertebral hypertrophy is unchanged. There is no\nevidence of new spinal canal or neural foraminal stenosis. There is no\nprevertebral soft tissue swelling.\n\n There is no evidence of infection or neoplasm.  There is subtle fat stranding\nalong the left lower lateral neck (03:42) without associated fluid collection.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or acute malalignment.\n2. Mild multilevel degenerative changes of cervical spine with small posterior\ndisc bulge at C4-C5 causing mild canal narrowing as well as C5-C6 and C6-C7\nmild left neural foraminal narrowing, unchanged from ___ MR.\n3. Mild fat stranding of left lower lateral neck likely represents seat belt\ninjury with soft tissue contusion."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no evidence for a fracture.  There is near complete fusion of C3 and\nC4 vertebral bodies and right C3-C4 facet joint, and complete fusion of the\nleft C3-C4 facet joint.  There is mild anterolisthesis of C4 on C5 and mild\nretrolisthesis of C5 on C6.  There is a levoconvex curvature centered in the\nthoracic spine, incompletely evaluated.  There is advanced disc space\nnarrowing with endplate cystic changes and endplate osteophytes from C4-C5\nthrough C6-C7.  There is also ossification of the anterior longitudinal\nligament at C5-C6 through C6-C7.\n\nC2-C3: No significant spinal canal narrowing.  Mild right neural foraminal\nnarrowing by facet osteophytes.\n\nC3-C4: Broad-based posterior endplate osteophytes minimally indent the ventral\nthecal sac.  Mild to moderate right and moderate left neural foraminal\nnarrowing by uncovertebral and facet osteophytes.\n\nC4-C5: Central disc protrusion and overlying endplate osteophytes indent the\nventral thecal sac with mild-to-moderate spinal canal narrowing.  Also\nmoderate right and severe left neural foraminal narrowing by uncovertebral and\nfacet osteophytes.\n\nC5-C6: Broad-based central disc protrusion and overlying endplate osteophytes,\nlarger on the right than left, cause moderate spinal canal narrowing.  There\nis severe, right greater than left neural foraminal narrowing by uncovertebral\nand facet osteophytes.\n\nC6-C7: Small central disc protrusion may minimally indent the ventral thecal\nsac.  There is moderate right and moderate to severe left neural foraminal\nnarrowing by uncovertebral and facet osteophytes.\n\nC7-T1: No significant spinal canal narrowing.  Moderate narrowing of the\ndistal right neural foramen by facet osteophytes.  Moderate to severe\nnarrowing of the left neural foramen by facet osteophytes.\n\nThis exam is not technically optimized for evaluation of the included brain\nparenchyma.  Visualized posterior fossa appears grossly unremarkable.  The\nthyroid is grossly unremarkable.  Visualized upper lungs are clear.",
+            "output": "1. Multilevel cervical degenerative disease with up to moderate spinal canal\nstenosis at C5-C6, as well as up to severe multilevel neural foraminal\nnarrowing.\n2. Ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament from C5 C6 through C6.\n3. No evidence for a fracture.\n4. Near complete fusion of C3 and C4.\n5. Mild anterolisthesis of C4 on C5 and mild retrolisthesis of C5 on C6 is\nlikely degenerative, though there are no comparison exams to confirm\nchronicity."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified.There is minimal multilevel\nosteophytosis and intervertebral disc height loss with incidental note made of\nC4-C5 facet arthrosis on the left.  No significant osseous spinal canal or\nneural foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.\nThere is no evidence of infection or neoplasm.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of fracture or malalignment.\n2. Minimal cervical spine osteoarthritis."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no acute fracture or traumatic malalignment.  There is no\nprevertebral soft tissue swelling.  There is no significant spinal canal\nstenosis or neural foraminal narrowing.\nThe thyroid gland is unremarkable.  Minimal paraseptal emphysema is noted in\nthe lung apices.  There is no cervical lymphadenopathy.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Postoperative changes of spinal fusion identified from L3 to L5 level.  There\nis no compression fracture seen.  At L2-3 level there is spinal canal\nnarrowing identified.  At L3-4 L4-5 and L5-S1 levels laminectomies are seen. \nAt L4-5 grade 1 spondylolisthesis of L4 over L5 seen.  There is no evidence of\nspondylolysis at L2 level.  Vascular calcifications are identified.  No\ncompression fracture is seen.  The metallic implants appear unchanged in\nposition compared to the previous CT of ___ with left L5 screw\nprojecting anteriorly.  No lucencies are seen surrounding the implants.",
+            "output": "1. Postoperative changes are identified.  Spinal stenosis is seen at L2-3\nlevel above the level of surgery.  This is better demonstrated on the MRI of\nthe same day.  No evidence of an acute fracture identified.  Osteopenia seen."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The lumbar spine alignment appears maintained.No acute lumbar spine fractures\nare identified.Mild degenerative changes are visualized in the lower lumbar\nspine consistent with diffuse disc bulging at L3-L4, causing mild anterior\nthecal sac deformity and mild bilateral neural foraminal narrowing,\nadditionally there is mild articular joint facet hypertrophy with sclerotic\nchanges.\n\nAt L4-5 level, there is diffuse disc bulge causing mild bilateral neural\nforaminal narrowing, mild bilateral articular joint facet hypertrophy is seen.\n\nAt L5-S1 level, there is a prominent osteophytic formation causing anterior\nthecal sac deformity, mild diffuse disc bulge is seen causing mild bilateral\nneural foraminal narrowing, there is also mild articular joint facet\nhypertrophy.\n\nThe sacroiliac joints and the visualized paravertebral structures are\nunremarkable, vascular atherosclerotic calcifications are seen in the\nabdominal aorta and iliac arteries.",
+            "output": "1. There is no evidence of lumbar spine fracture or lumbar spine malalignment.\n2. Mild-to-moderate multilevel degenerative changes throughout the lower\nlumbar spine, more significant at L3-L4, L4-5 and L5-S1 levels.\nPREVALENCE:  Prevalence of lumbar degenerative disk disease in subjects\nwithout low back pain:\nOverall evidence of disk degeneration 91% (decreased T2 signal, height loss,\nbulge)\nT2 signal loss 83%\nDisk height loss 58%\nDisk protrusion 32%\nAnnular fissure 38%\nJarvik, et all.  Spine ___ 26(10):1158-1166\nLumbar spinal stenosis prevalence- present in approximately 20% of\nasymptomatic adults over ___ years old\n___, et al, Spine Journal ___ 9 (7):545-550\n\nThese findings are so common in asymptomatic persons that they must be\ninterpreted with caution and in context of the clinical situation."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.There is no significant\ncanal or foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No cervical spine fracture or malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The cervical spine alignment is normal.  No acute cervical spine fractures are\nidentified.There is no significant canal or foraminal narrowing.There is no\nprevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.  Endotracheal tube and\nenteric tube are noted.  Several foci of gas are present behind the left\nclavicle, please see separate CT chest from the same day.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment in the cervical spine.\nSeveral foci of gas are present posterior to the left clavicle.  Please see\nsame-day CT chest for further description of these findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified. There is no evidence of\nspinal canal or neural foraminal stenosis. There is no prevertebral soft\ntissue swelling. Within the limits of this noncontrast study, there is no\nevidence of infection or neoplasm.  The lung apices appear clear.  The thyroid\ngland is preserved.  Scattered subcentimeter nonspecific lymph nodes are noted\nthroughout the neck bilaterally, without definite enlargement by CT size\ncriteria.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of acute fracture or traumatic malalignment.\n2. Nonspecific subcentimeter cervical lymph nodes as described, which may be\nreactive."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Exam is mildly motion degraded at the C2 level.  Alignment is normal.  No\nfractures are identified.There is no significant canal or foraminal\nnarrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No fracture or malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Minimal anterolisthesis of C4 on C5 is likely degenerative.No fractures are\nidentified.There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.  There is no severe\nneuroforaminal or spinal canal narrowing.  Multilevel degenerative changes\npresent with disc height loss, facet arthropathy, osteophytosis, worse from C5\nthrough C7.  A hemangioma is present in the T3 vertebral body, partially\nvisualized\n\nSurgical clips are consistent with prior right partial thyroidectomy.  Right\napical lung scarring is re-demonstrated, minimally more prominent than in\n___.  Calcified left cervical and axillary some lymphadenopathy is\nre-demonstrated consistent with prior granulomatous infection.",
+            "output": "1. No fracture or traumatic malalignment in the cervical spine.\n2. Multilevel degenerative changes mild anterolisthesis of C4 on C5, likely\ndegenerative."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.  There is no evidence of\nspinal canal or neural foraminal narrowing.  There is no evidence of infection\nor neoplasm.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified.Multilevel degenerative\nchanges are noted with loss of disc height and mild anterior and posterior\nosteophytes worse at C4-5 and C5-6.  Small disc osteophyte complexes at C4-5\nand C5-6 indent the thecal sac anteriorly. There is no prevertebral soft\ntissue swelling.",
+            "output": "No evidence of fracture or traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Motion artifact limits assessment, study was repeated twice.\n\nPatient is in a collar.  Alignment is maintained.\n\nNo acute cervical spine fractures are identified.\n\nMild multilevel posterior disc osseous complex, early uncovertebral arthrosis\nand facet hypertrophy, most pronounced at C2-C3 and C4-C5 and C6/C7 with up to\nmild central canal narrowing, but no significant neural foraminal narrowing.\n\nThere is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.  The thyroid is mildly\nheterogeneous, but no discrete thyroid nodules are identified.\n\nThe imaged lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of acute cervical spine fracture or traumatic malalignment.\n2. Mild, multilevel degenerative changes."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No acute fracture.  There is retrolisthesis of L2 on L3 as well as L3 on L4,\nlikely degenerative nature.  There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling. \nMultilevel, multifactorial degenerative changes are identified with extensive\nvacuum disc phenomenon, disc space narrowing, endplate osteophyte formation\nand irregularity.  There is also extensive facet hypertrophy throughout the\nentire lumbar spine.  There is a large disc bulge at L4 to L5 causing at least\nmoderate spinal canal stenosis and a disc bulge at L5-S1 causing moderate to\nsevere spinal canal narrowing.  There is also likely narrowing of the left\nneural foramen at L4-L5 as well as bilateral neural foraminal narrowing at\nL5-S1.\n\nEvaluation of the paraspinal soft tissues demonstrate moderate atherosclerotic\ndisease of the abdominal aorta.  There is sigmoid diverticulosis.  Coarse\ncalcifications are noted within the uterus.  A 2 mm nonobstructing stone is\nnoted in the interpolar region of the left kidney.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture of the lumbar spine.\n2. Extensive multilevel degenerative changes as described above, most severe\nat L4-L5 and L5-S1 with moderate to severe neural foraminal narrowing and\nspinal canal stenosis.\n3. Sigmoid diverticulosis.\n4. 2 mm punctate non obstructing left renal stone."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No spine fractures are identified.There is no\nsignificant canal or foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nRight clavicular and left posterior second rib fracture are seen on concurrent\nCT torso.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.  Endotracheal and\nenteric tubes are partially visualized.",
+            "output": "No acute cervical fracture or subluxation."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is mild-to-moderate dextroscoliosis of the mid lumbosacral spine\ncentered at approximately L3.  Mild right lateral spinal listhesis of L4 on L5\nis unchanged.  Otherwise, the imaged lumbar vertebral bodies are normally\naligned.  Vertebral body heights are preserved.  Mild anterior wedging of T12\nis unchanged since the prior MR ___.  Minimal anterior height\nloss of T11 is likely physiologic.  Elsewhere, there is no evidence of lumbar\nspine fracture or traumatic malalignment.  A right L5 pars defect is\nunchanged.\n\nThere is severe multilevel, multifactorial lumbar spine degenerative change. \nAlthough the degree of spinal canal and neural foraminal narrowing is not well\nassessed by CT, there is probably at least moderate spinal canal narrowing at\nL4-5 due to a posterior disc bulge/protrusion (series 2, image 85). \nMultilevel neural foraminal narrowing appears severe on the right at L5-S1 and\non the left at L4-5 (see series 602b, images 42 and 31).  There are no\nconcerning focal lytic or sclerotic osseous lesions identified.  There is\ndiffuse subjective osseous demineralization.\n\nThere is severe infrarenal abdominal aortic calcification without aneurysm or\ndilation.  There is no evidence of retroperitoneal mesenteric lymphadenopathy.\nNo evidence of acute focal abnormality within the imaged retroperitoneum,\nabdomen, or pelvis.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of fracture or new malalignment within the lumbar spine.\n2. Within limitation of CT scan, no appreciable interval change in severe\nmultilevel, multifactorial lumbar spine degenerative change causing multilevel\nspinal canal and neural foraminal narrowing which is suboptimally assessed by\nCT.  Grossly, there is unchanged spinal canal narrowing which is at least\nmoderate and most pronounced at L4-5 due to disc disease, as well as left L4-5\nand right L5-S1 severe neural foraminal narrowing, also not appreciably\nchanged."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The imaged cervical vertebral bodies are normally aligned.  Re- demonstrated\nis C5-7 anterior spinal fusion hardware which appears intact without evidence\nof fracture, perihardware lucency to suggest loosening, or other hardware\nrelated complication.  Osseous ankylosis of the C5 through C7 vertebral bodies\nis unchanged.  There is no evidence of fracture through the fused vertebral\nbodies.  The facet joints are normally aligned.  There is trace prevertebral\nfluid primarily seen at the level of C4-5 (2, 40), new from the prior exam of\n___.  There is no discrete fracture or new malalignment seen.  There\nis mild multilevel cervical spine degenerative change.  Mild spinal canal\nnarrowing is most pronounced at C3-4 due to a posterior disc bulge (3, 30). \nMild neural foraminal narrowing is most pronounced on the right at C5-6 (3,\n44) due to uncovertebral osteophytosis.\n\nCarotid bulb calcifications are noted bilaterally.  The thyroid gland is\nmildly heterogeneous and demonstrates internal calcifications but without\ndiscrete, measurable nodule.  A calcified right level III calcified focus is\nunchanged, possibly phleobliths with a venolymphatic malformation or a\ncalcified lymph node. Otherwise, there is no cervical lymphadenopathy. \nPartially visualized is right mastoid air cell opacification.",
+            "output": "1. New trace prevertebral edema is noted, nonspecific. It is difficult to\nexclude ligamentous injury given this appearance. If clinically indicated, MRI\nwould better assess for ligamentous injury.\n2. Otheriwse, no CT evidence of cervical spine fracture or malalignment.\n3. Intact C5-7 anterior spinal fusion hardware without evidence of\ncomplication.\n4. Mild multilevel cervical spine degenerative change causing mild right-sided\nneural foraminal narrowing at C4-5.  No spinal canal stenosis.\n5. Right mastoid air cell opacification.\n6. Unchanged right level III calcified focus, venolymphatic malformation\nversus calcified lymph node."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no traumatic malalignment.  No acute fracture is identified.  Patient\nis status post anterior spinal fusion from C5 through C7 with osseous fusion\nat those levels.  Postsurgical changes are noted along the posterior vertebral\nbodies at C5 through C7.  Mild spinal canal narrowing at C3-4 due to\nuncovertebral hypertrophy and disc protrusion is stable.  There is no\nprevertebral soft tissue swelling.  Calcified nodules in the thyroid are\nunchanged.  Sclerotic focus at T2 is likely a bone island, unchanged.  A 13 mm\nsoft tissue nodule with internal calcification in the neck on the right is\nstable and may represent a vascular/lymphatic malformation or calcified lymph\nnode.  Mucosal thickening of the subglottic airway is overall stable, mildly\nnarrowing the level of the false and true cords.  This is likely due to post\nradiation changes.",
+            "output": "1. No traumatic malalignment or acute fracture.\n2. Postsurgical changes from anterior spinal fusion from C5 through C7."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Again noted is a displaced type 2 dens fracture, with approximally 9 mm of\nposterior displacement of the superior fracture fragment, and 2 mm of inferior\ndisplacement, overall not significantly changed in alignment allowing for\ndifferences in patient positioning.  A posterior portion of sheared cortex\nwhich is bowed is similar to prior.  There has been interval minimal increase\nin sclerosis of the fracture lines, with no significant interosseous bridging.\nPosterior subluxation of the lateral masses of C1 with respect to C2 is\nsimilar to prior.  There is associated narrowing of the spinal canal at C1,\nwith no definite associated cord impingement.  Tiny ossific fragments anterior\nto the dens are similar to prior, and may represent calcification of the\nlongus ___.  There has been interval slight decrease in prevertebral soft\ntissue swelling.\n\nAlignment is otherwise maintained, with no additional fractures seen.  Mild\nmultilevel degenerative changes throughout the remainder of the cervical spine\nare similar to prior.\n\nA 1.6 x 1.2 cm calcified right thyroid nodule is not significantly changed.",
+            "output": "Re- demonstration of a posteriorly and inferiorly displaced type 2 dens\nfracture, with associated posterior subluxation of the lateral masses of C1,\nand narrowing of the spinal canal without definite cord impingement, not\nsignificantly changed in alignment allowing for differences in patient\npositioning.  There has been interval minimal sclerosis of the fracture line,\nwith no significant interosseous bridging."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "CERVICAL SPINE:\nMild to moderate degenerative changes are seen in the cervical spine with\nexaggeration of the normal cervical lordosis.\n\nWithin the limits of this noncontrast study there is no evidence of infection\nor neoplasm.  There is a hypodensity with calcifications within the right\nthyroid lobe, measuring up to 2.8 cm (series 3: Image 90), as well as a\nhypodensity within the left thyroid lobe, measuring up to approximately 1.0\ncm, likely thyroid nodules.  Extensive atherosclerotic vascular calcifications\nare noted.\n\nThere is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.. The visualized portion of the\nposterior fossa, cervicomedullary junction, paranasal sinuses and lung\napicesare preserved.\n\nAt the C1-2, there is a chronic appearing type II odontoid process fracture\nwith approximately 8 mm of posterior displacement of the odontoid fracture\nfragment, which is stable compared to the prior CT exam in ___. \nAgain seen is posterior subluxation of the lateral masses of C1 with respect\nto C2, also not significantly changed since the prior study.\n\nThere is mild sclerosis surrounding the fracture site which is reflective of\nhealing, without evidence of significant interval intraosseous bridging or\ncallus formation, potentially concerning for nonunion.\n\n At C2-3 there is no vertebral canal narrowing.  Mild bilateral neural\nforaminal narrowing is noted due to facet joint hypertrophy and uncovertebral\nhypertrophy.\n\nAt C3-4 there is mild posterior disc bulge which is seen narrowing the ventral\nCSF space.  No evidence of neural foraminal stenosis.\n\nAt C4-5 there is mild posterior disc bulge, uncovertebral hypertrophy, and\nbilateral facet joint hypertrophy causing narrowing of the vertebral canal\nwith contact upon the ventral thecal sac and mild bilateral neural foraminal\nstenosis.\n\nAt C5-6 there is mild posterior disc bulge and uncovertebral hypertrophy which\ncauses narrowing of the central CSF space without evidence of neural foraminal\nstenosis.\n\nAt C6-7 there is no vertebral canal or neural foraminal stenosis.\n\nAt C7-T1 there is no vertebral canal or neural foraminal stenosis.",
+            "output": "1. At the C1-C2, there is unchanged appearance of a known type 2 odontoid\nprocess fracture with continued 8 mm of posterior displacement of the fracture\nfragment as well as persistent posterior subluxation of the lateral masses of\nC1 moved respect to C2 since the prior exam in ___.  No evidence\nof significant interval intraosseous bridging or callus formation, which is\nconcerning for potential nonunion.\n2. Multilevel mild degenerative changes are seen throughout the cervical\nspine.\n3. A calcified right thyroid nodule is similar to prior exam in ___, but should be further evaluated with a dedicated thyroid ultrasound.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Point 3.  A calcified right thyroid nodule is similar to\nprior exam in ___, measuring up to 2.8 cm (series 3: Image 90),\nevaluation with a dedicated thyroid ultrasound is recommended for further\ncharacterization."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Again seen is a transverse fracture through the anterior right arch of C1 and\ncomminuted fracture of the posterior right arch of C1.There is anterolateral\ndistraction of the right lateral mass of C1 with respect to the remainder of\nthe C1 vertebral body.  This appears increased compared to ___,\neven allowing for differences in planes of scanning (for example,\nanterolateral distraction measuring 8 mm on axial view at 2:20, previously 5\nmm, or 10 mm on coronal view on 601b:20, previously 7 mm).An ossific fragment\nadjacent to the dens compatible with transverse ligament avulsion.  However,\nthe interval between the anterior and posterior arches of C1 and the dens\nremains preserved.There is persistent mild edema anterior to the C1 and C2\nvertebral bodies.\n\nThere is widening of the articulations of the the C1-2 lateral masses\nbilaterally.  This appears unchanged since the prior study.\n\nAgain seen is expansion and sclerosis of the body in ankle of the left\nmandible most suggestive of fibrous dysplasia.  Within the limits of this\nnoncontrast exam, there is no evidence of infection or neoplasm.",
+            "output": "1. Increased anterolateral distraction of the right lateral mass of C1 with\nrespect the remainder of the C1 vertebral body.\n2. Findings compatible with transverse ligament avulsion.  However, the\ninterval between the anterior and posterior arches of C1 and the dens remain\npreserved, unchanged.\n\nNOTIFICATION:  The findings were discussed by Dr. ___ with Dr.\n___ on the telephone on ___ at 7:35 ___, 10 minutes after\ndiscovery of the findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Again seen is a transverse fracture through the anterior right arch of C1 and\na comminuted fracture of the posterior right arch of C1.  Anterolateral\ndistraction of the right lateral mass of C1 with respect to the remainder of\nthe C1 vertebral body has remained stable since the prior examination,\napproximately 8 mm (2:  13).  An ossific fragment is again seen adjacent to\nthe dense.  The interval between the anterior and posterior arches of C1 and\nthe dens appears preserved.  Widening of the articulations of the C1/2 lateral\nmasses is stable.",
+            "output": "1. Overall stable examination since ___ of known C1 fracture ."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified.At L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels,\nthere is mild disc bulge, causing anterior thecal sac deformity, partially\nevaluated in this exam, correlation with MRI is advised for further\ncharacterization if clinically warranted. There is no prevertebral soft tissue\nswelling.No concerning lytic or sclerotic lesions identified in the lumbar\nspine.  There is no abnormal enhancement on post contrast imaging.  Partially\nimaged intra-abdominal structures are grossly unremarkable.  Please note that\nthis study is not tailored for evaluation of abdominal lymphadenopathy, which\nwould be better assessed with a contrast enhanced abdominal CT.",
+            "output": "Mild disc bulging is identified at L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels, partially evaluated\nin this exam, if clinically warranted, correlation with MRI of the lumbar\nspine is recommended for further characterization.  There is no evidence of\nabnormal enhancement.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Mild disc bulging is noted at L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels,\npartially evaluated in this exam, correlation with MRI of the lumbar spine is\nrecommended for further characterization and if clinically warranted."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified. There is no evidence of\nspinal canal or neural foraminal stenosis. There is no prevertebral soft\ntissue swelling.  There is no abnormal enhancement on post contrast imaging. \nNo concerning lytic or sclerotic lesion is identified.\n\nEvaluation of the partially imaged lung parenchyma is limited by respiratory\nmotion.  There is suggestion of an opacity at the right lung base (3:75),\nwhich may be due to atelectasis, although superimposed infection cannot be\nexcluded.  Additionally, this study is not tailored for evaluation of\nintrathoracic lymphadenopathy.",
+            "output": "1. No fracture or malalignment.\n2. Limited evaluation of the lung parenchyma reveals a right lung base opacity\nthat most likely represents atelectasis.  If there is concern for pneumonia, a\nchest radiograph should be obtained.\n3. Please note that this study is not tailored for evaluation of mediastinal\nlymphadenopathy, which would be better assessed with a contrast enhanced chest\nCT."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment of the cervical spine is normal.   No fractures are identified. \nThere is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.\n\nThere are enlarged cervical lymph nodes bilaterally, measuring up to 1.4 cm at\nlevel II on the right (6b:21), and up to 1.2 cm at level II on the left\n(6b:19).  At level 3 on the right, the largest lymph node measures up to 1.3\ncm in short axis (6b:21).\n\nThere are changes of degenerative disc disease with a broad bulge of the disc\nat C2-3 mildly encroaching on the spinal canal.  The neural foramina appear\nnormal.\n\nAt C3-4, there is a midline disc protrusion that indents the anterior surface\nof the spinal cord.  The neural foramina appear normal.\n\nAt C4-5, there is a midline protrusion of the intervertebral disc.  The neural\nforamina appear normal.\n\nAt C5-6, there is a broad bulge of the intervertebral disc that contacts the\nanterior surface of the spinal cord.  The neural foramina appear normal.\n\nThere are no significant abnormalities at C6-7 or C7-T1.",
+            "output": "Bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, for which the differential includes\nunderlying infection, inflammatory process or malignancy.\nDegenerative disc disease at multiple levels with disc bulges and protrusions\nnarrowing the spinal canal."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified.There is no prevertebral soft\ntissue swelling.Multilevel moderate degenerative changes along with\ncongenitally shortened pedicles cause up to moderate spinal canal narrowing at\nC4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7.  There is moderate to severe right neural foraminal\nnarrowing at C6-C7.  Soft tissue edema and locules of gas overlying the left\nmandible are compatible with laceration, better assessed on dedicated\nmaxillofacial CT exam.  The lung apices are clear.  Prominent posterior\nnasopharyngeal soft tissue is seen.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment in the cervical spine.\n2. Moderate cervical spondylosis.\n3. Prominence of the posterior nasopharyngeal soft tissues for which direct\nvisualization is recommended.\n\nNOTIFICATION:  The findings were discussed with ___, M.D. by ___\n___, M.D. on the telephone on ___ at 7:25 pm, 4 minutes after\ndiscovery of the findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No acute fractures are identified.Multilevel\ndegenerative changes are seen, most extensive at C6-C7 and notable for\nmoderate bilateral neural foraminal stenosis.There is no prevertebral edema. \nMinimal fat in the fat planes are seen on this study.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment of the cervical spine."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.There is no significant\ncanal or foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No cervical spine fracture or malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no evidence of acute fracture or prevertebral soft tissue swelling. \nMild anterolisthesis of C7 on T1 is likely degenerative in nature.  Otherwise,\nthe cervical vertebral bodies demonstrate normal alignment.  There is mild\nspinal canal narrowing due to prominent posterior osteophytes at C5-6 and\nC6-7.  There is moderate to severe multilevel cervical spine degenerative\nchange.  There is moderate to severe neural foraminal narrowing due to\nmultilevel uncovertebral osteophytosis and facet hypertrophy, worst on the\nleft at C3-4 (series 2, image 38).  No concerning focal lytic or sclerotic\nosseous lesions are seen.  An approximately 2.0 x 1.4 cm midline hypoenhancing\nthyroid nodule is identified within the isthmus (series 3, image 60).  There\nis no cervical lymphadenopathy by CT size criteria.  The partially imaged lung\napices are clear.",
+            "output": "1. No fracture or prevertebral soft tissue fluid.\n2. Mild C7 on T1 anterolisthesis is likely degenerative in nature.\n3. Moderate to severe multilevel cervical spine degenerative change, as above.\n4. 2.0 x 1.4 cm midline/isthmic hypoenhancing thyroid nodule.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Nonurgent/routine thyroid ultrasound could be performed\nfor 2.0 x 1.4 cm hypoenhancing midline/isthmic thyroid nodule, if not\npreviously performed elsewhere."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no evidence of fracture or malalignment within the thoracic spine. \nThere is severe multilevel, multifactorial degenerative change throughout the\nimaged thoracic spine, with multilevel disc height loss and confluent, flowing\nanterior and bridging osteophytes, compatible with diffuse idiopathic skeletal\nhyperostosis (DISH).  There is mild spinal canal narrowing at T5-6 and at\nT12-L1 due to prominent disc osteophyte complexes at those levels. \nIncidentally noted is a 12 x 9 mm sclerotic density in the left aspect of the\nT3 vertebral body.\n\nAn 18 mm simple renal cyst arises from the superior right renal pole. \nModerate atherosclerotic calcification of the abdominal aorta is noted. \nOtherwise, the partially imaged abdominal and retroperitoneal solid and hollow\nviscous organs are unremarkable.\n\nAlso noted at right lung base is an area of irregular linear opacity in\napparent bronchovascular distribution, likely reflective of some component of\natelectasis and possibly superimposed small airways disease.  There is no\npleural effusion.  The large isthmic thyroid nodule is better characterized on\nsame-day CT cervical spine.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of fracture or malalignment.\n2. Severe multilevel, multifactorial degenerative change of the imaged\nthoracic spine, as above, including multilevel disc height loss and confluent,\nflowing anterior bridging osteophytes, compatible with diffuse idiopathic\nskeletal hyperostosis (DISH).\n3. Incidentally noted 12 x 9 mm sclerotic density in the left aspect of the T3\nvertebral body.  Correlate with any history of malignancy.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Nonurgent/routine bone scan could be performed for further\nevaluation of T3 sclerotic density if there is a history of malignancy."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There are 5 non-rib-bearing lumbar type vertebral bodies.  Focal,\nwell-corticated scalloping involving the superior end-plate of the L2 and L3\nvertebral bodies likely represent chronic Schmorl's nodes.  A Schmorl's node\nis additionally seen in the superior endplate of L1, with internal vacuum disc\nphenomenon.  Levoscoliosis of the lumbar ___ at L4 is noted. \nAdditionally, there is approximately 10 mm of left lateral subluxation of L4\non L5, likely degenerative in nature.  Additionally, there is grade 1 L4 on L5\nanterolisthesis, also likely degenerative.  There is severe multilevel,\nmultifactorial degenerative change in the imaged lumbar spine, with marked\nmultilevel disc height loss, large anterior and posterior intervertebral\nosteophytes, and posterior element hypertrophy.  Posterior element hypertrophy\nin addition to a prominent posterior osteophyte results in at least moderate\nspinal canal narrowing at L2-3 (series 3, image 31).\n\nColonic diverticula partially imaged.  Mild to moderate atherosclerotic\ncalcifications are seen within the aorta and major branches.  The partially\nimaged retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal solid and hollow viscous organs are\ngrossly unremarkable.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of acute fracture.\n2. Grade 1 L4-5 anterolisthesis, in addition to 10 mm of left lateral\nsubluxation of L4 on L5, are likely degenerative in nature.\n3. Marked levoscoliosis centered at L4.\n4. Severe multilevel, multifactorial lumbosacral spine degenerative change, as\nabove.  In particular, there is moderate spinal canal narrowing at L2-3 due to\na prominent posterior osteophyte and facet hypertrophy."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No acute fracture identified.  Moderate-to-severe multilevel degenerative\nchanges of the cervical spine, with disc height loss, disc bulge, facet joint\nhypertrophy, uncovertebral osteophytes, subchondral cyst formation and\nendplate sclerosis, most notable at C5-C6.  Grade 1 listhesis of C7 on T1 is\nsimilar to prior.  Posterior osteophytes and disc bulge C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7\nresults in mild spinal canal narrowing.  Moderate-to-severe the level\nneuroforaminal narrowing secondary to vertebral osteophytes and facet joint\nhypertrophy, most\nThe partially imaged 2.0 x 1.5 cm midline thyroid nodule is seen within the\nisthmus (3:55), also seen on the prior study.  Lung apices are clear. There is\nno cervical lymphadenopathy by CT size criteria.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture seen.\n2. Moderate-to-severe multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine.\nGrade 1 C7 on T1 anterolisthesis is similar to prior, likely degenerative in\nnature.\n3. Partially imaged 2.0 x 1.5 cm midline/isthmic thyroid nodule ;\nrecommendations remain per the prior study.  Nonurgent thyroid ultrasound\ncould be performed, if not previously performed elsewhere."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Thoracic spine: Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.Multilevel\ndegenerative changes are noted with bridging anterior osteophytes consistent\nwith DISH, loss of intervertebral disc height and facet arthropathy.There is\nno evidence of a paraspinal hematoma.  There is a stable 1.2 cm sclerotic\nfocus in the left T3 vertebral body.\n\nLumbar spine: There is stable grade 1 anterolisthesis of L4 on L5.  There is\nlevoconvex scoliosis centered at L3-L4.  Focal linear lucency through the\nanterior bridging ossification at L2-3 is new since ___ and may be chronic,\nbut is of indeterminate age.  There is no evidence of a paraspinal\nhematoma.Multilevel degenerative changes are noted with bridging anterior\nosteophytes and loss of intervertebral disc height.\n\nThere is mild left lung base atelectasis.  A 1.9 cm stable hypodense thyroid\nnodule is seen in the isthmus.  Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen along\nthe thoracic and abdominal aorta.  There is diverticulosis of the colon\nwithout evidence of diverticulitis.",
+            "output": "1. Focal linear lucency through the anterior ossification at L2-3, new since\n___ and of indeterminate age, but may be chronic, there is no evidence of\nparaspinal hematoma. No acute fracture seen elsewhere.\n2. Severe degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is minimal anterolisthesis of C4 on C5 and C7 on T1, similar to prior. \nNo fractures are identified.Multilevel degenerative changes are seen, most\nextensive at C5-6 and C6-7 and notable for loss of intervertebral disc height,\nosteophytosis, and uncovertebral and facet hypertrophy causing mild spinal\ncanal narrowing.  There is multilevel moderate neural foraminal narrowing. \nThere is fusion of the left C2-3 facet joints.  There is no prevertebral\nedema.\n\nA 1.9 cm thyroid nodule is again seen in the isthmus stable.  The included\nlung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "Multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine without acute fracture\nor traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Thoracic spine: Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.Multilevel\ndegenerative changes are noted with bridging anterior osteophytes consistent\nwith DISH, loss of intervertebral disc height and facet arthropathy.There is\nno evidence of a paraspinal hematoma.  There is a stable 1.2 cm sclerotic\nfocus in the left T3 vertebral body.\n\nLumbar spine: There is stable grade 1 anterolisthesis of L4 on L5.  There is\nlevoconvex scoliosis centered at L3-L4.  Focal linear lucency through the\nanterior bridging ossification at L2-3 is new since ___ and may be chronic,\nbut is of indeterminate age.  There is no evidence of a paraspinal\nhematoma.Multilevel degenerative changes are noted with bridging anterior\nosteophytes and loss of intervertebral disc height.\n\nThere is mild left lung base atelectasis.  A 1.9 cm stable hypodense thyroid\nnodule is seen in the isthmus.  Atherosclerotic calcifications are seen along\nthe thoracic and abdominal aorta.  There is diverticulosis of the colon\nwithout evidence of diverticulitis.",
+            "output": "1. Focal linear lucency through the anterior ossification at L2-3, new since\n___ and of indeterminate age, but may be chronic, there is no evidence of\nparaspinal hematoma. No acute fracture seen elsewhere.\n2. Severe degenerative changes in the thoracic spine."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is minimal anterolisthesis of C4 on C5 and C7 on T1, unchanged compared\nto most recent prior and likely due to degenerative changes.  Alignment is\notherwise anatomic.No acute fractures are identified.Severe multilevel\ndegenerative changes are again seen, most extensive at C5 through C7 and\nnotable for loss of intervertebral disc height, osteophytosis, and\nuncovertebral and facet hypertrophy, causing mild spinal canal narrowing. \nMultilevel moderate neural foraminal narrowing.  There is fusion of the left\nC2-3 facet joints.  No prevertebral soft tissue swelling is identified. \nVisualized on the apices are unremarkable.  Incidentally noted in the thyroid\ngland is an unchanged 1.8 cm hypodense nodule, unchanged compared to multiple\nprior.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or traumatic subluxation of the cervical spine.\n2. Severe, multilevel degenerative changes, most severe at C5 through C7, as\nabove.\n3. Unchanged 1.8 cm hypodense nodule in the thyroid gland."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No acute fractures are identified.Again seen are\nmultilevel degenerative changes with bridging anterior osteophytes, consistent\nwith DISH, as well as loss of intervertebral disc height and facet\narthropathy.  There is no evidence of paraspinal hematoma.There is no\nprevertebral soft tissue swelling.There is an unchanged sclerotic focus in the\nleft portion of the T3 vertebral body.  Partially visualized adrenal glands\nare unremarkable.  There is no hydronephrosis.  There is mild cortical\nthinning of the partially visualized bilateral kidneys.  Bilateral lung fields\nare without focal consolidation.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or traumatic subluxation identified in the thoracic\nspine.\n2. Severe degenerative changes in the thoracic spine, as above."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is levo-scoliotic curvature of the visualized lumbar spine with apex at\nthe L3-4 intervertebral disc.  There is unchanged grade 1 anterolisthesis of\nL4 on L5.  Previously seen linear lucency through the anterior bridging\nossification of L2-3 is less apparent on today's examination.  No acute\nfractures are identified.There is no paraspinal hematoma.  Multilevel\ndegenerative changes are severe and unchanged from prior, with bridging\nanterior osteophytes and loss of intervertebral disc height.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture identified.\n2. Severe degenerative changes in the lumbar spine, similar compared to prior."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is minimal anterolisthesis of C4 on C5 and C7 on T1, similar to prior. \nNo acute fractures are identified. There is no prevertebral edema.  Mild retro\ndental degenerative pannus.  Severe multilevel degenerative changes are again\nnoted, most extensive at C5-C7, with near complete loss of intervertebral disc\nspace height, osteophytosis, uncovertebral hypertrophy, and facet hypertrophy.\nThere is mild spinal canal narrowing at C5-C7 secondary to degenerative\nchange, similar to prior.  Multi level facet arthropathy results in severe\nleft C3-C4 moderate to severe bilateral C4-C5, moderate bilateral C5-C6 and\nC6-C7 neural foraminal narrowing, similar to prior exam.\n\nThere is a 1.9 cm thyroid isthmus hypodense nodule.  There are no pulmonary\nnodules in the visualized lung apices.  There is no cervical lymphadenopathy\nby size criteria.",
+            "output": "1. No acute cervical fractures identified.  No traumatic malalignment.\n2. Severe degenerative changes as described above, similar to ___.\n3. Thyroid isthmus 1.9 cm hypodense nodule, unchanged from prior exam.  Of\nnote, this had been previously biopsied on ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Minimal anterolisthesis of C4 on C5 and mild anterolisthesis of C7 on T1 is\nunchanged.  No fractures are seen.  Severe multilevel degenerative changes are\nagain noted, most extensive at C5-C7, with near complete loss of\nintervertebral disc height, there are vertebral osteophytes, uncovertebral and\nfacet osteophytes.  There is mild spinal canal narrowing at C5-C7 due to\ndegenerative disease, similar to prior.  Multilevel facet osteophytes results\nin severe left C3-4, moderate to severe bilateral C4-5, moderate bilateral\nC5-6 and C6-7 neural foraminal narrowing, similar to prior.  There is no\nprevertebral edema.\n\n1.9 cm thyroid isthmus hypoattenuating nodule is unchanged.  The included lung\napices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No evidence of fracture.\nMild degenerative subluxation, unchanged.\nDegenerative disease with spinal canal and neural foraminal narrowing at\nmultiple levels."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No acute cervical spine fractures are\nidentified.Multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine are most\nsevere at C5-6 level, with posterior osteophytes result in mild canal\nnarrowing with indentation on the anterior thecal sac.  Multilevel neural\nforaminal narrowing is present, most severe on the left at C4-5 where it is\nmoderate.There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling. There is no evidence\nof infection or neoplasm.\n\nThe imaged lung apices are clear.  Thyroid gland is unremarkable.  Cervical\nlymph nodes are not enlarged by CT size criteria.",
+            "output": "1. No acute cervical spine fracture or traumatic subluxation.\n2. Multilevel degenerative changes throughout the cervical spine, as described\nabove, more pronounced C5-C6 level."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is preserved.No fractures are identified.  Mild multilevel\ndegenerative changes with intervertebral disc space narrowing, endplate\nsclerosis and anterior osteophyte formation is most pronounced at C6-7.  Mild\ncentral canal narrowing due to a moderate disc bulges seen at C5-6.  There is\nno high-grade neural foraminal stenosis. There is no prevertebral soft tissue\nswelling. There is no evidence of infection or neoplasm.\n\nA nondisplaced fracture of the posterior right second rib is partially\nvisualized.  Additionally, a right apical pneumothorax is partially seen as\nwell.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment.\n2. Partially visualized nondisplaced fracture of the posterior second right\nrib and right-sided pneumothorax are better assessed on same day CT torso."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No traumatic malalignment is identified. No fractures are identified.  There\nis no prevertebral soft tissue swelling. There is no evidence of infection or\nneoplasm.\nMultilevel degenerative changes are most notable at C5/C6 level, consistent\nwith posterior osteophyte, causing moderate spinal canal and severe bilateral\nneural foraminal narrowing (image 41, series 2).",
+            "output": "1. No fracture is identified.\n2. Multilevel degenerative changes are most notable for C4-5 posterior\nosteophyte causing moderate spinal canal and severe bilateral neural foraminal\nnarrowing."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no acute fracture or alignment abnormality within the lumbar spine. \nSignificant facet arthropathy is noted in the lower lumbar spine extending\ninferiorly from L3-4 through L5-S1.  No significant disc disease.  No large\nhematoma.  The imaged intra-abdominal structures are unremarkable aside from\nthe presence of diverticulosis and aortic calcification.  Gallstones partially\nvisualized in the gallbladder.",
+            "output": "No lumbar spine fracture or malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Minimal anterolisthesis of the C3 on C4 and C4 on C5 vertebral bodies is\nunchanged compared ___.  No acute fracture is identified.  Multilevel\nneural foraminal narrowing due to facet hypertrophy is noted. There is no\nprevertebral soft tissue swelling.Thyroid is unremarkable.  Carotid bulb\ncalcifications are noted.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture.  Mild C3 and C4 listhesis is stable."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The bones are severely osteopenic.\n\nThere is marked kyphosis of the thoracic spine.  No subluxation.\n\nAn acute two-column compression fracture is noted at the T11 vertebral body,\nwith surrounding hematoma and roughly 25% vertebral body height loss.  No\nretropulsion is noted.  The central canal is patent.\n\nModerate multilevel degenerative changes are noted within the thoracic spine\nwith bridging anterior osteophytes.  No high-grade central canal stenosis is\npresent.\n\nDextroscoliosis of the lumbar spine is demonstrated without spondylolisthesis.\nThere is no acute lumbar spine fracture.  Moderate multilevel degenerative\nchanges are seen in the lumbar spine with intervertebral disc space height\nloss and mild disc bulging.  Additionally, mild central canal narrowing is\ndemonstrated at L2-3, L3-4, and L4-5 due to small disc bulges and ligamentum\nflavum hypertrophy.  Additionally, mild left neural foraminal narrowing at\nL2-3 is present..\n\nA sclerotic lesion is seen in the right third rib (2:63), concerning for an\nosseous metastases.  Healed fractures are seen of the right twelfth posterior\nrib as well as the right transverse processes of the L1 and L2 vertebrae.\n\nLimited evaluation of the lungs demonstrates bibasilar atelectasis and\nbiapical scarring.  Heart demonstrates mild left atrial enlargement and\ndiffuse coronary artery calcifications.  A small hiatal hernia is present. \nScattered calcifications in the spleen may reflect prior granulomatous\ndisease.  Hepatic hypodensity measuring 10 mm is noted in the right lobe,\nlikely a cyst.  The thoracic aorta is tortuous.  Extensive fecal loading is\nnoted within the colon.  The rectum is markedly distended with fecal matter,\nwith mild presacral edema.  The prostate is enlarged and the bladder\ndemonstrates multiple diverticula with bladder wall thickening suggestive of\nchronic outlet obstruction.  Moderate atherosclerotic calcifications are seen\nin aorta and mesenteric vessels.  12 mm left subcutaneous cyst within the left\nupper back is noted (03:48).",
+            "output": "1. Acute compression fracture of the T11 vertebral body with approximately 25%\nloss of height without retropulsion of bony fragments.\n2. Large fecal load with large stool ball in the rectum.\n3. Sclerotic metastasis involving the right third rib.\n4. Remote right twelfth rib and right L1 and L2 transverse process fractures.\n5. Prostatomegaly with evidence chronic bladder outlet obstruction."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is very minimal retrolisthesis of C2 over C3, which may be degenerative.\nNo acute fractures are identified.Multilevel degenerative changes are seen,\nmost extensive at C4-5 and notable for loss of intervertebral disc height,\nosteophytosis, and uncovertebral and facet hypertrophy causing mild neural\nforaminal narrowing..There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nA 6 mm hypodense nodule is seen in the right thyroid lobe. The included lung\napices show biapical scarring.",
+            "output": "Multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine without acute fracture\nor dislocation.  Very minimal retrolisthesis of C2 over C3 may be\ndegenerative."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No acute fractures are identified.There is subtle focal\nprevertebral soft tissue edema anterior to the vertebral body of C4.\n\nDegenerative changes are present most notable at C2-C3 and C3-C4 including\nosteophytosis and uncovertebral joint hypertrophy. Multilevel disc bulges\nresult in mild spinal canal narrowing.  Incidentally noted is a calcified\nright stylohyoid ligament.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or malalignment.\n2. Focal prevertebral soft tissue edema anterior to C4 which raises the\npossibility of ligamentous injury.  If focally tender in this area, MRI could\nbe obtained if clinically indicated.\n\nNOTIFICATION:  The updated findings were discussed with ___, M.D.\nby ___, M.D. on the telephone on ___ at 11:17 AM, 2 minutes\nafter discovery of the findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No acute fractures are identified.  Multilevel\ndegenerative changes with intervertebral disc space narrowing and osteophyte\nformation.  There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or dislocation of the cervical spine."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Evaluation is limited by streak artifact from dental hardware.  Multilevel\ndegenerative changes include facet arthropathy, loss of intervertebral disc\nheight, vacuum disc phenomenon, subchondral cyst formation, and osteophytosis.\nThere is mild anterolisthesis at C3-C4 and C6-C7, which is likely\ndegenerative.  Alignment is otherwise normal. No fractures are\nidentified.There is mild bony vertebral canal stenosis at C4-C5. There is no\nprevertebral soft tissue swelling.",
+            "output": "1. No acute cervical spine fracture.\n2. Multilevel degenerative changes."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is mild anterolisthesis of C3 on C4, C6 on C7 and C7 on T1 unchanged. \nNo traumatic malalignment detected. No fractures are identified.Multilevel\ndegenerative changes of the cervical spine are again seen including loss of\nheight of the intervertebral discs, endplate sclerosis and osteophyte\nformation.\n\nThere is a disc bulge at C 2 3 that mildly encroaches on the spinal canal but\ndoes not contact the spinal cord.  The neural foramina appear normal.\n\nAt C3-4, intervertebral osteophytes and bulging of the disc narrow the spinal\ncanal and in concert with ligamentum flavum thickening flatten the spinal\ncord.  Uncovertebral and facet osteophytes produce severe bilateral neural\nforaminal narrowing.\n\nAt C4-5, intervertebral osteophytes and disc bulging flatten the spinal cord. \nUncovertebral and facet joints osteophytes produce severe bilateral neural\nforaminal narrowing.\n\nAt C5-6, intervertebral osteophytes and a bulge of the disc flatten the spinal\ncord.  Uncovertebral and facet osteophytes produce severe neural foraminal\nnarrowing.\n\nAt C 6 7, small intervertebral osteophytes and subluxation of 6 on 7 mildly\nnarrow the spinal canal.  The neural foramina appear normal.\n\nAt C7-T1 and the included portions of the upper thoracic spine there is no\nspinal canal or neural foraminal narrowing.  There is again seen compression\nof the superior endplate of the T1 vertebral body.\n\nSuperior endplate deformity at T1 is unchanged, presumably degenerative. There\nis no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.\n\nThere are bilateral hypodense thyroid nodules, better seen on the current\nexamination but which do not appear enlarged since the prior study.  The\nlargest of these, on the right, measures approximately 15 mm in greatest\ndimension.  This meets ___ College of Radiology criteria for further\nevaluation with ultrasound of an incidental thyroid nodule.  There is mild\npleuroparenchymal scarring in the lung apices.",
+            "output": "-No evidence offracture or traumatic malalignment.\n-15 mm right thyroid nodule that meets ___ College of Radiology\nguidelines for further evaluation\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Thyroid nodule.  ___ College of Radiology guidelines\nrecommend further evaluation with ultrasound for incidental thyroid nodules\ngreater than 1.0 cm in patients under age ___ or 1.5 cm in patients age ___ or\nolder.\n\nNOTIFICATION:  The finding of a 1.5 mm right thyroid nodule and recommendation\nof ultrasound for further evaluation were entered in the Radiology department\nnon urgent critical imaging findings system at 13:57 ___ by Dr.\n___"
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is mild anterolisthesis, 3 mm, of C6 on C7, unchanged over multiple\nprior examinations.No acute fractures are identified.There is moderate to\nsevere multilevel uncovertebral, facet, anterior, and posterior osteophytosis.\nA combination of osteophytes and posterior disc bulges/protrusions results in\nmoderate spinal canal narrowing at C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7.  There is severe\nleft neural foraminal narrowing at C3-C4, moderate bilateral neural foraminal\nnarrowing at C4-C5, moderate bilateral neural foraminal narrowing at C5-C6,\nand mild left neural foraminal narrowing at C6-C7.No prevertebral soft tissue\nswelling.  Carotid bifurcation calcifications are moderate.  The thyroid gland\nis nodular and heterogeneous, no nodules larger than 1.5 cm.  Mild biapical\nscarring.",
+            "output": "1. No evidence of fracture or traumatic malalignment.\n2. Heterogeneous and multinodular thyroid gland.  No nodules larger than 1.5\ncm.  Per ACR guidelines on incidentally discovered thyroid nodules, no imaging\nfollow-up is recommended."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is unchanged with re-demonstration of mild anterolisthesis of C3 on\nC4, C6 on C7, and C7 on T1.No fractures are identified.Moderate multilevel\ndegenerative changes with disc height loss, endplate sclerosis and\nirregularity, and anterior and posterior osteophytes are seen throughout the\ncervical spine, worse at C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7.  The cervical spinal vertebral\nbody heights are preserved.  Uncovertebral and facet osteophytes moderate left\nneural foraminal narrowing at C3-4, moderate bilateral neural foraminal\nnarrowing at C4-5 and C5-6.  Disc bulge and bridging osteophytes cause mild to\nmoderate canal stenosis at C3-4, C4-5 and C5-6.No prevertebral soft tissue\nswelling. There is no evidence of infection or neoplasm.  There is a 0.9 cm\nleft thyroid lobe hypodense nodule (series 3, image 51) which does not need\nfurther imaging follow-up per ACR criteria.  Bilateral lung apices demonstrate\nscarring.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment.\n2. Multilevel moderate degenerative changes of the cervical spine most severe\nat C3-4, C4-5 and C5-6."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no acute fracture.  Mild anterolisthesis is unchanged at C3 on 4, C6\non 7, and to a lesser extent C7 on T1.  Multilevel degenerative disc disease\nis unchanged, from prior performed 1 month ago.  No prevertebral edema.  Mild\nscarring in the apices.  Thyroid appears unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or change in alignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is mild motion degradation at the C2 level.  There is no visualized\nfracture.  There is no new malalignment.  Minimal anterolisthesis of C3 on C4,\nC6 on C7 and C7 on T1 are unchanged.  Multilevel degenerative changes are\nnotable for intervertebral disc height loss, posterior osteophytes and\nuncovertebral joint hypertrophy most notably at C4-5, C5-6 and C6-7.  No\ncritical canal narrowing.  There is moderate foraminal narrowing on the left\nat C3-4 on the right at C4-5.  Mild to moderate bilateral foraminal narrowing\nat C5-6.  There is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.\n\nThere is mild scarring at the apex of the lungs bilaterally.  The thyroid is\nheterogeneous without visualized nodule larger than 1.5 cm.  A 1 cm left level\nfive lymph node is unchanged.  Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the\ncarotid bulbs.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is anatomic.  No acute fractures are identified.Multilevel\ndegenerative changes are seen, most extensive at C5-6 and notable for\nintervertebral disc disease, anterior osteophytes and mild-to-moderate left\nneural foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid is unremarkable.  Scarring is seen in the bilateral lung apices. \nDebris is noted in the upper esophagus.",
+            "output": "No evidence of acute fracture or traumatic malalignment.  Debris noted in the\nupper esophagus."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified. There is no prevertebral\nedema.\n\nDegenerative changes noted at C5-C6 with intervertebral disc height loss and\nuncovertebral joint hypertrophy.  Posterior osteophytes and disc bulge\ncontribute to effacement of the ventral CSF, mild to moderate canal narrowing\nand may contact the ventral aspect of the cord.  There is also moderate left\nforaminal narrowing at this level.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No cervical spine fracture or malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified. There is no evidence of\nspinal canal or neural foraminal stenosis. There is no prevertebral soft\ntissue swelling. There is no evidence of infection or neoplasm.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or malalignment of the cervical spine."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There are 12 rib-bearing vertebrae with short ribs at T12. There is\ndextroconvex scoliosis centered at T8-T9 and incompletely assessed levoconvex\nscoliosis centered at L1-L2.  The bones are demineralized.  Vertebral body\nheights are within normal limits, and no fractures are seen.  Subcentimeter\nsclerotic foci within T4 and T8 vertebral bodies are nonspecific but\ncompatible with bone islands.\n\nEvaluation of the thoracic spinal canal detail by CT is limited, particularly\ngiven the streak artifact from the pacemaker, and even more extensive streak\nartifact through C7 and T1 at the level of the shoulder girdles.\n\nSmall central disc protrusions are noted at T1-T2 and T4-T5, and mild disc\nbulges are noted at T10-T11 through T12-L1, without evidence for significant\nspinal canal narrowing.\n\nLigamentum flavum calcification is seen at T2-T3 on the right, T4-T5\nbilaterally, and at T9-T10 and T10-T11 bilaterally, without mass effect on the\nthecal sac.\n\nFacet arthropathy is present at:\nT2-T3 on the left without significant neural foraminal narrowing,\nT4-T5 bilaterally with mild left neural foraminal narrowing,\nT5-T6 bilaterally without significant neural foraminal narrowing,\nT6-T7 bilaterally with mild left neural foraminal narrowing,\nT7-T8 bilaterally with mild, right greater than left neural foraminal\nnarrowing,\nT8-T9 bilaterally with mild bilateral neural foraminal narrowing,\nT9-T10 bilaterally without significant neural foraminal narrowing,\nT10-T11 bilaterally without significant neural foraminal narrowing.\n\nLinear opacities in the visualized portion of the basal left lower lobe are\nsimilar to CT chest from ___, compatible with scarring with possible\nsuperimposed atelectasis.\nCalcified plaque is seen in the visualized portion of the aorta and at\nbilateral subclavian artery origins.\nA prosthetic mitral valve is again noted, with evidence of median sternotomy.\nThere is a small hiatal hernia, as seen previously.",
+            "output": "1. S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis.\n2. Evaluation of the spinal canal detail by CTs limited, especially given the\nstreak artifact from the pacemaker.  Small central disc protrusions and mild\ndisc bulges are noted at several levels without evidence for significant\nspinal canal narrowing.\n3. Multilevel facet arthropathy with mild neural foraminal narrowing at\nseveral levels, as detailed above."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no acute fracture or malalignment of the cervical spine.  Mild loss\nof height anteriorly of the C5 vertebral body appears to be chronic. The\nvisualized outline of the thecal sac is unremarkable. No significant\ndegenerative disease.  No prevertebral edema.\n\nThe aerodigestive tract appears patent. Lung apices are clear. Thyroid gland\nappears normal.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or malalignment of cervical spine."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No evidence of acute fracture is seen.  Chronic appearing osseous\nfragmentation seen just superior to the anterior arch of C1.  There is no\ndislocation.  Multilevel degenerative changes are seen.  These include mild\ndisc space narrowing and C5 through C7 with there are also prominent anterior\nand small posterior osteophytes..  No prevertebral soft tissue swelling is\nseen.\nPartially imaged lung apices show no focal consolidation.  Apical paraseptal\nemphysema is noted bilaterally.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or dislocation of the cervical spine.  Multi-level\ndegenerative changes."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.  There is mild multilevel\ndegenerative changes of the cervical spine, most notable at C5-C6 and C6-C7\nwith loss of disc space, osteophyte formation, and vacuum phenomenon.  There\nis moderate spinal canal stenosis at C5-C6 and mild neural foraminal narrowing\nat C5-C6 and C6-C7.  There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No evidence of cervical spine fracture.  No traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No acute fractures are identified.  There is no\nprevertebral edema.\n\nThe lung apices show centrilobular emphysema.  There also appears to be some\nseptal thickening which can be seen with pulmonary edema.\n\nPosterior to the right lobe of the thyroid on series 3A, image 46, is a 1.0 x\n0.9 cm soft tissue structure which could represent a thyroid nodule or\nenlarged parathyroid gland.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or traumatic malalignment.\n\n1.0 x 0.9 cm soft tissue structure just posterior to the right lobe of the\nthyroid could represent a thyroid nodule or prominent parathyroid gland. \nRecommend further assessment with outpatient ultrasound.\n\nPartially imaged lung apices demonstrate septal thickening which can be seen\nwith pulmonary edema."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.There is no significant\ncanal or foraminal narrowing.There is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThe thyroid and included lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified.  There is no prevertebral\nsoft tissue swelling.\n\nModerate degenerative changes are present from C4-C6 including spurring and\ndisc space height loss.  There is probably mild central canal narrowing at\nC4-C5, C5-C6 levels.  Posterior element degenerative changes.  Probably\nmoderate bilateral C5-C6 foraminal narrowing.\n\nThe thyroid gland is unremarkable.  There is mild biapical scarring in the\nlung.",
+            "output": "1. No fracture.\n2. Degenerative changes spine, as described."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Study is somewhat limited by streak artifact from dental hardware.  Multilevel\ndegenerative changes include facet arthropathy, osteophytosis, and loss of\nintervertebral disc height.  Alignment is normal.No acute fracture is seen. \nThere is no prevertebral soft tissue swelling.\n\nImaged portion of the lung apices is unremarkable.  The thyroid gland is\nunremarkable.",
+            "output": "No acute cervical spine fracture or traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is a triangular bone fragment of the anterior inferior corner of the C5\nvertebral body, without clearly corticated margins (602b:42), of unclear\nchronicity.  No evidence for prevertebral edema, disc space widening, or\ndistraction of the posterior elements is seen. Alignment is normal.  There is\nno evidence of spinal canal narrowing.  Right C3-4 neural foramen is mildly\nnarrowed by uncovertebral osteophytes.\n\nVisualized lung apices are clear. There are numerous tiny lymph nodes at the\nthoracic inlet caudal to the right thyroid lobe. There are also small\nbilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes, right greater than left.",
+            "output": "1. Anterior inferior corner fragment of the C5 vertebral body, of unclear\nchronicity, without evidence for prevertebral edema.  Normal alignment.\n2. Numerous tiny lymph nodes are the thoracic inlet caudal to the right\nthyroid lobe, and small bilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes, right greater\nthan left. Please correlate clinically.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  MRI could assess for marrow edema and ligamentous edema,\nif clinically warranted.\n\nNOTIFICATION:   These findings were communicated via telephone by Dr.\n___ to Dr. ___  at 01:11 on ___ ."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Numbering of the cervical spine is provided on series 602b, image 34.\n\nAlignment of the cervical spine is unremarkable.  There is no acute fracture. \nNo prevertebral soft tissue swelling.  Moderately severe multilevel\ndegenerative changes and noted in the form of anterior/posterior osteophytes,\nloss of intervertebral disc space height and uncovertebral hypertrophy, most\npronounced at C5-C6 and C6-C7 where there is mild indentation of the ventral\nthecal sac at these levels.  Facet joint arthropathy is also noted at multiple\nlevels, more pronounced on the right.  C2-C3 facets are fused on the right. \nC5-C6 facets are fused on the left.  Low attenuation at T1 vertebral body in\nthe sagittal reformations (image 34, series 602b) apparently is artifactual\ndue to streak artifact.\n\nImaged thyroid gland is grossly unremarkable in appearance, within the\nlimitations of this study.  Bilateral pleural parenchymal scarring is noted at\nthe lung apices.",
+            "output": "No acute cervical spine fracture or traumatic malalignment."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified. There is no evidence of\nspinal canal or neural foraminal stenosis.Moderate to severe multilevel\ndegenerative changes have progressed in the interval with partial fusion of\nthe C4 through C6 vertebral bodies and bilateral facet joints of C4 and C5. \nMultilevel mild central canal and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing is\npresent without high-grade stenosis.  There is no evidence of infection or\nneoplasm.\n\nThe thyroid gland is diffusely enlarged with a partly rim calcified isodense\nleft nodule measuring approximately 15 mm, similar to the prior exam.  The\nlung apices are clear.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or malalignment.\n2. Moderate to severe cervical spondylosis, progressed in the interval, most\npronounced from C4 through C6 vertebral body levels.\n3. Diffusely enlarged thyroid gland with partly rim calcified isodense left\nthyroid nodule measuring up to 15 mm, similar to the prior exam.  Thyroid\nultrasound can be obtained for further assessment, if not previously performed\nand if clinically warranted.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Thyroid nodule.  Ultrasound follow up recommended.\n___ College of Radiology guidelines recommend further evaluation for\nincidental thyroid nodules of 1.0 cm or larger in patients under age ___ or 1.5\ncm in patients age ___ or ___, or with suspicious findings.\n\nSuspicious findings include: Abnormal lymph nodes (those displaying\nenlargement, calcification, cystic components and/or increased enhancement) or\ninvasion of local tissues by the thyroid nodule.\n\n___, et al, \"Managing Incidental Thyroid Nodules Detected on Imaging: White\nPaper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee\". J ___ ___\n12:143-150."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No fracture is identified. There is again mild retrolisthesis of the C5 on C6\nvertebral bodies with decreased disk space height at this level, unchanged\ncompared to ___. No new malalignment is seen. There is no prevertebral\nsoft tissue abnormality. At the C2-3 and C3-4 levels is mild disc bulge, with\nindentation of the anterior thecal sac. There is mild neural foraminal\nnarrowing on the left at the C2-3 level, moderate on the right at the C3-4\nlevel, and moderate to severe bilaterally at the C5-6 level. There is no\nevidence of infection or neoplasm.",
+            "output": "1. No fracture or prevertebral soft tissue abnormality identified.\n2. Unchanged mild retrolisthesis of the C5 on C6 vertebral bodies with\ndecreased disk space height at this level.\n3. Mild spinal canal an neural foraminal narrowing at multiple levels, likely\nrelated to multilevel degenerative changes."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures.  No prevertebral soft tissue swelling.\nMultilevel degenerative changes, disc osteophyte complexes, hypertrophic\nchanges.  Multilevel mild-to-moderate central canal narrowing, most prominent\nat C5-C6, C6-C7 levels.  Multilevel moderate to severe foraminal narrowing.\n There is no evidence of infection or neoplasm.  Small thyroid nodules do not\nmeet ACR criteria for further evaluation.  Nonspecific soft tissue density in\nthe right external auditory canal likely represents cerumen.",
+            "output": "No acute fracture or malalignment of the cervical spine.\nAdvanced degenerative changes cervical spine."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The bones are demineralized without evidence for a displaced fracture.\nPrevertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.  There is minimal anterolisthesis\nof C2 on C3, unchanged compared to ___ brain MRI, and minimal\nretrolisthesis of C4 on C5, unchanged compared to ___ pituitary\nMRI, without disc space widening, which are likely secondary to facet\narthropathy. There is no acute subluxation. There is a kyphotic curvature\ncentered at C3-4. There are multilevel degenerative changes.  At C3-4, a disc\nosteophyte complex mildly to moderately indents the ventral thecal sac. There\nis multilevel neural foraminal narrowing by uncovertebral osteophytes.\n\nThere is minimal dependent atelectasis in the visualized right upper lung. The\nthyroid gland is not visualized. There are no surgical clips in the thyroid\nbed. There are calcifications at the internal carotid artery origins, right\ngreater than left, and at the left subclavian artery origin.",
+            "output": "1. Demineralized bones without evidence for a fracture. No acute subluxation.\n2. Multilevel degenerative disease.\n3. The thyroid gland is not visualized. Please correlate clinically."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No acute cervical spine fractures are identified.  There is no prevertebral\nsoft tissue swelling.\n\nAlignment of the cervical spine is anatomic.  There are no suspicious\nosteoblastic or lytic lesions.\n\nThere are severe multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine,\nincluding facet joint and uncovertebral hypertrophy, osteophytosis, loss of\nintervertebral disc space, and endplate changes, which is most prominent at\nC5-C6 and C6-C7. Specifically, there is severe bilateral C2-C3 and right C5-6\nneural foraminal narrowing.  No severe canal narrowing.  There is fusion of\nthe bilateral C3, C4, and C5 facets, with large bridging anterior osteophytes\nat C5, C6, and C7.\n\nThe visualized portion of the lungs are unremarkable.  The visualized portion\nof the thyroid is unremarkable. There is no lymphadenopathy by CT size\ncriteria.",
+            "output": "1. No acute cervical spine fracture or malalignment.  No prevertebral edema.\n2. Severe multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine, as described."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No acute fractures are identified.Multilevel\ndegenerative changes are seen, most extensive at C5-C6 and notable for disc\nspace narrowing and severe anterior osteophyte formation.  No foraminal\nnarrowing is seen, including on the right at C5-C6.  There is also mild\nnarrowing of the central canal at C5-C6, related to posterior disc osteophyte.\nOsseous fusion of the bilateral C3, C4, and C5 facets is redemonstrated. \nThere is no prevertebral edema.\n\nThere is respiratory motion through the imaged lung apices, but no focal\nconsolidation is identified.  The imaged thyroid gland is grossly homogeneous.\nPartially imaged fluid is seen superior to the sternum.  Please refer to\nconcurrent CT torso for further details.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or traumatic subluxation.\n2. Multilevel degenerative changes, stable since most recent prior.\n3. Partially imaged fluid seen in the midline superior to the sternum.  Please\nrefer to concurrent CT torso for further details."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal. No fractures are identified. There is no evidence of\nspinal canal or neural foraminal stenosis. There is no prevertebral soft\ntissue swelling.The thyroid and lung apices are unremarkable.",
+            "output": "Normal study."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No traumatic malalignment or acute fractures of the cervical spine are\nidentified.No prevertebral soft tissue edema.\n\nThere are multilevel degenerative changes of the cervical spine most\npronounced at C5-C6 where there is moderate loss of the disc space and\nbilateral mild-to-moderate neural foraminal narrowing.  There is no high-grade\ncentral spinal canal narrowing.\n\nThe thyroid is unremarkable.  There are moderate calcifications of the carotid\nbulbs bilaterally.  There is mild biapical emphysema and re-demonstration of a\n11 x 9 mm spiculated right apical pulmonary nodule, similar to the prior exam\nfrom ___ when it was first seen, however remains concerning and warrants\nfurther evaluation with PET-CT or biopsy.",
+            "output": "1. No traumatic malalignment or acute fractures of the cervical spine.\n2. Right apical 11 x 9 mm spiculated pulmonary nodule is stable since ___ when it was first seen, however morphology remains concerning and\nwarrants further evaluation with PET-CT and/or biopsy.\n3. Multilevel degenerative changes worst at C5-C6."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "No acute fracture or traumatic alignment abnormality.  When compared with\nprior CT performed 4 days earlier, there has been no significant change. \nMultilevel degenerative changes with disc disease most pronounced at C5-6 and\nC6-7 levels.  No critical central canal or neural foraminal stenosis. Again\nseen at the right lung apex, is a suspicious nodular structure measuring\napproximately 13 mm.  No prevertebral edema.  The imaged thyroid is\nunremarkable.",
+            "output": "1. No fracture or malalignment.\n2. Suspicious pulmonary nodule at the right lung apex up to 13 mm.  Agree with\nprior recommendations for further workup with PET-CT or biopsy."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Alignment is normal.  No fractures are identified.Multilevel degenerative\nchanges are seen, most extensive at C5-C6 and notable for disc space narrowing\nand anterior and posterior osteophyte formation..There is no prevertebral\nedema.\n\nThe thyroid is unremarkable.  There is scarring of the right lung apex\nincompletely evaluated.  This is decreased in size compared with ___ but\nstable since ___.  This was further evaluated by chest CT of ___.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or traumatic subluxation.\n2. Multilevel degenerative changes most extensive at C5-C6.\n3. Right upper lung nodule which was further evaluated by chest CT of ___.  Correlate with findings and recommendations of that study."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is no acute fracture or malalignment of the cervical spine.  There is\nmild loss of disc height at C5-C6 with mild inferior endplate changes at C5\nand superior endplate changes at C6, consistent with degenerative change. \nPosterior osteophytes and uncovertebral joint hypertrophy contribute to mild\ncanal and mild bilateral foraminal narrowing, worse on the left.  \\No\nprevertebral edema.\n\nThe aerodigestive tract appears patent.  Paraseptal apical emphysema, right\ngreater than left.  Thyroid appears normal.  Left mastoidectomy changes are\nvisualized.  Atherosclerotic calcifications noted at the carotid bulbs\nbilaterally.",
+            "output": "1. No acute fracture or malalignment of the cervical spine.\n2. Minimal degenerative changes at C5-C6.\n3. Paraseptal apical emphysema."
+        }
+    ]
+}

Text_summarization/task89_mimic_mri_chest_summarization.json

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+{
+    "Contributors": "MIMIC",
+    "Source": "MIMIC-IV",
+    "URL": "https://www.physionet.org/content/mimic-iv-note/2.2/",
+    "Categories": [
+        "Summarization"
+    ],
+    "Definition": [
+        "Summarize the MRI imaging diagnostics' detailed findings for the Chest into a concise conclusion."
+    ],
+    "Reasoning": [],
+    "Input_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Output_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Instruction_language": [
+        "English"
+    ],
+    "Domains": [
+        "Medicine",
+        "Clinical Reports",
+        "MRI",
+        "Chest"
+    ],
+    "Positive Examples": [],
+    "Negative Examples": [],
+    "Instances": [
+        {
+            "input": "LUNGS: The visualized portions of the lungs do not demonstrate any obvious\nmasses, given the limitations of MRI.  There is abnormal right pleural\nthickening which enhances post gadolinium administration, concerning for\nmetastatic disease.  Associated trace right pleural effusion.\n\nVASCULATURE: Visualized portions of the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries\nare unremarkable.\n\nHEART AND MEDIASTINUM: There is no lower mediastinal lymphadenopathy.  No\npericardial effusion.\n\nUPPER ABDOMEN: Visualized cuts through the upper abdomen demonstrate few T2\nhyperintense foci in the liver, measuring up to 1 cm in segment 2, likely\ncysts.\n\nOSSEOUS STRUCTURES AND SOFT TISSUES: Multiple thoracic vertebral body\nmetastatic lesions are again demonstrated, involving the T2, T3, T6, T10 and\nT12 vertebral bodies.  There is abnormal enhancement extending into the\nposterior right transverse processes and ribs in the mid thoracic spine. \nThere are also foci of abnormal enhancement along the anterior chest wall,\npossibly within the ribs, which are also concerning for metastatic disease.",
+            "output": "1.  Re-demonstration of diffuse metastatic bone disease involving multiple\nthoracic vertebral bodies and posterior right ribs.  For comparison of extent\nis difficult, versus prior thoracic spine MRI given differences in planes of\nimaging.\n\n2.  Small of abnormal enhancement within the soft tissues of the right\nanterior and lateral chest wall, possibly within the ribs, which are\nconcerning for metastatic disease.\n\n3.  Right pleural thickening and enhancement with associated trace right\npleural effusion, also concerning for metastatic disease.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  A bone scan is may be considered as clinically indicated\nfor further evaluation of the possible rib metastases if clinically suspicious\nfor progression since bone scan of ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "LUNGS: Within limits of MRI, the lungs are clear.  Please refer to the\ndedicated CT chest from ___ for details.\n\nVASCULATURE: Patient is status post right chest wall infusion port placement\nwith tip at the cavoatrial junction, unchanged from prior exam.  Please note\nthat the evaluation for pulmonary embolism is limited on the current\ntechnique.  The ascending and descending aorta are not dilated.  The pulmonary\nartery appears well opacified centrally.\n\nHEART AND MEDIASTINUM: The heart is normal in size.  There is no pericardial\neffusion.  As previously, again seen is a soft tissue density in the anterior\nmediastinum measuring 1.9 x 4.0 cm.  There is evidence of dropout in signal on\nin and imaging, suggestive of intravoxel fat.  The ratio between in and out of\nphase images when compared to the paraspinal muscles measure 0.86 ___ et\nal.  AJNR ___ Jul;197(1):W15-20).  The enhancement is mostly homogeneous. \nThere is no lymphadenopathy in the mediastinum.\n\nUPPER ABDOMEN: The imaged portion of the upper abdomen is unremarkable.\n\nOSSEOUS STRUCTURES AND SOFT TISSUES: The imaged osseous structures and soft\ntissues are within normal limits.",
+            "output": "Soft tissue in the anterior mediastinum, most likely representing thymic\nhyperplasia given clinical history and signal characteristics.  No suspicious\nenhancement within the thymus.  No new lymphadenopathy."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "LUNGS: Within limits of an MRI examination, no significant pulmonary\nabnormality seen.\n\nVASCULATURE: Again seen is a right sided Port-A-Cath with tip in the proximal\nright atrium.  The aorta is normal in caliber.  The main and central pulmonary\narteries are normally opacified.  Please note limitation of MRI for assessment\nof distal pulmonary arterial vessels.\n\nHEART AND MEDIASTINUM: Heart is normal in size.  There is no pericardial\neffusion.  Again seen is the mildly enhancing soft tissue density in the\nanterior superior mediastinum showing evidence of signal dropout on the out of\nphase images measuring approximately 3.5 x 2.0 cm (previously 4.0 x 1.9 cm). \nThe ratio between in and out of phase images compared to the paraspinal\nmuscles measures 0.5, which is in keeping with normal thymus/thymic\nhyperplasia ___ et al ___ AJNR).  No significantly enlarged mediastinal\nlymph nodes seen.\n\nUPPER ABDOMEN: No significant abnormality seen in the visualized upper\nabdomen.\n\nOSSEOUS STRUCTURES AND SOFT TISSUES: No abnormal marrow signal or soft tissue\nabnormality.",
+            "output": "Mild interval decrease in size of the thymic hyperplasia in the anterior\nmediastinum.  No suspicious mass or lymphadenopathy seen."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "LUNGS: Postsurgical changes are again seen at the left lung base with a small\nleft pleural effusion.  Multiple nodules are seen along the left major fissure\nmeasuring up to 5 mm, unchanged and likely benign lymph nodes (8:26). \nMultiple enhancing T1 isointense and T2 hyperintense nodules are seen along\nthe posterior left pleura at the apex measuring 1.3 x 1.2 cm (10:11) and at\nthe left lung base measuring up to 1.5 x 0.7 cm, more conspicuous compared to\nprior exam (8:51, 52, 55).  A 3.4 x 2.6 cm T2 hyperintense enhancing mass is\nseen in the left costophrenic angle, previously measuring 3.9 x 2 cm, grossly\nsimilar to prior given difference in modality (11:11).\n\nVASCULATURE: No aortic aneurysm or significant atherosclerotic disease.\n\nHEART AND MEDIASTINUM: Heart size is normal.  No mediastinal lymphadenopathy\nor mass.\n\nUPPER ABDOMEN: The visualized portion of the upper abdomen is unremarkable.\n\nOSSEOUS STRUCTURES AND SOFT TISSUES: Postsurgical changes are seen along the\nleft chest wall.  Mild degenerative changes are seen in the thoracic spine. \nNo aggressive osseous lesion.  The thyroid gland is without concerning focal\nlesion.  A right chest Port-A-Cath is visualized terminating in the mid SVC.",
+            "output": "1. Multiple enhancing nodules along the left pleura, concerning for metastatic\ndisease.\n2. Left costophrenic angle mass is stable in size but avidly enhancing.  While\nthis may represent postsurgical sequela, metastatic disease can have a similar\nappearance.\n\nNOTIFICATION:   The impression and recommendation above was entered by Dr.\n___  ___ on ___ at 18:26 into the Department of Radiology\ncritical communications system for direct communication to the referring\nprovider."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There is marked, necrotic-appearing lymphadenopathy identified within the\nanterior mediastinum, prevascular area, left paratracheal, left suprahilar and\nright paratracheal stations.  The largest lymph nodes is seen in the left\nanterior lateral mediastinum and measures 2.4 cm.  The largest left\nparatracheal lymph node measures 1.6 cm.  The left largest suprahilar lymph\nnode measures 2.1 cm.  There is bilateral moderate-sized pleural effusions\nwhich are new compared to the prior study.  There is also significant increase\nin the consolidation in left upper lung lobe with bronchial wall thickening of\nthe upper lobe bronchi consistent with post obstructive bronchitis.\n\nPostcontrast administration there appears to be central hypervascularity of\nthe lymph nodes suggesting a more atypical source such as an a typical\ninfection, and based on the age of the patient less likely a neoplastic\nprocess.  Further characterization by means of biopsy is recommended.",
+            "output": "There is marked, necrotic-appearing lymphadenopathy identified within the\nanterior mediastinum, prevascular area, left paratracheal, left suprahilar and\nright paratracheal stations. Postcontrast administration there appears to be\ncentral hypervascularity of the lymph nodes suggesting a more atypical source\nsuch as an a typical infection, and based on the age of the patient less\nlikely a neoplastic process.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Further characterization by means of biopsy is\nrecommended."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "AORTA: The patient is status post resection and grafting of the ascending and\nhemi-arch of the aorta for previous type A aortic dissection.\n\nAgain demonstrated is an anterior outpouching of the anterior aortic root,\nsuperior to the right coronary cusp (15b:61), and is unchanged since the most\nrecent prior study of ___.\n\nAgain identified is an aortic dissection extending from the distal thoracic\naorta at the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus (16b:53) into the proximal left\ncommon iliac artery (18b:72). The configuration and appearance of the\ndissection is unchanged since the most recent prior study. The celiac artery,\nSMA and right renal artery originate from the true lumen and are patent. \nThere is severe narrowing of the origin of the celiac axis with marked\npoststenotic aneurysmal dilation of the proximal celiac artery measuring up to\n16 mm in diameter (17b:5), which is unchanged from the prior study. The left\nrenal artery arises from both the true and false lumen, with the dissection\nflap extending into the left renal artery (17b:25). There is aneurysmal\ndilatation of the distal left renal artery which measures 15 x 13 mm and is\nunchanged since previous (17b:24). The inferior mesenteric artery arises from\nthe false lumen and fills retrograde.\n\nThe left common iliac artery is again dilated measuring 2.7 x 2.4 cm and is\nunchanged since previous (previously 2.6 x 2.5 cm).\n\nAortic measurements (all are unchanged since the most recent prior study):\n\nAortic root: 4.2 cm (10:6).\nAscending aorta: 2.7 cm (15b:40).\nAortic arch: 3.6 cm (15b:23).\nDescending aorta:  3.6 x 3.1 cm (15b:50).\nDescending aorta at the esophageal hiatus:  4.0 x 3.6 cm (16b:45).\nAbdominal aorta at the level of SMA:  4.0 x 3.4 cm (17b:14).\nInfrarenal abdominal aorta:  4.3 x 3.7 cm (17b:64).\n\nCHEST: There is evidence of prior sternotomy. No mediastinal, axillary or\nhilar lymphadenopathy is appreciated. There is minimal dependent atelectasis\nin the bilateral lung bases. No pericardial or pleural effusions are present.\n\nABDOMEN:  A few subcentimeter T2 hyperintense cystic lesions within the liver\n(6:34, 35, 37) are consistent with biliary hamartomas. The liver is otherwise\nunremarkable. The portal and hepatic veins are patent.  Incidental note is\nmade of a replaced right hepatic artery arising from the SMA. No intra or\nextrahepatic biliary duct dilatation is seen. There are multiple small\ngallstones within the gallbladder, which is nondistended and nonedematous.\n\nThere are multiple T2 hyperintense cystic lesions within both kidneys, the\nlargest of which measures 5.1 x 4.5 cm within the upper pole of the right\nkidney, consistent with a simple cyst.  A 6 mm T1 hyperintense lesion in the\nright upper pole renal cortex ___: 104) is compatible with a\nhemorrhagic/proteinaceous renal cyst. Both kidneys enhance symmetrically and\nexcrete contrast normally without hydronephrosis or suspicious renal mass. The\nbilateral adrenal glands and spleen are within normal limits. The pancreas\nshows normal signal intensity and homogeneous enhancement without pancreatic\nduct dilation.\n\nThere is a small axial hiatal hernia.  The stomach, duodenum and\nintra-abdominal loops of bowel are unremarkable except to note a few colonic\ndiverticula. There is a small fat-containing umbilical hernia. No\nlymphadenopathy or ascites is seen.\n\nPELVIS:  The urinary bladder and seminal vesicles are unremarkable.  The\nprostate is not well-visualized and is likely surgically absent. The rectum is\nwithin normal limits. No free pelvic fluid or pelvic lymphadenopathy is seen. \nUncomplicated bilateral small fat containing inguinal hernias are noted.\n\nThere is no bone marrow signal abnormality concerning for infection or\nmalignancy.",
+            "output": "1. Stable extent and appearance of distal thoracic and abdominal aortic\ndissection involving the left common iliac and left renal arteries. Aneurysmal\ndilatation of the abdominal aorta, left common iliac artery and distal left\nrenal artery are unchanged from the prior examination. Unchanged postsurgical\noutpouching of the anterior aortic root.\n\n2. Unchanged severe stenosis of the origin of the celiac artery with market\npost stenotic aneurysmal dilatation.\n\n3. Cholelithiasis without evidence of cholecystitis.\n\n4. Small axial hiatal hernia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "AORTA: The patient is status post resection and grafting of the ascending and\nhemi-arch of the aorta for previous type A aortic dissection.\n\nAgain demonstrated is an anterior outpouching of the anterior aortic root,\nsuperior to the right coronary cusp (15b:61), and is unchanged since the most\nrecent prior study of ___.\n\nAgain identified is an aortic dissection extending from the distal thoracic\naorta at the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus (16b:53) into the proximal left\ncommon iliac artery (18b:72). The configuration and appearance of the\ndissection is unchanged since the most recent prior study. The celiac artery,\nSMA and right renal artery originate from the true lumen and are patent. \nThere is severe narrowing of the origin of the celiac axis with marked\npoststenotic aneurysmal dilation of the proximal celiac artery measuring up to\n16 mm in diameter (17b:5), which is unchanged from the prior study. The left\nrenal artery arises from both the true and false lumen, with the dissection\nflap extending into the left renal artery (17b:25). There is aneurysmal\ndilatation of the distal left renal artery which measures 15 x 13 mm and is\nunchanged since previous (17b:24). The inferior mesenteric artery arises from\nthe false lumen and fills retrograde.\n\nThe left common iliac artery is again dilated measuring 2.7 x 2.4 cm and is\nunchanged since previous (previously 2.6 x 2.5 cm).\n\nAortic measurements (all are unchanged since the most recent prior study):\n\nAortic root: 4.2 cm (10:6).\nAscending aorta: 2.7 cm (15b:40).\nAortic arch: 3.6 cm (15b:23).\nDescending aorta:  3.6 x 3.1 cm (15b:50).\nDescending aorta at the esophageal hiatus:  4.0 x 3.6 cm (16b:45).\nAbdominal aorta at the level of SMA:  4.0 x 3.4 cm (17b:14).\nInfrarenal abdominal aorta:  4.3 x 3.7 cm (17b:64).\n\nCHEST: There is evidence of prior sternotomy. No mediastinal, axillary or\nhilar lymphadenopathy is appreciated. There is minimal dependent atelectasis\nin the bilateral lung bases. No pericardial or pleural effusions are present.\n\nABDOMEN:  A few subcentimeter T2 hyperintense cystic lesions within the liver\n(6:34, 35, 37) are consistent with biliary hamartomas. The liver is otherwise\nunremarkable. The portal and hepatic veins are patent.  Incidental note is\nmade of a replaced right hepatic artery arising from the SMA. No intra or\nextrahepatic biliary duct dilatation is seen. There are multiple small\ngallstones within the gallbladder, which is nondistended and nonedematous.\n\nThere are multiple T2 hyperintense cystic lesions within both kidneys, the\nlargest of which measures 5.1 x 4.5 cm within the upper pole of the right\nkidney, consistent with a simple cyst.  A 6 mm T1 hyperintense lesion in the\nright upper pole renal cortex ___: 104) is compatible with a\nhemorrhagic/proteinaceous renal cyst. Both kidneys enhance symmetrically and\nexcrete contrast normally without hydronephrosis or suspicious renal mass. The\nbilateral adrenal glands and spleen are within normal limits. The pancreas\nshows normal signal intensity and homogeneous enhancement without pancreatic\nduct dilation.\n\nThere is a small axial hiatal hernia.  The stomach, duodenum and\nintra-abdominal loops of bowel are unremarkable except to note a few colonic\ndiverticula. There is a small fat-containing umbilical hernia. No\nlymphadenopathy or ascites is seen.\n\nPELVIS:  The urinary bladder and seminal vesicles are unremarkable.  The\nprostate is not well-visualized and is likely surgically absent. The rectum is\nwithin normal limits. No free pelvic fluid or pelvic lymphadenopathy is seen. \nUncomplicated bilateral small fat containing inguinal hernias are noted.\n\nThere is no bone marrow signal abnormality concerning for infection or\nmalignancy.",
+            "output": "1. Stable extent and appearance of distal thoracic and abdominal aortic\ndissection involving the left common iliac and left renal arteries. Aneurysmal\ndilatation of the abdominal aorta, left common iliac artery and distal left\nrenal artery are unchanged from the prior examination. Unchanged postsurgical\noutpouching of the anterior aortic root.\n\n2. Unchanged severe stenosis of the origin of the celiac artery with market\npost stenotic aneurysmal dilatation.\n\n3. Cholelithiasis without evidence of cholecystitis.\n\n4. Small axial hiatal hernia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MR ANGIOGRAM: Postsurgical changes related to prior repair ___ type A\ndissection are again noted, with persistent anterior outpouching of the aortic\nroot, unchanged in appearance (25:50).  The origins of the great vessels\narising from the aortic arch are patent.\n\nA ___ type B aortic dissection arises at the level of the diaphragmatic\nhiatus common extends into the left common iliac artery.  The overall\nconfiguration extent of the dissection appears similar compared to the prior\nexamination.  There is stable degree of concentric variability of the\nthrombosis in the false lumen.  There is persistent severe stenosis of the\nceliac artery, poststenotic dilatation measuring up to 14 mm (26:30),\nunchanged.  The celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and right renal\nartery arise from the true lumen.  The inferior mesenteric artery arises from\nthe false lumen and fills via retrograde flow.  Slight irregular thrombosis\nwithin the superior mesenteric artery near the origin is unchanged.  There is\nre- demonstration of a replaced right hepatic artery, arising from the\nsuperior mesenteric artery.\n\nThe aortic dissection flap extends into the left renal artery (2700, 22:74),\nwith predominant filling by the true lumen.  There is likely fenestration in\nthe proximal left renal artery. The false lumen of the left renal artery is\nopacified for only approximately 1.5 cm.  The distal left renal artery is\naneurysmal, spanning approximately 13 mm (27:79), unchanged.   Left common\niliac artery aneurysm is also noted (measured below).\n\nMeasurements include:\nAortic root:  3.9 x 4.4 cm\nAscending thoracic aorta at the level of the main pulmonary artery:  4.2 x 3.4\ncm\nProximal arch:  3.4 x 3.6 cm\nDistal arch:  3.6 x 3.6 cm\nMid descending:  3.8 x 3.8 cm\nDistal descending:  3.9 x 3.6 cm\nSuprarenal abdominal aorta:  4.1 x 3.7 cm\nInfrarenal abdominal aorta:  4.1 x 3.6\nLeft common iliac artery:  2.8 x 2.2 cm\n\n\nLUNGS:  A 6mm pulmonary nodule in the right middle lobe is stable since the\nchest CT from ___ (25:13).  There is no pleural effusion.\n\nHEART AND MEDIASTINUM: The heart and mediastinum are unremarkable.  There is\nno mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy.  No pericardial effusion is\nidentified.\n\nABDOMEN:  There is a small hiatal hernia.  The liver is unremarkable with\nexception of small cysts or biliary hamartomas, unchanged (5:5).  The\npancreas, spleen, and bilateral adrenal glands are normal in appearance. \nThere are several simple cysts in the bilateral kidneys, unchanged.  The\ngastrointestinal tract is within normal limits.  There is no free fluid in the\nabdomen.  No retroperitoneal or mesenteric lymphadenopathy is present.\n\nOSSEOUS STRUCTURES AND SOFT TISSUES: No osseous lesion worrisome for\nmalignancy or infection is identified.",
+            "output": "1. Overall stable appearance of Type B aortic dissection.\n2. Graft repair of prior Type A dissection is unchanged.\n3. Aneurysmal dilation of the left common iliac artery, distal left renal\nartery, and celiac artery just beyond celiac origin stenosis are overall\nunchanged.\n4. Hepatic and renal cysts."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "There are bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right\nside.  There is a large anterior and middle mediastinal mass which extends\nanterior to the branch vessels of the aorta.  It extends inferiorly anterior\nto the arch and posterior to the sternum and involves the sternum.  It extends\nfurther inferiorly to surround the main pulmonary artery and the proximal\npericardium.  It encases the left brachiocephalic vein.  It encases the\ninternal mammary arteries.  The mass extends down to the aortopulmonary window\nand the subcarinal space.  The mass encases the branch vessels of the aorta\nextending posteriorly between the SVC and trachea and abutting the azygos\nvein.  Anteriorly, it elevates the left pectoralis muscle.\n\nNo evidence of any occlusion of any of the vasculature.  No evidence of any\nemboli.\n\n2D and 3D reformations provided multiple perspectives for the dynamic series.",
+            "output": "1.  Large anterior and middle mediastinal mass which surrounds and abuts the\naorta and pulmonary artery as well as the branch vessels of the aorta,\ninvolves the sternum and elevates and slightly invadses the left pectoralis\nanteriorly and inferiorly involves the pericardium.  The appearance is most\nlikely that of an aggressive thymoma.\n\n2.  Bilateral pleural effusions with associated atelectasis, left more than\nright side."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Motion artifact degrades the quality of the study.\n\nIn the anterior mediastinum prevascular space extending inferiorly anterior to\nthe heart, there is lobulated soft tissue lesion in a triangular configuration\nwhich is mildly hyperintense on the T2 weighted images.   There is signal loss\non the out of phase sequence as opposed to the in phase sequence consistent\nwith intravoxel fat.  This area measures approximately 2.0 x 4.6 cm and is\nunchanged compared to the prior exam. This area is most consistent with thymic\nhyperplasia.  There are no discrete masses.\n\nThere are bilateral simple appearing 4 and 2 mm cysts in the right and left\nlobes of the thyroid respectively.\n\nNo supraclavicular or axillary lymphadenopathy by size criteria.\n\nThe great vessels are of normal caliber throughout.  Heart size is normal.  No\npericardial effusion.\n\nAlthough the study is not optimized for assessment of the lung parenchyma.  No\ngross masses.  No areas of consolidation.  No mediastinal or hilar\nlymphadenopathy by size criteria.\n\nThe visualized portion of the abdomen is not well assessed due to motion\nartifact.\n\nThe bone marrow demonstrates normal signal characteristics.  No concerning\nosseous lesions.",
+            "output": "Soft tissue in the anterior mediastinum appears unchanged from CT chest ___ and is compatible with thymic hyperplasia."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "The study is mildly limited by motion.\n\nLUNGS: The study is not targeted for evaluation of lung parenchyma.  Within\nthis limitation, there is no focal consolidation or mass.  No pleural\neffusion.\n\nVASCULATURE: The thoracic aorta appears normal in caliber.\n\nHEART AND MEDIASTINUM: Visualized thyroid appears unremarkable.  Visualized\nportion of the base of the neck appears unremarkable.  There is no axillary\nlymphadenopathy or supraclavicular lymphadenopathy.  In the anterior\nmediastinum, there is significant decrease in soft tissue with again loss of\nsignal on out of phase imaging suggesting intravoxel fat now measuring\napproximately 3.7 x 1.8 cm, previously measuring at least 7.3 x 2.0 cm (4; 21)\nconsistent with thymic hyperplasia.  There is no mediastinal lymphadenopathy. \nThe heart is not enlarged.  There is no pericardial effusion.\n\nUPPER ABDOMEN: Visualized portion of the upper abdomen appears unremarkable.\n\nOSSEOUS STRUCTURES AND SOFT TISSUES: No suspicious osseous lesion is\nidentified.",
+            "output": "Interval decrease in anterior mediastinal soft tissue which again drops in\nsignal on out of phase imaging consistent with thymic hyperplasia, decreased\ncompared to prior."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Within the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the anterior right chest wall\nthere is a STIR hyperintense and T1 hypo intense lesion, which measures\napproximately 1.7 x 4.4 x 5.3 cm (AP, transverse, cc dimension).  There are\nmultiple hypo intense curvilinear flow voids within the lesion and within the\nsurrounding subcutaneous fat.  There is a large tortuous artery that leads\nfrom the right internal mammary artery to the lesion, better delineated on\nprior CT.  No definite nidus identified, however, this study was not tailored\nto evaluate the vasculature.  The associated T1 hypointense and STIR\nhypointense signal is non mass like, suggesting this may represent a vascular\nmalformation.  Difficult to definitively exclude a highly vascularized soft\ntissue tumor.  There is thickening of the overlying skin.  In addition, there\nis a smaller ill defined nodular T1 hypointense and STIR hyperintense area\ndeep the dominant lesion measuring up 1.3 x 0.8 x 1.5 cm (series 6, image 15).\nThere are flow voids leading to and within this area as well.  This second\nportion of the lesion abuts the fascia overlying the pectoralis muscle.  No\nevidence of definite involvement of the pectoralis muscle.  Postcontrast\nimaging demonstrates enhancement within both lesions.\n\nNo axillary lymphadenopathy.\n\nNo suspicious bone marrow signal.",
+            "output": "T1 and STIR hypointense lesion in the right anterior chest wall subcutaneous\ntissues involving the overlying skin with multiple large flow voids.  The\nabnormal signal intensity is non mass like in configuration and likely\nrepresents a vascular malformation, however, a highly vascular tumor cannot be\nexcluded.\n\nNOTIFICATION:  The findings were discussed with Dr.  ___, M.D. by\n___, M.D. on the telephone on ___ at 8:22AM, 5 minutes\nafter discovery of the findings."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "In the anterior mediastinum, there is soft tissue measuring 19 x 11 mm which\nis triangular in configuration and demonstrates signal loss on the out of\nphase sequence as opposed to the in phase sequence consistent with intravoxel\nfat.  This constellation of finding is most in keeping with thymic\nhyperplasia.  There are no masses.\n\nNo mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy by size criteria.\n\nThere is conventional 3 arch anatomy.  The great vessels are normal in\ncaliber.  Heart size is normal.  No pericardial effusion.\n\nThe lungs are clear.  No pleural effusion.\n\nThe thyroid gland is within normal limits.\n\n The bone marrow demonstrates normal signal characteristics.  No concerning\nosseous lesions.",
+            "output": "1.  Thymic hyperplasia\n2.  No thymic masses."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MRA:  The superior vena cava, bilateral subclavian veins and axillary veins\nare patent and contrast opacified.  Superficial venous branches of the\ndraining from the anterior aspect of the right upper arm are also contrast\nopacified, although course immediately adjacent to the soft tissue mass\ndescribed below.\n\nMRI: There is extensive soft tissue abnormality centered anterior to the right\nshoulder joint.  This material spans 6.7 cm caudocranially, 8.4 cm\ntransversely and 3.1 cm anterior to posterior. This is soft tissue is slightly\nhyperintense has to skeletal muscle on T2 weighted imaging, isointense to\nskeletal muscle on T1 weighted imaging and is avidly and progressively\nenhancing. The margins are irregular and infiltrative, involving multiple\nmyofascial planes.  There is infiltration of the medial aspect of the right \ndeltoid, lateral aspect of the pectoralis, and anterior biceps muscles.  The\nnoninvolved muscle maintains normal signal without identified edema or\ninflammation. Along the medial aspect there is deeper infiltration to the\nthoracic chest wall, with abnormal enhancement involving the intercostal\nmuscles surrounding the first rib (17:55). There is no extension into the\nthoracic cavity. No pleural effusion or airspace opacity is seen.\n\nInnumerable osseous metastases are seen throughout the visualized spine,\ncorrelating with appearance on the prior CT.\n\nLimited evaluation of the upper abdomen is notable for a T2 hyperintense,\nnonenhancing cysts scattered throughout the liver and bilateral kidneys.\n\nNote is made of bilateral mastectomies and reconstructions.\n\nThe arms beyond the shoulders are not included in the field of view and are\nnot assessed for edema.",
+            "output": "Extensive abnormal enhancing soft tissue process infiltrating anterior right\nchest wall and proximal arm musculature and extending towards but not into the\nright thoracic cavity.  While this could represent recurrence of known\nmetastatic breast cancer, the infiltrative appearance and progressive\nenhancement is atypical, and can also be seen with other tumors such as\nlymphoma or desmoid tumor.  Lack of surrounding edema argues against an\ninflammatory myositis and contours are not typical for radiation myositis. The\ndeep venous structures of the thorax remain patent at this time.\n\nNOTIFICATION:  Findings were discussed with person between Dr ___ Dr\n___ at approximately 16:30 on ___."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Study is severely degraded by motion despite repeating sequences.\n\nThere is no definite lesion visualized at the right eleventh costochondral\njunction corresponding to the increased SUV uptake in the previous PET-CT. \nNoting that there is motion artifact.\n\nThe evaluation of the intra-abdominal structures are significantly limited due\nto severe motion artifact.  There are multiple high T2 lesions in the liver\nwith no internal enhancement poorly characterized at the current study likely\nrepresenting previously described cysts and better assessed on the dedicated\nprior liver MRI studies..\n\nThere are also bilateral renal high T2 lesions obscured by the significant\nmotion artifact with grossly no internal enhancement likely representing the\npreviously described cysts.  There are severe degenerative changes and\nscoliosis throughout the thoracolumbar spine.\n\nThere bilateral trace pleural effusion.  There is small ascites visualized.",
+            "output": "No definite lesion visualized at the right eleventh costochondral junction\ncorresponding to the increased SUV uptake in the previous PET-CT.  Noting that\nsignificantly limited evaluation due to severe motion artifact."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "LUNGS: There is a 3.7 x 2.4 x 3.0 cm oval, predominantly T2 hyperintense, T1\nhypointense, well-circumscribed lesion with peripheral enhancement including\nfocal enhancing nodularity located along the posterior-lateral left upper lung\npleura (series 3, image 24; series 4, image 30; series 11, image 27).  The\ndominant nodular component measures 1.0 x 0.6 cm, located along the\nposterolateral aspect of the lesion (series 11, image 28).  There is no\nmicroscopic or macroscopic fat within this lesion.  There appears to be a\ncurvilinear line of subpleural fat between the margins of the lesion and the\nadjacent lung. The lesion does not appear to extend beyond the lateral margins\nof the intercostal structures.  The remainder of the imaged lungs is\nunremarkable.  No pleural effusion.\n\nVASCULATURE: The thoracic aorta is normal in caliber.  No evidence of\ndissection.  Incidental common origin of the left common carotid and\ninnominate arteries.  The main pulmonary artery is normal in caliber.  No\ncentral pulmonary embolism.\n\nHEART AND MEDIASTINUM: No cardiomegaly.  No upper mediastinal lymphadenopathy.\n\nOSSEOUS STRUCTURES AND SOFT TISSUES: No suspicious osseous lesions.  The\nabdominal wall is unremarkable.",
+            "output": "A cystic lesion with peripheral enhancing nodularity located along the\nposterolateral left upper lung pleura is probably a cystic neurogenic tumor\nrelated to the intercostal nerve or a branch of the intercostal nerve.  Less\nlikely considerations include a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura given the\nrelatively small amount of solid tissue and probable extra pleural location,\nor cystic/necrotic malignancy such as mesothelioma or primary lung cancer\ngiven probable extra pleural location."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "MRI OF THE CHEST WITH AND WITHOUT IV CONTRAST:\n\nA 3.1 x 2.5 cm retrosternal goiter arising from the lower pole of the right\nthyroid lobe is again seen (series 4, image 7), unchanged in size since the CT\nexamination from ___, demonstrating intermediate signal intensity on\nT2 weighted sequences with moderate contrast enhancement (series 15, image\n40). At least three left supraclavicular lesions demonstrate high signal\nintensity on T2 weighted sequences, with avid contrast enhancement, the\nlargest measuring 3.2 x 2.3 cm (series 9, image 9). T1 and T2 signal\ncharacters are slightly different from the thryoid, making it less likely to\nbe ectopic thyroid tissue, and are most likely enlarged lymph nodes. Only the\ntwo lower nodes are visualized on the CT examination from ___,\nappearing similar in size.\n\nA paraesophageal nodule measuring 16 x 9 mm appears stable (series 9, image\n12). There is no hilar lymphadenopathy. No pulmonary mass or nodule is\ndetected.\n\nProminent triangular-shaped anterior mediastinal tissue demonstrates moderate\nsignal drop-off on T1 weighted out of phase images in comparison to in phase\nsequences (series 11 image 43), compatible with hyperplastic thymic tissue.\n\nThe left common carotid and innominate arteries arise from a common trunk\n(series 15, image 49). The thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries are patent\nand normal in caliber. The subclavian and carotid arteries are patent and\nnormal in caliber. No pulmonary embolus is detected at the proximal\nsubsegmental levels.\n\nThe heart size is normal. There is no pericardial effusion.\n\nThere is mild bibasilar dependent atelectasis (series 1403, image 106). There\nis no pleural effusion.\n\nIncluded views of the liver, spleen, kidneys, spleen, adrenal glands, stomach,\nand splenic flexure are within normal limits.\n\nThere are no bony lesions concerning for malignancy or infection.",
+            "output": "1. Multiple abnormally-enlarged left supraclavicular lymph nodes, measuring up\nto 3.2 cm. Ultrasound-guided biopsy/FNA recommended, assuming the cause is not\nalready known.\n2. Very large right-sided low cervical/retrosternal goiter.  Based on it size,\nadvise biopsy/FNA which can also be performed at the time of lymph node FNA.\n3. Enlarged paraesophageal lymph node remains stable since ___\nexamination.\n4. Hyperplastic thymic tissue."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Motion artifact from breathing, inhomogeneous fat saturation and the lack of\nintravenous contrast limits interpretation of the study.\n\nLUNGS: There are moderate-sized bilateral pleural effusions, increased in size\nfrom the prior study.  No large lung mass is identified.\n\nVASCULATURE: Limited evaluation but no obvious abnormality.\n\nHEART AND MEDIASTINUM: Limited evaluation but no obvious abnormality.\n\nOSSEOUS STRUCTURES AND SOFT TISSUES: No definite abnormal signal or edema is\nseen in the region of the left sternoclavicular joint or manubrium.  No fluid\nseen in the sternoclavicular joints.  However, as noted above, there is marked\nmotion artifact.",
+            "output": "Technically limited study as outlined above.  Allowing for the limitations of\nthis study, there is no evidence of edema in the left sternoclavicular joint. \nPlease note that prior chest CT demonstrates normal appearing sternoclavicular\njoint and  manubrium without evidence of effusion."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Patient is intubated.  Orogastric tube passes into the stomach.\n\nThe great arch vessels and the thoracic aorta appears normal in contour and\ncaliber.  Arteries of the chest are widely patent without stenoses.  There is\nno wall thickening, hyperenhancement or edema in the wall of the aorta or the\nproximal great arch vessels of the chest.\n\nThe heart is normal in size.  There are trace bilateral pleural effusions. \nThere is no significant pericardial effusion.",
+            "output": "No evidence for vasculitis in the chest."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Within the anterior costophrenic angle of the right hemithorax is a triangular\ncystic structure. This is T2 hyperintense, T1 hypointense and nonenhancing. It\nhas smooth, rounded contour with subtle, thin septations anteriorly. This has\n___ of 6 cm anterior to posterior, 3 cm caudocranially and 11 cm\ntransversely. This conforms to its space, respecting the anterior margin of\nthe major fissure. It abuts the free wall of the right atrium and right\nventricle, without mass effect on the heart. This structure is unchanged in\nshape, size and signal/enhancement characteristics, and is consistent with a\nbenign pericardial cyst.\n\nNo additional mediastinal mass is identified. Cardiac function is not assessed\non this examination. The morphology of the heart is normal. There is\nconventional vascular anatomy of the chest.\n\nThere is mild consolidative change within the dependent portions of each lung,\npresumably from hypo ventilation.\n\nLimited evaluation the upper abdomen reveals no additional incidental\nabnormality.  There is no evidence of hepatic steatosis.",
+            "output": "Unchanged benign pericardial cyst within the anterior costophrenic angle of\nthe right hemithorax."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "At the level of the pulmonary artery, the ascending aorta measures\n3.5 cm in maximum dimension and the descending aorta measures 3 cm in maximum\ndimension.  In the anterior mediastinum in the prevascular area, note is made\nof a lesion of high signal intensity on both FIESTA and T2-weighted imaging,\nwhich measures 13 mm and may represent a thymic cyst.  This was also seen on\nthe previous CT from ___ and ___ and is unchanged.  At the level of\nthe diaphragmatic hiatus, the suprarenal aorta measures 2.5 cm.\n\nNo evidence of any dissection.  No evidence of any pulmonary embolus.\n\nThe lungs where visualized are normal.  The origins of the brachiocephalic,\nleft carotid, and left subclavian arteries are normal.\n\nThe lungs where visualized are normal.\n\nNote is made of a gastric pull-up in the right side of the chest in this\npatient status post esophagectomy.\n\nUpper cuts of the abdomen reveal a cyst in the upper pole of the right kidney\nmeasuring 17 mm.  Visualized images of the liver and spleen appear\nunremarkable.\n\nThe osseous structures where visualized are normal.\n\n2D and 3D reformations provided multiple perspectives for the dynamic series.",
+            "output": "1.  No evidence of any aortic dissection.\n2.  Gastric pull-up in patient status post esophagectomy.\n3.  Incidental right renal cyst noted."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "Four markers denote the area of clinical concern.\n\nImmediately deep to the right upper trapezius muscle, there is a\nwell-circumscribed 5.1 cm CC by 1.3 cm AP by 5.4 cm transverse T1 hyperintense\nlesion which demonstrates loss of signal on fat saturated sequences.  There is\na single enhancing septation--although this appears thin, it measures up to 2\nmm in thickness.  No evidence of nodular soft tissue component.  No other\nseptations identified.  Otherwise, no convincing internal enhancement.\n\nThe mass lies deep to the right trapezius muscle, overlying the rhomboid\nmuscles.  Surrounding muscles and overlying subcutaneous fat are within normal\nlimits.\n\nNo other focal mass fluid collection is detected in this area.  No overlying\nsoft tissue edema.\n\nVisualized muscles and bones about the upper chest are otherwise grossly\nunremarkable.\n\nThis examination is not diagnostic for evaluation of the lung parenchyma. \nHowever, bibasilar dependent atelectasis is noted.",
+            "output": "Palpable abnormality corresponds to a 5.1 x 1.3 x 5.4 cm fat containing lesion\ndeep to the right upper trapezius muscle, likely representing a lipoma. Note\nis made of a single internal septation that is at the upper limits of normal\nin thickness.  No evidence of nodular soft tissue thickening or focus of\nnodular enhancement to suggest malignancy.\n\nRecommend follow-up MRI in ___ year to confirm expected stability.  Also\nrecommend re-imaging if there is a change in symptoms or interval growth\nrelated to this lesion.\n\nRECOMMENDATION(S):  Recommend follow-up MRI in ___ year to confirm expected\nstability.\n\nAlso recommend re-imaging if there is a change in symptoms or interval growth\nrelated to this lesion."
+        },
+        {
+            "input": "A external marker overlies the right upper posterior chest wall, in the area\nof patient's palpable abnormality.  Compared with ___, a\nwell-circumscribed 5.4 x 1.4 (TRV x AP) fat density lesion immediately deep to\nthe right trapezius muscle is not significantly changed in size, previously\nmeasuring 5.4 x 1.3 cm.  Although the mass appears slightly longer in the CC\ndirection, spanning approximately 5.7 cm compared with 5.1 cm previously, the\npatient is slightly oblique, likely accounting for this difference.  This mass\nagain contains a single septation measuring up to 2 mm in thickness.  No new\nthick septal or nodular enhancement.\n\nThe bone marrow intensity appears isointense to muscle on T1 weighted imaging,\nslightly lower in signal than normally seen, however unchanged and may be\nrelated to red marrow conversion.  There is a 5 mm T1 hyperintense enhancing\nlesion in a midthoracic vertebral body, only included on the axial images,\nsaturates out on fat sat precontrast images and is not well seen on STIR\nweighted imaging (09:33; 03:33).",
+            "output": "1. A fat density lesion in the right posterior chest wall with a single thin\ninternal enhancing septation is not significantly changed compared with\n___, with slight increase in the length of the mass in the CC\ndirection accounted for by differences in obliquity of the patient, favored a\nlipoma.  No new thick septal or nodular enhancement.\n2. The signal intensity of the bone marrow on T1 weighted imaging is\nrelatively hypointense, however is unchanged and may be related to red marrow\nconversion. Correlate clinically.\n3. A 5 mm enhancing lesion in a midthoracic vertebral body is favored a\nhemangioma, however given the history of pheochromocytoma, metastasis\ndifficult to exclude.  MIBG nuclear medicine imaging could be performed if\nthere is clinical concern for metastases."
+        }
+    ]
+}